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de la Bastide C, Soares L, Lui LY, Harrington J, Cawthon P, Orwoll E, Kado D, Meliker J. A protocol for the prospective study of urinary cadmium with risk of fracture, bone loss, and muscle loss. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad006. [PMID: 38505523 PMCID: PMC10945722 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal and natural element found in soil and crops with increasing concentrations linked to phosphate fertilizers and sewage sludge applied to crop lands. A large fraction of older US men and woman have documented Cd exposure. Cd exposure has proven health concerns such as risk of lung cancer from inhalation and impaired renal function; however, growing evidence suggests it also influences bone and muscle health. Given that low levels of Cd could affect bone and muscle, we have designed prospective studies using the two largest and most detailed US studies of bone health in older men and women: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. We are investigating the association of urinary cadmium (U-Cd), as a surrogate for long-term Cd exposure, with bone and muscle health. Building off suggestive evidence from mechanistic and cross-sectional studies, this will be the first well-powered prospective study of incident fracture outcomes, bone loss, and muscle loss in relation to U-Cd, an established biomarker of long-term Cd exposure. The following is a proposed protocol for the intended study; if successful, the proposed studies could be influential in directing future US policy to decrease Cd exposure in the US population similar to recent policies adopted by the European Union to limit Cd in fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lissa Soares
- Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States
| | - Li-Yung Lui
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States
| | - James Harrington
- Analytical Science Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, United States
| | - Peggy Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States
| | - Eric Orwoll
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Deborah Kado
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94303, United States
| | - Jaymie Meliker
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States
- Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States
- Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States
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2
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Zhang R, Ni Z, Wei M, Cui Y, Zhou H, Di D, Wang Q. Composite dietary antioxidant intake and osteoporosis likelihood in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a population-based study in the United States. Menopause 2023; 30:529-538. [PMID: 36944153 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, reduced bone strength, and increased fracture risk. We aimed to investigate the association between combined dietary antioxidant intake and the likelihood of osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS Nutrient intake data were obtained using two 24-hour recalls. Composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), which refers to the intake amounts of β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, copper, and iron, was then constructed. Prevalent osteoporosis was defined according to bone mineral density T scores of ≤ -2.5 and self-reports. Multiple logistic and Poisson regression models were used for association analyses. RESULTS A total of 3,418 participants (1,157 premenopausal and 2,261 postmenopausal women) 40 years or older were included, 776 (22.70%) of whom had prevalent osteoporosis. In terms of individual nutrients, postmenopausal women in the highest CDAI quartiles for dietary β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron intakes had a low likelihood of osteoporosis. Regarding the CDAI-osteoporosis association, postmenopausal women in the highest quartile were less likely to have osteoporosis (OR Q3 vs Q1 , 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.96; OR Q4 vs Q1 , 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.89; P for trend = 0.013), after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS CDAI was negatively associated with the likelihood of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Our findings suggest that the combined intake of antioxidant nutrients can help reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zemin Ni
- Women and Children Medical Center for Jiang-an District, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhong Wei
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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The role of calcium, Akt and ERK signaling in cadmium-induced hair cell death. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 124:103815. [PMID: 36634791 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals has been shown to cause damage to a variety of different tissues and cell types including hair cells, the sensory cells of our inner ears responsible for hearing and balance. Elevated levels of one such metal, cadmium, have been associated with hearing loss and shown to cause hair cell death in multiple experimental models. While the mechanisms of cadmium-induced cell death have been extensively studied in other cell types they remain relatively unknown in hair cells. We have found that calcium signaling, which is known to play a role in cadmium-induced cell death in other cell types through calmodulin and CaMKII activation as well as IP3 receptor and mitochondrial calcium uniporter mediated calcium flow, does not appear to play a significant role in cadmium-induced hair cell death. While calmodulin inhibition can partially protect hair cells this may be due to impacts on mechanotransduction activity. Removal of extracellular calcium, and inhibiting CaMKII, the IP3 receptor and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter all failed to protect against cadmium-induced hair cell death. We also found cadmium treatment increased pAkt levels in hair cells and pERK levels in supporting cells. This activation may be protective as inhibiting these pathways enhances cadmium-induced hair cell death rather than protecting cells. Thus cadmium-induced hair cell death appears distinct from cadmium-induced cell death in other cell types where calcium, Akt and ERK signaling all promote cell death.
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Satarug S, Vesey DA, Gobe GC, Phelps KR. Estimation of health risks associated with dietary cadmium exposure. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:329-358. [PMID: 36592197 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In much of the world, currently employed upper limits of tolerable intake and acceptable excretion of cadmium (Cd) (ECd/Ecr) are 0.83 µg/kg body weight/day and 5.24 µg/g creatinine, respectively. These figures were derived from a risk assessment model that interpreted β2-microglobulin (β2MG) excretion > 300 μg/g creatinine as a "critical" endpoint. However, current evidence suggests that Cd accumulation reduces glomerular filtration rate at values of ECd/Ecr much lower than 5.24 µg/g creatinine. Low ECd/Ecr has also been associated with increased risks of kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer, and other disorders. These associations have cast considerable doubt on conventional guidelines. The goals of this paper are to evaluate whether these guidelines are low enough to minimize associated health risks reliably, and indeed whether permissible intake of a cumulative toxin like Cd is a valid concept. We highlight sources and levels of Cd in the human diet and review absorption, distribution, kidney accumulation, and excretion of the metal. We present evidence for the following propositions: excreted Cd emanates from injured tubular epithelial cells of the kidney; Cd excretion is a manifestation of current tissue injury; reduction of present and future exposure to environmental Cd cannot mitigate injury in progress; and Cd excretion is optimally expressed as a function of creatinine clearance rather than creatinine excretion. We comprehensively review the adverse health effects of Cd and urine and blood Cd levels at which adverse effects have been observed. The cumulative nature of Cd toxicity and the susceptibility of multiple organs to toxicity at low body burdens raise serious doubt that guidelines concerning permissible intake of Cd can be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soisungwan Satarug
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Level 5, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - David A Vesey
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Level 5, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Level 5, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for CKD QLD, UQ Health Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth R Phelps
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Kim B, Rhie M, Park S, Kim HS, Kwon JA. Nonlinear Associations between Blood Cadmium Concentration and Thyroid Hormones According to Smoking Status in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). TOXICS 2023; 11:129. [PMID: 36851004 PMCID: PMC9958680 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on the association between blood cadmium (BCd) exposure and thyroid hormone levels in the general population has been inconclusive. Therefore, we examined the associations between BCd and thyroid hormones according to smoking status in Korean adults (N = 1170, Men = 722, Women = 448) using multiple linear regression and restricted cubic splines analysis with data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013). The geometric mean of BCd was 0.74 μg/L in all study participants and was higher in smokers (1.01 μg/L) than in nonsmokers (0.65 μg/L). Restricted cubic splines analysis revealed nonlinear trends between BCd and free thyroxine in smokers (p for nonlinearity = 0.02). By contrast, there were no significant associations between BCd and thyroid hormones in either men or women. In conclusion, nonlinear associations may exist between BCd and free thyroxine in smokers. Our study provides empirical support for the future formulation of an acceptable concentration range of BCd and offers a new concept for preventing thyroid problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
- Center of Tobacco Control, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Minshik Rhie
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Park
- Public Health at Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seon Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeoung A Kwon
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Chen Y, Tang W, Li H, Lv J, Chang L, Chen S. Composite dietary antioxidant index negatively correlates with osteoporosis among middle-aged and older US populations. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:1300-1308. [PMID: 36915799 PMCID: PMC10006777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) is associated with osteoporosis (OP) in middle-aged and older US populations. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey and identified individuals aged 40-85 years (n=11,664) from secondary datasets from the 2007-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD), and OP was defined as a BMD T-score ≤-2.5 at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. The CDAI score was calculated based on dietary data from the first NHANES 24-hour dietary recall. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between CDAI and OP. RESULTS Among the 11,664 participants, the average age was 60.3 (11.8), 5,898 (50.6%) were female, and 925 (7.9%) had OP. The median CDAI was -2.0 (interquartile range, -6.9 to 4.2). After adjusting for age, sex, race, family income, body mass index, physical activity, calorie intake, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking and drinking status, hypertension, and diabetes, the CDAI was associated with OP (odds ratio (OR), 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99). Participants in the highest CDAI quantile were at low risk of osteoporosis (OR, 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.85) versus those in the lowest quantile. Moreover, this association was stable in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Dietary antioxidant ability assessed by using the CDAI was inversely associated with OP among US adults aged 40-85 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital Dongguan 523560, Guangdong, China
| | - Weishang Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital Dongguan 523560, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijing Li
- Department of Gynecology, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital Dongguan 523560, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiesen Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital Dongguan 523560, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Chang
- Department of Gynecology, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital Dongguan 523560, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohui Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Dongguan Eastern Central Hospital Dongguan 523560, Guangdong, China
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Huang JW, Fang WH, Chen WL. Detrimental Association Between Blood Cadmium Concentration and Trabecular Bone Score. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:82-89. [PMID: 35137281 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis has been recognized as a significant cause of disability in the elderly leading to heavy socioeconomic burden. Current measurements such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and bone mineral density (BMD) have limitations. In contrast, trabecular bone score (TBS) is an emerging tool for bone quality assessment. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between TBS and trace elements (cadmium and lead). We analyzed all subjects from the 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset and included a total of 8,244 participants in our study; 49.4% of the enrolled subjects were male. We used blood cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations to define environmental exposure. The main variables were TBS and BMD. Other significant demographic features were included as covariates and later adjusted using linear regression models to determine the association between TBS and four quartiles based on the blood trace element concentrations with or without sex differences. The fully adjusted regression model revealed a negative relationship between TBS and blood cadmium (B-Cd) significant for both males and females (both p < 0.05). The β-coefficient for males was -0.009 (95% confidence intervals (CI): (-0.015 to -0.004)) and -0.019 for female (95% CI: (-0.024 to -0.013)). We also found a dose-dependent relationship between TBS and B-Cd for both sexes (both trend's p < 0.05). Our study concluded that TBS could measure Cd-related bone quality deterioration for both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Huang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China.
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Kunioka CT, Manso MC, Carvalho M. Association between Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Osteoporosis Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:485. [PMID: 36612804 PMCID: PMC9820024 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common and serious health issue among postmenopausal women. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis study to determine whether environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) is a risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis. A PROSPERO-registered review of the literature was performed on studies evaluating the relationship between urinary Cd (UCd) concentration, an indicator of long-term Cd exposure, and bone mineral density or osteoporosis in women aged 50 years and older. PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and B-on databases were searched for articles published between 2008 and 2021. The association between UCd levels and osteoporosis risk was assessed by pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effect models. Ten cross-sectional studies were included in the qualitative analysis, of which five were used for meta-analysis. We separately assessed the risk of osteoporosis in women exposed to Cd at low environmental levels (n = 5895; UCd ≥ 0.5 μg/g creatinine versus UCd < 0.5 μg/g creatinine) and high environmental levels (n = 1864; UCd ≥ 5 μg/g creatinine versus UCd < 5 μg/g creatinine). The pooled OR for postmenopausal osteoporosis was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.39−2.73, p < 0.001) in the low exposure level group and 1.99 (95% CI: 1.04−3.82, p = 0.040) in the high exposure level group. This study indicates that environmental Cd exposure, even at low levels, may be a risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Further research based on prospective studies is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tadashi Kunioka
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE), Cascavel 85819-110, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Conceição Manso
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Wan Y, Mo LJ, Wu L, Li DL, Song J, Hu YK, Huang HB, Wei QZ, Wang DP, Qiu JM, Zhang ZJ, Liu QZ, Yang XF. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is involved in cadmium-associated bone damage. Toxicol Sci 2022; 191:201-211. [PMID: 36453845 PMCID: PMC9936213 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-characterized bone toxic agent and can induce bone damage via inhibiting osteogenic differentiation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD signaling pathway can mediate osteogenic differentiation, but the association between Cd and BMP/SMAD signaling pathway is yet to be illuminated. To understand what elements of BMPs and SMADs are affected by Cd to influence osteogenic differentiation and if BMPs can be the biomarkers of which Cd-induced osteoporosis, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in vitro to detect the expression of BMPs and SMADs, and 134 subjects were enrolled to explore if the BMPs can be potential biomarkers of Cd-associated bone damage. Our results showed that Cd exposure significantly promoted the adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and inhibited its osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting the expression of BMP-2/4, SMAD4, and p-SMAD1/5/9 complex. And mediation analyses yielded that BMP-4 mediated 39.32% (95% confidence interval 7.47, 85.00) of the total association between the Cd and the risk of Cd-associated bone damage. Moreover, during differentiation, BMP-4 had the potential to enhance mineralization compared with CdCl2 only group. These results reveal that BMP-4 can be a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for Cd-associated bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong-li Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Song
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - You-kun Hu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-bin Huang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin-zhi Wei
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-peng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-min Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510920, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-ji Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-zhan Liu
- To whom correspondences should be addressed at Xing-fen Yang, Food Safely and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of tropical Disease Reascarch, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Mdical Universtiy, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. E-mail: or at Qi-zhan Liu, Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People s Republic of China. E-mail: .
| | - Xing-fen Yang
- To whom correspondences should be addressed at Xing-fen Yang, Food Safely and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of tropical Disease Reascarch, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Mdical Universtiy, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. E-mail: or at Qi-zhan Liu, Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People s Republic of China. E-mail: .
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10
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Schaefer HR, Flannery BM, Crosby L, Jones-Dominic OE, Punzalan C, Middleton K. A systematic review of adverse health effects associated with oral cadmium exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 134:105243. [PMID: 35981600 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Scientific data characterizing the adverse health effects associated with dietary cadmium (Cd) exposure were identified in order to make informed decisions about the most appropriate toxicological reference value (TRV) for use in assessing dietary Cd exposure. Several TRVs are available for Cd and regulatory organizations have used epidemiologic studies to derive these reference values; however, risk of bias (RoB) evaluations were not included in the assessments. We performed a systematic review by conducting a thorough literature search (through January 4, 2020). There were 1714 references identified by the search strings and 328 studies identified in regulatory assessments. After applying the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 208 studies (Human: 105, Animal: 103) were considered eligible for further review and data extraction. For the epidemiologic and animal studies, the critical effects identified for oral Cd exposure from the eligible studies were a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and renal tubular degeneration. A RoB analysis was completed for 49 studies (30 epidemiological and 19 animal) investigating these endpoints. The studies identified through the SR that were considered high quality and low RoB (2 human and 5 animal) can be used to characterize dose-response relationships and inform the derivation of a Cd TRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Schaefer
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Brenna M Flannery
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Crosby
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Olivia E Jones-Dominic
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cecile Punzalan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Karlyn Middleton
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
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11
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Park RM, An Y. Continuous NHANES survey data for environmental ambient and occupational hazard identification-feasibility and preliminary findings for osteoporosis and kidney disease. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:489-499. [PMID: 35727158 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2088769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Continuous NHANES Survey provides detailed health and environmental chemical burden information on the U.S. population. As of 2012, there were data for 72,000 participants. Based on single biomarker determinations, cumulative burdens were estimated. Because age distributions would differ comparing ambient environmental and occupational exposures, a procedure to distinguish ambient from likely occupational exposures was applied. Associations are reported for osteoporosis and kidney disease-related outcomes with cadmium, lead, and other metals. Cumulative cadmium burden (from blood cadmium, ambient and occupational) was a strong predictor of bone fracture risk and ambient tungsten also had a positive association. Cumulative lead (ambient and occupational) had a negative ("protective") association with fractures as did mercury (occupational). Bone mineral density was statistically significant and similarly predicted by metal exposures. Kidney disease was significantly associated with cumulative lead burdens from both the estimated ambient and occupational sources and with ambient blood cadmium but was most strongly associated with cumulative occupational uranium burden. Systolic blood pressure statistically significantly increased with cumulative ambient and occupational lead (blood) burden and with ambient cadmium and cobalt. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly associated with several cadmium and cobalt metrics along with ambient and occupational cumulative burdens for lead. For environmental substances with burden half-lives measured in years, NHANES offers opportunities for hypothesis generation and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu An
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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12
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Long-Term Sex-Specific Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Osteoporosis and Bone Density: A 10-Year Community-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102899. [PMID: 35629026 PMCID: PMC9145052 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the long-term effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on osteoporosis incidence and bone mineral density (BMD). This retrospective cohort study included men aged ≥50 years and post-menopausal women from the 2001−2002 Korea Genome and Epidemiology Study. Participants previously diagnosed with osteoporosis were excluded. Blood Cd concentrations were measured and categorized as <0.5, 0.5−1.0, and >1.0 μg/L. BMD was measured using quantitative ultrasound. Osteoporosis was diagnosed when the T-score was ≤−2.5. Confounders that affect exposure and outcome were controlled. Osteoporosis incidence and differences in BMD (ΔBMD) were assessed until 2012. The osteoporosis incidence among 243 participants who were followed up for an average of 6.3 years was 22.2%. In all the participants, a dose−response relationship was observed between blood Cd and incident osteoporosis and ΔBMD (both p-for-trend < 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, creatinine, and baseline BMD, a blood Cd concentration of >1.0 μg/L was an independent risk factor for incident osteoporosis and decrements in ΔBMD. In women, blood Cd concentrations of >0.5 μg/L increased the risk for osteoporosis. Exposure to Cd prospectively increases the risk for osteoporosis and decrements of ΔBMD, particularly in women, even in lower doses of Cd.
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Torres-Rodríguez HF, Graniel-Amador MA, Cruz-Camacho CJ, Cantú-Martínez AA, Martínez-Martínez A, Petricevich VL, Montes S, Castañeda-Corral G, Jiménez-Andrade JM. Characterization of pain-related behaviors, changes in bone microarchitecture and sensory innervation induced by chronic cadmium exposure in adult mice. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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The preferential accumulation of cadmium ions among various tissues in mice. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:111-119. [PMID: 35059304 PMCID: PMC8760390 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is hazardous to human health because of its toxicity and long half-life of clearance. Many studies have explored the relationship between chronic Cd exposure and different human diseases. However, most of the studies limited the study targets of Cd toxicity to two or three organ systems. The goal of this study was to establish a mouse model of Cd accumulation in most organ systems and to particularly investigate the potential toxic effects of Cd to the cardiovascular system. Mice were divided into three groups: the control group, Cd-100 group, and Cd-200 group. In the control group, Cd was detected in the kidney, lung, liver, heart and urine but was undetectable in the aorta, intestine, thigh bone, spinal bone and serum. Upon chronic exposure in the Cd-100 and Cd-200 groups, Cd accumulated in all tissues, with a dramatic increase in concentration. We confirmed that Cd could accumulate significantly in the heart and aorta upon chronic exposure. This finding might help to explain the potential toxic effects of Cd on these organs. In addition, the calcium concentration in the bones and kidney declined when the exposure to Cd increased. This finding aligned with the negative effects of Cd on bony mineralization and the potential direct toxic effects of Cd on bones. The impacts of Cd on the cardiovascular system were explored. Histologically, chronic Cd exposure led to myocytes hypertrophy and myocardial architecture disarray in the Cd-100 group compared to those in the control group. Our research confirms that Cd can accumulate in all of the organs studied upon chronic exposure, and suggests that the toxicity of Cd accumulation may play important roles in mediating the pathophysiologic effects in these target organs, especially the bone and heart.
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Salcedo-Bellido I, Gómez-Peña C, Pérez-Carrascosa FM, Vrhovnik P, Mustieles V, Echeverría R, Fiket Ž, Pérez-Díaz C, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Arrebola JP. Adipose tissue cadmium concentrations as a potential risk factor for insulin resistance and future type 2 diabetes mellitus in GraMo adult cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146359. [PMID: 34030321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been recently highlighted as a promising matrix for evaluation of cadmium's (Cd) long-term exposure although not frequently considered in epidemiological studies. The association between Cd exposure and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This work aimed to explore the association between adipose tissue Cd levels and T2DM incidence over a 16-year follow-up in an adult cohort from Southern Spain considering smoking status. We also performed complementary cross-sectional analyses focused on subclinical markers of glucose homeostasis at recruitment. Clinical information was obtained from hospital databases. Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and diet were collected by face-to-face interviews. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values of insulin sensitivity/resistance and β-cell function were calculated using fasting serum glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels at recruitment. Adipose tissue Cd concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were performed by means of Cox-regression and multivariable linear regression models. Participants in the 4th quartile (Q4) of Cd concentrations showed a non statistically-significant increased T2DM risk (Hazard Ratio (HR) Q4 vs Q1: 1.97; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.69, 5.66). This association was particularly strong and suggestive in current smokers (HR: 2.19; 95% CI: 0.98, 4.98). Interestingly, smokers in the 2nd tertile (T2) of adipose tissue Cd levels showed increased log-transformed insulin resistance (beta T2 vs T1: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.97), as well as higher log-transformed insulin levels (beta T2 vs T1: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.95). We found evidences supporting that Cd exposure, particularly from tobacco smoking, could be a risk factor for T2DM. In addition, our results support the potential relevance of adipose tissue as a matrix for Cd exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Gómez-Peña
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M Pérez-Carrascosa
- Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; Radiation Oncology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Petra Vrhovnik
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Granada, Spain
| | - Ruth Echeverría
- Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
| | - Željka Fiket
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Celia Pérez-Díaz
- Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Lien KW, Pan MH, Ling MP. Levels of heavy metal cadmium in rice (Oryza sativa L.) produced in Taiwan and probabilistic risk assessment for the Taiwanese population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28381-28390. [PMID: 33543437 PMCID: PMC8164619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic pollutant that is widely spread through industrial production and agricultural practices. Epidemiological data has revealed that lifetime exposure to environmentally relevant levels of Cd increases the risk of developing various organ diseases, including chronic kidney, heart, and lung diseases, as well as nervous tissue disorders. This study assessed Cd levels in rice to determine the health risks associated with rice consumption in various age-gender subgroups in Taiwan. The distribution of Cd concentration, the lifetime average daily dose (LADD), and the hazard index (HI) were estimated by Monte Carlo simulation. In the general population, the 50th percentile LADD of Cd for male rice consumers between the ages of 19-65 years was 0.06 μg/kg body weight per day, and the hazard index (HI) 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles were 0.16, 0.69, and 1.54, respectively. According to the HI heat map for the exposure of the general population to Cd from rice in Taiwan, the highest exposure to Cd was noted in the Yilan area (HI 0.64). Therefore, rice production in the Yilan area should be further monitored to evaluate the levels of Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Wen Lien
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Beining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 202 Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da’an District, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91, Xueshi Rd, North District, Taichung City, 404 Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, No. 500, Liufeng Rd, Wufeng District, Taichung City, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Min-Pei Ling
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Beining Rd., Jhongjheng District, Keelung City, 202 Taiwan
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Mei W, Song D, Wu Z, Yang L, Wang P, Zhang R, Zhu X. Resveratrol protects MC3T3-E1 cells against cadmium-induced suppression of osteogenic differentiation by modulating the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112080. [PMID: 33677380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenolic compound with a broad range of physiological and pharmacological properties. Previous studies have shown that RES also plays an important role in protecting and promoting early bone metabolism and differentiation. The accumulation of cadmium (Cd), one of the world's most poisonous substances, can inhibit skeletal growth and bone maturation, thus causing osteoporosis. However, whether RES can prevent the Cd-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we found that RES promoted the early maturity of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, as demonstrated by the significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of a range of differentiation markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen 1 (COL1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In contrast, we found that cadmium chloride (CdCl2) inhibited the viability and osteogenic maturity of MC3T3-E1 cells. We also demonstrated that RES pretreatment for 30 min provided significant protection against Cd-induced apoptosis and attenuated the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation induced by Cd by modulating ERK1/2 and JNK signaling. In conclusion, our results indicate that RES is a potential femoral protectant that not only enhance the viability and early differentiation of osteoblasts, but also protect osteoblasts from cadmium damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Mei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Zhidi Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China.
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18
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García-Esquinas E, Téllez-Plaza M, Pastor-Barriuso R, Ortolá R, Olmedo P, Gil F, López-García E, Navas-Acien A, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Blood cadmium and physical function limitations in older adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116748. [PMID: 33639488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal found in tobacco, air and food. Recent cross-sectional studies have suggested that Cd negatively impacts physical performance, but the prospective association is uncertain. METHODS We used data from 2548 older adults from the Seniors-ENRICA II cohort in Madrid, Spain. Whole blood Cd levels were measured at baseline using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. At baseline (2017) and follow-up (2019), overall physical function was evaluated using the physical component summary (PCS) of the SF 12-Item Health questionnaire, lower-extremity performance with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), muscle weakness with a hand dynamometer, and frailty with a Deficit Accumulation index. Mobility limitations and disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were ascertained with standardized questionnaires. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders, including tobacco smoke, number of cigarettes smoked per day and time since cessation in former smokers. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per two-fold increase in blood Cd were 1.16 (1.03; 1.31) for low PCS scores, 1.08 (0.97; 1.20) for impaired lower-extremity performance, 1.10 (0.98; 1.23) for low grip strength, 1.11 (1.02; 1.20) for mobility limitations, 1.16 (1.02; 1.31) for frailty, and 1.26 (1.08; 1.47) for IADL disability. In longitudinal analyses, corresponding hazard ratios were 1.25 (1.03; 1.51) for low PCS scores, 1.14 (1.03; 1.27) for impaired lower-extremity performance, 1.02 (0.92; 1.13) for low grip strength, 1.03 (0.91; 1.16) for mobility limitations, and 1.16 (1.00; 1.35) for frailty. All the associations where consistent when current smokers were excluded from the analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the role of Cd as a risk factor for physical function impairments in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IdiPaz (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Téllez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IdiPaz (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Olmedo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology, and Physical Anthropology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology, and Physical Anthropology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther López-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IdiPaz (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; IdiPaz (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Li D, Lin H, Zhang M, Meng J, Hu L, Yu B. Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:648902. [PMID: 33937289 PMCID: PMC8085254 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.648902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As society ages, the incidence of osteoporosis increases. In several studies, cadmium (Cd) is thought to be related to osteoporosis. However, there are conflicting reports about the relationship between Cd and the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the relationship between Cd and osteoporosis and osteopenia. Methods: Through a review of the literature, articles published in PubMed as of December 2020 were identified and the references of related publications and reviews were reviewed. Ultimately, 17 eligible articles were selected to determine the relationship between blood and urine Cd concentrations for the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia. In this study, we performed a classification analysis, heterogeneity test, subgroup analysis, and evaluated publication bias. Results: A total of 17 studies were included, including seven on blood Cd and 10 on urine Cd. By combining the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the lowest and highest categories, the odds ratio of blood Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.21 (95% CI: 0.84–1.58) and that of urine Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.80 (95% CI: 1.42–2.18), and the results of the subgroup analysis were also consistent. Conclusions: Our research indicates that while urine cadmium (Cd) concentration may be related to increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia, blood Cd concentration may not. Therefore, compared to blood Cd concentration, urine Cd concentration may be more reliable as a risk factor for osteoporosis and osteopenia. This result should be interpreted with caution. Currently. research on the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia is limited, thus, further large, high-quality prospective studies are required to elucidate the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- The Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HaoJie Lin
- Jinan Blood Supply and Security Center, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - LiYou Hu
- The Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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20
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Burden of osteoporosis and costs associated with human biomonitored cadmium exposure in three European countries: France, Spain and Belgium. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113747. [PMID: 33862487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widespread in the environment leading to human exposure in particular through diet (when smoking is excluded), as documented by recent human biomonitoring (HBM) surveys. Exposure to Cd at environmental low-exposure levels has been associated with adverse effects such as renal toxicity and more recently bone effects. The implication, even if limited, of Cd in the etiology of osteoporosis can be of high importance at the population level given the significant prevalence of osteoporosis and the ubiquitous and life-long exposure to Cd. Therefore, the osteoporosis cases attributable to Cd exposure was estimated in three European countries (Belgium, France and Spain), based on measured urinary Cd levels from HBM studies conducted in these countries. The targeted population was women over 55 years old, for which risk levels associated with environmental Cd exposure were available. Around 23% of the cases were attributed to Cd exposure. Moreover, in a prospective simulation approach of lifelong urinary Cd concentrations assuming different intakes scenarios, future osteoporosis attributable cases were calculated, based on urinary Cd levels measured in women aged under 55. Between 6 and 34% of the considered populations under 55 years were at risk for osteoporosis. Finally, the costs associated to the burden of osteoporosis-related fractures attributable to Cd for each country targeted in this paper were assessed, standing for a major contributing role of Cd exposure in the overall social costs related to osteoporosis. Absolute costs ranged between 0.12 (low estimate in Belgium) and 2.6 billion Euros (high estimate in France) in women currently over 55 years old and at risk for fractures. Our results support the importance of reducing exposure of the general population to Cd.
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Lv YJ, Song J, Xiong LL, Huang R, Zhu P, Wang P, Liang XX, Tan JB, Wang J, Wu SX, Wei QZ, Yang XF. Association of environmental cadmium exposure and bone remodeling in women over 50 years of age. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111897. [PMID: 33493719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a significant health concern, and the mechanism of long-term low-dose Cd exposure on bone has not been fully elucidated yet. This study aimed to assess the association between long-term environmental Cd exposure and bone remodeling in women who aged over 50. A total of 278 non-smoking subjects from Cd-polluted group (n = 191) and non-Cd polluted group (n = 87) were investigated. Bone mineral density (BMD), the levels of three bone turnover markers (BTMs), including total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (β-CTX), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), together with serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were determined. Early markers of renal dysfunction were measured as well. Urinary Cd concentrations ranged from 0.41 to 87.31 μg/g creatinine, with a median of 4.91 μg/g creatinine. Age, BMD, T-score, and prevalence of osteoporosis showed no statistical differences among the quartiles of urinary Cd concentrations, while serum levels of P1NP, β-CTX, and OPG were higher in the upper quartiles. Multivariate linear regression models indicated significantly positive associations of urinary Cd concentration with serum levels of P1NP, β-CTX, BALP, sRANKL, and OPG. A ridge regression analysis with T-score and the three BTMs, sRANKL, and OPG, adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), indicated that except for age and Cd exposure, β-CTX was a predictor of T-score. These findings demonstrated that Cd may directly accelerate bone remodeling. Serum β-CTX might be an appropriate biochemical marker for evaluating and monitoring Cd-related bone loss. Capsule: Cadmium (Cd) may directly accelerate bone remodeling and serum β-CTX is a valuable biochemical marker for evaluating Cd-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jian Lv
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Song
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Li Xiong
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Xia Liang
- Guangdong Provincial institute of biological products and materia medica, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Bin Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Wu
- School of public health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin-Zhi Wei
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing-Fen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Dennis KK, Judd SE, Alvarez JA, Kahe K, Jones DP, Hartman TJ. Plant food intake is associated with lower cadmium body burden in middle-aged adults. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3365-3374. [PMID: 33615415 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary intake is a primary source of cadmium (Cd) exposure in the non-smoking population. Plant foods containing metal-binding plant compounds such as polyphenols, phytates, and phytochelatins may reduce Cd bioavailability and result in lower Cd body burden. In this study, we investigated the association between plant food intake and urinary creatinine-adjusted Cd (uCd), a well-established marker of Cd body burden. METHODS Participants were from a cross-sectional sample of 1901 adults in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. We created a 12-point plant food score (PFS) based on reported intake across seven categories (fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts/seeds, whole grains, tea, and wine). Higher scores indicated higher consumption and diversity of plant food intake. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between PFS and uCd. Due to the influence of age and smoking on Cd status, stratified analyses were conducted. RESULTS Mean PFS was 5.4 (SD 2.2) and mean uCd was 0.53 µg/g creatinine (SD 0.39). In adjusted models, PFS was not associated with uCd (p > 0.05). In stratified analyses, PFS was inversely associated with uCd (p = 0.047) with a 1-point higher PFS associated with 0.018 µg/g lower uCd among middle-aged (45-59) adults. No significant association was observed between PFS and uCd in older (≥ 60) adults. The association of PFS and uCd did not differ by smoking status. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest higher plant food intake is associated with lower Cd body burden in middle-aged but not older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine K Dennis
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ka Kahe
- Epidemiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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23
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Pizzorno J, Pizzorno L. Environmental Toxins Are a Major Cause of Bone Loss. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2021; 20:10-17. [PMID: 34393671 PMCID: PMC8352419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental metals cadmium, lead, and mercury, and chemicals such as pesticides, phthalates, and bisphenols, disrupt bone metabolism in many ways. Body levels of these toxins directly correlate, in a dose-dependent manner, with risk of fracture and osteoporosis. This editorial provides a brief summary of key research showing mechanisms of damage, sources, and key strategies to decrease body load.
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Wallin M, Barregard L, Sallsten G, Lundh T, Sundh D, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Mellström D. Low-level cadmium exposure is associated with decreased cortical thickness, cortical area and trabecular bone volume fraction in elderly men: The MrOS Sweden study. Bone 2021; 143:115768. [PMID: 33232837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that high-level exposure to cadmium can cause bone disease such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia and fractures. However, the effect of low-level exposure, as found in the general population (mainly derived from diet and smoking), has only been assessed recently. The aim of this study was to examine if cadmium exposure in the general Swedish population causes other bone changes than decreased areal bone mineral density as measured by traditional DXA technology, e.g. changes in microstructure and geometry, such as cortical thickness or area, cortical porosity and trabecular bone volume. The study population consisted of 444 men, aged 70-81 years at inclusion year 2002-2004, from the Swedish cohort of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). Cadmium was analyzed in baseline urine samples (U-Cd). Different parameters of bone geometry and microstructure were measured at the distal tibia at follow-up in 2009, including examination with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Associations between bone parameters and U-Cd in tertiles were estimated in multivariable analyses, including potential confounding factors (age, smoking, BMI, and physical activity). We found significant associations between U-Cd and several bone geometry or microstructure parameters, with 9% lower cortical thickness (p = 0.03), 7% lower cortical area (p = 0.04), and 5% lower trabecular bone volume fraction (p = 0.02) in the third tertile of U-Cd, using the first tertile as the reference. Furthermore, significant negative associations were found between log-transformed U-Cd and cortical thickness, cortical area, trabecular number and trabecular bone volume fraction, and a significant positive association with trabecular separation. The results indicate that low-level Cd exposure in the general population has negative effects on both cortical and trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wallin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lars Barregard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sundh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Geriatric Medicine Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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Association between blood cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean post-menopausal women. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:22. [PMID: 33527234 PMCID: PMC7850996 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-00887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to investigate the association between cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean post-menopausal women. There was a significant positive association between cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis, but further studies for dose response are required. PURPOSE Cadmium exposure can exert detrimental effects on bone health, particularly in post-menopausal women. However, previous studies have failed to report an association in Korean post-menopausal women. We aimed to investigate the association between cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean post-menopausal women. METHODS In total, 5432 participants from the 4th and 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were randomly sampled for measurements of heavy metal concentrations in the blood, bone mass density (BMD), and nutrient intake. We analyzed data for 1031 post-menopausal women ≥50 years of age. Blood cadmium levels were categorized into quartiles, and a multinomial logistic regression model was used for analysis. RESULTS There was a significant positive association between cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis, but the odds ratio (OR) at the 4th level was lower than that at the 3rd level (OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) for osteopenia: 2nd quartile: 1.24, 0.88-1.74; 3rd quartile: 3.22, 2.24-4.64; 4th quartile: 1.27, 0.87-1.85; P for trend <0.001; OR and 95% CI for osteoporosis: 2nd quartile: 1.54, 1.05-2.25; 3rd quartile: 3.63, 2.31-5.69; 4th quartile: 1.70, 1.03-2.81; P for trend <0.001). This trend was consistent in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there is an association between blood cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean post-menopausal women. However, further prospective studies are required to determine whether there is a dose-response relationship and address potential selection bias, especially in patients with femoral neck osteoporosis.
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26
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Li X, Huang Y, Xing Y, Hu C, Zhang W, Tang Y, Su W, Huo X, Zhou A, Xia W, Xu S, Chen D, Li Y. Association of urinary cadmium, circulating fatty acids, and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A nested case-control study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105527. [PMID: 32007690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have observed that cadmium (Cd) exposure of pregnant women was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the potential mechanism still remains unclear. In addition, various animal studies have suggested that Cd exposure could affect fatty acids (FAs) metabolism, but data on humans are scant. OBJECTIVES We conducted a nested case-control study to investigate the associations of urinary Cd concentrations with levels of circulating FAs and risk of GDM in pregnant women, and further to examine the role of FAs in mediating the relationship between Cd exposure and risk of GDM. METHODS A total of 305 GDM cases were matched to 305 controls on pregnant women's age (±2 years) and infant's gender from a birth cohort study conducted in Wuhan, China. Urinary Cd concentrations and levels of plasma FAs between 10 and 16 gestational weeks were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Conditional logistic regressions models were used to estimate the associations of Cd concentrations and levels of FAs with the risk of GDM. Multiple linear regression models were applied to estimate the associations between Cd concentrations and levels of FAs. Mediation analysis was used to assess the mediating role of FAs in the association of Cd with the risk of GDM. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of Cd in cases (median: 0.69 μg/L) were significantly higher than controls (median: 0.59 μg/L, P < 0.05). Cd concentrations were positively associated with the risk of GDM (Ptrend = 0.003). Compared to the first tertile of Cd, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of GDM risk were 2.08 (1.29, 3.36) for the second tertile and 2.09 (1.32, 3.33) for the third tertile. Cd concentrations were positively correlated with levels of eicosadienoic acid and arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio, but negatively correlated with levels of stearic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, total odd-chain saturated fatty acids, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and n-3 PUFAs/n-6 PUFAs ratio. We did not observe evidence that the association of Cd exposure and risk of GDM was mediated through FAs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed the association of higher Cd exposure with increased risk of GDM in pregnant women, and provided forceful epidemiological evidence for the relation of Cd concentrations and levels of FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Xing
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Su
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Schmid C, Alampi I, Briggs J, Tarcza K, Stawicki TM. Mechanotransduction Activity Facilitates Hair Cell Toxicity Caused by the Heavy Metal Cadmium. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:37. [PMID: 32153368 PMCID: PMC7044240 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cells are sensitive to many insults including environmental toxins such as heavy metals. We show here that cadmium can consistently kill hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line. Disrupting hair cell mechanotransduction genetically or pharmacologically significantly reduces the amount of hair cell death seen in response to cadmium, suggesting a role for mechanotransduction in this cell death process, possibly as a means for cadmium uptake into the cells. Likewise, when looking at multiple cilia-associated gene mutants that have previously been shown to be resistant to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death, resistance to cadmium-induced hair cell death is only seen in those with mechanotransduction defects. In contrast to what was seen with mechanotransduction, significant protection was not consistently seen from other ions previously shown to compete for cadmium uptake into cells or tissue including zinc and copper. These results show that functional mechanotransduction activity is playing a significant role in cadmium-induced hair cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh Schmid
- Program in Neuroscience, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
| | - Isabella Alampi
- Program in Neuroscience, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
| | - Jay Briggs
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kelly Tarcza
- Program in Neuroscience, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, United States
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28
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Mehri A. Trace Elements in Human Nutrition (II) - An Update. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:2. [PMID: 32042399 PMCID: PMC6993532 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_48_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary requirement for an essential trace element is an intake level which meets a specified criterion for adequacy and thereby minimizes risk of nutrient deficiency or excess. Disturbances in trace element homeostasis may result in the development of pathologic states and diseases. This article is an update of a review article "Trace Elements in Human Nutrition-A Review" previously published in 2013. The previous review was updated to emphasis in detail the importance of known trace elements so far in humans' physiology and nutrition and also to implement the detailed information for practical and effective management of trace elements' status in clinical diagnosis and health care situations. Although various classifications for trace elements have been proposed and may be controversial, this review will use World Health Organization( WHO) classification as previously done. For this review a traditional integrated review format was chosen and many recent medical and scientific literatures for the new findings on bioavailability, functions, and state of excess/deficiency of trace elements were assessed. The results indicated that for the known essential elements, essentiality and toxicity are unrelated and toxicity is a matter of dose or exposure. Little is known about the essentiality of some of the probably essential elements. In regard to toxic heavy metals, a toxic element may nevertheless be essential. In addition, the early pathological manifestations of trace elements deficiency or excess are difficult to detect until more specific pathologically relevant indicators become available. Discoveries and many refinements in the development of new techniques and continual improvement in laboratory methods have enabled researchers to detect the early pathological consequences of deficiency or excess of trace elements. They all are promises to fulfill the gaps in the present and future research and clinical diagnosis of trace elements deficiencies or intoxications. However, further investigations are needed to complete the important gaps in our knowledge on trace elements, especially probably essential trace elements' role in health and disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasgharpour Mehri
- Department of Biochemistry, Reference Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Kim K, Melough MM, Sakaki JR, Ha K, Marmash D, Noh H, Chun OK. Association between Urinary Cadmium to Zinc Intake Ratio with Adult Mortality in a Follow-Up Study of NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Nutrients 2019; 12:E56. [PMID: 31878194 PMCID: PMC7019386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal associated with increased mortality, but the effect of zinc (Zn) intake on the association between Cd and mortality is unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the association of urinary Cd to Zn intake ratio (Cd/Zn ratio) and mortality risk. In total, 15642 US adults in NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2004 were followed until 2011 (15-year mean follow-up). Of the 5367 total deaths, 1194 were attributed to cancer and 1677 were attributed to CVD. After adjustment for potential confounders, positive associations were observed between urinary Cd and all-cause mortality (HR for highest vs. lowest quartile: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.14-1.68) and cancer mortality (HR: 1.54; CI: 1.05-2.27). Urinary Cd was positively associated with cancer mortality among the lowest Zn consumers, and the association diminished among the highest Zn consumers. Positive relationships were observed between the Cd/Zn ratio and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.54; CI: 1.23-1.93), cancer mortality (HR: 1.65; CI: 1.11-2.47) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.49; CI: 1.18-1.88). In conclusion, these findings indicate that Zn intake may modify the association between Cd and mortality. Furthermore, the Cd/Zn ratio, which was positively associated with mortality from all causes, cancer, and CVD, may be an important predictor of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijoon Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Melissa M. Melough
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Junichi R. Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Kyungho Ha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Dalia Marmash
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC-WHO), 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
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30
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Buha A, Jugdaohsingh R, Matovic V, Bulat Z, Antonijevic B, Kerns JG, Goodship A, Hart A, Powell JJ. Bone mineral health is sensitively related to environmental cadmium exposure- experimental and human data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108539. [PMID: 31247431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is recognised as one of the risk factors for osteoporosis, although critical exposure levels and exact mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we first confirmed that in male Wistar rats challenged orally with 6 different levels of Cd (0.3-10 mg/kg b.w.), over 28 days, there was a direct dose relationship to bone Cd concentration. Moreover, bone mineral content was significantly diminished by ∼15% (p < 0.0001) plateauing already at the lowest exposure level. For the other essential bone elements zinc (Zn) loss was most marked. Having established the sensitive metrics (measures of Cd exposure), we then applied them to 20 randomly selected human femoral head bone samples from 16 independent subjects. Bone Cd concentration was inversely proportional to trabecular bone mineral density and mineral (calcium) content and Zn content of bone, but not the donor's age. Our findings, through direct bone analyses, support the emerging epidemiological view that bone health, adjudged by mineral density, is extremely sensitive to even background levels of environmental Cd. Importantly, however, our data also suggest that Cd may play an even greater role in compromised bone health than prior indirect estimates of exposure could reveal. Environmental Cd may be a substantially determining factor in osteoporosis and large cohort studies with direct bone analyses are now merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Vesna Matovic
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology, Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jemma G Kerns
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Allen Goodship
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science UCL, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Alister Hart
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science UCL, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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31
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Ali MU, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ullah H, Abbas Q, Munir MAM. A systematic review on global pollution status of particulate matter-associated potential toxic elements and health perspectives in urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1131-1162. [PMID: 30298288 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) that is a heterogeneous mixture of particles with a variety of chemical components and physical features acts as a potential risk to human health. The ability to pose health risk depends upon the size, concentration and chemical composition of the suspended particles. Potential toxic elements (PTEs) associated with PM have multiple sources of origin, and each source has the ability to generate multiple particulate PTEs. In urban areas, automobile, industrial emissions, construction and demolition activities are the major anthropogenic sources of pollution. Fine particles associated with PTEs have the ability to penetrate deep into respiratory system resulting in an increasing range of adverse health effects, at ever-lower concentrations. In-depth investigation of PTEs content and mode of occurrence in PM is important from both environmental and pathological point of view. Considering this air pollution risk, several studies had addressed the issues related to these pollutants in road and street dust, indicating high pollution level than the air quality guidelines. Observed from the literature, particulate PTEs pollution can lead to respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular problems, lungs cancer, reduced lungs function, asthma and severe case mortality. Due to the important role of PM and associated PTEs, detailed knowledge of their impacts on human health is of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Habib Ullah
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mehr Ahmad Mujtaba Munir
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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Eskola M, Elliott CT, Hajšlová J, Steiner D, Krska R. Towards a dietary-exposome assessment of chemicals in food: An update on the chronic health risks for the European consumer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1890-1911. [PMID: 31094210 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1612320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An informed opinion to a hugely important question, whether the food on the Europeans' plate is safe to eat, is provided. Today, the Europeans face food-borne health risks from non-communicable diseases induced by excess body weight, outbreaks caused by pathogens, antimicrobial resistance and exposures to chemical contaminants. In this review, these risks are first put in an order of importance. Then, not only potentially injurious dietary chemicals are discussed but also beneficial factors of the food. This review can be regarded as an attempt towards a dietary-exposome evaluation of the chemicals, the average European adult consumers could chronically expose to during their life-times. Risk ranking reveals that currently the European adults are chronically exposed to a mixture of potentially genotoxic-carcinogenic contaminants, particularly food process contaminants, at the potential risk levels. Furthermore, several of the contaminants whose dietary exposures pose risks appear to be carcinogens operating with a genotoxic mode of action targeting the liver. This suggests that combined health risks from the exposure to a mixture of the chemical contaminants poses a greater potential risk than the risks assessed for single compounds. Over 100 European-level risk assessments are examined. Finally, the importance of a diversified and balanced diet is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Eskola
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Steiner
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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The relationship between zinc intake and cadmium burden is influenced by smoking status. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:210-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jain RB. Synergistic impact of co-exposures to toxic metals cadmium, lead, and mercury along with perfluoroalkyl substances on the healthy kidney function. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 169:342-347. [PMID: 30504076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Impact of co-exposures to toxic metals cadmium, lead, and mercury along with perfluoroalkyl substances on the healthy kidney function was evaluated among US adults aged > = 20 years by analyzing data (N = 7857) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2003-2014. Perfluoroalkyl substances selected for analysis were: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). High levels of exposures to Cd, Pb, total Hg, and PFAS were said to occur if their observed levels in blood/serum were greater than 75th percentiles. A healthy kidney function was defined if estimated glomerular filtration rate was found to be > = 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urine albumin creatinine ratio was ≤ 30 mg/g creatinine. Adjusted odds of a healthy kidney function due to co-exposures to high levels of Cd along with high levels of PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA were found to be 0.713, 0.576, and 0.640 respectively. Adjusted odds of a healthy kidney function due to co-exposures to high levels of Pb along with high levels of PFOA, and PFNA were found to be 0.657, and 0.671 respectively. Co-exposures to high levels of Hg as measured by the total mercury in blood was not found to affect the odds of a healthy kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Jain
- 2959 Estate View Ct, Dacula, GA 30019, USA
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Kim K, Melough MM, Vance TM, Noh H, Koo SI, Chun OK. Dietary Cadmium Intake and Sources in the US. Nutrients 2018; 11:E2. [PMID: 30577418 PMCID: PMC6356330 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that can contribute to numerous diseases as well as increased mortality. Diet is the primary source of Cd exposure for most individuals, yet little is known about the foods and food groups that contribute most substantially to dietary Cd intake in the US. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate dietary Cd intake and identify major food sources of Cd in the US population and among subgroups of the population. Individuals aged 2 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007⁻2012 were included in this study (n = 12,523). Cd intakes were estimated from two days of 24-h dietary recalls by matching intake data with the Cd database of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Total Diet Study 2006 through 2013. The average dietary Cd consumption in the population was 4.63 μg/day, or 0.54 μg/kg body weight/week, which is 22% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 2.5 μg/kg body weight/week. Greater daily Cd intakes were observed in older adults, males, those with higher income, higher education, or higher body mass index. The highest Cd intakes on a body weight basis were observed in children 10 years and younger (38% of TWI), underweight individuals (38% of TWI), and alcohol non-consumers (24% of TWI). The food groups that contributed most to Cd intake were cereals and bread (34%), leafy vegetables (20%), potatoes (11%), legumes and nuts (7%), and stem/root vegetables (6%). The foods that contributed most to total Cd intake were lettuce (14%), spaghetti (8%), bread (7%), and potatoes (6%). Lettuce was the major Cd source for Caucasians and Blacks, whereas tortillas were the top source for Hispanics, and rice was the top contributor among other ethnic subgroups including Asians. This study provides important information on the dietary Cd exposure of Americans, and identifies the groups with the greatest dietary Cd exposure as well as the major sources of dietary Cd among sociodemographic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Melissa M Melough
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Terrence M Vance
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, SUNY College at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA.
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- International Agency of Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France.
| | - Sung I Koo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Pabis K, Gundacker C, Giacconi R, Basso A, Costarelli L, Piacenza F, Strizzi S, Provinciali M, Malavolta M. Zinc supplementation can reduce accumulation of cadmium in aged metallothionein transgenic mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:855-860. [PMID: 30103140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to Cd is related to a multitude of age-related diseases. There is evidence that Cd toxicity emerges from an interference with Zn metabolism as they compete for the same binding sites of ligands. The most responsive proteins to Cd exposure are the metal-binding proteins termed metallothioneins (MTs), which display a much greater affinity for Cd than for Zn. Most studies have considered the effect of Zn on the accumulation of exogenous Cd and tissue damage, whereas observational studies have addressed the association between Zn intake and Cd levels in body fluids. However, it has not been addressed whether supplemental Zn can lower Cd levels in organs of healthy aged animals without affecting Cu stores, a question more pertinent to human aging. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of Zn supplementation on Cd levels in liver and kidney of aged MT transgenic mice (MT1-tg) overexpressing MT1 at levels more comparable to those observed in humans than non-transgenic mice. We found a >30% reduction of kidney and liver Cd levels in Zn supplemented MT1-tg mice compared to non-supplemented controls, independently of the dose of Zn, without a significant reduction of Cu. Our data support the idea of a causal and inverse relationship between Zn intake and Cd content in organs of aged MT1-tg mice as suggested by observational studies in humans. Our work provides the rationale for interventional studies to address the effects of Zn supplementation on Cd burden in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Pabis
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Costarelli
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sergio Strizzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
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Zhao D, Juhasz AL, Luo J, Li HB, Ma LQ. Metals in paints on chopsticks: Solubilization in simulated saliva, gastric, and food solutions and implication for human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:299-306. [PMID: 30077928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paints are often used on chopsticks, however, a paucity of studies has assessed metals in the paints and the associated health risk. In this study, total Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni concentrations in paints were assessed for 72 wood and 29 stainless steel chopsticks with different colors while metal solubilization from paints in simulated saliva, 0.07 M HCl, and 1% citric acid solutions was measured for 9 samples having total Pb > 90 mg kg-1, representing exposure scenarios of mouthing, incidental paint ingestion, and metal migration in food. Results showed that Pb (0.12-500,000 mg kg-1), Cd (0.002-120,000 mg kg-1), Cr (2.2-8400 mg kg-1), Co (0.004-2600 mg kg-1), and Ni (0.10-150,000 mg kg-1) concentrations varied considerably among paint samples. Most samples showed low metal concentrations, however, high metal concentrations were observed in red and green paints on stainless steel chopsticks, while paints on wood chopsticks showed lower metal concentrations. Estimation of daily metal intakes incorporating metal solubilization data in saliva, 0.07 M HCl, and 1% citric acid solutions suggested that the health risk via saliva contact was negligible, while unacceptable health risk was observed for Pb and Cd via their solubilization in 0.07 M HCl and 1% citric acid solutions from paints with high Pb and Cd concentrations. To avoid Pb and Cd exposure, use of metal-based paints on chopsticks should be banned, particularly in countries where food is regularly consumed with chopsticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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Ratelle M, Li X, Laird BD. Cadmium exposure in First Nations communities of the Northwest Territories, Canada: smoking is a greater contributor than consumption of cadmium-accumulating organ meats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1441-1453. [PMID: 30221302 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00232k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional food consumption among northern populations is associated with improved nutrition but occasionally can also increase contaminant exposure. High levels of cadmium in the organs of moose from certain regions of the Northwest Territories, Canada, led to the release of consumption notices. These notices recommended that individuals limit their consumption of kidney and liver from moose harvested from the Southern Mackenzie Mountain. A human biomonitoring project was designed to better characterize exposure and risks from contaminants, including cadmium, among Dene/Métis communities of the Northwest Territories Mackenzie Valley, Canada. The project included a dietary assessment (food frequency questionnaire) to estimate moose and caribou organ (kidney and liver) consumption, as well as urine and blood sampling for the measurement of cadmium concentration using mass spectrometry. For a subset of the samples, urine cotinine was also quantified. The results from this biomonitoring research show that cadmium levels in urine (GM = 0.32 μg L-1) and blood (GM = 0.58 μg L-1) are similar to those observed in other populations in Canada. For the 38% of participants reporting eating game organs, current traditional food consumption patterns were not associated with cadmium biomarker levels. Instead, smoking appeared to be the main determinant of cadmium exposure. These results are supporting ongoing efforts at the community and territorial level to identify health priorities and design follow up plans in response to environmental monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Ratelle
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo. 200 University Avenue West, Lyle Hallman North, Room LHN-1727, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaN2L 3G1.
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Pastorelli AA, Angeletti R, Binato G, Mariani MB, Cibin V, Morelli S, Ciardullo S, Stacchini P. Exposure to cadmium through Italian rice ( Oryza sativa L.): Consumption and implications for human health. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Low-level cadmium exposure and cardiovascular outcomes in elderly Australian women: A cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:347-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Satarug S, Nishijo M, Ujjin P, Moore MR. Chronic exposure to low-level cadmium induced zinc-copper dysregulation. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 46:32-38. [PMID: 29413108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has been associated with aberrant zinc and copper homeostasis. This study investigated if Cd exposure impairs renal reabsorption of metals. METHODS Renal tubular reabsorption of metals were calculated from urine to serum metal ratios and analyzed for an independent association with Cd exposure levels, using data from 100 men and 100 women, aged 16-60 years. RESULTS The smoking prevalence was 30% in men and 0% in women. The male and female means (SD) for urine Cd were 0.54 (0.43) and 0.62 (0.43) μg/g creatinine. The mean (SD) for fractional zinc reabsorption was 77.2 (23) % in men and 87.7 (13.3) % in women, while the copper reabsorption was 100% in both men and women. Lower zinc reabsorption levels were associated with higher Cd exposure (P<0.001), higher serum copper to zinc ratios (P=0.007) and higher tubular impairment levels (P=0.024). Reduced zinc reabsorption was particularly severe in smokers as those with high Cd exposure had 44.9% and 37.2% (P<0.001) lower zinc reabsorption than those with low and moderate exposures. The mean zinc reabsorption in male non-smokers with high Cd exposure was 25.8% (P<0.001) and 18.2% (P=0.003) lower than those with low and moderate exposures, while the corresponding figure for female non-smokers was 17% (P<0.001), and 12.8% (P=0.013), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report demonstrating Cd-dose dependent reduction in renal zinc reabsorption and high serum copper to zinc ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soisungwan Satarug
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; UQ Diamantina Institute and Centre for Health Services Research, Centre for Kidney Disease Research and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Pailin Ujjin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael R Moore
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Mezynska M, Brzóska MM. Environmental exposure to cadmium-a risk for health of the general population in industrialized countries and preventive strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3211-3232. [PMID: 29230653 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal belonging to the group of the main chemical pollutants of the natural and occupational environment in economically developed countries. The forecasts indicate that contamination of the environment with this toxic metal, and thus the exposure of the general population, will increase. Food (particularly plant products) is the main source of the general population exposure to this element. Moreover, an important, and often the main, source of intoxication with Cd is habitual tobacco smoking. Recent epidemiological studies have provided numerous evidence that even low-level environmental exposure to this toxic metal, nowadays occurring in numerous economically developed countries, creates a risk for health of the general population. The low-level lifetime exposure to this metal may lead to the damage to the kidneys, liver, skeletal system, and cardiovascular system, as well as to the deterioration of the sight and hearing. Moreover, it has been suggested that environmental exposure to this xenobiotic may contribute to the development of cancer of the lung, breast, prostate, pancreas, urinary bladder, and nasopharynx. Taking the above into account, the aim of this review article is to draw more attention to Cd as an environmental risk factor for the health of the general population and the need to undertake preventive actions allowing to reduce the risk of health damage due to a lifetime exposure to this toxic metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mezynska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata M Brzóska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Nordberg GF, Bernard A, Diamond GL, Duffus JH, Illing P, Nordberg M, Bergdahl IA, Jin T, Skerfving S. Risk assessment of effects of cadmium on human health (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemistry and Human Health, Division VII of the International Union on Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), provides guidance on risk assessment methodology and, as appropriate, assessment of risks to human health from chemicals of exceptional toxicity. The aim of this document is to describe dose-response relationships for the health effects of low-level exposure to cadmium, in particular, with an emphasis on causation. The term “cadmium” in this document includes all chemical species of cadmium, as well as those in cadmium compounds. Diet is the main source of cadmium exposure in the general population. Smokers and workers in cadmium industries have additional exposure. Adverse effects have been shown in populations with high industrial or environmental exposures. Epidemiological studies in general populations have also reported statistically significant associations with a number of adverse health effects at low exposures. Cadmium is recognized as a human carcinogen, a classification mainly based on occupational studies of lung cancer. Other cancers have been reported, but dose-response relationships cannot be defined. Cardiovascular disease has been associated with cadmium exposure in recent epidemiological studies, but more evidence is needed in order to establish causality. Adequate evidence of dose-response relationships is available for kidney effects. There is a relationship between cadmium exposure and kidney effects in terms of low molecular mass (LMM) proteinuria. Long-term cadmium exposures with urine cadmium of 2 nmol mmol−1 creatinine cause such effects in a susceptible part of the population. Higher exposures result in increases in the size of these effects. This assessment is supported by toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic (TKTD) modelling. Associations between urine cadmium lower than 2 nmol mmol−1 creatinine and LMM proteinuria are influenced by confounding by co-excretion of cadmium with protein. A number of epidemiological studies, including some on low exposures, have reported statistically significant associations between cadmium exposure and bone demineralization and fracture risk. Exposures leading to urine cadmium of 5 nmol mmol−1 creatinine and more increase the risk of bone effects. Similar associations at much lower urine cadmium levels have been reported. However, complexities in the cause and effect relationship mean that a no-effect level cannot be defined. LMM proteinuria was selected as the critical effect for cadmium, thus identifying the kidney cortex as the critical organ, although bone effects may occur at exposure levels similar to those giving rise to kidney effects. To avoid these effects, population exposures should not exceed that resulting in cadmium values in urine of more than 2 nmol mmol−1 creatinine. As cadmium is carcinogenic, a ‘safe’ exposure level cannot be defined. We therefore recommend that cadmium exposures be kept as low as possible. Because the safety margin for toxic effects in kidney and bone is small, or non-existent, in many populations around the world, there is a need to reduce cadmium pollution globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar F. Nordberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , SE-90187 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Department of Toxicology , Catholic University of Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | | | - John H. Duffus
- The Edinburgh Centre for Toxicology , 43 Mansionhouse Road , Edinburgh EH9 2JD, Scotland , UK
| | | | - Monica Nordberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ingvar A. Bergdahl
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , SE-90187 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Taiyi Jin
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology , School of Public Health, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Staffan Skerfving
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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Kim J, Garcia-Esquinas E, Navas-Acien A, Choi YH. Blood and urine cadmium concentrations and walking speed in middle-aged and older U.S. adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:97-104. [PMID: 28941716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Reduced physical performance is an important feature of aging, and walking speed is a valid measure of physical performance and mobility in older adults. Previous epidemiological studies suggest that cadmium exposure, even at low environmental levels, may contribute to vascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive dysfunction, which may all be associated with reductions in physical performance. To this end, we investigated the associations of blood and urine cadmium concentrations with walking speed in middle-aged and older adults in the U.S. general population. We studied U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002 who were ≥50 years of age, who had determinations of cadmium in blood or in urine, and who had measurements of the time taken to walk 20 feet. Walking speed (ft/sec) was computed as walked distance (20 ft) divided by measured time to walk (in seconds). The weighted geometric means of blood and urine cadmium were 0.49 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47, 0.52] μg/L and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.42) ng/mL, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic, anthropometric, health-related behavioral, and clinical risk factors and inflammation markers, the highest (vs. lowest) quintile of blood cadmium was associated with a 0.18 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.25) ft/sec reduction in walking speed (p-Trend <0.001). No association was observed for urine cadmium levels with walking speed. Cadmium concentrations in blood, but not in urine, were associated with slower gait speed. Our findings add to the growing volume of evidence supporting cadmium's toxicity even at low levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Esther Garcia-Esquinas
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, and Ciber of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Lv Y, Wang P, Huang R, Liang X, Wang P, Tan J, Chen Z, Dun Z, Wang J, Jiang Q, Wu S, Ling H, Li Z, Yang X. Cadmium Exposure and Osteoporosis: A Population-Based Study and Benchmark Dose Estimation in Southern China. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1990-2000. [PMID: 28407309 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association between osteoporosis and long-term environmental Cd exposure through diet in southern China. A total of 1116 subjects from a Cd-polluted area and a non-Cd-polluted area were investigated. All subjects met the criteria of having been living in the investigated area for more than 15 years and lived on a subsistence diet of rice and vegetables grown in that area. Besides bone mineral density, the levels of urinary markers of early renal impairment, such as urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), α1 -microglobulin, β2 -microglobulin, and urinary albumin, were also determined. Urinary Cd concentrations of all studied subjects ranged from 0.21 to 87.31 µg/g creatinine, with a median of 3.97 µg/g creatinine. Multivariate linear regression models indicated a significant negative association of urinary Cd concentrations with bone mineral density. In logistic regression models, both categorical and continuous urinary Cd concentrations were positively associated with osteoporosis. Subjects in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of urinary Cd concentration had greater odds of osteoporosis compared with subjects in the first quartile (odds ratio [OR] = 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77 to 5.33; OR = 4.63, 95% CI, 2.68 to 7.98; OR = 9.15, 95% CI, 5.26 to 15.94, respectively). Additional adjustment for levels of urinary markers did not attenuate the associations. No evidence existed of an interaction between urinary Cd concentration and renal function using levels of urinary markers, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In all subjects, the benchmark dose and benchmark dose lower bound were 1.14 (0.61) and 2.73 (1.83) µg/g creatinine, with benchmark response set at 5% and 10%, respectively. The benchmark dose of urinary Cd was lower in women than in men. This study demonstrated an inverse association between the body burden of Cd and osteoporosis. The toxic effect of Cd on bone may occur in parallel to nephrotoxicity. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Lv
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuxia Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbin Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjun Dun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixuan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haituan Ling
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixue Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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46
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Grau-Perez M, Pichler G, Galan-Chilet I, Briongos-Figuero LS, Rentero-Garrido P, Lopez-Izquierdo R, Navas-Acien A, Weaver V, García-Barrera T, Gomez-Ariza JL, Martín-Escudero JC, Chaves FJ, Redon J, Tellez-Plaza M. Urine cadmium levels and albuminuria in a general population from Spain: A gene-environment interaction analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:27-36. [PMID: 28558300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of cadmium with genes involved in oxidative stress, cadmium metabolism and transport pathways on albuminuria can provide biological insight on the relationship between cadmium and albuminuria at low exposure levels. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that specific genotypes in candidate genes may confer increased susceptibility to cadmium exposure. METHODS Cadmium exposure was estimated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) in urine from 1397 men and women aged 18-85years participating in the Hortega Study, a representative sample of a general population from Spain. Urine albumin was measured by automated nephelometric immunochemistry. Abnormal albuminuria was defined as urine albumin greater than or equal to 30mg/g. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of abnormal albuminuria was 6.3%. The median level of urine cadmium was 0.39 (IQR, 0.23-0.65) μg/g creatinine. Multivariable-adjusted geometric mean ratios of albuminuria comparing the two highest to the lowest tertile of urine cadmium were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.43-1.84) and 2.94 (95% CI, 2.58-3.35), respectively. The corresponding odds ratios of abnormal albuminuria were 1.58 (0.83, 3.02) and 4.54 (2.58, 8.00). The association between urine cadmium and albuminuria was observed across all participant subgroups evaluated including participants without hypertension, diabetes or chronic kidney disease. We observed Bonferroni-corrected statistically significant interactions between urine cadmium levels and polymorphisms in gene SLC30A7 and RAC1. CONCLUSIONS Increasing urine cadmium concentrations were cross-sectionally associated with increased albuminuria in a representative sample of a general population from Spain. Genetic variation in oxidative stress and cadmium metabolism and transport genes may confer differential susceptibility to potential cadmium effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA; Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gernot Pichler
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Inma Galan-Chilet
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Rentero-Garrido
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Lopez-Izquierdo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Virginia Weaver
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jose L Gomez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Science, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - F Javier Chaves
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Redon
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
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47
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Satarug S, Vesey DA, Gobe GC. Current health risk assessment practice for dietary cadmium: Data from different countries. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:430-445. [PMID: 28602857 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant with high rates of soil-to-plant transference. This makes exposure to Cd through the food-chain contamination a public health concern. Cd accumulates in kidneys, and the most frequently reported adverse effect of long-term Cd intake is injury to kidneys. The FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives established a tolerable dietary intake level and a threshold to safeguard population health. The FAO/WHO tolerable intake was set at 25 μg per kg body weight per month (58 μg per day for a 70-kg person) with urinary Cd threshold at 5.24 μg/g creatinine. Worldwide population data indicate that urinary Cd excretion reflects cumulative Cd exposure or body burden more accurately than estimated Cd intake, derived from total diet study (TDS). For the adult population, TDS estimated Cd intake of 8-25 μg/day, while urinary Cd levels suggest higher intake levels (>30 μg/day). These Cd intake estimates are below the FAO/WHO intake guideline, but they exceed the levels that are associated with distinct pathologies in many organ systems. A wide diversity of Cd toxicity targets and Cd toxicity levels argue for a more restrictive dietary Cd intake guideline and the measures that minimize Cd levels in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soisungwan Satarug
- UQ Diamantina Institute and Centre for Health Services Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David A Vesey
- UQ Diamantina Institute and Centre for Health Services Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- UQ Diamantina Institute and Centre for Health Services Research, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
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48
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Puerto-Parejo LM, Aliaga I, Canal-Macias ML, Leal-Hernandez O, Roncero-Martín R, Rico-Martín S, Moran JM. Evaluation of the Dietary Intake of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Its Relationship with Bone Health among Postmenopausal Women in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E564. [PMID: 28587146 PMCID: PMC5486250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, are absorbed through contaminated food sources and water. Few studies have investigated the extent to which dietary heavy metals are associated with low bone mineral density. AIMS We aimed to characterize the dietary intake of the heavy metals lead, cadmium and mercury among healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal women in Spain. Furthermore, we sought to establish a putative relationship between bone health and the intake of these heavy metals in this population. STUDY DESIGN The daily intake of the heavy metals considered for the different food groups was calculated by accounting for food content and consumption in 281 postmenopausal women. Bone measurements were performed using a Quantitative Bone Ultrasound (QUS), a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and a Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). RESULTS The average estimated dietary cadmium exposure among the 281 women studied was 29.87 μg/day (20.41-41.04) and 3.03 μg/kg body weight (b.w.; 2.17-4.40). Dietary lead exposure was 46.24 μg/day (38.11-54.77) and 4.87 μg/kg b.w. (4.00-6.14). The estimated dietary mercury exposure was 11.64 μg/day and 1.19 μg/kg b.w. (0.82-1.76). Participants were classified according to their heavy metal intake (above or below the respective medians). After further adjustment for potential confounding factors, no significant differences were found in all the measured parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We did not find associations between bone health and the dietary intake of three heavy metals in postmenopausal women. Dietary intake of the measured heavy metals were within the recommended values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Puerto-Parejo
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Aliaga
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
| | - María L Canal-Macias
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Olga Leal-Hernandez
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Raul Roncero-Martín
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Sergio Rico-Martín
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
| | - Jose M Moran
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing Department, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
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49
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Furrow E, McCue ME, Lulich JP. Urinary metals in a spontaneous canine model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176595. [PMID: 28467511 PMCID: PMC5415176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is a common and painful condition in people. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex and poorly understood. Laboratory animal and in vitro studies have demonstrated an effect of multiple trace metals in the crystallization process, and studies in humans have reported relationships between urinary metal concentrations and stone risk. Dogs are a spontaneous model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis, and the metal content of canine calcium oxalate stones mirrors that of human stones. The aim of this study was to test for a relationship between urinary metals and calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs. We hypothesized that urinary metals would differ between dogs with and without calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Urine from 122 dogs (71 cases and 51 stone-free controls) was analyzed for calcium and 12 other metals. The cases had higher urinary calcium, copper, iron, and vanadium and lower urinary cobalt. Higher urinary vanadium in the cases was associated with being fed a therapeutic stone-prevention diet. Urinary calcium had a strong positive correlation with strontium and moderate positive correlations with chromium, nickel, and zinc. The results of this study complement the findings of similar human studies and suggest a potential role of trace metals in calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Further investigation into how trace metals may affect stone formation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Furrow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Molly E. McCue
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jody P. Lulich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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50
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Jain RB. Factors affecting the variability in the observed levels of cadmium in blood and urine among former and current smokers aged 20-64 and ≥ 65years. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8837-8851. [PMID: 28214937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1999-2012 were used to evaluate factors that affect observed levels of blood cadmium (BCd) and urine cadmium (UCd) among former and current smokers aged 20-64 and ≥65 years. Adjusted levels (AGM) for BCd and UCd were higher among females as compared to males. The order of AGM for BCd by race/ethnicity for 20-64 years old was non-Hispanic white (NHW) < non-Hispanic black (NHB) and NHW > NHB for ≥65 years old. The order of AGMs for UCd for 20-64-year-old current smokers was NHW > NHB and NHW > NHB for former smokers. For 20-64-year-old current smokers, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home was associated with higher levels of BCd. Levels of both UCd and BCd increased with age, but the rate of increase was as much as seven times higher among ≥65 years old than 20-64 years old. For current smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked inside home was positively associated with the levels of BCd. For current smokers aged 20-64 years, the number of cigarettes smoked inside home was positively associated with the levels of UCd (p < 0.01), and the number of cigarettes smoked every day on the days they were smoked was also positively associated with the levels of UCd (p < 0.01). Among former smokers, levels of both UCd and BCd were positively associated (p < 0.1) with the number of cigarettes smoked per day at the time of quitting smoking and negatively associated with the time since smoking was quitted (p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Jain
- , 2959 Estate View Ct, Dacula, GA, 30019, USA.
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