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Zhang K, Yang N, Teng D, Mao R, Hao Y, Wang J. Expression and characterization of the new antimicrobial peptide AP138L-arg26 anti Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:111. [PMID: 38229298 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The low activity and yield of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are pressing problems. The improvement of activity and yield through modification and heterologous expression, a potential way to solve the problem, is a research hot-pot. In this work, a new plectasin-derived variant L-type AP138 (AP138L-arg26) was constructed for the study of recombination expression and druggablity. As a result, the total protein concentration of AP138L-arg26 was 3.1 mg/mL in Pichia pastoris X-33 supernatant after 5 days of induction expression in a 5-L fermenter. The recombinant peptide AP138L-arg26 has potential antibacterial activity against selected standard and clinical Gram-positive bacteria (G+, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 2-16 µg/mL) and high stability under different conditions (temperature, pH, ion concentration) and 2 × MIC of AP138L-arg26 could rapidly kill Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (> 99.99%) within 1.5 h. It showed a high safety in vivo and in vivo and a long post-antibiotic effect (PAE, 1.91 h) compared with vancomycin (1.2 h). Furthermore, the bactericidal mechanism was revealed from two dimensions related to its disruption of the cell membrane resulting in intracellular potassium leakage (2.5-fold higher than control), and an increase in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and further intervening metabolism in S. aureus. These results indicate that AP138L-arg26 as a new peptide candidate could be used for more in-depth development in the future. KEY POINTS: • The AP138L-arg26 was expressed in the P. pastoris expression system with high yield • The AP138 L-arg26 showed high stability and safety in vitro and in vivo • The AP138L-arg26 killed S. aureus by affecting cell membranes and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Narh JK, Casillas-Vega NG, Zarate X. LL-37_Renalexin hybrid peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity at lower MICs than its counterpart single peptides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:126. [PMID: 38229302 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
An alarming global public health and economic peril has been the emergence of antibiotic resistance resulting from clinically relevant bacteria pathogens, including Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species constantly exhibiting intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms against last-resort antibiotics like gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, colistin, and standard ampicillin prescription in clinical practices. The discovery and applications of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with antibacterial properties have been considered and proven as alternative antimicrobial agents to antibiotics. In this study, we have designed, produced, and purified a recombinant novel multifunctional hybrid antimicrobial peptide LL-37_Renalexin for the first time via the application of newly designed flexible GS peptide linker coupled with the use of our previously characterized small metal-binding proteins SmbP and CusF3H+ as carrier proteins that allow for an enhanced bacterial expression, using BL21(DE3) and SHuffle T7(DE3) Escherichia coli strains, and purification of the hybrid peptide via immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The purified tag-free LL-37_Renalexin hybrid peptide exhibited above 85% reduction in bacteria colony-forming units and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria clinical isolates at a lower minimum inhibition concentration level (10-33 μM) as compared to its counterpart single-AMPs LL-37 and Renalexin (50-100 μM). KEY POINTS: • The hybrid antimicrobial peptide LL-37_Renalexin has been designed using a GS linker. • The peptide was expressed with the carrier proteins SmbP and CusF3H+. • The hybrid peptide shows antibacterial potency against clinical bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Kwesi Narh
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Avenida Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Nestor G Casillas-Vega
- Departamento de Patologia Clinica, Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, 64460, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Xristo Zarate
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Avenida Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455, San Nicolas de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
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3
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Zhang X, Chen Y, Liu M, Long X, Guo C. Intervention strategies targeting virus and host factors against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135403. [PMID: 39245101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes considerable economic losses to the global swine industry every year and seriously hinders the healthy development of this industry. Although tremendous efforts have been made over the past 30 years toward the development of prevention and control strategies against PRRSV infection, to date, treatments with proven efficacy have yet to be available due to our incomplete understanding of the molecular basis and complexity of the infection machinery. This review systematically discusses recent advances in the research and development of anti-PRRSV therapies targeting different stages of the viral life cycle. Furthermore, this review puts forward novel intervention targets and research approaches based on our in-depth exploration of virus-host interactions and the latest biological technologies, which have the potential to complement or transform current anti-PRRSV strategies and become breakthrough points for the control of PRRS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Long
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chunhe Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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4
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Alfaifi AA, Wang TW, Perez P, Sultan AS, Meiller TF, Rock P, Kleiner DE, Chertow DS, Hewitt SM, Gasmi B, Stein S, Ramelli S, Martin D, Warner BM, Jabra-Rizk MA. SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Salivary Glands Compromises Oral Antifungal Innate Immunity and Predisposes to Oral Candidiasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593942. [PMID: 38798323 PMCID: PMC11118411 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Saliva contains antimicrobial peptides considered integral components of host innate immunity, and crucial for protection against colonizing microbial species. Most notable is histatin-5 which is exclusively produced in salivary glands with uniquely potent antifungal activity against the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 was shown to replicate in salivary gland acinar cells eliciting local immune cell activation. In this study, we performed mechanistic and clinical studies to investigate the implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection on salivary histatin-5 production and Candida colonization. Bulk RNA-sequencing of parotid salivary glands from COVID-19 autopsies demonstrated statistically significant decreased expression of histatin genes. In situ hybridization, coupled with immunofluorescence for co-localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike and histatin in salivary gland cells, showed that histatin was absent or minimally present in acinar cells with replicating viruses. To investigate the clinical implications of these findings, salivary histatin-5 levels and oral Candida burden in saliva samples from three independent cohorts of mild and severe COVID-19 patients and matched healthy controls were evaluated. Results revealed significantly reduced histatin-5 in SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects, concomitant with enhanced prevalence of C. albicans. Analysis of prospectively recovered samples indicated that the decrease in histatin-5 is likely reversible in mild-moderate disease as concentrations tended to increase during the post-acute phase. Importantly, salivary cytokine profiling demonstrated correlations between activation of the Th17 inflammatory pathway, changes in histatin-5 concentrations, and subsequent clearance of C. albicans in a heavily colonized subject. The importance of salivary histatin-5 in controlling the proliferation of C. albicans was demonstrated using an ex vivo assay where C. albicans was able to proliferate in COVID-19 saliva with low histatin-5, but not with high histatin-5. Taken together, the findings from this study provide direct evidence implicating SARS-CoV-2 infection of salivary glands with compromised oral innate immunity, and potential predisposition to oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A. Alfaifi
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tristan W. Wang
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paola Perez
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy F. Meiller
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Rock
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Billel Gasmi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sydney Stein
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Ramelli
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Blake M. Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Yu YM, Lu YP, Zhang T, Zheng YF, Liu YS, Xia DD. Biomaterials science and surface engineering strategies for dental peri-implantitis management. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:29. [PMID: 38741175 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption, ultimately resulting in implant failure. Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial properties, and bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the dental implants are major causes of peri-implantitis. Treatment strategies such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy have been used to remove dental plaque. However, it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis rather than treatment. Therefore, the current research spot has focused on improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants, such as the construction of specific micro-nano surface texture, the introduction of diverse functional coatings, or the application of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties. The aforementioned antibacterial surfaces can be incorporated with bioactive molecules, metallic nanoparticles, or other functional components to further enhance the osteogenic properties and accelerate the healing process. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in biomaterial science and the modification strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration. Furthermore, we summarized the obstacles existing in the process of laboratory research to reach the clinic products, and propose corresponding directions for future developments and research perspectives, so that to provide insights into the rational design and construction of dental implants with the aim to balance antibacterial efficacy, biological safety, and osteogenic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Meng Yu
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu-Pu Lu
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yun-Song Liu
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Xia
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China.
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6
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Mulukutla A, Shreshtha R, Kumar Deb V, Chatterjee P, Jain U, Chauhan N. Recent advances in antimicrobial peptide-based therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107151. [PMID: 38359706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of polypeptide chains that have the property to target and kill a myriad of microbial organisms including viruses, bacteria, protists, etc. The first discovered AMP was named gramicidin, an extract of aerobic soil bacteria. Further studies discovered that these peptides are present not only in prokaryotes but in eukaryotes as well. They play a vital role in human innate immunity and wound repair. Consequently, they have maintained a high level of intrigue among scientists in the field of immunology, especially so with the rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens decreasing the reliability of antibiotics in healthcare. While AMPs have promising potential to substitute for common antibiotics, their use as effective replacements is barred by certain limitations. First, they have the potential to be cytotoxic to human cells. Second, they are unstable in the blood due to action by various proteolytic agents and ions that cause their degradation. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of AMPs, their limitations, and developments in recent years that provide techniques to overcome those limitations. We also discuss the advantages and drawbacks of AMPs as a replacement for antibiotics as compared to other alternatives such as synthetically modified bacteriophages, traditional medicine, and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Mulukutla
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Romi Shreshtha
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Deb
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pallabi Chatterjee
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Chauhan
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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7
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Medvedeva A, Teimouri H, Kolomeisky AB. Differences in Relevant Physicochemical Properties Correlate with Synergistic Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1407-1417. [PMID: 38306612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
With the urgent need for new medical approaches due to increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as potential treatments for infections. Experiments indicate that combinations of several types of AMPs might be even more effective at inhibiting bacterial growth with reduced toxicity and a lower likelihood of inducing bacterial resistance. The molecular mechanisms of AMP-AMP synergistic antimicrobial activity, however, remain not well understood. Here, we present a theoretical approach that allows us to relate the physicochemical properties of AMPs and their antimicrobial cooperativity. It utilizes correlation and bioinformatics analysis. A concept of physicochemical similarity is introduced, and it is found that less similar AMPs with respect to certain physicochemical properties lead to greater synergy because of their complementary antibacterial actions. The analysis of correlations between the similarity and the antimicrobial properties allows us to effectively separate synergistic from nonsynergistic AMP pairs. Our theoretical approach can be used for the rational design of more effective AMP combinations for specific bacterial targets, for clarifying the mechanisms of bacterial elimination, and for a better understanding of cooperativity phenomena in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Medvedeva
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hamid Teimouri
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Anatoly B Kolomeisky
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Almeida LHDO, Ramalho SR, Almeida CV, Gutierrez CDO, Sardi JDCO, Miranda AD, Oliveira RAD, Rezende SBD, Crusca E, Franco OL, Oliveira CFRD, Cardoso MH, Macedo MLR. A potent candicidal peptide designed based on an encrypted peptide from a proteinase inhibitor. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130583. [PMID: 38360076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) represent an alternative in the treatment of fungal infections associated with countless deaths. Here, we report a new AMP, named KWI-19, which was designed based on a peptide encrypted in the sequence of an Inga laurina Kunitz-type inhibitor (ILTI). KWI-19 inhibited the growth of Candida species and acted as a fungicidal agent from 2.5 to 20 μmol L-1, also showing synergistic activity with amphotericin B. Kinetic assays showed that KWI-19 killed Candida tropicalis cells within 60 min. We also report the membrane-associated mechanisms of action of KWI-19 and its interaction with ergosterol. KWI-19 was also characterized as a potent antibiofilm peptide, with activity against C. tropicalis. Finally, non-toxicity was reported against Galleria mellonella larvae, thus strengthening the interest in all the bioactivities mentioned above. This study extends our knowledge on how AMPs can be engineered from peptides encrypted in larger proteins and their potential as candicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Henrique de Oliveira Almeida
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, FACFAN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Suellen Rodrigues Ramalho
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, FACFAN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Vilharroel Almeida
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, FACFAN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Gutierrez
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, FACFAN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Janaína de Cassia Orlandi Sardi
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, FACFAN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Antonio de Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, FACFAN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Samilla Beatriz de Rezende
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, MS, Brazil
| | - Edson Crusca
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica e Química Tecnológica, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, FACFAN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, FACFAN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, FACFAN, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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9
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Hong JS, Shamim A, Atta H, Nonnecke EB, Merl S, Patwardhan S, Manell E, Gunes E, Jordache P, Chen B, Lu W, Shen B, Dionigi B, Kiran RP, Sykes M, Zorn E, Bevins CL, Weiner J. Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antimicrobial peptides in human intestinal lumen. J Immunol Methods 2024; 525:113599. [PMID: 38081407 PMCID: PMC10956375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal transplantation is the definitive treatment for intestinal failure. However, tissue rejection and graft-versus-host disease are relatively common complications, necessitating aggressive immunosuppression that can itself pose further complications. Tracking intraluminal markers in ileal effluent from standard ileostomies may present a noninvasive and sensitive way to detect developing pathology within the intestinal graft. This would be an improvement compared to current assessments, which are limited by poor sensitivity and specificity, contributing to under or over-immunosuppression, respectively, and by the need for invasive biopsies. Herein, we report an approach to reproducibly analyze ileal fluid obtained through stoma sampling for antimicrobial peptide/protein concentrations, reasoning that these molecules may provide an assessment of intestinal homeostasis and levels of intestinal inflammation over time. Concentrations of lysozyme (LYZ), myeloperoxidase (MPO), calprotectin (S100A8/A9) and β-defensin 2 (DEFB2) were assessed using adaptations of commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The concentration of α-defensin 5 (DEFA5) was assessed using a newly developed sandwich ELISA. Our data support that with proper preparation of ileal effluent specimens, precise and replicable determination of antimicrobial peptide/protein concentrations can be achieved for each of these target molecules via ELISA. This approach may prove to be reliable as a clinically useful assessment of intestinal homeostasis over time for patients with ileostomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Hong
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Abrar Shamim
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hussein Atta
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Eric B Nonnecke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Merl
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Satyajit Patwardhan
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elin Manell
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Esad Gunes
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Philip Jordache
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bryan Chen
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Beatrice Dionigi
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ravi P Kiran
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel Zorn
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Charles L Bevins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Joshua Weiner
- Columbia Center of Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
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10
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Mildenberger V, Alpízar-Pedraza D, Martell-Huguet EM, Krämer M, Bolotnikov G, Otero-Gonzalez AJ, Weil T, Rodriguez-Alfonso A, Preising N, Ständker L, Vogel V, Spellerberg B, Kissmann AK, Rosenau F. The Designed Pore-Forming Antimicrobial Peptide C14R Combines Excellent Activity against the Major Opportunistic Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Low Cytotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:83. [PMID: 38256916 PMCID: PMC10820675 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The diminishing portfolio of mankind's available antibiotics urges science to develop novel potent drugs. Here, we present a peptide fitting the typical blueprint of amphipathic and membrane-active antimicrobial peptides, denominated C14R. This 2 kDa peptide consists of 16 amino acid residues, with seven being either hydrophobic, aromatic, or non-polar, and nine being polar or positively charged, strictly separated on opposite sides of the predicted α-helix. The affinity of the peptide C14R to P. aeruginosa membranes and its intrinsic tendency to productively insert into membranes of such composition were analyzed by dynamic simulations. Its biological impact on the viability of two different P. aeruginosa reference strains was demonstrated by determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), which were found to be in the range of 10-15 µg/mL. C14R's pore-forming capability was verified in a permeabilization assay based on the peptide-triggered uptake of fluorescent dyes into the bacterial cells. Finally, the peptide was used in radial diffusion assays, which are commonly used for susceptibility testing of antimicrobial peptides in clinical microbiology. In comparison to reference strains, six clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were clearly affected, thereby paving the way for further in-depth analyses of C14R as a promising new AMP drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mildenberger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.M.); (M.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Daniel Alpízar-Pedraza
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (CIDEM), 26th Avenue, No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, La Habana 10400, Cuba;
| | - Ernesto M. Martell-Huguet
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 and I, La Habana 10400, Cuba; (E.M.M.-H.); (A.J.O.-G.)
| | - Markus Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.M.); (M.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Grigory Bolotnikov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.M.); (M.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Anselmo J. Otero-Gonzalez
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 and I, La Habana 10400, Cuba; (E.M.M.-H.); (A.J.O.-G.)
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Armando Rodriguez-Alfonso
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics (CFP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.R.-A.); (N.P.); (L.S.)
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nico Preising
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics (CFP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.R.-A.); (N.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics (CFP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.R.-A.); (N.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Verena Vogel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, TBC1 Forschung, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany (B.S.)
| | - Barbara Spellerberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Ulm, TBC1 Forschung, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany (B.S.)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kissmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.M.); (M.K.); (G.B.)
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.M.); (M.K.); (G.B.)
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11
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Mizaeva T, Alieva K, Zulkarneev E, Kurpe S, Isakova K, Matrosova S, Borvinskaya E, Sukhovskaya I. Antibacterial Activity of Rainbow Trout Plasma: In Vitro Assays and Proteomic Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3565. [PMID: 38003182 PMCID: PMC10668809 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the bactericidal activity of blood plasma from cultured rainbow trout obtained from two different fish farms. Plasma from trout naturally infected with the bacterial pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum was found to inhibit the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila in vitro. Incubation of A. hydrophila in bacteriostatic trout plasma resulted in agglutination and growth retardation, without causing massive damage to the cell membrane. The proteome of the plasma with high antimicrobial activity revealed an abundance of high-density apolipoproteins, some isoforms of immunoglobulins, complement components C1q and C4, coagulation factors, lectins, periostin, and hemoglobin. Analysis of trout proteins retained on A. hydrophila cells revealed the presence of fish immunoglobulins, lectins, and complement components on bacteria whose growth was inhibited, although the native membrane attack complex of immunised trout plasma did not assemble effectively, resulting in a weak bactericidal effect. Furthermore, this study examined the bacterial response to trout plasma and suggested that the protein synthesis pathway was the target of antimicrobial proteins from fish blood. Taken together, these findings illustrate the advantages of the affinity approach for understanding the role of plasma proteins in host defence against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toita Mizaeva
- G. N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia; (T.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Kalimat Alieva
- G. N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia; (T.M.); (K.A.)
| | - Eldar Zulkarneev
- Plague Control Center, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Stanislav Kurpe
- Institute of Biochemistry after H.Buniatyan National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Kseniya Isakova
- Northern Water Problems Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 185000 Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Matrosova
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University, 185000 Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia;
| | | | - Irina Sukhovskaya
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University, 185000 Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia;
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 185000 Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, Russia
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12
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Agrillo B, Porritiello A, Gratino L, Balestrieri M, Proroga YT, Mancusi A, Cozzi L, Vicenza T, Dardano P, Miranda B, Escribá PV, Gogliettino M, Palmieri G. Antimicrobial activity, membrane interaction and structural features of short arginine-rich antimicrobial peptides. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1244325. [PMID: 37869668 PMCID: PMC10585156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1244325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial activity of many AMPs can be improved by lysine-to-arginine substitution due to a more favourable interaction of arginine guanidinium moiety with bacterial membranes. In a previous work, the structural and functional characterization of an amphipathic antimicrobial peptide named RiLK1, including lysine and arginine as the positively charged amino acids in its sequence, was reported. Specifically, RiLK1 retained its β-sheet structure under a wide range of environmental conditions (temperature, pH, and ionic strength), and exhibited bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal pathogens with no evidence of toxicity on mammalian cells. To further elucidate the influence of a lysine-to-arginine replacement on RiLK1 conformational properties, antimicrobial activity and peptide-liposome interaction, a new RiLK1-derivative, named RiLK3, in which the lysine is replaced with an arginine residue, was projected and characterised in comparison with its parental compound. The results evidenced that lysine-to-arginine mutation not only did not assure an improvement in the antimicrobial potency of RiLK1 in terms of bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal activities, but rather it was completely abolished against the hepatitis A virus. Therefore, RiLK1 exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activity like other cationic peptides, although the exact mechanisms of action are not completely understood. Moreover, tryptophan fluorescence measurements confirmed that RiLK3 bound to negatively charged lipid vesicles with an affinity lower than that of RiLK1, although no substantial differences from the structural and self-assembled point of view were evidenced. Therefore, our findings imply that antimicrobial efficacy and selectivity are affected by several complex and interrelated factors related to substitution of lysine with arginine, such as their relative proportion and position. In this context, this study could provide a better rationalisation for the optimization of antimicrobial peptide sequences, paving the way for the development of novel AMPs with broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Porritiello
- National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorena Gratino
- National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Balestrieri
- National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Yolande Therese Proroga
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancusi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Loredana Cozzi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Vicenza
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Principia Dardano
- National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Miranda
- National Research Council (ISASI-CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pablo V. Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Laminar Pharmaceuticals, Palma, Spain
| | - Marta Gogliettino
- National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianna Palmieri
- National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
- Materias S.R.L., Naples, Italy
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13
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Kumari A, Singh M, Sharma R, Kumar T, Jindal N, Maan S, Joshi VG. Apoptin NLS2 homodimerization strategy for improved antibacterial activity and bio-stability. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1405-1416. [PMID: 37725185 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance prompts exploration of viable antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) designs. The present study explores the antimicrobial prospects of Apoptin nuclear localization sequence (NLS2)-derived peptide ANLP (PRPRTAKRRIRL). Further, we examined the utility of the NLS dimerization strategy for improvement in antimicrobial activity and sustained bio-stability of AMPs. Initially, the antimicrobial potential of ANLP using antimicrobial peptide databases was analyzed. Then, ANLP along with its two homodimer variants namely ANLP-K1 and ANLP-K2 were synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Among three AMPs, ANLP-K2 showed efficient antibacterial activity with 12 µM minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Slow degradation of ANLP-K1 (26.48%) and ANLP-K2 (13.21%) compared with linear ANLP (52.33%) at 480 min in serum stability assay indicates improved bio-stability of dimeric peptides. The AMPs presented no cytotoxicity in Vero cells. Dye penetration assays confirmed the membrane interacting nature of AMPs. The zeta potential analysis reveals effective charge neutralization of both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial cells by dimeric AMPs. The dimeric AMPs on scanning electron microscopy studies showed multiple pore formations on the bacterial surface. Collectively, proposed Lysine scaffold dimerization of Apoptin NLS2 strategy resulted in enhancing antibacterial activity, bio-stability, and could be effective in neutralizing the off-target effect of LPS. In conclusion, these results suggest that nuclear localization sequence with a modified dimeric approach could represent a rich source of template for designing future antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kumari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Mahavir Singh
- College Central Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Naresh Jindal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
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14
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Kim EY, Kumar SD, Bang JK, Ajish C, Yang S, Ganbaatar B, Kim J, Lee CW, Cho SJ, Shin SY. Evaluation of deoxythymidine-based cationic amphiphiles as antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106909. [PMID: 37419291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We recently designed a series of cationic deoxythymidine-based amphiphiles that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Among these amphiphiles, ADG-2e and ADL-3e displayed the highest selectivity against bacterial cells. In this study, ADG-2e and ADL-3e were evaluated for their potential as novel classes of antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents. METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ADG-2e and ADL-3e against bacteria were determined using the broth microdilution method. Proteolytic resistance against pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and proteinase K was determined by radial diffusion and HPLC analysis. Biofilm activity was investigated using the broth microdilution and confocal microscopy. The antimicrobial mechanism was investigated by membrane depolarization, cell membrane integrity analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), genomic DNA influence and genomic DNA binding assay. Synergistic activity was evaluated using checkerboard method. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using ELISA and RT-PCR. RESULTS ADG-2e and ADL-3e showed good resistance to physiological salts and human serum, and a low incidence of drug resistance. Moreover, they exhibit proteolytic resistance against pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and proteinase K. ADG-2e and ADL-3e were found to kill bacteria by an intracellular target mechanism and bacterial cell membrane-disrupting mechanism, respectively. Furthermore, ADG-2e and ADL-3e showed effective synergistic effects when combined with several conventional antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Importantly, ADG-2e and ADL-3e not only suppressed MDRPA biofilm formation but also effectively eradicated mature MDRPA biofilms. Furthermore, ADG-2e and ADL-3e drastically decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression and protein secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, implying potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced inflammation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ADG-2e and ADL-3e could be further developed as novel antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Golshani S, Vatanara A, Balalaie S, Kadkhoda Z, Abdollahi M, Amin M. Development of a Novel Histatin-5 Mucoadhesive Gel for the Treatment of Oral Mucositis: In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:177. [PMID: 37639072 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have appeared to be promising candidates for therapeutic purposes due to their broad antimicrobial activity and non-toxicity. Histatin-5 (Hst-5) is a notable salivary antimicrobial peptide that exhibited therapeutic properties in the oral cavity. Oral mucositis is an acute inflammation of the oral cavity, following cancer therapy. The current treatment methods of oral mucositis have low effectiveness. The aim of this study was to design, formulate and characterize a mucoadhesive gel delivery system for Hst-5 usage in the treatment of oral mucositis. Carbopol 934 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) have been used in the development of a Hst-5 mucoadhesive gel that was optimized by using Box-Behnken design. The optimized formulation was evaluated in-vitro, based on mucoadhesive strength, viscoelasticity, spreadability, release rate, peptide secondary structure analysis, antimicrobial activity, and storage stability. The efficacy of Hst-5 gel was assessed in vivo in a chemotherapy-induced mucositis model. The results showed a sustained release of Hst-5 from the new formulation. Hst-5 gel exerted antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The histopathological, immunohistochemical and statistical analysis showed that the Hst-5 gel had wound healing activity in vivo. The findings of this study indicate that the mentioned compound possesses promising potential as a novel and efficient therapeutic agent in managing oral mucositis. Moreover, the results suggest that the compound is commercially feasible for further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Golshani
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Vatanara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Kadkhoda
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Chen C, Wang P, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang H, Cao Y, Wang X, Zeng Q. Exploring the Pathogenesis and Mechanism-Targeted Treatments of Rosacea: Previous Understanding and Updates. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2153. [PMID: 37626650 PMCID: PMC10452301 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent erythema, flushing, telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and phymatous changes in the central area of the face. Patients with this condition often experience a significant negative impact on their quality of life, self-esteem, and overall well-being. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis of rosacea is not yet fully understood. Recent research advances are reshaping our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of rosacea, and treatment options based on the pathophysiological perspective hold promise to improve patient outcomes and reduce incidence. In this comprehensive review, we investigate the pathogenesis of rosacea in depth, with a focus on emerging and novel mechanisms, and provide an up-to-date overview of therapeutic strategies that target the diverse pathogenic mechanisms of rosacea. Lastly, we discuss potential future research directions aimed at enhancing our understanding of the condition and developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China
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17
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Lyu Z, Yang P, Lei J, Zhao J. Biological Function of Antimicrobial Peptides on Suppressing Pathogens and Improving Host Immunity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1037. [PMID: 37370356 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant genes and concerns about food safety caused by the overuse of antibiotics are becoming increasingly prominent. There is an urgent need for effective alternatives to antibiotics in the fields of livestock production and human medicine. Antimicrobial peptides can effectively replace antibiotics to kill pathogens and enhance the immune functions of the host, and pathogens cannot easily produce genes that are resistant to them. The ability of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to kill pathogens is associated with their structure and physicochemical properties, such as their conformation, electrical charges, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity. AMPs regulate the activity of immunological cells and stimulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines via the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. However, there are still some limitations to the application of AMPs in the fields of livestock production and human medicine, including a restricted source base, high costs of purification and expression, and the instability of the intestines of animals and humans. This review summarizes the information on AMPs as effective antibiotic substitutes to improve the immunological functions of the host through suppressing pathogens and regulating inflammatory responses. Potential challenges for the commercial application of AMPs in animal husbandry and human medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Lyu
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Lei
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
- Qingyuan Haibei BIO-TECH Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511853, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Matsuda E, Takada K, Kobayashi O, Nakajima T, Ikeda Y, Asai-Sato M, Kawakami K, Komatsu A, Chishima F, Komine-Aizawa S, Hayakawa S, Kawana K. Pathological roles of antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory factors secreted from the cervical epithelium in Gardnerella vaginalis-abundant vaginal flora in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103797. [PMID: 36645984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis due to Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) is one of the main causes of preterm birth. Antimicrobial function of the cervical glands prevents ascending pathogen infection. This study investigated the effect of GV on the cervical gland cells. We examined the correlation between GV and neutrophil elastase in the cervical mucous obtained from pregnant women's clinical samples. Culture supernatants (sup) of GV and Lactobacillus crispatus (LC) were added to human immortalized cervical gland cells (EndoCx). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to examine the effects on the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), and Elafin. mRNA microarray analysis revealed the expression profile of GV-exposed EndoCx. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of Elafin against LC and GV was investigated. In the clinical samples, neutrophil elastase was increased in the GV-positive cervical mucous. In an in vitro assay, RT-qPCR and ELISA showed that GV-sup enhanced the secretion of Elafin, but not SLPI, from EndoCx, whereas LC-sup did not. mRNA microarray assay and ELISA results demonstrated that GV-sup enhanced the proinflammatory pathway and interleukin (IL)- 8 secretion from EndoCx as well as cell adhesion and tight junction pathways. Moreover, GV-sup directly enhanced Elafin and IL-8 secretion from the cervical gland cells. In the GV-abundant vaginal flora, IL-8 level increased the neutrophil elastase activity and Elafin inhibited the elastase activity to protect from tissue damage and infection. Thus, the balance of IL-8-induced neutrophil and Elafin-induced antiprotease activities may be crucial in preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Matsuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Takada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Osamu Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mikiko Asai-Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kaori Kawakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Komatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumihisa Chishima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Wang WF, Cheng CX, Liu H, Chen XL, Wang HL. 6His-tatritin promotes antimicrobial defense via regulating immune ability and intestinal microbial community in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 133:108532. [PMID: 36639064 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic, and amphiphilic peptides found in most organisms, and many of these peptides have broad antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative, -positive bacteria and fungi. In the present study, a derivative of antimicrobial peptide Tatritin, 6His-Tatritin, was designed and expressed by Pichia pastoris using a constitutive vector pGAPZαA with the promoter of pGAP. The 6His-Tatritin had a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity based on the Oxford cup method and the micro broth dilution test. In addition, to explore the role of 6His-Tatritin in vivo, grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila after they were fed with 6His-Tatritin as feed additives for 28 days. The results revealed that 6His-Tatritin could significantly up-regulate the expression levels of Hepcidin, Leap-2b, Nrf-2, CuZn-SOD and LZM (P < 0.05). In addition, 6His-Tatritin could significantly reduce the mortality (P < 0.05) and the intestinal injury of grass carps infected with bacteria. The 16S sequencing analysis showed that the structure of microbial community in intestine of fish was more diversified compared with control after treatment with 6His-Tatritin. In summary, the peptide of 6His-Tatritin could promote antimicrobial defense via regulating immune ability and intestinal microbial community in grass carp. This study provides an effective method and approach for the application of antimicrobial peptide Tatritin in aquaculture, and also provides insights into the function of antimicrobial peptides in immunity against pathogens in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chu-Xing Cheng
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiu-Li Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Huan-Ling Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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20
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Solarat B, Perea L, Faner R, de La Rosa D, Martínez-García MÁ, Sibila O. Pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchial Infection in Bronchiectasis. Arch Bronconeumol 2023; 59:101-108. [PMID: 36180278 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, but chronic bronchial infection plays an important role in its natural history, and is associated with poor quality of life, more exacerbations and increased mortality. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common bacteria related to chronic bronchial infection. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, fungi and respiratory viruses are also present during clinical stability, and may increase the risk of acute exacerbation. Chronic inflammation is present in bronchiectasis, especially neutrophilic inflammation. However, macrophages and eosinophils also play a key role in the disease. Finally, airway epithelium has innate mechanisms such as mucociliary clearance and antibacterial molecules like mucins and antimicrobial peptides that protect the airways from pathogens. This review addresses how the persistence of microorganisms in the airways and the imbalance of the immune system contribute to the development of chronic bronchial infection in bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Solarat
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, C. de Villaroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Perea
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, C. de Villaroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Faner
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, C. de Villaroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David de La Rosa
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Sant Pau, C. Sant Quintí, 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
- Respiratory Department, Hospital La Fe, CIBERES, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 València, Spain
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, C. de Villaroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Imperlini E, Massaro F, Buonocore F. Antimicrobial Peptides against Bacterial Pathogens: Innovative Delivery Nanosystems for Pharmaceutical Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010184. [PMID: 36671385 PMCID: PMC9854484 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of antibiotics has revolutionized the treatment and prevention of microbial infections. However, the global spread of pathogens resistant to available antibiotics is a major concern. Recently, the WHO has updated the priority list of multidrug-resistant (MDR) species for which the discovery of new therapeutics is urgently needed. In this scenario, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a new potential alternative to conventional antibiotics, as they show a low risk of developing antimicrobial resistance, thus preventing MDR bacterial infections. However, there are limitations and challenges related to the clinical impact of AMPs, as well as great scientific efforts to find solutions aimed at improving their biological activity, in vivo stability, and bioavailability by reducing the eventual toxicity. To overcome some of these issues, different types of nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for AMP delivery over the last decades. In this review, we provide an update on recent nanosystems applied to AMPs, with special attention on their potential pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of bacterial infections. Among lipid nanomaterials, solid lipid NPs and lipid nanocapsules have been employed to enhance AMP solubility and protect peptides from proteolytic degradation. In addition, polymeric NPs, particularly nanogels, are able to help in reducing AMP toxicity and also increasing AMP loading. To boost AMP activity instead, mesoporous silica or gold NPs can be selected due to their easy surface functionalization. They have been also used as nanocarriers for different AMP combinations, thus synergistically potentiating their action against pathogens.
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22
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Bortolotti A, Troiano C, Bobone S, Konai MM, Ghosh C, Bocchinfuso G, Acharya Y, Santucci V, Bonacorsi S, Di Stefano C, Haldar J, Stella L. Mechanism of lipid bilayer perturbation by bactericidal membrane-active small molecules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184079. [PMID: 36374761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-active small molecules (MASMs) are small organic molecules designed to reproduce the fundamental physicochemical properties of natural antimicrobial peptides: their cationic charge and amphiphilic character. This class of compounds has a promising broad range of antimicrobial activity and, at the same time, solves some major limitations of the peptides, such as their high production costs and low in vivo stability. Most cationic antimicrobial peptides act by accumulating on the surface of bacterial membranes and causing the formation of defects when a threshold is reached. Due to the drastically different structures of the two classes of molecules, it is not obvious that small-molecule antimicrobials act in the same way as natural peptides, and very few data are available on this aspect. Here we combined spectroscopic studies and molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the mechanism of action of two different MASMs. Our results show that, notwithstanding their simple structure, these molecules act just like antimicrobial peptides. They bind to the membrane surface, below the head-groups, and insert their apolar moieties in the core of the bilayer. Like many natural peptides, they cause the formation of defects when they reach a high coverage of the membrane surface. In addition, they cause membrane aggregation, and this property could contribute to their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bortolotti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - C Troiano
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - S Bobone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M M Konai
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - C Ghosh
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - G Bocchinfuso
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Y Acharya
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - V Santucci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - S Bonacorsi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - C Di Stefano
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - J Haldar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India; School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - L Stella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Mencía M. Acid digestion and symbiont: Proton sharing at the origin of mitochondriogenesis?: Proton production by a symbiotic bacterium may have been the origin of two hallmark eukaryotic features, acid digestion and mitochondria: Proton production by a symbiotic bacterium may have been the origin of two hallmark eukaryotic features, acid digestion and mitochondria. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200136. [PMID: 36373631 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The initial relationships between organisms leading to endosymbiosis and the first eukaryote are currently a topic of hot debate. Here, I present a theory that offers a gradual scenario in which the origins of phagocytosis and mitochondria are intertwined in such a way that the evolution of one would not be possible without the other. In this scenario, the premitochondrial bacterial symbiont became initially associated with a protophagocytic host on the basis of cooperation to kill prey with symbiont-produced toxins and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Subsequently, the cooperation was focused on the digestion stage, through the acidification of the protophagocytic cavities via exportation of protons produced by the aerobic respiration of the symbiont. The host gained an improved phagocytic capacity and the symbiont received organic compounds from prey. As the host gradually lost its membrane energetics to develop lysosomal digestion, respiration was centralized in the premitochondrial symbiont for energy production for the consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mencía
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28409, Spain
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24
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Wang X, He L, Huang Z, Zhao Q, Fan J, Tian Y, Huang A. Isolation, identification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from Moringa oleifera seeds based on affinity adsorption. Food Chem 2023; 398:133923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nie L, Li Y, Liu Y, Shi L, Chen H. Recent Applications of Contact Lenses for Bacterial Corneal Keratitis Therapeutics: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2635. [PMID: 36559128 PMCID: PMC9786638 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal keratitis is a common but severe infectious disease; without immediate and efficient treatment, it can lead to vision loss within a few days. With the development of antibiotic resistance, novel approaches have been developed to combat corneal keratitis. Contact lenses were initially developed to correct vision. Although silicon hydrogel-based contact lenses protect the cornea from hypoxic stress from overnight wear, wearing contact lenses was reported as an essential cause of corneal keratitis. With the development of technology, contact lenses are integrated with advanced functions, and functionalized contact lenses are used for killing bacteria and preventing infectious corneal keratitis. In this review, we aim to examine the current applications of contact lenses for anti-corneal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan 317600, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Huiyun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan 317600, China
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The Antimicrobial Peptide 1018-K6 Interacts Distinctly with Eukaryotic and Bacterial Membranes, the Basis of Its Specificity and Bactericidal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012392. [PMID: 36293249 PMCID: PMC9603936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since penicillin was discovered, antibiotics have been critical in the fight against infections. However, antibiotic misuse has led to drug resistance, which now constitutes a serious health problem. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a natural group of short proteins, varying in structure and length, that act against certain types of bacterial pathogens. The antimicrobial peptide 1018-K6 (VRLIVKVRIWRR- NH2) has significant bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against Listeria monocytogenes isolates, and against different strains and serotypes of Salmonella. Here, the mechanism of action of 1018-K6 was explored further to understand the peptide-membrane interactions relevant to its activity, and to define their determinants. We combined studies with model synthetic membranes (liposomes) and model biological membranes, assessing the absorption maximum and the quenching of 1018-K6 fluorescence in aqueous and lipid environments, the self-quenching of carboxyfluorescein, as well as performing lipid sedimentation assays. The data obtained reflect the differential interactions of the 1018-K6 peptide with eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes, and the specific interactions and mechanisms of action in the three prokaryotic species studied: Salmonella Typhimurium2GN, Escherichia coli3GN, and Staphylococcus aureus3GP. The AMP 1018-K6 is a candidate to prevent (food preservation) or treat (antibiotic use) infections caused by certain pathogenic bacteria, especially some that are resistant to current antibiotics.
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Peng C, Liu Y, Shui L, Zhao Z, Mao X, Liu Z. Mechanisms of Action of the Antimicrobial Peptide Cecropin in the Killing of Candida albicans. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101581. [PMID: 36295016 PMCID: PMC9604627 DOI: 10.3390/life12101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug resistance has caused fungal infections to become a global health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a viable solution to these pathogens due to their resistance to drug resistance and their diverse mechanisms of actions, which include direct killing and immunomodulatory properties. The peptide Cecropin, which is expressed by genetically engineered bacteria, has antifungal effects on Candida albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Candida albicans were 0.9 μg/mL and 1.8 μg/mL, respectively, detected by the micro-broth dilution method. According to the killing kinetics, the MFC of Cecropin could kill Candida albicans in 40 min. The electron microscope indicated that Cecropin could cause the cell wall to become rough and nicked, eventually killing Candida albicans. The effects of Cecropin on the cell membrane of treated C. albicans, using the 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and propidium iodide protocol, showed that they could change the permeability and fluidity, destroy it, and lead to cell necrosis. In addition, Cecropin can also induce cells to produce excessive reactive oxygen species, causing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential. Therefore, this study provides a certain theoretical basis for the antifungal infection of new antifungal agents.
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28
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Jadhav K, Singh R, Ray E, Singh AK, Verma RK. Taming the Devil: Antimicrobial Peptides for Safer TB Therapeutics. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:643-656. [PMID: 35619262 DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220526161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious infection with extensive mortality and morbidity. The rise of TB-superbugs (drug-resistant strains) with the increase of their resistance to conventional antibiotics has prompted a further search for new anti-mycobacterial agents. It is difficult to breach the barriers around TB bacteria, including mycolic cell wall, granuloma, biofilm and mucus, by conventional antibiotics in a short span of time. Hence, there is an essential need for molecules with an unconventional mode of action and structure that can efficiently break the barriers around mycobacterium. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are essential components of innate immunity having cationic and amphipathic characteristics. Lines of evidence show that AMPs have good myco-bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against normal as well as antibiotic-resistant TB bacteria. These peptides have shown direct killing of bacteria by membrane lysis and indirect killing by activation of innate immune response in host cells by interacting with the component of the bacterial membrane and intracellular targets through diverse mechanisms. Despite a good anti-mycobacterial activity, some undesirable characteristics are also associated with AMP, including hemolysis, cytotoxicity, susceptibility to proteolysis and poor pharmacokinetic profile, and hence only a few clinical studies have been conducted with these biomolecules. The design of new combinatorial therapies, including AMPs and particulate drug delivery systems, could be new potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics to fight MDR- and XDRTB. This review outlined the array of AMP roles in TB therapy, possible mechanisms of actions, activities, and current advances in pragmatic strategies to improve challenges accompanying the delivery of AMP for tuberculosis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Jadhav
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Eupa Ray
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra-282001, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
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29
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Nguyen TN, Teimouri H, Medvedeva A, Kolomeisky AB. Cooperativity in Bacterial Membrane Association Controls the Synergistic Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7365-7372. [PMID: 36108158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or defence peptides, are compounds naturally produced during immune responses of living organisms against bacterial infections that are currently actively considered as promising alternatives to antibiotics. Recent experimental studies uncovered that in many situations, combinations of different AMPs are much more successful in eliminating the bacterial pathogens than single peptide species. However, the microscopic origin of such synergistic activities remains not fully understood. We present and investigate a possible mechanism of synergy between AMPs. It is based on the idea that due to inter-molecular interactions, the presence of an AMP of one type stimulates the association of an AMP of another type, and this accelerates the overall association to the membrane, eventually killing the bacteria. This approach allows us to fully quantify the synergistic activities of AMPs, and it is successfully applied for several experimental systems. It is found that strong cooperativity can be achieved for relatively weak inter-molecular interactions, suggesting that the application of combinations of AMPs can be further rationally optimized to make it a powerful antibacterial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao N Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hamid Teimouri
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Angela Medvedeva
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Anatoly B Kolomeisky
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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30
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Lima LS, Ramalho SR, Sandim GC, Parisotto EB, Orlandi Sardi JDC, Rodrigues Macedo ML. Prevention of hospital pathogen biofilm formation by antimicrobial peptide KWI18. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105791. [PMID: 36150557 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of KWI18, a new synthetic peptide. KWI18 was tested against planktonic cells and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida parapsilosis biofilms. Time-kill and synergism assays were performed. Sorbitol, ergosterol, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation assays were used to gain insight into the mechanism of action of the peptide. Toxicity was evaluated against erythrocytes and Galleria mellonella. KWI18 showed antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.5 to 10 μM. KWI18 at 10 × MIC reduced P. aeruginosa and C. parapsilosis biofilm formation and cell viability. Time-kill assays revealed that KWI18 inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa in 4 h and that of C. parapsilosis in 6 h. The mechanism of action was related to ergosterol as well as induction of oxidative damage in cells and biofilms. Furthermore, KWI18 demonstrated low toxicity to erythrocytes and G. mellonella. KWI18 proved to be an effective antibiofilm agent, opening opportunities for the development of new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Souza Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suellen Rodrigues Ramalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Graziele Custódia Sandim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas Integradas, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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31
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Dinesh Kumar S, Park JH, Kim HS, Seo CD, Ajish C, Kim EY, Lim HS, Shin SY. Cationic, amphipathic small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold as a new class of antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114747. [PMID: 36103802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Poor proteolytic resistance, toxicity and salt/serum sensitivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) limits their practical clinical application. Here, to overcome these drawbacks of AMPs and develop novel antimicrobial agents, a series of small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of AMPs were synthesized and evaluated their potential as a new class of antimicrobial agents. All designed compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity and negligible hemolytic activity. Particularly, five compounds (9, 11, 12, 15, and 16) presented excellent cell selectivity with proteolytic resistance, salt/serum stability and anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. These five compounds exhibited similar or 2-4 fold higher antimicrobial activity than melittin against six antibiotic-resistant bacteria tested. Similar to the intracellular-targeting AMP, buforin-2, these compounds displayed an intracellular mode of antimicrobial action. These compounds showed potent biofilm inhibitory and eradicating activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Additionally, these compounds displayed synergistic or additive effects when combined with selected clinically used antibiotics. Furthermore, these compounds have been proven to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release by directly binding to LPS and blocking the interaction between LPS and CD14/TLR4 receptor in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of the designed compounds as a novel class of multifunctional antimicrobial agents to combat bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Deok Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Butnariu M, Quispe C, Koirala N, Khadka S, Salgado-Castillo CM, Akram M, Anum R, Yeskaliyeva B, Cruz-Martins N, Martorell M, Kumar M, Vasile Bagiu R, Abdull Razis AF, Sunusi U, Muhammad Kamal R, Sharifi-Rad J. Bioactive Effects of Curcumin in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Along with the Most Effective Isolation Techniques and Type of Nanoformulations. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3619-3632. [PMID: 35996526 PMCID: PMC9391931 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s364501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with African countries being the worst affected by this deadly virus. Curcumin (CUR) is a Curcuma longa-derived polyphenol that has attracted the attention of researchers due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiviral effects. CUR also demonstrates anti-HIV effects by acting as a possible inhibitor of gp120 binding, integrase, protease, and topoisomerase II activities, besides also exerting a protective action against HIV-associated diseases. However, its effectiveness is limited due to its poor water solubility, rapid metabolism, and systemic elimination. Nanoformulations have been shown to be useful to enhance curcumin’s bioavailability and its effectiveness as an anti-HIV agent. In this sense, bioactive effects of CUR in HIV infection are carefully reviewed, along with the most effective isolation techniques and type of nanoformulations available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Butnariu
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Discipline, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 300645, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, 1110939, Chile
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujan Khadka
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry" with "State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Anum
- SINA Health, Education and Welfare Trust, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Balakyz Yeskaliyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Gandra PRD, 4585-116, Portugal.,TOXRUN-Oxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile.,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and BioChemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Radu Vasile Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara Department of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania.,Preventive Medicine Study Center, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
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33
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Tomeh MA, Hadianamrei R, Xu D, Brown S, Zhao X. Peptide-functionalised magnetic silk nanoparticles produced by a swirl mixer for enhanced anticancer activity of ASC-J9. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112549. [PMID: 35636321 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin is an FDA approved biopolymer for clinical applications with great potential in nanomedicine. However, silk-based nanoformulations are still facing several challenges in processing and drug delivery efficiency (such as reproducibility and targetability), especially in cancer therapy. To address these challenges, robust and controllable production methods are required for generating nanocarriers with desired properties. This study aimed to develop a novel method for the production of peptide-functionalized magnetic silk nanoparticles with higher selectivity for cancer cells for targeted delivery of the hydrophobic anticancer agent ASC-J9. A new microfluidic device with a swirl mixer was designed to fabricate magnetic silk nanoparticles (MSNP) with desired size and narrow size distribution. The surface of MSNPs was functionalized with a cationic amphiphilic anticancer peptide, G(IIKK)3I-NH2 (G3), to enhance their selectivity towards cancer cells. The G3-MSNPs increased the cellular uptake and anticancer activity of G3 in HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells compared to free G3. Moreover, the G3-MSNPs exhibited considerably higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells compared to normal cells (HDFs). Encapsulating ASC-J9 in G3-MSNPs resulted in augmented anticancer activity compared to free ASC-J9 and non-functionalized ASC-J9 loaded MSNPs within its biological half-life. Hence, functionalizing MSNPs with G3 enabled targeted delivery of ASC-J9 to cancer cells and enhanced its anticancer effect. Functionalization of nanoparticles with anticancer peptides could be regarded as a new strategy for targeted delivery and enhanced efficiency of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, the microfluidic device introduced in this paper offers a robust and reproducible method for fabrication of small sized homogenous nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhd Anas Tomeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Roja Hadianamrei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Defeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Stephen Brown
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2TN, UK
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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34
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Namvar Arabani S, Madanchi H, Ajoudanifar H, Shabani AA. Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxicity Effects of CecropinA-Magenin2 (CE-MA) Peptide and Its Truncated Derivatives and Study of Their Action Mechanism. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Häring M, Amann V, Kissmann AK, Herberger T, Synatschke C, Kirsch-Pietz N, Perez-Erviti JA, Otero-Gonzalez AJ, Morales-Vicente F, Andersson J, Weil T, Stenger S, Rodríguez A, Ständker L, Rosenau F. Combination of Six Individual Derivatives of the Pom-1 Antibiofilm Peptide Doubles Their Efficacy against Invasive and Multi-Resistant Clinical Isolates of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071332. [PMID: 35890228 PMCID: PMC9319270 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, derivatives of the peptide Pom-1, which was originally extracted from the freshwater mollusk Pomacea poeyana, showed an exceptional ability to specifically inhibit biofilm formation of the laboratory strain ATCC 90028 as a model strain of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. In follow-up, here, we demonstrate that the derivatives Pom-1A to Pom-1F are also active against biofilms of invasive clinical C. albicans isolates, including strains resistant against fluconazole and/or amphotericin B. However, efficacy varied strongly between the isolates, as indicated by large deviations in the experiments. This lack of robustness could be efficiently bypassed by using mixtures of all peptides. These mixed peptide preparations were active against biofilm formation of all the isolates with uniform efficacies, and the total peptide concentration could be halved compared to the original MIC of the individual peptides (2.5 µg/mL). Moreover, mixing the individual peptides restored the antifungal effect of fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant isolates even at 50% of the standard therapeutic concentration. Without having elucidated the reason for these synergistic effects of the peptides yet, both the gain of efficacy and the considerable increase in efficiency by combining the peptides indicate that Pom-1 and its derivatives in suitable formulations may play an important role as new antibiofilm antimycotics in the fight against invasive clinical infections with (multi-) resistant C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Häring
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (V.A.)
| | - Valerie Amann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (V.A.)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Kissmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (V.A.)
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.); (C.S.); (N.K.-P.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.-K.K.); (F.R.)
| | - Tilmann Herberger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.); (C.S.); (N.K.-P.); (T.W.)
| | - Christopher Synatschke
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.); (C.S.); (N.K.-P.); (T.W.)
| | - Nicole Kirsch-Pietz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.); (C.S.); (N.K.-P.); (T.W.)
| | - Julio A. Perez-Erviti
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 Street, Havana 10400, Cuba; (J.A.P.-E.); (A.J.O.-G.)
| | - Anselmo J. Otero-Gonzalez
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 Street, Havana 10400, Cuba; (J.A.P.-E.); (A.J.O.-G.)
| | - Fidel Morales-Vicente
- Synthetic Peptides Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Jakob Andersson
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.); (C.S.); (N.K.-P.); (T.W.)
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Armando Rodríguez
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Ulm Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.R.); (L.S.)
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Ulm Peptide Pharmaceuticals (U-PEP), Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.H.); (V.A.)
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (T.H.); (C.S.); (N.K.-P.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.-K.K.); (F.R.)
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36
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Amorim-Carmo B, Parente AMS, Souza ES, Silva-Junior AA, Araújo RM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Antimicrobial Peptide Analogs From Scorpions: Modifications and Structure-Activity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887763. [PMID: 35712354 PMCID: PMC9197468 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of multidrug-resistant pathogens against conventional antibiotics is a global public health problem. The irrational use of antibiotics has promoted therapeutic limitations against different infections, making research of new molecules that can be applied to treat infections necessary. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of promising antibiotic molecules as they present broad action spectrum, potent activity, and do not easily induce resistance. Several AMPs from scorpion venoms have been described as a potential source for the development of new drugs; however, some limitations to their application are also observed. Here, we describe strategies used in several approaches to optimize scorpion AMPs, addressing their primary sequence, biotechnological potential, and characteristics that should be considered when developing an AMP derived from scorpion venoms. In addition, this review may contribute towards improving the understanding of rationally designing new molecules, targeting functional AMPs that may have a therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amorim-Carmo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriana M. S. Parente
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eden S. Souza
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arnóbio A. Silva-Junior
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Renata M. Araújo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
| | - Matheus F. Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do North, Natal, Brazil
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37
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Pashapour A, Sardari S, Ehsani P. In Silico Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Some Novel AMPs Derived From Human LL-37 as Potential Antimicrobial Agents for Keratitis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e124017. [PMID: 36710989 PMCID: PMC9872548 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-124017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The human body produces two classes of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), namely defensins and cathelicidins. In this study, a novel decapeptide (Catoid) and its dimer (Dicatoid) based on human cathelicidin (LL-37) have been designed by bioinformatics tools to be used in the treatment of bacterial keratitis. After the selection and synthesis of peptide sequences, their antimicrobial activities against the standard and resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. This test was performed with LL-37, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and penicillin for a more accurate comparison. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity levels of the specified compounds on fibroblast cells and bovine corneal endothelial cells were investigated. The results demonstrated that the designed peptides had a superior antimicrobial activity on P. aeruginosa, compared to LL-37; however, Catoid had a better effect on the S. aureus strain. Additionally, a significant achievement is the very low toxicity level of Catoid and Dicatoid on the human skin fibroblast cell line and bovine corneal endothelial cells, compared to that of LL-37 as the initial design model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Pashapour
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Sardari
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Kim EY, Kumar SD, Ajish C, Lee CW, Shin S, Yang S, Bang JK, Shin SY. Synergistic antimicrobial activity of
TZP4
with conventional antibiotics against antibiotic‐resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - S. Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Heui Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
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39
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40
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Dey N, Kamatchi C, Vickram AS, Anbarasu K, Thanigaivel S, Palanivelu J, Pugazhendhi A, Ponnusamy VK. Role of nanomaterials in deactivating multiple drug resistance efflux pumps - A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111968. [PMID: 34453898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The changes in lifestyle and living conditions have affected not only humans but also microorganisms. As man invents new drugs and therapies, pathogens alter themselves to survive and thrive. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) is the talk of the town for decades now. Many generations of medications have been termed useless as MDR rises among the infectious population. The surge in nanotechnology has brought a new hope in reducing this aspect of resistance in pathogens. It has been observed in several laboratory-based studies that the use of nanoparticles had a synergistic effect on the antibiotic being administered to the pathogen; several resistant strains scummed to the stress created by the nanoparticles and became susceptible to the drug. The major cause of resistance to date is the efflux system, which makes the latest generation of antibiotics ineffective without reaching the target site. If species-specific nanomaterials are used to control the activity of efflux pumps, it could revolutionize the field of medicine and make the previous generation resistant medications active once again. Therefore, the current study was devised to assess and review nanoparticles' role on efflux systems and discuss how specialized particles can be designed towards an infectious host's particular drug ejection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - C Kamatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Oxford College of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - A S Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - K Anbarasu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - S Thanigaivel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Jeyanthi Palanivelu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry & Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Richardson JP, Brown R, Kichik N, Lee S, Priest E, Mogavero S, Maufrais C, Wickramasinghe DN, Tsavou A, Kotowicz NK, Hepworth OW, Gallego-Cortés A, Ponde NO, Ho J, Moyes DL, Wilson D, D’Enfert C, Hube B, Naglik JR. Candidalysins Are a New Family of Cytolytic Fungal Peptide Toxins. mBio 2022; 13:e0351021. [PMID: 35073742 PMCID: PMC8787473 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03510-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidalysin is the first cytolytic peptide toxin identified in any human fungal pathogen. Candidalysin is secreted by Candida albicans and is critical for driving infection and host immune responses in several model systems. However, Candida infections are also caused by non-C. albicans species. Here, we identify and characterize orthologs of C. albicans candidalysin in C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis. The candidalysins have different amino acid sequences, are amphipathic, and adopt a predominantly α-helical secondary structure in solution. Comparative functional analysis demonstrates that each candidalysin causes epithelial damage and calcium influx and activates intracellular signaling pathways and cytokine secretion. Importantly, C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis candidalysins have higher damaging and activation potential than C. albicans candidalysin and exhibit more rapid membrane binding and disruption, although both fungal species cause less damage to epithelial cells than C. albicans. This study identifies the first family of peptide cytolysins in human-pathogenic fungi. IMPORTANCE Pathogenic fungi kill an estimated 1.5 million people every year. Recently, we discovered that the fungal pathogen Candida albicans secretes a peptide toxin called candidalysin during mucosal infection. Candidalysin causes damage to host cells, a process that supports disease progression. However, fungal infections are also caused by Candida species other than C. albicans. In this work, we identify and characterize two additional candidalysin toxins present in the related fungal pathogens C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis. While the three candidalysins have different amino acid sequences, all three toxins are α-helical and amphipathic. Notably, the candidalysins from C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis are more potent at inducing cell damage, calcium influx, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and cytokine responses than C. albicans candidalysin, with the C. dubliniensis candidalysin having the most rapid membrane binding kinetics. These observations identify the candidalysins as the first family of peptide toxins in human-pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Richardson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys Brown
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nessim Kichik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sejeong Lee
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Priest
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Selene Mogavero
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Corinne Maufrais
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INRAE, USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Don N. Wickramasinghe
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antzela Tsavou
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia K. Kotowicz
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia W. Hepworth
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Gallego-Cortés
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole O. Ponde
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jemima Ho
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Wilson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe D’Enfert
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INRAE, USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Landon C, Zhu Y, Mustafi M, Madinier JB, Lelièvre D, Aucagne V, Delmas AF, Weisshaar JC. Real-Time Fluorescence Microscopy on Living E. coli Sheds New Light on the Antibacterial Effects of the King Penguin β-Defensin AvBD103b. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042057. [PMID: 35216173 PMCID: PMC8880245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. Among AMPs, the disulfide-rich β-defensin AvBD103b, whose antibacterial activities are not inhibited by salts contrary to most other β-defensins, is particularly appealing. Information about the mechanisms of action is mandatory for the development and approval of new drugs. However, data for non-membrane-disruptive AMPs such as β-defensins are scarce, thus they still remain poorly understood. (2) We used single-cell fluorescence imaging to monitor the effects of a β-defensin (namely AvBD103b) in real time, on living E. coli, and at the physiological concentration of salts. (3) We obtained key parameters to dissect the mechanism of action. The cascade of events, inferred from our precise timing of membrane permeabilization effects, associated with the timing of bacterial growth arrest, differs significantly from the other antimicrobial compounds that we previously studied in the same physiological conditions. Moreover, the AvBD103b mechanism does not involve significant stereo-selective interaction with any chiral partner, at any step of the process. (4) The results are consistent with the suggestion that after penetrating the outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane, AvBD103b interacts non-specifically with a variety of polyanionic targets, leading indirectly to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Landon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (J.C.W.)
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France; (J.-B.M.); (D.L.); (V.A.); (A.F.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Mainak Mustafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Madinier
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France; (J.-B.M.); (D.L.); (V.A.); (A.F.D.)
| | - Dominique Lelièvre
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France; (J.-B.M.); (D.L.); (V.A.); (A.F.D.)
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France; (J.-B.M.); (D.L.); (V.A.); (A.F.D.)
| | - Agnes F. Delmas
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, 45071 Orléans, France; (J.-B.M.); (D.L.); (V.A.); (A.F.D.)
| | - James C. Weisshaar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.M.); (J.C.W.)
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Barros ALAN, Hamed A, Marani M, Moreira DC, Eaton P, Plácido A, Kato MJ, Leite JRSA. The Arsenal of Bioactive Molecules in the Skin Secretion of Urodele Amphibians. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:810821. [PMID: 35095522 PMCID: PMC8795703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.810821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urodele amphibians (∼768 spp.), salamanders and newts, are a rich source of molecules with bioactive properties, especially those isolated from their skin secretions. These include pharmacological attributes, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, vasoactive, immune system modulation, and dermal wound healing activities. Considering the high demand for new compounds to guide the discovery of new drugs to treat conventional and novel diseases, this review summarizes the characteristics of molecules identified in the skin of urodele amphibians. We describe urodele-derived peptides and alkaloids, with emphasis on their biological activities, which can be considered new scaffolds for the pharmaceutical industry. Although much more attention has been given to anurans, bioactive molecules produced by urodeles have the potential to be used for biotechnological purposes and stand as viable alternatives for the development of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L A N Barros
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, PPGMT, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, NMT, Faculdade de Medicina, UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Abdelaaty Hamed
- Instituto de Química, IQ, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariela Marani
- IPEEC-CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Peter Eaton
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Joseph Banks Laboratories, The Bridge, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Bioprospectum, Lda, UPTEC, Porto, Portugal
| | - Massuo J Kato
- Instituto de Química, IQ, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, PPGMT, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, NMT, Faculdade de Medicina, UnB, Brasília, Brazil.,Bioprospectum, Lda, UPTEC, Porto, Portugal
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44
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Alfaifi A, Sultan AS, Montelongo-Jauregui D, Meiller TF, Jabra-Rizk MA. Long-Term Post-COVID-19 Associated Oral Inflammatory Sequelae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:831744. [PMID: 35310855 PMCID: PMC8924417 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.831744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity remains an underappreciated site for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite the myriad oral conditions observed in COVID-19 patients. Recently, replicating SARS-CoV-2 was found inside salivary epithelial cells resulting in inflammation and atrophy of salivary glands. Saliva possesses healing properties crucial for maintaining the health of the oral mucosa. Specifically, salivary antimicrobial peptides, most notable, histatin-5 exclusively produced in salivary glands, plays a vital role in innate immunity against colonizing microbial species. The demonstration of SARS-CoV-2 destruction of gland tissue where histatin-5 is produced strongly indicate that histatin-5 production is compromised due to COVID-19. Here we present a case of a patient presenting with unexplained chronic oral dysesthesia and dysgeusia post-recovery from COVID-19. To explore potential physiological mechanisms behind the symptoms, we comparatively analyzed saliva samples from the patient and matched healthy subject for histatin-5 and key cytokines. Findings demonstrated significantly reduced histatin-5 levels in patient's saliva and activation of the Th17 inflammatory pathway. As histatin-5 exhibits potent activity against the opportunistic oral pathogen Candida albicans, we evaluated saliva potency against C. albicans ex vivo. Compared to control, patient saliva exhibited significantly reduced anti-candidal efficacy. Although speculative, based on history and salivary analysis we hypothesize that salivary histatin-5 production may be compromised due to SARS-CoV-2 mediated salivary gland destruction. With the current lack of emphasis on implications of COVID-19 on oral health, this report may provide lacking mechanistic insights that may lead to reassessment of risks for oral opportunistic infections and mucosal inflammatory processes in acutely-ill and recovered COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Alfaifi
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Sultan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, United States.,Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Montelongo-Jauregui
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Timothy F Meiller
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, United States.,Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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45
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Ji F, Zhao Y, Jiang F, Shang D. Membrane mechanism of temporin-1CEc, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin secretions of Rana chensinensis, and its systemic analogs. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105544. [PMID: 34953322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are new and powerful target molecules in the development of new antibacterial agents. Temporin-1CEc, a natural peptide isolated and purified from the skin secretions of the Chinese brown frog Rana chensinensis, exhibits low or no antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, which limits its potential therapeutic use; however, it displays low hemolysis to human erythrocytes. Here, a series of temporin-1CEc analogs was designed and synthesized by amino acid residue substitutions based on cationicity, hydrophobicity, amphipathicity and secondary structure to understand the structure-activity relationships of this peptide in depth. The results showed that all of the analogs, except for 2K and 4K, had significantly improved antibacterial activity against the tested standard bacterial strains and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains compared to temporin-1CEc. 2K2L and 2K4L, but not 4K2L and 4K4L, showed the strongest antibacterial activity compared with their parent peptides 2K and 4K, suggesting that peptide hydrophobicity plays a more important role in antibacterial activity than cationicity for this series of AMPs. However, the antibacterial activity of the 6 Trp-containing analogs of 2K4L decreased with a further increase in hydrophobicity based on the results of 2K4L, indicating that it is more important to balance cationicity and hydrophobicity. Moreover, an increase in AMP hydrophobicity led to hemolysis. Notably, all of the peptides adopted α-helical structures in 50% trifluoroethanol/water and 30 mM SDS solutions. 2K2L and 2K4L displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against sensitive and multidrug-resistant bacteria, effectively killing the tested multidrug resistant strain Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE1208). 2K2L and 2K4L were able to increase the permeability of the outer and inner membranes by depolarization and disturb the integration of the cytoplasmic membrane of MRSE1208 cells, leading to leakage of its cellular contents. In addition, 2K2L and 2K4L at low concentrations inhibited biofilm formation and degraded mature 1-day-old MRSE1208 biofilms. Notably, 2K2L and 2K4L inhibited the formation of MRSE1208 biofilms at concentrations below its MIC value, suggesting that the peptide may exert an inhibitory effect through not only direct antimicrobial activity but also a biofilm-specific mechanism. Collectively, these results suggest that 2K2L and 2K4L could be effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Ji
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Fengquan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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46
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Posada V, Espejo BF, Orduz S. De novo design of short antimicrobial lipopeptides. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210362. [PMID: 34817038 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics available leads to the search for new compounds with antimicrobial potential, such as peptides and lipopeptides. In this work, eight short lipopeptides with the structural pattern Cn-X1 X2 X3-NH2 were de novo designed, synthesized by Fmoc solid phase and characterized by instrumental techniques. The results of the in vitro tests indicated that two of them, LIP 4 and LIP 12 display antibacterial activity against 4 pathogenic bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 9.50 and 100 μM and between 8.50 and 10.0 μM, respectively; they did not displayed toxicity to human erythrocytes at concentrations between 3.13 and 50.0 μM. The antibacterial mechanism of action observed by scanning electron microscopy indicate that the cell membrane was the target, causing the formation of blisters and vesicles, with size ranging from 100 to 120 nm. The lipopeptide LIP 12, with higher activity, was stable to proteases of human blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Posada
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellin, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Carrera 65, No. 59A - 110, 050034, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Blanca Fabiola Espejo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellin, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Carrera 65, No. 59A - 110, 050034, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Sergio Orduz
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellin, Escuela de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Carrera 65, No. 59A - 110, 050034, Medellin, Colombia
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47
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Cai G, Wusiman A, Gu P, Mao N, Xu S, Zhu T, He J, Liu Z, Wang D. Supplementation of Alhagi honey polysaccharides contributes to the improvement of the intestinal immunity regulating the structure of intestinal flora in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:9693-9707. [PMID: 34664596 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01860d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alhagi honey polysaccharides (AH), a main active component of Alhagi honey, are known to possess excellent pharmacological activities and have been widely used as dietary supplements in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. This study is aimed to investigate the heath effect of AH on murine intestinal mucosal immune function and composition of the gut microbiome. ICR mice received daily intragastric administration of AH (three dosages, 200 mg kg-1, 400 mg kg-1, and 800 mg kg-1) or saline for 7 consecutive days. Results indicated an improvement in the intestinal barrier function through increases in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and β-defensins. Simultaneously, AH also significantly stimulated IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokine secretion as compared to the control samples. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that AH enhanced the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the small intestine. An obvious increase in the ratio of IgA+ cells of AH-treatment samples in the lamina propria was also detected by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell ratio in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches in the AH-treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group. Furthermore, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to monitor the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota. The result revealed that AH significantly increased the indexes of Shannon and obviously decreased the indexes of Simpson, suggesting the enhancement of the diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiome. Moreover, AH modulated the gut microbiome via increasing the abundance of probiotics and decreasing the levels of pathogenic bacteria. In summary, these results indicated that AH could be used as a prebiotic to enhance murine intestinal mucosal immunity and to modulate the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Cai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Adelijiang Wusiman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Mao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jin He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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Zhang M, Cao M, Xiu Y, Fu Q, Yang N, Su B, Li C. Identification of Antimicrobial Peptide Genes in Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii and Their Responsive Mechanisms to Edwardsiella tarda Infection. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1015. [PMID: 34681113 PMCID: PMC8533284 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, is a typical viviparous teleost, which belongs to the family Scorpaenidae. Due to its high economic and ecological values, S. schlegelii has been widely cultured in East Asian countries. With the enlargement of cultivation scale, bacterial and viral diseases have become the main threats to the farming industry of S. schlegelii, which have resulted in significant economic losses. In this study, Illumina shotgun sequencing, single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, 10× genomics and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies were collectively applied to assemble the genome of S. schlegelii. Then, we identified the antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs) in the S. schlegelii genome. In total, 214 AMPs were identified in the S. schlegelii genome, which can be divided into 33 classes according to the annotation and cataloging of the Antimicrobial Peptides Database (APD3). Among these AMPs, thrombin-derived C-terminal peptide (TCP) was the dominant type, followed by RegIIIgamma and chemokine. The amino acid sequences of the TCP, cgUbiquitin, RegIIIalpha, RegIIIgamma, chemokine shared 32.55%, 42.63%, 29.87%, 28.09%, and 32.15% similarities among the same type in S. schlegelii. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of these AMPs in nine healthy tissues and at different infection time points in intestine were investigated. The results showed that the numbers and types of AMPs that responded to Edwardsiella tarda infection gradually increased as the infection progressed. In addition, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of hepcidins in teleost. The identification of AMPs based on the whole genome could provide a comprehensive database of potential AMPs, and benefit for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune responses to E. tarda infection in S. schlegelii. This would further offer insights into an accurate and effective design and development of AMP for aquaculture therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (N.Y.)
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (N.Y.)
| | - Yunji Xiu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (N.Y.)
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (N.Y.)
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (N.Y.)
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Z.); (M.C.); (Y.X.); (Q.F.); (N.Y.)
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49
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Nishanth MAD, Bhoomika S, Gourkhede D, Dadimi B, Vergis J, Malik SVS, Barbuddhe SB, Rawool DB. Antibacterial efficacy of in-house designed cell-penetrating peptide against multi-drug resistant strains of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:2747-2758. [PMID: 34528343 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro antibacterial efficacy of an in-house designed cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) variant of Cecropin A (1-7)-Melittin (CAMA) (CAMA-CPP) against the characterized multi-drug resistant (MDR) field strains of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were evaluated and compared with two identified CPPs namely, P7 and APP, keeping CAMA as control. Initially, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (μg ml-1 ) of in-house designed CAMA-CPP, APP and CAMA was determined to be 3.91, whereas that of P7 was 7.81; however, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of all the peptides were twice the MIC. CAMA-CPP and CAMA were found to be stable under different conditions (high-end temperatures, proteinase-K, cationic salts, pH and serum) when compared to the other CPPs. Moreover, CAMA-CPP exhibited negligible cytotoxicity in HEp-2 and RAW 264.7 cell lines as well as haemolysis in the sheep and human erythrocytes with no adverse effects against the commensal gut lactobacilli. In vitro time-kill assay revealed that the MBC levels of CAMA-CPP and APP could eliminate the intracellular MDR-Salmonella infections from mammalian cell lines; however, CAMA and P7 peptides were ineffective. CAMA-CPP appears to be a promising antimicrobial candidate and opens up further avenues for its in vivo clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anto Dani Nishanth
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Sirsant Bhoomika
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Bihar Veterinary College, Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna, Bihar, 800 014, India
| | - Diksha Gourkhede
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Bhargavi Dadimi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Jess Vergis
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Satya Veer Singh Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | | | - Deepak Bhiwa Rawool
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.,ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 092, India
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50
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Teimouri H, Nguyen TN, Kolomeisky AB. Single-cell stochastic modelling of the action of antimicrobial peptides on bacteria. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210392. [PMID: 34520689 PMCID: PMC8440028 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by multi-cellular organisms as their immune system's defence against microbes are actively considered as natural alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Although substantial progress has been achieved in studying the AMPs, the microscopic mechanisms of their functioning remain not well understood. Here, we develop a new theoretical framework to investigate how the AMPs are able to efficiently neutralize bacteria. In our minimal theoretical model, the most relevant processes, AMPs entering into and the following inhibition of the single bacterial cell, are described stochastically. Using complementary master equations approaches, all relevant features of bacteria clearance dynamics by AMPs, such as the probability of inhibition and the mean times before the clearance, are explicitly evaluated. It is found that both processes, entering and inhibition, are equally important for the efficient functioning of AMPs. Our theoretical method naturally explains a wide spectrum of efficiencies of existing AMPs and their heterogeneity at the single-cell level. Theoretical calculations are also consistent with existing single-cell measurements. Thus, the presented theoretical approach clarifies some microscopic aspects of the action of AMPs on bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Teimouri
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Thao N. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Anatoly B. Kolomeisky
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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