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Mani I, Thangavel M, Surendrababu A, Sneha MJX, Rajagopal R, Alfarhan A, Ponnuraj N, Pandi M. Unveiling the Bioprospecting Efficacy and Textile Dyeing of a Novel Endophytic Mycobial Red Pigment. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:618-634. [PMID: 39011001 PMCID: PMC11246333 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments are becoming increasingly popular owing of their reliability. Microbial pigments provide an alternative to natural colours. A total of 24 fungal cultures were collected from leaf bits of Senna auriculata, with one strain (FNG1) producing an extracellular red orange pigment. Nigrospora oryzae was confirmed by using physical criteria and molecular phylogenetic study by using ITS and β- tubulin analysis. In EtOAc, the crude red pigment was the most soluble. The TLC analysis was used to partly purify the natural pigment. The partially purified fungal pigment was used in successive bioprospecting studies. The antimicrobial activity of the partially purified sample was assessed against eight human pathogens, with Leucobacter AA7 showing the largest zone of inhibition (200-500 µg/mL). The compound's DPPH scavenging activity enhanced from 38.2 to 67.9%, with an IC50 value of 34.195 ± 2.33 µg/mL. Cancer cells were suppressed by partly pure fungal pigment, but non-cancerous HEK 293 cells were unaffected. The GC-MS analysis was used to characterize the molecule present in the partly purified pigment. In addition, the cotton textiles have the greatest staining capability for crude mycobial pigment, which dyes quickly and has a negative cytotoxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01211-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Mani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625021 India
| | - Myithili Thangavel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625021 India
| | - Akash Surendrababu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625021 India
| | - M. Joe Xavier Sneha
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625021 India
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box-2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box-2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagendraprabhu Ponnuraj
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illiniois, Urbana, IL 61802 USA
| | - Mohan Pandi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625021 India
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Moriishi T, Kawai Y, Fukuyama R, Matsuo Y, He YW, Akiyama H, Asahina I, Komori T. Bcl2l1 Deficiency in Osteoblasts Reduces the Trabecular Bone Due to Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis Likely through Osteoblast Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17319. [PMID: 38139148 PMCID: PMC10743571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl2l1 (Bcl-XL) belongs to the Bcl-2 family, Bcl2 and Bcl2-XL are major anti-apoptotic proteins, and the apoptosis of osteoblasts is a key event for bone homeostasis. As the functions of Bcl2l1 in osteoblasts and bone homeostasis remain unclear, we generated osteoblast-specific Bcl2l1-deficient (Bcl2l1fl/flCre) mice using 2.3-kb Col1a1 Cre. Trabecular bone volume and the trabecular number were lower in Bcl2l1fl/flCre mice of both sexes than in Bcl2l1fl/fl mice. In bone histomorphometric analysis, osteoclast parameters were increased in Bcl2l1fl/flCre mice, whereas osteoblast parameters and the bone formation rate were similar to those in Bcl2l1fl/fl mice. TUNEL-positive osteoblastic cells and serum TRAP5b levels were increased in Bcl2l1fl/flCre mice. The deletion of Bcl2l1 in osteoblasts induced Tnfsf11 expression, whereas the overexpression of Bcl-XL had no effect. In a co-culture of Bcl2l1-deficient primary osteoblasts and wild-type bone-marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, the numbers of multinucleated TRAP-positive cells and resorption pits increased. Furthermore, serum deprivation or the deletion of Bcl2l1 in primary osteoblasts increased apoptosis and ATP levels in the medium. Therefore, the reduction in trabecular bone in Bcl2l1fl/flCre mice may be due to enhanced bone resorption through osteoblast apoptosis and the release of ATP from apoptotic osteoblasts, and Bcl2l1 may inhibit bone resorption by preventing osteoblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Moriishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan;
| | - Ryo Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hiroshima International University, Kure 737-0112, Japan;
| | - Yuki Matsuo
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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3
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Lago C, Okida DKP, Cordeiro JFB, Gerber JT, Kuchler EC, Rebellato NLB, Moro A, Scariot R, Sebastiani AM. Genetic Polymorphisms of Estrogen Receptors α and β are Associated with Craniofacial Measurements in Patients With Dentofacial Deformity. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:1262-1266. [PMID: 36264685 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentofacial deformities are characterized by abnormalities in craniofacial development that affects the individual's skeletal and occlusion, often causing functional and esthetic problems. In literature, there is an involvement of polymorphisms in estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) genes in craniofacial measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) and ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) genes with cephalometric measurements in individuals with dentofacial deformities. This cross-sectional study was performed with 158 individuals in the preoperative period of orthognathic surgery. The cephalometric measurements obtained through lateral cephalogram using Dolphin Imaging software. For genetic analysis, the DNA extracted from epithelial cells of the oral mucosa and were genotyped using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. The data found submitted to statistical analysis, through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, using the IBM SPSS software version 24.0. Considered a significance level of 0.05. We found association between polymorphisms and cephalometric measurements just in the female sex. The polymorphisms ESR1/rs9340799 ( P= 0.003), ESR1/rs2234693 ( P= 0.026), and ESR2/rs1256049 ( P= 0.046) were associated with the upper gonial angle (Ar-Go-N). The polymorphism ESR2/rs1256049 was also associated with the facial axis-rickets (NBa-PtGn) ( P= 0.004), anterior cranial base (SN) ( P= 0.036), and Y-axis (SGn-SN) ( P= 0.031).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lago
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, Campo Comprido
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Moro
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, Campo Comprido
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR
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4
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Mountain RV, Langlais AL, Hu D, Baron R, Lary CW, Motyl KJ. Social isolation through single housing negatively affects trabecular and cortical bone in adult male, but not female, C57BL/6J mice. Bone 2023; 172:116762. [PMID: 37044360 PMCID: PMC10084633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is a potent form of psychosocial stress and is a growing public health concern, particularly among older adults. Even prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has significantly increased the prevalence of isolation and loneliness, researchers have been concerned about a rising "epidemic" of loneliness. Isolation is associated with an increased risk for many physical and mental health disorders and increased overall mortality risk. In addition to social isolation, older adults are also at greater risk for osteoporosis and related fractures. While researchers have investigated the negative effects of other forms of psychosocial stress on bone, including depression and PTSD, the effects of social isolation on bone have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that social isolation would lead to bone loss in male and female C57BL/6J mice. 16-week-old mice were randomized into social isolation (1 mouse/cage) or grouped housing (4 mice/cage) for four weeks. Social isolation significantly decreased trabecular (BV/TV, BMD, Tb. N., Tb. Th.) and cortical bone (Ct.Th., Ct.Ar., Ct.Ar./Tt.Ar., pMOI, Ct.Por.) parameters in male, but not female mice. Isolated male mice had signs of reduced bone remodeling represented by reduced osteoblast numbers, osteoblast-related gene expression and osteoclast-related gene expression. However, isolated females had increased bone resorption-related gene expression, without any change in bone mass. Overall, our data suggest that social isolation has negative effects on bone in male, but not female mice, although females showed suggestive effects on bone resorption. These results provide critical insight into the effects of isolation on bone and have key clinical implications as we grapple with the long-term health impacts of the rise in social isolation related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V Mountain
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA.
| | - Audrie L Langlais
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Dorothy Hu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine W Lary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Katherine J Motyl
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Miglietta F, Iamartino L, Palmini G, Giusti F, Marini F, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML. Endocrine sequelae of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Effects on mineral homeostasis and bone metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1085315. [PMID: 36714597 PMCID: PMC9877332 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1085315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant (leukemia and lymphoma) and non-malignant (thalassemia, anemia, and immunodeficiency) hematopoietic diseases. Thanks to the improvement in patient care and the development of more tolerable conditioning treatments, which has extended the applicability of therapy to the elderly, a growing number of patients have successfully benefited from HSCT therapy and, more importantly, HSCT transplant-related mortality has consistently reduced in recent years. However, concomitantly to long term patient survival, a growing incidence of late HSCT-related sequelae has been reported, being variably associated with negative effects on quality of life of patients and having a non-negligible impact on healthcare systems. The most predominantly observed HSCT-caused complications are chronic alterations of the endocrine system and metabolism, which endanger post-operative quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality of transplanted patients. Here, we specifically review the current knowledge on HSCT-derived side-effects on the perturbation of mineral metabolism; in particular, the homeostasis of calcium, focusing on current reports regarding osteoporosis and recurrent renal dysfunctions that have been observed in a percentage of HSC-transplanted patients. Possible secondary implications of conditioning treatments for HSCT on the physiology of the parathyroid glands and calcium homeostasis, alone or in association with HSCT-caused renal and bone defects, are critically discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Miglietta
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Iamartino
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaia Palmini
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Marini
- Fondazione FIRMO Onlus (Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases), Florence, Italy
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione FIRMO Onlus (Italian Foundation for the Research on Bone Diseases), Florence, Italy
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6
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Sureshkumar S, Merlin I, Prasai JR, Rajapriya P, Pandi M. Antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical potentials of fungal bioactive secondary metabolites. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1379-1392. [PMID: 35680569 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on antioxidant, antibacterial, phytochemical potential, and cytotoxicity of secondary metabolites from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Alternaria arborescens, and Pestalotiopsis vismiae. The scavenging effect of fungal metabolites was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), H2 O2 , O2 -, and reducing power assays. Among the four fungi, A. arborescens have higher antioxidant activity of DPPH (81.12%), H2 O2 (74.83%), superoxide (75.74%), and reducing power (0.141) with standard ascorbic acid. Fungal metabolites were found to be significantly effective against all tested pathogens. A. arborescens showed significant amounts of phenolic (138.78 ± 3.70 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent), flavonoid (74.16 ± 3.58 mg/g of quercetin equivalent), as well as cytotoxicity effects in a cancer cell line (A549) with inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 35 µg/ml at 24 and 48 h). The live and dead cells were analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining methods. In addition, A. arborescens metabolites were characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The major compounds were found to be phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-, acetamide, N-(3-methylphenyl)-, dibutyl phthalate, and benzo[qr]naphtho[2,1,8,7-fghi] pentacene. The compounds were reported in A. arborescensis up to our knowledge this is the first report. Based on this study, all fungal strains have a significant bioactive capacity with A. arborescens strain exhibiting greater biological properties. Further purification and characterization of A. arborescens bioactive component could lead to an intriguing reservoir of novel pharmacological agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthuran Sureshkumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Iniya Merlin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Jiwan R Prasai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Pandy Rajapriya
- Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Science, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.,Department of Zoology, M.S.S, Wakf Board College, Madurai, India
| | - Mohan Pandi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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7
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Chandrashekar N, Subramanian R, Thiruvengadam D. Baicalein inhibits cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis in human A549 cells and benzo(a)pyrene-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23053. [PMID: 35332611 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our current study is done to explore the possible mechanisms to elaborate on the growth inhibitory effect of baicalein (BE) in human lung carcinoma. Initially, BE (25 and 50 µM) treatment for 24 h, suppressed the viability and inhibited population growth in A549 cells. BE upholds the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with concomitant replenishment of glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. The expression level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 markedly increased after BE treatment will intimidate A549 cells proliferation by the ROS-independent pathway via the antioxidant pathway. In vivo investigations were carried out on BE (12 mg/kg, oral) in benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P; 50 mg/kg, oral) induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. BE induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by increasing the levels of cytosolic cytochrome c accompanied by upregulating the outflow of p53, Bax, and caspase-3 with a concomitant abatement in the outflow of Bcl-2 in both in vitro and in vivo. In the murine model, BE treatment hindered the countenance of proliferation-related proteins (argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions and proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Additionally, appraisal of the cell nucleus by transmission electron microscopic assessment uncovered that BE treatment adequately counteracts B(a)P-induced lung cancer cell survival. During the transition of the G0 /G1 phase, BE is arrested in the cell cycle process. This might be the cause of a substantial increase in the appearance of p21Cip1 with concomitant downregulating the expressions of CDK4, cyclin D, and cyclin E both in vitro and in vivo. Our results conclude that BE treatment induced apoptosis and repressed proliferation both in vitro and in vivo of human lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenkumar Chandrashekar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Indian Academy Degree College - Autonomous, Meganahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaki Thiruvengadam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Abstract
Osteocytes, former osteoblasts encapsulated by mineralized bone matrix, are far from being passive and metabolically inactive bone cells. Instead, osteocytes are multifunctional and dynamic cells capable of integrating hormonal and mechanical signals and transmitting them to effector cells in bone and in distant tissues. Osteocytes are a major source of molecules that regulate bone homeostasis by integrating both mechanical cues and hormonal signals that coordinate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteocyte function is altered in both rare and common bone diseases, suggesting that osteocyte dysfunction is directly involved in the pathophysiology of several disorders affecting the skeleton. Advances in osteocyte biology initiated the development of novel therapeutics interfering with osteocyte-secreted molecules. Moreover, osteocytes are targets and key distributors of biological signals mediating the beneficial effects of several bone therapeutics used in the clinic. Here we review the most recent discoveries in osteocyte biology demonstrating that osteocytes regulate bone homeostasis and bone marrow fat via paracrine signaling, influence body composition and energy metabolism via endocrine signaling, and contribute to the damaging effects of diabetes mellitus and hematologic and metastatic cancers in the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Delgado-Calle
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Teresita Bellido
- 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas,3Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas
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9
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Chen J, Liang JQ, Zhen YF, Chang L, Zhou ZT, Shen XJ. DCAF1-targeting microRNA-3175 activates Nrf2 signaling and inhibits dexamethasone-induced oxidative injury in human osteoblasts. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1024. [PMID: 34716304 PMCID: PMC8556244 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling can protect human osteoblasts from dexamethasone-induced oxidative injury. DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 1 (DCAF1) is a novel ubiquitin E3 ligase for Nrf2 protein degradation. We identified a novel DCAF1-targeting miRNA, miR-3175. RNA pull-down, Argonaute 2 RNA-immunoprecipitation, and RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization results confirmed a direct binding between miR-3175 and DCAF1 mRNA in primary human osteoblasts. DCAF1 3'-untranslated region luciferase activity and its expression were significantly decreased after miR-3175 overexpression but were augmented with miR-3175 inhibition in human osteoblasts and hFOB1.19 osteoblastic cells. miR-3175 overexpression activated Nrf2 signaling, causing Nrf2 protein stabilization, antioxidant response (ARE) activity increase, and transcription activation of Nrf2-dependent genes in human osteoblasts and hFOB1.19 cells. Furthermore, dexamethasone-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis were largely attenuated by miR-3175 overexpression in human osteoblasts and hFOB1.19 cells. Importantly, shRNA-induced silencing or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Nrf2 knockout abolished miR-3175 overexpression-induced osteoblast cytoprotection against dexamethasone. Conversely, DFAC1 knockout, by the CRISPR/Cas9 method, activated the Nrf2 cascade and inhibited dexamethasone-induced cytotoxicity in hFOB1.19 cells. Importantly, miR-3175 expression was decreased in necrotic femoral head tissues of dexamethasone-taking patients, where DCAF1 mRNA was upregulated. Together, silencing DCAF1 by miR-3175 activated Nrf2 signaling to inhibit dexamethasone-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in human osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Qian Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhen
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Children's Bone Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Tao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiong-Jie Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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10
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Ezhilarasan D, Ali D, Varghese R. Sesamol induces cytotoxicity via mitochondrial apoptosis in SCC-25 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S423-S433. [PMID: 34586880 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211047926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sesamol is the main constituent of sesame seed oil and is obtained from Sesamum indicum. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common neoplasms affecting the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic potentials of sesamol on human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-25) cells. Human oral squamous carcinoma cells were treated with different concentrations (62.5, 125, and 250 μM/mL) of sesamol for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by 3- (4, 5- dimethylthiazol -2- yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was investigated by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay. Apoptosis-related morphology was analyzed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Caspase-9 expression was analyzed by confocal microscopic double immunofluorescence staining. Mitochondrial apoptosis-related markers are analyzed using qPCR. Sesamol treatment caused a significant cytotoxic effect in OSCC cells. Sesamol-induced cytotoxic effect was associated with intracellular ROS generation. Sesamol treatments induced a significant increase in the early and late apoptotic cells. This treatment also induced caspase-9 expression in OSCC cells. Sesamol treatments caused downregulation of Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS) expression at protein and gene levels. Sesamol treatment modulates intrinsic apoptotic marker gene expression in OSCC cells. Overall results confirm the anti-cancer potential of sesamol and it seems to be a promising candidate for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Laboratory, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 194347Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - D Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Varghese
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, 37442University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Nakanishi T, Okamoto A, Ikeda M, Tate S, Sumita M, Kawamoto R, Tonai S, Lee JY, Shimada M, Yamashita Y. Cortisol induces follicle regression, while FSH prevents cortisol-induced follicle regression in pigs. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6290010. [PMID: 34057472 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During follicular development, a few dominant follicles develop to large antral dominant follicles, whereas the remaining follicles undergo atretic degeneration. Because vascularization on the follicular surface is a morphological feature of dominant follicles, we previously classified these follicles as vascularized follicles (VFs) and non-VFs (NVFs). In NVFs, progesterone producing genes were expressed similarly to that in VFs; however, the progesterone concentration in follicular fluid was low in large NVFs. Therefore, we estimated that progesterone is converted to cortisol, which induces the loss of follicular functions. In this study, we comparative analyzed the expression of genes for progesterone converting enzymes (Cytochrome (CYP)11B1, CYP21A2, Hydroxysteroid (HSD)11B2) and cortisol receptor (NR3C1) in VF and NVF granulosa cells. In NVFs, expression of cortisol producing genes (CYP11B1 and CYP21A2) was higher than in VFs. Expression of the gene for the cortisol metabolizing enzyme HSD11B2 in NVFs was significantly lower than in VFs. In NVFs, accompanied by increasing cortisol concentration in follicular fluid, apoptosis of granulosa and cumulus cells was observed. Cultivation with FSH and metyrapone (a CYP11B1 inhibitor) of NVF cumulus-oocyte complexes inhibited apoptosis of cumulus cells and induced cumulus cell proliferation and oocyte maturation. Cortisol-induced CYP11B1 and CYP21A2 expression, whereas FSH-induced HSD11B2 mRNA expression in VF granulosa cells in the presence of cortisol. Furthermore, an addition of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18-GA; a HSD17B2 inhibitor) to cortisol and FSH-containing medium increased apoptosis of VF granulosa cells. These results suggested that cortisol is a stimulatory factor that induces follicular atresia; furthermore, inhibition of cortisol production by FSH might increase the number of healthy preovulatory follicles in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Asako Okamoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maki Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tate
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Miyu Sumita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Rie Kawamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Shingo Tonai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Joo Yeon Lee
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Yamashita
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Japan
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12
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Elsherif NI, Al-Mahallawi AM, Abdelkhalek AA, Shamma RN. Investigation of the Potential of Nebivolol Hydrochloride-Loaded Chitosomal Systems for Tissue Regeneration: In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050700. [PMID: 34064916 PMCID: PMC8150897 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of nebivolol hydrochloride (NVH), a third-generation beta-blocker and NO donor drug, and chitosan on the tissue regeneration. Ionic gelation method was selected for the preparation of NVH-loaded chitosomes using chitosan lactate and sodium tripolyphosphate. The effect of different formulation variables was studied using a full factorial design, and NVH entrapment efficiency percentages and particle size were selected as the responses. The chosen system demonstrated high entrapment efficiency (73.68 ± 3.61%), small particle size (404.05 ± 11.2 nm), and good zeta potential value (35.6 ± 0.25 mV). The best-achieved formula demonstrated spherical morphology in transmission electron microscopy and amorphization of the crystalline drug in differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Cell culture studies revealed a significantly higher proliferation of the fibroblasts in comparison with the drug suspensions and the blank formula. An in vivo study was conducted to compare the efficacy of the proposed formula on wound healing. The histopathological examination showed the superiority of NVH-loaded chitosomes on the wound proliferation and the non-significant difference in the collagen deposition after 15 days of the injury to that of intact skin. In conclusion, NVH-loaded chitosomes exhibited promising results in enhancing skin healing and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Ibrahim Elsherif
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt;
| | - Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-Mahallawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Department of Microbiology of Supplementary General Science, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Rehab Nabil Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-111-930-1245
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13
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Li P, Mao W, Zhang S, Zhang L, Chen Z, Lu Z. MicroRNA-22 contributes to dexamethasone-induced osteoblast differentiation inhibition and dysfunction through targeting caveolin-3 expression in osteoblastic cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:336. [PMID: 33732309 PMCID: PMC7903452 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common complication of long-term use of glucocorticoids (GCs) characterized by the loss of bone mass and damage of the microarchitecture as well as osteoblast dysfunction. Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNA-22 (miR-22) is the negative modulator of osteogenesis that may target caveolin-3 (CAV3), which has been reported to enhance bone formation and inhibit the progression of osteoporosis as well as apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate whether miR-22 may be involved in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and dysfunction by regulating CAV3 expression. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to measure the expression of miR-22 and western blotting was performed to determine protein levels. The results demonstrated that miR-22 expression was upregulated in DEX-treated osteoblastic cells compared with the control group. In addition, miR-22 mimic aggravated, whereas miR-22 inhibitor mitigated DEX-induced damage in osteoblastic cells compared with the control groups. Additionally, CAV3 was identified as the target of miR-22 in osteoblasts using RT-qPCR, western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay analysis. The results also demonstrated that silencing of CAV3 blocked the beneficial effects of miR-22 inhibitor against DEX-induced cell damage and apoptosis in osteoblasts, as evidenced by the increased expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as decreased cell viability and Bcl-2 levels. Collectively, these results indicate a novel molecular mechanism by which miR-22 contributes to DEX-induced osteoblast dysfunction and apoptosis via the miR-22/CAV3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- Clinical Skill Center of Yinchuan First People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zhidong Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Carbamazepine, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line HT-29. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:564-570. [PMID: 31407251 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Colon cancer ranks fourth and is responsible for causing 10% cancer-related mortality in western countries. Its incidence is rising in many countries due to widespread adoption of the Western diet and lifestyle. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a FDA-approved antiepileptic drug and a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic potentials of CBZ in human colon cancer cells (HT-29 cells). METHODS HT-29 cells were treated with 36 and 76 μg/ml of CBZ for 24 h. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was evaluated through dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining. Morphological changes related to apoptosis were evaluated by dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide. Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by rhodamine 123 staining. Immunofluorescence analysis of caspase 3 was done with confocal microscopy. RESULTS CBZ caused significant cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells and the effect was concentration dependent. CBZ treatments also caused significant expression of ROS in HT-29 cells. Dual staining showed early and late apoptotic cells and morphological alterations induced by the CBZ. Confocal microscopic studies confirmed the increased caspase 3 expression in CBZ-treated cells. CONCLUSION CBZ induced apoptosis in HT-29 cell through ROS generation and caspase 3 expression and these results pave the way for further in vivo studies.
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15
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Shanmugapriya A, Kalaiarasi G, Ravi M, Sparkes HA, Kalaivani P, Prabhakaran R. Palladium-mediated C–O bond activation of benzopyrone in 4-oxo-4 H-chromone-3-carbaldehyde-4( N)-substituted thiosemicarbazone: synthesis, structure, nucleic acid/albumin interaction, DNA cleavage, antioxidant and cytotoxic studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Palladium ion-mediated C–O activation at the C2 carbon of the benzopyrone moiety of 3-formylchromone-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazone (HL1–4) has been observed in square-planar palladium(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Shanmugapriya
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - G. Kalaiarasi
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - M. Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-25, India
| | - H. A. Sparkes
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - P. Kalaivani
- Department of Chemistry, Nirmala College for Women, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641018, India
| | - R. Prabhakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
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16
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FGF23 protects osteoblasts from dexamethasone-induced oxidative injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19045-19059. [PMID: 33052883 PMCID: PMC7732311 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) can exert a cytotoxic effect on cultured osteoblasts. The current study explored the potential osteoblast cytoprotective effect of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). In OB-6 human osteoblastic cells and primary murine osteoblasts, FGF23 induced phosphorylation of the receptor FGFR1 and activated the downstream Akt-S6K1 signaling. FGF23-induced FGFR1-Akt-S6K phosphorylation was largely inhibited by FGFR1 shRNA, but augmented with ectopic FGFR1 expression in OB-6 cells. FGF23 attenuated DEX-induced death and apoptosis in OB-6 cells and murine osteoblasts. Its cytoprotective effects were abolished by FGFR1 shRNA, Akt inhibition or Akt1 knockout. Conversely, forced activation of Akt inhibited DEX-induced cytotoxicity in OB-6 cells. Furthermore, FGF23 activated Akt downstream nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling to alleviate DEX-induced oxidative injury. On the contrary, Nrf2 shRNA or knockout almost reversed FGF23-induced osteoblast cytoprotection against DEX. Collectively, FGF23 activates FGFR1-Akt and Nrf2 signaling cascades to protect osteoblasts from DEX-induced oxidative injury and cell death.
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17
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Bar M, Ott SM, Lewiecki EM, Sarafoglou K, Wu JY, Thompson MJ, Vaux JJ, Dean DR, Saag KG, Hashmi SK, Inamoto Y, Dholaria BR, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Nagler A, Rodriguez C, Hamilton BK, Shah N, Flowers MED, Savani BN, Carpenter PA. Bone Health Management After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: An Expert Panel Opinion from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:1784-1802. [PMID: 32653624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone health disturbances commonly occur after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and avascular necrosis (AVN) foremost among them. BMD loss is related to pretransplantation chemotherapy and radiation exposure and immunosuppressive therapy for graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) and results from deficiencies in growth or gonadal hormones, disturbances in calcium and vitamin D homeostasis, as well as osteoblast and osteoclast dysfunction. Although the pathophysiology of AVN remains unclear, high-dose glucocorticoid exposure is the most frequent association. Various societal treatment guidelines for osteoporosis exist, but the focus is mainly on menopausal-associated osteoporosis. HCT survivors comprise a distinct population with unique comorbidities, making general approaches to bone health management inappropriate in some cases. To address a core set of 16 frequently asked questions (FAQs) relevant to bone health in HCT, the American Society of Transplant and Cellular Therapy Committee on Practice Guidelines convened a panel of experts in HCT, adult and pediatric endocrinology, orthopedics, and oral medicine. Owing to a lack of relevant prospective controlled clinical trials that specifically address bone health in HCT, the answers to the FAQs rely on evidence derived from retrospective HCT studies, results extrapolated from prospective studies in non-HCT settings, relevant societal guidelines, and expert panel opinion. Given the heterogenous comorbidities and needs of individual HCT recipients, answers to FAQs in this article should be considered general recommendations, with good medical practice and judgment ultimately dictating care of individual patients. Readers are referred to the Supplementary Material for answers to additional FAQs that did not make the core set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Bar
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Susan M Ott
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - E Michael Lewiecki
- New Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Bone Health TeleECHO, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics & Metabolism, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew J Thompson
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan J Vaux
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David R Dean
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth G Saag
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bhagirathbhai R Dholaria
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, Hematology Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Cesar Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Betty K Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nina Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary E D Flowers
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paul A Carpenter
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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18
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Zhan J, Yan Z, Zhao M, Qi W, Lin J, Lin Z, Huang Y, Pan X, Xue X. Allicin inhibits osteoblast apoptosis and steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:7830-7841. [PMID: 32808945 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00837k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a major complication of long-term or excessive clinical use of glucocorticoids. Allicin is a classical ingredient extracted from garlic and has many functions such as anti-apoptosis and antibacterial effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and the mechanism of allicin on apoptosis of osteoblasts induced by dexamethasone (Dex) and SANFH in rats. In vitro, we performed CCK-8, western blotting, TUNEL and other experiments, and the results of these experiments showed that allicin could inhibit the Dex-induced abnormal expression of C-caspase3, C-caspase9, Bax, cytochrome C and Bcl-2 by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, the results of micro-CT, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis suggested that allicin could effectively inhibit the progress of SANFH in rats. In summary, our experiments indicate that allicin is a potential drug for the treatment of SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdi Zhan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weihui Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China and The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yijiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xinghe Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Murali Iyangar R, Devaraj E. Silibinin Triggers the Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1877-1882. [PMID: 32711410 PMCID: PMC7573425 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Silibinin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid present in seed extracts of milk thistle (Silybum marianum). It has been shown to interact with various cancer-related cell signalling pathways in preclinical models, demonstrating promising anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect of silibinin was evaluated in human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-25) cells by MTT assay. The apoptosis-related morphological changes were investigated by AO/EB dual staining. The cytochrome c, caspases-3, and -9, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and B-cell associated X protein (Bax) gene expressions were analysed by PCR. Results: We have shown that silibinin treatment for 24 h in SCC-25 cells induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic potential was due to the induction of apoptosis via the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and subsequent activation of caspases-3 and -9. Dual staining assay was further confirmed the induction of early apoptosis upon silibinin treatment. Conclusion: The results from this study show that silibinin can be considered as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Murali Iyangar
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ezhilarasan Devaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Abijeth B, Ezhilarasan D. Syringic acid induces apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma cells through mitochondrial pathway. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:40-45. [PMID: 32508446 PMCID: PMC7269318 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_178_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Syringic acid (SA) has long been used as traditional medicine and is known to have antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer effects. Studies regarding the anticancer effect of SA against squamous carcinoma cell (SCC)-25, human oral SCC (OSCC) line has not been studied. Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potentials of SA in SCC-25 cells. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxic effect of SA was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte trazolium bromide assay, using concentrations of 25 and 50 μM/mL for 24 h. At the end of the treatment period, apoptotic markers such as caspase 3 and 9, bcl-2, bax and cytochrome c were evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. SA-induced morphological changes were investigated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining. Results: SA inhibited the proliferation and induced cytotoxicity in SCC-25 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. SA treatment caused apoptosis-related morphological changes as evidenced by the dual staining and the modulation of apoptotic marker gene expressions. SA treatments modulated bcl-2/bax homeostasis and increased the expressions of cytochrome c and caspases 3 and 9. Conclusion: SA specifically induces cell death and inhibits the proliferation in OSCC cells through intrinsic/mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, suggesting that SA may be an effective agent for the treatment of human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskhar Abijeth
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Vairavel M, Devaraj E, Shanmugam R. An eco-friendly synthesis of Enterococcus sp.-mediated gold nanoparticle induces cytotoxicity in human colorectal cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8166-8175. [PMID: 31900772 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have become frequently used materials in biotechnological and biomedical applications including cancer. They can be commonly synthesized by biological and chemical methods. In the present study, we synthesized Enterococcus-mediated AuNPs and evaluated their cytotoxicity in human colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29). AuNPs are synthesized intracellularly using Enterococcus sp. RMAA. Characterization of AuNPs has done using UV spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscope. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression and apoptosis-related morphology were evaluated by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining via fluorescence microscopy. JC-1 staining and caspase 3 immunofluorescence expression were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Enterococcus sp. RMAA-mediated AuNPs are spherical and induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells. AuNP treatments also induced ROS and caspase-3 expressions and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. Morphology related to apoptotic changes was also noticed after AuNP treatments in HT-29 cells. The present study revealed that Enterococcus-derived AuNPs induced apoptotic cell death in HT-29 cells and suggests that AuNPs could be used as a pro apoptotic agent for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathivadani Vairavel
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Ezhilarasan Devaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College (SDC), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
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Zhou P, Xia D, Wang Y, Lv H, Wang Z, Xing M, Zhao Q, Xu S. Matrine derivate MASM protects murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells against dexamethasone-induced apoptosis via the regulation of USP14/p53. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:3720-3728. [PMID: 31523993 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1664563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panyu Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongdi Lv
- Department of Logistics, The Nine Nine Zero Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Henan, China
| | - Ziqin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Armed Police Henan Corps Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- College of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmcy, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuogui Xu
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Halper A, Sanchez B, Hodges JS, Dengel DR, Petryk A, Sarafoglou K. Use of an aromatase inhibitor in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Impact of anastrozole on bone mineral density and visceral adipose tissue. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:124-130. [PMID: 31070802 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has been used off-label in males with short stature to delay bone maturation. No studies have examined anastrozole's effect on bone mineral density (BMD) or body composition in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Our objective was to evaluate anastrozole's effect on BMD and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in children with CAH. DESIGN Total body BMD (TBMD) and L2-L4 BMD Z-scores were adjusted for height-for-age Z-scores (TBMDHAZ and L2-L4HAZ ). Hydrocortisone doses (mg/m2 /d) were averaged over the previous year. Comparison of treated vs not treated with anastrozole used linear regression adjusting for age, pubertal status, sex, CAH type, years on hydrocortisone, BMI Z-scores and bone age Z-scores. PATIENTS We compared 25 children with CAH treated with anastrozole (mean age 11.3 [SD 3.0] years, 56% males) vs 31 children with CAH not treated with anastrozole (13.5 [SD 4.6], 29%). Participants underwent a pubertal exam, bone age X-ray and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. RESULTS Average bone age Z-score of 4.3 SDs on beginning anastrozole decreased to 1.9 SDs at time of DXA exam (P = 0.0004) 5.2 (SD 2.2) years later. TBMD Z-scores (P = 0.51), L2-L4 BMD Z-scores (P = 0.66), VAT (P = 0.38), TBMDHAZ Z-scores (P = 0.66) and L2-L4HAZ Z-scores (P = 0.41) did not differ between children treated vs not treated with anastrozole. CONCLUSION Anastrozole significantly reduced bone age advancement in children with CAH and advanced bone age (>2SDs) without adverse effects on BMD or VAT. Longitudinal studies of anastrozole in children with CAH are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Halper
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Belen Sanchez
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James S Hodges
- University of Minnesota Division of Biostatistics, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Donald R Dengel
- University of Minnesota School of Kinesiology, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Anna Petryk
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Che Y, Sugita N, Yoshihara A, Iwasaki M, Miyazaki H, Nakamura K, Yoshie H. A polymorphism rs6815464 in the macrophage erythroblast attacher gene is associated with low bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women. Gene 2019; 700:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Morsi NM, Nabil Shamma R, Osama Eladawy N, Abdelkhalek AA. Bioactive injectable triple acting thermosensitive hydrogel enriched with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration: in-vitro characterization, Saos-2 cell line cell viability and osteogenic markers evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:787-804. [PMID: 30672348 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1572184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels forming in-situ have gained great attention in the area of bone tissue engineering recently, they were also showed to be a good and less invasive alternative to surgically applied ones. The primal focus of this study was to prepare chitosan-glycerol phosphate thermosensitive hydrogel formed in-situ and loaded with risedronate (bone resorption inhibitor) in an easy way with no requirement of complicated processes or large number of equipment. Then we investigated its effectiveness for bone regeneration. In-situ forming hydrogels were prepared using chitosan cross-linked with glycerol phosphate and loaded with risedronate and nano-hydroxyapatite as bone cement. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by analyzing their gelation time at 37 °C, % porosity, swelling index, in-vitro degradation, rheological properties, and in-vitro drug release. Results showed that the in-situ hydrogels prepared using 2.5% (w/v) chitosan cross-linked with 50% (w/v) glycerol phosphate in the ratio (9:1, v/v) reinforced with 20 mg/mL and nano-hydroxyapatite possessed the most sustained drug release profile. This optimized formulation was further evaluated using DSC and FTIR studies, in addition to their morphological properties using scanning electron microscopy. The effect on Saos-2 cell line viability was evaluated also using MTT assay on the optimized hydrogel formulation in addition to their action on cell proliferation using fluorescence microscope. Moreover, calcium deposition on the hydrogel and alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated. Risedronate-nano-hydroxyapatite loaded hydrogels significantly enhanced the Saos-2 cell proliferation in addition to enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. Such results suggest that risedronate-nano-hydroxyapatite loaded hydrogels present great biocompatibility for bone regeneration. Proliferation of cells, as well as deposition of mineral on the hydrogel, was an evidence of the biocompatible nature of the hydrogel. This hydrogel formed in-situ present a good less invasive alternative for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M Morsi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Rehab Nabil Shamma
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nouran Osama Eladawy
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah A Abdelkhalek
- b Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology of Supplementary General Science , Future University in Egypt , Egypt
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Aneesa NN, Anitha R, Varghese S. Antidiabetic Activity of Ajwain Oil in Different In Vitro Models. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:142-147. [PMID: 31148890 PMCID: PMC6537641 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_128_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Ajwain oil is an essential oil with thymol as its major constituent which is known for many pharmacological activities. Aims: To evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic potential of ajwain oil using different in vitro models. Methods and Material: In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of ajwain oil was carried out by the method of Bernfeld and Shibano et al. 1997 with minor modifications respectively. Cytotoxicity of the ajwain oil was assessed using MTT assay. Glucose uptake potential was assessed in differentiated L6 myotubes using fluorescent tagged 6-NBDG. Results: Ajwain oil showed very good α – amylase inhibitory activity. A maximum inhibition of 88.55 ±0.43 % was achieved at a concentration of 4µL/ml by ajwain oil which was comparable to that of standard acarbose, 90.96 ± 1.81%. The IC50 of the extract was found to be 0.47µL/ml and for acarbose 0.69µL/ml. The maximum in vitro α – glucosidase inhibitory activity was found to be 89 ± 0.72 % and 91.67 ± 1.09% at 4µL/ml for ajwain oil and acarbose. The IC50 of the extract and acarbose were found to be 0.37µL/ml and 0.41µL/ml respectively. Ajwain oil has enhanced glucose uptake in L6 myotubes in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the ajwain oil strongly support its ability to decrease sugar level hence it may be further validated for its use as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilamaideen Noorul Aneesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roy Anitha
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheeja Varghese
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gheena S, Ezhilarasan D. Syringic acid triggers reactive oxygen species–mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:694-702. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119839173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer death in the world and its incidence has dramatically increased worldwide in the past two decades. Syringic acid (SA) has been studied for its hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, free radical scavenging, and antioxidant activities. We aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of SA against human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. HepG2 cells were treated with SA at concentration ranges of 25, 50, and 100 µM for 24 h. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was investigated by dichlorofluorescein staining assay. Morphological changes of SA-treated HepG2 cells were evaluated by acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) dual staining. Apoptotic marker gene expressions were evaluated by qPCR. SA treatment caused significant cytotoxicity and liberation of ROS in HepG2 cells. AO and EB staining showed membrane blebbing and distortion in SA-treated cells. Apoptotic markers such as caspases 3 and 9, cytochrome c, Apaf-1, Bax, and p53 gene expressions were significantly increased upon SA treatment indicating the possibility of apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells. This treatment also caused significant downregulation of Bcl-2 gene expression. SA has a cytotoxic effect on human HepG2 cell line, and this might be a promising agent in anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gheena
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre and Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kamaraj S, Anandakumar P, Jagan S, Ramakrishnan G, Periyasamy P, Asokkumar S, Subramanian R, Devaki T. Hesperidin inhibits cell proliferation and induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer cells through down regulation of β-catenin/c-myc. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Morsi NM, Shamma RN, Eladawy NO, Abdelkhalek AA. Risedronate-Loaded Macroporous Gel Foam Enriched with Nanohydroxyapatite: Preparation, Characterization, and Osteogenic Activity Evaluation Using Saos-2 Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:104. [PMID: 30737611 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of minimally invasive surgical techniques in the field of orthopedic surgery has created a growing need for new injectable synthetic materials that can be used for bone grafting. In this work, novel injectable thermosensitive foam was developed by mixing nHAP powder with a thermosensitive polymer with foaming power (Pluronic F-127) and loaded with a water-soluble bisphosphonate drug (risedronate) to promote osteogenesis. The foam was able to retain the porous structure after injection and set through temperature change of PF-127 solution to form gel inside the body. The effect of different formulation parameters on the gelation time, porosity, foamability, injectability, and in vitro degradation in addition to drug release from the prepared foams were analyzed using a full factorial design. The addition of a co-polymer like methylcellulose or sodium alginate into the foam was also studied. Results showed that the prepared optimized thermosensitive foam was able to gel within 1 min at 37°C, and sustain the release of drug for 72 h. The optimized formulation was further tested for any interactions using DSC and IR, and revealed no interactions between the drug and the used excipients in the prepared foam. Furthermore, the ability of the pre-set foam to support osteoblastic-like Saos-2-cell proliferation and differentiation was assessed, and revealed superior function on promoting cellular proliferation as confirmed by fluorescence microscope compared to the plain drug solution. The activity of the foam treated cells was also assessed by measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition, and confirmed that the cellular activity was greatly enhanced in foam treated cells compared to those treated with the plain drug solution only. The obtained results show that the prepared risedronate-loaded thermosensitive foam would represent a step forward in the design of new materials for minimally invasive bone regeneration.
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Maged A, Abdelkhalek AA, Mahmoud AA, Salah S, Ammar MM, Ghorab MM. Mesenchymal stem cells associated with chitosan scaffolds loaded with rosuvastatin to improve wound healing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 127:185-198. [PMID: 30412769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study we explored the role of rosuvastatin calcium in skin regeneration as statins play important role in the field of tissue engineering. Chitosan hydrochloride was crosslinked with different weight ratios of collagen, β-glycerolphosphate and carboxymethyl cellulose to produce scaffolds by lyophilization technique. Subsequently, the fabricated scaffolds were examined for their morphology, water absorption capacity, water retention, friability and in-vitro drug release as well as in-vivo studies. The results revealed porous 3-D structured scaffolds with maximum water absorption values-ranging between 396 and 2993%. Scaffolds containing carboxymethyl cellulose revealed highest water absorption-values. In-vitro drug release results showed gradual drug release for 60 h with mean dissolution time-values (MDT) between 13 and 21 h. Combination of chitosan, collagen, carboxymethyl cellulose in weight ratio of 40:30:30, respectively achieved gradual disintegration of the scaffold in a simulating medium to an open wound after 4 days. This selected scaffold loaded with rosuvastatin revealed increase proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts compared to placebo scaffold. After 30 days of implantation of selected medicated scaffold loaded with/without mesenchymal stem cells and placebo scaffolds to induced wounds in Albino rats, enhanced skin regeneration and absence of scar formation for drug loaded scaffolds were observed. The histopathological study showed the advantage of stem cells-loaded scaffolds through the normal redistribution of collagen in the epidermal layer. In conclusion, rosuvastatin calcium and stem cells loaded in the tested scaffolds proved their potential effect in enhancing skin healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Maged
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abdelfattah A Abdelkhalek
- Department of Microbiology of Supplementary General Science, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa Salah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Ammar
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Ghorab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Halper A, Sanchez B, Hodges JS, Kelly AS, Dengel D, Nathan BM, Petryk A, Sarafoglou K. Bone mineral density and body composition in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:813-819. [PMID: 29460378 PMCID: PMC5980722 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are exposed to fluctuating cortisol and androgen levels. The effects these hormonal states have on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition are not well studied. The study's objective was to compare BMD and body composition, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and Android:Gynoid (A:G) ratio, in children with CAH vs healthy age-matched, sex-matched and BMI-matched controls. DESIGN Total body BMD (TBMD) Z-scores were adjusted for height-for-age Z-scores (TBMDHAZ). Hydrocortisone dose (mg/m2/d) was averaged over the past year. Bone age Z-scores were used as a surrogate for long-term androgen exposure in cases. Statistical analyses comparing cases and controls accounted for matched groups using mixed linear models. PATIENTS Forty-two cases with CAH (average age 12.3 years [SE 3]; 17 males) and 101 controls underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. RESULTS Children with CAH had lower TBMD (0.81 vs 1.27, P = .003) and TBMDHAZ Z-scores (-0.51 vs -0.01, P = .001) than controls. In CAH cases, TBMD and TBMDHAZ Z-scores were positively correlated with bone age Z-scores (r = .63, P < .0001; r = .51, P = .001, respectively) but were not associated with HC dose. VAT and the A:G ratio did not differ significantly between children with CAH and controls and neither was associated with HC dose.VAT was not associated with bone age Z-score. CONCLUSION Lower BMD was observed in CAH cases compared with controls although no differences in body composition were identified. Among CAH cases, increased chronic androgen exposure, as measured by bone age Z-scores, was associated with higher BMD but was not associated with VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Halper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Belen Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James S. Hodges
- University of Minnesota Division of Biostatistics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron S. Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donald Dengel
- University of Minnesota School of Kinesiology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brandon M. Nathan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Petryk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Fan JB, Liu W, Zhu XH, Yi H, Cui SY, Zhao JN, Cui ZM. microRNA-25 targets PKCζ and protects osteoblastic cells from dexamethasone via activating AMPK signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3226-3236. [PMID: 27911275 PMCID: PMC5356877 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation could protect osteoblasts from dexamethasone (Dex). This study aims to provoke AMPK activation via microRNA downregulation of its negative regulator protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ). Results show that microRNA-25-5p (miR-25-5p) targets PKCζ's 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs). Forced-expression of miR-25 downregulated PKCζ and activated AMPK in human osteoblastic cells (OB-6 and hFOB1.19 lines), which thereafter protected cells from Dex. Reversely, expression of antagomiR-25, the miR-25 inhibitor, upregulated PKCζ and inhibited AMPK activation, exacerbating Dex damages. Notably, PKCζ shRNA knockdown similarly activated AMPK and protected osteoblastic cells from Dex. AMPK activation was required for miR-25-induced osteoblastic cell protection. AMPKα shRNA or dominant negative mutation almost completely blocked miR-25-induced cytoprotection against Dex. Further studies showed that miR-25 expression increased NADPH activity and suppressed Dex-induced oxidative stress in osteoblastic cells. Such effects by miR-25 were abolished with AMPKα knockdown or mutation. Significantly, miR-25-5p level was increased in patients’ necrotic femoral head tissues, which was correlated with PKCζ downregulation and AMPK hyper-activation. These results suggest that miR-25-5p targets PKCζ and protects osteoblastic cells from Dex possibly via activating AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yu Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
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Fan JB, Ruan JW, Liu W, Zhu LQ, Zhu XH, Yi H, Cui SY, Zhao JN, Cui ZM. miR-135b expression downregulates Ppm1e to activate AMPK signaling and protect osteoblastic cells from dexamethasone. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70613-70622. [PMID: 27661114 PMCID: PMC5342578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could potently protect osteoblasts/osteoblastic cells from dexamethasone (Dex). We aim to induce AMPK activation via microRNA ("miRNA") downregulation of its phosphatase Ppm1e. We discovered that microRNA-135b ("miR-135b") targets the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of Ppm1e. In human osteoblasticOB-6 cells and hFOB1.19 cells, forced-expression of miR-135b downregulated Ppm1e and activated AMPK signaling. miR-135b also protected osteoblastic cells from Dex. shRNA-induced knockdown of Ppm1e similarly activated AMPK and inhibited Dex-induced damages. Intriguingly, in the Ppm1e-silenced osteoblastic cells, miR-135b expression failed to offer further cytoprotection against Dex. Notably, AMPK knockdown (via shRNA) or dominant negative mutation abolished miR-135b-induced AMPK activation and cytoprotection against Dex. Molecularly, miR-135b, via activating AMPK, increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) activity and inhibited Dex-induced oxidative stress. At last, we found that miR-135b level was increased in human necrotic femoral head tissues, which was correlated with Ppm1e downregulation and AMPK activation. There results suggest that miR-135b expression downregulates Ppm1e to activate AMPK signaling, which protects osteoblastic cells from Dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Fan
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian-Wei Ruan
- The Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lun-Qing Zhu
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Childrens' Bone Disease, Childrens' Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhu
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yu Cui
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Cui
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC), produced and released by the adrenal glands, regulate numerous physiological processes in a wide range of tissues. Because of their profound immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, GC are extensively used for the treatment of immune and inflammatory conditions, the management of organ transplantation, and as a component of chemotherapy regimens for cancers. However, both pathologic endogenous elevation and long-term use of exogenous GC are associated with severe adverse effects. In particular, excess GC has devastating effects on the musculoskeletal system. GC increase bone resorption and decrease formation leading to bone loss, microarchitectural deterioration and fracture. GC also induce loss of muscle mass and strength leading to an increased incidence of falls. The combined effects on bone and muscle account for the increased fracture risk with GC. This review summarizes the advance in knowledge in the last two decades about the mechanisms of action of GC in bone and muscle and the attempts to interfere with the damaging actions of GC in these tissues with the goal of developing more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
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Shanmugapriya A, Dallemer F, Prabhakaran R. Synthesis, characterisation, crystal structures and biological studies of palladium(ii) complexes containing 5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,4-dihydro[1,2,4]triazole-3-thione derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03714k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New structurally different palladium(ii) complexes have been synthesized and characterized and evaluated for their cytotoxic nature against human breast cancer cell line (MCF 7) which showed significant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Shanmugapriya
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore 641 046
- India
| | - F. Dallemer
- Lab MADIREL CNRS UMR 7246, Aix Marseille University
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - R. Prabhakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore 641 046
- India
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Ashwini S, Anitha R. Antihyperglycemic Activity of Caralluma fimbriata: An In vitro Approach. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S499-S504. [PMID: 29142405 PMCID: PMC5669088 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_59_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An increase in prevalence of diabetes mellitus necessitates the need to develop new drugs for its effective management. Plants and their bioactive compounds are found to be an alternative therapeutic approach. Caralluma fimbriata, used in this study, is well known for its various biological effects. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of C. fimbriata. Materials and Methods: Different concentrations (1–1000 mg/mL) of the ethanolic leaf extract of C. fimbriata were subjected to alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assay with acarbose as control. Cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Glucose uptake assay was performed on L6 myotubes using the extract in 1 μg–100 μg/mL, using metformin and insulin as control. Results: The C. fimbriata extract showed potent inhibitory activity on enzymes of glucose metabolism in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum alpha-amylase inhibitory effect was 77.37% ± 3.23% at 1000 μg/mL with an IC50 value of 41.75 μg/mL and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect was 83.05% ± 1.69% at 1000 μg/mL with an IC50 value of 66.71 μg/mL. The maximum glucose uptake was found to be 66.32% ± 0.29% for the Caralluma extract at 100 μg/mL and that of metformin (10 μg/mL) was 74.44% ± 1.72% and insulin (10 mM) 85.55% ± 1.14%. The extract was found to be safe as the IC50 of extract and metformin was found to be ≥1000 μg/mL and ≥1000 μM, respectively, in the cell line tested. Conclusion: The study concludes that C. fimbriata has promising antihyperglycemic activity. SUMMARY Caralluma fimbriata extract exhibited effective dose dependent inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase and alpha- glucosidase Enhanced glucose uptake from L6 myotubes was appreciated in the presence of the extract, comparable to Insulin and metformin Caralluma fimbriata has potent antihyperglycemic properties.
Abbreviations used: GLUT: Glucose transporter; MTT: 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenai Ashwini
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roy Anitha
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lakshmi T, Ezhilarasan D, Nagaich U, Vijayaragavan R. Acacia catechu Ethanolic Seed Extract Triggers Apoptosis of SCC-25 Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S405-S411. [PMID: 29142391 PMCID: PMC5669074 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_458_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acacia catechu Willd (Fabaceae), commonly known as catechu, cachou, and black cutch, has been studied for its hepatoprotective, antipyretic, antidiarrheal, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging, and antioxidant activities. Objective: We evaluated the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of A. catechu seed (ACS) against SCC-25 human oral squamous carcinoma cell line. Methods: Cytotoxic effect of ACS extract was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, using concentrations of 0.1–1000 μg/mL for 24 h. A. catechu ethanol seed extract was treated SCC-25 cells with 25 and 50 μg/mL. At the end of treatment period, apoptotic marker gene expressions such as caspase 8, 9, Bcl-2, Bax, and cytochrome c were evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Morphological changes of ACS treated SCC-25 cells was evaluated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining. Nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation was evaluated by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: A. catechu ethanol seed extract treatment caused cytotoxicity in SCC-25 cells with an IC50 value of 100 μg/mL. Apoptotic markers caspases 8 and 9, cytochrome c, Bax gene expressions were significantly increased upon ACS extract treatment indicate the apoptosis induction in SCC-25 cells. This treatment also caused significant downregulation of Bcl-2 gene expression. Staining with AO/EB and PI shows membrane blebbing, and nuclear membrane distortion further confirms the apoptosis induction by ACS treatment in SCC-25 cells. Conclusion: The ethanol seed extracts of A. catechu was found to be cytotoxic at lower concentrations and induced apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma SCC-25 cells. SUMMARY Acacia catechu ethanolic seed extract contains phytochemicals such as epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin Acacia catechu seed (ACS) extract significantly (P < 0.001) inhibits the active proliferation of human oral squamous carcinoma (SCC-25) cells ACS extract treatment to SCC-25 cells significantly modulated the gene expressions pertaining to apoptosis and propidium iodide and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining also confirm the apoptosis induction Antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing activities of ACS extract is correlated with phytochemical contents.
Abbreviations used: ACS: Acacia catechu seed extract; MTT: 3 (4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; AO/EO: Acridine orange/ethidium bromide; LC MS: Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Centre for Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Elkasabgy NA, Mahmoud AA, Shamma RN. Determination of cytocompatibility and osteogenesis properties of in situ forming collagen-based scaffolds loaded with bone synthesizing drug for bone tissue engineering. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1354195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Adel Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Ahmed Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Nabil Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt
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Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, DNA/BSA binding, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity studies of phenanthroline based copper(II)/zinc(II) complexes. Biometals 2017; 30:575-587. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Mostafa AA, El-Sayed MMH, Mahmoud AA, Gamal-Eldeen AM. Bioactive/Natural Polymeric Scaffolds Loaded with Ciprofloxacin for Treatment of Osteomyelitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1056-1069. [PMID: 27520562 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Local delivery of antibiotic into injured bone is a demand. In this work, different scaffolds of chitosan (C) with or without bioactive glass (G) were prepared using the freeze-drying technique in 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 weight ratios. Chitosan scaffolds and selected formulas of chitosan to bioglass were loaded with ciprofloxacin in 5%, 10%, and 20% w/w. Scaffold morphology showed an interconnected porous structure, where the glass particles were homogeneously dispersed in the chitosan matrix. The kinetic study confirmed that the scaffold containing 1:2 weight ratio of chitosan to glass (CG12) showed optimal bioactivity with good compromise between Ca and P uptake capacities and Si release rate. Chitosan/bioactive glass scaffolds showed larger t 50 values indicating less burst drug release followed by a sustained drug release profile compared to that of chitosan scaffolds. The cell growth, migration, adhesion, and invasion were enhanced onto CG12 scaffold surfaces. Samples of CG12 scaffolds with or without 5% drug induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while those containing 10% drug diminished VEGF level. Only CG12 induced the cell differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity). In conclusion, CG12 containing 5% drug can be considered a biocompatible carrier which would help in the localized osteomyelitis treatment.
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41
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Lakshmi T, Ezhilarasan D, Vijayaragavan R, Bhullar SK, Rajendran R. Acacia catechu ethanolic bark extract induces apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2017; 8:143-149. [PMID: 29184846 PMCID: PMC5680622 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_73_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is in approximately 30% of all cancers in India. This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract of Acacia catechu bark (ACB) against human squamous cell carcinoma cell line-25 (SCC-25). Cytotoxic effect of ACB extract was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay. A. catechu extract was treated SCC-25 cells with 25 and 50 μg/mL for 24 h. Apoptosis markers such as caspases-8 and 9, bcl-2, bax, and cytochrome c (Cyt-c) were done by RT-PCR. Morphological changes of ACB treated cells were evaluated using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining. Nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation were evaluated using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Further, cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. A. catechu treatment caused cytotoxicity in SCC-25 cells with an IC50 of 52.09 μg/mL. Apoptotic marker gene expressions were significantly increased on ACB treatment. Staining with AO/EB and PI shows membrane blebbing and nuclear membrane distortion, respectively, and it confirms the apoptosis induction in SCC-25 cells. These results suggest that ACB extract can be used as a modulating agent in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Ramasamy Rajendran
- Green Chem Herbal Extracts and Formulations, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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42
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Nanjundan N, Narayanasamy R, Butcher RJ, Jasinski JP, Velmurugan K, Nandhakumar R, Balakumaran MD, Kalaichelvan PT, Gnanasoundari VG. Synthesis, crystal structure, biomolecular interactions and anticancer properties of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes bearing S-allyldithiocarbazate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Wang Q, Yang L, Wu J, Wang H, Song J, Tang X. Four mononuclear platinum(II) complexes: synthesis, DNA/BSA binding, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity. Biometals 2016; 30:17-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Cell Death in Chondrocytes, Osteoblasts, and Osteocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122045. [PMID: 27929439 PMCID: PMC5187845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death in skeletal component cells, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, plays roles in skeletal development, maintenance, and repair as well as in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are important steps for endochondral ossification. Although the inactivation of P53 and RB is involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcomas, the deletion of p53 and inactivation of Rb are insufficient to enhance chondrocyte proliferation, indicating the presence of multiple inhibitory mechanisms against sarcomagenesis in chondrocytes. The inflammatory processes induced by mechanical injury and chondrocyte death through the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The overexpression of BCLXL increases bone volume with a normal structure and maintains bone during aging by inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis. p53 inhibits osteoblast proliferation and enhances osteoblast apoptosis, thereby reducing bone formation, but also exerts positive effects on osteoblast differentiation through the Akt–FoxOs pathway. Apoptotic osteocytes release ATP, which induces the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (Rankl) expression and osteoclastogenesis, from pannexin 1 channels. Osteocyte death ultimately results in necrosis; DAMPs are released to the bone surface and promote the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which induce Rankl expression, and osteoclastogenesis is further enhanced.
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45
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Yuan R, Ma S, Zhu X, Li J, Liang Y, Liu T, Zhu Y, Zhang B, Tan S, Guo H, Guan S, Ao P, Zhou G. Core level regulatory network of osteoblast as molecular mechanism for osteoporosis and treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3692-701. [PMID: 26783964 PMCID: PMC4826162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop and evaluate the long-term prophylactic treatment for chronic diseases such as osteoporosis requires a clear view of mechanism at the molecular and systems level. While molecular signaling pathway studies for osteoporosis are extensive, a unifying mechanism is missing. In this work, we provide experimental and systems-biology evidences that a tightly connected top-level regulatory network may exist, which governs the normal and osteoporotic phenotypes of osteoblast. Specifically, we constructed a hub-like interaction network from well-documented cross-talks among estrogens, glucocorticoids, retinoic acids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, vitamin D receptor and calcium-signaling pathways. The network was verified with transmission electron microscopy and gene expression profiling for bone tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) rats before and after strontium gluconate (GluSr) treatment. Based on both the network structure and the experimental data, the dynamical modeling predicts calcium and glucocorticoids signaling pathways as targets for GluSr treatment. Modeling results further reveal that in the context of missing estrogen signaling, the GluSr treated state may be an outcome that is closest to the healthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfei Ma
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jun Li
- The Center for Anti-Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhong Liang
- The Center for Anti-Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Liu
- The Center for Anti-Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanxia Zhu
- The Center for Anti-Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- The Center for Anti-Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang Tan
- The Center for Anti-Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huajie Guo
- The Center for Anti-Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuguang Guan
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- The Center for Anti-Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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46
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Wang Q, Yang L, Ding H, Chen X, Wang H, Tang X. Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, DNA/protein binding and cytotoxicity studies of five α-aminophosphonate N-derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2016; 69:132-139. [PMID: 27816796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Five new α-aminophosphonates are synthesized and characterized by EA, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, ESI-MS and X-ray crystallography. The X-ray analyses reveal that the crystal structures of 1-5 are monoclinic or triclinic system with the space group P 21/c, P-1, P-1, P2(1)/c and P-1, respectively. All P atoms of 1-5 have tetrahedral geometries involving two O-ethyl groups, one Cα atom, and a double bond O atom. The binding interaction of five new α-aminophosphonate N-derivatives (1-5) with calf thymus(CT)-DNA have been investigated by UV-visible and fluorescence emission spectrometry. The apparent binding constant (Kapp) values follows the order: 1 (3.38×105M-1)>2 (3.04×105M-1)>4 (2.52×105M-1)>5 (2.32×105M-1)>3 (2.10×105M-1), suggesting moderate intercalative binding mode between the compounds and DNA. In addition, fluorescence spectrometry of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the compounds 1-5 showed that the quenching mechanism might be a static quenching procedure. For the compounds 1-5, the number of binding sites were about one for BSA and the binding constants follow the order: 1 (2.72×104M-1)>2 (2.27×104M-1)>4 (2.08×104M-1)>5 (1.79×104M-1)>3 (1.17×104M-1). Moreover, the DNA cleavage abilities of 1 exhibit remarkable changes and the in vitro cytotoxicity of 1 on tumor cells lines (MCF-7, HepG2 and HT29) have been examined by MTT and shown antitumor effect on the tested cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanrong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, People's Republic of China.
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OSU53 Rescues Human OB-6 Osteoblastic Cells from Dexamethasone through Activating AMPK Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162694. [PMID: 27632213 PMCID: PMC5025189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive dexamethasone (Dex) application causes osteoblast cell death, which could lead to osteoporosis or osteonecrosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is shown to protect osteoblasts/osteoblastic cells from Dex. In this report, we tested the potential effect of OSU53, a novel AMPK activator, in Dex-treated osteoblastic cells. We show that OSU53 activated AMPK signaling in human OB-6 osteoblastic cells. Further, Dex-induced osteoblastic OB-6 cell death and apoptosis were largely attenuated with pre-treatment with OSU53. OSU53 was more efficient than other known AMPK activators (A-769662 and Compound 13) in protecting OB-6 cells against Dex. AMPK activation is required for OSU53-induced actions in OB-6 cells. AMPKα shRNA knockdown or dominant-negative mutation (dn-AMPKα T172A) almost completely blocked OSU53-induced AMPK activation and OB-6 cell protection against Dex. Further studies showed that OSU53 increased NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) activity and alleviated Dex-induced oxidative stress in OB-6 cells. Such effects by OSU53 were again almost abolished with AMPKα shRNA or dn-AMPKα in OB-6 cells. Together, these results demonstrate that OSU53 protects osteoblastic cells from Dex possibly via activating AMPK-dependent signaling.
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48
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Synthesis, structure information, DNA/BSA binding affinity and in vitro cytotoxic studies of mixed ligand copper(II) complexes containing a phenylalanine derivative and diimine co-ligands. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:278-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moriishi T, Fukuyama R, Miyazaki T, Furuichi T, Ito M, Komori T. Overexpression of BCLXL in Osteoblasts Inhibits Osteoblast Apoptosis and Increases Bone Volume and Strength. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1366-80. [PMID: 26852895 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl2 family proteins, Bcl2 and BclXL, suppress apoptosis by preventing the release of caspase activators from mitochondria through the inhibition of Bax subfamily proteins. We reported that BCL2 overexpression in osteoblasts using the 2.3 kb Col1a1 promoter increased osteoblast proliferation, failed to reduce osteoblast apoptosis, inhibited osteoblast maturation, and reduced the number of osteocyte processes, leading to massive osteocyte death. We generated BCLXL (BCL2L1) transgenic mice using the same promoter to investigate BCLXL functions in bone development and maintenance. Bone mineral density in the trabecular bone of femurs was increased, whereas that in the cortical bone was similar to that in wild-type mice. Osteocyte process formation was unaffected and bone structures were similar to those in wild-type mice. A micro-CT analysis showed that trabecular bone volume in femurs and vertebrae and the cortical thickness of femurs were increased. A dynamic bone histomorphometric analysis revealed that the mineralizing surface was larger in trabecular bone, and the bone-formation rate was increased in cortical bone. Serum osteocalcin but not TRAP5b was increased, BrdU-positive osteoblastic cell numbers were increased, TUNEL-positive osteoblastic cell numbers were reduced, and osteoblast marker gene expression was enhanced in BCLXL transgenic mice. The three-point bending test indicated that femurs were stronger in BCLXL transgenic mice than in wild-type mice. The frequency of TUNEL-positive primary osteoblasts was lower in BCLXL transgenic mice than in wild-type mice during cultivation, and osteoblast differentiation was enhanced but depended on cell density, indicating that enhanced differentiation was mainly owing to reduced apoptosis. Increased trabecular and cortical bone volumes were maintained during aging in male and female mice. These results indicate that BCLXL overexpression in osteoblasts increased the trabecular and cortical bone volumes with normal structures and maintained them majorly by preventing osteoblast apoptosis, implicating BCLXL as a therapeutic target of osteoporosis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Moriishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Furuichi
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masako Ito
- Center for Diversity and Inclusion, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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50
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Lee SH, Oh KN, Han Y, Choi YH, Lee KY. Estrogen Receptor α Regulates Dlx3-Mediated Osteoblast Differentiation. Mol Cells 2016; 39:156-62. [PMID: 26674964 PMCID: PMC4757804 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ER-α), which is involved in bone metabolism and breast cancer, has been shown to have transcriptional targets. Dlx3 is essential for the skeletal development and plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation. Various osteogenic stimulators and transcription factors can induce the protein expression of Dlx3. However, the regulatory function of ER-α in the Dlx3 mediated osteogenic process remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of Dlx3 and found that ER-α is a positive regulator of Dlx3 transcription in BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation. We also found that ER-α interacts with Dlx3 and increases its transcriptional activity and DNA binding affinity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the regulation of Dlx3 activity by ER-α is independent of the ligand (estradiol) binding domain. These results indicate that Dlx3 is a novel target of ER-α, and that ER-α regulates the osteoblast differentiation through modulation of Dlx3 expression and/or interaction with Dlx3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
| | - Kyo-Nyeo Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
| | - Younho Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
| | - You Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
| | - Kwang-Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
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