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Weller RB. Sunlight: Time for a Rethink? J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1724-1732. [PMID: 38661623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
UVR is a skin carcinogen, yet no studies link sun exposure to increased all-cause mortality. Epidemiological studies from the United Kingdom and Sweden link sun exposure with reduced all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Vitamin D synthesis is dependent on UVB exposure. Individuals with higher serum levels of vitamin D are healthier in many ways, yet multiple trials of oral vitamin D supplementation show little benefit. Growing evidence shows that sunlight has health benefits through vitamin D-independent pathways, such as photomobilization of nitric oxide from cutaneous stores with reduction in cardiovascular morbidity. Sunlight has important systemic health benefit as well as risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Anderson G, Borooah S, Megaw R, Bagnaninchi P, Weller R, McLeod A, Dhillon B. UVR and RPE - The Good, the Bad and the degenerate Macula. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101233. [PMID: 38135244 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) has a well-established causative influence within the aetiology of conditions of the skin and the anterior segment of the eye. However, a grounded assessment of the role of UVR within conditions of the retina has been hampered by a historical lack of quantitative, and spectrally resolved, assessment of how UVR impacts upon the retina in terms congruent with contemporary theories of ageing. In this review, we sought to summarise the key findings of research investigating the connection between UVR exposure in retinal cytopathology while identifying necessary avenues for future research which can deliver a deeper understanding of UVR's place within the retinal risk landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Anderson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Roly Megaw
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew McLeod
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4SB, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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Marino P, Mininni M, Deiana G, Marino G, Divella R, Bochicchio I, Giuliano A, Lapadula S, Lettini AR, Sanseverino F. Healthy Lifestyle and Cancer Risk: Modifiable Risk Factors to Prevent Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:800. [PMID: 38542712 PMCID: PMC10974142 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become a serious problem worldwide, as it represents the main cause of death, and its incidence has increased over the years. A potential strategy to counter the growing spread of various forms of cancer is the adoption of prevention strategies, in particular, the use of healthy lifestyles, such as maintaining a healthy weight, following a healthy diet; being physically active; avoiding smoking, alcohol consumption, and sun exposure; and vitamin D supplementation. These modifiable risk factors are associated with this disease, contributing to its development, progression, and severity. This review evaluates the relationship between potentially modifiable risk factors and overall cancer development, specifically breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer, and highlights updated recommendations on cancer prevention. The results of numerous clinical and epidemiological studies clearly show the influence of lifestyles on the development and prevention of cancer. An incorrect diet, composed mainly of saturated fats and processed products, resulting in increased body weight, combined with physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and smoking, has induced an increase in the incidence of all three types of cancer under study. Given the importance of adopting correct and healthy lifestyles to prevent cancer, global institutions should develop strategies and environments that encourage individuals to adopt healthy and regular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marino
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Mariangela Mininni
- Department Direzione Generale per la Salute e le Politiche della Persona, Regione Basilicata, Via Vincenzo Verrastro, 4, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Deiana
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
| | - Graziella Marino
- Unit of Breast Surgery, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Rosa Divella
- Nutritionist’s Studio at the Gravina in Puglia, C.so Giuseppe Di Vittorio, 14, 70024 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Bochicchio
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Alda Giuliano
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Stefania Lapadula
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Alessandro Rocco Lettini
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (I.B.); (A.G.); (S.L.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Francesca Sanseverino
- Unit of Oncological Gynecology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Via Padre Pio, 1, 85028 Potenza, Italy; (G.D.); (F.S.)
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Saintila J, Rojas-Humpire R, Newball-Noriega EE, Huancahuire-Vega S, Ignacio-Cconchoy FL, Calizaya-Milla YE. Analysis of adherence to a healthy lifestyle among vegetarian and non-vegetarian Peruvian university students: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299317. [PMID: 38394083 PMCID: PMC10889614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that a healthy lifestyle can promote physical and mental well-being in the general population. However, there are few studies that assess the adherence to a healthy lifestyle in vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in adherence to a healthy lifestyle between vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students in Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out considering data from 6,846 students selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS), the Peruvian validation of the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index (VLI), was used. In addition, sociodemographic and anthropometric data such as weight and height were collected. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. RESULTS Semi-vegetarian and vegetarian students had a high healthy lifestyle score compared to non-vegetarians. In addition, vegetarian diets showed a significantly higher proportion among students with a lower BMI (normal and underweight). Students with excess body weight (overweight and obesity) were less likely to report healthy lifestyle. In the overall population analyzed, it was observed that the levels of health and lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise and sunlight exposure, were mostly moderate and low. Additionally, sweets intake was high, while healthy food consumption such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains was low. CONCLUSION The current findings show that although vegetarians had better adherence to a healthy lifestyle, interventions in the university setting are needed to improve healthy lifestyle in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacksaint Saintila
- Doctorado en Nutrición y Alimentos, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad San Ignacio De Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, School of Human Nutrition, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
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Zhang Z, Yu B, Sun Y, Zhang K, Tan X, Lu Y, Wang N, Xia F. Self-Reported Outdoor Light Exposure Time and Incident Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031830. [PMID: 38348794 PMCID: PMC11010087 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy lifestyle is an important factor for preventing heart failure. However, the association between outdoor light exposure time and heart failure is still unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between outdoor light exposure time and the incidence of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS This cohort study included participants from the UK Biobank recruited from 2006 to 2010 who were 40 to 70 years of age and free of heart failure at baseline. The mean follow-up time was 12.61 years. The outdoor light exposure time was self-reported at baseline. A restricted cubic spline was performed to examine the potential nonlinear relationship between outdoor light exposure and the incidence of heart failure. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. During a mean follow-up of 12.61 years, 13 789 participants were first diagnosed with heart failure. There was a nonlinear (J-shaped) trend between outdoor light time and heart failure risk. Cox proportional hazard regression models showed that, compared with participants who received an average of 1.0 to 2.5 hours of outdoor light per day, those with <1.0 hours or >2.5 hours had a higher risk of heart failure after the model was adjusted for age and sex (<1.0 hours: HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.18-1.36]; >2.5 hours: HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.07-1.15]). These associations were still significant in the fully adjusted models (<1.0 hours: HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03-1.18]; >2.5 hours: HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.03-1.11]). CONCLUSIONS We found a J-shaped association between outdoor light exposure time and the risk of incident heart failure, suggesting that moderate exposure to outdoor light may be a prevention strategy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bowei Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Tan
- School of Public HealthZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai JiaoTong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Babiloni-Lopez C, Gargallo P, Juesas A, Gene-Morales J, Saez-Berlanga A, Jiménez-Martínez P, Casaña J, Benitez-Martinez JC, Sáez GT, Fernández-Garrido J, Alix-Fages C, Colado JC. Long-Term Effects of Microfiltered Seawater and Resistance Training with Elastic Bands on Hepatic Parameters, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Pressure of Older Women: A 32-Week, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:204. [PMID: 38255091 PMCID: PMC10815454 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The bulk of research on microfiltered seawater (SW) is based on its short-term effects. However, the long-term physiological adaptations to combining SW and resistance training (RT) are unknown. This study aimed to analyse the impact of an RT program using elastic bands combined with SW intake on hepatic biomarkers, inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood pressure in post-menopausal women. Ninety-three women voluntarily participated (age: 70 ± 6.26 years; body mass index: 22.05 ± 3.20 kg/m2; Up-and-Go Test: 6.66 ± 1.01 s). RT consisted of six exercises (32 weeks, 2 days/week). Nonsignificant differences were reported for hepatic biomarkers except for a reduction in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in both RT groups (RT + SW: p = 0.003, ES = 0.51; RT + Placebo: p = 0.012, ES = 0.36). Concerning oxidative stress, vitamin D increased significantly in RT + SW (p = 0.008, ES = 0.25). Regarding inflammation, interleukin 6 significantly decreased (p = 0.003, ES = 0.69) in RT + SW. Finally, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in both RT groups (RT + placebo: p < 0.001, ES = 0.79; RT + SW: p < 0.001, ES = 0.71) as did diastolic blood pressure in both SW groups (RT + SW: p = 0.002, ES = 0.51; CON + SW: p = 0.028, ES = 0.50). Therefore, RT + SW or SW alone are safe strategies in the long term with no influences on hepatic and oxidative stress biomarkers. Additionally, SW in combination with RT positively influences vitamin D levels, inflammation, and blood pressure in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Babiloni-Lopez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Pedro Gargallo
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Alvaro Juesas
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Javier Gene-Morales
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Angel Saez-Berlanga
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
- ICEN Institute, 28840 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Josep C. Benitez-Martinez
- Research Group in Physiotherapy Technology and Recovering (FTR), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Guillermo T. Sáez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
- Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Dr. Peset—FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Fernández-Garrido
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Alix-Fages
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
- ICEN Institute, 28840 Madrid, Spain
- Applied Biomechanics and Sport Technology Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.B.-L.); (P.G.); (A.J.); (A.S.-B.); (P.J.-M.); (G.T.S.); (C.A.-F.); (J.C.C.)
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Murage P, Hajat S, Macintyre HL, Leonardi GS, Ratwatte P, Wehling H, Petrou G, Higlett M, Hands A, Kovats S. Indicators to support local public health to reduce the impacts of heat on health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108391. [PMID: 38118211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Heat exposure presents a significant weather-related health risk in England and Wales, and is associated with acute impacts on mortality and adverse effects on a range of clinical conditions, as well as increased healthcare costs. Most heat-related health outcomes are preventable with health protection measures such as behavioural changes, individual cooling actions, and strategies implemented at the landscape level or related to improved urban infrastructure. We review current limitations in reporting systems and propose ten indicators to monitor changes in heat exposures, vulnerabilities, heat-health outcomes, and progress on adaptation actions. These indicators can primarily inform local area decision-making in managing risks across multiple sectors such as public health, adult and social care, housing, urban planning, and education. The indicators can be used alongside information on other vulnerabilities relevant for heat and health such as underlying morbidity or housing characteristics, to prioritise the most effective adaptation actions for those who need it the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peninah Murage
- HPRU in Environmental Change and Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
| | - Shakoor Hajat
- HPRU in Environmental Change and Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Giorgos Petrou
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom
| | | | - Angela Hands
- Office of Health Improvement and Disparities, United Kingdom
| | - Sari Kovats
- HPRU in Environmental Change and Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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Xu Q, Wang X, Bai Y, Zheng Y, Duan J, Du J, Wu X. Trends of non-melanoma skin cancer incidence in Hong Kong and projection up to 2030 based on changing demographics. Ann Med 2023; 55:146-154. [PMID: 36519234 PMCID: PMC9762823 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2154382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the trends in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) incidence in Hong Kong from 1990 to 2019 and the associations of age, calendar period, and birth cohort, to make projections to 2030, and to examine the drivers of NMSC incidence. METHODS We assessed the age, calendar period, and birth cohort effects of NMSC incidence in Hong Kong between 1990 and 2019 using an age-period-cohort model. Using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis with integrated nested Laplace approximations, we projected the incidence of NMSC in Hong Kong to 2030. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate of NMSC increased from 6.7 per 100,000 population to 8.6 per 100,000 population in men and from 5.4 per 100,000 to 5.9 per 100,000 population in women, among the 19,568 patients in the study (9812 male patients [50.14%]). The annual net drift was 2.00% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50-2.50%) for men and 1.53% (95% CI: 0.95-2.11%) for women. Local drifts increased for both sexes above the 35-39-year age group. The period and cohort risk of developing NMSC tended to rise but slowed gradually in the most recent period and post-1975 birth cohort. From 2019 to 2030, it is projected that the number of newly diagnosed NMSC cases in Hong Kong will increase from 564 to 829 in men and from 517 to 863 in women. Population aging, population growth, and epidemiologic changes contributed to the increase in incident NMSCs, with population aging being the most significant contributor. CONCLUSION The slowing of the period and cohort effects suggests that the rising incidence of NMSC is partly attributable to increased awareness and diagnosis. The increasing prevalence of NMSC among the elderly and an aging population will significantly impact the clinical workload associated with NMSC for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Shaanxi Institution of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Continuing Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junbo Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Du
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Quan QL, Yoon KN, Lee JS, Kim EJ, Lee DH. Impact of ultraviolet radiation on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders: The role of nitric oxide and vitamin D. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023; 39:573-581. [PMID: 37731181 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has both harmful and beneficial effects on human skin and health. It causes skin damage, aging, and cancer; however, it is also a primary source of vitamin D. Additionally, UV radiation can impact energy metabolism and has protective effects on several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in mice and humans. However, the mechanisms of UV protection against these diseases have not been clearly identified. METHODS This review summarizes the systemic effects of UV radiation on hypertension and several metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice, and we also consider the mechanisms of action of the related regulators nitric oxide (NO) and vitamin D. RESULTS UV exposure can lower blood pressure and prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, primarily through mechanisms that depend on UV-induced NO. UV radiation may also effectively delay the onset of type 1 diabetes through mechanisms that rely on UV-induced vitamin D. UV-induced NO and vitamin D play roles in preventing and slowing the progression of NAFLD. CONCLUSION UV exposure is a promising nonpharmacological intervention for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. NO and vitamin D may play a crucial role in mediating these effects. However, further investigations are required to elucidate the exact mechanisms and determine the optimal dosage and exposure duration of UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ling Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong-No Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Su Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Hassan AB, Al-Dosky AHA. Vitamin D status and its association with inflammatory markers among Kurdish type 2 diabetic patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Steroids 2023; 199:109289. [PMID: 37572783 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Several clinical studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, it is still unclear whether vitamin D status and inflammatory markers correlate in patients with painful DPN. In this context, we aimed to investigate the associations between serum vitamin D levels and inflammatory status in Kurdish type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) with painful DPN and without painful DPN. A clinical case-control study was conducted on 86 Kurdish patients with T2DM. The patients were divided into two groups: the case group consisted of 45 patients with painful DPN and the control group consisted of 41 age- and sex-matched diabetics without DPN. In T2DM patients with and without painful DPN, the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was observed in 46.67% and 21.95% of the patients, respectively (p = 0.0283). The mean serum 25(OH)-vitamin D level in patients with painful DPN (mean = 12.00, SD = 5.78) was significantly lower than in patients without DPN (mean = 16.36, SD = 7.86; p = 0.0041). Regression analysis revealed that vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.0120) and higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p = 0.00003) were identified as predictive risk factors for painful DPN. However, there was no significant association between inflammatory status and vitamin D levels. The duration of sun exposure was the only controlling factor for vitamin D in painful DPN patients. In the Kurdish population, lower vitamin D and high HbA1c levels were predictive factors for painful DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Bapeer Hassan
- Basic Medical Sciences Unit, College of Nursing, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan.
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11
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Blans MJ, Strang A. Fresh air for intensive care patients in the Netherlands: an example to be followed? Intensive Care Med 2023; 49:1411-1412. [PMID: 37698595 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-023-07212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Blans
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
| | - Aart Strang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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12
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Young AR. The adverse consequences of not using sunscreens. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45 Suppl 1:11-19. [PMID: 37799076 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on normal skin are well established, especially in those with poorly melanized skin. Clinically, these effects may be classified as acute, such as erythema or chronic such as keratinocyte and melanocyte skin cancers. Apart from skin type genetics, clinical responses to solar UVR are dependent on geophysical (e.g., solar intensity) and behavioural factors. The latter are especially important because they may result in 'solar overload' with unwanted clinical consequences and ever greater burdens to healthcare systems. Correctly used, sunscreens can mitigate the acute and chronic effects of solar UVR exposure. Laboratory studies also show that sunscreens can inhibit the initial molecular and cellular events that are responsible for clinical outcomes. Despite public health campaigns, global trends continue to show increasing incidence of all types of skin cancer. Large-scale epidemiological studies have shown the benefits of sunscreen use in preventing skin cancer, though it is likely that sunscreen use has not been optimal in such studies. It is evident that without substantial changes in sun-seeking behaviour, sunscreen use is a very important part of the defence against the acute and chronic effects of solar exposure. Ideally, sunscreens should be able to provide the level of protection that reduces the risk of skin cancer in susceptible skin types to that observed in heavily melanized skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
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Yang S, Dai F, Wang Z, Li R, Xu X, Li C, Hou X, Liu Y, Wang C, Li D, Li L, Xu T. Association between sun-protective behaviors and hypertension: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2014. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1862. [PMID: 37752456 PMCID: PMC10521474 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, sun-protective behaviors increased cardiovascular incidence. Our present article is to further analyze the potential relationship between sun-protective behaviors (staying in the shade, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and applying sunscreen) and hypertension. METHOD The present cross-sectional study evaluated 8,613 participants (aged 20-60 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) obtained between 2009 and 2014. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between sun-protective behaviors and hypertension. Subgroup analysis was then performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to examine the relationship of sun-protective behaviors and each sun-protective behavior with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, stratified by sex and race. RESULTS A total of 8,613 participants (weighted n = 127,909,475) were applied in our study, including 1,694 hypertensive subjects. Our study demonstrated that sun-protective behaviors of the 2-3 category were associated with increased risk of hypertension, but not with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In subgroup analysis, men, Mexican American, and 25 < BMI ≤ 30 who reported sun-protective behaviors (2-3) were prone to hypertension. Multiple linear regression models showed that non-Hispanic white men with sun-protective behaviors (2-3) were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The association between other-Hispanic men with frequent wearing long-sleeved clothing and diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated. CONCLUSION Sun-protective behaviors of the 2-3 category could increase the incidence of hypertension, but not increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We only found that non-Hispanic white men who reported sun-protective behaviors (2-3) were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings suggested that excessive sun-protective behaviors should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Yang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaokai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoshui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiancun Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongye Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Lee Y, Jeong DY, Jeun YC, Choe H, Yang S. Preventive and ameliorative effects of potato exosomes on UVB‑induced photodamage in keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:167. [PMID: 37449501 PMCID: PMC10407616 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum) exhibit the biophysical characteristics of exosomes observed in mammalian cells and microorganisms, as determined by dynamic light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy. In the present study, it was shown that potato exosomes (ExoPs) can penetrate keratinocyte HaCaT cells, as determined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. In addition, ExoPs can suppress the expression of the collagen‑destroying enzymes MMP1, 2 and 9, and the inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF‑α, while inducing the expression of glutathione S‑transferase α 4, a cellular detoxifying enzyme, as revealed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Furthermore, ExoPs promote HaCaT cell proliferation, exhibit in vitro antioxidant activity against the free radical 2,2‑diphenyl‑β‑picrylhydrazyl, and protect cells from hydrogen peroxide‑induced cytotoxicity. ExoPs can also minimize the induction of photodamage initiated by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, and have the tendency to cure the photodamage already incurred on cells by UVB irradiation. ExoPs also prevent collagen degradation as observed in the culture media of UVB‑irradiated HaCaT cells. Collectively, ExoPs may protect and ameliorate photodamage in keratinocyte HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- Research & Development Team, Nextab, Inc., Seoul 03908, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Jeong
- Research & Development Team, Nextab, Inc., Seoul 03908, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chull Jeun
- Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63234, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Institute of Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Yang
- Research & Development Team, Nextab, Inc., Seoul 03908, Republic of Korea
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15
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Dunlop E, Pham NM, Van Hoang D, Kalmpourtzidou A, Black LJ. Vitamin D status in healthy populations worldwide: a systematic review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2023; 21:1888-1895. [PMID: 37014734 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-22-00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review is to report on circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and the prevalence of 25(OH)D concentrations below commonly used cut points for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency in healthy populations worldwide. INTRODUCTION Vitamin D sufficiency is important for optimal bone health and has been identified as being protective against a range of adverse health outcomes. Poor vitamin D status is considered a global public health concern. This review will provide up-to-date data on 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy populations worldwide. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider data from publications that include measurements of circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy people of all ages across all global geographical regions. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus will be searched for relevant studies published from March 1, 2011. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts using Research Screener, review relevant full-text articles for quality and eligibility, and extract data. Studies will, where possible, be pooled with statistical meta-analysis, while heterogeneity will be statistically tested. If relevant data are available, subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted to investigate latitude, sex, age, season of blood collection, supplement use, 25(OH)D assay used (and whether it's certified to Reference Measurement Procedures developed under the Vitamin D Standardization Program), as well as study quality. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021242466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Dunlop
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dong Van Hoang
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aliki Kalmpourtzidou
- Department of Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Cremona, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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16
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Gisslander K, de Boer R, Ingvar C, Turesson C, Isaksson K, Jayne D, Mohammad AJ. Can active sun exposure decrease the risk of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in women? Rheumatol Adv Pract 2023; 7:rkad071. [PMID: 37675201 PMCID: PMC10477307 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To study if active sun exposure among women affects the risk of developing GCA or PMR in a prospective cohort study with restricted latitudinal variability. Methods We linked the response to questions relating to sun exposure from the Melanoma Inquiry in Southern Sweden (MISS) prospective cohort study in women to the risk of developing GCA or PMR. Healthcare data were gathered from the Skåne Healthcare Register (SHR), covering all public healthcare consultations. The direct effect of active sun exposure on the risk of developing GCA or PMR was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for covariates based on a directed acyclic graph. Results A total of 14 574 women were included in the study; 601 women were diagnosed with GCA or PMR (144 and 457, respectively) during the follow-up time. Women with moderate or high sun exposure were not less likely to develop GCA or PMR compared with women that indicated they avoided sun exposure [hazard ratio (HR) 1.2 (CI 0.9, 1.6) and 1.3 (0.9, 1.9), respectively] when adjusted for diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity and stratified by age. Similar patterns were observed when studying only GCA [HR 1.2 (CI 0.7, 2.3) and 1.3 (0.7, 2.6)] and only PMR [HR 1.3 (CI 0.9, 1.8) and 1.4 (0.9, 2.0)]. Conclusion Active sun exposure did not affect the risk of developing GCA or PMR in women in a cohort with restricted latitudinal variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Gisslander
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Raïssa de Boer
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Turesson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karolin Isaksson
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - David Jayne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aladdin J Mohammad
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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17
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Gill R, Rojas‐Ruiz A, Boucher M, Henry C, Bossé Y. More airway smooth muscle in males versus females in a mouse model of asthma: A blessing in disguise? Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1080-1091. [PMID: 37341687 PMCID: PMC10988431 DOI: 10.1113/ep091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The lung response to inhaled methacholine is reputed to be greater in male than in female mice. The underpinnings of this sex disparity are ill defined. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrated that male airways exhibit a greater content of airway smooth muscle than female airways. We also found that, although a more muscular airway tree in males might contribute to their greater responsiveness to inhaled methacholine than females, it might also curb the heterogeneity in small airway narrowing. ABSTRACT Mouse models are helpful in unveiling the mechanisms underlying sex disparities in asthma. In comparison to their female counterparts, male mice are hyperresponsive to inhaled methacholine, a cardinal feature of asthma that contributes to its symptoms. The physiological details and the structural underpinnings of this hyperresponsiveness in males are currently unknown. Herein, BALB/c mice were exposed intranasally to either saline or house dust mite once daily for 10 consecutive days to induce experimental asthma. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, respiratory mechanics were measured at baseline and after a single dose of inhaled methacholine that was adjusted to trigger the same degree of bronchoconstriction in both sexes (it was twice as high in females). Bronchoalveolar lavages were then collected, and the lungs were processed for histology. House dust mite increased the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavages to the same extent in both sexes (asthma, P = 0.0005; sex, P = 0.96). The methacholine response was also markedly increased by asthma in both sexes (e.g., P = 0.0002 for asthma on the methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction). However, for a well-matched bronchoconstriction between sexes, the increase in hysteresivity, an indicator of airway narrowing heterogeneity, was attenuated in males for both control and asthmatic mice (sex, P = 0.002). The content of airway smooth muscle was not affected by asthma but was greater in males (asthma, P = 0.31; sex, P < 0.0001). These results provide further insights regarding an important sex disparity in mouse models of asthma. The increased amount of airway smooth muscle in males might contribute functionally to their greater methacholine response and, possibly, to their decreased propensity for airway narrowing heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Gill
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université LavalDépartement de médecineQuébecCanada
| | - Andrés Rojas‐Ruiz
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université LavalDépartement de médecineQuébecCanada
| | - Magali Boucher
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université LavalDépartement de médecineQuébecCanada
| | - Cyndi Henry
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université LavalDépartement de médecineQuébecCanada
| | - Ynuk Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université LavalDépartement de médecineQuébecCanada
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18
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Fitzgerald JS, Swanson BJ, Larson-Meyer DE. Vitamin D Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes of Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:585-595. [PMID: 37389497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of this systematic review were 2-fold: (1) evaluate the effect of vitamin D educational interventions on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration in adolescents (aged 10-19 years) and adults, and (2) assess the association between serum 25-OHD concentration and vitamin D knowledge, awareness of vitamin D deficiency risk, and attitudes toward behaviors associated with acquiring vitamin D. METHODS Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched for studies reporting associations between serum 25-OHD concentration and vitamin D knowledge, awareness, and attitudes. Results were summarized narratively. Effect sizes were calculated when data were available. RESULTS Eight studies reported experimental effects (2 randomized controlled trials, 1 cluster randomized trial, 4 quasi-experiments, 1 clinical audit), and 14 reported cross-sectional associations. Seven of 8 interventions reported no effect of educational interventions on serum 25-OHD concentration. A slight majority (53%; κ = 19) of studies reported statistically significant associations between serum 25-OHD concentration and vitamin D knowledge and attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE The few educational interventions employed to increase serum 25-OHD concentration lack effectiveness. Future studies may use randomized controlled trial designs, enroll those at risk for vitamin D insufficiency and underrepresented in the literature, increase the salience of the information to the target population, and include safe sun exposure recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Fitzgerald
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND.
| | - Brenna J Swanson
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
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Tsuji A, Yoshikawa S, Morikawa S, Ikeda Y, Taniguchi K, Sawamura H, Asai T, Matsuda S. Potential tactics with vitamin D and certain phytochemicals for enhancing the effectiveness of immune-checkpoint blockade therapies. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:460-473. [PMID: 37455830 PMCID: PMC10344894 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) are revolutionizing oncology. However, its effectiveness is limited in part due to the loss of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Interestingly, supplementation of vitamin D could abolish the repressive effect of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on CD8+ T cells, which might prevent the lymphocytopenia. In addition, vitamin D signaling could contribute to the differentiation of T-regulatory (Treg) cells associated with the expression of Treg markers such as forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and CTLA-4. Furthermore, vitamin D may be associated with the stimulation of innate immunity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and estrogen receptor (ESR) signaling, and even the signaling from phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway could have inhibitory roles in carcinogenesis possibly via the modulation of immune checkpoint molecules. In some cases, certain small molecules including vitamin D could be a novel therapeutic modality with a promising potential for the better performance of immune checkpoint blockade cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yoshikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Sae Morikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kurumi Taniguchi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Haruka Sawamura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoko Asai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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20
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Gorman S. The inhibitory and inactivating effects of visible light on SARS-CoV-2: A narrative update. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023; 15:100187. [PMID: 37288364 PMCID: PMC10207839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the germicidal effects of visible light (λ = 400 - 700 nm) were well known. This review provides an overview of new findings that suggest there are direct inactivating effects of visible light - particularly blue wavelengths (λ = 400 - 500 nm) - on exposed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virions, and inhibitory effects on viral replication in infected cells. These findings complement emerging evidence that there may be clinical benefits of orally administered blue light for limiting the severity of COVID-19. Possible mechanisms of action of blue light (e.g., regulation of reactive oxygen species) and important mediators (e.g., melatonin) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia
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21
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Raymond-Lezman JR, Riskin SI. Benefits and Risks of Sun Exposure to Maintain Adequate Vitamin D Levels. Cureus 2023; 15:e38578. [PMID: 37284402 PMCID: PMC10239563 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone that can be generated in the skin upon ultraviolet light exposure or ingested through supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency may have numerous deleterious effects on health. Sun avoidance strategies should be avoided due to the unwanted health risks associated with hypovitaminosis D. We present an objective investigation of the benefits and risks of using sun exposure to increase vitamin D levels and how it impacts human health. A review of the literature was conducted using Embase and PubMed to examine the relationship between UV exposure, vitamin D levels, health benefits, and risks. UV exposure is the primary method of boosting serum vitamin D levels, which accounts for numerous health benefits. Higher levels of vitamin D are associated with protection against cancer development, including melanoma. Latitude, season, skin color, and sun protection determine UV absorption and vitamin D production. Public health sun protection guidelines decrease the incidence of skin cancer, but sun avoidance can cause hypovitaminosis D. Serum vitamin D levels less than 16 nmol/L increase morbidity through increased non-cutaneous disease. Sun protection strategies should still be implemented to reduce skin cancer, and sunscreen only minimally lowers vitamin D production. Vitamin D deficiency can increase chronic diseases and cancer, while adequate vitamin D levels can help prevent them. UV exposure and vitamin D production are dependent on many factors. Increasing UV exposure without causing sunburn maximizes vitamin D production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Raymond-Lezman
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA
| | - Suzanne I Riskin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA
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22
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Piovani D, Brunetta E, Bonovas S. UV radiation and air pollution as drivers of major autoimmune conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115449. [PMID: 36764434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases comprise a very heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by disruptive immune responses against self-antigens, chronic morbidity and increased mortality. The incidence and prevalence of major autoimmune conditions are particularly high in the western world, at northern latitudes, and in industrialized countries. This study will mainly focus on five major autoimmune conditions, namely type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroid disorders. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests a protective role of sunlight exposure on the etiology of major autoimmune conditions mediated by the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide. A historical perspective shows how the rise of anthropogenic air pollutants is temporally associated with dramatic increases in incidence of these conditions. The scattering caused by ambient particulate matter and the presence of tropospheric ozone can reduce the endogenous production of vitamin D and nitric oxide, which are implicated in maintaining the immune homeostasis. Air pollutants have direct detrimental effects on the human body and are deemed responsible of an increasingly higher portion of the annual burden of human morbidity and mortality. Air pollution contributes in systemic inflammation, activates oxidative pathways, induces epigenetic alterations, and modulates the function and phenotype of dendritic cells, Tregs, and T-cells. In this review, we provide epidemiological and mechanistic insights regarding the role of UV-mediated effects in immunity and how anthropic-derived air pollution may affect major autoimmune conditions through direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Enrico Brunetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefanos Bonovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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23
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Athanassiou L, Kostoglou-Athanassiou I, Koutsilieris M, Shoenfeld Y. Vitamin D and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:709. [PMID: 37189455 PMCID: PMC10135889 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with potent immune-modulating properties. It has been shown to stimulate innate immunity and induce immune tolerance. Extensive research efforts have shown that vitamin D deficiency may be related to the development of autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has been observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has been shown to be inversely related to disease activity. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Vitamin D deficiency has also been observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It has been found to be inversely related to disease activity and renal involvement. In addition, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms have been studied in SLE. Vitamin D levels have been studied in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, and vitamin D deficiency may be related to neuropathy and the development of lymphoma in the context of Sjogren's syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency has been observed in ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Vitamin D deficiency has also been observed in systemic sclerosis. Vitamin D deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, and it may be administered to prevent autoimmune disease and reduce pain in the context of autoimmune rheumatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Athanassiou
- Department of Rheumatology, Asclepeion Hospital, Voula, GR16673 Athens, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, GR11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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24
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Kanasuo E, Siiskonen H, Haimakainen S, Komulainen J, Harvima IT. Regular use of vitamin D supplement is associated with fewer melanoma cases compared to non-use: a cross-sectional study in 498 adult subjects at risk of skin cancers. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:126-135. [PMID: 36580363 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting results on the role of vitamin D system in cutaneous carcinogenesis. Therefore, it was investigated whether the use of oral vitamin D supplements associates with photoaging, actinic keratoses, pigment cell nevi, and skin cancers. In this cross-sectional study, 498 adults (aged 21-79 years, 253 males, 245 females, 96 with immunosuppression) subjects at risk of any type of skin cancer were examined, and possible confounding factors were evaluated. The subjects were divided into three groups based on their self-reported use of oral vitamin D supplements: non-use, occasional use, or regular use. The serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 was analyzed in 260 subjects. In 402 immunocompetent subjects, vitamin D use did not associate with photoaging, actinic keratoses, nevi, basal, and squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast, there were lower percentages of subjects with a history of past or present melanoma (32/177, 18.1% versus 32/99, 32.3%, P = 0.021) or any type of skin cancer (110/177, 62.1% versus 74/99, 74.7%, P = 0.027) among regular users compared to non-users. In the logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for melanoma was 0.447 ( P = 0.016, 95% confidence interval, 0.231-0.862) among regular users. Furthermore, the investigator-estimated risk class of skin cancers was significantly lower among regular users. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 did not show marked associations with skin-related parameters. The results on 96 immunosuppressed subjects were somewhat similar, although the number of subjects was low. In conclusion, regular use of vitamin D associates with fewer melanoma cases, when compared to non-use, but the causality between them is obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kanasuo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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25
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Cherrie JW, Cherrie MPC. Workplace exposure to UV radiation and strategies to minimize cancer risk. Br Med Bull 2022; 144:45-56. [PMID: 35973164 PMCID: PMC9744745 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) causes malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The evidence for beneficial effects of solar UV exposure in reducing the risks for other cancers is increasing. The intensity of UV radiation at the Earth's surface is dependent on latitude, but even in northern European countries exposure can be high enough for outdoor work to cause skin cancer. GROWING POINTS Awareness of the health risks and benefits of occupational solar UV exposure is poor. Actions to reduce the risk of skin cancer have been identified and employers should recognize their responsibility to actively manage these risks. There is evidence for reduced risks for breast, ovarian and colorectal cancer and possibly other cancers linked to solar UV exposure. SOURCES OF DATA This narrative review draws on published scientific articles and material designed to assist identifying strategies to protect workers from solar UV exposure. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Solar UV exposure can be harmful. Wavelengths in the UVB range are more effective in causing erythema and DNA damage. Solar UV is the main source of vitamin D for most people. Primary and secondary prevention for skin cancer can potentially eliminate these risks but the evidence for effectiveness is limited. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Potential health benefits of UV exposure, particularly for reduced cancer risk. Determining and communicating optimal exposure to maximize health benefits. The risk of non-melanoma skin cancers may be more than doubled for some workers in temperate latitudes. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Exposure-response epidemiological studies; studies of the health benefits of occupational UV exposure; studies of the effectiveness of intervention strategies to prevent skin cancer. Use of low-cost UV sensors in workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Cherrie
- IOM, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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26
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Impact of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation during Breastfeeding on Infant Serum Vitamin D Levels: A Narrative Review of the Recent Evidence. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121863. [PMID: 36553307 PMCID: PMC9777520 DOI: 10.3390/children9121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation for breastfed infants is recommended due to low levels of vitamin D in human milk and the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. The relationship between maternal vitamin D supplementation while breastfeeding and infant serum vitamin D levels is beginning to be described. A literature review was conducted that investigated the impact of maternal supplementation, with at least 4000 IU of vitamin D, on infant serum vitamin D levels. Inclusion criteria were publication between 2016-2022, primary research, exclusively breastfed infants, and mothers taking vitamin D supplements while breastfeeding. Exclusion criteria were publication prior to 2016, review articles, results that did not include infant serum vitamin D levels, and research using participants already included in this review. Over 90% of infants whose mothers took vitamin D supplements while breastfeeding had adequate serum vitamin D levels. The final mean serum vitamin D of all infant participants whose mothers consumed vitamin D supplementation was 66.7 nmol/L, while mean serum vitamin D in those whose mothers did not consume supplements was 33.5 nmol/L. Consumption of vitamin D supplements by lactating women exclusively breastfeeding their infants can lead to adequate serum vitamin D levels in their infants.
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27
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Na SY, Kim KB, Lim YJ, Song HJ. Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:147-156. [PMID: 36258716 PMCID: PMC9537583 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is considered to be the main mediator of the beneficial effects of sun exposure. In humans, highest expression of Vitamin D receptors is found in the intestinal tract. In addition, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (or calcitriol), the most active Vitamin D metabolite, plays important homeostatic roles in the intestine, particularly calcium absorption. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level of < 20 ng/mL. Previous studies show that higher circulating 25(OH)D levels are associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and improved survival. Most research to date has been conducted in animals, specifically mice. Although human studies have a limited number of participants, one study recruiting a large cohort of patients with advanced or metastatic CRC revealed that higher plasma 25(OH)D levels are associated with improved overall and progression-free survival. However, the effects of Vitamin D supplementation on incidence and mortality of CRC remain inconclusive. Although Vitamin D may help to prevent cancer, there is a paucity of research demonstrating conclusively that Vitamin D alters prognosis after chemotherapy. Here, we review the mechanisms by which Vitamin D affects CRC, as well as the results of clinical, epidemiological, and human intervention studies. We also discuss current perspectives and future directions regarding Vitamin D and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ki Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea,Correspondence to Yun Jeong Lim, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-332X
| | - Hyun Joo Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea,Hyun Joo Song, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-555X
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28
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Ping W, Zhao Q, Ge S, Wang X, Li F, Huang X. Evaluating the effect of tanning response to sun exposure on the risk of skin diseases through Mendelian randomization. Front Genet 2022; 13:967696. [PMID: 36118883 PMCID: PMC9478173 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.967696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Until now, the relevance of the tanning response to sun exposure and skin diseases has incomplete and inconsistent epidemiological observations. In this case, it is valuable to find out the causality of tanning response to sun exposure and skin diseases, and take a step further toward developing effective therapies as well as prevention methods.Methods: We investigated the causal effect of tanning response to sun exposure on 10 major skin diseases that have been studied in recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Significant independent genetic variants from large-scale GWAS on ease of skin tanning (N = 453,065) are selected as the effective instrumental variables (IVs). For each skin disease, we extracted the summary statistics of those IVs (or their proxies) from the corresponding skin disease-GWAS as the valid IVs. Mendelian randomization (MR) was further performed to evaluate the causal association of ease of skin tanning with each of the skin diseases using different statistical methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), the weighted median, and MR-Egger. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to evaluate the effect of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity.Results: We observe significant associations between six skin diseases with tanning response to sun exposure with adjusted p-value derived by IVW less than 0.05 and with nominal p value less than 0.05 at the same time derived by either MR-Egger or weighted median. The six skin diseases include actinic keratosis (IVW FDR = 1.71E-40, MR Egger p-value = 3.46E-22), seborrhoeic keratosis (IVW FDR = 2.97E-4, MR Egger p-value = 1.06E-3), blepharochalasis (IVW FDR = 1.30E-3, MR Egger p-value = 2.91E-4), seborrhoeic dermatitis (IVW FDR = 1.29E-2, MR Egger p-value = 1.23E-2), malignant melanoma of skin (IVW FDR = 2.95E-2, MR Egger p-value = 1.91E-2), and freckles (IVW FDR = 2.95E-2, weighted median p-value = 1.02E-3). Interestingly, we find increased trends of developing all of the six skin diseases with increased tanning response to sun exposure (beta values are positive using IVW, MR-egger, and weighted median methods). We also replicate the association on three skin diseases using an independent outcome GWAS cohort, including malignant melanoma of the skin (replication IVW p-value = 2.13E-39), actinic keratosis (replication IVW p-value = 4.64E-32), and seborrhoeic keratosis (replication IVW p-value = 1.79E-3).Conclusion: Our observation shows that the tanning response to sun exposure is positively correlated with the development of skin diseases in people of European descent by Mendelian randomization studies. But randomized controlled trials are still needed to add proof to our observations.
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29
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Enhancement of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability by Modulation of Cutaneous Nitric Oxide Stores. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092124. [PMID: 36140225 PMCID: PMC9496039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of nitric oxide (NO) in the skin plays a critical role in wound healing and the response to several stimuli, such as UV exposure, heat, infection, and inflammation. Furthermore, in the human body, NO is involved in vascular homeostasis and the regulation of blood pressure. Physiologically, a family of enzymes termed nitric oxide synthases (NOS) generates NO. In addition, there are many methods of non-enzymatic/NOS-independent NO generation, e.g., the reduction of NO derivates (NODs) such as nitrite, nitrate, and nitrosylated proteins under certain conditions. The skin is the largest and heaviest human organ and contains a comparatively high concentration of these NODs; therefore, it represents a promising target for many therapeutic strategies for NO-dependent pathological conditions. In this review, we give an overview of how the cutaneous NOD stores can be targeted and modulated, leading to a further accumulation of NO-related compounds and/or the local and systemic release of bioactive NO, and eventually, NO-related physiological effects with a potential therapeutical use for diseases such as hypertension, disturbed microcirculation, impaired wound healing, and skin infections.
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30
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Taylor BV. What causes multiple sclerosis? Getting closer to the answers. Med J Aust 2022; 217:180-182. [DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
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31
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Weller RB, Macintyre IM, Melville V, Farrugia M, Feelisch M, Webb DJ. The effect of daily UVA phototherapy for 2 weeks on clinic and 24-h blood pressure in individuals with mild hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2022:10.1038/s41371-022-00729-2. [PMID: 35931819 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Latitude and season determine exposure to ultraviolet radiation and correlate with population blood pressure. Evidence for Vitamin D causing this relationship is inconsistent, and temperature changes are only partly responsible for BP variation. In healthy individuals, a single irradiation with 20 J/cm2 UVA mobilises NO from cutaneous stores to the circulation, causes arterial vasodilatation, and elicits a transient fall in BP. We, therefore, tested whether low-dose daily UVA phototherapy might be an effective treatment for mild hypertension. 13 patients with untreated high-normal or stage 1 hypertension (BP 130-159/85-99 mm Hg), confirmed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), were recruited. Using home phototherapy lamps they were either exposed to 5 J/cm2 full body UVA (320-410 nm) radiation each day for 14 days, or sham-irradiated with lamps filtered to exclude wavelengths <500 nm. After a washout period of 3 ± 1 week, the alternate irradiation was delivered. 24-h ABP was measured on day 0 before either irradiation sequence and on day 14. Clinic BP was recorded on day 0, and within 90 min of irradiation on day 14. There was no effect on 24-h ABP following UVA irradiation. Clinic BP shortly after irradiation fell with UVA (-8.0 ± 2.9/-3.8 ± 1.1 mm Hg p = 0.034/0.029) but not sham irradiation (1.1 ± 3.0/0.9 ± 1.5 mm Hg). Once daily low-dose UVA does not control mildly elevated BP although it produces a transient fall shortly after irradiation. More frequent exposure to UVA might be effective. Alternatively, UVB, which photo-releases more NO from skin, could be tried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Edinburgh Skin Network, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Iain M Macintyre
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,University Clinical Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vanessa Melville
- University Clinical Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Farrugia
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David J Webb
- University Clinical Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Young AR, Schalka S, Temple RC, Simeone E, Sohn M, Kohlmann C, Morelli M. Innovative digital solution supporting sun protection and vitamin D synthesis by using satellite-based monitoring of solar radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1853-1868. [DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chang Z, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Fu J, Liu Y, Tang S, Han Y, Fan Z. Association of sunshine duration with acute myocardial infarction hospital admissions in Beijing, China: A time-series analysis within-summer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154528. [PMID: 35292318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the years, various epidemiological studies found that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) often shows seasonal rhythm patterning, which is usually influenced by the variations of environmental factors, such as air pollution, ambient temperature, solar activity, relative humidity. However, there are few studies on the impact of sunlight-induced AMI especially in developing countries, and they had inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine within-summer variations in the temporal association between sun exposure and AMI. METHODS We obtained hospitalization data for AMI of Beijing during 2013-2019. We used a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with a quasi-Poisson regression model to estimate the non-linear lag effects of sunshine duration on AMI incidences. We evaluated the overall effect of AMI admissions with exposure to sunshine duration in the lag 0-21 days. RESULTS A total of 45,301 AMI cases were enrolled in our study during summer (June-September). The minimum of the morbidity was during days with a sunshine duration of 3.9 h. We found significant and U-shaped associations between sunshine duration and AMI, and the overall estimated relative risk was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.02,1.62) and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28,2.24) for short (1st percentile) and long (99th percentile) sunshine duration, respectively. The males and younger people (<65 years) were most susceptible to these effects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that both short and long sunshine duration could increase the risk of AMI admissions, especially for males and younger people. We suggest that public health policymakers should fully consider the balance of the pros and cons of solar exposure, and provide appropriate public health recommendations accordingly to gain the greatest benefits from sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen'ge Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yitao Han
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Vitamin D Status among Women in a Rural District of Nepal: Determinants and Association with Metabolic Profile-A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112309. [PMID: 35684109 PMCID: PMC9182746 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent worldwide, and especially in South-Asia. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), 25(OH)D levels below 30 nmol/L are defined as vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and levels between 30−50 nmol/L as insufficiency (VDI). Besides its role in calcium homeostasis, it has been postulated that vitamin D is involved in metabolic syndrome. Given the scarcity of data on vitamin D status in Nepal, we aimed to examine the prevalence of VDD and VDI, as well as the determinants and association with metabolic parameters (lipids, HbA1c), in a cohort of women in rural Nepal. Altogether, 733 women 48.5 ± 11.7 years of age were included. VDD and VDI were observed in 6.3 and 42.4% of the participants, respectively, and the prevalence increased by age. Women reporting intake of milk and eggs > 2 times weekly had higher 25(OH)D levels than those reporting intake < 2 times weekly. Women with vitamin D levels < 50 nmol/L displayed higher levels of cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and HbA1c. Additionally, a regression analysis showed a significant association between hypovitaminosis D, dyslipidemia, and HbA1c elevation. In conclusion, VDI was prevalent and increased with age. Milk and egg intake > 2 times weekly seemed to decrease the risk of VDI. Moreover, hypovitaminosis D was associated with an adverse metabolic profile.
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Ostkamp P, Schwab N. Effects of Latitude and Sunlight on Multiple Sclerosis Severity: Two Peas in a Pod? Neurology 2022; 98:997-998. [PMID: 35410911 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ostkamp
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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36
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Development of liposomal formulations of the eggplant glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Study of NBT-Pluronic F-127 Gels as 1D UV Radiation Dosimeters for Measurement of Artificial Light Sources. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072370. [PMID: 35407702 PMCID: PMC8999834 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on radiochromic dosimeters for 1D UV light measurements. The dosimeter is composed of a 25% Pluronic F–127 that forms a physical gel matrix and nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) as a radiation-sensitive compound. This dosimeter was exposed to UVA, UVB and UVC radiation, and the radiochromic reactions were followed with reflectance spectrophotometry including changes in light reflectance and color coordinates in the CIELAB color system. The exposition of dosimeters to all UV radiation caused color changes from pale yellow to dark violet, and its intensity increased with increasing absorbed dose. The effects of NBT concentration and UV radiation type on the dose–response of the dosimeters were also examined. The results obtained reveal that the dosimeters are the least sensitive to irradiation with UVC and the most sensitive to irradiation with UVB (e.g., dosimeter with 2 g/dm3 of NBT was characterized by the following parameters: the threshold dose 0.1 J/cm2; the dose sensitivity −5.97 ± 0.69 cm2/J; the linear dose range 0.1–2.5 J/cm2; the dynamic dose range was equal to 0.1–3 J/cm2). The results obtained reveal that the NBT–Pluronic F–127 dosimeters can be potentially useful as 1D sensors for artificial UV radiation sources measurements.
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Wikramanayake TC, Chéret J, Sevilla A, Birch-Machin M, Paus R. Targeting mitochondria in dermatological therapy: Beyond oxidative damage and skin aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:233-259. [PMID: 35249436 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2049756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The analysis of the role of the mitochondria in oxidative damage and skin aging is a significant aspect of dermatological research. Mitochondria generate most reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, excessive ROS are cytotoxic and DNA-damaging and promote (photo-)aging. ROS also possesses key physiological and regulatory functions and mitochondrial dysfunction is prominent in several skin diseases including skin cancers. Although many standard dermatotherapeutics modulate mitochondrial function, dermatological therapy rarely targets the mitochondria. Accordingly, there is a rationale for "mitochondrial dermatology"-based approaches to be applied to therapeutic research. AREAS COVERED This paper examines the functions of mitochondria in cutaneous physiology beyond energy (ATP) and ROS production. Keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier maintenance, appendage morphogenesis and homeostasis, photoaging and skin cancer are considered. Based on related PubMed search results, the paper evaluates thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, Vitamin D3 derivatives, retinoids, cannabinoid receptor agonists, PPARγ agonists, thyrotropin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone as instructive lead compounds. Moreover, the mitochondrial protein MPZL3 as a promising new drug target for future "mitochondrial dermatology" is highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Future dermatological therapeutic research should have a mitochondrial medicine emphasis. Focusing on selected lead agents, protein targets, in silico drug design, and model diseases will fertilize a mito-centric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Alec Sevilla
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, and The UK National Innovation Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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Davis GE, Davis MJ, Lowell WE. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the incidence and severity of major mental illness using birth month, birth year, and sunspot data. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09197. [PMID: 35368522 PMCID: PMC8969152 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The evaluation of the severity of patients afflicted with major mental illness (MMI) has been problematic because of confounding variables and genetic variability. There have been multiple studies that suggest several human diseases, especially schizophrenia, are predisposed to be born in certain months or seasons. This observation implied an epigenetic effect of sunlight, likely ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is damaging to DNA, especially in an embryo. This paper outlines a method to evaluate the severity of schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and schizoaffective disorder (SZ-AFF) using the month/year of birth of those affected compared to the month/year of birth of the general population (GP). Relevance Our previous research found that more intense UVR (equal to or greater than 90 sunspot number (SSN)) had a negative effect on the average human lifespan. Also, human birth rates vary in frequency by month of birth reflecting variables like availability of food, sunlight, and other unknown epigenetic factors. We wanted to see if the patient month of birth varied from the average birth months of the general population and if UVR has an epigenetic effect promoting these diseases. Methods We obtained the month and year of birth of 1,233 patients admitted over a 15-year period to Maine's largest state psychiatric hospital and counted the months of birth for each diagnosis of SZ, BPD, and SZ-AFF, and compared these results to the general population's birth months of 4,265,555 persons from U. S. Census Year 2006. The number of patients in each month was normalized to August and compared with the normalized birth months of the general population (GP). Plots of the normalized months were considered rates of change (e.g., derivatives) and their respective integrals gave domains of each mental illness relative to the GP. Normalizing the GP to unity was then related to the factor 1.28, e.g., 28% more entropy, deduced from the Sun's fractal dimension imprinted on biological organisms. Results The percent of patients meeting our criterion for severity: SZ = 27%; BPD = 26%; SZ-AFF = 100%. Conclusions High UVR intensity or a rapid increase in UVR in early gestation are likely epigenetic triggers of major mental illness. BPD is more epigenetically affected than SZ or SZ-AFF disorders. We found that 52% of 1,233 patients comprised the core function of a tertiary-care psychiatric hospital. Also, mental illness exacerbated when the median SSN doubled. This work also validates the Kraeplinian dichotomy. What is new in this research This paper offers a new paradigm for evaluating the severity of MMI and supports significant epigenetic effects from UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Davis
- Riverview Psychiatric Center, 250 Arsenal Street, State House Station #11, Augusta, Maine, 04333-0011, USA
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Riverview Psychiatric Center, 250 Arsenal Street, State House Station #11, Augusta, Maine, 04333-0011, USA
| | - Walter E Lowell
- Riverview Psychiatric Center, 250 Arsenal Street, State House Station #11, Augusta, Maine, 04333-0011, USA
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Multilevel Analysis of the Nutritional and Health Status among Children and Adolescents in Eastern China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040758. [PMID: 35215409 PMCID: PMC8877382 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify multiple nutritional health problems and the relevant factors among children and adolescents aged 7–17 years. This study was part of the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016–2017, conducted in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. After sampling, 3025 school-age children and adolescents were enrolled into this study. Demographic information collections and anthropometric measurements were conducted by trained local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff. Venous blood in the amount of 6 mL was drawn from each participant in the morning and used for testing biochemical and nutritional indicators. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis were used for overnutrition- and undernutrition-related disorders to test relevant personal, parental, and household factors. The prevalence of wasting, overweight, and obesity was 5.5%, 14.8%, and 12.7%, respectively. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was prevalent among 5.1% of participants. Among the study participants, 29.5% had hyperuricemia. The overall prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high total cholesterol (TC) of all participants was 4.8% and 7.4%, respectively. 0.9% of the participants had vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and 14.6% had marginal vitamin A deficiency; 25.1% had vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and 54.5% had inadequate vitamin D levels. Anemia was present in 4.0% of all participants. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 4.8%. Demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, parents’ characteristics, and family characteristics were associated with these multiple malnutrition disorders. The double burdens of malnutrition, which includes overnutrition- and undernutrition-related diseases, were prevalent among the school-age children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. There were various factors related to different nutritional problems. Thus, health education focusing on behavior intervention and nutrition education are necessary in containing nutritional problems among children.
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Sebastian P, Cherbuin N, Barcellos LF, Roalstad S, Casper C, Hart J, Aaen GS, Krupp L, Benson L, Gorman M, Candee M, Chitnis T, Goyal M, Greenberg B, Mar S, Rodriguez M, Rubin J, Schreiner T, Waldman A, Weinstock-Guttman B, Graves J, Waubant E, Lucas R. Association Between Time Spent Outdoors and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology 2022; 98:e267-e278. [PMID: 34880094 PMCID: PMC8792813 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000013045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the contributions of sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Children with MS and controls recruited from multiple centers in the United States were matched on sex and age. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association of time spent outdoors daily in summer, use of sun protection, and ambient summer UVR dose in the year before birth and the year before diagnosis with MS risk, with adjustment for sex, age, race, birth season, child's skin color, mother's education, tobacco smoke exposure, being overweight, and Epstein-Barr virus infection. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-two children with MS (median disease duration 7.3 months) and 534 controls were included after matching on sex and age. In a fully adjusted model, compared to spending <30 minutes outdoors daily during the most recent summer, greater time spent outdoors was associated with a marked reduction in the odds of developing MS, with evidence of dose-response (30 minutes-1 hour: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.99, p = 0.05; 1-2 hours: AOR 0.19, 95% CI 0.09-0.40, p < 0.001). Higher summer ambient UVR dose was also protective for MS (AOR 0.76 per 1 kJ/m2, 95% CI 0.62-0.94, p = 0.01). DISCUSSION If this is a causal association, spending more time in the sun during summer may be strongly protective against developing pediatric MS, as well as residing in a sunnier location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Sebastian
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Shelly Roalstad
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Charles Casper
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Janace Hart
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Gregory S Aaen
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Lauren Krupp
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Leslie Benson
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Mark Gorman
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Meghan Candee
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Manu Goyal
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Benjamin Greenberg
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Soe Mar
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Jennifer Rubin
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Teri Schreiner
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Amy Waldman
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Jennifer Graves
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego.
| | - Robyn Lucas
- From the Australian National University Medical School (P.S.), Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing (N.C.), and National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (R.L.), Australian National University, Canberra; Division of Epidemiology (L.F.B.), University of California Berkeley; Department of Pediatrics (S.R., C.C.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (J.H.) and Department of Neurology (E.W.), University of California San Francisco; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (G.S.A.), Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, CA; MS Comprehensive Care Center (L.K.), New York University Langone, NY; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Program (L.B., M. Gorman), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.C.), University of Utah Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston; Department of Radiology (M. Goyal), Washington University St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas; Pediatric-Onset Demyelinating Diseases and Autoimmune Encephalitis Center (S.M.), St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, MO; Mayo Clinic Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric Neurology (J.R.), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Children's Hospital Colorado (T.S.), University of Colorado, Denver; Division of Neurology (A.W.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center (B.W.-G.), Jacobs Neurological Institute, State University of New York Buffalo; and Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California San Diego
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Sarinho E, Ribeiro JD, Camargos P. The Sun also rises. J Bras Pneumol 2022; 47:e20210473. [PMID: 35019057 PMCID: PMC8836622 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Sarinho
- . Área Acadêmica de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife (PE) Brasil
| | - José Dirceu Ribeiro
- . Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas (SP) Brasil
| | - Paulo Camargos
- . Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG) Brasil
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Brogniez C, Doré JF, Auriol F, Cesarini P, Minvielle F, Deroo C, Catalfamo M, Metzger JM, Da Conceicao P. Erythemal and vitamin D weighted solar UV dose-rates and doses estimated from measurements in mainland France and on Réunion Island. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112330. [PMID: 34678614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solar UV radiation causes beneficial and detrimental changes in human health. International and national Health agencies recommend avoiding sun exposure when the solar rays are strongest (typically 2 h before and after solar noon). In this study we detail and refine such recommendations. We estimated biologically-effective radiation (inductive of erythema and pre-vitamin D) using spectral solar UV radiation measurements on a horizontal plane at three French sites equipped with spectroradiometers: Villeneuve d'Ascq (VDA) (North of France); Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) (French Southern Alps); and Saint-Denis de La Réunion (SDR) on Réunion Island, in the Indian Ocean. These sites are very different: VDA is a semi-urban site in a flat region, OHP a rural mountainous site and SDR a coastal urban site on a small mountainous island. Biologically active radiation was analyzed by studying erythema induction and measuring pre-vitamin D synthesis. Dose-rates, doses and times for sunburn induction and vitamin D production were derived. Regarding the level of vitamin D dose considered here (1000 IU), we found that at mainland sites time required for vitamin D synthesis was relatively long, even around solar noon, in winter months this could be 2-3 h for phototype II individuals exposing their face and hands. In the tropics vitamin D could always be synthesized in a reasonable time (e.g. 20 min in winter). By contrast, in summer, the required duration times (exposing face, hands, arms and legs) are very short, approximately 2-4 min on the mainland and 1 min in the tropics for phototype II individuals. In all skin phototypes the duration of sun exposure required to induce erythema was generally longer than that to produce vitamin D. These quantitative results, obtained using an instrument measuring on a horizontal plane and with an unobstructed view, do not represent realistic values for human exposure. To account for realistic human body exposure, received doses and times of exposure were adjusted. Our study shows that, mostly in summer, the time periods where limited solar exposure is recommended should be extended, especially at low latitude locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Brogniez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-François Doré
- INSERM U 1296 Radiations, Défense, Santé, Environnement, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69000 Lyon, France.
| | - Frédérique Auriol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Pierre Cesarini
- Association Sécurité Solaire, Fondation A. de Rothschild, 25 rue Manin, F-75019 Paris, France.
| | - Fanny Minvielle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Christine Deroo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Maxime Catalfamo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA - Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Metzger
- UMS 3365 - OSU Réunion, Université de La Réunion, F-97744 St-Denis de La Réunion, France.
| | - Pierre Da Conceicao
- UMS 3470 - OSU Pytheas, Observatoire de Haute-Provence, F-04870 St-Michel-l'Observatoire, France.
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Lawrence KP, Delinasios GJ, Premi S, Young AR, Cooke MS. Perspectives on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers-Rise of the Dark Dimers †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:609-616. [PMID: 34706095 DOI: 10.1111/php.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Some early reports demonstrate that levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) may increase after UVR exposure had ended, although these observations were treated as artifacts. More recently, it has been shown unequivocally that CPD formation does occur post-irradiation, with maximal levels occurring after about 2-3 h. These lesions have been termed "dark CPD" (dCPD). Subsequent studies have confirmed their presence in vitro, in mouse models and in human skin in vivo. Melanin carbonyls have a role in the formation of dCPD, but they have also been observed in amelanotic systems, indicating other, unknown process(es) exist. In both cases, the formation of dCPD can be prevented by the presence of certain antioxidants. We lack data on the spectral dependence of dCPD, but it is unlikely to be the same as for incident CPD (iCPD), which are formed only during irradiation. There is evidence that iCPD and dCPD may have different repair kinetics, although this remains to be elucidated. It is also unknown whether iCPD and dCPD have different biological properties. The formation of dCPD in human skin in vivo has implications for post solar exposure photoprotection, and skin carcinogenesis, with a need for this to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Lawrence
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sanjay Premi
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Antony R Young
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Nakano T, Chiang KC, Chen CC, Chen PJ, Lai CY, Hsu LW, Ohmori N, Goto T, Chen CL, Goto S. Sunlight Exposure and Phototherapy: Perspectives for Healthy Aging in an Era of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010950. [PMID: 34682694 PMCID: PMC8535353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most humans depend on sunlight exposure to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D3. However, the destruction of the ozone layer in the past few decades has increased the risk of skin aging and wrinkling caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which may also promote the risk of skin cancer development. The promotion of public health recommendations to avoid sunlight exposure would reduce the risk of skin cancer, but it would also enhance the risk of vitamin D3 insufficiency/deficiency, which may cause disease development and progression. In addition, the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic may further reduce sunlight exposure due to stay-at-home policies, resulting in difficulty in active and healthy aging. In this review article, we performed a literature search in PubMed and provided an overview of basic and clinical data regarding the impact of sunlight exposure and vitamin D3 on public health. We also discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical value of phototherapy with a full-spectrum light (notably blue, red, and near-infrared light) as an alternative to sunlight exposure, which may contribute to combating COVID-19 and promoting active and healthy aging in current aged/superaged societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (S.G.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (T.N.); +81-975-53-2165 (S.G.)
| | - Kuei-Chen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Naoya Ohmori
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Kazusa Institute for Drug Discovery, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Goto
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Kazusa Institute for Drug Discovery, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Nobeoka Medical Check Center, Fukuoka Institution of Occupational Health, Nobeoka 882-0872, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (S.G.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (T.N.); +81-975-53-2165 (S.G.)
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Young AR, Morgan KA, Harrison GI, Lawrence KP, Petersen B, Wulf HC, Philipsen PA. A revised action spectrum for vitamin D synthesis by suberythemal UV radiation exposure in humans in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015867118. [PMID: 34580202 PMCID: PMC8501902 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015867118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Action spectra are important biological weighting functions for risk/benefit analyses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR) exposure. One important human benefit of exposure to terrestrial solar UVB radiation (∼295 to 315 nm) is the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3 that is initiated by the photoconversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 An action spectrum for this process that is followed by other nonphotochemical steps to achieve biologically active vitamin D3 has been established from ex vivo data and is widely used, although its validity has been questioned. We tested this action spectrum in vivo by full- or partial-body suberythemal irradiation of 75 healthy young volunteers with five different polychromatic UVR spectra on five serial occasions. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels, as the most accurate measure of vitamin D3 status, were assessed before, during, and after the exposures. These were then used to generate linear dose-response curves that were different for each UVR spectrum. It was established that the previtamin D3 action spectrum was not valid when related to the serum 25(OH)D3 levels, as weighting the UVR doses with this action spectrum did not result in a common regression line unless it was adjusted by a blue shift, with 5 nm giving the best fit. Such a blue shift is in accord with the published in vitro action spectra for vitamin D3 synthesis. Thus, calculations regarding the risk (typically erythema) versus the benefit of exposure to solar UVR based on the ex vivo previtamin D3 action spectrum require revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony R Young
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
| | - Kylie A Morgan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Graham I Harrison
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Karl P Lawrence
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Bibi Petersen
- Global Medical Affairs, LEO Pharma, 2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology D92, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter A Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology D92, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Biochemical characteristics and calcium and PTH levels of patients with high normal and elevated serum 25(OH)D levels in Turkey: DeVIT-TOX survey. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:138. [PMID: 34536116 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-01002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vitamin D intake over the recommended dose is usually associated with high serum 25(OH)D levels and generally not associated with symptoms of hypercalcemia. High doses of cholecalciferol need to be avoided to protect against vitamin D toxicity and related complications. Strict adherence to the clinical guidelines for treating vitamin D deficiency can ensure safe and effective treatment. PURPOSE We observed a tendency to use high doses of cholecalciferol for vitamin D deficiency treatment or vitamin D supplementation. We aimed to determine the biochemical characteristics of patients with high normal and elevated serum 25(OH)D levels. METHODS An online invitation was sent to all tertiary endocrinology clinics in Turkey to complete an online retrospective survey (DeVIT-TOX Survey) for patients diagnosed with high serum 25(OH)D levels (> 88 ng/mL) between January 2019 and December 2019. The patients were evaluated according to the presence of signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia and doses of vitamin D intake, evaluated into the following three groups according to their 25(OH)D levels: group 1, > 150 ng/mL; group 2, 149-100 ng/mL; and group 3, 99-88 ng/mL. RESULTS A total of 253 patients were included in the final analysis (female/male: 215/38; mean age, 51.5 ± 15.6 years). The average serum 25(OH)D level was 119.9 ± 33 (range, 88-455) ng/mL, and the average serum calcium level was 9.8 ± 0.7 (range, 8.1-13.1) mg/dL. Most (n = 201; 75.4%) patients were asymptomatic despite having high serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels. The serum 25(OH)D level was significantly higher in the symptomatic groups than in the asymptomatic groups (138.6 ± 64 ng/mL vs. 117.7 ± 31 ng/mL, p < 0.05). The most common cause (73.5%) associated with high serum 25(OH)D levels was the inappropriate prescription of a high dose of oral vitamin D (600.000-1.500.000 IU) for treating vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in a short time (1-3 months). The cut-off value of 25 (OH) D level in patients with hypercalcemia was found to be 89 ng/mL [median 116.5 (89-216)]. CONCLUSIONS High dose of vitamin D intake is associated with a high serum 25 OH D level, without symptoms of hypercalcemia. Inappropriate prescription of vitamin D is the primary cause for elevated 25(OH) D levels and related hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia may not be observed in every patient at very high 25(OH) D levels. Adherence to the recommendation of guidelines is essential to ensure safe and effective treatment of vitamin D deficiency.
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Dunlop E, Kiely ME, James AP, Singh T, Pham NM, Black LJ. Vitamin D Food Fortification and Biofortification Increases Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Adults and Children: An Updated and Extended Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Nutr 2021; 151:2622-2635. [PMID: 34113994 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vitamin D status is a global public health issue that vitamin D food fortification and biofortification may help to alleviate. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of vitamin D food fortification and biofortification on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. We expanded the scope of earlier reviews to include adults and children, to evaluate effects by vitamin D vitamer, and investigate linear and nonlinear dose-response relations. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and gray and unpublished literature sites for randomized controlled trials, including people of all ages, with the criteria: absence of illness affecting vitamin D absorption, duration ≥4 wk, equivalent placebo food control, dose quantification, dose ≥5 μg/d, baseline and endpoint or absolute change in 25(OH)D concentrations reported, random allocation, and participant blinding. Quality was assessed using the Jadad Scale. RESULTS Data from 34 publications (2398 adults: 1345 intervention, 1053 controls; 1532 children: 970 intervention, 562 controls) were included. Random-effects meta-analysis of all studies combined (mean dose 16.2 μg/d) indicated a pooled treatment effect of 21.2 nmol/L (95% CI: 16.2, 26.2), with a greater effect for studies using cholecalciferol than ergocalciferol. Heterogeneity was high (I2 > 75%). Metaregression analyses for all studies combined suggested positive effect differences for baseline circulating 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L, dose ≥10 μg/d and a negative effect difference when the intervention arm included a calcium dose ≥500 mg/d greater than the control arm. Dose-response rates were found to be nonlinear (Wald test for nonlinearity P < 0.001). For all studies combined, a threshold occurred at ∼26 nmol/L for a dose of ∼21 μg/d. CONCLUSIONS These results support use of vitamin D food fortification to improve circulating 25(OH)D circulations in populations. This work was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42020145497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Dunlop
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Mairead E Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anthony P James
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Tanya Singh
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Lucinda J Black
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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49
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Soueid L, Triguero-Mas M, Dalmau A, Barrera-Gómez J, Alonso L, Basagaña X, Thieden E, Wulf HC, Diffey B, Young AR, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Dadvand P. Estimating personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure through time spent outdoors, ambient levels and modelling approaches. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:266-273. [PMID: 34403140 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on validation of surrogates applied to evaluate the personal exposure levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in epidemiological studies is scarce. OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the validity of three approaches, including (i) ambient UVR levels, (ii) time spent outdoors, and (iii) a modelling approach integrating the aforementioned parameters, to estimate personal UVR exposure over a period of six months among indoor and outdoor workers and in different seasons (summer/winter). METHODS This validation study was part of the EU ICEPURE project and was performed between July 2010 and January 2011 in a convenience sample of indoor and outdoor workers in Catalunya - Spain. We developed linear regression models to quantify the variation in the objectively measured personal UVR exposure that could be explained, separately, by the ambient UVR, time spent outdoors, and modelled UVR levels. RESULTS Our 39 participants - mostly male and with a median age of 35 years- presented a median daily objectively measured UVR of 0.37 standard erythemal doses (SEDs). The UVR dose was statistically significantly higher in summer and for outdoor workers. The modelled personal UVR exposure and self-reported time spent outdoors could reasonably predict the variation in the objectively measured personal UVR levels (R2 = (0.75, 0.79)), whereas ambient UVR was a poor predictor (R2 =0.21). No notable differences were found between seasons or occupation. CONCLUSIONS Time outdoors and our modelling approach were reliable predictors and of value to be applied in epidemiological studies of the health effects of current exposure to UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soueid
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Triguero-Mas
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, ICTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Dalmau
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Barrera-Gómez
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Alonso
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Thieden
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H C Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Diffey
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - A R Young
- King's College London, St John´s Institute of Dermatology, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Jablonski NG. The evolution of human skin pigmentation involved the interactions of genetic, environmental, and cultural variables. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:707-729. [PMID: 33825328 PMCID: PMC8359960 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The primary biological role of human skin pigmentation is as a mediator of penetration of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) into the deep layers of skin and the cutaneous circulation. Since the origin of Homo sapiens, dark, protective constitutive pigmentation and strong tanning abilities have been favored under conditions of high UVR and represent the baseline condition for modern humans. The evolution of partly depigmented skin and variable tanning abilities has occurred multiple times in prehistory, as populations have dispersed into environments with lower and more seasonal UVR regimes, with unique complements of genes and cultural practices. The evolution of extremes of dark pigmentation and depigmentation has been rare and occurred only under conditions of extremely high or low environmental UVR, promoted by positive selection on variant pigmentation genes followed by limited gene flow. Over time, the evolution of human skin pigmentation has been influenced by the nature and course of human dispersals and modifications of cultural practices, which have modified the nature and actions of skin pigmentation genes. Throughout most of prehistory and history, the evolution of human skin pigmentation has been a contingent and non-deterministic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G. Jablonski
- Department of AnthropologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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