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Banaszak M, Dobrzyńska M, Kawka A, Górna I, Woźniak D, Przysławski J, Drzymała-Czyż S. Role of Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) as modulatory and anti-inflammatory agents in noncommunicable diet-related diseases - Reports from the last 10 years. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:240-258. [PMID: 38980796 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty acids are a fundamental component of the human diet, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The importance of omega-3 fatty acids has been studied in the context of many diseases due to their pleiotropic effects, focusing on the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and DHA. Currently, the results of these acids in noncommunicable diseases are being increasingly assessed in a broader context than just inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids remain the subject of intensive research. Therefore, we reviewed the literature covering articles from the last decade to assess not only the anti-inflammatory but, above all, the modulatory effect of EPA and DHA acids on noncommunicable diet-related diseases. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for studies regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on diet-related disorders from the last 10 years. RESULTS The available research shows that EPA and DHA supplementation has a beneficial impact on regulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin resistance, blood pressure, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Additionally, there is evidence of their potential benefits in terms of mitochondrial function, regulation of plasma lipoproteins, and reduction of the risk of sudden cardiovascular events associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA, DHA) have many beneficial effects among patients with diet-related disorders. More well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to fully determine the usefulness of EPA and DHA in treating and preventing noncommunicable diet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Banaszak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland; Poznan University of Medical Sciences Doctoral School, Bukowska 70, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Dobrzyńska
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Kawka
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ilona Górna
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Woźniak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Bromatology, Rokietnicka 3, Poznan, Poland
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Nakaki A, Denaro E, Crimella M, Castellani R, Vellvé K, Izquierdo N, Basso A, Paules C, Casas R, Benitez L, Casas I, Larroya M, Genero M, Castro‐Barquero S, Gomez‐Gomez A, Pozo ÓJ, Vieta E, Estruch R, Nadal A, Gratacós E, Crovetto F, Crispi F, Youssef L. Effect of Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction during pregnancy on placental volume and perfusion: A subanalysis of the IMPACT BCN randomized clinical trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:2042-2052. [PMID: 39037192 PMCID: PMC11426209 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The IMPACT BCN trial-a parallel-group randomized clinical trial where 1221 pregnant women at high risk for small-for-gestational age (SGA) newborns were randomly allocated at 19- to 23-week gestation into three groups: Mediterranean diet, Mindfulness-based Stress reduction or non-intervention-has demonstrated a positive effect of Mediterranean diet and Stress reduction in the prevention of SGA. However, the mechanism of action of these interventions remains still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Mediterranean diet and Stress reduction on placental volume and perfusion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants in the Mediterranean diet group received monthly individual and group educational sessions, and free provision of extra-virgin olive oil and walnuts. Women in the Stress reduction group underwent an 8-week Stress reduction program adapted for pregnancy, consisting of weekly 2.5-h and one full-day sessions. Non-intervention group was based on usual care. Placental volume and perfusion were assessed in a subgroup of randomly selected women (n = 165) using magnetic resonance (MR) at 36-week gestation. Small placental volume was defined as MR estimated volume <10th centile. Perfusion was assessed by intravoxel incoherent motion. RESULTS While mean MR placental volume was similar among the study groups, both interventions were associated with a lower prevalence of small placental volume (3.9% Mediterranean diet and 5% stress reduction vs. 17% non-intervention; p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively). Logistic regression showed that small placental volume was significantly associated with higher risk of SGA in both study groups (OR 7.48 [1.99-28.09] in Mediterranean diet and 20.44 [5.13-81.4] in Stress reduction). Mediation analysis showed that the effect of Mediterranean diet on SGA can be decomposed by a direct effect and an indirect effect (56.6%) mediated by a small placental volume. Similarly, the effect of Stress reduction on SGA is partially mediated (45.3%) by a small placental volume. Results on placental intravoxel incoherent motion perfusion fraction and diffusion coefficient were similar among the study groups. CONCLUSIONS Structured interventions during pregnancy based on Mediterranean diet or Stress reduction are associated with a lower proportion of small placentas, which is consistent with the previously observed beneficial effects of these interventions on fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakaki
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Eugenio Denaro
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maddalena Crimella
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Roberta Castellani
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Kilian Vellvé
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nora Izquierdo
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Annachiara Basso
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Obstetrics and Pediatrics ASST LeccoA. Manzoni HospitalLeccoItaly
| | - Cristina Paules
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISAragon), Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPSUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Institute de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA‐UB)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Leticia Benitez
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Irene Casas
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Larroya
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mariona Genero
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues de LlobregatSpain
| | - Sara Castro‐Barquero
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPSUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Institute de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA‐UB)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alex Gomez‐Gomez
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience GroupIMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Óscar J. Pozo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience GroupIMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Barcelona, CIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPSUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Institute de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA‐UB)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alfons Nadal
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital ClinicUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues de LlobregatSpain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER‐ER)MadridSpain
| | - Francesca Crovetto
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues de LlobregatSpain
- Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin RD21/0012/0003Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Fàtima Crispi
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER‐ER)MadridSpain
| | - Lina Youssef
- BCNatal – Barcelona Center for Maternal‐Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues de LlobregatSpain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research InstituteHospital Clinic/University of Barcelona CampusBarcelonaSpain
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De Toro V, Alberti G, Dominguez A, Carrasco-Negüe K, Ferrer P, Valenzuela R, Garmendia ML, Casanello P. Growth patterns in infants born to women with pregestational overweight/obesity supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 79:371-381. [PMID: 38922906 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy have controversial and contrasting results on the short and long-term effects on early child growth. The impact of this nutritional intervention on the postnatal growth patterns in the offspring of women with pregestational overweight/obesity (PGO) also remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To analyze the postnatal growth patterns during the first 4 months of life in the offspring of women with PGO randomly supplemented with 800 mg/day (PGO-800) compared with normative doses of 200 mg/day (PGO-200) of DHA during pregnancy (<15 weeks of gestation until delivery). METHODS This study evaluated the growth patterns during the first 4 months of life of 169 infants of the women that participated in the MIGHT study (NCT02574767). We included the infants of women from the PGO-200 (n = 81) and PGO-800 group (n = 88). The growth patterns (weight, length, and head circumference) and change in z-score (World health Organization charts) were evaluated. RESULTS Throughout the first 4 months of life, the infants of the PGO-800 group had lower weight-for-length z-score (coef. -0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.07, -0.22, p = 0.003) and lower body mass index-for-age z-score (coef. -0.56, 95% CI -0.99, -0.12, p = 0.012) compared with the PGO-200 group adjusted by maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, gestational age, insulin in cord blood and infant feeding (exclusive breastfed, not breastfed, and partially breastfed). CONCLUSIONS Maternal supplementation with DHA during pregnancy could beneficially limit the offspring's postnatal weight gain during the first 4 months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Toro
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gigliola Alberti
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelica Dominguez
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Carrasco-Negüe
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Ferrer
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Luisa Garmendia
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sen S, Cherkerzian S, Herlihy M, Hacker MR, McElrath TF, Cantonwine DE, Fichorova R, Oken E, Meydani SN. Supplementation with antioxidant micronutrients in pregnant women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:796-807. [PMID: 38396126 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Obesity increases maternal morbidity and adversely affects child health. Maternal inflammation may play a role in adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether providing a higher dose of antioxidant micronutrients to pregnant women with obesity would raise concentrations of key antioxidant vitamins and impact inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. We recruited pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 at their initial prenatal visit ( < 13 weeks gestation) and collected blood and urine samples at baseline, 24-28 weeks, and 32-36 weeks to measure micronutrient concentrations (vitamin C, E, B6 and folate), markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, 8, and 1β) and oxidative stress (8-epi-PGF2α and malondialdehyde). We collected maternal and infant health data from enrollment to delivery as secondary outcomes. We enrolled 128 participants (64 in each arm), and 98 (49 in each arm) completed follow-up through delivery. INTERVENTION Both groups received a standard prenatal vitamin containing the recommended daily allowance of micronutrients in pregnancy. In addition, the intervention group received a supplement with 90 mg vitamin C, 30 αTU vitamin E, 18 mg vitamin B6, and 800 μg folic acid, and the control group received a placebo. RESULTS The intervention group had higher vit B6 (log transformed (ln), β 24-28 weeks: 0.76 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.40, 1.12); β 32-36 weeks: 0.52 nmol/L (95% CI: 0.17, 0.88)) than the control group. Vitamins C, E, erythrocyte RBC folate concentrations did not differ by randomization group. The intervention did not impact biomarkers of inflammation or oxidative stress. There were no differences in maternal or neonatal clinical outcomes by randomization group. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of antioxidant vitamins during pregnancy increased specific micronutrients and did not impact maternal inflammation and oxidative stress, which may be related to dosing or type of supplementation provided. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Identification Number: NCT02802566; URL of the Registration Site: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbattama Sen
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sara Cherkerzian
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Herlihy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raina Fichorova
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin N Meydani
- JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Gaddy JA, Moore RE, Lochner JS, Rogers LM, Noble KN, Giri A, Aronoff DM, Cliffel D, Eastman AJ. Palmitate and group B Streptococcus synergistically and differentially induce IL-1β from human gestational membranes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1409378. [PMID: 38855112 PMCID: PMC11158625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1409378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rupture of the gestational membranes often precedes major pregnancy complications, including preterm labor and preterm birth. One major cause of inflammation in the gestational membranes, chorioamnionitis (CAM) is often a result of bacterial infection. The commensal bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading infectious cause of CAM. Obesity is on the rise worldwide and roughly 1 in 4 pregnancy complications is related to obesity, and individuals with obesity are also more likely to be colonized by GBS. The gestational membranes are comprised of several distinct cell layers which are, from outermost to innermost: maternally-derived decidual stromal cells (DSCs), fetal cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), fetal mesenchymal cells, and fetal amnion epithelial cells (AECs). In addition, the gestational membranes have several immune cell populations; macrophages are the most common phagocyte. Here we characterize the effects of palmitate, the most common long-chain saturated fatty acid, on the inflammatory response of each layer of the gestational membranes when infected with GBS, using human cell lines and primary human tissue. Results Palmitate itself slightly but significantly augments GBS proliferation. Palmitate and GBS co-stimulation synergized to induce many inflammatory proteins and cytokines, particularly IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase 9 from DSCs, CTBs, and macrophages, but not from AECs. Many of these findings are recapitulated when treating cells with palmitate and a TLR2 or TLR4 agonist, suggesting broad applicability of palmitate-pathogen synergy. Co-culture of macrophages with DSCs or CTBs, upon co-stimulation with GBS and palmitate, resulted in increased inflammatory responses, contrary to previous work in the absence of palmitate. In whole gestational membrane biopsies, the amnion layer appeared to dampen immune responses from the DSC and CTB layers (the choriodecidua) to GBS and palmitate co-stimulation. Addition of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate, the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid in circulation, dampened the proinflammatory effect of palmitate. Discussion These studies reveal a complex interplay between the immunological response of the distinct layers of the gestational membrane to GBS infection and that such responses can be altered by exposure to long-chain saturated fatty acids. These data provide insight into how metabolic syndromes such as obesity might contribute to an increased risk for GBS disease during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Publications Division, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lochner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lisa M. Rogers
- Department Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kristen N. Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ayush Giri
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Department Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alison J. Eastman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Kearns ML, Reynolds CM. Developmentally programmed obesity: Is there a role for anti-inflammatory nutritional strategies? Exp Physiol 2024; 109:633-646. [PMID: 38031876 PMCID: PMC11061634 DOI: 10.1113/ep091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a period of immense maternal physiological adaptation, with progressive increases in lipid storage potential and insulin resistance to support fetal/placental growth. This requires significant change in the adipose tissue. Women living with obesity/overweight are more susceptible to these changes causing complications such as gestational diabetes. This is particularly worrying as up to 60% of European women are living with overweight/obesity at the onset of pregnancy. Furthermore, less than 1% meet all nutrition guidelines. There is now evidence that these deep metabolic changes can result in a predisposition to metabolic disease in both the mother and child in later life. Health and nutrition status during this period therefore represents a window to future health. This period offers a valuable opportunity for intervention to prevent the negative consequences of poor in utero environments and increases the long-term quality of life for mother and offspring. This review will examine a range of in utero factors which determine adipose tissue development, the impact of these factors on later-life obesity and metabolic health and the therapeutic value of dietary anti-inflammatory nutritional interventions during pregnancy and early life. When it comes to early life nutrition, a 'one size fits all' approach is not always appropriate. Understanding the mechanisms of adipose tissue development in response to differing nutritional strategies may be important in the context of complicated or adverse in utero environments and represents a substantial step towards a more personalised nutritional approach for the prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome and related non-communicable diseases in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kearns
- Conway Institute/School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science/Institute of Food and Health/Diabetes Complications Research CentreUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
| | - Clare M. Reynolds
- Conway Institute/School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science/Institute of Food and Health/Diabetes Complications Research CentreUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland
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Slotkowski R, VanOrmer M, Akbar A, Hahka T, Thompson M, Rapoza R, Ulu A, Thoene M, Lyden E, Mukherjee M, Yuil-Valdes A, Natarajan SK, Nordgren T, Hanson C, Berry AA. Bioactive metabolites of OMEGA-6 and OMEGA-3 fatty acids are associated with inflammatory cytokine concentrations in maternal and infant plasma at the time of delivery. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:223-233. [PMID: 38479914 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammation is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. However, unregulated or excessive inflammation during pregnancy is associated with severe maternal and infant morbidities, such as pre-eclampsia, abnormal infant neurodevelopment, or preterm birth. Inflammation is regulated in part by the bioactive metabolites of omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs). N-6 FAs have been shown to promote pro-inflammatory cytokine environments in adults, while n-3 FAs have been shown to contribute to the resolution of inflammation; however, how these metabolites affect maternal and infant inflammation is still uncertain. The objective of this study was to predict the influence of n-6 and n-3 FA metabolites on inflammatory biomarkers in maternal and umbilical cord plasma at the time of delivery. METHODS Inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα) for maternal and umbilical cord plasma samples in 39 maternal-infant dyads were analyzed via multi-analyte bead array. Metabolites of n-6 FAs (arachidonic acid and linoleic acid) and n-3 FAs (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) were assayed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Linear regression models assessed relationships between maternal and infant inflammatory markers and metabolite plasma concentrations. RESULTS Increased plasma concentrations of maternal n-6 metabolites were predictive of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in mothers; similarly, higher plasma concentrations of umbilical cord n-6 FA metabolites were predictive of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in infants. Higher plasma concentrations of maternal n-6 FA metabolites were also predictive of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in infants, suggesting that maternal n-6 FA status has an intergenerational impact on the inflammatory status of the infant. In contrast, maternal and cord plasma concentrations of n-3 FA metabolites had a mixed effect on inflammatory status in mothers and infants, which may be due to the inadequate maternal dietary intake of n-3 FAs in our study population. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that maternal FA status may have an intergenerational impact on the inflammatory status of the infant. Additional research is needed to identify how dietary interventions that modify maternal FA intake prior to or during pregnancy may impact maternal and infant inflammatory status and associated long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Slotkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA.
| | - Matthew VanOrmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA
| | - Anum Akbar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA
| | - Taija Hahka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA
| | - Rebekah Rapoza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maheswari Mukherjee
- Diagnostic Cytology Program, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ana Yuil-Valdes
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Tara Nordgren
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Profession, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 981205 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1205, USA
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8
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Silveira JM, Ribeiro TS, Guilarducci MJ, Reis MG, Vieira RAL, Guimarães NS, Gomes JMG. Effect of fish-oil supplementation on the glycemic and lipidemic profiles of pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad158. [PMID: 38318725 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Pregnant women have physiological metabolic changes in glycemic and lipid profiles that are essential for fetal development. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of fish-oil-capsule supplementation on the glycemic and lipid profiles of pregnant women. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was conducted of the MEDLINE (by PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases and gray literature, including preprints for all relevant studies published in English, with no date restrictions. DATA EXTRACTION The estimated pooled results were analyzed using a random-effects model and represented by mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analyses were performed with R software, version 4.2.1, using the "Meta" packages, versions 6.0-0. DATA ANALYSIS Fifteen eligible studies were included after screening. In a pooled analysis, overall fish-oil supplementation had no effect on parameters compared with placebo. In the subgroup analysis, fish-oil supplementation may be beneficial in insulin (MD: -2.11 IU/mL; 95% CI: -3.86, -0.36) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.71; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.29) indices, with heterogeneity (I2 =0%) among pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. In the subgroup with doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) below 200 mg, there was a reduction in HOMA-IR in the intervention group (MD: -0.60; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.06). CONCLUSION Pregnant women taking fish-oil capsules showed significant beneficial changes in the subgroups of type 2 diabetes and EPA dosages below 200 mg for insulin and HOMA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Silveira
- Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, Brazil
| | - Thassia S Ribeiro
- Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nathalia S Guimarães
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Júnia M G Gomes
- Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, Brazil
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9
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Hou Y, Xiang J, Wang B, Duan S, Song R, Zhou W, Tan S, He B. Pathogenesis and comprehensive treatment strategies of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1263650. [PMID: 38260146 PMCID: PMC10801049 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1263650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and diabetes are two age-related diseases that are common in the elderly population, and have a serious effect on their general health and quality of life. Sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength and function, whereas diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. The comorbidity of sarcopenia and diabetes is particularly concerning, as people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing sarcopenia due to the combination of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and reduced physical activity. In contrast, sarcopenia destroyed blood sugar control and exacerbated the development of people with diabetes, leading to the occurrence of a variety of complications. Fortunately, there are a number of effective treatment strategies for sarcopenia in people with diabetes. Physical exercise and a balanced diet with enough protein and nutrients have been proved to enhance the muscular quality and strength of this population. Additionally, pharmacological therapies and lifestyle changes can optimize blood sugar control, which can prevent further muscle loss and improve overall health outcomes. This review aims to summarize the pathogenesis and comprehensive treatment strategies of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, which help healthcare professionals recognize their intimate connection and provide a new vision for the treatment of diabetes and its complications in this population. Through early identification and comprehensive treatment, it is possible to improve the muscle function and general quality of life of elderly with diabetes and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shoufeng Duan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rouxuan Song
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binsheng He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Sandoval C, Nahuelqueo K, Mella L, Recabarren B, Souza-Mello V, Farías J. Role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic, in the regulation of gene expression during the development of obesity: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1288804. [PMID: 38024342 PMCID: PMC10665854 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1288804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There exists a correlation between obesity and the consumption of an excessive amount of calories, with a particular association between the intake of saturated and trans fats and an elevated body mass index. Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, have been identified as potential preventive nutrients against the cardiometabolic hazards that are commonly associated with obesity. The objective of this comprehensive review was to elucidate the involvement of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in the modulation of gene expression during the progression of obesity. Methods The present analysis focused on primary studies that investigated the association between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, gene expression, and obesity in individuals aged 18 to 65 years. Furthermore, a comprehensive search was conducted on many databases until August 2023 to identify English-language scholarly articles utilizing MeSH terms and textual content pertaining to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, gene expression, obesity, and omega-3. The protocol has been registered on PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42022298395. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a total of nine primary research articles. All research collected and presented quantitative data. Results and Discussion The findings of our study indicate that the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid may have potential advantages and efficacy in addressing noncommunicable diseases, including obesity. This can be attributed to their anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to regulate genes associated with obesity, such as PPARγ and those within the ALOX family. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022298395, CRD42022298395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Karen Nahuelqueo
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luciana Mella
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Blanca Recabarren
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratorio de Morfometría, Metabolismo y Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biología, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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11
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Han P, Du Z, Liu X, You J, Shi XE, Sun S, Yang G, Li X. Effects of maternal supplementation of fish oil during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, fecal microbiota structure and post-weaning diarrhoea of offspring piglets. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:966-977. [PMID: 36539976 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of gut microbiota is a critical contributor to growth and health in weaned piglets. Fish oil is widely reported to benefit health of mammals including preventing intestinal dysfunction, yet its protective effect during suckling-to-weaning transition in piglets remains undetermined. Low (30 g/d) and high (60 g/d) doses of n-3-rich fish oil were supplemented in sows from late gestation to lactation. Serum indicators and gut microbiota were determined to evaluate the effects of maternal fish oil on growth performance, immunity and diarrhea of piglets. DHA and EPA in the colostrum as well as serum of suckling and 1-week post-wean piglets were significantly and linearly increased by maternal supplementation of fish oil (P < 0.05). IGF1 and T3 in nursing and weaned piglets were significantly elevated by maternal fish oil (P < 0.05), and the increase of IGF1 was concerning the dosage of fish oil. Colostrum IgG, plasma IgG, IgM in suckling piglets, IgG, IgM and IgA in weaned piglets were significantly increase as maternal replenishment of fish oil increased (P < 0.05). Additionally, cortisol was significantly reduced in weaned pigs (P < 0.05), regardless of dosage. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that α-diversity of fecal microbiota in nursery piglets, and fecal Lactobacillus genus, positively correlated with post-weaning IgA, was significantly increased by high dosage. Collectively, maternal fish oil during late pregnancy and lactation significantly promoted growth, enhanced immunity, and reduced post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, therefore facilitated suckling-to-weaning transition in piglets, which may be partially due to the altered gut microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi You
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin E Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiduo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Sciences and Technologies, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, People's Republic of China
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12
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Soukka J, Polari L, Kalliomäki M, Saros L, Laajala TD, Vahlberg T, Toivola DM, Laitinen K. The Effect of a Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention from Early Pregnancy Onwards on Colostrum Immune Mediators: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial in Overweight/Obese Mothers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200446. [PMID: 37326413 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Modifying the composition of colostrum by external factors may provide opportunities to improve the infant's health. Here, we evaluated how fish oil and/or probiotics supplementation modify concentrations of colostrum immune mediators and their associations with perinatal clinical factors on mothers with overweight/obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant women were randomized in a double-blind manner into four intervention groups, and the supplements were consumed daily from early pregnancy onwards. Colostrum samples were collected from 187 mothers, and 16 immune mediators were measured using bead-based immunoassays. Interventions modified colostrum composition; the fish oil+probiotics group had higher concentrations of IL-12p70 than probiotics+placebo and higher FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3L) than fish oil+placebo and probiotics+placebo (one-way analysis of variance, post-hoc Tukey's test). Although the fish oil+probiotics group had higher levels of IFNα2 compared to the fish oil+placebo group, these differences were not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Multivariate linear model revealed significant associations between several immune mediators and the perinatal use of medication. CONCLUSION Fish oil/probiotics intervention exerted a minor effect on concentrations of colostrum immune mediators. However, medication during the perinatal period modulated the immune mediators. These changes in colostrum's composition may contribute to immune system development in the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Soukka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Marko Kalliomäki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
| | - Lotta Saros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- Biomathematics Research Group, Fican West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
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13
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Mu F, Huo H, Wang M, Wang F. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements and recurrent miscarriage: A perspective on potential mechanisms and clinical evidence. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4460-4471. [PMID: 37576058 PMCID: PMC10420786 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects approximately 1%-5% of couples worldwide. Due to its complicated etiologies, the treatments for RM also vary greatly, including surgery for anatomic factors such as septate uterus and uterine adhesions, thyroid modulation drugs for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and aspirin and low molecular weight heparin for antiphospholipid syndrome. However, these treatment modalities are still insufficient to solve RM. Omega-3 fatty acids are reported to modulate the dysregulation of immune cells, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, etc., which are closely associated with the pathogenesis of RM. However, there is a lack of a systematic description of the involvement of omega-3 fatty acids in treating RM, and the underlying mechanisms are also not clear. In this review, we sought to determine the potential mechanisms that are highly associated with the pathogenesis of RM and the regulation of omega-3 fatty acids on these mechanisms. In addition, we also highlighted the direct and indirect clinical evidence of omega-3 fatty acid supplements to treat RM, which might encourage the application of omega-3 fatty acids to treat RM, thus improving pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Mu
- Department of Reproductive MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Huyan Huo
- Department of Reproductive MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Reproductive MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Reproductive MedicineLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
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14
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Castro JJ, Umana-Perez A, Castaño-Moreno E, Casanello P, Ronco AM. DHA Supplementation during Pregnancy in Women with Obesity Normalizes IGF2R Levels in the Placenta of Male Newborns. Int J Endocrinol 2023; 2023:1515033. [PMID: 37408866 PMCID: PMC10319466 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1515033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin-like growth factor receptor 2 (IGF2R) regulates placental nutrient transport, and its soluble form is related to obesity in adults. If the placental expression of IGF2R is altered in women with obesity is unknown. Whether maternal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties, has a modulatory role in IGF2R's function has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that maternal obesity (Ob) would be associated with alterations in placental IGF2R expression, which may be prevented with DHA supplementation during pregnancy. Methods At delivery, we obtained placentas from women with Ob (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 17), Ob supplemented with 800 mg/day of DHA during pregnancy (Ob + DHA, n = 13), and normal-weight women (Nw, BMI ≥ 18.5 ≤ 24.9 kg/m2, n = 14). The IGF2R mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Moreover, we quantified the gene expression of molecules that modulate the IGF2R function in the extracellular domain, such as TACE/ADAM17, PLAU, and IGF2. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests were used to compare results between two or three groups accordingly. Results The IGF2R levels in the Ob placentas of the male offspring were higher than in the Nw group. The DHA supplementation prevented this effect, suggesting an unknown relationship between IGF2R-Ob-DHA in placental tissues. Conclusion We report, for the first time, that DHA supplementation during pregnancy in women with obesity normalizes the increased IGF2R levels in male placentas, reducing the risk of adverse outcomes related to the IGF2/IGF2R system in male newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Castro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Investigación en Hormonas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Código Postal: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Umana-Perez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Investigación en Hormonas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Código Postal: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Erika Castaño-Moreno
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctor Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Post Code 7830490, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Paola Casanello
- Department of Neonatology and Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Post Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Ronco
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Regulation, Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Doctor Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Post Code 7830490, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Pelczyńska M, Moszak M, Wesołek A, Bogdański P. The Preventive Mechanisms of Bioactive Food Compounds against Obesity-Induced Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1232. [PMID: 37371961 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns are promising strategies for preventing and treating obesity and its coexisting inflammatory processes. Bioactive food compounds have received considerable attention due to their actions against obesity-induced inflammation, with limited harmful side effects. They are perceived as food ingredients or dietary supplements other than those necessary to meet basic human nutritional needs and are responsible for positive changes in the state of health. These include polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics. Although the exact mechanisms of bioactive food compounds' action are still poorly understood, studies have indicated that they involve the modulation of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones; regulate gene expression in adipose tissue; and modify the signaling pathways responsible for the inflammatory response. Targeting the consumption and/or supplementation of foods with anti-inflammatory potential may represent a new approach to obesity-induced inflammation treatment. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to evaluate strategies for bioactive food compound intake, especially times and doses. Moreover, worldwide education about the advantages of bioactive food compound consumption is warranted to limit the consequences of unhealthy dietary patterns. This work presents a review and synthesis of recent data on the preventive mechanisms of bioactive food compounds in the context of obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Moszak
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wesołek
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry Street, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
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Policastro V, Righelli D, Ravà L, Vernocchi P, Bianchi M, Vallone C, Signore F, Manco M. Dietary Fatty Acids Contribute to Maintaining the Balance between Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Responses during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112432. [PMID: 37299395 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses is essential for ensuring healthy outcomes. Dietary Fatty acids may modulate inflammation. METHODS We investigated the association between dietary fatty acids as profiled on red blood cells membranes and a few pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including the adipokines leptin and adiponectin at ~38 weeks in 250 healthy women. RESULTS We found a number of associations, including, but not limited to those of adiponectin with C22:3/C22:4 (coeff -1.44; p = 0.008), C18:1 c13/c14 (coeff 1.4; p = 0.02); endotoxin with C20:1 (coeff -0.9; p = 0.03), C22:0 (coeff -0.4; p = 0.05); MCP-1 with C16:0 (coeff 0.8; p = 0.04); and ICAM-1 with C14:0 (coeff -86.8; p = 0.045). Several cytokines including leptin were associated with maternal body weight (coeff 0.9; p = 2.31 × 10-5), smoking habits (i.e., ICAM-1 coeff 133.3; p = 0.09), or gestational diabetes (i.e., ICAM-1 coeff 688; p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS In a general cohort of pregnant women, the intake of fatty acids influenced the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules together with weight gain, smoking habits, and gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Policastro
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone", National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Righelli
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone", National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Lucilla Ravà
- Clinical Epidemiology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Bianchi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Vallone
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, USL Roma1, San Filippo Neri Hospital, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, USL Roma2, Sant 'Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Fetal, Neonatal and Cardiological Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Roma, Italy
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Rasool A, Mahmoud T, O’Tierney-Ginn P. Lipid Aldehydes 4-Hydroxynonenal and 4-Hydroxyhexenal Exposure Differentially Impact Lipogenic Pathways in Human Placenta. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040527. [PMID: 37106728 PMCID: PMC10135722 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), such as the omega-6 (n-6) arachidonic acid (AA) and n-3 docosahexanoic acid (DHA), have a vital role in normal fetal development and placental function. Optimal supply of these LCPUFAs to the fetus is critical for improving birth outcomes and preventing programming of metabolic diseases in later life. Although not explicitly required/recommended, many pregnant women take n-3 LCPUFA supplements. Oxidative stress can cause these LCPUFAs to undergo lipid peroxidation, creating toxic compounds called lipid aldehydes. These by-products can lead to an inflammatory state and negatively impact tissue function, though little is known about their effects on the placenta. Placental exposure to two major lipid aldehydes, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), caused by peroxidation of the AA and DHA, respectively, was examined in the context of lipid metabolism. We assessed the impact of exposure to 25 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM of 4-HNE or 4-HHE on 40 lipid metabolism genes in full-term human placenta. 4-HNE increased gene expression associated with lipogenesis and lipid uptake (ACC, FASN, ACAT1, FATP4), and 4-HHE decreased gene expression associated with lipogenesis and lipid uptake (SREBP1, SREBP2, LDLR, SCD1, MFSD2a). These results demonstrate that these lipid aldehydes differentially affect expression of placental FA metabolism genes in the human placenta and may have implications for the impact of LCPUFA supplementation in environments of oxidative stress.
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Moussa H, Robitaille K, Pelletier JF, Tourigny R, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Toren P, Lodde M, Tiguert R, Dujardin T, Caumartin Y, Duchesne T, Julien P, Savard J, Diorio C, Fradet V. Effects of Concentrated Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Quality of Life after Radical Prostatectomy: A Phase II Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (RCT-EPA). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061369. [PMID: 36986098 PMCID: PMC10052536 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) and associated treatments incur symptoms that may impact patients’ quality of life. Studies have shown beneficial relationships between diet, especially omega-3 fatty acids, and these symptoms. Unfortunately, only few data describing the relationship between long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (LCn3) and PCa-related symptoms in patients are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of LCn3 supplementation on PCa-specific quality of life in 130 men treated by radical prostatectomy. Men were randomized to receive a daily dose of either 3.75 g of fish oil or a placebo starting 7 weeks before surgery and for up to one-year post-surgery. Quality of life was assessed using the validated EPIC-26 and IPSS questionnaires at randomization, at surgery, and every 3 months following surgery. Between-group differences were assessed using linear mixed models. Intention-to-treat analyses showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, at 12-month follow-up, per-protocol analyses showed a significantly greater increase in the urinary irritation function score (better urinary function) (MD = 5.5, p = 0.03) for the LCn3 group compared to placebo. These results suggest that LCn3 supplementation may improve the urinary irritation function in men with PCa treated by radical prostatectomy and support to conduct of larger-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Moussa
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | | | - Roxane Tourigny
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Paul Toren
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Michele Lodde
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Rabi Tiguert
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Dujardin
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Yves Caumartin
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Duchesne
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Josée Savard
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Emami N, Moini A, Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Yaghmaei P, Shahhoseini M, Alizadeh A. Fatty Acids in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Pregnant Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Associated with Genes Related to Steroidogenesis: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2023; 17:127-132. [PMID: 36906830 PMCID: PMC10009509 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2022.551310.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The qualitative analysis of adipose tissue (AT) is an exciting area for research and clinical applications in several diseases and it is emerging along with the quantitative approach to research on overweight and obese people. While the importance of steroid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been reported, limited data exists on the effective roles of AT in pregnant women suffering from PCOS. The aim of this study was to determine association of fatty acid (FA) profiles with expression of 14 steroid genes in abdominal subcutaneous AT of PCOS vs. non-PCOS pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, the AT samples of 36 non-PCOS pregnant women and 12 pregnant women with PCOS (3:1 ratio control: case) who underwent cesarean section were collected. Relationship of expressing gene targets and different features were performed using Pearson correlation analysis on the R 3.6.2 software. The ggplot2 package in R tool was used to draw the plots. RESULTS Age (31.4 and 31.5 years, P=0.99), body mass index (BMI) (prior pregnancy 26 and 26.5 kg.m-2, P=0.62) and at delivery day (30.1 and 31, P=0.94), gestational period (264 and 267 days, P=0.70) and parity (1.4 and 1.4, P=0.42) of non-PCOS and PCOS pregnant women were similar. Expression of steroidogenic acute regulator (STAR) and 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11BHSD2) in non-PCOS pregnant women showed the highest association with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3, r=0.59, P=0.001) and (r=0.66, P=0.001), respectively. In the all participants, STAR mRNA level showed the greatest association with the EPA fatty acid concentration (P=0.001, r=0.51). CONCLUSION Our results showed a link between the genes involved in steroid metabolism and fatty acids in AT of pregnant women, especially for omega-3 FA and the gene involved in the first step of steroidogenesis in subcutaneous AT. These findings warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Emami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Alizadeh
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Gyn-medicum, Center for Reproductive Medicine, GÖttingen, Germany
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20
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Saros L, Vahlberg T, Koivuniemi E, Houttu N, Niinikoski H, Tertti K, Laitinen K. Fish Oil And/Or Probiotics Intervention in Overweight/Obese Pregnant Women and Overweight Risk in 24-Month-Old Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76:218-226. [PMID: 36705702 PMCID: PMC9848211 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether a fish oil and/or probiotics intervention in pregnant women with overweight or obesity would influence the tendency of their 24-month-old children to become overweight and alter their body fat percentage. METHODS Women (n = 439) were double-blindly randomized into 4 intervention groups: fish oil+placebo, probiotics+placebo, probiotics+fish oil, and placebo+placebo (fish oil: 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid, probiotics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). The intervention lasted from early pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. Children's (n = 330) growth data (height, weight, head circumference), a secondary outcome of the trial, were evaluated at birth, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of age and compared to Finnish growth charts. Body fat percentage was measured with air displacement plethysmography (24 months). Logistic regression and general linear models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Probiotics+placebo [weight-for-height% adj. Odds ratio (OR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.14-0.95] and probiotics+fish oil [weight-for-age standard deviation score (SD-score) adj. OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.07-0.71] associated with lower overweight odds in 24-month-old children compared to placebo+placebo. Results remained essentially the same, when probiotics' main effect (combined probiotics+placebo and probiotics+fish oil) was estimated; that is, lower overweight odds (weight-for-height% adj. OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25-0.95 and weight-for-age SD-score adj. OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20-0.88) compared to non-probiotics. No fish oil main effect (combined fish oil+placebo and probiotics+fish oil) was seen. The intervention did not influence body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS The administration of probiotics solely and in combination with fish oil during pregnancy to women with overweight or obesity lowered the overweight odds of their 24-month-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Saros
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- the Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ella Koivuniemi
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Houttu
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Tertti
- the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Maternal obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus, and diet in association with neurodevelopment of 2-year-old children. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-022-02455-4. [PMID: 36596942 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal metabolic disturbances and diet may influence long-term infantile neurodevelopment. We investigated whether maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), obesity, and diet could affect the neurodevelopment of 2-year-old children. METHODS Neurodevelopment of children (n = 243) born to mothers with overweight or obesity was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition, and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination. Maternal adiposity was determined by air displacement plethysmography, and GDM with an oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary assessment included diet quality and fish consumption questionnaires, and three-day food diaries, from which dietary inflammatory index (DII®) scores were computed. RESULTS GDM was associated with weaker expressive language skills (adj.β = -1.12, 95% CI = -2.10;-0.15), and higher maternal adiposity with weaker cognitive, language, and motor skills in children (adj.p < 0.05). Maternal good dietary quality (adj.β = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.004;1.73) and higher fish consumption (adj.p = 0.02) were related to better expressive language skills. DII scores were not associated with children's neurodevelopment. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that GDM and higher maternal adiposity may lead to weaker neurodevelopmental skills, although still within the mean normative range in this population of children. Good dietary quality and higher fish consumption during pregnancy could benefit a child's language development. IMPACT Gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal higher adiposity may have unfavorable effects on a 2-year-old child's neurodevelopment. An overall good quality of diet and higher fish consumption during pregnancy may result in more favorable cognitive and language skills when the child is 2-year-old. Our findings reveal that women with overweight or obesity, a risk group for pregnancy complications, could benefit from dietary counseling to support their children's neurodevelopment.
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Impact of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in pregnancy on maternal health and birth outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis from randomized controlled trails. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:249-262. [PMID: 35348829 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal omega-3 consumption during pregnancy has been positively linked with a positive impact on maternal health and fetal growth. However, the results of individual studies are inconsistent and conflicting. OBJECTIVE Examine the effect of supplementation with DHA, and/or EPA, and/or ALA throughout pregnancy on offspring's growth and pregnancy outcomes. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. POPULATION Pregnant women. METHODS According to (PRISMA) statement and the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Human trials (RCT or quasi-RCT) which involved oral omega-3 supplementation at least twice a week during pregnancy were included and comparing it with control groups with no supplementation or placebo administration. Data were extracted and directed using RevMan software. Fifty-nine randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Performed in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library comparing omega 3 with control groups, from 1990 to 2020. THE MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measures were pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational duration, preterm birth, early preterm birth, birth weight, low birth weight, neonatal length, and head circumference. The secondary outcomes were neonatal intensive care unit, infant death, prenatal death, and cesarean section. RESULTS In 24 comparisons (21,919 women) n-3 fatty acids played a protective role against the risk of preeclampsia (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74-0.96 p = 0.008; I2 = 24%). In 46 comparisons (16,254 women) n-3 fatty acids were associated with a significantly greater duration of pregnancy (MD = 1.35, 95% CI 0.65-2.05, p = 0.0002; I2 = 59%). 27 comparisons (15,510 women) was accompanied by a significant decrease in pre-term birth less than 37 weeks (RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.95, p = 0.005; I2 = 0%). 12 comparisons (11,774 women) was accompanied by a significant decrease in early pre-term birth less than 34 weeks (RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.95, p = 0.01; I2 = 40%). 38 comparisons (16,505 infants) had a significant increase in birth weight (MD = 49.19, 95% CI 28.47-69.91, p < 0.00001; I2 = 100%). Finally, 14 comparisons (8,449 infants) had a borderline significance in increase in low birth weight (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-1.00, p = 0.05; I2 = 28%). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with omega-3 in prgnancy can prevent preeclampsia, increase gestational duration, increase birth weight and decrease the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth.
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23
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Brombach C, Tong W, Giussani DA. Maternal obesity: new placental paradigms unfolded. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:823-835. [PMID: 35760668 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing at an alarming rate, and is providing a major challenge for obstetric practice. Adverse effects on maternal and fetal health are mediated by complex interactions between metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress signaling in the placenta. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are common downstream pathways of cell stress, and there is evidence that this conserved homeostatic response may be a key mediator in the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction. We summarize the current literature on the placental cellular and molecular changes that occur in obese women. A special focus is cast onto placental ER stress in obese pregnancy, which may provide a novel link for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Tong
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge CB2 3EL, Cambridge UK.
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EL, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge CB2 3EL, Cambridge UK; Cambridge Cardiovascular Centre for Research Excellence, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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24
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Satokar VV, Vickers MH, Reynolds CM, Ponnampalam AP, Firth EC, Garg ML, Barrett CJ, Cutfield WS, Albert BB. Fish oil supplementation of rats fed a high fat diet during pregnancy improves offspring insulin sensitivity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:968443. [PMID: 36118754 PMCID: PMC9481032 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.968443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn rats, a maternal high-fat diet (HFD) leads to adverse metabolic changes in the adult offspring, similar to the children of mothers with obesity during pregnancy. Supplementation with a high dose of fish oil (FO) to pregnant rats fed a HFD has been shown to prevent the development of insulin resistance in adult offspring. However, the effects of supplementation at a translationally relevant dose remain unknown.AimTo determine whether supplementation with a human-relevant dose of FO to pregnant rats can prevent the long-term adverse metabolic and cardiovascular effects of a maternal HFD on adult offspring.MethodsFemale rats (N = 100, 90 days of age) were assigned to HFD (45% kcal from fat) or control diet (CD) for 14 days prior to mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Following mating, dams received a gel containing 0.05 ml of FO (human equivalent 2–3 ml) or a control gel on each day of pregnancy. This produced 4 groups, CD with control gel, CD with FO gel, HFD with control gel and HFD with FO gel. Plasma and tissue samples were collected at day 20 of pregnancy and postnatal day 2, 21, and 100. Adult offspring were assessed for insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, DXA scan, and 2D echocardiography.ResultsThere was an interaction between maternal diet and FO supplementation on insulin sensitivity (p = 0.005) and cardiac function (p < 0.01). A maternal HFD resulted in impaired insulin sensitivity in the adult offspring (p = 0.005 males, p = 0.001 females). FO supplementation in the context of a maternal HFD prevented the reduction in insulin sensitivity in offspring (p = 0.05 males, p = 0.0001 females). However, in dams consuming CD, FO supplementation led to impaired insulin sensitivity (p = 0.02 males, p = 0.001 females), greater body weight and reduced cardiac ejection fraction.ConclusionThe effects of a human-relevant dose of maternal FO on offspring outcomes were dependent on the maternal diet, so that FO was beneficial to the offspring if the mother consumed a HFD, but deleterious if the mother consumed a control diet. This study suggests that supplementation with FO should be targeted to women expected to have abnormalities of metabolism such as those with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidit V. Satokar
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare M. Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna P. Ponnampalam
- Manaaki Mānawa – The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elwyn C. Firth
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn J. Barrett
- Manaaki Mānawa – The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S. Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start – National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin B. Albert
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start – National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Benjamin B. Albert,
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Conway J, Certo M, Lord JM, Mauro C, Duggal NA. Understanding the role of host metabolites in the induction of immune senescence: Future strategies for keeping the ageing population healthy. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1808-1824. [PMID: 34435354 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is accompanied by significant remodelling of the immune system, termed immune senescence, and increased systemic inflammation, termed inflammageing, both of which contribute towards an increased risk of developing chronic diseases in old age. Age-associated alterations in metabolic homeostasis have been linked with changes in a range of physiological functions, but their effects on immune senescence remains poorly understood. In this article, we review the recent literature to formulate hypotheses as to how an age-associated dysfunctional metabolism, driven by an accumulation of key host metabolites (saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, ceramides and lactate) and loss of other metabolites (glutamine, tryptophan and short-chain fatty acids), might play a role in driving immune senescence and inflammageing, ultimately leading to diseases of old age. We also highlight the potential use of metabolic immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these processes in counteracting immune senescence and restoring immune homeostasis in older adults. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Inflammation, Repair and Ageing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Conway
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Pasupuleti RR, Tsai PC, Ponnusamy VK, Chen NC. Green sample pre-treatment technique coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for the rapid biomonitoring of dietary poly-unsaturated (omega) fatty acids to predict health risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132685. [PMID: 34743796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption indicates beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and physiological processes in humans. However, the inappropriate ratio of omega-(ω)-PUFA levels in human blood is considered as raising the risk of CVD. Therefore, monitoring dietary ω-FAs in human serum is vital for early diagnosis for individuals to predict CVD risk. This work reports a fast green sample pre-treatment protocol for sensitive and simultaneous monitoring of ω-3-FAs and ω-6-FAs in serum by novel in-syringe-based ultrasonication-assisted alkaline hydrolysis coupled with vortex-induced liquid-liquid microextraction (IS-USAH-VI-LLME) technique connected with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Factors affecting extraction recoveries of ten ω-PUFAs by the presented method were well-studied. ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs demonstrated excellent linearities between the concentrations between 0.1-10,000 ng mL-1 with good regression coefficients between 0.9910-0.9997. The detection and quantification limits were between 0.05-0.35 and 0.16-1.07 ng mL-1, demonstrating that the presented method is highly sensitive and versatile. The precision of the technique was <8.2% that deemed acceptable in clinical analysis. Further, the proposed method was applied for ω-PUFAs analysis in human blood samples, and spiked recoveries showed between 80.32-119.34% with <9.82% precision. Results proved that the developed method is green, sensitive, and reliable to simultaneously determine ten ω-PUFAs in human blood samples for clinical diagnosis applications for predicting health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan; Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City, 811, Taiwan.
| | - Nai-Ching Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.
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Siroma TK, Machate DJ, Zorgetto-Pinheiro VA, Figueiredo PS, Marcelino G, Hiane PA, Bogo D, Pott A, Cury ERJ, Guimarães RDCA, Vilela MLB, Ferreira RDS, do Nascimento VA. Polyphenols and ω-3 PUFAs: Beneficial Outcomes to Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 8:781622. [PMID: 35111795 PMCID: PMC8802753 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.781622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the leading causes of death in the worldwide. On the other hand, the intake of vegetables, fruits and fish is related to the reduction of obesity and other metabolic syndromes. This review aims to highlight the role of ingestion of polyphenols and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in reducing obesity and related metabolic diseases (RMDs). The consumption of vegetables, fish and by-products rich in polyphenols and α-linolenic acid (ALA), as well as oils rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with a decrease in obesity and its RMDs in consumers. Furthermore, we discussed the adequate amount of extracts, powder, polyphenols, ω-3 PUFAs administrated in animal models and human subjects, and the relevant outcomes obtained. Thus, we appeal to the research institutions and departments of the Ministries of Health in each country to develop a food education joint project to help schools, businesses and families with the aim of reducing obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Keiko Siroma
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - David Johane Machate
- Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health - GEBABS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Materials Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Elenir Rose Jardim Cury
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health - GEBABS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Rees G, Brough L, Orsatti GM, Lodge A, Walker S. Do Micronutrient and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Affect Human Maternal Immunity during Pregnancy? A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:367. [PMID: 35057548 PMCID: PMC8781537 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids support development of the fetal and neonatal immune system. Whether supplementation is similarly beneficial for the mother during gestation has received limited attention. A scoping review of human trials was conducted looking for evidence of biochemical, genomic, and clinical effects of supplementation on the maternal immune system. The authors explored the literature on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to the present day using PRISMA-ScR methodology. Full-length human trials in English were searched for using general terms and vitamin A, B12, C, D, and E; choline; iodine; iron; selenium; zinc; and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid. Of 1391 unique articles, 36 were eligible for inclusion. Diverse biochemical and epigenomic effects of supplementation were identified that may influence innate and adaptive immunity. Possible clinical benefits were encountered in malaria, HIV infections, anemia, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, and preventing preterm delivery. Only limited publications were identified that directly explored maternal immunity in pregnancy and the effects of micronutrients. None provided a holistic perspective. It is concluded that supplementation may influence biochemical aspects of the maternal immune response and some clinical outcomes, but the evidence from this review is not sufficient to justify changes to current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Rees
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Louise Brough
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Anna Lodge
- St Gilesmedical, London WC2H 8LG, UK; (A.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Steven Walker
- St Gilesmedical, London WC2H 8LG, UK; (A.L.); (S.W.)
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Lebeis IB, de Souza DV, Mennitti LV, Pisani LP, Prado CM, Ribeiro DA. Proinflammatory State in the Odontogenesis of Fetuses Exposed to Different Types of Fatty Acids during Pregnancy. Med Princ Pract 2022; 31:540-547. [PMID: 36096087 PMCID: PMC9841762 DOI: 10.1159/000526777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to analyze the possible changes caused by the maternal ingestion of different types of fatty acids during pregnancy in the proinflammatory state in the odontogenesis of the fetuses. SUBJECT AND METHODS Twenty-four jaws (n = 6 per group) of Wistar rats were collected on the 20th day of intrauterine life. Mothers were separated on the first day of pregnancy into 4 groups according to diet, as described below: control group (C) - diet with soy oil as a source of fat; saturated fatty acid group (S) - diet with lard in saturated fatty acids; trans-fatty acid group (T) - diet with vegetable fat, rich in trans-saturated fatty acids; and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) group - diet with fish oil, rich in PUFAs. RESULTS Microscopic analysis showed no alterations in tissue development of the teeth between the groups with different lipid diets (T, S, and PUFA) when compared to the control group (C); immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of JAK2, STAT3, P-STAT3, SOCS3, and IL-6 showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) compared to the control group. However, there were changes (p < 0.05) between the T group and the PUFA group in the expression of JAK2. CONCLUSION Thus, lipid consumption in the maternal diet remains a topic to be explored in embryonic development, despite not causing morphological changes to the tooth germ of rats.
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Patel D, Newell M, Goruk S, Richard C, Field CJ. Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Supplementation in the Suckling and the Post-weaning Diet Influences the Immune System Development of T Helper Type-2 Bias Brown Norway Rat Offspring. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769293. [PMID: 34790691 PMCID: PMC8592062 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) such as arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play an important role in the development of the infant immune system. The role of LCPUFA in the T helper type 2 (Th2) biased immune system is unknown. We aimed to understand the effect of feeding LCPUFA during suckling and post-weaning on immune system development in Th2 bias Brown Norway rat offspring. Methods: Brown Norway dams were randomly assigned to nutritionally adequate maternal diet throughout the suckling period (0–3 weeks), namely, control diet (0% ARA, 0% DHA; n= 8) or ARA + DHA (0.45% ARA, 0.8% DHA; n = 10). At 3 weeks, offspring from each maternal diet group were randomized to either a control (0% ARA, 0% DHA; n = 19) or ARA+DHA post-weaning (0.5% ARA, 0.5% DHA; n = 18) diet. At 8 weeks, offspring were killed, and tissues were collected for immune cell function and fatty acid composition analyses. Results: ARA + DHA maternal diet resulted in higher (p < 0.05) DHA composition in breast milk (4×) without changing ARA levels. This resulted in more mature adaptive immune cells in spleen [T regulatory (Treg) cells and B cells], mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN, lower CD45RA+), and Peyer's patches (PP; higher IgG+, B cells) in the ARA+DHA group offspring at 8 weeks. ARA+DHA post-weaning diet (3–8 weeks) resulted in 2 × higher DHA in splenocyte phospholipids compared to control. This also resulted in higher Th1 cytokines, ~50% higher TNF-α and IFNγ, by PMAi stimulated splenocytes ex vivo, with no differences in Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10) compared to controls. Conclusion: Feeding dams a diet higher in DHA during the suckling period resulted in adaptive immune cell maturation in offspring at 8 weeks. Providing ARA and DHA during the post-weaning period in a Th2 biased Brown Norway offspring model may support Th1 biased immune response development, which could be associated with a lower risk of developing atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Tarui T, Rasool A, O'Tierney-Ginn P. How the placenta-brain lipid axis impacts the nutritional origin of child neurodevelopmental disorders: Focus on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113910. [PMID: 34742689 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fish is a rich source of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, and as such, is believed to have played an important role in the evolution of the human brain and its advanced cognitive function. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly the n-3 docosahexanoic acid (DHA), are critical for proper neurological development and function. Both low plasma DHA and obesity in pregnancy are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in childhood, and n-3 supplementation has been shown to improve symptoms, as reviewed herein. The mechanisms underlying the connection between maternal obesity, n-3 fatty acid levels and offspring's neurological outcomes are poorly understood, but we review the evidence for a mediating role of the placenta in this relationship. Despite promising data that n-3 fatty acid supplementation mitigates the effect of maternal obesity on placental lipid metabolism, few clinical trials or animal studies have considered the neurological outcomes of offspring of mothers with obesity supplemented with n-3 FA in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Tarui
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Aisha Rasool
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Perrie O'Tierney-Ginn
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Weight gain and body composition during pregnancy: a randomised pilot trial with probiotics and/or fish oil. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:541-551. [PMID: 33143755 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of fish oil and/or probiotic supplementation in a randomised placebo-controlled intervention pilot trial on gestational weight gain (GWG) and body composition. Additionally, the influence of gestational diabetes (GDM) on GWG and body composition was assessed. We randomised 439 overweight women into intervention groups: fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics and placebo + placebo (fish oil: 1·9 g DHA and 0·22 g EPA and probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). GDM was diagnosed with oral glucose tolerance test. Body composition was measured with air displacement plethysmography at randomisation (mean 13·9) and in late pregnancy (mean 35·2 gestational weeks). Intervention did not influence mean GWG or change in body fat mass/percentage (P > 0·17). Body composition in early pregnancy did not differ between the women who did or did not develop GDM (adjusted P > 0·23). Compared with the normoglycaemic women (n 278), women diagnosed with GDM (n 119) gained less weight (7·7 (sd 0·4) v. 9·3 (sd 0·4) kg, adjusted mean difference -1·66 (95 % CI -2·52, -0·80) and fat mass (0·4 (sd 0·4) v. 1·8 (sd 0·3) kg, adjusted mean difference -1·43 (95 % CI -2·19, -0·67) during the follow-up. In conclusion, adiposity of pregnant overweight women was not affected by supplementation with fish oil and/or probiotics, nor did it predict the development of GDM. However, adiposity was reduced in women with GDM compared with normoglycaemic women irrespective of the dietary intervention.
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Kucuk S, Niven J, Caamano J, Jones SW, Camacho-Muñoz D, Nicolaou A, Mauro C. Unwrapping the mechanisms of ceramide and fatty acid-initiated signals leading to immune-inflammatory responses in obesity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105972. [PMID: 33864951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a global epidemic developed in part as a consequence of the overconsumption of high fat diets. One of the main negative outcomes of obesity is the development of low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, induced by dysregulated immune responses, which can lead to multiple obesity-related diseases. Ceramides are a group of bioactive lipids known to be elevated in obesity and obesity-associated conditions, including cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Ceramides may be key players in promoting an obesity-induced inflammatory environment due to their ability to activate key pathways such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NLR pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (Nlrp3), while studies have shown that inhibition of ceramide synthesis gives rise to an anti-inflammatory environment. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been of interest due to their anti-inflammatory actions and shown to have beneficial effects in obesity-related diseases. This review will highlight the impact of ceramides in promoting an obesity-induced inflammatory microenvironment and discuss how n-3 PUFA could potentially counteract these responses and have a regulatory effect promoting immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Kucuk
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Niven
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jorge Caamano
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dolores Camacho-Muñoz
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Kolobarić N, Drenjančević I, Matić A, Šušnjara P, Mihaljević Z, Mihalj M. Dietary Intake of n-3 PUFA-Enriched Hen Eggs Changes Inflammatory Markers' Concentration and Treg/Th17 Cells Distribution in Blood of Young Healthy Adults-A Randomised Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061851. [PMID: 34071714 PMCID: PMC8229500 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated acid (PUFA) supplementation (~1053 mg/per day), i.e., α-linolenic (~230 mg), eicosapentaenoic (~15 mg), and docosahexaenoic acid (~105 mg), through hen eggs, on pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters in healthy individuals (23.8 ± 2.57 years old). Here, we demonstrate differential effects of regular hen eggs (N = 21; W/M = 10/11) and n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs (N = 19; W/M = 10/9) consumption on the serum levels of lipid mediators, representation of peripheral T helper cell subsets (recently activated T-helper cells, nTreg, Th17 and non-Th17-IL-17A secreting T-helper lymphocytes) and their functional capacity for cytokine secretion. Both diets significantly altered systemic levels of pro-inflammatory and inflammation resolving lipid mediators; however, only the n-3 PUFAs group showed a significant shift towards anti-inflammatory prostanoids and increased levels of pro-resolving oxylipins. Both study groups showed reduced frequencies of peripheral nTreg lymphocytes and decreased rates of peripheral Th17 cells. Their functional capacity for cytokine secretion was significantly altered only in the n-3 PUFAs group in terms of increased transforming growth factor β-1 and reduced interleukin 6 secretion. Diet supplemented with n-3 PUFAs alters immune response towards inflammation resolving conditions through effects on lipid mediators and cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes in human model without underlying comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-3151-2800
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Satokar VV, Cutfield WS, Cameron-Smith D, Albert BB. Omega-3 fats in pregnancy: could a targeted approach lead to better metabolic health for children? Nutr Rev 2021; 79:574-584. [PMID: 32974665 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, and the children of women who are obese during pregnancy are at greatest risk. This risk may be mediated by exaggeration of the normal insulin resistance of pregnancy. Omega-3 (n-3) fats are insulin sensitizing. Supplementation during pregnancy may reduce metabolic risk and adiposity in the children. Though results from animal studies are encouraging, completed clinical trials have not demonstrated this benefit. However, to our knowledge, previous studies have not targeted women who are overweight or obese while pregnant-the group at greatest risk for insulin resistance and most likely to benefit from n-3. In this narrative review, the importance of performing clinical trials restricted to women who are overweight or obese is discussed, as is the potential importance of n-3 dose, oil source and quality, and the timing of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidit V Satokar
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Benjamin B Albert
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Serra R, Peñailillo R, Monteiro LJ, Monckeberg M, Peña M, Moyano L, Brunner C, Vega G, Choolani M, Illanes SE. Supplementation of Omega 3 during Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:1704. [PMID: 34069867 PMCID: PMC8157397 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a major cause of neonatal death and long-term consequences for the newborn. This review aims to update the evidence about the potential benefit of pharmacological supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids during pregnancy on the incidence of PTB. The Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Central databases were searched until 28 June 2020 for RCTs in which omega 3 supplementation was used versus placebo to reduce PTB risk. Data from 37 trials were analyzed. We found an 11% reduction in PTB risk (RR(risk ratios), 0.89; 95% CI (confidence intervals), 0.82 to 0.97) in trials using omega 3 supplements versus placebo. Regarding early PTB (ePTB), there was a 27% reduction in the risk of ePTB (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.92). However, after sensitivity analyses, there were no significant differences in PTB and ePTB risk (PTB RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.01, ePTB RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.09). We conclude that omega 3 supplementation during pregnancy does not reduce the risk of PTB and ePTB. More studies are required to determine the effect of omega 3 supplementations during pregnancy and the risk of detrimental fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Serra
- Hospital FF.AA Cirujano Guzmán, Punta Arenas 6212631, Chile;
| | - Reyna Peñailillo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproduction, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (R.P.); (L.J.M.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Lara J. Monteiro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproduction, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (R.P.); (L.J.M.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Max Monckeberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproduction, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (R.P.); (L.J.M.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Macarena Peña
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproduction, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (R.P.); (L.J.M.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Lía Moyano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproduction, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (R.P.); (L.J.M.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Camila Brunner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproduction, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (R.P.); (L.J.M.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Georgina Vega
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproduction, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (R.P.); (L.J.M.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sebastián E. Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproduction, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (R.P.); (L.J.M.); (M.M.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (C.B.); (G.V.)
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Sepidarkish M, Rezamand G, Qorbani M, Heydari H, Estêvão MD, Omran D, Morvaridzadeh M, Roffey DM, Farsi F, Ebrahimi S, Shokri F, Heshmati J. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on adipokines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7561-7575. [PMID: 33998914 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a large body of literature reported the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) consumption on adipokines levels, but recent findings from clinical trials are not univocal. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 FAs supplements on adipokines. METHODS We searched Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to August 2020 without any particular language limitations. Outcomes were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated from Hedge's g and random effects modeling. RESULTS Fifty-two trials involving 4,568 participants were included. Omega-3 FAs intake was associated with a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels (n = 43; 3,434 participants; SMD: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.37; p = 0.01; I2= 80.14%). This meta-analysis indicates that supplementing participants with omega-3 fatty acids more than 2000 mg daily and more than 10 weeks resulted in a significant and more favorable improvement in plasma adiponectin levels. However, omega-3 FAs intake had no significant effect on leptin levels (SMD: -0.02, 95% CI: -0.20, 0.17, I2= 54.13%). CONCLUSION The evidence supports a beneficial effect of omega-3 FAs intake on serum adiponectin levels but does not appear to impact on leptin concentrations. Larger well-designed RCTs are still required to evaluate the effect of omega-3 FAs on leptin in specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rezamand
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hafez Heydari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - M Dulce Estêvão
- Universidade do Algarve, Escola Superior de Saúde, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Dalia Omran
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Thabet hospital for Endemic diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Darren M Roffey
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Farnaz Farsi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Shokri
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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The impact of maternal obesity on childhood neurodevelopment. J Perinatol 2021; 41:928-939. [PMID: 33249428 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that maternal obesity increases children's susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Given the worldwide obesity epidemic, it is crucial that we acquire a thorough understanding of the available evidence, identify gaps in knowledge, and develop an agenda for intervention. This review synthesizes human and animal studies investigating the association between maternal obesity and offspring brain health. It also highlights key mechanisms underlying these effects, including maternal and fetal inflammation, alterations to the microbiome, epigenetic modifications of neurotrophic genes, and impaired dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling. Lastly, this review highlights several proposed interventions and priorities for future investigation.
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Ge Y, Li N, Fu Y, Yu X, Xiao Y, Tang Z, Xiao J, Wu JL, Jiang ZH. Deciphering superior quality of Pu-erh tea from thousands of years' old trees based on the chemical profile. Food Chem 2021; 358:129602. [PMID: 33962815 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pu-erh teas from thousands of years' old trees (TPT) equip with both superior flavors and powerful antioxidative capacities. With UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS approach, TPTs' chemical profiles were characterized by comparing with Pu-erh teas from ecological trees (EPT). TPTs are discovered to possess higher contents of amino acids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, nucleosides and nucleobases but lower contents of flavonoids and caffeine congeners based on 117 discriminative constituents from 305 identified ones. Particularly, a series of caffeic acid congeners including ten new hydroxycinnamic acid depsides with higher contents in TPTs are discovered, and caffeic acid with a fold change of 638 is the foremost discriminative component. Furthermore, distinguishing constituent proportion including caffeic acid congeners in TPTs are found to take great responsibilities for their more powerful antioxidative abilities and superior flavors especially more aroma and pleasant bitterness. This research provides information for deciphering formation of TPTs' superior qualities based on chemical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhiying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 999078, Macau Special Administrative Region.
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Monthé-Drèze C, Sen S, Hauguel-de Mouzon S, Catalano PM. Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Obesity on Newborn Body Composition, Growth and Length of Gestation: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020578. [PMID: 33572368 PMCID: PMC7916127 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity, a state of chronic low-grade metabolic inflammation, is a growing health burden associated with offspring adiposity, abnormal fetal growth and prematurity, which are all linked to adverse offspring cardiometabolic health. Higher intake of anti-inflammatory omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in pregnancy has been associated with lower adiposity, higher birthweight and longer gestation. However, the effects of n-3 supplementation specifically in pregnant women with overweight and obesity (OWOB) have not been explored. We conducted a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial of 72 pregnant women with first trimester body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 to explore preliminary efficacy of n-3 supplementation. Participants were randomized to daily DHA plus EPA (2 g/d) or placebo (wheat germ oil) from 10-16 weeks gestation to delivery. Neonatal body composition, fetal growth and length of gestation were assessed. For the 48 dyads with outcome data, median (IQR) maternal BMI was 30.2 (28.2, 35.4) kg/m2. In sex-adjusted analyses, n-3 supplementation was associated with higher neonatal fat-free mass (β: 218 g; 95% CI 49, 387) but not with % body fat or fat mass. Birthweight for gestational age z-score (-0.17 ± 0.67 vs. -0.61 ± 0.61 SD unit, p = 0.02) was higher, and gestation longer (40 (38.5, 40.1) vs. 39 (38, 39.4) weeks, p = 0.02), in the treatment vs. placebo group. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA in women with OWOB led to higher lean mass accrual at birth as well as improved fetal growth and longer gestation. Larger well-powered trials of n-3 PUFA supplementation specifically in pregnant women with OWOB should be conducted to confirm these findings and explore the long-term impact on offspring obesity and cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Monthé-Drèze
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-525-4139
| | - Sarbattama Sen
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Patrick M. Catalano
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
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41
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Amirani E, Asemi Z, Asbaghi O, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Mansournia MA, Hallajzadeh J, Moazzami B, Chaichian S. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on metabolic status in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1685-1699. [PMID: 33520859 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Data regarding the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation on metabolic status of pregnant women are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis were done based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) dealing with the effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on glycemic control, lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women. Methods Following databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to until 2019: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar. Studies that evaluated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on parameters of glycemic control, lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women were found by using the key MeSH. A study quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool and heterogeneity between studies was statistically computed using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2). Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Results No significant effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on FPG, insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and malondialdehyde were found. However, omega-3 PUFA significantly increased serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (WMD: 3.10; 95% CI: 0.18, 6.03) and reduced C-reactive protein (WMD: -1.85; 95% CI: -2.61, -1.09). Conclusion Based on the results of this meta-analysis omega-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy has a significant beneficial effect on HDL-cholesterol, and C-reactive protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kinshella MLW, Omar S, Scherbinsky K, Vidler M, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Moore SE, Elango R. Effects of Maternal Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Placental Complications: An Umbrella Review, Meta-Analysis and Evidence Map. Nutrients 2021; 13:472. [PMID: 33573262 PMCID: PMC7912620 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a vital, multi-functional organ that acts as an interface between maternal and fetal circulation during pregnancy. Nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy alter placental development and function, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, infants with small for gestational age and low birthweight, preterm birth, stillbirths and maternal mortality. Maternal nutritional supplementation may help to mitigate the risks, but the evidence base is difficult to navigate. The primary purpose of this umbrella review is to map the evidence on the effects of maternal nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on pregnancy outcomes related to placental disorders and maternal mortality. A systematic search was performed on seven electronic databases, the PROSPERO register and references lists of identified papers. The results were screened in a three-stage process based on title, abstract and full-text by two independent reviewers. Randomized controlled trial meta-analyses on the efficacy of maternal nutritional supplements or dietary interventions were included. There were 91 meta-analyses included, covering 23 types of supplements and three types of dietary interventions. We found evidence that supports supplementary vitamin D and/or calcium, omega-3, multiple micronutrients, lipid-based nutrients, and balanced protein energy in reducing the risks of adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. However, these findings are limited by poor quality of evidence. Nutrient combinations show promise and support a paradigm shift to maternal dietary balance, rather than single micronutrient deficiencies, to improve maternal and fetal health. The review is registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020160887).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada; (M.-L.W.K.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (L.A.M.); (P.v.D.)
| | - Shazmeen Omar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada; (M.-L.W.K.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (L.A.M.); (P.v.D.)
| | - Kerri Scherbinsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada; (M.-L.W.K.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (L.A.M.); (P.v.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Marianne Vidler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada; (M.-L.W.K.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (L.A.M.); (P.v.D.)
| | - Laura A. Magee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada; (M.-L.W.K.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (L.A.M.); (P.v.D.)
- Department of Women & Children’s Health, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Peter von Dadelszen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2K8, Canada; (M.-L.W.K.); (S.O.); (K.S.); (M.V.); (L.A.M.); (P.v.D.)
- Department of Women & Children’s Health, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Sophie E. Moore
- Department of Women & Children’s Health, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, P.O. Box 273 Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Division of Neonatology, BC Women’s Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
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Wallace MK, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, Hébert JR, Huston-Gordesky L, Alvarado F, Mouzon SHD, Catalano PM. Longitudinal Assessment of Relationships Between Health Behaviors and IL-6 in Overweight and Obese Pregnancy. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 23:481-487. [PMID: 33511855 DOI: 10.1177/1099800420985615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a common factor in adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Behavioral factors influence inflammatory markers and APOs but rarely have been investigated simultaneously in pregnancy. Our purpose was to determine how diet, physical activity, and obesity are associated with interleukin (IL)-6 in early and late pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of 49 overweight/obese pregnant women. Health behavior data, including diet quality using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®); physical activity (Leisure Time Physical Activity scale); body mass index (BMI); and plasma IL-6 concentrations were collected at 13-16 weeks (early pregnancy) and 34-36 weeks (late pregnancy) gestation. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the amount of variance explained in early and late pregnancy IL-6 concentrations by early and late pregnancy diet, physical activity, and BMI. RESULTS Early diet and early BMI were the strongest predictors of early IL-6 concentrations (R2 = 0.43; p < .001) and late IL-6 concentrations (R2 = 0.30; p < .001). Late BMI predicted late IL-6 (R2 = .11; p = .02). Change in diet over pregnancy predicted late IL-6 (R2 = 0.17; p = .03). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that maternal diet and BMI in early pregnancy, which likely reflects prepregnancy status, may have a greater impact on inflammatory processes than factors later in pregnancy. Future work should assess if behavioral factors before pregnancy produce similar relationships to those reported here, which may clarify the timing and type of lifestyle interventions to effectively reduce APOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie K Wallace
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 49112Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Connection Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 49112Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Connection Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
- College of Nursing, 49112University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 49112Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Connection Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Fernanda Alvarado
- Mother Infant Research Institute, 1867Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Patrick M Catalano
- 2559MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- 12304School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Yang W, Lee JH, Lee JW, Kim Y, Kim YS, You HS, Kang HT. Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Is Inversely Associated with Subclinical Inflammation in Healthy Elderly Men, Based on the 2015-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020338. [PMID: 33498799 PMCID: PMC7911968 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Subclinical inflammation as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases was clinically measured using C-reactive protein (CRP) level. (2) Methods: This study was cross-sectionally designed based the 2015–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The ratio of daily omega-3 fatty acids to energy intake (ω3FA ratio) was classified into four quartile groups (Q1, <0.3%; Q2, 0.3%–<0.6%; Q3, 0.6%–<1.0%; and Q4, ≥1.0% in both sexes). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the ω3FA ratio and subclinical inflammation defined as CRP levels ≥3 mg/dL. (3) Results: The ω3FA ratio in subjects without and with subclinical inflammation was 0.8% and 0.7% in men (p-value = 0.001), and 0.8% and 0.8% in women (p-value = 0.491), respectively. The prevalence of subclinical inflammation in males decreased with increasing quartile of ω3FA ratio (12.9%, 9.6%, 7.4%, and 7.7%, p-value = 0.033), while female prevalence was not significant among quartile groups. Compared to Q1, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for subclinical inflammation of Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.740 (0.465–1.177), 0.564 (0.341–0.930), and 0.549 (0.317–0.953) in males, and 1.066 (0.653–1.741), 1.105 (0.600–1.718), and 0.934 (0.556–1.571) in females after full adjustment. (4) Conclusion: The ω3FA ratio is associated with subclinical inflammation in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojung Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (W.Y.); (J.-w.L.); (Y.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Jae-woo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (W.Y.); (J.-w.L.); (Y.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (W.Y.); (J.-w.L.); (Y.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (W.Y.); (J.-w.L.); (Y.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Hyo-Sun You
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (W.Y.); (J.-w.L.); (Y.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (W.Y.); (J.-w.L.); (Y.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (H.-S.Y.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-269-6301
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Eastman AJ, Moore RE, Townsend SD, Gaddy JA, Aronoff DM. The Influence of Obesity and Associated Fatty Acids on Placental Inflammation. Clin Ther 2021; 43:265-278. [PMID: 33487441 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal obesity, affecting nearly 1 in 4 pregnancies, is associated with increased circulating saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate. These fatty acids are implicated in placental inflammation, which may in turn exacerbate both maternal-fetal tolerance and responses to pathogens, such as group B Streptococcus. In this review, we address the question, "How do obesity and associated fatty acids influence placental inflammation?" METHODS In this narrative review, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar using combinations of the key words placental inflammation or pregnancy and lipids, fatty acids, obesity, palmitate, or other closely related search terms. We also used references found within these articles that may have been absent from our original search queries. We analyzed methods and key results of these articles to compare and contrast their findings, which were occasionally at odds with each other. FINDINGS Although obesity can be studied as a whole, complex phenomena with in vivo mouse models and human samples from patients with obesity, in vitro modeling often relies on the treatment of cells or tissues with ≥1 fatty acids and occasionally other compounds (eg, glucose and insulin). We found that palmitate, most commonly used in vitro to recreate hallmarks of obesity, induces apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy defects, and inflammasome activation in many placental cell types. We compare this to in vivo models of obesity wherever possible. We found that obesity as a whole may have more complex regulation of these phenomena (apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy defects, and inflammasome activation) compared with in vitro models of fatty acid treatment (primarily palmitate) because of the presence of unsaturated fatty acids (ie, oleate), which may have anti-inflammatory effects. IMPLICATIONS The interaction of unsaturated fatty acids with saturated fatty acids may ameliorate many inflammatory effects of saturated fatty acids alone, which complicates interpretation of in vitro studies that focus on a particular fatty acid in isolation. This complication may explain why certain studies of obesity in vivo have differing outcomes from studies of specific fatty acids in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Eastman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca E Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Izar MCDO, Lottenberg AM, Giraldez VZR, Santos Filho RDD, Machado RM, Bertolami A, Assad MHV, Saraiva JFK, Faludi AA, Moreira ASB, Geloneze B, Magnoni CD, Scherr C, Amaral CK, Araújo DBD, Cintra DEC, Nakandakare ER, Fonseca FAH, Mota ICP, Santos JED, Kato JT, Beda LMM, Vieira LP, Bertolami MC, Rogero MM, Lavrador MSF, Nakasato M, Damasceno NRT, Alves RJ, Lara RS, Costa RP, Machado VA. Position Statement on Fat Consumption and Cardiovascular Health - 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:160-212. [PMID: 33566983 PMCID: PMC8159504 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20201340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha Giraldez
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Raul Dias Dos Santos Filho
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Adriana Bertolami
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - André Arpad Faludi
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Bruno Geloneze
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lis Mie Misuzawa Beda
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Miyoko Nakasato
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Renato Jorge Alves
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Soares Lara
- Núcleo de Alimentação e Nutrição da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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Rasool A, Alvarado-Flores F, O'Tierney-Ginn P. Placental Impact of Dietary Supplements: More Than Micronutrients. Clin Ther 2020; 43:226-245. [PMID: 33358257 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal nutrition is a key modifier of fetal growth and development. However, many maternal diets in the United States do not meet nutritional recommendations. Dietary supplementation is therefore necessary to meet nutritional goals. The effects of many supplements on placental development and function are poorly understood. In this review, we address the therapeutic potential of maternal dietary supplementation on placental development and function in both healthy and complicated pregnancies. METHODS This is a narrative review of original research articles published between February 1970 and July 2020 on dietary supplements consumed during pregnancy and placental outcomes (including nutrient uptake, metabolism and delivery, as well as growth and efficiency). Impacts of placental changes on fetal outcomes were also reviewed. Both human and animal studies were included. FINDINGS We found evidence of a potential therapeutic benefit of several supplements on maternal and fetal outcomes via their placental impacts. Our review supports a role for probiotics as a placental therapeutic, with effects that include improved inflammation and lipid metabolism, which may prevent preterm birth and poor placental efficiency. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (as found in fish oil) during pregnancy tempers the negative effects of maternal obesity but may have little placental impact in healthy lean women. The beneficial effects of choline supplementation on maternal health and fetal growth are largely attributable to its placental impacts. l-arginine supplementation has a potent provascularization effect on the placenta, which may underlie its fetal growth-promoting properties. IMPLICATIONS The placenta is exquisitely sensitive to dietary supplements. Pregnant women should consult their health care practitioner before continuing or initiating use of a dietary supplement. Because little is known about impacts of many supplements on placental and long-term offspring health, more research is required before robust clinical recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Rasool
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Houttu N, Mokkala K, Koivuniemi E, Pellonperä O, Juhila J, Sorsa T, Laitinen K. The Impacts of Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention on Low-Grade Inflammation, IGFBP-1 and MMP-8 in Pregnancy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010005. [PMID: 33375174 PMCID: PMC7822218 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the impact of fish oil and/or probiotics on serum and vaginal inflammatory and metabolic proteins and their relation to the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Overweight/obese pregnant women received fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics or placebo + placebo from early pregnancy until six months postpartum (fish oil: 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid; probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum/vaginal (s/v) phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-1 (phIGFBP-1), IGFBP-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) were analyzed. GDM was diagnosed according to 2 h 75 g OGTT. Results: The intervention had no impact on the change in proteins during pregnancy. Nevertheless, s-MMP-8 decreased and s-IGFBP-1 increased more in obese than in overweight women in the fish oil + probiotics group, while a decrease in s-MMP-8 was seen in obese women and an increase was seen in overweight women in the probiotics + placebo group. The late pregnancy s-phIGFBP-1 was higher in women who developed GDM in fish oil + probiotics-group compared to fish oil + placebo-group. The concentrations of s-phIGFBP-1 (635.9 ± 315.3 ng/mL vs. 753.2 ± 335.1 ng/mL, p = 0.005) and s-IGFBP-1 (3.78 ± 0.72 ng/mL vs. 3.96 ± 0.69 ng/mL, p = 0.042) were lower in early pregnancy in women who developed GDM than in women remaining healthy. Conclusions: The intervention per se had no impact on the proteins, but obesity and GDM may modify the effect. IGFBPs may affect the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.); (E.K.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kati Mokkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.); (E.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Ella Koivuniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.); (E.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Outi Pellonperä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | | | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.); (E.K.); (K.L.)
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Satokar VV, Cutfield WS, Derraik JGB, Harwood M, Okasene-Gafa K, Beck K, Cameron-Smith D, O'Sullivan JM, Sundborn G, Pundir S, Mason RP, Albert BB. Double-blind RCT of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy and lactation to improve the metabolic health in children of mothers with overweight or obesity during pregnancy: study protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041015. [PMID: 33323442 PMCID: PMC7745511 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse changes in body composition and metabolism in the offspring. We hypothesise that supplementation during pregnancy of overweight and obese women may help prevent the development of greater adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in children. Previous clinical trials investigating fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on metabolic outcomes and body composition of the children have not focused on the pregnancies of overweight or obese women. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A double-blind randomised controlled trial of fish oil (providing 3 g/day of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) versus an equal volume of olive oil (control) taken daily from recruitment until birth, and in breastfeeding mothers, further continued for 3 months post partum. Eligible women will have a singleton pregnancy at 12-20 weeks' gestation and be aged 18-40 years with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 at baseline. We aim to recruit a minimum of 128 participants to be randomised 1:1. Clinical assessments will be performed at baseline and 30 weeks of pregnancy, including anthropometric measurements, fasting metabolic markers, measures of anxiety, physical activity, quality of life and dietary intake. Subsequent assessments will be performed when the infant is 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months of age for anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) and blood sampling. The primary outcome of the study is a between-group difference in infant percentage body fatness, assessed by DXA, at 2 weeks of age. Secondary outcomes will include differences in anthropometric measures at each time point, percentage body fat at 3 and 12 months and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance at 3 months. Statistical analysis will be carried out on the principle of intention to treat. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial was approved by the Northern A Health and Disabilities Ethics Committee, New Zealand Ministry of Health (17/NTA/154). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12617001078347p; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidit V Satokar
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José G B Derraik
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matire Harwood
- National Hauora Coalition, Auckland, New Zealand
- Te Kupenga Hauora Māori Teaching, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karaponi Okasene-Gafa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn Beck
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Gerhard Sundborn
- Department of Pacific Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Preston Mason
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin B Albert
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Godhamgaonkar AA, Wadhwani NS, Joshi SR. Exploring the role of LC-PUFA metabolism in pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 163:102203. [PMID: 33227645 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays a significant role in growth and development of the placenta and influencing pregnancy outcome. Suboptimal nutritional status during early gestational period compromises the normal course of pregnancy leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Omega-3 and omega-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are important for the growth and development of the placenta. Maternal fatty acids and their metabolites influence the normal course of pregnancy by regulating cell growth and development, cell signaling, regulate angiogenesis, modulate inflammatory responses and influence various structural and functional processes. Alterations in LC-PUFA and their metabolites may result in inadequate spiral artery remodeling or placental angiogenesis leading to structural and functional deficiency of the placenta which contributes to several pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth restriction, and results in adverse birth outcomes. In this review, we summarize studies examining the role of fatty acids and their metabolites in pregnancy. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms through which LC-PUFA influences placental growth and development. Studies have demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation lowers the incidence of preterm births, but its effect on reducing pregnancy complications are inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi A Godhamgaonkar
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Nisha S Wadhwani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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