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Yang H, Liang C, Luo J, Liu X, Wang W, Zheng K, Luo D, Hou Y, Guo D, Lin D, Zheng X, Li X. Transplantation of Wnt5a-modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04248-8. [PMID: 38795301 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological condition that can lead to paralysis or even death. This study explored the potential benefits of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation for repairing SCI. BMSCs also differentiate into astrocytes within damaged spinal cord tissues hindering the cell transplantation efficacy, therefore it is crucial to enhance their neuronal differentiation rate to facilitate spinal cord repair. Wnt5a, an upstream protein in the non-classical Wnt signaling pathway, has been implicated in stem cell migration, differentiation, and neurite formation but its role in the neuronal differentiation of BMSCs remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of Wnt5a in promoting neuronal differentiation of BMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Wnt5a enhanced neuronal differentiation of BMSCs in vitro while reducing astrocyte differentiation. Additionally, high-throughput RNA sequencing revealed a correlation between Wnt5a and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) signaling, which was confirmed by the use of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to reverse the effects of Wnt5a on BMSC neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, transplantation of Wnt5a-modified BMSCs into SCI rats effectively improved the histomorphology (Hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], Nissl and Luxol Fast Blue [LFB] staining), motor function scores (Footprint test and Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan [BBB]scores)and promoted neuron production, axonal formation, and remodeling of myelin sheaths (microtubule associated protein-2 [MAP-2], growth-associated protein 43 [GAP43], myelin basic protein [MBP]), while reducing astrocyte production (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]). Therefore, targeting the Wnt5a/PI3K/AKT pathway could enhance BMSC transplantation for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaolun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics (Joint Surgery), Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, 519015, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuzhen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanshun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunrui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiasheng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Wang Y, Brahma MM, Takahashi K, Hernandez ANB, Ichikawa K, Minami S, Goshima Y, Harada T, Ohshima T. Drug Treatment Attenuates Retinal Ganglion Cell Death by Inhibiting Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 Phosphorylation in Mouse Models of Normal Tension Glaucoma. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:13. [PMID: 38619671 PMCID: PMC11018674 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in glaucoma families. Typical glaucoma develops because of increased intraocular pressure (IOP), whereas NTG develops despite normal IOP. As a subtype of open-angle glaucoma, NTG is characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, gradual loss of axons, and injury to the optic nerve. The relationship between glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress has elicited great interest in NTG studies. We recently reported that suppressing collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) phosphorylation in S522A CRMP2 mutant (CRMP2 KIKI) mice inhibited RGC death in NTG mouse models. This study evaluated the impact of the natural compounds huperzine A (HupA) and naringenin (NAR), which have therapeutic effects against glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, on inhibiting CMRP2 phosphorylation in mice intravitreally injected with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and GLAST mutant mice. Results of the study demonstrated that HupA and NAR significantly reduced RGC degeneration and thinning of the inner retinal layer, and inhibited the elevated CRMP2 phosphorylation. These treatments protected against glutamate excitotoxicity and suppressed oxidative stress, which could provide insight into developing new effective therapeutic strategies for NTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebing Wang
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Musukha Mala Brahma
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | | | - Koki Ichikawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Syuntaro Minami
- Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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Pereiro X, Ruzafa N, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Acera A, Ambrósio AF, Santiago AR, Vecino E. Müller glial cells located in the peripheral retina are more susceptible to high pressure: implications for glaucoma. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:5. [PMID: 38183095 PMCID: PMC10770903 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. This study aims to elucidate the critical role of Müller glia (MG) in the context of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, particularly focusing on the influence of peripheral MG sensitivity to high pressure (HP). METHODS Co-cultures of porcine RGCs with MG were isolated from both the central and peripheral regions of pig retinas and subjected to both normal and HP conditions. Mass spectrometry analysis of the MG-conditioned medium was conducted to identify the proteins released by MG under all conditions. RESULTS Peripheral MG were found to secrete a higher quantity of neuroprotective factors, effectively promoting RGC survival under normal physiological conditions. However, under HP conditions, co-cultures with peripheral MG exhibited impaired RGC survival. Moreover, under HP conditions, peripheral MG significantly upregulated the secretion of proteins associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides robust evidence suggesting the involvement of MG in RGC death in glaucoma, thus paving the way for future therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra Pereiro
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Noelia Ruzafa
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehdProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehdProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Santiago
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Vecino
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Rada CC, Yuki K, Ding J, Kuo CJ. Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041191. [PMID: 36987582 PMCID: PMC10691497 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit is a dynamic microenvironment with tightly controlled signaling and transport coordinated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A properly functioning BBB allows sufficient movement of ions and macromolecules to meet the high metabolic demand of the central nervous system (CNS), while protecting the brain from pathogenic and noxious insults. This review describes the main cell types comprising the BBB and unique molecular signatures of these cells. Additionally, major signaling pathways for BBB development and maintenance are highlighted. Finally, we describe the pathophysiology of BBB diseases, their relationship to barrier dysfunction, and identify avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara C Rada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kanako Yuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Epiretinal Amniotic Membrane in Complicated Retinal Detachment: a Clinical and In Vitro Safety Assessment. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1635-1648. [PMID: 36905569 PMCID: PMC10164220 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amniotic membrane (AM) is a popular treatment for external ocular diseases. First intraocular implantations in other diseases reported promising results. Here, we review three cases of intravitreal epiretinal human AM (iehAM) transplantation as an adjunct treatment for complicated retinal detachment and analyze clinical safety. Possible cellular rejection reactions against the explanted iehAM were evaluated and its influence was assessed on three retinal cell lines in vitro. METHODS Three patients with complicated retinal detachment and implanted iehAM during pars plana vitrectomy are retrospectively presented. After removal of the iehAM at subsequent surgery, tissue-specific cellular responses were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. We investigated the influence of AM in vitro on retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), Müller cells (Mio-M1), and differentiated retinal neuroblasts (661W) . An anti-histone DNA ELISA for cell apoptosis, a BrdU ELISA for cell proliferation, a WST-1 assay for cell viability, and a live/dead assay for cell death were performed. RESULTS Despite the severity of the retinal detachment, stable clinical outcomes were obtained in all three cases. Immunostaining of the explanted iehAM showed no evidence of cellular immunological rejection. In vitro, there was no statistical significant change in cell death or cell viability nor were proliferative effects detected on ARPE-19, Müller cells, and retinal neuroblasts exposed to AM. CONCLUSION iehAM was a viable adjuvant with many potential benefits for treatment of complicated retinal detachment. Our investigations could not detect any signs of rejection reactions or toxicity. Further studies are needed to evaluate this potential in more detail.
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Palazzo I, Kelly L, Koenig L, Fischer AJ. Patterns of NFkB activation resulting from damage, reactive microglia, cytokines, and growth factors in the mouse retina. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114233. [PMID: 36174748 PMCID: PMC9722628 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Müller glia are a cellular source for neuronal regeneration in vertebrate retinas. However, the capacity for retinal regeneration varies widely across species. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the reprogramming of Müller glia into progenitor cells is key to reversing the loss of vision that occurs with retinal diseases. In the mammalian retina, NFkB signaling promotes glial reactivity and represses the reprogramming of Müller glia into progenitor cells. Here we investigate different cytokines, growth factors, cell signaling pathways, and damage paradigms that influence NFkB-signaling in the mouse retina. We find that exogenous TNF and IL1β potently activate NFkB-signaling in Müller glia in undamaged retinas, and this activation is independent of microglia. By comparison, TLR1/2 agonist indirectly activates NFkB-signaling in Müller glia, and this activation depends on the presence of microglia as Tlr2 is predominantly expressed by microglia, but not other types of retinal cells. Exogenous FGF2 did not activate NFkB-signaling, whereas CNTF, Osteopontin, WNT4, or inhibition of GSK3β activated NFkB in Müller glia in the absence of neuronal damage. By comparison, dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid agonist, suppressed NFkB-signaling in Müller glia in damaged retinas, in addition to reducing numbers of dying cells and the accumulation of reactive microglia. Although NMDA-induced retinal damage activated NFkB in Müller glia, optic nerve crush had no effect on NFkB activation within the retina, whereas glial cells within the optic nerve were responsive. We conclude that the NFkB pathway is activated in retinal Müller glia in response to many different cell signaling pathways, and activation often depends on signals produced by reactive microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Palazzo
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lisa Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Koenig
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Andy J Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
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Huang L, Sun X, Wang L, Pei G, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Liang Z, Wang D, Fu C, He C, Wei Q. Enhanced effect of combining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) to promote recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e160. [PMID: 35949547 PMCID: PMC9350428 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive traumatic disease of the central nervous system without satisfying therapy efficiency. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) therapy promotes the neurotrophic factors' secretion and axonal regeneration, thereby promoting recovery of SCI. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) therapy has been proven to promote neural growth and regeneration. Both BMMSCs and PEMF have shown curative effects for SCI; PEMF can further promote stem cell differentiation. Thus, we explored the combined effects of BMMSCs and PEMF and the potential interaction between these two therapies in SCI. Compared with the SCI control, BMMSCs, and PEMF groups, the combinational therapy displayed the best therapeutic effect. Combinational therapy increased the expression levels of nutritional factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factors (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), enhanced neuron preservation (NeuN and NF-200), and increased axonal growth (MBP and myelin sheath). Additionally, PEMF promoted the expression levels of BDNF and VEGF in BMMSCs via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, the combined therapy of BMMSCs and PEMF displayed a more satisfactory effect than BMMSCs and PEMF therapy alone, indicating a promising application of combined therapy for the therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Xin Sun
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Gaiqing Pei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Zejun Liang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Chenying Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
- Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Chengqi He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceSichuan UniversityChengduPR China
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Sisk RA, Miraldi-Utz V, Schwartz TL, Hufnagel RB, Ahmed ZM. Long-Term Anatomic and Visual Outcomes of Planned Preterm Delivery and Treatment of Norrie Disease. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022; 53:464-467. [PMID: 35951720 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20220706-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that planned preterm delivery at 34 weeks gestational age provided an opportunity to treat Norrie disease in the vasoproliferative phase, prevented infantile retinal detachment, and preserved functional vision without further treatment after infancy. Although retinal vascularization did not proceed postnatally, after 8 years of follow-up, the retinas remained attached, and rudimentary foveal development was observed by optical coherence tomography. Best corrected visual acuity gradually improved to 20/80 with both eyes, and visual fields and real-world visual performance were remarkably functional. Global development progressed appropriately, and no long-term sequelae of premature delivery were observed. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022;53:464-467.].
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Ma C, Yao MD, Han XY, Shi ZH, Yan B, Du JL. Silencing of circular RNA‑ZYG11B exerts a neuroprotective effect against retinal neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:106. [PMID: 35730627 PMCID: PMC9239035 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic retinal diseases are the major cause of vision impairment worldwide. Currently, there are no available treatments for ischemia‑induced retinal neurodegeneration. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of several biological processes and human diseases. The present study investigated the role of circRNA‑ZYG11B (circZYG11B; hsa_circ_0003739) in retinal neurodegeneration. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) demonstrated that circZYG11B expression was markedly increased during retinal neurodegeneration in vivo and in vitro. Cell Counting Kit‑8, TUNEL and caspase‑3 activity assays revealed that silencing of circZYG11B was able to protect against oxidative stress‑ or hypoxic stress‑induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that silencing of circZYG11B alleviated ischemia/reperfusion‑induced retinal neurodegeneration, as indicated by reduced RGC injury and decreased retinal reactive gliosis. In addition, luciferase reporter, biotin‑coupled miRNA capture and RNA immunoprecipitation assays revealed that circZYG11B could regulate RGC function through circZYG11B/microRNA‑620/PTEN signaling. Clinically, RT‑qPCR assays demonstrated that circZYG11B expression was markedly increased in the aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma. In conclusion, circZYG11B may be considered a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of retinal ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Di Yao
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Han
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Hui Shi
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Xia Q, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Regulations of Retinal Inflammation: Focusing on Müller Glia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898652. [PMID: 35573676 PMCID: PMC9091449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation underlies multiple prevalent retinal diseases. While microglia are one of the most studied cell types regarding retinal inflammation, growing evidence shows that Müller glia play critical roles in the regulation of retinal inflammation. Müller glia express various receptors for cytokines and release cytokines to regulate inflammation. Müller glia are part of the blood-retinal barrier and interact with microglia in the inflammatory responses. The unique metabolic features of Müller glia in the retina makes them vital for retinal homeostasis maintenance, regulating retinal inflammation by lipid metabolism, purine metabolism, iron metabolism, trophic factors, and antioxidants. miRNAs in Müller glia regulate inflammatory responses via different mechanisms and potentially regulate retinal regeneration. Novel therapies are explored targeting Müller glia for inflammatory retinal diseases treatment. Here we review new findings regarding the roles of Müller glia in retinal inflammation and discuss the related novel therapies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Xia
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Meixia Zhang,
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Gong Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Shen S, Xu Q, Zhao H, Shang J, Li W, Wang Y, Chen J, Liu X, Zheng QY. Endolymphatic Hydrop Phenotype in Familial Norrie Disease Caused by Large Fragment Deletion of NDP. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:771328. [PMID: 35517050 PMCID: PMC9062296 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.771328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Norrie disease (ND; OMIM 310600), a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder, is characterized by congenital blindness and occasionally, sensorineural hearing loss, and developmental delay. The congenital blindness of ND patients is almost untreatable; thus, hearing is particularly important for them. However, the mechanism of hearing loss of ND patients is unclear, and no good treatment is available except wearing hearing-aid. Therefore, revealing the mechanism of hearing loss in ND patients and exploring effective treatment methods are greatly important. In addition, as a serious monogenic genetic disease, convenient gene identification method is important for ND patients and their family members, as well as prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis to block intergenerational transmission of pathogenic genes. In this study, a Norrie family with two male patients was reported. This pedigree was ND caused by large fragment deletion of NDP (norrin cystine knot growth factor NDP) gene. In addition to typical severe ophthalmologic and audiologic defects, the patients showed new pathological features of endolymphatic hydrops (EH), and they also showed acoustic nerves abnormal as described in a very recent report. PCR methods were developed to analyze and diagnose the variation of the family members. This study expands the understanding of the clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of ND and provides a new idea for the treatment of patients in this family and a convenient method for the genetic screen for this ND family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Institute of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Hongchun Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Chen,
| | - Xiuzhen Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Xiuzhen Liu,
| | - Qing Yin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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12
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Jha NK, Chen WC, Kumar S, Dubey R, Tsai LW, Kar R, Jha SK, Gupta PK, Sharma A, Gundamaraju R, Pant K, Mani S, Singh SK, Maccioni RB, Datta T, Singh SK, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K, Dey A, Sharma C, Mughal YH, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Ojha S. Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review. Open Biol 2022; 12:210289. [PMID: 35291879 PMCID: PMC8924757 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rohan Kar
- Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), Gujarat 380015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand, 248002 Dehradun, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Tirtharaj Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, 302017 Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasir Hayat Mughal
- Department of Health Administration, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Bryant D, Pauzuolyte V, Ingham NJ, Patel A, Pagarkar W, Anderson LA, Smith KE, Moulding DA, Leong YC, Jafree DJ, Long DA, Al-Yassin A, Steel KP, Jagger DJ, Forge A, Berger W, Sowden JC, Bitner-Glindzicz M. The timing of auditory sensory deficits in Norrie disease has implications for therapeutic intervention. JCI Insight 2022; 7:148586. [PMID: 35132964 PMCID: PMC8855802 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Norrie disease is caused by mutation of the NDP gene, presenting as congenital blindness followed by later onset of hearing loss. Protecting patients from hearing loss is critical for maintaining their quality of life. This study aimed to understand the onset of pathology in cochlear structure and function. By investigating patients and juvenile Ndp-mutant mice, we elucidated the sequence of onset of physiological changes (in auditory brainstem responses, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, endocochlear potential, blood-labyrinth barrier integrity) and determined the cellular, histological, and ultrastructural events leading to hearing loss. We found that cochlear vascular pathology occurs earlier than previously reported and precedes sensorineural hearing loss. The work defines a disease mechanism whereby early malformation of the cochlear microvasculature precedes loss of vessel integrity and decline of endocochlear potential, leading to hearing loss and hair cell death while sparing spiral ganglion cells. This provides essential information on events defining the optimal therapeutic window and indicates that early intervention is needed. In an era of advancing gene therapy and small-molecule technologies, this study establishes Ndp-mutant mice as a platform to test such interventions and has important implications for understanding the progression of hearing loss in Norrie disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Bryant
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valda Pauzuolyte
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Ingham
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aara Patel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waheeda Pagarkar
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy A Anderson
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Smith
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dale A Moulding
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yeh C Leong
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniyal J Jafree
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom.,UCL MB/PhD Programme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Long
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amina Al-Yassin
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen P Steel
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Jagger
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Forge
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jane C Sowden
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Bitner-Glindzicz
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Tworig JM, Feller MB. Müller Glia in Retinal Development: From Specification to Circuit Integration. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:815923. [PMID: 35185477 PMCID: PMC8856507 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.815923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Müller glia of the retina share many features with astroglia located throughout the brain including maintenance of homeostasis, modulation of neurotransmitter spillover, and robust response to injury. Here we present the molecular factors and signaling events that govern Müller glial specification, patterning, and differentiation. Next, we discuss the various roles of Müller glia in retinal development, which include maintaining retinal organization and integrity as well as promoting neuronal survival, synaptogenesis, and phagocytosis of debris. Finally, we review the mechanisms by which Müller glia integrate into retinal circuits and actively participate in neuronal signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Tworig
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Joshua M. Tworig,
| | - Marla B. Feller
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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15
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Norrie disease protein is essential for cochlear hair cell maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106369118. [PMID: 34544869 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106369118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for Norrie disease protein (Ndp) cause syndromic deafness and blindness. We show here that cochlear function in an Ndp knockout mouse deteriorated with age: At P3-P4, hair cells (HCs) showed progressive loss of Pou4f3 and Gfi1, key transcription factors for HC maturation, and Myo7a, a specialized myosin required for normal function of HC stereocilia. Loss of expression of these genes correlated to increasing HC loss and profound hearing loss by 2 mo. We show that overexpression of the Ndp gene in neonatal supporting cells or, remarkably, up-regulation of canonical Wnt signaling in HCs rescued HCs and cochlear function. We conclude that Ndp secreted from supporting cells orchestrates a transcriptional network for the maintenance and survival of HCs and that increasing the level of β-catenin, the intracellular effector of Wnt signaling, is sufficient to replace the functional requirement for Ndp in the cochlea.
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16
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Zhou Y, Shapiro MJ, Burton BK, Mets MB, Kurup SP. Case report: A case of Norrie disease due to deletion of the entire coding region of NDP gene. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021; 23:101151. [PMID: 34189345 PMCID: PMC8220341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2021.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Norrie disease is a rare X-linked recessive vitreoretinopathy. Variants of the NDP gene are associated with this condition. This case reports aims to demonstrate the variations of clinical presentations and exam findings of this disease. Observations A retrospective chart review of the patient's ocular and systemic findings and imaging results was performed. The patient had received genetic testing, including mutational analysis of targeted genes associated with retrolental masses. The patient had a comprehensive eye exam for bilateral leukocoria, demonstrating large retrolental masses, anterior polar cataracts, stretched ciliary processes, and roving eye movements. B-scan ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated total, funnel-shaped retinal detachments, which is a unique retinal configuration in Norrie disease. Genetic testing confirmed deletion of the coding region of all three exons in the NDP gene, which confirmed Norrie disease. He has not shown any extraocular involvement to date. Conclusions and Importance This is a case demonstrating the association between deletion of the coding region NDP gene and Norrie disease. The phenotypical variation of this disease warrants further studies of genotype-phenotype correlations and mutations of the NDP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhou
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michael J Shapiro
- Retina Consultants, Ltd., 2454 E Dempster St Ste 400, Des Plaines, IL, 60016, USA
| | - Barbara K Burton
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marilyn B Mets
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N Michigan Ave, Suite 440, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sudhi P Kurup
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 N Michigan Ave, Suite 440, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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17
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Kassumeh S, Priglinger SG, Ohlmann A. Norrin mediates opposing effects on tumor progression of glioblastoma stem cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2814-2815. [PMID: 32391807 DOI: 10.1172/jci137254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common human brain cancer entity and is maintained by a glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) subpopulation. In this issue of the JCI, El-Sehemy and colleagues explored the effects that Norrin, a well-characterized activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, had on tumor growth. Norrin inhibited cell growth via β-catenin signaling in GSCs that had low expression levels of the transcription factor ASCL1. However, Norrin had the opposite effect in GSCs with high ASCL1 expression levels. The modulation of Norrin expression, with respect to high or low ASCL1 levels in GSCs, significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo, and subsequently increased the survival rate of mice. Notably, Norrin mediates enhanced tumor growth of glioblastomas by activating the Notch pathway. This study clarifies the opposing effects of Norrin on glioblastoma tumor growth and provides potential therapeutic targets for glioblastoma treatment.
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18
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Fudalej E, Justyniarska M, Kasarełło K, Dziedziak J, Szaflik JP, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Neuroprotective Factors of the Retina and Their Role in Promoting Survival of Retinal Ganglion Cells: A Review. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:345-355. [PMID: 33454713 DOI: 10.1159/000514441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) play a crucial role in the visual pathway. As their axons form the optic nerve, apoptosis of these cells causes neurodegenerative vision loss. RGC death could be triggered by increased intraocular pressure, advanced glycation end products, or mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the role of some neuroprotective factors in RGC injury: ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, pigment epithelium-derived factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and Norrin. Each, in their own unique way, prevents RGC damage caused by glaucoma, ocular hypertension, ischemic neuropathy, and even oxygen-induced retinopathy. These factors are produced mainly by neurons, leukocytes, glial cells, and epithelial cells. Neuroprotective factors act via various signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, MAPK, TrkA, and TrkB, which promotes RGC survival. Many attempts have been made to develop therapeutic strategies using these factors. There are ongoing clinical trials with CNTF and NGF, but they have not yet been accepted for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Fudalej
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Justyniarska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kaja Kasarełło
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,
| | - Jacek Dziedziak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek P Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Kassumeh S, Weber GR, Nobl M, Priglinger SG, Ohlmann A. The neuroprotective role of Wnt signaling in the retina. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1524-1528. [PMID: 33433466 PMCID: PMC8323680 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been shown to play a major role during embryonic development and maturation of the central nervous system including the retina. It has a significant impact on retinal vessel formation and maturation, as well as on the establishment of synaptic structures and neuronal function in the central nervous system. Mutations in components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade may lead to severe retinal diseases, while dysregulation of Wnt signaling can contribute to disease progression. Apart from the angiogenic role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, research in the last decades leads to the theory of a protective effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on damaged neurons. In this review, we focus on the neuroprotective properties of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as well as its downstream signaling in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kassumeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor R Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Nobl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried G Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany
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20
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Transplantation of Wnt5a-modified NSCs promotes tissue repair and locomotor functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:2020-2033. [PMID: 33311637 PMCID: PMC8080632 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are insufficient to repair locomotor function because of the failure of axonal reconnection and neuronal regeneration in the injured central nervous system (CNS). Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been considered a potential strategy and is generally feasible for repairing the neural circuit after SCI; however, the most formidable problem is that the neuronal differentiation rate of NSCs is quite limited. Therefore, it is essential to induce the neuronal differentiation of NSCs and improve the differentiation rate of NSCs in spinal cord repair. Our results demonstrate that both Wnt5a and miRNA200b-3p could promote NSC differentiation into neurons and that Wnt5a upregulated miRNA200b-3p expression through MAPK/JNK signaling to promote NSC differentiation into neurons. Wnt5a could reduce RhoA expression by upregulating miRNA200b-3p expression to inhibit activation of the RhoA/Rock signaling pathway, which has been reported to suppress neuronal differentiation. Overexpression of RhoA abolished the neurogenic capacity of Wnt5a and miRNA200b-3p. In vivo, miRNA200b-3p was critical for Wnt5a-induced NSC differentiation into neurons to promote motor functional and histological recovery after SCI by suppressing RhoA/Rock signaling. These findings provide more insight into SCI and help with the identification of novel treatment strategies. Incorporating key molecules into neural stem cells enhances their ability to differentiate correctly and promote repair following spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injuries can have a debilitating effect on patients’ lives, yet there are no therapies that fully restore movement and sensation. Therapies based on neural stem cells (NSCs) show promise, but initial studies show many NSCs differentiate into astrocytes, supportive cells that do not conduct nerve impulses, instead of neurons, leading to treatment failure. Yong Wan and Le Wang at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, and co-workers demonstrated that adding a protein called Wnt5a and a specific microRNA molecule to NSCs significantly increases differentiation into neurons. Wnt5a suppresses a signalling pathway that otherwise interferes with NSC differentiation. Experiments on rat models showed that the therapy improved locomotor function and tissue repair after injury.
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21
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Yilmaz EN, Bay S, Ozturk G, Ucisik MH. Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin-Loaded Emulsomes in a Laser Axotomy-Induced CNS Injury Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9211-9229. [PMID: 33244233 PMCID: PMC7685369 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the rhizomes of turmeric, holds great potential as a neuroprotective agent in addition to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. The poor bioavailability and low stability of curcumin are the greatest barriers to its clinical use. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of curcumin on axonal injury, by delivering the lipophilic polyphenol to a primary hippocampal neuron culture by means of a lipid-based drug delivery system, named emulsomes. METHODS To study neuroregeneration ex vivo, an injury model was established through single-cell laser axotomy on hippocampal neurites. Upon treatment with curcumin-loaded emulsomes (CurcuEmulsomes), curcumin and CurcuEmulsome uptake into neurons was verified by three-dimensional Z-stack images acquired with confocal microscopy. Neuron survival after axonal injury was tracked by propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst staining. Alterations in expression levels of physiological markers, such as anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2, apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3, neuroprotective marker Wnt3a and the neuronal survival marker mTOR, were investigated by immunocytochemistry analyses. RESULTS The results indicated significant improvement in the survival rate of injured neurons upon CurcuEmulsome treatment. Bcl2 expression was significantly higher for injured neurons treated with curcumin or CurcuEmulsome. Reduction in caspase 3 expression was seen in both curcumin and CurcuEmulsome treatment, whereas there were no significant changes in Wnt3a and mTOR expression. CONCLUSION The established laser-axotomy model was proven as a reliable methodology to study neurodegenerative models ex vivo. CurcuEmulsomes delivered curcumin to primary hippocampal neurons successfully. Treated with CurcuEmulsomes, injured hippocampal neurons benefit from the neuroprotective effects of curcumin, exhibiting a higher survival rate and increased anti-apoptotic marker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Yilmaz
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadik Bay
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gurkan Ozturk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Liu B, Liu YJ. Carvedilol Promotes Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival Following Optic Nerve Injury via ASK1-p38 MAPK Pathway. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:695-704. [PMID: 31577210 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191002095456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carvedilol, which is considered as a nonselective β-adrenoreceptor blocker, has many pleiotropic activities. It also causes great impact on neuroprotection because of its antioxidant ability, which suggested that carvedilol may be effective in protecting RGCs from increased oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of carvedilol on preventing Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) death in a mouse model of Optic Nerve Injury (ONI). METHODS C57BL/6J mice were subjected to Optic Nerve Injury (ONI) model and treated with carvedilol or placebo. Histological and morphometric studies were performed; the RGC number, the amount of neurons in the ganglion cell layer and the thickness of the Inner Retinal Layer (IRL) was quantified. The average thickness of Ganglion Cell Complex (GCC) was determined by the Spectral- Domain OCT (SD-OCT) assay. Immunohistochemistry, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were also applied. RESULTS Daily treatment of carvedilol reduced RGC death following ONI, and in vivo retinal imaging revealed that carvedilol can effectively prevent retinal degeneration. The expression of chemokines important for micorglia recruitment was deceased with carvedilol ingestion and the accumulation of retinal microglia is reduced consequently. In addition, the ONI-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the retina was inhibited with carvedilol treatment in the retina. We also discovered that carvedilol suppressed ONI-induced activation of Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase-1 (ASK1) and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that carvedilol can stimulate neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, and may be useful for treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Vitreoretina, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Jia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
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23
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Apaolaza PS, Busch M, Asin-Prieto E, Peynshaert K, Rathod R, Remaut K, Dünker N, Göpferich A. Hyaluronic acid coating of gold nanoparticles for intraocular drug delivery: Evaluation of the surface properties and effect on their distribution. Exp Eye Res 2020; 198:108151. [PMID: 32721426 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the unique anatomical structure of the eye, ocular drug delivery is a promising delivery route for the treatment of several ocular diseases, such as the ocular neovascularization that contributes to diabetic retinopathy. This disease is triggered by inflammation, retinal ischemia, and/or deposits of advanced-glycation end-products (AGEs), as well as increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukins, or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gold has unique antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties and can inhibit angiogenic molecules. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are not only biocompatible, they are easy to synthesize, they absorb and scatter visible light, and they can be made with precise control over size and shape. GNPs are an excellent candidate for ocular drug delivery because they can be conjugated to an extraordinarily diverse array of different biomolecules, and surface functionalization can improve the mobility of GNPs across the physiological barriers of the eye, such as the vitreous humour or the inner limiting membrane. For this purpose, we employed low molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) to increase the mobility of the nanoparticles as well as target them to HA receptors that are expressed in different cells of the eye. In this study, the combination of gold and HA enhanced the stability of the whole carrier and promoted their distribution across ocular tissues and barriers to reach the retina. Moreover, analysis in vitro, ex vivo, and in ovo revealed the protective and antiangiogenic effect of GNPs as inhibitors of AGEs-mediated- retinal pigment epithelial cell death and neovascularization. We demonstrated that conjugation with HA enhances GNP stability and distribution due to a specific CD44 receptor interaction. The capacity of HA-GNPs to distribute through the vitreous humour and their avidity for the deeper retinal layers ex vivo, suggest that HA-GNPs are a promising delivery system for the treatment of ocular neovascularization and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Apaolaza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Busch
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - E Asin-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - K Peynshaert
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Rathod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K Remaut
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Dünker
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - A Göpferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Shu XS, Zhu H, Huang X, Yang Y, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Ying Y. Loss of β-catenin via activated GSK3β causes diabetic retinal neurodegeneration by instigating a vicious cycle of oxidative stress-driven mitochondrial impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13437-13462. [PMID: 32575075 PMCID: PMC7377872 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the earliest event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Our previous study proposed that impairment of mitochondrial trafficking by hyperphosphorylated tau is a potential contributor to RGCs synapse degeneration. However, other molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial defect in diabetic retinal neurodegeneration remain to be elucidated. Here, using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mouse model, we showed for the first time that downregulation of active β-catenin due to abnormal GSK3β activation caused synaptic neurodegeneration of RGCs by inhibiting ROS scavenging enzymes, thus triggering oxidative stress-driven mitochondrial impairment in HFD-induced diabetes. Rescue of β-catenin via ectopic expression of β-catenin with a recombinant adenoviral vector, or via GSK3β inhibition by a targeted si-GSK3β, through intravitreal administration, abrogated the oxidative stress-derived mitochondrial defect and synaptic neurodegeneration in diabetic RGCs. By contrast, ablation of β-catenin by si-β-catenin abolished the protective effect of GSK3β inhibition on diabetic RGCs by suppression of antioxidant scavengers and augmentation of oxidative stress-driven mitochondrial lesion. Thus, our data identify β-catenin as a part of an endogenous protective system in diabetic RGCs and a promising target to develop intervention strategies that protect RGCs from neurodegeneration at early onset of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Sheng Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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25
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Boesl F, Drexler K, Müller B, Seitz R, Weber GR, Priglinger SG, Fuchshofer R, Tamm ER, Ohlmann A. Endogenous Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Müller cells protects retinal ganglion cells from excitotoxic damage. Mol Vis 2020; 26:135-149. [PMID: 32180679 PMCID: PMC7058433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze whether activation of endogenous wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling in Müller cells is involved in protection of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following excitotoxic damage. Methods Transgenic mice with a tamoxifen-dependent β-catenin deficiency in Müller cells were injected with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into the vitreous cavity of one eye to induce excitotoxic damage of the RGCs, while the contralateral eye received PBS only. Retinal damage was quantified by counting the total number of RGC axons in cross sections of optic nerves and measuring the thickness of the retinal layers on meridional sections. Then, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to identify apoptotic cells in retinas of both genotypes. Western blot analyses to assess the level of retinal β-catenin and real-time RT-PCR to quantify the retinal expression of neuroprotective factors were performed. Results Following NMDA injection of wild-type mice, a statistically significant increase in retinal β-catenin protein levels was observed compared to PBS-injected controls, an effect that was blocked in mice with a Müller cell-specific β-catenin deficiency. Furthermore, in mice with a β-catenin deficiency in Müller cells, NMDA injection led to a statistically significant decrease in RGC axons as well as a substantial increase in TUNEL-positive cells in the RGC layer compared to the NMDA-treated controls. Moreover, in the retinas of the control mice a NMDA-mediated statistically significant induction of leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) mRNA was detected, an effect that was substantially reduced in mice with a β-catenin deficiency in Müller cells. Conclusions Endogenous Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Müller cells protects RGCs against excitotoxic damage, an effect that is most likely mediated via the induction of neuroprotective factors, such as Lif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Boesl
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Drexler
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Müller
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roswitha Seitz
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gregor R. Weber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried G. Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Fuchshofer
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst R. Tamm
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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Díaz-Coránguez M, Lin CM, Liebner S, Antonetti DA. Norrin restores blood-retinal barrier properties after vascular endothelial growth factor-induced permeability. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4647-4660. [PMID: 32086377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contributes to blood-retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction in several blinding eye diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. Signaling via the secreted protein norrin through the frizzled class receptor 4 (FZD4)/LDL receptor-related protein 5-6 (LRP5-6)/tetraspanin 12 (TSPAN12) receptor complex is required for developmental vascularization and BRB formation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that norrin restores BRB properties after VEGF-induced vascular permeability in diabetic rats or in animals intravitreally injected with cytokines. Intravitreal co-injection of norrin with VEGF completely ablated VEGF-induced BRB permeability to Evans Blue-albumin. Likewise, 5-month diabetic rats exhibited increased permeability of FITC-albumin, and a single norrin injection restored BRB properties. These results were corroborated in vitro, where co-stimulation of norrin with VEGF or stimulation of norrin after VEGF exposure restored barrier properties, indicated by electrical resistance or 70-kDa RITC-dextran permeability in primary endothelial cell culture. Interestingly, VEGF promoted norrin signaling by increasing the FZD4 co-receptor TSPAN12 at cell membranes in an MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)/ERK-dependent manner. Norrin signaling through β-catenin was required for BRB restoration, but glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK-3α/β) inhibition did not restore BRB properties. Moreover, levels of the tight junction protein claudin-5 were increased with norrin and VEGF or with VEGF alone, but both norrin and VEGF were required for enriched claudin-5 localization at the tight junction. These results suggest that VEGF simultaneously induces vascular permeability and promotes responsiveness to norrin. Norrin, in turn, restores tight junction complex organization and BRB properties in a β-catenin-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Díaz-Coránguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Cheng-Mao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60538 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A Antonetti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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27
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Phosphatidylserine recognition and Rac1 activation are required for Müller glia proliferation, gliosis and phagocytosis after retinal injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1488. [PMID: 32001733 PMCID: PMC6992786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glia, the principal glial cell type in the retina, have the potential to reenter the cell cycle after retinal injury. In mammals, proliferation of Müller glia is followed by gliosis, but not regeneration of neurons. Retinal injury is also accompanied by phagocytic removal of degenerated cells. We here investigated the possibility that proliferation and gliosis of Müller glia and phagocytosis of degenerated cells may be regulated by the same molecular pathways. After N-methyl-N–nitrosourea-induced retinal injury, degenerated photoreceptors were eliminated prior to the infiltration of microglia/macrophages into the outer nuclear layer, almost in parallel with cell cycle reentry of Müller glia. Inhibition of microglia/macrophage activation with minocycline did not affect the photoreceptor clearance. Accumulation of lysosomes and rhodopsin-positive photoreceptor debris within the cytoplasm of Müller glia indicated that Müller glia phagocytosed most photoreceptor debris. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylserine and Rac1, key regulators of the phagocytic pathway, prevented cell cycle reentry, migration, upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein, and phagocytic activity of Müller glia. These data provide evidence that phosphatidylserine and Rac1 may contribute to the crosstalk between different signaling pathways activated in Müller glia after injury.
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28
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Norrin Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells from Excitotoxic Damage via the Induction of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020277. [PMID: 31979254 PMCID: PMC7072268 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether and how leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) is involved in mediating the neuroprotective effects of Norrin on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) following excitotoxic damage. Norrin is a secreted protein that protects RGC from N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated excitotoxic damage, which is accompanied by increased expression of protective factors such as Lif, Edn2 and Fgf2. METHODS Lif-deficient mice were injected with NMDA in one eye and NMDA plus Norrin into the other eye. RGC damage was investigated and quantified by TUNEL labeling 24 h after injection. Retinal mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction following retinal treatment. RESULTS After intravitreal injection of NMDA and Norrin in wild-type mice approximately 50% less TUNEL positive cells were observed in the RGC layer when compared to NMDA-treated littermates, an effect which was lost in Lif-deficient mice. The mRNA expression for Gfap, a marker for Müller cell gliosis, as well as Edn2 and Fgf2 was induced in wild-type mice following NMDA/Norrin treatment but substantially blocked in Lif-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Norrin mediates its protective properties on RGC via Lif, which is required to enhance Müller cell gliosis and to induce protective factors such as Edn2 or Fgf2.
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Li X, Peng Z, Long L, Tuo Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Le W, Wan Y. Wnt4-modified NSC transplantation promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. FASEB J 2020; 34:82-94. [PMID: 31914702 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901478rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe motor and sensory dysfunction, yet there are no effective therapies currently due to the failure of reconstructing the interruption of the neuroanatomical circuit. While neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been considered a potential strategy to repair the neural circuit after SCI, the efficacy of this strategy remains unproven. The main reason is that most of the transplanted NSC differentiates into astrocyte rather than neuron in the microenvironment of SCI. Our results demonstrated that Wnt4 significantly promotes the differentiation of NSC into neuron by activating both β-catenin and MAPK/JNK pathways and suppressing the activation of Notch signaling, which is acknowledged as prevention of NSC differentiation into neuron, through downregulating NICD expression, translocating and preventing the combination of NICD and RbpJ in nucleus. In addition, Wnt4 rescues the negative effect of Jagged, the ligand of Notch signaling, to promote neuronal differentiation. Moreover, in vivo study, transplantation of Wnt4-modified NSC efficaciously repairs the injured spinal cord and recovers the motor function of hind limbs after SCI. This study sheds new light into mechanisms that Wnt4-modified NSC transplantation is sufficient to repair the injured spinal cord and recover the motor dysfunction after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingli Long
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tuo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Le
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
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Wnt Receptor Frizzled-4 as a Marker for Isolation of Enteric Neural Progenitors in Human Children. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080792. [PMID: 31366044 PMCID: PMC6721585 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and isolation of neural progenitor cells from the human enteric nervous system (ENS) is currently hampered by the lack of reliable, specific markers. Here, we define the Wnt-receptor frizzled-4 as a marker for the isolation of enteric neural progenitor cells derived from paediatric gut samples. We show that the Wnt-receptor frizzled-4 is expressed in the human colon and in Tunica muscularis-derived enterospheres. To obtain a purified culture, we carried out fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using PE-conjugated frizzled-4 antibodies. Frizzled-4positive cells gave rise to neurosphere-like bodies and ultimately differentiated into neurons as revealed by BrdU-proliferation assays and immunocytochemistry, whereas in frizzled-4negative cultures we did not detect any neuronal and glial cells. By using a patch-clamp approach, we also demonstrated the expression of functional sodium and potassium channels in frizzled-4positive cell cultures after differentiation in vitro.
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31
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Koschade SE, Koch MA, Braunger BM, Tamm ER. Efficient determination of axon number in the optic nerve: A stereological approach. Exp Eye Res 2019; 186:107710. [PMID: 31254512 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the number of axons in the optic nerve is of interest in many research questions. Here, we show that a stereological method allows simple, efficient, precise and unbiased determination of the total axon number in the murine optic nerve. Axons in semi-thin optic nerve cross sections from untreated eyes (n = 21) and eyes subjected to retinal damage by intravitreous NMDA injections (n = 32) or PBS controls (n = 5) were manually identified, counted and digitally labeled by hand. A stereological procedure was empirically tested with systematic combinations of different sampling methods (simple random sampling without replacement, systematic uniform random sampling, stratified random sampling) and sampling parameters. Extensive numerical Monte Carlo experiments were performed to evaluate their large-sample properties. Our results demonstrate reliable determination of total axon number and superior performance compared to other methods at a small fraction of the time required for a full manual count. We specify suitable sampling parameters for the adoption of an efficient stereological sampling scheme, give empirical estimates of the additionally introduced sampling variance to facilitate experimental planning, and offer AxonCounter, an easy-to-use plugin implementing these stereological methods for the multi-platform image processing application NIH ImageJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian E Koschade
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara M Braunger
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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32
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le Riche A, Aberdam E, Marchand L, Frank E, Jahoda C, Petit I, Bordes S, Closs B, Aberdam D. Extracellular Vesicles from Activated Dermal Fibroblasts Stimulate Hair Follicle Growth Through Dermal Papilla-Secreted Norrin. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1166-1175. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alizée le Riche
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
- SILAB R&D Department; Brive France
| | - Edith Aberdam
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
| | | | - Elie Frank
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
| | - Colin Jahoda
- Department of Biosciences; Durham University; Durham United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Petit
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
| | | | | | - Daniel Aberdam
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université de Paris; Brive France
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Madaan A, Chaudhari P, Nadeau-Vallée M, Hamel D, Zhu T, Mitchell G, Samuels M, Pundir S, Dabouz R, Howe Cheng CW, Mohammad Nezhady MA, Joyal JS, Rivera JC, Chemtob S. Müller Cell-Localized G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 81 (Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1) Regulates Inner Retinal Vasculature via Norrin/Wnt Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1878-1896. [PMID: 31220454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic retinopathies are characterized by a progressive microvascular degeneration followed by a postischemic aberrant neovascularization. To reinstate vascular supply and metabolic equilibrium to the ischemic tissue during ischemic retinopathies, a dysregulated production of growth factors and metabolic intermediates occurs, promoting retinal angiogenesis. Glycolysis-derived lactate, highly produced during ischemic conditions, has been associated with tumor angiogenesis and wound healing. Lactate exerts its biological effects via G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) in several tissues; however, its physiological functions and mechanisms of action in the retina remain poorly understood. Herein, we show that GPR81, localized predominantly in Müller cells, governs deep vascular complex formation during development and in ischemic retinopathy. Lactate-stimulated GPR81 Müller cells produce numerous angiogenic factors, including Wnt ligands and particularly Norrin, which contributes significantly in triggering inner retinal blood vessel formation. Conversely, GPR81-null mice retina shows reduced inner vascular network formation associated with low levels of Norrin (and Wnt ligands). Lactate accumulation during ischemic retinopathy selectively activates GPR81-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-Norrin signaling to accelerate inner retinal vascularization in wild-type animals, but not in the retina of GPR81-null mice. Altogether, we reveal that lactate via GPR81-Norrin participates in inner vascular network development and in restoration of the vasculature in response to injury. These findings suggest a new potential therapeutic target to alleviate ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Madaan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Prabhas Chaudhari
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Nadeau-Vallée
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Hamel
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tang Zhu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grant Mitchell
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Samuels
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheetal Pundir
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rabah Dabouz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Colin Wayne Howe Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad A Mohammad Nezhady
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - José Carlos Rivera
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Miller SJ, Philips T, Kim N, Dastgheyb R, Chen Z, Hsieh YC, Daigle JG, Datta M, Chew J, Vidensky S, Pham JT, Hughes EG, Robinson MB, Sattler R, Tomer R, Suk JS, Bergles DE, Haughey N, Pletnikov M, Hanes J, Rothstein JD. Molecularly defined cortical astroglia subpopulation modulates neurons via secretion of Norrin. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:741-752. [PMID: 30936556 PMCID: PMC6551209 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite expanding knowledge regarding the role of astroglia in regulating neuronal function, little is known about regional or functional subgroups of brain astroglia and how they may interact with neurons. We use an astroglia-specific promoter fragment in transgenic mice to identify an anatomically defined subset of adult gray matter astroglia. Using transcriptomic and histological analyses, we generate a combinatorial profile for the in vivo identification and characterization of this astroglia subpopulation. These astroglia are enriched in mouse cortical layer V; express distinct molecular markers, including Norrin and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 6 (LGR6), with corresponding layer-specific neuronal ligands; are found in the human cortex; and modulate neuronal activity. Astrocytic Norrin appears to regulate dendrites and spines; its loss, as occurring in Norrie disease, contributes to cortical dendritic spine loss. These studies provide evidence that human and rodent astroglia subtypes are regionally and functionally distinct, can regulate local neuronal dendrite and synaptic spine development, and contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Miller
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Philips
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Namho Kim
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raha Dastgheyb
- Department of Neurology, Richard T. Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhuoxun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Gavin Daigle
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malika Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeannie Chew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Vidensky
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Pham
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael B Robinson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raju Tomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Environmental and Health Sciences, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norman Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Richard T. Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mikhail Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Environmental and Health Sciences, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zhang T, Sun X, Han J, Han M. Genetic variants of TSPAN12 gene in patients with retinopathy of prematurity. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14544-14551. [PMID: 31009104 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been reported. However, no virulence genes are currently known for ROP. This study aimed to assess FZD4, LRP5, TSPAN12, and NDP, which are known virulence genes involved in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, an ailment that shares some symptoms with ROP. After approval from the parents of diseased infants, blood samples from 29 Han patients with ROP were collected for genomic DNA extraction. Direct sequencing was used to assess the four candidate genes, namely FZD4, LRP5, TSPAN12, and NDP. Finally, genetic mutations were screened. Changes of three nucleotide sequences were found in the four candidate genes; notably, a c.954G>A hybrid mutation in the TSPAN12 gene was predicted to cause protein structure and function alterations. The molecular pathogenesis of ROP is complex, and likely involves the c.954G>A mutation in TSPAN12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmei Zhang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, TianJin, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, TianJin, PR China
| | - Junlin Han
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, TianJin, PR China
| | - Mei Han
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, TianJin, PR China
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Preclinical Evaluation of Long-Term Neuroprotective Effects of BDNF-Engineered Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Intravitreal Therapy for Chronic Retinal Degeneration in Rd6 Mutant Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030777. [PMID: 30759764 PMCID: PMC6387230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the transplantation of genetically engineered bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to overexpress brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could rescue the chronic degenerative process of slow retinal degeneration in the rd6 (retinal degeneration 6) mouse model and sought to identify the potential underlying mechanisms. Rd6 mice were subjected to the intravitreal injection of lentivirally modified MSC-BDNF or unmodified MSC or saline. In vivo morphology, electrophysiological retinal function (ERG), and the expression of apoptosis-related genes, as well as BDNF and its receptor (TrkB), were assessed in retinas collected at 28 days and three months after transplantation. We observed that cells survived for at least three months after transplantation. MSC-BDNF preferentially integrated into the outer retinal layers and considerably rescued damaged retinal cells, as evaluated by ERG and immunofluorescence staining. Additionally, compared with controls, the therapy with MSC-BDNF was associated with the induction of molecular changes related to anti-apoptotic signaling. In conclusion, BDNF overexpression observed in retinas after MSC-BDNF treatment could enhance the neuroprotective properties of transplanted autologous MSCs alone in the chronically degenerated retina. This research provides evidence for the long-term efficacy of genetically-modified MSC and may represent a strategy for treating various forms of degenerative retinopathies in the future.
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Wang Z, Liu CH, Huang S, Chen J. Wnt Signaling in vascular eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 70:110-133. [PMID: 30513356 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in vascular morphogenesis in various organs including the eye. Wnt ligands and receptors are key regulators of ocular angiogenesis both during the eye development and in vascular eye diseases. Wnt signaling participates in regulating multiple vascular beds in the eye including regression of the hyaloid vessels, and development of structured layers of vasculature in the retina. Loss-of-function mutations in Wnt signaling components cause rare genetic eye diseases in humans such as Norrie disease, and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) with defective ocular vasculature. On the other hand, experimental studies in more prevalent vascular eye diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and corneal neovascularization, suggest that aberrantly increased Wnt signaling is one of the causations for pathological ocular neovascularization, indicating the potential of modulating Wnt signaling to ameliorate pathological angiogenesis in eye diseases. This review recapitulates the key roles of the Wnt signaling pathway during ocular vascular development and in vascular eye diseases, and pharmaceutical approaches targeting the Wnt signaling as potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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38
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Harada C, Kimura A, Guo X, Namekata K, Harada T. Recent advances in genetically modified animal models of glaucoma and their roles in drug repositioning. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:161-166. [PMID: 30366949 PMCID: PMC6362806 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the world. Currently, pharmacological intervention for glaucoma therapy is limited to eye drops that reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Recent studies have shown that various factors as well as IOP are involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, especially in the subtype of normal tension glaucoma. To date, various animal models of glaucoma have been established, including glutamate/aspartate transporter knockout (KO) mice, excitatory amino acid carrier 1 KO mice, optineurin E50K knock-in mice, DBA/2J mice and experimentally induced models. These animal models are very useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of glaucoma and for identifying potential therapeutic targets. However, each model represents only some aspects of glaucoma, never the whole disease. This review will summarise the benefits and limitations of using disease models of glaucoma and recent basic research in retinal protection using existing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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39
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Nogo-A inactivation improves visual plasticity and recovery after retinal injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:727. [PMID: 29950598 PMCID: PMC6021388 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myelin-associated proteins such as Nogo-A are major inhibitors of neuronal plasticity that contribute to permanent neurological impairments in the injured CNS. In the present study, we investigated the influence of Nogo-A on visual recovery after retinal injuries in mice. Different doses of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) were injected in the vitreous of the left eye to induce retinal neuron death. The visual function was monitored using the optokinetic response (OKR) as a behavior test, and electroretinogram (ERG) and local field potential (LFP) recordings allowed to assess changes in retinal and cortical neuron activity, respectively. Longitudinal OKR follow-ups revealed reversible visual deficits after injection of NMDA ≤ 1 nmole in the left eye and concomitant functional improvement in the contralateral visual pathway of the right eye that was let intact. Irreversible OKR loss observed with NMDA ≥ 2 nmol was correlated with massive retinal cell death and important ERG response decline. Strikingly, the OKR mediated by injured and intact eye stimulation was markedly improved in Nogo-A KO mice compared with WT animals, suggesting that the inactivation of Nogo-A promotes visual recovery and plasticity. Moreover, OKR improvement was associated with shorter latency of the N2 wave of Nogo-A KO LFPs relative to WT animals. Strikingly, intravitreal injection of anti-Nogo-A antibody (11C7) in the injured eye exerted positive effects on cortical LFPs. This study presents the intrinsic ability of the visual system to recover from NMDA-induced retinal injury and its limitations. Nogo-A neutralization may promote visual recovery in retinal diseases such as glaucoma.
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40
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Characterization of canonical Wnt signalling changes after induced disruption of Müller cell in murine retina. Exp Eye Res 2018; 175:173-180. [PMID: 29913166 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Müller cells are the primary glia in the retina, playing a critical role in retinal homeostasis and retinal pathology. This study evaluated the canonical Wnt signalling pathway and its downstream effects on retinal degeneration in a transgenic mouse model of inducible Müller cell disruption. Increased expression of the LacZ reporter gene in the retina suggested Wnt signalling had been activated after induced Müller cell disruption. Activation was validated by observing nuclear translocation of β-Catenin. The mRNA expression of 80 Wnt related genes were assessed using real-time PCR. The Wnt signalling inhibitors Dkk1, Dkk3 and sFRP3 were significantly downregulated. Furthermore, the ubiquitin-mediated β-Catenin proteolysis genes β-TrCP and SHFM3, were also significantly downregulated. The downstream target genes of the Wnt signalling, including Fra1, CyclinD2 and C-Myc were upregulated. The changes of these genes at the protein level were validated by Western blot. Their distributions in the retina were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. Our findings indicate that Müller cells are involved in retinal Wnt signalling. Activation of Wnt signalling and its downstream target genes may play important roles in photoreceptor degeneration and neovascularization occurring in the retina after induced disruption of Müller cells.
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41
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Hondius DC, Eigenhuis KN, Morrema THJ, van der Schors RC, van Nierop P, Bugiani M, Li KW, Hoozemans JJM, Smit AB, Rozemuller AJM. Proteomics analysis identifies new markers associated with capillary cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:46. [PMID: 29860944 PMCID: PMC5985582 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits as plaques in the parenchyma and in the walls of cortical and leptomeningeal blood vessels of the brain called cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). It is suggested that CAA type-1, which refers to amyloid deposition in both capillaries and larger vessels, adds to the symptomatic manifestation of AD and correlates with disease severity. Currently, CAA cannot be diagnosed pre-mortem and disease mechanisms involved in CAA are elusive. To obtain insight in the disease mechanism of CAA and to identify marker proteins specifically associated with CAA we performed a laser dissection microscopy assisted mass spectrometry analysis of post-mortem human brain tissue of (I) AD cases with only amyloid deposits in the brain parenchyma and no vascular related amyloid, (II) AD cases with severe CAA type-1 and no or low numbers of parenchymal amyloid deposits and (III) cognitively healthy controls without amyloid deposits. By contrasting the quantitative proteomics data between the three groups, 29 potential CAA-selective proteins were identified. A selection of these proteins was analysed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to confirm regulation and to determine protein localization and their relation to brain pathology. In addition, specificity of these markers in relation to other small vessel diseases including prion CAA, CADASIL, CARASAL and hypertension related small vessel disease was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Increased levels of clusterin (CLU), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and serum amyloid P-component (APCS) were observed in AD cases with CAA. In addition, we identified norrin (NDP) and collagen alpha-2(VI) (COL6A2) as highly selective markers that are clearly present in CAA yet virtually absent in relation to parenchymal amyloid plaque pathology. NDP showed the highest specificity to CAA when compared to other small vessel diseases. The specific changes in the proteome of CAA provide new insight in the pathogenesis and yields valuable selective biomarkers for the diagnosis of CAA.
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Garcia AL, Udeh A, Kalahasty K, Hackam AS. A growing field: The regulation of axonal regeneration by Wnt signaling. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:43-52. [PMID: 29451203 PMCID: PMC5840987 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.224359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a highly conserved signaling cascade that plays critical roles during embryogenesis. Wnt ligands regulate axonal extension, growth cone guidance and synaptogenesis throughout the developing central nervous system (CNS). Recently, studies in mammalian and fish model systems have demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling also promotes axonal regeneration in the adult optic nerve and spinal cord after injury, raising the possibility that Wnt could be developed as a therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize experimental evidence that reveals novel roles for Wnt signaling in the injured CNS, and discuss possible mechanisms by which Wnt ligands could overcome molecular barriers inhibiting axonal growth to promote regeneration. A central challenge in the neuroscience field is developing therapeutic strategies that induce robust axonal regeneration. Although adult axons have the capacity to respond to axonal guidance molecules after injury, there are several major obstacles for axonal growth, including extensive neuronal death, glial scars at the injury site, and lack of axonal guidance signals. Research in rodents demonstrated that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in retinal neurons and radial glia induced neuronal survival and axonal growth, but that activation within reactive glia at the injury site promoted proliferation and glial scar formation. Studies in zebrafish spinal cord injury models confirm an axonal regenerative role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling and identified the cell types responsible. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that Wnt induces axonal and neurite growth through transcription-dependent effects of its central mediator β-catenin, potentially by inducing regeneration-promoting genes. Canonical Wnt signaling may also function through transcription-independent interactions of β-catenin with cytoskeletal elements, which could stabilize growing axons and control growth cone movement. Therefore, these studies suggest that Wnt-induced pathways responsible for regulating axonal growth during embryogenesis could be repurposed to promote axonal growth after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando L Garcia
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adanna Udeh
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karthik Kalahasty
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Abigail S Hackam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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43
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Norrin protects optic nerve axons from degeneration in a mouse model of glaucoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14274. [PMID: 29079753 PMCID: PMC5660254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Norrin is a secreted signaling molecule activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Since Norrin protects retinal neurons from experimental acute injury, we were interested to learn if Norrin attenuates chronic damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons in a mouse model of glaucoma. Transgenic mice overexpressing Norrin in the retina (Pax6-Norrin) were generated and crossed with DBA/2J mice with hereditary glaucoma and optic nerve axonal degeneration. One-year old DBA/2J/Pax6-Norrin animals had significantly more surviving optic nerve axons than their DBA/2J littermates. The protective effect correlated with an increase in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 mRNA and an enhanced Akt phosphorylation in DBA/2J/Pax6-Norrin mice. Both mouse strains developed an increase in intraocular pressure during the second half of the first year and marked degenerative changes in chamber angle, ciliary body and iris structure. The degenerations were slightly attenuated in the chamber angle of DBA/2J/Pax6-Norrin mice, which showed a β-catenin increase in the trabecular meshwork. We conclude that high levels of Norrin and the subsequent constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in RGC protect from glaucomatous axonal damage via IGF-1 causing increased activity of PI3K-Akt signaling. Our results identify components of a protective signaling network preventing degeneration of optic nerve axons in glaucoma.
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Dailey WA, Drenser KA, Wong SC, Cheng M, Vercellone J, Roumayah KK, Feeney EV, Deshpande M, Guzman AE, Trese M, Mitton KP. Norrin treatment improves ganglion cell survival in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model of retinal ischemia. Exp Eye Res 2017; 164:129-138. [PMID: 28823941 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) with recombinant human Norrin (Norrie Disease Protein, gene: NDP) accelerates regrowth of the microvasculature into central ischemic regions of the neural retina, which are generated after treatment with 75% oxygen. While this reduces the average duration and severity of ischemia overall, we do not know if this accelerated recovery of the microvasculature results in any significant survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate ganglion cell survival with and without the intravitreal injection of Norrin in the murine model of oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR), using two strains of mice: C57BL/6J and Thy1-YFP mice. Intravitreal injections of Norrin or vehicle were done after five days of exposure to 75% oxygen from ages P7 to P12. The C57BL/J mice were followed by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), and the average nerve fiber layer (NFL) and inner-plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses were measured at twenty-four locations per retina at P42. Additionally, some C57BL/J retinas were flat mounted and immunostained for the RGC marker, Brn3a, to compare the population density of surviving retinal ganglion cells. Using homozygous Thy1-YFP mice, single intrinsically fluorescent RGCs were imaged in live animals with a Micron-III imaging system at ages P21, 28 and P42. The relative percentage of YFP-fluorescent RGCs with dendritic arbors were compared. At age P42, the NFL was thicker in Norrin-injected OIR eyes, 14.4 μm, compared to Vehicle-injected OIR eyes, 13.3 μm (p = 0.01). In the superior retina, the average thickness of the IPL was greater in Norrin-injected OIR eyes, 37.7 μm, compared to Vehicle-injected OIR eyes, 34.6 μm (p = 0.04). Retinas from Norrin injected OIR mice had significantly more surviving RGCs (p = 0.03) than vehicle-injected mice. Based upon NFL thickness and counts of RGCs, we conclude that Norrin treatment, early in the ischemic phase, increased the relative population density of surviving RGCs in the central retinas of OIR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Dailey
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Kimberly A Drenser
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States; Associated Retinal Consultants, Novi, MI, United States
| | - Sui Chien Wong
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Mei Cheng
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Joseph Vercellone
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Kevin K Roumayah
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Erin V Feeney
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States
| | - Mrinalini Deshpande
- Control of Gene Expression Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, United States
| | - Alvaro E Guzman
- Control of Gene Expression Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, United States
| | - Michael Trese
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States; Associated Retinal Consultants, Novi, MI, United States
| | - Kenneth P Mitton
- Pediatric Retinal Research Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, United States; Control of Gene Expression Laboratory, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, United States.
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SMAD7 deficiency stimulates Müller progenitor cell proliferation during the development of the mammalian retina. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:21-32. [PMID: 28258388 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway contributes to maintain the quiescence of adult neural stem and progenitor cells in the brain. In the retina, Müller cells are discussed to represent a glial cell population with progenitor-like characteristics. Here, we aimed to investigate if elevated TGF-β signaling modulates the proliferation of Müller cells during retinal development. We generated mutant mice with a systemic, heterozygous up-regulation of TGF-β signaling by deleting its inhibitor SMAD7. We investigated apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation of Müller cells in the developing retina. We show that a heterozygous deletion of SMAD7 results in an increased proliferation of Müller cell progenitors in the central retina at postnatal day 4, the time window when Müller cells differentiate in the mouse retina. This in turn results in a thickened retina and inner nuclear layer and a higher number of differentiated Müller cells in the more developed retina. Müller cells in mutant mice contain higher amounts of nestin than those of control animals which indicates that the increase in TGF-β signaling activity during retinal development contribute to maintain some progenitor-like characteristics in Müller cells even after their differentiation period. We conclude that TGF-β signaling influences Müller cell proliferation and differentiation during retinal development.
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Patel AK, Park KK, Hackam AS. Wnt signaling promotes axonal regeneration following optic nerve injury in the mouse. Neuroscience 2016; 343:372-383. [PMID: 28011153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult mammalian CNS axons generally do not regenerate, creating an obstacle to effective repair and recovery after neuronal injury. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an essential signal transduction cascade that regulates axon growth and neurite extension in the developing mammalian embryo. In this study, we investigated whether a Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator could be repurposed to induce regeneration in the adult CNS after axonal injury. We used a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon crush injury model in a transgenic Wnt reporter mouse, and intravitreal injections were used to deliver Wnt3a or saline to the RGC cell bodies within the retina. Our findings demonstrated that Wnt3a induced Wnt signaling in RGCs and resulted in significant axonal regrowth past the lesion site when measured at two and four weeks post-injury. Furthermore, Wnt3a-injected eyes showed increased survival of RGCs and significantly higher pattern electroretinography (PERG) amplitudes compared to the control. Additionally, Wnt3a-induced axonal regeneration and RGC survival were associated with elevated activation of the transcription factor Stat3, and reducing expression of Stat3 using a conditional Stat3 knock-out mouse line led to diminished Wnt3a-dependent axonal regeneration and RGC survival. Therefore, these findings reveal a novel role for retinal Wnt signaling in axonal regrowth and RGC survival following axonal injury, which may lead to the development of novel therapies for axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Patel
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Abigail S Hackam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Rivera JC, Madaan A, Zhou TE, Chemtob S. Review of the mechanisms and therapeutic avenues for retinal and choroidal vascular dysfunctions in retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:1421-1433. [PMID: 27620714 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial disease and the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in premature neonates. The inner retina has been considered the primary region affected in ROP, but choroidal vascular degeneration and progressive outer retinal dysfunctions have also been observed. This review focuses on observations regarding neurovascular dysfunctions in both the inner and outer immature retina, the mechanisms and the neuronal-derived factors implicated in the development of ROP, as well potential therapeutic avenues for this disorder. CONCLUSION Alterations in the neurovascular integrity of the inner and outer retina contribute to the development of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center; Montréal QC Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center; University of Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
| | - Ankush Madaan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center; Montréal QC Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal QC Canada
| | - Tianwei Ellen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center; University of Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal QC Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center; Montréal QC Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology; Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center; University of Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
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Mutated olfactomedin 1 in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the mouse retina causes functional deficits and vulnerability to light damage. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:453-469. [PMID: 27787612 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Olfactomedin 1 (OLFM1) is a secreted glycoprotein and member of the olfactomedin protein family, which is preferentially expressed in various areas throughout the central nervous system. To learn about the functional properties of OLFM1 in the eye, we investigated its localization in the mouse and pig eye. In addition, we analyzed the ocular phenotype of Olfm1 mutant mice in which 52 amino acids were deleted in the central part (M2 region) of OLFM1. OLFM1 was detected in cornea, sclera, retina, and optic nerve of both wild-type and Olfm1 mutant littermates. By immunohistochemistry and double labeling with the lectin peanut agglutinin, OLFM1 was found in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) of mouse and pig retina where it was directly localized to the inner segments of photoreceptors. Western blotting confirmed the presence of the OLFM1 isoforms pancortin 1 (BMY) and pancortin 2 (BMZ) in the IPM. The retinal phenotype of Olfm1 mutant mice did not obviously differ from that of wild-type littermates. In addition, outer nuclear layer (ONL) and total retinal thickness were not different, and the same was true for the area of the optic nerve in cross sections. Functional changes were observed though by electroretinography, which showed significantly lower a- and b-wave amplitudes in Olfm1 mutant mice when compared to age-matched wild-type mice. When light damage experiments were performed as an experimental paradigm of photoreceptor apoptosis, significantly more TUNEL-positive cells were observed in Olfm1 mutant mice 30 h after light exposure. One week after light exposure, the ONL was significantly thinner in Olfm1 mutant mice than in wild-type littermates indicating increased photoreceptor loss. No differences were observed when rhodopsin turnover or ERK1/2 signaling was investigated. We conclude that OLFM1 is a newly identified IPM molecule that serves an important role for photoreceptor homeostasis, which is significantly compromised in the eyes of Olfm1 mutant mice.
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Endothelins Inhibit Osmotic Swelling of Rat Retinal Glial and Bipolar Cells by Activation of Growth Factor Signaling. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2598-2606. [PMID: 27278757 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Water accumulation in retinal glial (Müller) and neuronal cells resulting in cellular swelling contributes to the development of retinal edema and neurodegeneration. Here, we show that endothelin-1 (ET-1) dose-dependently inhibits the hypoosmotic swelling of Müller cells in freshly isolated retinal slices of control and diabetic rats, with a maximal inhibition at 100 nM. Osmotic Müller cell swelling was also inhibited by ET-2. The effect of ET-1 was mediated by activation of ETA and ETB receptors resulting in transactivation of metabotropic glutamate receptors, purinergic P2Y1, and adenosine A1 receptors. ET-1 (but not ET-2) also inhibited the osmotic swelling of bipolar cells in retinal slices, but failed to inhibit the swelling of freshly isolated bipolar cells. The inhibitory effect of ET-1 on the bipolar cell swelling in retinal slices was abrogated by inhibitors of the FGF receptor kinase (PD173074) and of TGF-β1 superfamily activin receptor-like kinase receptors (SB431542), respectively. Both Müller and bipolar cells displayed immunoreactivities of ETA and ETB receptor proteins. The data may suggest that neuroprotective effects of ETs in the retina are in part mediated by prevention of the cytotoxic swelling of retinal glial and bipolar cells. ET-1 acts directly on Müller cells, while the inhibitory effect of ET-1 on bipolar cell swelling is indirectly mediated, via stimulation of the release of growth factors like bFGF and TGF-β1 from Müller cells.
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50
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Cre recombinase expression or topical tamoxifen treatment do not affect retinal structure and function, neuronal vulnerability or glial reactivity in the mouse eye. Neuroscience 2016; 325:188-201. [PMID: 27026593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mice with a constitutive or tamoxifen-induced Cre recombinase (Cre) expression are frequently used research tools to allow the conditional deletion of target genes via the Cre-loxP system. Here we analyzed for the first time in a comprehensive and comparative way, whether retinal Cre expression or topical tamoxifen treatment itself would cause structural or functional changes, including changes in the expression profiles of molecular markers, glial reactivity and photoreceptor vulnerability. To this end, we characterized the transgenic α-Cre, Lmop-Cre and the tamoxifen-inducible CAGG-CreER™ mouse lines, all having robust Cre expression in the neuronal retina. In addition, we characterized the effects of topical tamoxifen treatment itself in wildtype mice. We performed morphometric analyses, immunohistochemical staining, in vivo ERG and angiography analyses and realtime RT-PCR analyses. Furthermore, the influence of Cre recombinase or topical tamoxifen exposure on neuronal vulnerability was studied by using light damage as a model for photoreceptor degeneration. Taken together, neither the expression of Cre, nor topical tamoxifen treatment caused detectable changes in retinal structure and function, the expression profiles of investigated molecular markers, glial reactivity and photoreceptor vulnerability. We conclude that the Cre-loxP system and its induction through tamoxifen is a safe and reliable method to delete desired target genes in the neural retina.
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