1
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Mehta D, Sanhueza CA. Interglycosidic C5-C6 rotamer distributions of alkyl O-rutinosides. Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109251. [PMID: 39208606 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The conformational study of carbohydrates is critical to understand the molecular recognition mechanisms underlying their biological functions. Moreover, the systematic study of their conformational patterns can unlock useful tools to design optimized glycomimetics and drug candidates. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, we studied the interglycosidic rotamer equilibria of ester-protected and deprotected alkyl O-rutinosides (α-L-Rha(1,6)β-D-GlcOR). In the protected series, the equilibrium about the C5-C6 bond distributes among the three possible rotamers gg, gt, and tg, being gt the predominant conformer. In these series, the flexibility about C5-C6 shows a marked dependency on the aglycone's structure, where the increase on the aglycone's volume leads to a progressive increment on the tg contributions at the expense of gt, with gg remaining practically constant along the series. The removal of the protective groups results in rutinosides displaying an equilibrium equally distributed between gg and gt with no tg contributions regardless of the aglycone's structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Carlos A Sanhueza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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2
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Rajasingham T, Rodriguez HM, Betz A, Sproule DM, Sinha U. Validation of a novel western blot assay to monitor patterns and levels of alpha dystroglycan in skeletal muscle of patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophies. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024; 45:123-138. [PMID: 38635147 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-024-09670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The cell membrane protein, dystroglycan, plays a crucial role in connecting the cytoskeleton of a variety of mammalian cells to the extracellular matrix. The α-subunit of dystroglycan (αDG) is characterized by a high level of glycosylation, including a unique O-mannosyl matriglycan. This specific glycosylation is essential for binding of αDG to extracellular matrix ligands effectively. A subset of muscular dystrophies, called dystroglycanopathies, are associated with aberrant, dysfunctional glycosylation of αDG. This defect prevents myocytes from attaching to the basal membrane, leading to contraction-induced injury. Here, we describe a novel Western blot (WB) assay for determining levels of αDG glycosylation in skeletal muscle tissue. The assay described involves extracting proteins from fine needle tibialis anterior (TA) biopsies and separation using SDS-PAGE followed by WB. Glycosylated and core αDG are then detected in a multiplexed format using fluorescent antibodies. A practical application of this assay is demonstrated with samples from normal donors and patients diagnosed with LGMD2I/R9. Quantitative analysis of the WB, which employed the use of a normal TA derived calibration curve, revealed significantly reduced levels of αDG in patient biopsies relative to unaffected TA. Importantly, the assay was able to distinguish between the L276I homozygous patients and a more severe form of clinical disease observed with other FKRP variants. Data demonstrating the accuracy and reliability of the assay are also presented, which further supports the potential utility of this novel assay to monitor changes in ⍺DG of TA muscle biopsies in the evaluation of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulashitha Rajasingham
- Department of Preclinical/Clinical Pharmacology, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA.
| | - Hector M Rodriguez
- Department of Preclinical/Clinical Pharmacology, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Andreas Betz
- Department of Preclinical/Clinical Pharmacology, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Douglas M Sproule
- Department of Clinical Development, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Uma Sinha
- Department of Preclinical/Clinical Pharmacology, ML Bio Solutions, a BridgeBio company, Palo Alto, USA
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3
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Povolo L, Tian W, Vakhrushev SY, Halim A. Global View of Domain-Specific O-Linked Mannose Glycosylation in Glycoengineered Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100796. [PMID: 38851451 PMCID: PMC11292533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein O-linked mannose (O-Man) glycosylation is an evolutionary conserved posttranslational modification that fulfills important biological roles during embryonic development. Three nonredundant enzyme families, POMT1/POMT2, TMTC1-4, and TMEM260, selectively coordinate the initiation of protein O-Man glycosylation on distinct classes of transmembrane proteins, including α-dystroglycan, cadherins, and plexin receptors. However, a systematic investigation of their substrate specificities is lacking, in part due to the ubiquitous expression of O-Man glycosyltransferases in cells, which precludes analysis of pathway-specific O-Man glycosylation on a proteome-wide scale. Here, we apply a targeted workflow for membrane glycoproteomics across five human cell lines to extensively map O-Man substrates and genetically deconstruct O-Man initiation by individual and combinatorial knockout of O-Man glycosyltransferase genes. We established a human cell library for the analysis of substrate specificities of individual O-Man initiation pathways by quantitative glycoproteomics. Our results identify 180 O-Man glycoproteins, demonstrate new protein targets for the POMT1/POMT2 pathway, and show that TMTC1-4 and TMEM260 pathways widely target distinct Ig-like protein domains of plasma membrane proteins involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The identification of O-Man on Ig-like folds adds further knowledge on the emerging concept of domain-specific O-Man glycosylation which opens for functional studies of O-Man-glycosylated adhesion molecules and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Povolo
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Weihua Tian
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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4
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Tan RL, Sciandra F, Hübner W, Bozzi M, Reimann J, Schoch S, Brancaccio A, Blaess S. The missense mutation C667F in murine β-dystroglycan causes embryonic lethality, myopathy and blood-brain barrier destabilization. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050594. [PMID: 38616731 PMCID: PMC11212641 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG) is an extracellular matrix receptor consisting of an α- and a β-DG subunit encoded by the DAG1 gene. The homozygous mutation (c.2006G>T, p.Cys669Phe) in β-DG causes muscle-eye-brain disease with multicystic leukodystrophy in humans. In a mouse model of this primary dystroglycanopathy, approximately two-thirds of homozygous embryos fail to develop to term. Mutant mice that are born undergo a normal postnatal development but show a late-onset myopathy with partially penetrant histopathological changes and an impaired performance on an activity wheel. Their brains and eyes are structurally normal, but the localization of mutant β-DG is altered in the glial perivascular end-feet, resulting in a perturbed protein composition of the blood-brain and blood-retina barrier. In addition, α- and β-DG protein levels are significantly reduced in muscle and brain of mutant mice. Owing to the partially penetrant developmental phenotype of the C669F β-DG mice, they represent a novel and highly valuable mouse model with which to study the molecular effects of β-DG functional alterations both during embryogenesis and in mature muscle, brain and eye, and to gain insight into the pathogenesis of primary dystroglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lois Tan
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC)-CNR, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Biomolecular Photonics, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Manuela Bozzi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC)-CNR, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie. Sezione di Biochimica. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Jens Reimann
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Synaptic Neuroscience Team, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC)-CNR, 00168 Rome, Italy
- School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Neurodevelopmental Genetics, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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5
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Bigotti MG, Klein K, Gan ES, Anastasina M, Andersson S, Vapalahti O, Katajisto P, Erdmann M, Davidson AD, Butcher SJ, Collinson I, Ooi EE, Balistreri G, Brancaccio A, Yamauchi Y. The α-dystroglycan N-terminus is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 and enveloped viruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 224:105837. [PMID: 38387750 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need to develop effective therapeutics in preparedness for further epidemics of virus infections that pose a significant threat to human health. As a natural compound antiviral candidate, we focused on α-dystroglycan, a highly glycosylated basement membrane protein that links the extracellular matrix to the intracellular cytoskeleton. Here we show that the N-terminal fragment of α-dystroglycan (α-DGN), as produced in E. coli in the absence of post-translational modifications, blocks infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture, human primary gut organoids and the lungs of transgenic mice expressing the human receptor angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of α-DGN reduced SARS-CoV-2 lung titres and protected the mice from respiratory symptoms and death. Recombinant α-DGN also blocked infection of a wide range of enveloped viruses including the four Dengue virus serotypes, influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, but not human adenovirus, a non-enveloped virus in vitro. This study establishes soluble recombinant α-DGN as a broad-band, natural compound candidate therapeutic against enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bigotti
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK; School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Katja Klein
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Esther S Gan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Maria Anastasina
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences-Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon Andersson
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences-Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Erdmann
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Sarah J Butcher
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences-Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Giuseppe Balistreri
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences-Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC)-CNR, Rome, Italy.
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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6
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Katz M, Diskin R. The underlying mechanisms of arenaviral entry through matriglycan. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1371551. [PMID: 38516183 PMCID: PMC10955480 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1371551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Matriglycan, a recently characterized linear polysaccharide, is composed of alternating xylose and glucuronic acid subunits bound to the ubiquitously expressed protein α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Pathogenic arenaviruses, like the Lassa virus (LASV), hijack this long linear polysaccharide to gain cellular entry. Until recently, it was unclear through what mechanisms LASV engages its matriglycan receptor to initiate infection. Additionally, how matriglycan is synthesized onto α-DG by the Golgi-resident glycosyltransferase LARGE1 remained enigmatic. Recent structural data for LARGE1 and for the LASV spike complex informs us about the synthesis of matriglycan as well as its usage as an entry receptor by arenaviruses. In this review, we discuss structural insights into the system of matriglycan generation and eventual recognition by pathogenic viruses. We also highlight the unique usage of matriglycan as a high-affinity host receptor compared with other polysaccharides that decorate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Traverso M, Baratto S, Iacomino M, Di Duca M, Panicucci C, Casalini S, Grandis M, Falace A, Torella A, Picillo E, Onore ME, Politano L, Nigro V, Innes AM, Barresi R, Bruno C, Zara F, Fiorillo C, Scala M. DAG1 haploinsufficiency is associated with sporadic and familial isolated or pauci-symptomatic hyperCKemia. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:342-349. [PMID: 38177406 PMCID: PMC10923780 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
DAG1 encodes for dystroglycan, a key component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) with a pivotal role in skeletal muscle function and maintenance. Biallelic loss-of-function DAG1 variants cause severe muscular dystrophy and muscle-eye-brain disease. A possible contribution of DAG1 deficiency to milder muscular phenotypes has been suggested. We investigated the genetic background of twelve subjects with persistent mild-to-severe hyperCKemia to dissect the role of DAG1 in this condition. Genetic testing was performed through exome sequencing (ES) or custom NGS panels including various genes involved in a spectrum of muscular disorders. Histopathological and Western blot analyses were performed on muscle biopsy samples obtained from three patients. We identified seven novel heterozygous truncating variants in DAG1 segregating with isolated or pauci-symptomatic hyperCKemia in all families. The variants were rare and predicted to lead to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay or the formation of a truncated transcript. In four cases, DAG1 variants were inherited from similarly affected parents. Histopathological analysis revealed a decreased expression of dystroglycan subunits and Western blot confirmed a significantly reduced expression of beta-dystroglycan in muscle samples. This study supports the pathogenic role of DAG1 haploinsufficiency in isolated or pauci-symptomatic hyperCKemia, with implications for clinical management and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Traverso
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Baratto
- Centre of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Di Duca
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Panicucci
- Centre of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Casalini
- Centre of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Falace
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Department of Precision Medicine, University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Esther Picillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Onore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Claudio Bruno
- Centre of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marcello Scala
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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8
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Jahncke JN, Miller DS, Krush M, Schnell E, Wright KM. Inhibitory CCK+ basket synapse defects in mouse models of dystroglycanopathy. eLife 2024; 12:RP87965. [PMID: 38179984 PMCID: PMC10942650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (Dag1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that links the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in Dag1 or the genes required for its glycosylation result in dystroglycanopathy, a type of congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by a wide range of phenotypes including muscle weakness, brain defects, and cognitive impairment. We investigated interneuron (IN) development, synaptic function, and associated seizure susceptibility in multiple mouse models that reflect the wide phenotypic range of dystroglycanopathy neuropathology. Mice that model severe dystroglycanopathy due to forebrain deletion of Dag1 or Pomt2, which is required for Dystroglycan glycosylation, show significant impairment of CCK+/CB1R+ IN development. CCK+/CB1R+ IN axons failed to properly target the somatodendritic compartment of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in synaptic defects and increased seizure susceptibility. Mice lacking the intracellular domain of Dystroglycan have milder defects in CCK+/CB1R+ IN axon targeting, but exhibit dramatic changes in inhibitory synaptic function, indicating a critical postsynaptic role of this domain. In contrast, CCK+/CB1R+ IN synaptic function and seizure susceptibility was normal in mice that model mild dystroglycanopathy due to partially reduced Dystroglycan glycosylation. Collectively, these data show that inhibitory synaptic defects and elevated seizure susceptibility are hallmarks of severe dystroglycanopathy, and show that Dystroglycan plays an important role in organizing functional inhibitory synapse assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Jahncke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Daniel S Miller
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Milana Krush
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Eric Schnell
- Operative Care Division, Portland VA Health Care SystemPortlandUnited States
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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9
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Koff M, Monagas-Valentin P, Novikov B, Chandel I, Panin V. Protein O-mannosylation: one sugar, several pathways, many functions. Glycobiology 2023; 33:911-926. [PMID: 37565810 PMCID: PMC10859634 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled numerous important functions of protein glycosylation in development, homeostasis, and diseases. A type of glycosylation taking the center stage is protein O-mannosylation, a posttranslational modification conserved in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to humans. In animals, protein O-mannosylation plays a crucial role in the nervous system, whereas protein O-mannosylation defects cause severe neurological abnormalities and congenital muscular dystrophies. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying protein O-mannosylation functions and biosynthesis remain not well understood. This review outlines recent studies on protein O-mannosylation while focusing on the functions in the nervous system, summarizes the current knowledge about protein O-mannosylation biosynthesis, and discusses the pathologies associated with protein O-mannosylation defects. The evolutionary perspective revealed by studies in the Drosophila model system are also highlighted. Finally, the review touches upon important knowledge gaps in the field and discusses critical questions for future research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with protein O-mannosylation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Koff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Pedro Monagas-Valentin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Boris Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Ishita Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Vladislav Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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10
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Lin F, Yang K, Lin X, Jin M, Chen L, Zheng FZ, Qiu LL, Ye ZX, Chen HZ, Lin MT, Wang N, Wang ZQ. Clinical features, imaging findings and molecular data of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies in a cohort of Chinese patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:356. [PMID: 37974208 PMCID: PMC10652577 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a group of heterogeneous inherited diseases predominantly characterized by limb-girdle muscle weakness and dystrophic changes on histological analysis. The frequency of LGMD subtypes varies among regions in China and ethnic populations worldwide. Here, we analyzed the prevalence of LGMD subtypes, their corresponding clinical manifestations, and molecular data in a cohort of LGMD patients in Southeast China. METHODS A total of 81 consecutive patients with clinically suspected LGMDs from 62 unrelated families across Southeast China were recruited for targeted next-generation sequencing and whole-exome sequencing from July 2017 to February 2020. RESULTS Among 50 patients (41 families) with LGMDs, the most common subtypes were LGMD-R2/LGMD2B (36.6%) and LGMD-R1/LGMD2A (29.3%). Dystroglycanopathies (including LGMD-R9/LGMD2I, LGMD-R11/LGMD2K, LGMD-R14/LGMD2N and LGMD-R20/LGMD2U) were the most common childhood-onset subtypes and were found in 12.2% of the families. A total of 14.6% of the families had the LGMD-R7/LGMD2G subtype, and the mutation c.26_33dupAGGTGTCG in TCAP was the most frequent (83.3%). The only patient with the rare subtype LGMD-R18/LGMD2S had TRAPPC11 mutations; had a later onset than those previously reported, and presented with proximal‒distal muscle weakness, walking aid dependency, fatty liver disease and diabetes at 33 years of age. A total of 22.0% of the patients had cardiac abnormalities, and one patient with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy/LGMD1B experienced sudden cardiac death at 37 years of age. A total of 15.4% of the patients had restrictive respiratory insufficiency. Muscle imaging in patients with LGMD-R1/LGMD2A and LGMD-R2/LGMD2B showed subtle differences, including more severe fatty infiltration of the posterior thigh muscles in those with LGMD-R1/LGMD2A and edema in the lower leg muscles in those with LGMD-R2/LGMD2B. CONCLUSION We determined the prevalence of different LGMD subtypes in Southeast China, described the detailed clinical manifestations and distinct muscle MRI patterns of these LGMD subtypes and reported the frequent mutations and the cardiorespiratory involvement frequency in our cohort, all of which might facilitate the differential diagnosis of LGMDs, allowing more timely treatment and guiding future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Fu-Ze Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Liang-Liang Qiu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Ye
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Zhu Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Min-Ting Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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Bhalchandra S, Gevers K, Heimburg-Molinaro J, van Roosmalen M, Coppens I, Cummings RD, Ward HD. Identification of the glycopeptide epitope recognized by a protective Cryptosporidium monoclonal antibody. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0027523. [PMID: 37725059 PMCID: PMC10580954 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00275-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium species are a leading cause of pediatric diarrheal disease and death in low- and middle-income countries and pose a particular threat to immunocompromised individuals. As a zoonotic pathogen, Cryptosporidium can have devastating effects on the health of neonatal calves. Despite its impact on human and animal health, consistently effective drug treatments for cryptosporidiosis are lacking and no vaccine is available. We previously showed that C. parvum mucin-like glycoproteins, gp40, and gp900 express an epitope identified by a monoclonal antibody 4E9. 4E9 neutralized C. parvum infection in vitro as did glycan-binding proteins specific for the Tn antigen (GalNAc-α1-S/T). Here, we show that 4E9 ameliorates disease in vivo in a calf challenge model. The 4E9 epitope is present on C. hominis in addition to C. parvum gp40 and gp900 and localizes to the plasma membrane and dense granules of invasive and intracellular stages. To characterize the epitope recognized by 4E9, we probed a glycan array containing over 500 defined glycans together with a custom-made glycopeptide microarray containing glycopeptides from native mucins or C. parvum gp40 and gp15. 4E9 exhibited no binding to the glycan array but bound strongly to glycopeptides from native mucins or gp40 on the glycopeptide array, suggesting that the antibody epitope contains both peptide and glycan moieties. 4E9 only recognized glycopeptides with adjacent S or T residues in the motif S*/T*-X-S*/T* where X = 0 or 1. These data define the 4E9 epitope and have implications for the inclusion of the epitope in the development of vaccines or other immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bhalchandra
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Honorine D. Ward
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Gorzkiewicz M, Cramer J, Xu HC, Lang PA. The role of glycosylation patterns of viral glycoproteins and cell entry receptors in arenavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115196. [PMID: 37586116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammarenaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that can be associated with rodent-transmitted diseases in humans. Their virions are composed of a nucleocapsid surrounded by a lipid bilayer with glycoprotein (GP) spikes interacting with receptors on target cells. Both the GP and receptors are highly glycosylated, with glycosylation patterns being crucial for virus binding and cell entry, viral tropism, immune responses, or therapy strategies. These effects have been previously described for several different viruses. In case of arenaviruses, they remain insufficiently understood. Thus, it is important to determine the mechanisms of glycosylation of viral proteins and receptors responsible for infection, in order to fully understand the biology of arenaviruses. In this article, we have summarized and critically evaluated the available literature data on the glycosylation of mammarenavirus-associated proteins to facilitate further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Gorzkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jonathan Cramer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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13
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Li Y, Fu L, Wu B, Guo X, Shi Y, Lv C, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zhong C, Han S, Xu F, Tian Y. Angiogenesis modulated by CD93 and its natural ligands IGFBP7 and MMRN2: a new target to facilitate solid tumor therapy by vasculature normalization. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:189. [PMID: 37660019 PMCID: PMC10474740 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor vasculature was different from the normal vasculature in both function and morphology, which caused hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Previous anti-angiogenesis therapy had led to a modest improvement in cancer immunotherapy. However, antiangiogenic therapy only benefitted a few patients and caused many side effects. Therefore, there was still a need to develop a new approach to affect tumor vasculature formation. The CD93 receptor expressed on the surface of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and its natural ligands, MMRN2 and IGFBP7, were now considered potential targets in the antiangiogenic treatment because recent studies had reported that anti-CD93 could normalize the tumor vasculature without impacting normal blood vessels. Here, we reviewed recent studies on the role of CD93, IGFBP7, and MMRN2 in angiogenesis. We focused on revealing the interaction between IGFBP7-CD93 and MMRN2-CD93 and the signaling cascaded impacted by CD93, IGFBP7, and MMRN2 during the angiogenesis process. We also reviewed retrospective studies on CD93, IGFBP7, and MMRN2 expression and their relationship with clinical factors. In conclusion, CD93 was a promising target for normalizing the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Baokang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chongli Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shukun Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36.Sanhao stress, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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14
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Reelfs AM, Stephan CM, Mockler SRH, Laubscher KM, Zimmerman MB, Mathews KD. Pain interference and fatigue in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:523-530. [PMID: 37247532 PMCID: PMC10527028 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pain is prevalent in individuals with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) R9, but impact on daily living and correlation with fatigue remain unknown. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain interference and fatigue short forms were completed annually by 23 children and 54 adults with biallelic fukutin-related protein (FKRP) variants for up to six years. Concurrent motor and pulmonary function were evaluated. Pain interference T-scores were near the normal mean of 50 by linear mixed model analysis (48.5 in children, 51.6 in adults). 58% of participants experienced pain interference levels greater than the general population on at least one assessment. Fatigue T-scores were elevated in adults but not children (49.0 in children, 55.1 in adults), and 75% had at least one elevated fatigue score. Of participants with at least two visits, serial scores were not consistent across visits, without a clear pattern. Pain interference and fatigue were positively correlated (r = 0.55). Both increased with older age (r = 0.21 and 0.41 respectively). Neither differed by sex or ambulation status. Motor (r=-0.32) and pulmonary (r=-0.25) function correlated with fatigue in adults, not children. Results suggest that pain in those with LGMDR9 is variable and episodic, limiting impact on daily life, while fatigue increases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Reelfs
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 375 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Carrie M Stephan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Shelley R H Mockler
- Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, 100 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Katie M Laubscher
- Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, 100 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - M Bridget Zimmerman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Katherine D Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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15
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Tesoriero C, Greco F, Cannone E, Ghirotto F, Facchinello N, Schiavone M, Vettori A. Modeling Human Muscular Dystrophies in Zebrafish: Mutant Lines, Transgenic Fluorescent Biosensors, and Phenotyping Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8314. [PMID: 37176020 PMCID: PMC10179009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of myopathies characterized by progressive muscle weakness leading to death from heart or respiratory failure. MDs are caused by mutations in genes involved in both the development and organization of muscle fibers. Several animal models harboring mutations in MD-associated genes have been developed so far. Together with rodents, the zebrafish is one of the most popular animal models used to reproduce MDs because of the high level of sequence homology with the human genome and its genetic manipulability. This review describes the most important zebrafish mutant models of MD and the most advanced tools used to generate and characterize all these valuable transgenic lines. Zebrafish models of MDs have been generated by introducing mutations to muscle-specific genes with different genetic techniques, such as (i) N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) treatment, (ii) the injection of specific morpholino, (iii) tol2-based transgenesis, (iv) TALEN, (v) and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. All these models are extensively used either to study muscle development and function or understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of MDs. Several tools have also been developed to characterize these zebrafish models by checking (i) motor behavior, (ii) muscle fiber structure, (iii) oxidative stress, and (iv) mitochondrial function and dynamics. Further, living biosensor models, based on the expression of fluorescent reporter proteins under the control of muscle-specific promoters or responsive elements, have been revealed to be powerful tools to follow molecular dynamics at the level of a single muscle fiber. Thus, zebrafish models of MDs can also be a powerful tool to search for new drugs or gene therapies able to block or slow down disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tesoriero
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Francesca Greco
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Elena Cannone
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ghirotto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavone
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.T.); (F.G.); (F.G.); (A.V.)
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16
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Manni E, Jeffery N, Chambers D, Slade L, Etheridge T, Harries LW. An evaluation of the role of miR-361-5p in senescence and systemic ageing. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112127. [PMID: 36804517 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells are key regulators of ageing and age-associated disease. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a key component of the molecular machinery governing cellular senescence, with several known to regulate important genes associated with this process. We sought to identify miRs associated with both senescence and reversal by pinpointing those showing opposing directionality of effect in senescence and in response to senotherapy. Cellular senescence phenotypes were assessed in primary human endothelial cells following targeted manipulation of emergent miRNAs. Finally, the effect of conserved target gene knockdown on lifespan and healthspan was assessed in a C. elegans system in vivo. Three miRNAs (miR-5787, miR-3665 and miR-361-5p) demonstrated associations with both senescence and rejuvenation, but miR-361-5p alone demonstrated opposing effects in senescence and rescue. Treatment of late passage human endothelial cells with a miR-361-5p mimic caused a 14 % decrease in the senescent load of the culture. RNAi gene knockdown of conserved miR-361-5p target genes in a C. elegans model however resulted in adverse effects on healthspan and/or lifespan. Although miR-361-5p may attenuate aspects of the senescence phenotype in human primary endothelial cells, many of its validated target genes also play essential roles in the regulation or formation of the cytoskeletal network, or its interaction with the extracellular matrix. These processes are essential for cell survival and cell function. Targeting miR-361-5p alone may not represent a promising target for future senotherapy; more sophisticated approaches to attenuate its interaction with specific targets without roles in essential cell processes would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Manni
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nicola Jeffery
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David Chambers
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Luke Slade
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Lorna W Harries
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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Xu M, Yang A, Xia J, Jiang J, Liu CF, Ye Z, Ma J, Yang S. Protein glycosylation in urine as a biomarker of diseases. Transl Res 2023; 253:95-107. [PMID: 35952983 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human body fluids have become an indispensable resource for clinical research, diagnosis and prognosis. Urine is widely used to discover disease-specific glycoprotein biomarkers because of its recurrently non-invasive collection and disease-indicating properties. While urine is an unstable fluid in that its composition changes with ingested nutrients and further as it is excreted through micturition, urinary proteins are more stable and their abnormal glycosylation is associated with diseases. It is known that aberrant glycosylation can define tumor malignancy and indicate disease initiation and progression. However, a thorough and translational survey of urinary glycosylation in diseases has not been performed. In this article, we evaluate the clinical applications of urine, introduce methods for urine glycosylation analysis, and discuss urine glycoprotein biomarkers. We emphasize the importance of mining urinary glycoproteins and searching for disease-specific glycosylation in various diseases (including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and viral infections). With advances in mass spectrometry-based glycomics/glycoproteomics/glycopeptidomics, characterization of disease-specific glycosylation will optimistically lead to the discovery of disease-related urinary biomarkers with better sensitivity and specificity in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arthur Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Monagas-Valentin P, Bridger R, Chandel I, Koff M, Novikov B, Schroeder P, Wells L, Panin V. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D is a substrate of protein O-mannosyltransferases 1-2 that is required for the wiring of sensory axons in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102890. [PMID: 36634851 PMCID: PMC9950532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in protein O-mannosyltransferases (POMTs) result in severe brain defects and congenital muscular dystrophies characterized by abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-Dg). However, neurological phenotypes of POMT mutants are not well understood, and the functional substrates of POMTs other than α-Dg remain unknown. Using a Drosophila model, here we reveal that Dg alone cannot account for the phenotypes of POMT mutants, and identify Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D (PTP69D) as a gene interacting with POMTs in producing the abdomen rotation phenotype. Using RNAi-mediated knockdown, mutant alleles, and a dominant-negative form of PTP69D, we reveal that PTP69D is required for the wiring of larval sensory axons. We also found that PTP69D and POMT genes interact in this process, and that their interactions lead to complex synergistic or antagonistic effects on axon wiring phenotypes, depending on the mode of genetic manipulation. Using glycoproteomic approaches, we further characterized the glycosylation of the PTP69D transgenic construct expressed in genetic strains with different levels of POMT activity. We found that the PTP69D construct carries many O-linked mannose modifications when expressed in Drosophila with wild-type or ectopically upregulated expression of POMTs. These modifications were absent in POMT mutants, suggesting that PTP69D is a substrate of POMT-mediated O-mannosylation. Taken together, our results indicate that PTP69D is a novel functional substrate of POMTs that is required for axon connectivity. This mechanism of POMT-mediated regulation of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase functions could potentially be conserved in mammals and may shed new light on the etiology of neurological defects in muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Monagas-Valentin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Bridger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ishita Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa Koff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Boris Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Schroeder
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Vladislav Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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The Synthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine Kinase (GNE), α-dystroglycan, and β-galactoside α-2,3-sialyltransferase 6 (ST3Gal6) By Skeletal Muscle Cell As a Response To Infection with Trichinella Spiralis. Helminthologia 2022; 59:217-225. [PMID: 36694833 PMCID: PMC9831521 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nurse cell of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis is a unique structure established after genetic, morphological and functional modification of a small portion of invaded skeletal muscle fiber. Even if the newly developed cytoplasm of the Nurse cell is no longer contractile, this structure remains well integrated within the surrounding healthy tissue. Our previous reports suggested that this process is accompanied by an increased local biosynthesis of sialylated glycoproteins. In this work we examined the expressions of three proteins, functionally associated with the process of sialylation. The enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) is a key initiator of the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. The α-dystroglycan was the only identified sialylated glycoprotein in skeletal muscles by now, bearing sialyl-α-2,3-Gal-β-1,4-Gl-cNAc-β-1,2-Man-α-1-O-Ser/Thr glycan. The third protein of interest for this study was the enzyme β-galactoside α-2,3-sialyltransferase 6 (ST3Gal6), which transfers sialic acid preferably onto Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc as an acceptor, and thus it was considered as a suitable candidate for the sialylation of the α-dystroglycan. The expressions of the three proteins were analyzed by real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry on modified methacarn fixed paraffin tissue sections of mouse skeletal muscle samples collected at days 0, 14 and 35 post infection. According to our findings, the up-regulation of GNE was a characteristic of the early and the late stage of the Nurse cell development. Additional features of this process were the elevated expressions of α-dystroglycan and the enzyme ST3Gal6. We provided strong evidence that an increased local synthesis of sialic acids is a trait of the Nurse cell of T. spiralis, and at least in part due to an overexpression of α-dystroglycan. In addition, circumstantially we suggest that the enzyme ST3Gal6 is engaged in the process of sialylation of the major oligosaccharide component of α-dystroglycan.
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20
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Quereda C, Pastor À, Martín-Nieto J. Involvement of abnormal dystroglycan expression and matriglycan levels in cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:395. [PMID: 36494657 PMCID: PMC9733019 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG) is a glycoprotein composed of two subunits that remain non-covalently bound at the plasma membrane: α-DG, which is extracellular and heavily O-mannosyl glycosylated, and β-DG, an integral transmembrane polypeptide. α-DG is involved in the maintenance of tissue integrity and function in the adult, providing an O-glycosylation-dependent link for cells to their extracellular matrix. β-DG in turn contacts the cytoskeleton via dystrophin and participates in a variety of pathways transmitting extracellular signals to the nucleus. Increasing evidence exists of a pivotal role of DG in the modulation of normal cellular proliferation. In this context, deficiencies in DG glycosylation levels, in particular those affecting the so-called matriglycan structure, have been found in an ample variety of human tumors and cancer-derived cell lines. This occurs together with an underexpression of the DAG1 mRNA and/or its α-DG (core) polypeptide product or, more frequently, with a downregulation of β-DG protein levels. These changes are in general accompanied in tumor cells by a low expression of genes involved in the last steps of the α-DG O-mannosyl glycosylation pathway, namely POMT1/2, POMGNT2, CRPPA, B4GAT1 and LARGE1/2. On the other hand, a series of other genes acting earlier in this pathway are overexpressed in tumor cells, namely DOLK, DPM1/2/3, POMGNT1, B3GALNT2, POMK and FKTN, hence exerting instead a pro-oncogenic role. Finally, downregulation of β-DG, altered β-DG processing and/or impaired β-DG nuclear levels are increasingly found in human tumors and cell lines. It follows that DG itself, particular genes/proteins involved in its glycosylation and/or their interactors in the cell could be useful as biomarkers of certain types of human cancer, and/or as molecular targets of new therapies addressing these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Quereda
- grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus Universitario San Vicente, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Àngels Pastor
- grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus Universitario San Vicente, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Martín-Nieto
- grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus Universitario San Vicente, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain ,grid.5268.90000 0001 2168 1800Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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21
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Draicchio F, Behrends V, Tillin NA, Hurren NM, Sylow L, Mackenzie R. Involvement of the extracellular matrix and integrin signalling proteins in skeletal muscle glucose uptake. J Physiol 2022; 600:4393-4408. [PMID: 36054466 PMCID: PMC9826115 DOI: 10.1113/jp283039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-body euglycaemia is partly maintained by two cellular processes that encourage glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, the insulin- and contraction-stimulated pathways, with research suggesting convergence between these two processes. The normal structural integrity of the skeletal muscle requires an intact actin cytoskeleton as well as integrin-associated proteins, and thus those structures are likely fundamental for effective glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In contrast, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and integrin expression in skeletal muscle may contribute to insulin resistance owing to an increased physical barrier causing reduced nutrient and hormonal flux. This review explores the role of the ECM and the actin cytoskeleton in insulin- and contraction-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. This is a clinically important area of research given that defects in the structural integrity of the ECM and integrin-associated proteins may contribute to loss of muscle function and decreased glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Draicchio
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Volker Behrends
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Neale A. Tillin
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Nicholas M. Hurren
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer & Ageing Research GroupDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Richard Mackenzie
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
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22
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Şener Uslupehlivan E, Deveci R, Şahar U, İzzetoğlu S. Glycan analysis of Lamin A/C protein at G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:689-698. [PMID: 36180658 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of lamins triggers the nuclear envelope disassembly/assembly. However, it hasn't been known whether lamin proteins undergo any modification other than phosphorylation during the cell cycle. Glycosylation of lamin proteins is one of the less studied post-translational modification. Glycosylation and phosphorylation compete for the same positions and interplay between two modifications generate a post-translational code in the cell. Based on this, we hypothesized that glycosylation of lamin A/C protein may be important in the regulation of the structural organization of the nuclear lamina during interphase and mitosis. We analysed the glycan units of lamin A/C protein in lung carcinoma cells synchronized at G2/M and S phases via CapLC-ESI-MS/MS. Besides, the outermost glycan units were determined using lectin blotting and gold-conjugated antibody and lectin staining. TEM studies also allowed us to observe the localization of glycosylated lamin A/C protein. With this study, we determined that lamin A/C protein shows O-glycosylation at G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle. In addition to O-GlcNAcylation and O-GalNAcylation, lamin A/C is found to be contain Gal, Fuc, Man, and Sia sugars at G2/M and S phases for the first time. Having found the glycan units of the lamin A/C protein suggests that glycosylation might have a role in the nuclear organization during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Şener Uslupehlivan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Remziye Deveci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Umut Şahar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Savaş İzzetoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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23
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(Fukutinopathy as a rare cause of dilated cardiomyopathy and subclinical skeletal myopathy - a case report and review of cardiac involvement in skeletal muscle disease). COR ET VASA 2022. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2021.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Kikkawa Y, Matsunuma M, Kan R, Yamada Y, Hamada K, Nomizu M, Negishi Y, Nagamori S, Toda T, Tanaka M, Kanagawa M. Laminin α5_CD239_Spectrin is a candidate association that compensates the linkage between the basement membrane and cytoskeleton in skeletal muscle fibers. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 15:100118. [PMID: 35990309 PMCID: PMC9382564 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin α5_CD239_spectrin complex is a candidate linkage in sarcolemma. The linkage molecules are expressed in embryonic and regenerative muscle fibers. CD239 expression is upregulated by steroid therapy for muscular dystrophy. The compensatory linkage may be a therapeutic target for muscular dystrophy.
The linkage between the basement membrane (BM) and cytoskeleton is crucial for muscle fiber stability and signal transduction. Mutations in the linkage molecules can cause various types of muscular dystrophies. The different severities and times of onset suggest that compensatory linkages occur at the sarcolemma. Cluster of differentiation 239 (CD239) binds to the α5 subunit of laminin-511 extracellularly and is connected to spectrin intracellularly, resulting in a linkage between the BM and cytoskeleton. In this study, we explored the linkage of laminin α5_CD239_spectrin in skeletal muscles. Although laminin α5, CD239, and spectrin were present in embryonic skeletal muscles, they disappeared in adult skeletal muscle tissues, except for the soleus and diaphragm. Laminin α5_CD239_spectrin was localized in the skeletal muscle tissues of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and congenital muscular dystrophy mouse models. The experimental regeneration of skeletal muscle increased the CD239-mediated linkage, indicating that it responds to regeneration, but not to genetic influence. Furthermore, in silico analysis showed that laminin α5_CD239_spectrin was upregulated by steroid therapy for muscular dystrophy. Therefore, CD239-mediated linkage may serve as a therapeutic target to prevent the progression of muscular dystrophy.
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25
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Sheikh MO, Capicciotti CJ, Liu L, Praissman J, Ding D, Mead DG, Brindley MA, Willer T, Campbell KP, Moremen KW, Wells L, Boons GJ. Cell surface glycan engineering reveals that matriglycan alone can recapitulate dystroglycan binding and function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3617. [PMID: 35750689 PMCID: PMC9232514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is uniquely modified on O-mannose sites by a repeating disaccharide (-Xylα1,3-GlcAβ1,3-)n termed matriglycan, which is a receptor for laminin-G domain-containing proteins and employed by old-world arenaviruses for infection. Using chemoenzymatically synthesized matriglycans printed as a microarray, we demonstrate length-dependent binding to Laminin, Lassa virus GP1, and the clinically-important antibody IIH6. Utilizing an enzymatic engineering approach, an N-linked glycoprotein was converted into a IIH6-positive Laminin-binding glycoprotein. Engineering of the surface of cells deficient for either α-DG or O-mannosylation with matriglycans of sufficient length recovers infection with a Lassa-pseudovirus. Finally, free matriglycan in a dose and length dependent manner inhibits viral infection of wildtype cells. These results indicate that matriglycan alone is necessary and sufficient for IIH6 staining, Laminin and LASV GP1 binding, and Lassa-pseudovirus infection and support a model in which it is a tunable receptor for which increasing chain length enhances ligand-binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osman Sheikh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jeremy Praissman
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dahai Ding
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel G Mead
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Willer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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26
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Gaertner A, Burr L, Klauke B, Brodehl A, Laser KT, Klingel K, Tiesmeier J, Schulz U, zu Knyphausen E, Gummert J, Milting H. Compound Heterozygous FKTN Variants in a Patient with Dilated Cardiomyopathy Led to an Aberrant α-Dystroglycan Pattern. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126685. [PMID: 35743126 PMCID: PMC9223741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fukutin encoded by FKTN is a ribitol 5-phosphate transferase involved in glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. It is known that mutations in FKTN affect the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, leading to a dystroglycanopathy. Dystroglycanopathies are a group of syndromes with a broad clinical spectrum including dilated cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy. In this study, we reported the case of a patient with muscular dystrophy, early onset dilated cardiomyopathy, and elevated creatine kinase levels who was a carrier of the compound heterozygous variants p.Ser299Arg and p.Asn442Ser in FKTN. Our work showed that compound heterozygous mutations in FKTN lead to a loss of fully glycosylated α-dystroglycan and result in cardiomyopathy and end-stage heart failure at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gaertner
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Lidia Burr
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Baerbel Klauke
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Kai Thorsten Laser
- Zentrum für Angeborene Herzfehler, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.T.L.); (E.z.K.)
| | - Karin Klingel
- Kardiopathologie, Institut für Pathologie und Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Liebermeisterstraße 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Jens Tiesmeier
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Uwe Schulz
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Edzard zu Knyphausen
- Zentrum für Angeborene Herzfehler, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (K.T.L.); (E.z.K.)
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Herz und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.B.); (B.K.); (A.B.); (J.T.); (U.S.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (H.M.)
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27
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Go S, Sato C, Hane M, Go S, Kitajima K. Implication of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in regulation of cell adhesiveness of C2C12 myoblast cells during differentiation into myotube cells. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:619-631. [PMID: 35639196 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A transition of sialic acid (Sia) species on GM3 ganglioside from N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) takes place in mouse C2C12 myoblast cells during their differentiation into myotube cells. However, the meaning of this Sia transition remains unclear. This study thus aims to gain a functional insight into this phenomenon. The following lines of evidence show that the increased de novo synthesis of Neu5Gc residues in differentiating myoblast cells promotes adhesiveness of the cells, which is beneficial for promotion of differentiation. First, the Sia transition occurred even in the C2C12 cells cultured in serum-free medium, indicating that it happens through de novo synthesis of Neu5Gc. Second, GM3(Neu5Gc) was localized in myoblast cells, but not in myotube cells, and related to expression of the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH) gene. Notably, expression of CMAH precedes myotube formation not only in differentiating C2C12 cells, but also in mouse developing embryos. Since the myoblast cells were attached on the dish surface more strongly than the myotube cells, expression of GM3(Neu5Gc) may be related to the surface attachment of the myoblast cells. Third, exogenous Neu5Gc, but not Neu5Ac, promoted differentiation of C2C12 cells, thus increasing the number of cells committed to fuse with each other. Fourth, the CMAH-transfected C2C12 cells were attached on the gelatin-coated surface much more rapidly than the mock-cells, suggesting that the expression of CMAH promotes cell adhesiveness through the expression of Neu5Gc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Go
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences and Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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28
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Kawakami J, Brooks D, Zalmai R, Hartson SD, Bouyain S, Geisbrecht ER. Complex protein interactions mediate Drosophila Lar function in muscle tissue. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269037. [PMID: 35622884 PMCID: PMC9140312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The type IIa family of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), including Lar, RPTPσ and RPTPδ, are well-studied in coordinating actin cytoskeletal rearrangements during axon guidance and synaptogenesis. To determine whether this regulation is conserved in other tissues, interdisciplinary approaches were utilized to study Lar-RPTPs in the Drosophila musculature. Here we find that the single fly ortholog, Drosophila Lar (Dlar), is localized to the muscle costamere and that a decrease in Dlar causes aberrant sarcomeric patterning, deficits in larval locomotion, and integrin mislocalization. Sequence analysis uncovered an evolutionarily conserved Lys-Gly-Asp (KGD) signature in the extracellular region of Dlar. Since this tripeptide sequence is similar to the integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, we tested the hypothesis that Dlar directly interacts with integrin proteins. However, structural analyses of the fibronectin type III domains of Dlar and two vertebrate orthologs that include this conserved motif indicate that this KGD tripeptide is not accessible and thus unlikely to mediate physical interactions with integrins. These results, together with the proteomics identification of basement membrane (BM) proteins as potential ligands for type IIa RPTPs, suggest a complex network of protein interactions in the extracellular space that may mediate Lar function and/or signaling in muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kawakami
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - David Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Rana Zalmai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Samuel Bouyain
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Erika R. Geisbrecht
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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29
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Li T, Zhang Y, Li T, Zhuang H, Wang F, Wang N, Schmidt RR, Peng P. Divergent Synthesis of Core m1, Core m2 and Core m3
O
‐Mannosyl
Glycopeptides via a Chemoenzymatic Approach. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Youqin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Tong Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Haoru Zhuang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | | | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
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30
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Tokuoka H, Imae R, Nakashima H, Manya H, Masuda C, Hoshino S, Kobayashi K, Lefeber DJ, Matsumoto R, Okada T, Endo T, Kanagawa M, Toda T. CDP-ribitol prodrug treatment ameliorates ISPD-deficient muscular dystrophy mouse model. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1847. [PMID: 35422047 PMCID: PMC9010444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribitol-phosphate modification is crucial for the functional maturation of α-dystroglycan. Its dysfunction is associated with muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and central nervous system abnormalities; however, no effective treatments are currently available for diseases caused by ribitol-phosphate defects. In this study, we demonstrate that prodrug treatments can ameliorate muscular dystrophy caused by defects in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD), which encodes an enzyme that synthesizes CDP-ribitol, a donor substrate for ribitol-phosphate modification. We generated skeletal muscle-selective Ispd conditional knockout mice, leading to a pathogenic reduction in CDP-ribitol levels, abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, and severe muscular dystrophy. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene replacement experiments suggested that the recovery of CDP-ribitol levels rescues the ISPD-deficient pathology. As a prodrug treatment strategy, we developed a series of membrane-permeable CDP-ribitol derivatives, among which tetraacetylated CDP-ribitol ameliorated the dystrophic pathology. In addition, the prodrug successfully rescued abnormal α-dystroglycan glycosylation in patient fibroblasts. Consequently, our findings provide proof-of-concept for supplementation therapy with CDP-ribitol and could accelerate the development of therapeutic agents for muscular dystrophy and other diseases caused by glycosylation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tokuoka
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan ,grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Rieko Imae
- grid.417092.9Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakashima
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- grid.417092.9Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Chiaki Masuda
- grid.410821.e0000 0001 2173 8328Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hoshino
- grid.417092.9Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- grid.417092.9Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan ,grid.255464.40000 0001 1011 3808Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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31
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Deng L, Liang P, Cui H. Pseudotyped lentiviral vectors: Ready for translation into targeted cancer gene therapy? Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492721 PMCID: PMC10363566 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy holds great promise for curing cancer by editing the deleterious genes of tumor cells, but the lack of vector systems for efficient delivery of genetic material into specific tumor sites in vivo has limited its full therapeutic potential in cancer gene therapy. Over the past two decades, increasing studies have shown that lentiviral vectors (LVs) modified with different glycoproteins from a donating virus, a process referred to as pseudotyping, have altered tropism and display cell-type specificity in transduction, leading to selective tumor cell killing. This feature of LVs together with their ability to enable high efficient gene delivery in dividing and non-dividing mammalian cells in vivo make them to be attractive tools in future cancer gene therapy. This review is intended to summarize the status quo of some typical pseudotypings of LVs and their applications in basic anti-cancer studies across many malignancies. The opportunities of translating pseudotyped LVs into clinic use in cancer therapy have also been discussed.
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The Mammary Gland: Basic Structure and Molecular Signaling during Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073883. [PMID: 35409243 PMCID: PMC8998991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a compound, branched tubuloalveolar structure and a major characteristic of mammals. The mammary gland has evolved from epidermal apocrine glands, the skin glands as an accessory reproductive organ to support postnatal survival of offspring by producing milk as a source of nutrition. The mammary gland development begins during embryogenesis as a rudimentary structure that grows into an elementary branched ductal tree and is embedded in one end of a larger mammary fat pad at birth. At the onset of ovarian function at puberty, the rudimentary ductal system undergoes dramatic morphogenetic change with ductal elongation and branching. During pregnancy, the alveolar differentiation and tertiary branching are completed, and during lactation, the mature milk-producing glands eventually develop. The early stages of mammary development are hormonal independent, whereas during puberty and pregnancy, mammary gland development is hormonal dependent. We highlight the current understanding of molecular regulators involved during different stages of mammary gland development.
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Birnbaum F, Eguchi A, Pardon G, Chang ACY, Blau HM. Tamoxifen treatment ameliorates contractile dysfunction of Duchenne muscular dystrophy stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes on bioengineered substrates. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:19. [PMID: 35304486 PMCID: PMC8933505 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive genetic myopathy that leads to heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy by early adulthood. Recent evidence suggests that tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used to treat breast cancer, ameliorates DMD cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism of action of 4-hydroxytamoxifen, the active metabolite of tamoxifen, on cardiomyocyte function remains unclear. To examine the effects of chronic 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment, we used state-of-the-art human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and a bioengineered platform to model DMD. We assessed the beating rate and beating velocity of iPSC-CMs in monolayers and as single cells on micropatterns that promote a physiological cardiomyocyte morphology. We found that 4-hydroxytamoxifen treatment of DMD iPSC-CMs decreased beating rate, increased beating velocity, and ameliorated calcium-handling deficits, leading to prolonged viability. Our study highlights the utility of a bioengineered iPSC-CM platform for drug testing and underscores the potential of repurposing tamoxifen as a therapy for DMD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foster Birnbaum
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asuka Eguchi
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gaspard Pardon
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex C Y Chang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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34
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Sharma K, Singhapakdi K, Maertens P. Echoencephalography of encephalopathy due to congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:412-419. [PMID: 35297514 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Kanya Singhapakdi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Paul Maertens
- Department of Neurology, Child Neurology Division, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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35
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Deficiency of Glycosylated α-Dystroglycan in Ventral Hippocampus Bridges the Destabilization of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors With the Depressive-like Behaviors of Male Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:593-603. [PMID: 35063187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common psychiatric disorder associated with defects in GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) neurotransmission. α-Dystroglycan (α-DG), a cell adhesion molecule known to be essential for skeletal muscle integrity, is also present at inhibitory synapses in the central nervous system and forms a structural element in certain synapses. However, the role of α-DG in the regulation of depressive-like behaviors remains largely unknown. METHODS Depressive-like behaviors were induced by chronic social defeat stress in adult male mice. Surface protein was extracted by a biotin kit, and the expression of protein was detected by Western blotting. Intrahippocampal microinjection of the lentivirus or adeno-associated virus or agrin intervention was carried out using a stereotaxic instrument and followed by behavioral tests. Miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. RESULTS The expression of α-DG and glycosylated α-DG in the ventral hippocampus was significantly lower in chronic social defeat stress-susceptible male mice than in control mice, accompanied by a decreased surface expression of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit and reduced GABAergic neurotransmission. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Dag1 increased the susceptibility of mice to subthreshold stress. Both in vivo administration of agrin and overexpression of like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and restored the decrease in surface expression of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit and the amplitude of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in chronic social defeat stress-exposed mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that glycosylated α-DG plays a role in the pathophysiological process of depressive-like behaviors by regulating the surface expression of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit and GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventral hippocampus.
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36
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Hamed M, Chen J, Li Q. Regulation of Dystroglycan Gene Expression in Early Myoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818701. [PMID: 35330913 PMCID: PMC8940196 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan, a component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, connects the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton to maintain muscle membrane integrity. As such, abnormalities of dystroglycan are linked to different types of muscular dystrophies. In an effort to develop therapeutic approaches to re-establish signal integration for muscle repair and homeostasis, we have previously determined that a clinically approved agonist of retinoid X receptor enhances myoblast differentiation through direct regulation of gene expression of the muscle master regulator MyoD. Using comprehensive omics and molecular analyses, we found that dystroglycan gene expression is responsive to retinoid X receptor-selective signaling in early myoblast differentiation. In addition, the dystroglycan gene is a MyoD target, and residue-specific histone acetylation coincides with the occupancy of histone acetyltransferase p300 at the MyoD binding sites. Consequently, the p300 function is important for rexinoid-augmented dystroglycan gene expression. Finally, dystroglycan plays a role in myoblast differentiation. Our study sheds new light on dystroglycan regulation and function in myoblast differentiation and presents a potential avenue for re-establishing signal integration of a specific chromatin state pharmacologically to overcome muscle pathology and identify additional myogenic interactions for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munerah Hamed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Qiao Li,
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37
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Pennington H, Lee J. Lassa virus glycoprotein complex review: insights into its unique fusion machinery. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20211930. [PMID: 35088070 PMCID: PMC8844875 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV), an arenavirus endemic to West Africa, causes Lassa fever-a lethal hemorrhagic fever. Entry of LASV into the host cell is mediated by the glycoprotein complex (GPC), which is the only protein located on the viral surface and comprises three subunits: glycoprotein 1 (GP1), glycoprotein 2 (GP2), and a stable signal peptide (SSP). The LASV GPC is a class one viral fusion protein, akin to those found in viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, Ebola virus (EBOV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These viruses are enveloped and utilize membrane fusion to deliver their genetic material to the host cell. Like other class one fusion proteins, LASV-mediated membrane fusion occurs through an orchestrated sequence of conformational changes in its GPC. The receptor-binding subunit, GP1, first engages with a host cell receptor then undergoes a unique receptor switch upon delivery to the late endosome. The acidic pH and change in receptor result in the dissociation of GP1, exposing the fusion subunit, GP2, such that fusion can occur. These events ultimately lead to the formation of a fusion pore so that the LASV genetic material is released into the host cell. Interestingly, the mature GPC retains its SSP as a third subunit-a feature that is unique to arenaviruses. Additionally, the fusion domain contains two separate fusion peptides, instead of a standard singular fusion peptide. Here, we give a comprehensive review of the LASV GPC components and their unusual features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie N. Pennington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematics, and Natural Science, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20740, U.S.A
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Computer, Mathematics, and Natural Science, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20740, U.S.A
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38
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The cell adhesion protein dystroglycan affects the structural remodeling of dendritic spines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2506. [PMID: 35169214 PMCID: PMC8847666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG) is a cell membrane protein that binds to the extracellular matrix in various mammalian tissues. The function of DG has been well defined in embryonic development as well as in the proper migration of differentiated neuroblasts in the central nervous system (CNS). Although DG is known to be a target for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cleaved in response to enhanced synaptic activity, the role of DG in the structural remodeling of dendritic spines is still unknown. Here, we report for the first time that the deletion of DG in rat hippocampal cell cultures causes pronounced changes in the density and morphology of dendritic spines. Furthermore, we noted a decrease in laminin, one of the major extracellular partners of DG. We have also observed that the lack of DG evokes alterations in the morphological complexity of astrocytes accompanied by a decrease in the level of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a protein located within astrocyte endfeet surrounding neuronal dendrites and synapses. Regardless of all of these changes, we did not observe any effect of DG silencing on either excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission. Likewise, the knockdown of DG had no effect on Psd-95 protein expression. Our results indicate that DG is involved in dendritic spine remodeling that is not functionally reflected. This may suggest the existence of unknown mechanisms that maintain proper synaptic signaling despite impaired structure of dendritic spines. Presumably, astrocytes are involved in these processes.
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39
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Milcheva RS, Janega P, Petkova SL, Todorova KS, Ivanov DG, Babál P. Absence of ST3Gal2 and ST3Gal4 sialyltransferase expressions in the nurse cell of Trichinella spiralis. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to describe some glycosylation changes in the Nurse cell of Trichinella spiralis in mouse skeletal muscle. Tissue specimens were subjected to lectin histochemistry with Maackia amurensis lectin (MAL), Peanut agglutinin (PNA) and neuraminidase desialylation in order to verify and analyse the structure of α-2,3-sialylated glycoproteins, discovered within the affected sarcoplasm. The expressions of two sialyltransferases were examined by immunohistochemistry. It was found out that the occupied portion of skeletal muscle cell responded with synthesis of presumable sialyl-T-antigen and α-2,3-sialyllactosamine structure, that remained accumulated during the time course of Nurse cell development. The enzymes β-galactoside-α-2,3-sialyltransferases 2 and 4, which could be responsible for the sialylation of each of these structures, were however not present in the invaded muscle portions, although their expressions in the healthy surrounding tissue remained persistent. Our results contribute to the progressive understanding about the amazing abilities of Trichinella spiralis to manipulate the genetic programme of its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Milcheva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P. Janega
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - S. L. Petkova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K. S. Todorova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - D. G. Ivanov
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P. Babál
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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40
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Skeffington KL, Jones FP, Suleiman MS, Caputo M, Brancaccio A, Bigotti MG. Determination of Agrin and Related Proteins Levels as a Function of Age in Human Hearts. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:813904. [PMID: 35355976 PMCID: PMC8959542 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.813904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mature cardiomyocytes are unable to proliferate, preventing the injured adult heart from repairing itself. Studies in rodents have suggested that the extracellular matrix protein agrin promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in the developing heart and that agrin expression is downregulated shortly after birth, resulting in the cessation of proliferation. Agrin based therapies have proven successful at inducing repair in animal models of cardiac injury, however whether similar pathways exist in the human heart is unknown. Methods Right ventricular (RV) biopsies were collected from 40 patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease and the expression of agrin and associated proteins was investigated. Results Agrin transcripts were found in all samples and their levels were significantly negatively correlated to age (p = 0.026), as were laminin transcripts (p = 0.023), whereas no such correlation was found for the other proteins analyzed. No significant correlations for any of the proteins were found when grouping patients by their gender or pathology. Immunohistochemistry and western blots to detect and localize agrin and the other proteins under analysis in RV tissue, confirmed their presence in patients of all ages. Conclusions We show that agrin is progressively downregulated with age in human RV tissue but not as dramatically as has been demonstrated in mice; highlighting both similarities and differences to findings in rodents. Our results lay the groundwork for future studies exploring the potential of agrin-based therapies in the repair of damaged human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Skeffington
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ffion P Jones
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Saadeh Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC)-CNR, Rome, Italy.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Giulia Bigotti
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Donkervoort S, Krause N, Dergai M, Yun P, Koliwer J, Gorokhova S, Geist Hauserman J, Cummings BB, Hu Y, Smith R, Uapinyoying P, Ganesh VS, Ghosh PS, Monaghan KG, Edassery SL, Ferle PE, Silverstein S, Chao KR, Snyder M, Ellingwood S, Bharucha‐Goebel D, Iannaccone ST, Dal Peraro M, Foley AR, Savas JN, Bolduc V, Fasshauer D, Bönnemann CG, Schwake M. BET1 variants establish impaired vesicular transport as a cause for muscular dystrophy with epilepsy. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13787. [PMID: 34779586 PMCID: PMC8649873 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BET1 is required, together with its SNARE complex partners GOSR2, SEC22b, and Syntaxin-5 for fusion of endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles with the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and the cis-Golgi. Here, we report three individuals, from two families, with severe congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) and biallelic variants in BET1 (P1 p.(Asp68His)/p.(Ala45Valfs*2); P2 and P3 homozygous p.(Ile51Ser)). Due to aberrant splicing and frameshifting, the variants in P1 result in low BET1 protein levels and impaired ER-to-Golgi transport. Since in silico modeling suggested that p.(Ile51Ser) interferes with binding to interaction partners other than SNARE complex subunits, we set off and identified novel BET1 interaction partners with low affinity for p.(Ile51Ser) BET1 protein compared to wild-type, among them ERGIC-53. The BET1/ERGIC-53 interaction was validated by endogenous co-immunoprecipitation with both proteins colocalizing to the ERGIC compartment. Mislocalization of ERGIC-53 was observed in P1 and P2's derived fibroblasts; while in the p.(Ile51Ser) P2 fibroblasts specifically, mutant BET1 was also mislocalized along with ERGIC-53. Thus, we establish BET1 as a novel CMD/epilepsy gene and confirm the emerging role of ER/Golgi SNAREs in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Niklas Krause
- Biochemistry III/Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Mykola Dergai
- Department of Fundamental NeurosciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Pomi Yun
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Judith Koliwer
- Biochemistry III/Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Svetlana Gorokhova
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Service de Génétique MédicaleHôpital de la Timone, APHMMarseilleFrance
- INSERM, U1251‐MMGAix‐Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Janelle Geist Hauserman
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Beryl B Cummings
- Center for Mendelian GenomicsProgram in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Ying Hu
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Prech Uapinyoying
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Research for Genetic MedicineChildren's National Medical CenterWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Vijay S Ganesh
- Center for Mendelian GenomicsProgram in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of NeurologyBrigham & Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Partha S Ghosh
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Seby L Edassery
- Department of NeurologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Pia E Ferle
- Biochemistry III/Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Sarah Silverstein
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Rutgers New Jersey School of MedicineNewarkNJUSA
- Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institute of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Katherine R Chao
- Center for Mendelian GenomicsProgram in Medical and Population GeneticsBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Molly Snyder
- Department of NeurologyChildren's HealthDallasTXUSA
| | | | - Diana Bharucha‐Goebel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Division of NeurologyChildren’s National Medical CenterWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Susan T Iannaccone
- Division of Pediatric NeurologyDepartments of Pediatrics, Neurology and NeurotherapeuticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of Life SciencesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of NeurologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
| | - Véronique Bolduc
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Dirk Fasshauer
- Department of Fundamental NeurosciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood SectionNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Michael Schwake
- Biochemistry III/Faculty of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
- Department of NeurologyFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA
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42
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Coffey LN, Stephan CM, Zimmerman MB, Decker CK, Mathews KD. Diagnostic delay in patients with FKRP-related muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1235-1240. [PMID: 34857438 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic journey for people with FKRP mutations participating in a dystroglycanopathy natural history study (n = 68; NCT00313677) was analyzed. Earliest symptoms and age at muscular dystrophy diagnosis were abstracted from subject-reported medical history and record review. Initial signs/symptoms were classified as chronic motor dysfunction (e.g., delayed motor milestones, weakness, falling; n = 40, 59%), elevated transaminases (n = 7, 10%), or acute/intermittent symptoms (myoglobinuria, myalgia, febrile illness-associated acute weakness; n = 21, 31%). Median time from sign/symptom onset to diagnosis was 6.5 years and differed by symptom group: 7.5 years for motor group, 9 years for acute/intermittent group, and 4 years for elevated transaminases group. The sign/symptom category that most commonly resulted in a diagnosis was chronic motor dysfunction (n = 45). Of those without clear weakness as first symptom (n = 55), 36.4% were not diagnosed with MD until weakness became apparent. Median time to diagnosis was shortest for those with febrile illness-associated acute weakness (0.25 years). Median time from first sign/symptom to MD diagnosis has decreased incrementally from 18.8 years for those with onset in the 1970s to < 10 years for symptom onset occurring after 2000. Awareness of disease presentation variability will aid in earlier diagnosis, which is increasingly important with treatments in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Coffey
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 375 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Carrie M Stephan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - M B Zimmerman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chyan K Decker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Katherine D Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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43
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Ortiz-Cordero C, Bincoletto C, Dhoke NR, Selvaraj S, Magli A, Zhou H, Kim DH, Bang AG, Perlingeiro RCR. Defective autophagy and increased apoptosis contribute toward the pathogenesis of FKRP-associated muscular dystrophies. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2752-2767. [PMID: 34653404 PMCID: PMC8581053 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) is a glycosyltransferase involved in glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG). Mutations in FKRP are associated with muscular dystrophies (MD) ranging from limb-girdle LGMDR9 to Walker-Warburg Syndrome (WWS), a severe type of congenital MD. Although hypoglycosylation of α-DG is the main hallmark of this group of diseases, a full understanding of the underlying pathophysiology is still missing. Here, we investigated molecular mechanisms impaired by FKRP mutations in pluripotent stem (PS) cell–derived myotubes. FKRP-deficient myotubes show transcriptome alterations in genes involved in extracellular matrix receptor interactions, calcium signaling, PI3K-Akt pathway, and lysosomal function. Accordingly, using a panel of patient-specific LGMDR9 and WWS induced PS cell–derived myotubes, we found a significant reduction in the autophagy-lysosome pathway for both disease phenotypes. In addition, we show that WWS myotubes display decreased ERK1/2 activity and increased apoptosis, which were restored in gene edited myotubes. Our results suggest the autophagy-lysosome pathway and apoptosis may contribute to the FKRP-associated MD pathogenesis. The lysosome pathway is deregulated in FKRP-deficient myotubes Autophagy is decreased in patient-specific LGMDR9 and WWS iPS cell–derived myotubes FKRP WWS and LGMDR9 iPS cell–derived myotubes have increased apoptosis FKRP correction in WWS myotubes rescues changes in autophagy and apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ortiz-Cordero
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neha R Dhoke
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sridhar Selvaraj
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Haowen Zhou
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anne G Bang
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 4-128 CCRB, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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44
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Biosynthetic Mechanisms and Biological Significance of Glycerol Phosphate-Containing Glycan in Mammals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216675. [PMID: 34771084 PMCID: PMC8587909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria contain glycerol phosphate (GroP)-containing glycans, which are important constituents of cell-surface glycopolymers such as the teichoic acids of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls. These glycopolymers comprising GroP play crucial roles in bacterial physiology and virulence. Recently, the first identification of a GroP-containing glycan in mammals was reported as a variant form of O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan (α-DG). However, the biological significance of such GroP modification remains largely unknown. In this review, we provide an overview of this new discovery of GroP-containing glycan in mammals and then outline the recent progress in elucidating the biosynthetic mechanisms of GroP-containing glycans on α-DG. In addition, we discuss the potential biological role of GroP modification along with the challenges and prospects for further research. The progress in this newly identified glycan modification will provide insights into the phylogenetic implications of glycan.
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45
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Bigotti MG, Brancaccio A. High degree of conservation of the enzymes synthesizing the laminin-binding glycoepitope of α-dystroglycan. Open Biol 2021; 11:210104. [PMID: 34582712 PMCID: PMC8478517 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dystroglycan (DG) complex plays a pivotal role for the stabilization of muscles in Metazoa. It is formed by two subunits, extracellular α-DG and transmembrane β-DG, originating from a unique precursor via a complex post-translational maturation process. The α-DG subunit is extensively glycosylated in sequential steps by several specific enzymes and employs such glycan scaffold to tightly bind basement membrane molecules. Mutations of several of these enzymes cause an alteration of the carbohydrate structure of α-DG, resulting in severe neuromuscular disorders collectively named dystroglycanopathies. Given the fundamental role played by DG in muscle stability, it is biochemically and clinically relevant to investigate these post-translational modifying enzymes from an evolutionary perspective. A first phylogenetic history of the thirteen enzymes involved in the fabrication of the so-called 'M3 core' laminin-binding epitope has been traced by an overall sequence comparison approach, and interesting details on the primordial enzyme set have emerged, as well as substantial conservation in Metazoa. The optimization along with the evolution of a well-conserved enzymatic set responsible for the glycosylation of α-DG indicate the importance of the glycosylation shell in modulating the connection between sarcolemma and surrounding basement membranes to increase skeletal muscle stability, and eventually support movement and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bigotti
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK,School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ‘Giulio Natta’ (SCITEC) - CNR, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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46
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Joseph S, Campbell KP. Lassa Fever Virus Binds Matriglycan-A Polymer of Alternating Xylose and Glucuronate-On α-Dystroglycan. Viruses 2021; 13:1679. [PMID: 34578260 PMCID: PMC8473316 DOI: 10.3390/v13091679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever virus (LASV) can cause life-threatening hemorrhagic fevers for which there are currently no vaccines or targeted treatments. The late Prof. Stefan Kunz, along with others, showed that the high-affinity host receptor for LASV, and other Old World and clade-C New World mammarenaviruses, is matriglycan-a linear repeating disaccharide of alternating xylose and glucuronic acid that is polymerized uniquely on α-dystroglycan by like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-1 (LARGE1). Although α-dystroglycan is ubiquitously expressed, LASV preferentially infects vascular endothelia and professional phagocytic cells, which suggests that viral entry requires additional cell-specific factors. In this review, we highlight the work of Stefan Kunz detailing the molecular mechanism of LASV binding and discuss the requirements of receptors, such as tyrosine kinases, for internalization through apoptotic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin P. Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
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47
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The role of basement membranes in cardiac biology and disease. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229516. [PMID: 34382650 PMCID: PMC8390786 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes are highly specialised extracellular matrix structures that within the heart underlie endothelial cells and surround cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. They generate a dynamic and structurally supportive environment throughout cardiac development and maturation by providing physical anchorage to the underlying interstitium, structural support to the tissue, and by influencing cell behaviour and signalling. While this provides a strong link between basement membrane dysfunction and cardiac disease, the role of the basement membrane in cardiac biology remains under-researched and our understanding regarding the mechanistic interplay between basement membrane defects and their morphological and functional consequences remain important knowledge-gaps. In this review we bring together emerging understanding of basement membrane defects within the heart including in common cardiovascular pathologies such as contractile dysfunction and highlight some key questions that are now ready to be addressed.
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48
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Miller DS, Wright KM. Neuronal Dystroglycan regulates postnatal development of CCK/cannabinoid receptor-1 interneurons. Neural Dev 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 34362433 PMCID: PMC8349015 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-021-00153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of functional neural circuits requires the precise formation of synaptic connections between diverse neuronal populations. The molecular pathways that allow GABAergic interneuron subtypes in the mammalian brain to initially recognize their postsynaptic partners remain largely unknown. The transmembrane glycoprotein Dystroglycan is localized to inhibitory synapses in pyramidal neurons, where it is required for the proper function of CCK+ interneurons. However, the precise temporal requirement for Dystroglycan during inhibitory synapse development has not been examined. Methods In this study, we use NEXCre or Camk2aCreERT2 to conditionally delete Dystroglycan from newly-born or adult pyramidal neurons, respectively. We then analyze forebrain development from postnatal day 3 through adulthood, with a particular focus on CCK+ interneurons. Results In the absence of postsynaptic Dystroglycan in developing pyramidal neurons, presynaptic CCK+ interneurons fail to elaborate their axons and largely disappear from the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and olfactory bulb during the first two postnatal weeks. Other interneuron subtypes are unaffected, indicating that CCK+ interneurons are unique in their requirement for postsynaptic Dystroglycan. Dystroglycan does not appear to be required in adult pyramidal neurons to maintain CCK+ interneurons. Bax deletion did not rescue CCK+ interneurons in Dystroglycan mutants during development, suggesting that they are not eliminated by canonical apoptosis. Rather, we observed increased innervation of the striatum, suggesting that the few remaining CCK+ interneurons re-directed their axons to neighboring areas where Dystroglycan expression remained intact. Conclusion Together these findings show that Dystroglycan functions as part of a synaptic partner recognition complex that is required early for CCK+ interneuron development in the forebrain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13064-021-00153-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Miller
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, VIB 3435A, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L474, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.
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49
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Torres AG, Rodríguez-Escribà M, Marcet-Houben M, Santos Vieira H, Camacho N, Catena H, Murillo Recio M, Rafels-Ybern À, Reina O, Torres F, Pardo-Saganta A, Gabaldón T, Novoa E, Ribas de Pouplana L. Human tRNAs with inosine 34 are essential to efficiently translate eukarya-specific low-complexity proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7011-7034. [PMID: 34125917 PMCID: PMC8266599 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position (I34) of tRNA anticodons is an abundant and essential feature of eukaryotic tRNAs. The expansion of inosine-containing tRNAs in eukaryotes followed the transformation of the homodimeric bacterial enzyme TadA, which generates I34 in tRNAArg and tRNALeu, into the heterodimeric eukaryotic enzyme ADAT, which modifies up to eight different tRNAs. The emergence of ADAT and its larger set of substrates, strongly influenced the tRNA composition and codon usage of eukaryotic genomes. However, the selective advantages that drove the expansion of I34-tRNAs remain unknown. Here we investigate the functional relevance of I34-tRNAs in human cells and show that a full complement of these tRNAs is necessary for the translation of low-complexity protein domains enriched in amino acids cognate for I34-tRNAs. The coding sequences for these domains require codons translated by I34-tRNAs, in detriment of synonymous codons that use other tRNAs. I34-tRNA-dependent low-complexity proteins are enriched in functional categories related to cell adhesion, and depletion in I34-tRNAs leads to cellular phenotypes consistent with these roles. We show that the distribution of these low-complexity proteins mirrors the distribution of I34-tRNAs in the phylogenetic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gabriel Torres
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Escribà
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Marina Marcet-Houben
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Camacho
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Helena Catena
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Marina Murillo Recio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Àlbert Rafels-Ybern
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Oscar Reina
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Francisco Miguel Torres
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Ana Pardo-Saganta
- Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA Universidad de Navarra), Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Catalonia 08010, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Novoa
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Lluís Ribas de Pouplana
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Catalonia 08010, Spain
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50
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Souza ATP, Lopes HB, Oliveira FS, Weffort D, Freitas GP, Adolpho LF, Fernandes RR, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. The extracellular matrix protein Agrin is expressed by osteoblasts and contributes to their differentiation. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:335-347. [PMID: 34223979 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein Agrin has been detected in chondrocytes and endosteal osteoblasts but its function in osteoblast differentiation has not been investigated yet. Thus, it is possible that Agrin contributes to osteoblast differentiation and, due to Agrin and wingless-related integration site (Wnt) sharing the same receptor, transmembrane low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4), and the crosstalk between Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, both pathways could be involved in this Agrin-mediated osteoblast differentiation. Confirming this, Agrin and its receptors Lrp4 and α-dystroglycan (Dag1) were expressed during differentiation of osteoblasts from three different sources. Moreover, the disruption of Agrin impaired the expression of its receptors and osteoblast differentiation, and the treatment with recombinant Agrin slightly increase this process. In addition, whilst Agrin knockdown downregulated the expression of genes related to Wnt and BMP signalling pathways, the addition of Agrin had no effect on these genes. Altogether, these data uncover the contribution of Agrin to osteoblast differentiation and suggest that, at least in part, an Agrin-Wnt-BMP circuit is involved in this process. This makes Agrin a candidate as target for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat bone-related diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Bacha Lopes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Singaretti Oliveira
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Weffort
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gileade Pereira Freitas
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Faustino Adolpho
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Rodrigo Fernandes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Mateus Beloti
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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