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Ma J, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhao M, Zhu W, Du X, Hao C. Hsa_circ_0043533 modulates apoptosis and viability of granulosa cells via miR-409-3p/BCL2 and EMT signalling in PCOS: Providing novel perspective of metformin. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100955. [PMID: 39342687 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a significant cause of infertility among women of reproductive age. Studies have established a close association between granulosa cells (GCs) and the abnormal follicle formation and ovulation processes characteristic of PCOS. The interactions among hsa_circ_0043533, miR-409-3p, and BCL2 were verified through luciferase activity assays. In PCOS patients, granulosa cells exhibit notably reduced apoptosis but enhanced growth, leading to their accumulation and the development of polycystic ovaries. The involvement of non-coding RNAs in PCOS has been documented, with elevated levels of hsa_circ_0043533 observed in this condition. A comprehensive series of experiments were conducted to explore the role of hsa_circ_0043533 in PCOS and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Silencing hsa_circ_0043533 was found to promote apoptosis and hinder the migration, proliferation, and viability of KGN cells. Furthermore, we uncovered the regulatory effects of hsa_circ_0043533 on the miR-409-3p/BCL2 axis and key markers of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Additionally, it was observed that metformin modulates the hsa_circ_0043533/miR-409-3p/BCL2 axis. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis in PCOS, further elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, 266073 Qingdao, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, 221009 Xuzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200135 Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Qingdao Woman and Children's Hospital, 266034 Qingdao, China
| | - Mingzi Zhao
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, 266073 Qingdao, China
| | - Wenqian Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, 256603 Binzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Qingdao Woman and Children's Hospital, 266034 Qingdao, China
| | - Cuifang Hao
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Qingdao Woman and Children's Hospital, 266034 Qingdao, China.
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Dong S, Liu Y, Yang Z. Transcription factor YY1 adversely governs ovarian granulosa cell growth in PCOS by transcription activation-mediated CDKN1C upregulation. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:171. [PMID: 39317806 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease in women of childbearing age, making it imperative to explore more biomarkers for PCOS. Furthermore, previous studies have reported that cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1 C (CDKN1C) might be associated with PCOS progression. However, the molecular mechanism of CDKN1C involved in PCOS is poorly defined. METHODS CDKN1C and Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) expression levels were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assay. Cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell apoptosis were analyzed using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and flow cytometry assays. Caspase 3 activity was examined using a commercial kit. Binding between YY1 and CDKN1C promoter was predicted by JASPAR and verified using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS CDKN1C and YY1 were highly expressed in PCOS granulosa cells (GCs). Furthermore, CDKN1C silencing could promote cell proliferation and cell cycle process and repress cell apoptosis in human ovarian granulosa cell line KGN cells. For mechanistic analysis, YY1 is directly bound to the promoter of CDKN1C and transcriptional-regulated CDKN1C expression. CONCLUSION YY1-activated CDKN1C might block KGN cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis, providing a possible therapeutic target for PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Dong
- Department of Reproductve Medical, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149, Dalian Road, Huichuan Distyrict, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Youbin Liu
- Department of Reproductve Medical, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149, Dalian Road, Huichuan Distyrict, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Department of Reproductve Medical, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149, Dalian Road, Huichuan Distyrict, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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Zhou W, Lian Y, Chen J, Zhang T, Zhang W, Huang R, Yang M, Yan X, Chen Q. LncRNA PKD1P6 modulates ovarian granulosa cell survival of hyperandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome by targeting miR-135b-5p and inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36321. [PMID: 39253226 PMCID: PMC11382076 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common and multifactorial endocrine disease among women of reproductive age. Aberrant folliculogenesis is a common pathological characteristic of PCOS, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Emerging evidence indicated that aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS. In this study, we found that lncRNA PKD1P6 expression was remarkably down-regulated in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of hyperandrogenic PCOS (HA-PCOS) patients and negatively correlated with serum testosterone (T) levels. We further showed that overexpression of PKD1P6 markedly reduced cell viability, attenuated DNA synthesis capacity, arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and promoted apoptosis of KGN cells. Exosomes derived from PKD1P6 overexpression cells exerted similar effects to PKD1P6 overexpression on the function of KGN cells. Mechanistically, PKD1P6 could act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by directly binding with miR-135b-5p. Overexpression of PKD1P6 significantly suppressed ERK1/2 activation, whereas up-regulation of miR-135b-5p exerted an opposing effect. Additionally, excessive androgen was showed to diminish PKD1P6 expression while promote miR-135b-5p expression of PCOS models in vitro and vivo. Collectively, our findings delineate the clinical significance of PKD1P6 in HA-PCOS and the new regulatory mechanisms involved in abnormal folliculogenesis, providing a promising therapeutic target for HA-PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yikai Lian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ruofan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qionghua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Cheng F, Wang J, Wang R, Pan R, Cui Z, Wang L, Wang L, Yang X. FGF2 promotes the proliferation of injured granulosa cells in premature ovarian failure via Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 589:112248. [PMID: 38663484 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Young women undergoing anticancer treatment are at risk of premature ovarian failure (POF). Endometrial-derived stem cells (EnSCs) have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential for treating ovarian insufficiency, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. This study aims to further investigate the therapeutic effects of EnSCs, particularly through the paracrine action of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), on POF. The findings show that exogenous FGF2 enhances the survival of ovarian granulosa cells damaged by cisplatin. FGF2 stimulates the proliferation of these damaged cells by suppressing the Hippo signaling pathway and activating YAP expression. In vivo experiments also revealed that FGF2 treatment significantly improves ovarian reserve and endocrine function in mice with POF. These results suggest that FGF2 can boost the proliferative capacity of damaged ovarian granulosa cells through the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, providing a theoretical foundation for using EnSCs and FGF2 in clinical treatments for POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Rongli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Rumeng Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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Zhang H, Fang J, Liu Y, Zhu W, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Shen W, Li D, Hao C. Hsa_circ_0043532 contributes to PCOS through upregulation of CYP19A1 by acting as a ceRNA for hsa-miR-1270. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:151. [PMID: 39039600 PMCID: PMC11265019 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) accounts for about 75% of anovulatory infertility. The cause of PCOS is not clear. CircRNAs acting as miRNA sponges mediate the post-transcriptional regulation of multiple genes. CYP19A1 is a limiting enzyme in the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. However, the mechanism of circRNAs regulating granulosa cell (GC) estradiol secretion in PCOS remains to be elucidated. METHODS Bioinformatics was used to predict the potential target miRNAs of circ_0043532 and target genes of miR-1270. Target miRNAs and mRNA expression were verified by qRT-PCR in GCs from 45 women with PCOS and 65 non-PCOS. Western blot, ELISA and dual-luciferase reporter assays were applied to confirm the substrate of miR-1270. RESULTS Circ_0043532 and CYP19A1 were significant up-regulation in GCs from patients with PCOS. The predicted target miRNAs of circ_0053432, miR-1270, miR-576-5p, miR-421 and miR-142-5p, were notably decreased in GCs from patients with PCOS. Mechanistic experiments showed that circ_0043532 specifically binds to miR-1270. MiR-1270 was negatively regulated by circ_0043532. Concomitantly, miR-1270 inhibited CYP19A1 expression and estradiol production, which could be reversed by circ_0043532 over-expression. CONCLUSION We identified that circ_0043532/miR-1270/CYP19A1 axis contributes to the aberrant steroidogenesis of GCs from patients with PCOS. This study broadens the spectrum of pathogenic factors of PCOS, and circ_0043532 might be a potential therapeutic target for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Branch of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Qingdao, China
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianye Fang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Branch of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenqian Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yangying Xu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Branch of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Qingdao, China
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Branch of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Qingdao, China
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Duan Li
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Branch of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Qingdao, China
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuifang Hao
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Branch of Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Qingdao, China.
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Wang W, Tan L, Ge L, Gou R, Gou L, Liu L, Zhang L, Ma X. Circ_0043314 Modulates Proliferation and Apoptosis of Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome via the MicroRNA-146b-3p/Apelin 13 Axis. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39008951 DOI: 10.1159/000540097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women. At present, the pathogenesis has not been clarified, and the clinical application of drugs and lifestyle intervention may not prevent disease progression. This study aimed to investigate how circ_0043314 regulates ovarian granulosa cell biological functions to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of patients with PCOS. MicroRNA (miR)-146b-3p/Apelin 13 axis was used to investigate the mechanism by which circ_0043314 regulated ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis in PCOS via miR-146b-3p/Apelin 13 axis. Participants/Materials, Methods: Ovarian tissues (cortical tissues) from 35 PCOS patients and 35 normal controls, as well as HEK293T and human ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN, COV434), were included in this study. We examined the expression levels of circ_0043314, miR-146b-3p, and Apelin 13 in PCOS tissues. Ovarian granulosa cells were transfected with corresponding plasmids to clarify the influence of circ_0043314, miR-146b-3p, or Apelin 13 on proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells through MTT and flow cytometry assays. Moreover, the relationships among circ_0043314, miR-146b-3p, and Apelin 13 were analyzed through dual-luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Circ_0043314 and Apelin 13 were highly expressed and miR-146b-3p was lowly expressed in ovarian tissues of PCOS compared with non-PCOS controls. Downregulation of circ_0043314 or upregulation of miR-146b-3p hindered ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and advanced its apoptosis. Downregulation of miR-146b-3p reversed the impacts of downregulation of circ_0043314, and overexpression of Apelin 13 counteracted the influences of upregulation of miR-146b-3p in ovarian granulosa cells. Mechanically, circ_0043314 could bind to miR-146b-3p, and miR-146b-3p directly targeted and modulated Apelin 13 expression. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by the lack of animal experiments. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that circ_0043314 enhances ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and suppresses its apoptosis via miR-146b-3p/Apelin 13 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Luni Tan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Province Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Gou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Gou
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang KH, Zhang FF, Zhang ZL, Fang KF, Sun WX, Kong N, Wu M, Liu HO, Liu Y, Li Z, Cai QQ, Wang Y, Wei QW, Lin PC, Lin Y, Xu W, Xu CJ, Yuan YY, Zhao SM. Follicle stimulating hormone controls granulosa cell glutamine synthesis to regulate ovulation. Protein Cell 2024; 15:512-529. [PMID: 38167949 PMCID: PMC11214834 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Inadequate understanding of the ovulation drivers hinders PCOS intervention. Herein, we report that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controls follicular fluid (FF) glutamine levels to determine ovulation. Murine ovulation starts from FF-exposing granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. FF glutamine, which decreases in pre-ovulation porcine FF, elevates in PCOS patients FF. High-glutamine chow to elevate FF glutamine inhibits mouse GC apoptosis and induces hormonal, metabolic, and morphologic PCOS traits. Mechanistically, follicle-development-driving FSH promotes GC glutamine synthesis to elevate FF glutamine, which maintain follicle wall integrity by inhibiting GC apoptosis through inactivating ASK1-JNK apoptotic pathway. FSH and glutamine inhibit the rapture of cultured murine follicles. Glutamine removal or ASK1-JNK pathway activation with metformin or AT-101 reversed PCOS traits in PCOS models that are induced with either glutamine or EsR1-KO. These suggest that glutamine, FSH, and ASK1-JNK pathway are targetable to alleviate PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hui Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children’s Hospital), Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke-Fei Fang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Wen-Xing Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Na Kong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Min Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hai-Ou Liu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhi Li
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qing-Qing Cai
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Quan-Wei Wei
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cong-Jian Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Yuan
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, China
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Ji S, Yang H, Ji Y, Wu W, Dong Y, Fu H, Tang N, Hou Z, Wang F. Liraglutide Improves PCOS Symptoms in Rats by Targeting FDX1. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:2049-2058. [PMID: 38441776 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine disorder characterized by ovulatory disorders, hyperandrogenemia, and polycystic changes in the ovaries. FDX1 is a ferredoxin-reducing protein on human mitochondria that plays an important role in steroid anabolism. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for PCOS. Recent studies have suggested that FDX1 may be associated with the development of PCOS. This study aims to explore the pivotal role of FDX1 in the amelioration of PCOS through liraglutide intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PCOS rat model was induced via subcutaneous DHEA injections. Following successful model establishment, the rats were treated with liraglutide combined with metformin, or with each drug individually, over a six-week period. After 6 weeks of treatment, we assessed changes in body weight, fasting blood glucose, sex hormone levels, estrous cycle regularity, ovarian morphology, FDX1 expression in ovarian tissue, and ovarian ROS levels. RESULTS PCOS rats exhibited significant increases in body weight and fasting blood glucose levels, disrupted estrous cycles, and polycystic ovarian morphology. FDX1 expression was notably reduced in the ovarian tissues of PCOS rats. Treatment with liraglutide, both alone and in combination with metformin, led to improvements in body weight, fasting blood glucose, sex hormone balance, estrous cycle regularity, ovarian morphology, and ovarian ROS levels. Notably, FDX1 expression was significantly restored in all treatment groups, with the most substantial increase observed in the liraglutide-treated group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that FDX1 could serve as a potential biomarker for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of liraglutide's therapeutic effects in PCOS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Ji
- Department of Gynaecology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqing Ji
- Department of Gynaecology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Weifan Wu
- Department of Gynaecology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaping Dong
- Department of Gynaecology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxia Fu
- Department of Gynaecology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300134, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhimin Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300134, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 300211, Tianjin, China.
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Shafienia H, Hoseini SM, Khalili MA, Heydari L, Sheikhha MH, Montazeri F. The possible regulatory role of miR-514 and miR-642b in cumulus cells on the oocyte maturation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100863. [PMID: 38367330 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women. Accordingly, abnormal microenvironment may negatively influence oocyte developmental competence as a result of the altered expression profile of cumulus cells (CCs), mainly the key players of oocyte maturation, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and prostaglandin E receptor-2 (PTGER2). This study aimed to examine the expression levels of miR-514, miR-642b, and their candidate target genes (EGFR and PTGER2, respectively) in CCs of immature and mature oocytes in patients with PCOS. A total of 40 oocytes at germinal vesicle (GV) and 40 oocytes at metaphase II (MII) stages were retrieved from 30 PCOS women. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression level of miR-514, miR-642b, EGFR, and PTGER2 in cumulus cells (CCS) of each oocyte. The expression level of miRNAs and their candidate target genes were compared between CCs of GV and MII oocytes. Our study suggests an inverse relationship exists between the expression levels of miR-514 and EGFR, and miR-642b and PTGER2. Furthermore, we observed that CCs of GV oocytes had higher levels of EGFR and PTGER2 mRNA and lower levels of miR-514 and miR-642b expression compared to those of MII oocytes. The present study demonstrated that miR-514 and miR-642b can regulate oocyte development by targeting EGFR and PTGER2, respectively. Therefore, examination of these miRNAs in CCs could be promising parameters to predict oocyte competence in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Shafienia
- Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Hoseini
- Biotechnology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khalili
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Leila Heydari
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
- Biotechnology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Fateme Montazeri
- Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
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10
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Chen H, Wen Y, Fan L, Luo M. Rhythm gene PER1 mediates ferroptosis and lipid metabolism through SREBF2/ALOX15 axis in polycystic ovary syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167182. [PMID: 38653359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the role of rhythm gene PER1 in mediating granulosa cell ferroptosis and lipid metabolism of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS We injected dehydroepiandrosterone and Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) into mice to explore the mechanism of ferroptosis in PCOS. The effect of PER1 on ferroptosis-like changes in granulosa cells was explored by overexpression of PER1 plasmid transfection and Fer-1 treatment. RESULTS We found that Fer-1 ameliorated the characteristic polycystic ovary morphology, suppressed ferroptosis in the PCOS mice. PER1 and ALOX15 were highly expressed in PCOS, whereas SREBF2 was lowly expressed. Overexpression of PER1 decreased granulosa cell viability and inhibited proliferation. Meanwhile, overexpression of PER1 increased lipid reactive oxygen species, 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), Malondialdehyde (MDA), total Fe, and Fe2+ levels in granulosa cells and decreased Glutathione (GSH) content. Fer-1, SREBF2 overexpression, or ALOX15 silencing treatment reversed the effects of PER1 overexpression on granulosa cells. PER1 binds to the SREBF2 promoter and represses SREBF2 transcription. SREBF2 binds to the ALOX15 promoter and represses ALOX15 transcription. Correlation analysis of clinical trials showed that PER1 was positively correlated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, 4-HNE, MDA, total Fe, Fe2+, and ALOX15. In contrast, PER1 was negatively correlated with SREBF2, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and GSH. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the rhythm gene PER1 promotes ferroptosis and dysfunctional lipid metabolism in granulosa cells in PCOS by inhibiting SREBF2/ALOX15 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Hunan Provincial Reproductive Medicine Institution), Changsha, Hunan, China; The Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaohua Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Hunan Provincial Reproductive Medicine Institution), Changsha, Hunan, China; The Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Hunan Provincial Reproductive Medicine Institution), Changsha, Hunan, China; The Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Hunan Provincial Reproductive Medicine Institution), Changsha, Hunan, China; The Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Fan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Hunan Provincial Reproductive Medicine Institution), Changsha, Hunan, China; The Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Man Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Hunan Provincial Reproductive Medicine Institution), Changsha, Hunan, China; The Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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11
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Azumah R, Hummitzsch K, Anderson RA, Rodgers RJ. Expression of transforming growth factor β signalling molecules and their correlations with genes in loci linked to polycystic ovary syndrome in human foetal and adult tissues. Reprod Fertil Dev 2024; 36:RD23174. [PMID: 38894494 DOI: 10.1071/rd23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Altered signalling of androgens, anti-Müllerian hormone or transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) during foetal development have been implicated in the predisposition to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in later life, aside from its genetic predisposition. In foetal ovarian fibroblasts, TGFβ1 has been shown to regulate androgen signalling and seven genes located in loci associated with PCOS. Since PCOS exhibits a myriad of symptoms, it likely involves many different organs. Aims To identify the relationships between TGFβ signalling molecules and PCOS candidate genes in different tissues associated with PCOS. Methods Using RNA sequencing data, we examined the expression patterns of TGFβ signalling molecules in the human ovary, testis, heart, liver, kidney, brain tissue, and cerebellum from 4 to 20weeks of gestation and postnatally. We also examined the correlations between gene expression of TGFβ signalling molecules and PCOS candidate genes. Key results TGFβ signalling molecules were dynamically expressed in most tissues prenatally and/or postnatally. FBN3 , a PCOS candidate gene involved in TGFβ signalling, was expressed during foetal development in all tissues. The PCOS candidate genes HMGA2, YAP1 , and RAD50 correlated significantly (P TGFBR1 in six out of the seven tissues examined. Conclusions This study suggests that possible crosstalk occurs between genes in loci associated with PCOS and TGFβ signalling molecules in multiple tissues, particularly during foetal development. Implications Thus, alteration in TGFβ signalling during foetal development could affect many tissues contributing to the multiple phenotypes of PCOS in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiatu Azumah
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Katja Hummitzsch
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Raymond J Rodgers
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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12
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Nanda D, Venkatraman AC, Kalaivanan K. A cross talk study on sitagliptin mediated reclamation on TGF β signalling, DPP 4, miR-29a and miR-24 expression in PCOS rats fed with high fat-high fructose diet. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102375. [PMID: 38604038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disturbance which is very commonly observed in females of reproductive age group. The disease is still incurable however the use of synthetic drugs in combination with lifestyle is recommended. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the possible beneficial effects of sitagliptin on PCOS induced rats on control diet (CD)/high fat- high fructose diet (HFFD). PCOS was induced by giving testosterone propionate (TP) for 28 days to both the CD/HFFD rats and treated with STG i.p. for last 15 days. At the end of the experiment lipid profile, inflammatory markers, expression of NF-κB-p65, miR-24 and miR-29a, fibrotic and apoptotic proteins from ovary tissue were examined. Moreover, lipid accumulation and fibrosis of ovary tissue was further confirmed using Sudan III and Masson's trichrome stain. STG treated rats exerted a significant decrease in levels of cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, IL-6 and TNF-α and increased HDL-C level, miR-24 and miR-29a expression. STG treated groups expressed significantly decreased expression of NF-κB-p65, TGF-β1, p-Smad 2 and p-Smad 3 followed by no significant changes in the expression of BAX, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in all the PCOS induced groups. Among all the CD/ HFFD fed groups, rats on HFFD showed more devastating effect which suggests that diet plays a major role in genesis of PCOS. In conclusion, current results reflect the potential impact of STG against dyslipidaemia, inflammation and fibrosis in PCOS rats via regulating dyslipidaemia and fibrosis via DPP 4 mediated miR-29a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India.
| | | | - Kalpana Kalaivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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13
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Pereira MP, Jones S, Costin JM. Association of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) With Vaginal Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e62611. [PMID: 39027755 PMCID: PMC11257764 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to explore the potential relationship between vaginal microbiome dysbiosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Four databases were utilized to identify primary literature based on a pre-determined exclusion and inclusion criteria. The electronic databases searched include MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. After an initial double-blind screening and removal of duplicates, 81 articles remained. Articles were included based on preselected inclusion and exclusion criteria, type of study, and date of publishing. Specifically, primary literature that focused on subjects that were diagnosed with PCOS and that discussed PCOS in relation to the vaginal microbiome was included. Literature reviews, studies with animal subjects, and studies that did not discuss PCOS and the vaginal microbiome were excluded. Current data from the five articles included in this review suggests that there is a relationship between PCOS and vaginal microbiome dysbiosis. Specifically, dysbiosis of the vaginal flora may be due to vaginal pH alterations secondary to decreased vaginal Lactobacillus species and elevated pathogenic species including Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Prevotella, Gardnerella, and Mycoplasma species. The manifestation of this vaginal microbiome dysbiosis is often bacterial and fungal vaginitis. Therefore, more studies are needed to explore the possibility of treating PCOS with probiotics designed to reestablish a healthy Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiome. In addition, further studies on the microbial composition of the vaginal microbiota in PCOS patients could identify microbial biomarkers for diagnosing PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Pereira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Sydney Jones
- Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Joshua M Costin
- Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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14
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Lombardi LA, Mattos LS, Espindula AP, Simões RS, Sasso GRDS, Simões MDJ, Soares-Jr JM, Florencio-Silva R. Effects of melatonin and metformin on the ovaries of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. F&S SCIENCE 2024; 5:204-211. [PMID: 38484797 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the combined and isolated effects of melatonin and metformin in the ovarian tissue of rats with PCOS. DESIGN Experimental study using a rat model of PCOS induced by continuous light exposure. INTERVENTION(S) Forty adult female rats were divided into 5 groups: physiological estrus phase (Sham); permanente estrus with PCOS induced by continuous lighting exposure for 60 consecutive days (control); with PCOS treated with melatonin; with PCOS treated with metformin; with PCOS treated with melatonin + metformin. After 60 days of treatments, all rats were killed, and ovaries were collected and processed for paraffin-embedding. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or subjected to immunohistochemistry for proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) detection markers. SETTING Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. ANIMALS Forty adult female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Number of corpus luteum and ovarian cysts, number of ovarian follicles (primary and antral follicles), number of interstitial cells, percentage of ovarian follicles (primary and antral follicles), and of interstitial cells immunostained to cleaved caspase-3 and Ki-67. RESULTS Absence of corpus luteum, a higher number of cysts, and increased nuclear volume and area of interstitial cells, along with a decrease in primary and antral follicle numbers, were noticed in the control group compared with the Sham group. Melatonin and metformin treatments attenuated these effects, although the combined treatment did not mitigate the increased number of cysts and ovaries induced by PCOS. An increase in theca interna cell apoptosis was observed in the control group, whereas melatonina and metformin treatments reduced it significantly. A higher percentage of caspase-3-immunostained granulosa cells was noted in the Sham and all treated groups compared with the control group; no aditive effects on ovarian cell apoptosis were observed in the combined treatment. The percentage of Ki-67- immunostained granulosa cells was significantly higher in the control group compared with the Sham group. However, the combined treatment, not melatonin and metformin alone, mitigated this effect. A higher percentage of Ki-67-immunostained interstitial cells was observed in all treated groups compared with the Sham and control groups, whereas no additive effects in that immunoreactivity were observed in the combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin and metformin may improve ovarian function in rats with PCOS. The combined melatonin and metformin treatment is more effective in attenuating excessive granulosa cell proliferation, but it is not more effective in improving ovarian function than these drugs applied alone in rats with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Augusto Lombardi
- Disciplina de Anatomia Humana, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Paula Espindula
- Disciplina de Anatomia Humana, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil; Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Maria Soares-Jr
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- Disciplina de Histologia e Biologia Estrutural, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina - UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brasil.
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15
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Xiao S, Du J, Yuan G, Luo X, Song L. Granulosa Cells-Related MicroRNAs in Ovarian Diseases: Mechanism, Facts and Perspectives. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01523-w. [PMID: 38594585 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that affect the translation of mRNAs by imperfectly binding to homologous 3'UTRs. Research on miRNAs in ovarian diseases is constantly expanding because miRNAs are powerful regulators of gene expression and cellular processes and are promising biomarkers. miRNA mimics, miRNA inhibitors and molecules targeting miRNAs (antimiRs) have shown promise as novel therapeutic agents in preclinical development. Granulosa cells (GCs) are supporting cells for developing oocytes in the ovary. GCs regulate female reproductive health by producing sex hormones and LH receptors. Increasing research has reported the relevance of miRNAs in GC pathophysiology. With in-depth studies of disease mechanisms, there are an increasing number of studies on the biomolecular pathways of miRNAs in gynecology and endocrinology. In the present review, we summarize the different functions of GC-related microRNAs in various ovarian disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, premature ovarian failure and ovarian granulosa cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Xiao
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Hejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Luzhou, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Luo
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Chesnokov MS, Mamedova AR, Zhivotovsky B, Kopeina GS. A matter of new life and cell death: programmed cell death in the mammalian ovary. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:31. [PMID: 38509545 PMCID: PMC10956231 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian ovary is a unique organ that displays a distinctive feature of cyclic changes throughout the entire reproductive period. The estrous/menstrual cycles are associated with drastic functional and morphological rearrangements of ovarian tissue, including follicular development and degeneration, and the formation and subsequent atrophy of the corpus luteum. The flawless execution of these reiterative processes is impossible without the involvement of programmed cell death (PCD). MAIN TEXT PCD is crucial for efficient and careful clearance of excessive, depleted, or obsolete ovarian structures for ovarian cycling. Moreover, PCD facilitates selection of high-quality oocytes and formation of the ovarian reserve during embryonic and juvenile development. Disruption of PCD regulation can heavily impact the ovarian functions and is associated with various pathologies, from a moderate decrease in fertility to severe hormonal disturbance, complete loss of reproductive function, and tumorigenesis. This comprehensive review aims to provide updated information on the role of PCD in various processes occurring in normal and pathologic ovaries. Three major events of PCD in the ovary-progenitor germ cell depletion, follicular atresia, and corpus luteum degradation-are described, alongside the detailed information on molecular regulation of these processes, highlighting the contribution of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Ultimately, the current knowledge of PCD aberrations associated with pathologies, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and tumors of ovarian origin, is outlined. CONCLUSION PCD is an essential element in ovarian development, functions and pathologies. A thorough understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating PCD events is required for future advances in the diagnosis and management of various disorders of the ovary and the female reproductive system in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S Chesnokov
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aygun R Mamedova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Wang W, Zhou C, Ma Z, Zeng L, Wang H, Cheng X, Zhang C, Xue Y, Yuan Y, Li J, Hu L, Huang J, Luo T, Zheng L. Co-exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics and triclosan induces synergistic cytotoxicity in human KGN granulosa cells by promoting reactive oxygen species accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116121. [PMID: 38402792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoplastics (NPs) and triclosan (TCS, a pharmaceutical and personal care product) have emerged as environmental pollution issues, and their combined presence has raised widespread concern regarding potential risks to organisms. However, the combined toxicity and mechanisms of NPs and TCS remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of polystyrene NPs and TCS and their mechanisms on KGN cells, a human ovarian granulosa cell line. We exposed KGN cells to NPs (150 μg/mL) and TCS (15 μM) alone or together for 24 hours. Co-exposure significantly reduced cell viability. Compared with exposure to NPs or TCS alone, co-exposure increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Interestingly, co-exposure to NPs and TCS produced synergistic effects. We examined the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), two antioxidant enzymes; it was significantly decreased after co-exposure. We also noted an increase in the lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) after co-exposure. Furthermore, co-exposure to NPs and TCS had a more detrimental effect on mitochondrial function than the individual treatments. Co-exposure activated the NRF2-KEAP1-HO-1 antioxidant stress pathway. Surprisingly, the expression of SESTRIN2, an antioxidant protein, was inhibited by co-exposure treatments. Co-exposure to NPs and TCS significantly increased the autophagy-related proteins LC3B-II and LC3B-Ⅰ and decreased P62. Moreover, co-exposure enhanced CASPASE-3 expression and inhibited the BCL-2/BAX ratio. In summary, our study revealed the synergistic toxic effects of NPs and TCS in vitro exposure. Our findings provide insight into the toxic mechanisms associated with co-exposure to NPs and TCS to KGN cells by inducing oxidative stress, activations of the NRF2-KEAP1-HO-1 pathway, autophagy, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Wang
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zhangqiang Ma
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lianjie Zeng
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Houpeng Wang
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Cheng
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xue
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Basic Medical College and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Basic Medical College and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Liaoliao Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Basic Medical College and Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, P.R. China.
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Govahi Kakhki F, Sargazi S, Montazerifar F, Majidpour M, Karajibani A, Karajibani M, Ghasemi M. IGF2BP2 and IGFBP3 Genotypes, Haplotypes, and Genetic Models Studies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25021. [PMID: 38468402 PMCID: PMC10959184 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance has been correlated with the genetic diversity within the insulin-like binding proteins genes. Moreover, insulin resistance is one of the key characteristics of the widespread reproductive endocrine condition known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Hence, this study is aimed to determine the association between IGFBP3 and IGF2BP2 gene variants and PCOS risk. METHODS A total of 300 subjects (150 PCOS cases diagnosed based on Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM consensus criteria and 150 healthy subjects) were recruited in this case-control cross-sectional study. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) was used for genotyping rs11705701, whereas genotyping of rs1470579 and rs2854744 was done employing PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. RESULTS The CC and AA+AC genotypes of rs1470579 conferred an increased risk of PCOS in our population. Regarding the rs2854744, an increased risk of PCOS was observed under the codominant homozygous (TT vs. GG) model by 2.54 fold. The C allele of rs1470579 and T allele of rs2854744 enhanced PCOS risk by 1.97 and 1.46 folds, respectively. Haplotype analysis showed that the Ars1470579Ars11705701 haplotype conferred a decreased risk of PCOS (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval = 0.34-0.83, p = 0.006). The AC/GG/GT, AA/GA/GT, AC/GA/GG, and AC/GA/GT genotype combinations of rs1470579/rs11705701/rs2854744 were associated with a decreased risk of the disease. CONCLUSIONS IGF2BP2 rs1470579 and IGFBP3 rs2854744 enhanced PCOS susceptibility in a Southeastern Iranian population. Further investigation involving larger cohorts representing diverse ethnic backgrounds is needed to confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Govahi Kakhki
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious DiseasesZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Farzaneh Montazerifar
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
- Pregnancy Health Research CenterZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Mahdi Majidpour
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Atena Karajibani
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Sistan and BaluchestanZahedanIran
| | - Mansour Karajibani
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
- Health Promotion Research CenterZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Marzieh Ghasemi
- Pregnancy Health Research CenterZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
- Moloud Infertility Center, Ali Ibn Abitaleb HospitalZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
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19
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Liu J, Li J, Wu X, Zhang M, Yan G, Sun H, Li D. High levels of fatty acid-binding protein 5 excessively enhances fatty acid synthesis and proliferation of granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 38373971 PMCID: PMC10875862 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most complex endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Abnormal proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs) is an important cause of PCOS. This study aimed to explore the role of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) in granulosa cell (GC) proliferation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. METHODS The FABP5 gene, which is related to lipid metabolism, was identified through data analysis of the gene expression profiles of GSE138518 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression levels of FABP5 were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and western blotting. Cell proliferation was evaluated with a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of the proliferation marker PCNA, and immunofluorescence microscopy was used to detect Ki67 expression. Moreover, lipid droplet formation was detected with Nile red staining, and qRT‒PCR was used to analyze fatty acid storage-related gene expression. RESULTS We found that FABP5 was upregulated in ovarian GCs obtained from PCOS patients and PCOS mice. FABP5 knockdown suppressed lipid droplet formation and proliferation in a human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN), whereas FABP5 overexpression significantly enhanced lipid droplet formation and KGN cell proliferation. Moreover, we determined that FABP5 knockdown inhibited PI3K-AKT signaling by suppressing AKT phosphorylation and that FABP5 overexpression activated PI3K-AKT signaling by facilitating AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we used the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 and found that the facilitation of KGN cell proliferation and lipid droplet formation induced by FABP5 overexpression was inhibited. In contrast, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway agonist SC79 significantly rescued the suppression of KGN cell proliferation and lipid droplet formation caused by FABP5 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS FABP5 promotes active fatty acid synthesis and excessive proliferation of GCs by activating PI3K-AKT signaling, suggesting that abnormally high expression of FABP5 in GCs may be a novel biomarker or a research target for PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
- Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
- Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Z, Pan J, Zhou C, Yu C, Zhou Z, Ding G, Liu X, Sheng J, Jin L, Huang H. LncRNA SNHG5 adversely governs follicular growth in PCOS via miR-92a-3p/CDKN1C axis. iScience 2024; 27:108522. [PMID: 38313057 PMCID: PMC10835362 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) have been implicated in various biological processes, yet their involvement in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains elusive. Specifically, SNHG5, a long non-coding RNA implicated in several human cancers, shows elevated expression in granulosa cells (GCs) of PCOS women and induces PCOS-like features when overexpressed in mice. In vitro, SNHG5 inhibits GC proliferation and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, with RNA-seq indicating its impact on DNA replication and repair pathways. Mechanistically, SNHG5 acts as a competing endogenous RNA by binding to miR-92a-3p, leading to increased expression of target gene CDKN1C, which further suppresses GC proliferation and promotes apoptosis. These findings elucidate the crucial role of SNHG5 in the pathogenesis of PCOS and suggest a potential therapeutic target for this condition. Additional investigations such as large-scale clinical studies and functional assays are warranted to validate and expand upon these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwei Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiexue Pan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjin Yu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolian Ding
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chen J, Lin C, Huang X, Bian W. Baicalin enhances proliferation and reduces inflammatory-oxidative stress effect in H 2O 2-induced granulosa cells apoptosis via USP48 protein regulation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38245760 PMCID: PMC10799411 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation can lead to apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), resulting in ovulation disorders and infertility. Baicalin (BAI) promotes cell proliferation and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms by which BAI treatment affects oxidative stress and inflammation in GCs remain incompletely understood. METHODS KGN cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to analyze the effect of oxidative stress on GCs in vitro. Subsequently, H2O2-stimulated KGN cells were treated with BAI. The levels of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD were measured using an activity assay kit. The levels of MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA and protein levels were measured using the CCK8, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. RESULTS H2O2 treatment inhibited KGN cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. BAI promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in H2O2-stimulated KGN cells. BAI treatment promoted USP48 protein expression, and USP48 knockdown abrogated the protective effects of BAI, indicating that USP48 is a downstream mediator of BAI. CONCLUSION BAI treatment enhanced cell proliferation and ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation by enhancing USP48 protein expression. BAI, which is used clinically and as a dietary supplement, may alleviate oxidative stress-induced GC injury and ovarian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chuhua Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xiurong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), No. 1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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22
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Gao M, Liu X, Gu H, Xu H, Zhong W, Wei X, Zhong X. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms, TGF-β1 promoter methylation, and polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38166771 PMCID: PMC10759533 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease in women. Hyperandrogenaemia (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) are the basic pathophysiological characteristics of PCOS. The aetiology of PCOS has not been fully identified and is generally believed to be related to the combined effects of genetic, metabolic, internal, and external factors. Current studies have not screened for PCOS susceptibility genes in a large population. Here, we aimed to study the effect of TGF-β1 methylation on the clinical PCOS phenotype. METHODS In this study, three generations of family members with PCOS with IR as the main characteristic were selected as research subjects. Through whole exome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, TGF-β1 was screened as the PCOS susceptibility gene in this family. The epigenetic DNA methylation level of TGF-β1 in peripheral blood was detected by heavy sulfite sequencing in patients with PCOS clinically characterised by IR, and the correlation between the DNA methylation level of the TGF-β1 gene and IR was analysed. We explored whether the degree of methylation of this gene affects IR and whether it participates in the occurrence and development of PCOS. RESULTS The results of this study suggest that the hypomethylation of the CpG4 and CpG7 sites in the TGF-β1 gene promoter may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS IR by affecting the expression of the TGF-β1 gene. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the aetiology and pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huadu District People's Hospital, 48 Xinhua Road, Huadu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510800, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Wenyao Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Wei
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xingming Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
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Jabarpour M, Aleyasin A, Shabani Nashtaei M, Khodarahmian M, Lotfi S, Amidi F. The modulating effects of astaxanthin on apoptosis in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:64-77. [PMID: 38948179 PMCID: PMC11210694 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.23111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective Astaxanthin (ASX) is a lipid-soluble keto-carotenoid with several biological effects. These effects may benefit polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients. Imbalanced apoptosis/anti-apoptosis signaling has been considered the major pathogenesis of PCOS. In a randomized clinical trial, we tested the impact of ASX on the apoptotic pathway in PCOS granulosa cells (GCs). The present study hypothesizes that ASX may improve apoptosis in PCOS patients. Materials and Methods This trial recruited patients with confirmed PCOS. A total of 58 patients were randomly assigned to take ASX (12 mg) or placebo for 8 weeks. Aspirated follicular fluid (FF) and blood samples were taken from both groups to measure BAX and BCL2 protein expression. Following FF aspiration, GCs from both groups were obtained; Real-Time PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the apoptotic pathway's gene and protein expression levels in GCs.BAXBCL2. Results In GCs analysis, ASX reduced DR5 gene and protein expression after 8 weeks compared to placebo(p<0.05). Also, Caspase8 (p>0.05) and BAX (p<0.05) gene expression declined, although the difference was not statistically significant for Caspase8. Besides,ASX treatment contributed to an elevated BCL2 gene expression in GCs(p<0.05). In FF and serum analysis, a statistically significant increase was found in BCL2 concentration in the ASX group (p<0.05). Moreover, a reduction in BAX level was confirmed in both FF and serum of the ASX group; however, this change was not significant in the serum (p>0.05). Conclusion It seems that ASX consumption among women with PCOS improved serum and FF levels of apoptotic factors and modulated genes and protein expression of the apoptosis pathway in GCs. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to reveal the potential role of this compound in PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoome Jabarpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Aleyasin
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani Nashtaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Khodarahmian
- Department of Infertility, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Lotfi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Infertility, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chelegahi AM, Ebrahimi SO, Reiisi S, Nezamnia M. A glance into the roles of microRNAs (exosomal and non-exosomal) in polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2024; 67:30-48. [PMID: 38050353 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The clinical symptoms include hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and multiple ovarian cysts. PCOS is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of short non-coding RNAs that play a role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and translational inhibition. They play a vital role in the regulation of multiple metabolic and hormonal processes as well as in oocyte maturation and folliculogenesis in the female reproductive system. miRNAs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets because of their stability. The encapsulation of miRNAs in extracellular vesicles or exosomes contributes to their stability. Exosomes are constantly secreted by many cells and size of about 30 to 150 nm. Enveloping miRNAs exosomes can release them for cellular communication. The induced transfer of miRNAs by exosomes is a novel process of genetic exchange between cells. Many studies have shown that along with non-exosomal miRNAs, different types of exosomal miRNAs derived from the serum and follicular fluid can play an essential role in PCOS pathogenesis. These miRNAs are involved in follicular development and various functions in granulosa cells, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and follicular atresia. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the evidence on miRNAs and their affected pathways under both non-exosomal and exosomal circumstances, primarily focusing on the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Masoudi Chelegahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omar Ebrahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Somayeh Reiisi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maria Nezamnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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Khatun M, Lundin K, Naillat F, Loog L, Saarela U, Tuuri T, Salumets A, Piltonen TT, Tapanainen JS. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Possible Approach for Exploring the Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:67-87. [PMID: 37768523 PMCID: PMC10799779 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine condition among women with pleiotropic sequelae possessing reproductive, metabolic, and psychological characteristics. Although the exact origin of PCOS is elusive, it is known to be a complex multigenic disorder with a genetic, epigenetic, and environmental background. However, the pathogenesis of PCOS, and the role of genetic variants in increasing the risk of the condition, are still unknown due to the lack of an appropriate study model. Since the debut of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, the ability of reprogrammed somatic cells to self-renew and their potential for multidirectional differentiation have made them excellent tools to study different disease mechanisms. Recently, researchers have succeeded in establishing human in vitro PCOS disease models utilizing iPSC lines from heterogeneous PCOS patient groups (iPSCPCOS). The current review sets out to summarize, for the first time, our current knowledge of the implications and challenges of iPSC technology in comprehending PCOS pathogenesis and tissue-specific disease mechanisms. Additionally, we suggest that the analysis of polygenic risk prediction based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could, theoretically, be utilized when creating iPSC lines as an additional research tool to identify women who are genetically susceptible to PCOS. Taken together, iPSCPCOS may provide a new paradigm for the exploration of PCOS tissue-specific disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Khatun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland.
| | - Karolina Lundin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Florence Naillat
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Liisa Loog
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Ulla Saarela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50406, Estonia
- Competence Centre of Health Technologies, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HFR - Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Liu L, Li X, Chen Y, Li YZ, Liu Z, Duan Y, Chen Y. Interleukin-22 promotes proliferation and reverses LPS-induced apoptosis and steroidogenesis attenuation in human ovarian granulosa cells: implications for polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2253347. [PMID: 37661176 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2253347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin 22 (IL-22) plays a role in inflammatory diseases. However, whether IL-22 affects the function of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and its relationship with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the level of IL-22 in human follicular fluid using ELISA. The expression and localization of the IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) in GCs were investigated by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The proliferation of KGN cells (human GCs line) was assessed by CCK-8 assay and EdU assay after treatment with recombinant human IL-22 (rhIL-22) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Apoptotic proteins and steroidogenic genes were detected by western blotting. RESULTS ELISA's results showed that compared with the control group, PCOS patients showed lower expression of IL-22 in follicular fluid. Immunofluorescence showed that IL-22R1 is expressed and localized in human granulosa cell membranes. IL-22 promoted cell proliferation and reversed LPS-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. IL-22 alone did not affect apoptotic or steroidogenic protein expression, however, it reversed LPS-induced apoptosis via downregulation of Bcl-2, upregulation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and restoration of LPS-downregulated StAR, CYP11A1, and CYP19A1 expression. Western blotting confirmed that IL-22 activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling. CONCLUSION IL-22 promotes cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and regulates KGN cell steroidogenesis confronted with LPS, and decreased IL-22 may be involved in the development of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhe Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Duan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wei J, Cheng P, Kong M, Zhang L, Liu S, Ning B, Huang X. MicroRNA-23a-3p overexpression represses proliferation and accelerates apoptosis of granular cells in polycystic ovarian syndrome by targeting HMGA2. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2172155. [PMID: 36809792 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2172155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Granular cells (GCs) are involved in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) progression. MicroRNA (miR)-23a downregulation is linked to PCOS development. Therefore, this research explored the influences of miR-23a-3p on GC proliferation and apoptosis in PCOS. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were conducted to examine miR-23a-3p and HMGA2 expression in GCs of patients with PCOS. Then, miR-23a-3p and/or HMGA2 expression was altered in GCs (KGN and SVOG), after which miR-23a-3p, HMGA2, Wnt2, and β-catenin expression, GC viability, and GC apoptosis were measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting, MTT assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was utilized to assess the targeting relationship between miR-23a-3p and HMGA2. Finally, GC viability and apoptosis were tested after the combined treatment of miR-23a-3p mimic and pcDNA3.1-HMGA2. RESULTS miR-23a-3p was poorly expressed but HMGA2 was overexpressed in GCs of patients with PCOS. Mechanistically, HMGA2 was negatively targeted by miR-23a-3p in GCs. Furthermore, miR-23a-3p inhibition or HMGA2 upregulation elevated viability and reduced apoptosis of KGN and SVOG cells, along with increased Wnt2 and β-catenin expression. In KNG cells, HMGA2 overexpression abrogated the impacts of miR-23a-3p overexpression on GC viability and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, miR-23a-3p decreased HMGA2 expression to block the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby depressing viability and facilitating apoptosis of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzi Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Urumqi Youai Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Urumqi Youai Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Gynecology, Urumqi Youai Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Bingxue Ning
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Huang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
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Yan MQ, Zhu BH, Liu XH, Yang YM, Duan XY, Wang Y, Sun H, Feng M, Li T, Liu XM. Mitoguardin 1 and 2 promote granulosa cell proliferation by activating AKT and regulating the Hippo-YAP1 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:779. [PMID: 38012141 PMCID: PMC10682431 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have been identified to be involved in oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, cell death, and cell proliferation. Previous studies have demonstrated that mitoguardin (Miga), a mitochondrial protein that governs mitochondrial fusion, mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts, lipid formation, and autophagy, is crucial for ovarian endocrine and follicular development. Nevertheless, whether mammalian MIGA1 or MIGA2 (MIGA1,-2) regulates ovarian granulosa cell proliferation remains unclear. This study revealed that mammalian MIGA1,-2 promotes cell proliferation and regulates the phosphorylation and localization of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in ovarian granulosa cells. MIGA2 upregulation resulted in reduced YAP1 activity, while MIGA2 removal led to increased YAP1 activity. Further analysis indicated that MIGA1,-2 regulated YAP1 via the Hippo signaling pathway and regulated protein kinase B (AKT) activity in collaboration with YAP1. In addition, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) regulated MIGA2 expression and AKT activity by activating YAP1. Briefly, we demonstrated that the mitochondrial MIGA1 and MIGA2, especially MIGA2, promoted cellular proliferation by activating AKT and regulating the Hippo/YAP1 signaling pathway in ovarian granulosa cells, which may contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of reproductive endocrine diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qi Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Bing-Hong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- Department of Infection Control, Jen Ching Memorial Hospital, 215300, Kunshan, China
| | - Yu-Meng Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Duan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University; Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University; Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Man Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University; Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, China.
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China.
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Marie C, Pierre A, Mayeur A, Giton F, Corre R, Grynberg M, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Guigon CJ, Chauvin S. Dysfunction of Human Estrogen Signaling as a Novel Molecular Signature of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16689. [PMID: 38069013 PMCID: PMC10706349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is a major hormone-controlling folliculogenesis whose dysfunction may participate in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) infertility. To determine whether both the concentration and action of E2 could be impaired in non-hyperandrogenic overweight PCOS women, we isolated granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular fluid (FF) from follicles of women undergoing ovarian stimulation (27 with PCOS, and 54 without PCOS). An analysis of the transcript abundance of 16 genes in GCs showed that androgen and progesterone receptor expressions were significantly increased in GCs of PCOS (by 2.7-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively), while those of the steroidogenic enzymes CYP11A1 and HSD3B2 were down-regulated (by 56% and 38%, respectively). Remarkably, treatment of GC cultures with E2 revealed its ineffectiveness in regulating the expression of several key endocrine genes (e.g., GREB1 or BCL2) in PCOS. Additionally, a comparison of the steroid concentrations (measured by GC/MS) in GCs with those in FF of matched follicles demonstrated that the significant decline in the E2 concentration (by 23%) in PCOS FF was not the result of the E2 biosynthesis reduction. Overall, our study provides novel hallmarks of PCOS by highlighting the ineffective E2 signaling in GCs as well as the dysregulation in the expression of genes involved in follicular growth, which may contribute to aberrant folliculogenesis in non-hyperandrogenic women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Marie
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Alice Pierre
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Anne Mayeur
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction et Préservation de la Fertilité, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140 Clamart, France;
| | - Frank Giton
- AP-HP, Pôle Biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, Inserm IMRB U955, 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Raphael Corre
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Michaël Grynberg
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction et Préservation de la Fertilité, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92140 Clamart, France;
| | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Céline J. Guigon
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
| | - Stéphanie Chauvin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013 Paris, France; (C.M.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (M.G.); (J.C.-T.); (C.J.G.)
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30
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Biglari-Zadeh G, Sargazi S, Mohammadi M, Ghasemi M, Majidpour M, Saravani R, Mirinejad S. Relationship Between Genetic Polymorphisms in Cell Cycle Regulatory Gene TP53 and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Case-Control Study and In Silico Analyses. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:1827-1849. [PMID: 36856940 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic condition with several potential causes. Insulin resistance is a hallmark of PCOS that often coexists with hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, being overweight, and hormonal imbalances. The functioning of multiple replication and transcription factors is regulated by tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), which play a crucial role in maintaining genomic integrity and controlling the cell cycle of granulosa cells. In the present study, we examined how three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TP53, a cell cycle regulatory gene, affect the risk of developing PCOS in a sample of an Iranian population. Genomic DNA was extracted from 200 PCOS patients and 200 healthy women to analyze TP53 rs17880604, rs1625895, and rs1042522 SNPs using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Our findings revealed that the majority of PCOS cases were overweight [25 < body mass index (BMI) < 30]. A positive association was observed between the TP53 rs1042522 SNP and the risk of PCOS under codominant heterozygous and overdominant genetic patterns (odds ratio > 1). Meanwhile, a negative association was observed between TP53 SNPs (rs1625895, rs17880604) and susceptibility to PCOS under codominant heterozygous and dominant models of inheritance (odds ratio < 1). Moreover, different genotype and haplotype combinations of rs17880604/rs1625895/rs1042522 conferred a decreased risk of PCOS in our population. We found no statistical difference in the frequency of TP53 genotypes between PCOS cases and/or controls in terms of BMI, waist circumference, prolactin level, and markers of lipid and carbohydrate profile (P > 0.05). Molecular dynamic prediction showed that the missense substitution in the 17p13.1 position (rs1042522) could change the properties and secondary structure of the p53 protein. As inherited risk factors, TP53 variations may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PCOS among Iranian women. Replicated population-based studies on other ethnicities are required to find the genetic contribution of variants of TP53, or SNPs located in other TSGs, to the etiology of this endocrine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Biglari-Zadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran.
| | - Malihe Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghasemi
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Moloud Infertility Center, Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Majidpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 9816743463, Iran
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Di Lorenzo M, Cacciapuoti N, Lonardo MS, Nasti G, Gautiero C, Belfiore A, Guida B, Chiurazzi M. Pathophysiology and Nutritional Approaches in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Comprehensive Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:527-544. [PMID: 37213054 PMCID: PMC10444658 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age worldwide. This disease causes menstrual, metabolic, and biochemical abnormalities such as hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulatory menstrual cycles, polycystic ovary, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance (IR), and cardiometabolic disorders, often associated with overweight or obesity and visceral adiposity. RECENT FINDINGS The etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS are not yet fully understood, but insulin seems to play a key role in this disease. PCOS shares an inflammatory state with other chronic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases; however, recent studies have shown that a healthy nutritional approach can improve IR and metabolic and reproductive functions, representing a valid therapeutic strategy to ameliorate PCOS symptomatology. This review aimed to summarize and collect evidence about different nutritional approaches such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the ketogenic diet (KD), as well as bariatric surgery and nutraceutical supplementation as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, among the others, used in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- Infectious Diseases and Gender Medicine Unit, Cotugno Hospital, AO Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - N Cacciapuoti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M S Lonardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - G Nasti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - C Gautiero
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Belfiore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - B Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
- Department of Medical Oncology, AO "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy.
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Ahmed A, Saleem MA, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Imran A, Akram S, Hussain M, Khan A, Al Jbawi E. A comprehensive review on the impact of calcium and vitamin D insufficiency and allied metabolic disorders in females. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5004-5027. [PMID: 37701195 PMCID: PMC10494632 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is imperative in maintaining a quality life, particularly during later ages. Its deficiency results in a wide range of metabolic disorders such as dental changes, cataracts, alterations in brain function, and osteoporosis. These deficiencies are more pronounced in females due to increased calcium turnover throughout their life cycle, especially during pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin D perform a central role in the metabolism of calcium. Recent scientific interventions have linked calcium with an array of metabolic disorders in females including hypertension, obesity, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), multiple sclerosis, and breast cancer. This review encompasses these female metabolic disorders with special reference to calcium and vitamin D deficiency. This review article aims to present and elaborate on available data regarding the worldwide occurrence of insufficient calcium consumption in females and allied health risks, to provide a basis for formulating strategies and population-level scientific studies to adequately boost calcium intake and position where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Saleem
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Human Nutrition and DieteticsMirpur University of Science and TechnologyMirpurPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Sidra Akram
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aqsa Khan
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
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Tsai YR, Liao YN, Kang HY. Current Advances in Cellular Approaches for Pathophysiology and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:2189. [PMID: 37681921 PMCID: PMC10487183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological and endocrine disorder that results in irregular menstruation, incomplete follicular development, disrupted ovulation, and reduced fertility rates among affected women of reproductive age. While these symptoms can be managed through appropriate medication and lifestyle interventions, both etiology and treatment options remain limited. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in cellular approaches utilized for investigating the pathophysiology of PCOS through in vitro cell models, to avoid the confounding systemic effects such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. The primary objective is to enhance the understanding of abnormalities in PCOS-associated folliculogenesis, particularly focusing on the aberrant roles of granulosa cells and other relevant cell types. Furthermore, this article encompasses analyses of the mechanisms and signaling pathways, microRNA expression and target genes altered in PCOS, and explores the pharmacological approaches considered as potential treatments. By summarizing the aforementioned key findings, this article not only allows us to appreciate the value of using in vitro cell models, but also provides guidance for selecting suitable research models to facilitate the identification of potential treatments and understand the pathophysiology of PCOS at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- An-Ten Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Kaohsiung City 802, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Hormone and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
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Wang W, Ge L, Zhang L, Liu L, Zhang X, Ma X. MicroRNA-16 represses granulosa cell proliferation in polycystic ovarian syndrome through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway by downregulation of Apelin13. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:611-621. [PMID: 34854361 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1998661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to uncover the specific role of micro RNA-16 (miR-16) in granulosa cell function in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). After sample collection, the expression levels of miR-16 and Apelin13 in the granulosa cells of PCOS patients and controls were determined. Subsequently, miR-16 mimic, miR-16 inhibitor, pcDNA3.1-Apelin13, sh-Apelin13, and their corresponding negative controls were transfected into granulosa cell lines (KGN and SVOG) to monitor alterations in miR-16 expression, Apelin13, and PI3K/Akt signalling pathway-related proteins (p-Akt and Akt). MTT assay was used to detect cell viability, clone formation assay to detect cell proliferation, and flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis rate. In addition, a luciferase assay was performed to test the targeting relationship between miR-16 and Apelin13. After miR-16 overexpression or Apelin13 knockdown was achieved in granulosa cells, granulosa cell proliferation was suppressed and cell apoptosis was enhanced. Additionally, Apelin13 is a potential target of miR-16. Functionally, overexpression of Apelin13 could partly reverse the effect of miR-16 overexpression on granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, inhibits granulosa cell proliferation and enhances blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway by suppressing Apelin13. Our study revealed miR-16 regulates Apelin13 to mediate the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and, thereby mediates PCOS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, China
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Wyse BA, Salehi R, Russell SJ, Sangaralingam M, Jahangiri S, Tsang BK, Librach CL. Obesity and PCOS radically alters the snRNA composition of follicular fluid extracellular vesicles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205385. [PMID: 37404312 PMCID: PMC10315679 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ovarian follicle consists of the oocyte, somatic cells, and follicular fluid (FF). Proper signalling between these compartments is required for optimal folliculogenesis. The association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and extracellular vesicular small non-coding RNAs (snRNAs) signatures in follicular fluid (FF) and how this relates to adiposity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether FF extracellular vesicle (FFEV)-derived snRNAs are differentially expressed (DE) between PCOS and non-PCOS subjects; and if these differences are vesicle-specific and/or adiposity-dependent. Methods FF and granulosa cells (GC) were collected from 35 patients matched by demographic and stimulation parameters. FFEVs were isolated and snRNA libraries were constructed, sequenced, and analyzed. Results miRNAs were the most abundant biotype present, with specific enrichment in exosomes (EX), whereas in GCs long non-coding RNAs were the most abundant biotype. In obese PCOS vs. lean PCOS, pathway analysis revealed target genes involved in cell survival and apoptosis, leukocyte differentiation and migration, JAK/STAT, and MAPK signalling. In obese PCOS FFEVs were selectively enriched (FFEVs vs. GCs) for miRNAs targeting p53 signalling, cell survival and apoptosis, FOXO, Hippo, TNF, and MAPK signalling. Discussion We provide comprehensive profiling of snRNAs in FFEVs and GCs of PCOS and non-PCOS patients, highlighting the effect of adiposity on these findings. We hypothesize that the selective packaging and release of miRNAs specifically targeting anti-apoptotic genes into the FF may be an attempt by the follicle to reduce the apoptotic pressure of the GCs and stave off premature apoptosis of the follicle observed in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Wyse
- Research Department, CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Salehi
- Research Department, CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Sahar Jahangiri
- Research Department, CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- CReATe Biobank, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin K. Tsang
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford L. Librach
- Research Department, CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- CReATe Biobank, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biological Sciences, DAN Women & Babies Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Azumah R, Hummitzsch K, Anderson RA, Rodgers RJ. Genes in loci genetically associated with polycystic ovary syndrome are dynamically expressed in human fetal gonadal, metabolic and brain tissues. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149473. [PMID: 37223019 PMCID: PMC10201802 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder, affecting around 10% of women of reproductive age, with infertility, depression or anxiety, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes as risk factors. The cause of PCOS is not known but there is a predisposition to developing PCOS in adult life that arises during fetal or perinatal life. PCOS also has a genetic predisposition and a number of genetic loci associated with PCOS have been identified. These loci contain 25 candidate genes which are currently being studied to define the syndrome. Although the name PCOS suggests a syndrome of the ovary, PCOS has also been associated with the central nervous system and other organ systems in the body due to the wide variety of symptoms it presents. Methods Here, we examined the expression patterns of PCOS candidate genes in gonadal (ovary and testis), metabolic (heart, liver and kidney) and brain (brain and cerebellum) tissues during the first half of human fetal development and postnatally until adulthood using public RNA sequencing data. This study is an initial step for more comprehensive and translational studies to define PCOS. Results We found that the genes were dynamically expressed in the fetal tissues studied. Some genes were significantly expressed in gonadal tissues, whilst others were expressed in metabolic or brain tissues at different time points prenatally and/or postnatally. HMGA2, FBN3 and TOX3 were highly expressed during the early stages of fetal development in all tissues but least during adulthood. Interestingly, correlation between expression of HMGA2/YAP1 and RAD50/YAP1 were significant in at least 5 of the 7 fetal tissues studied. Notably, DENND1A, THADA, MAPRE1, RAB5B, ARL14EP, KRR1, NEIL2 and RAD50 were dynamically expressed in all postnatal tissues studied. Conclusions These findings suggest that these genes have tissue- or development-specific roles in multiple organs, possibly resulting in the various symptoms associated with PCOS. Thus the fetal origin of a predisposition to PCOS in adulthood could arise via the effects of PCOS candidate genes in the development of multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiatu Azumah
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katja Hummitzsch
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond J. Rodgers
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Li X, Zhu Y, Zhao T, Zhang X, Qian H, Wang J, Miao X, Zhou L, Li N, Ye L. Role of COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway in the apoptosis of rat ovarian granulosa cells induced by MEHP. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114717. [PMID: 36889213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MEHP, as the metabolite of DEHP, is a widely used environmental endocrine disruptor. Ovarian granulosa cells participate in maintaining the function of ovary and COX2/PGE2 pathway may regulate the function of granulosa cells. We aimed to explore how COX-2/PGE2 pathway affects cell apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells caused by MEHP. METHODS Primary rat ovarian granulosa cells were treated with MEHP (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 μM) for 48 h. Adenovirus was used for over-expression of COX-2 gene. The cell viability was tested with CCK8 kits. The apoptosis level was tested by flow cytometry. The levels of PGE2 were tested with ELISA kits. The expression levels of COX-2/PGE2 pathway related genes, ovulation-related genes and apoptosis-related genes, were measured with RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS MEHP decreased the cell viability. After MEHP exposure, the cell apoptosis level increased. The level of PGE2 markedly decreased. The expression levels of COX-2/PGE2 pathway related genes, ovulation-related genes and anti-apoptotic genes decreased; the expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes increased. The apoptosis level was alleviated after over-expression of COX-2, and the level of PGE2 slightly increased. The expression levels of PTGER2 and PTGER4, and the levels of ovulation-related genes increased; the levels of pro-apoptotic genes decreased. CONCLUSION MEHP can cause cell apoptosis by down-regulating the levels of ovulation-related genes via COX-2/PGE2 pathway in rat ovarian granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Honghao Qian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohan Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Xing J, Qiao G, Luo X, Liu S, Chen S, Ye G, Zhang C, Yi J. Ferredoxin 1 regulates granulosa cell apoptosis and autophagy in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:453-468. [PMID: 36752638 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common reproductive endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, causes anovulatory infertility. Increased apoptosis of granulosa cells has been identified as one of the key factors contributing to abnormal follicular development. Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) encodes a small ferredoxin that is involved in the reduction in mitochondrial cytochromes and the synthesis of various steroid hormones and has the potential to influence the function of granulosa cells. In the present study, we aimed to determine the relationship between FDX1 and follicular granulosa cell function. To this end, we investigated the difference between FDX1 expression in the granulosa cells of 50 patients with PCOS and that of the controls. Furthermore, we sought to elucidate the role and mechanism of FDX1 in PCOS granulosa cells by establishing a mouse PCOS model with dehydroepiandrosterone and KGN (a steroidogenic human granulosa cell-like tumor cell line). The results indicated significant up-regulation of FDX1 in the granulosa cells after androgen stimulation. Knockdown of FDX1 promoted the proliferation of KGN and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, FDX1 could regulate autophagy by influencing the autophagy proteins ATG3 and ATG7. Our results demonstrated that FDX1 plays a critical role in female folliculogenesis by mediating apoptosis, autophagy, and proliferation. Therefore, FDX1 may be a potential prognostic factor for female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Gan Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaokun Chen
- Department of Morphological Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Geng Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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Impact of the number of retrieved oocytes on IVF outcomes: oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryo quality and implantation rate. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:91-96. [PMID: 36533391 DOI: 10.1017/s096719942200065x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The process of oocyte retrieval represents a key phase during the cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF). It involves controlled ovarian stimulation to retrieve the highest number of oocytes possible. According to many previous studies, the higher the number of oocytes the higher the chances of obtaining embryos for multiple transfers. In this study, in total, 1987 patients were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the correlations between the number of retrieved oocytes and the subsequent IVF outcomes. Patients were divided into three groups according to the number of retrieved oocytes (Group 1: ≤5 oocytes; Group 2: 6-15 oocytes; Group 3: ≥15 oocytes). The results showed a significant negative correlation between oocyte number and maturation rate as well as fertilization rate. However, a significant positive correlation was found between oocyte number and the blastulation rate. The implantation rate after fresh embryo transfers was higher in group 2 (6-15 oocytes) compared with group 1 (≤5 oocytes). According to our findings, we conclude that oocyte numbers between 6 and 15 oocytes can result in the highest chances of positive IVF outcomes in terms of embryo quality and fresh embryo transfers with lower risks of ovarian hyperstimulation.
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Niinuma SA, Lubbad L, Lubbad W, Moin ASM, Butler AE. The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031838. [PMID: 36768170 PMCID: PMC9915177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and post-menopausal women. PCOS is a multifactorial heterogeneous disorder associated with a variety of etiologies, outcomes, and clinical manifestations. However, the pathophysiology of PCOS is still unclear. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have recently been investigated for their role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. HSPs are a class of proteins that act as molecular chaperones and maintain cellular proteostasis. More recently, their actions beyond that of molecular chaperones have highlighted their pathogenic role in several diseases. In PCOS, different HSP family members show abnormal expression that affects the proliferation and apoptotic rates of ovarian cells as well as immunological processes. HSP dysregulation in the ovaries of PCOS subjects leads to a proliferation/apoptosis imbalance that mechanistically impacts follicle stage development, resulting in polycystic ovaries. Moreover, HSPs may play a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS-associated conditions. Recent studies on HSP activity during therapeutic interventions for PCOS suggest that modulating HSP activity may lead to novel treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize what is currently known regarding the role of HSPs in the pathogenesis of PCOS and their potential role in the treatment of PCOS, and we outline areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Anjum Niinuma
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Laila Lubbad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Walaa Lubbad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +973-66760313
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Shi CY, Xu JJ, Li C, Yu JL, Wu YT, Huang HF. A PPARG Splice Variant in Granulosa Cells Is Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247285. [PMID: 36555903 PMCID: PMC9786670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored whether there are splice variants (SVs) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and its relationship with clinical features and KGN cell functions. METHODS We performed a study involving 153 women with PCOS and 153 age-matched controls. One type of PPARG SV was detected by SMARTer RACE. The correlations between PPARG SV expression levels, clinical features, and KGN cell functions were analyzed. The effect of the PPARG SV on the expression of important genes in metabolism-related pathways was explored by PCR array. RESULTS The expression of the PPARG SV in PCOS patients was significantly higher than that in the controls. Clinical features were more significant in the PCOS group with the SV. Compared with overexpression of PPARG, the overexpression of the PPARG SV inhibited the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of KGN cells in vitro. The genes related to the PPARG SV were mainly involved in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION While granulosa cells contribute greatly to the development of follicles, our results suggest that the identified PPARG SV may regulate cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in granulosa cells, which could partially explain the mechanisms of ovulation dysfunction in PCOS. Further investigation of the utility of this PPARG SV as a biomarker for PCOS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Shi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo 315012, China
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jia-Le Yu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.W.); (H.-F.H.)
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai 200030, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.W.); (H.-F.H.)
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Cai Z, He S, Liu R, Zhou L, Zhao L. Plumbagin rescues the granulosa cell's pyroptosis by reducing WTAP-mediated N6-methylation in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:126. [PMID: 36463191 PMCID: PMC9719148 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of ovary granulosa cells (GC) is critical in the initiation and progression of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in females. Here, we found that the PCOS process is accompanied by massive GC pyroptosis resulting from Caspase-1 inflammasome activation. Administration of plumbagin, an effective compound isolated from plant medicine, can prevent the pyroptosis of GC and the onset of PCOS. Mechanistic study indicates the over-activation of the inflammasome in GC is due to the upregulation of WTAP, a key regulator of the RNA N6-methylase complex. WTAP mediates the mRNA N6-methylation of NLRP3 inflammasome component ASC and enhances ASC RNA stability, which results in the overactivation of the inflammasome in GCs from the PCOS model. Plumbagin treatment suppresses the WTAP-mediated N6-methylation of ASC mRNA and reduces the pyroptosis of GCs. This study supports the profound potential of plumbagin in PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Cai
- Reproductive Center, SSL central hospital of Dongguan, 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong, Dongguan, 523326 Guangdong China
| | - Shaojuan He
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of clinical laboratory affiliated Dongguan hospital (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523059 Guangdong China
| | - Rongju Liu
- Reproductive Center, SSL central hospital of Dongguan, 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong, Dongguan, 523326 Guangdong China
| | - Liling Zhou
- Reproductive Center, SSL central hospital of Dongguan, 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong, Dongguan, 523326 Guangdong China
| | - Li Zhao
- Reproductive Center, SSL central hospital of Dongguan, 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong, Dongguan, 523326 Guangdong China
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Bhandary P, Shetty PK, Manjeera L, Patil P. Hormonal, genetic, epigenetic and environmental aspects of polycystic ovarian syndrome. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Liu M, Hummitzsch K, Bastian NA, Hartanti MD, Irving-Rodgers HF, Anderson RA, Rodgers RJ. Expression of PCOS candidate genes in bovine fetal and adult ovarian somatic cells. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:RAF-22-0068. [PMID: 36346793 PMCID: PMC9782414 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine metabolic disorder that appears to have a genetic predisposition and a fetal origin. The fetal ovary has two major somatic cell types shown previously to be of different cellular origins, different morphologies and to differentially express 15 genes. We isolated the somatic gonadal ridge epithelial-like (GREL) cells (n = 7) and ovarian fetal fibroblasts (n = 6) by clonal expansion. Using qRT-PCR, we compared the gene expression levels of PCOS candidate genes with previous data on the expression levels in whole fetal ovaries across gestation. We also compared these levels with those in bovine adult ovarian cells including fibroblasts (n = 4), granulosa cells (n = 5) and surface epithelial cells (n = 5). Adult cell types exhibited clear differences in the expression of most genes. In fetal ovarian cells, DENND1A and ERBB3 had significantly higher expression in GREL cells. HMGA2 and TGFB1I1 tended to have higher expression in fetal fibroblasts than GREL cells. Another 19 genes did not exhibit differences between GREL cells and fetal fibroblasts and FBN3, FSHB, LHCGR, FSHR and ZBTB16 were very lowly expressed in GREL cells and fibroblasts. The culture of fetal fibroblasts in EGF-containing medium resulted in lower expression of NEIL2, but higher expression of MAPRE1 compared to culture in the absence of EGF. Thus, the two fetal ovarian somatic cell types mostly lacked differential expression of PCOS candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghe Liu
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katja Hummitzsch
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nicole A Bastian
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Monica D Hartanti
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Helen F Irving-Rodgers
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Raymond J Rodgers
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Mu H, Cai S, Wang X, Li H, Zhang L, Li H, Xiang W. RNA binding protein IGF2BP1 meditates oxidative stress-induced granulosa cell dysfunction by regulating MDM2 mRNA stability in an m 6A-dependent manner. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102492. [PMID: 36182806 PMCID: PMC9526231 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genetic and microenvironmental detrimental factors are involved in ovarian dysfunction, leading to the increasing rate of involuntary childlessness in recent years. Oxidative stress (OS), which is characterized by the imbalance of redox system with redundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelming the antioxidant defense, is regarded as one of the culprits of ovarian dysfunction. OS causes damage to various types of ovarian cells including granulosa cells (GCs), jeopardizing the ovarian microenvironment, disturbing follicular development and participating in various female reproductive disorders. However, the specific molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this process have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) treatment led to significant IGF2BP1 downregulation via, at least partially, inducing ROS overproduction. IGF2BP1 regulates GCs viability, proliferation, cell cycle and cellular senescence by enhancing MDM2 mRNA stability in an m6A-dependant manner. IGF2BP1 overexpression partially rescued 3-NP induced GCs damages, while ectopically expressed MDM2 alleviated both 3-NP or IGF2BP1-knockdown induced GCs dysfunction. These results reveal an epigenetic molecular mechanism underlying OS-related GCs disorders, which may help to establish a novel potential clinical marker for predicting the GCs status as well as the follicular developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbei Mu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siying Cai
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China.
| | - Huaibiao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430013, China.
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De Nardo Maffazioli G, Baracat EC, Soares JM, Carvalho KC, Maciel GAR. Evaluation of circulating microRNA profiles in Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275031. [PMID: 36206272 PMCID: PMC9543946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrinopathy, which etiology encompasses complex genetic traits associated with epigenetic factors, including differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression in a variety of tissues. The circulating form of these molecules is raising attention in the syndrome not only as potential biomarkers of PCOS but also as possible therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to explore the circulating miRNA profiles present in a cohort of Brazilian women with and without PCOS and to evaluate the potential role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 36 well-characterized PCOS women and 16 healthy controls. Clinical, hormone and metabolic data were recorded and evaluated. The expression profile of the 201 circulating miRNA selected were analyzed by taqman quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) using a customized Open Array platform. Statistical and bioinformatic analyzed were performed. RESULTS Circulating miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p and miR-26a-5p were upregulated, and miR-103a-3p, miR-376a-3p, miR-19b-3p and miR-222-3p were downregulated in women with PCOS compared to healthy normo-ovulatory controls. miR-21-5p, miR-103a-3p and miR-376a-3p levels correlated positively with androgen levels. These miRNAs, in combination, were related to pathways involved in insulin signaling, steroids biosynthesis and endothelial regulation as well as in folliculogenesis. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified a specific circulating miRNA signature in Brazilian women with PCOS. According to our data, circulating miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-376a-3p, miR-19b-3p and miR-222-3p may represent potential candidates for differential diagnosis of PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana De Nardo Maffazioli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares
- Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia Cândido Carvalho
- Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel
- Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Disciplina de Ginecologia, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Upregulation of HAS2-AS1 Relates to the Granulosa Cell Dysfunction by Repressing TGF-β Signaling and Upregulating HAS2. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0010722. [PMID: 35938797 PMCID: PMC9476914 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00107-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HAS2 antisense RNA 1 (HAS2-AS1) is a long noncoding RNA that has increased expression in mature granulosa cells (GCs) and contributes to cumulus expansion by regulating HAS2 expression. However, the roles of HAS2-AS1 during the pathological process of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are still unclear. This study investigated the roles of HAS2-AS1 in patients with PCOS. Here, a significant upregulation of HAS2-AS1 was found in the primary GCs from patients with PCOS, which was positively correlated with the level of the protein HAS2. The knockdown of HAS2 restored the upregulation of HAS2-AS1 in promoting migration but could not restore the effects of HAS2-AS1 overexpression in promoting proliferation and repressing apoptosis. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) upregulated HAS2-AS1 levels, while HAS2-AS1 functioned as a feedback inhibition factor repressing TGF-β signaling by inhibiting TGF-β receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) expression. HAS2-AS1 bonded with EZH2 and guided the polycomb complex 2 to the TGFBR2 promoter region. HAS2-AS1 overexpression induced H3K27 hypermethylation in the TGFBR2 promoter region and then repressed TGFBR2 transcription in KGN cells and primary GCs. In conclusion, we identified for the first time that HAS2-AS1 is upregulated in patients with PCOS and represses TGF-β signaling via inducing TGFBR2 promoter region hypermethylation, which allowed us to explore the pathological processes of PCOS.
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Ma Y, Hao G, Lin X, Zhao Z, Yang A, Cao Y, Zhang S, Fan L, Geng J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Song C, He M, Du H. Morroniside Protects Human Granulosa Cells against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Nrf2 and MAPK Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8099724. [PMID: 36118095 PMCID: PMC9481377 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8099724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Morroniside is the main ingredient of Cornus officinalis and has a variety of biological activities including antioxidative effects. Ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) are responsible for regulating the development and atresia of follicles, which are susceptible to oxidative stress. In this study, we determined whether morroniside can inhibit the oxidative stress of GCs induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leading to improved oocyte quality. The oxidative damage and apoptosis of ovarian GCs cultured in vitro were induced by the addition of H2O2. After pretreatment with morroniside, the levels of ROS, MDA, and 8-OHdG in ovarian GCs were significantly decreased. Morroniside significantly upregulated p-Nrf2 and promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which transcriptionally activated antioxidant SOD and NQO1. In addition, morroniside significantly regulated the levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 via the p38 and JNK pathways. These results suggest that morroniside can reduce the oxidative damage and apoptosis of ovarian GCs induced by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Guimin Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiaohua Lin
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yucong Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Shuancheng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Lijie Fan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Jingran Geng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Cuimiao Song
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Ming He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
| | - Huilan Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, China
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Rehman R, Azhar A, Naseem Z, Haider G, Farooqui N, Farhat S. PCOS model: Apoptotic changes and role of vitamin D. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jiang L, Tan QQ, Gao CL, Xu L, Zhu JH, Yan PJ, Miao Y, Wan Q, Xu Y. Tumor-induced osteomalacia characterized by "painful knee joint with difficulty in moving": a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:174. [PMID: 35804355 PMCID: PMC9270841 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-related osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by severe hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia. The diagnosis of TIO can be very difficult because of its nonspecific nature of clinical manifestations. Here we reported a case of young TIO patient with "painful knee joint with difficulty in moving" to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment levels. CASE PRESENTATION The patient's clinical features were consistent with TIO. A tumor was successfully located in left tibial by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, and then was surgically resected. Upon pathologic assessment, the tumor was diagnosed as phosphaturia stromal tumor (PMT) with positive Vim staining. After the surgery, serum phosphate level rapidly recovered and symptoms significantly improved. CONCLUSION TIO should be considered in patients with chronically hypophosphorus osteomalacia in the setting of no family history. Early removal of the responsible tumors is clinically essential for the treatment, and imaging examination is of great significance for tumor localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Lin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Pi-Jun Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.
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