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Noor S, Ali S, Summer M, Riaz A, Nazakat L, Aqsa. Therapeutic Role of Probiotics Against Environmental-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Mechanisms, Clinical Perspectives, Limitations, and Future. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10365-6. [PMID: 39316257 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is one of the biggest health challenges, particularly in the context of liver diseases, often aggravated by gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gut-liver axis has been regarded as a key idea in liver health. It indicates that changes in gut flora caused by various hepatotoxicants, including alcoholism, acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride, and thioacetamide, can affect the balance of the gut's microflora, which may lead to increased dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. As a result, bacterial endotoxins would eventually enter the bloodstream and liver, causing hepatotoxicity and inducing inflammatory reactions. Many treatments, including liver transplantation and modern drugs, can be used to address these issues. However, because of the many side effects of these approaches, scientists and medical experts are still hoping for a therapeutic approach with fewer side effects and more positive results. Thus, probiotics have become well-known as an adjunctive strategy for managing, preventing, or reducing hepatotoxicity in treating liver injury. By altering the gut microbiota, probiotics offer a secure, non-invasive, and economical way to improve liver health in the treatment of hepatotoxicity. Through various mechanisms such as regulation of gut microbiota, reduction of pathogenic overgrowth, suppression of inflammatory mediators, modification of hepatic lipid metabolism, improvement in the performance of the epithelial barrier of the gut, antioxidative effects, and modulation of mucosal immunity, probiotics play their role in the treatment and prevention of hepatotoxicity. This review highlights the mechanistic effects of probiotics in environmental toxicants-induced hepatotoxicity and current findings on this therapeutic approach's experimental and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehzeen Noor
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anfah Riaz
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Nazakat
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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2
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Rong J, Zhang Z, Peng X, Li P, Zhao T, Zhong Y. Mechanisms of hepatic and renal injury in lipid metabolism disorders in metabolic syndrome. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:4783-4798. [PMID: 39309427 PMCID: PMC11414397 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that identifies people at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. MetS is characterized by lipid disorders, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are thought to be the common hepatic and renal manifestations of MetS following abnormal lipid metabolism. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of lipid deposition in NAFLD and DKD, highlighting the commonalities and differences in lipid metabolic pathways in NAFLD and DKD. Hepatic and renal steatosis is the result of lipid acquisition exceeding lipid processing, i.e., fatty acid uptake and lipid regeneration exceed fatty acid oxidation and export. This process is directly regulated by the interactions of nuclear receptors, transporter proteins and transcription factors, whereas pathways such as oxidative stress, autophagy, cellular pyroptosis and gut flora are also key regulatory hubs for lipid metabolic homeostasis but act slightly differently in the liver and kidney. Such insights based on liver-kidney similarities and differences offer potential options for improved treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Rong
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology A, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology A, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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3
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Baraghithy S, Gammal A, Permyakova A, Hamad S, Kočvarová R, Calles Y, Tam J. 5-Methoxy-2-aminoindane Reverses Diet-Induced Obesity and Improves Metabolic Parameters in Mice: A Potential New Class of Antiobesity Therapeutics. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2527-2543. [PMID: 39144560 PMCID: PMC11320730 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of obesity and its related disorders represents a daunting global health challenge. Unfortunately, current pharmacological interventions for obesity remain limited and are often associated with debilitating side effects. Against this backdrop, the psychoactive aminoindane derivative 5-methoxy-2-aminoindane (MEAI) has gained considerable attention for its ability to induce a pleasurable, alcohol-like sensation while curbing alcohol consumption. Given the potential impact of MEAI on food addiction and energy homeostasis, we examined its metabolic efficacy on appetite regulation, obesity, and related comorbidities under acute and chronic settings, utilizing a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Our results demonstrated that MEAI treatment significantly reduced DIO-induced overweight and adiposity by preserving lean mass and decreasing fat mass. Additionally, MEAI treatment exhibited positive effects on glycemic control by attenuating DIO-induced hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia. Furthermore, MEAI reduced DIO-induced hepatic steatosis by decreasing hepatic lipid accumulation and lowering liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels, primarily by inhibiting de novo lipid synthesis. Metabolic phenotyping revealed that MEAI increased energy expenditure and fat utilization while maintaining food consumption similar to that of the vehicle-treated group. Lastly, MEAI normalized voluntary locomotion actions without any overstimulatory effects. These findings provide compelling evidence for the antiobesity effects of MEAI treatment and call for further preclinical testing. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of MEAI as a novel therapeutic approach for treating obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, offering hope for the development of new treatment options for this global health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja Baraghithy
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Asaad Gammal
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Anna Permyakova
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Sharleen Hamad
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Radka Kočvarová
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Yael Calles
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory,
The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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4
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Yang L, Jiang Z, Yang L, Zheng W, Chen Y, Qu F, Crabbe MJC, Zhang Y, Andersen ME, Zheng Y, Qu W. Disinfection Byproducts of Haloacetaldehydes Disrupt Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Induce Lipotoxicity in High-Fat Culture Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12356-12367. [PMID: 38953388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles, obesity, and environmental pollutants are strongly correlated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Haloacetaldehyde-associated disinfection byproducts (HAL-DBPs) at various multiples of concentrations found in finished drinking water together with high-fat (HF) were examined to gauge their mixed effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. Using new alternative methods (NAMs), studying effects in human cells in vitro for risk assessment, we investigated the combined effects of HF and HAL-DBPs on hepatic lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in immortalized LO-2 human hepatocytes. Coexposure of HAL-DBPs at various multiples of environmental exposure levels with HF increased the levels of triglycerides, interfered with de novo lipogenesis, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and inhibited the secretion of very low-density lipoproteins. Lipid accumulation caused by the coexposure of HAL-DBPs and HF also resulted in more severe lipotoxicity in these cells. Our results using an in vitro NAM-based method provide novel insights into metabolic reprogramming in hepatocytes due to coexposure of HF and HAL-DBPs and strongly suggest that the risk of NAFLD in sensitive populations due to HAL-DBPs and poor lifestyle deserves further investigation both with laboratory and epidemiological tools. We also discuss how results from our studies could be used in health risk assessments for HAL-DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - M James C Crabbe
- Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6UD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, U.K
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Melvin E Andersen
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weidong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Li X, Liu C, Zhang R, Li Y, Ye D, Wang H, He M, Sun Y. Biosynthetic deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and ferroptosis-mediated hepatocyte injury. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107405. [PMID: 38788853 PMCID: PMC11231757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Exogenous omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have shown to exert beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by the excessive accumulation of lipids and chronic injury in the liver. However, the effect of endogenous DHA biosynthesis on the lipid homeostasis of liver is poorly understood. In this study, we used a DHA biosynthesis-deficient zebrafish model, elovl2 mutant, to explore the effect of endogenously biosynthesized DHA on hepatic lipid homeostasis. We found the pathways of lipogenesis and lipid uptake were strongly activated, while the pathways of lipid oxidation and lipid transport were inhibited in the liver of elovl2 mutants, leading to lipid droplet accumulation in the mutant hepatocytes and NAFLD. Furthermore, the elovl2 mutant hepatocytes exhibited disrupted mitochondrial structure and function, activated endoplasmic reticulum stress, and hepatic injury. We further unveiled that the hepatic cell death and injury was mainly mediated by ferroptosis, rather than apoptosis, in elovl2 mutants. Elevating DHA content in elovl2 mutants, either by the introduction of an omega-3 desaturase (fat1) transgene or by feeding with a DHA-rich diet, could strongly alleviate NAFLD features and ferroptosis-mediated hepatic injury. Together, our study elucidates the essential role of endogenous DHA biosynthesis in maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis and liver health, highlighting that DHA deficiency can lead to NAFLD and ferroptosis-mediated hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Houpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mudan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Zhang R, Yan Z, Zhong H, Luo R, Liu W, Xiong S, Liu Q, Liu M. Gut microbial metabolites in MASLD: Implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis and treatment. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0484. [PMID: 38967596 PMCID: PMC11227362 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increasing prevalence, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a major global health problem. MASLD is well-known as a multifactorial disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in the gut bacteria are 2 vital events in MASLD. Recent studies have highlighted the cross-talk between microbiota and mitochondria, and mitochondria are recognized as pivotal targets of the gut microbiota to modulate the host's physiological state. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in MASLD and is associated with multiple pathological changes, including hepatocyte steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Metabolites are crucial mediators of the gut microbiota that influence extraintestinal organs. Additionally, regulation of the composition of gut bacteria may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for MASLD. This study reviewed the potential roles of several common metabolites in MASLD, emphasizing their impact on mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the current treatments for MASLD, including probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. These methods concentrate on restoring the gut microbiota to promote host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaobo Yan
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Weiai Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Shulin Xiong
- Department of Preventive Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Qianyan Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
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7
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Lu R, Yang L, Jia S, Zhang Y, Xu X, Cao X, Sun J. Proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from fatty hepatocytes of grass carp. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38897922 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes participate in intercellular communication by carrying proteins, messenger RNA, microRNAs, and non-coding RNA. Fatty liver is a common phenomenon in farmed fish, but there has been little study of fatty hepatocytes-derived exosomes. Here, we successfully isolated exosomes from hepatocytes of grass carp, named Exos (hepatocytes-derived exosomes) and OA-Exos (fatty hepatocytes-derived exosomes), from which 617 differentially expressed proteins were identified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Of these, 320 proteins were promoted and 297 proteins were restrained, which were gathered in biological processes and cellular components (cellular processes, cells, and intracellular structures). The results of kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the differential expression proteins were gathered in "carbohydrate transport and metabolism", "translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis", "posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones", and "intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport". In addition, five differentially expressed exosomal proteins were further confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring, including 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase, cytochrome b5, fatty acid-binding protein domain-containing protein, metallothionein, and malate dehydrogenas, which were downregulated. These findings provided evidence that exosomes derived from fatty hepatocytes of grass carp may be biomarkers for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of fatty liver in fishery development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Lu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenzong Jia
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zong Y, Li H, Liao P, Chen L, Pan Y, Zheng Y, Zhang C, Liu D, Zheng M, Gao J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:124. [PMID: 38744846 PMCID: PMC11094169 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, with their intricate networks of functions and information processing, are pivotal in both health regulation and disease progression. Particularly, mitochondrial dysfunctions are identified in many common pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. However, the multifaceted nature and elusive phenotypic threshold of mitochondrial dysfunction complicate our understanding of their contributions to diseases. Nonetheless, these complexities do not prevent mitochondria from being among the most important therapeutic targets. In recent years, strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have continuously emerged and transitioned to clinical trials. Advanced intervention such as using healthy mitochondria to replenish or replace damaged mitochondria, has shown promise in preclinical trials of various diseases. Mitochondrial components, including mtDNA, mitochondria-located microRNA, and associated proteins can be potential therapeutic agents to augment mitochondrial function in immunometabolic diseases and tissue injuries. Here, we review current knowledge of mitochondrial pathophysiology in concrete examples of common diseases. We also summarize current strategies to treat mitochondrial dysfunction from the perspective of dietary supplements and targeted therapies, as well as the clinical translational situation of related pharmacology agents. Finally, this review discusses the innovations and potential applications of mitochondrial transplantation as an advanced and promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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9
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He H, Tang Y, Zhuang L, Zheng Y, Huang X. PINK1/Park2-Mediated Mitophagy Relieve Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Physiol Res 2024; 73:253-263. [PMID: 38710055 PMCID: PMC11081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to now, there's a limited number of studies on the relationship between PINK1/Park2 pathway and mitophagy in NAFLD. To investigate the effect of Park2-mediated mitophagy on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oleic acid was used for the establishment of NAFLD model. Oil red-dyed lipid drops and mitochondrial alternations were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Enzymatic kit was used to test lipid content. The levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA. Lenti-Park2 and Park2-siRNA were designed to upregulate and downregulate Park2 expression, respectively. The changing expression of PINK and Park2 was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to measure the amount of LC3. Successful NAFLD modeling was featured by enhanced lipid accumulation, as well as the elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), TNF-alpha and IL-8 levels. Mitochondria in NAFLD model were morphologically and functionally damaged. Park2 expression was upregulated by lenti-Park2 and downregulated through Park2-siRNA. The PINK1 expression showed the same trend as Park2 expression. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the when Park2 was overexpressed, more LC3 protein on mitochondrial autophagosome membrane was detected, whereas Park2 knockdown impeded LC3' locating on the membrane. The transmission electron microscopy image exhibited that the extent of damage to the mitochondrial in NAFLD model was revered by enhanced Park2 expression but further exacerbated by reduced Park2 expression. Park2-mediated mitophagy could relive NAFLD and may be a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment. Keywords: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Mitophagy, PINK1/Park2, Park2, PINK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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10
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Yang Y, Sun M, Yan S, Yao N, Li X, Wu C, Wu Z, Wang F, Cui W, Li B. LINC317.5 as a novel biomarker for hypertriglyceridemia in normal glucose metabolism. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:194. [PMID: 38670967 PMCID: PMC11053116 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global rise in prediabetes and diabetes, with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) being predominant, highlights the association between T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Patients with both abnormal glucose levels and HTG require increased attention due to higher risks of complications and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to find the key long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) of HTG in the abnormal glucose metabolism patients. We collected blood samples for RNA sequencing experiments and blood samples for validation in population. We have conducted RNA sequencing, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a 82-vs-82-sample-size population and insulin induced HepG2, RNA- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). We also explored lipid metabolism related transcription factor and the related protein expression and processed key lncRNA by both interference expression and overexpression, and the related consequences were rescued by its target mRNA. ENST00000540317.5 (LINC317.5) was lower in HTG with abnormal glucose metabolism and was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus in HepG2, inversely regulating the accumulation of TG and its target mRNA TKFC. Relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were decreasing, and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c) was increasing of the interference expression of LINC317.5. Interference expression of LINC317.5 significantly decreased the protein expression of ACADM and CPT1A, whereas increased the protein expression of FAS and ACC1. TKFC partly reduced the triglyceride (TG) accumulation of LINC317.5. In conclusion, we suggested LINC317.5-TKFC as a key for TG accumulation in the HepG2-insulin resistant (IR). These might provide information of non-invasive biomarkers for the HTG with abnormal glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
- Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710115, P. R. China
| | - Shoumeng Yan
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Caihong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zibo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Fengdan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
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11
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Chiang CH, Zhang TR, Hsu PS, Lin SP, Chen CY. Weight regain, but not weight loss exacerbates hepatic fibrosis during multiple weight cycling events in male mice. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:965-976. [PMID: 38265751 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight cycling is a phenomenon characterized by fluctuating body weight that is commonly observed in individuals employing intentional weight loss methods. Despite its prevalence, the impact of weight cycling on health remains equivocal. The current investigation aimed to examine the effects of weight cycling on liver health. METHODS The weight cycling model was established by switching the feeding method of mice between ad libitum (AL) and restricted intake (DR or 60% of AL) of the breeding diet to cause weight gain and weight loss, respectively. The weight cycling model comprised two and a half cycles, with one group terminating the experience during the weight-gain period (S-AL) and the other during the weight-loss period (S-DR). Liver tissue was collected to investigate morphology alterations, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial homeostasis. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the termination point of weight cycling affected body weight and hepatic steatosis. All parameters examined in the S-DR mice exhibited a comparable trend to those observed in the DR mice. Notably, S-AL mice showed a significant increase in lipid metabolism-related proteins in the liver compared to AL-fed mice, along with reduced lipid droplets. Moreover, hepatic apoptosis and fibrosis were exacerbated in the S-AL mice compared to AL mice, whereas mitochondrial fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy were decreased in the S-AL mice. CONCLUSION Weight cycling ending in weight gain exacerbated hepatic fibrosis, potentially by inducing apoptosis or disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. Conversely, weight cycling ending in weight loss demonstrated beneficial effects on hepatic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Rui Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Kunlayawutipong T, Apaijai N, Tepmalai K, Kongkarnka S, Leerapun A, Pinyopornpanish K, Soontornpun A, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N, Pinyopornpanish K. Imbalance of mitochondrial fusion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27557. [PMID: 38496899 PMCID: PMC10944232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation contribute to the pathophysiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). This study aims to evaluate the potential association between mitochondrial dynamics and cell death markers from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the presence of MASH with significant liver fibrosis among metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients. Consecutive patients undergoing bariatric surgery from January to December 2022 were included. Patients with histologic steatosis were classified into MASH with significant fibrosis (F2-4) group or MASLD/MASH without significant fibrosis group (F0-1). Mitochondrial dynamic proteins and cell death markers were extracted from PBMCs. A total of 23 MASLD/MASH patients were included (significant fibrosis group, n = 7; without significant fibrosis group, n = 16). Of the mitochondrial dynamics and cell death markers evaluated, OPA1 protein, a marker of mitochondrial fusion is higher in MASH patients with significant fibrosis compared to those without (0.861 ± 0.100 vs. 0.560 ± 0.260 proportional to total protein, p = 0.001). Mitochondrial fusion/fission (OPA1/DRP1) ratio is significantly higher in MASH patients with significant fibrosis (1.072 ± 0.307 vs. 0.634 ± 0.313, p = 0.009). OPA1 (per 0.01 proportional to total protein) was associated with the presence of significant liver fibrosis with an OR of 1.08 (95%CI, 1.01-1.15, p = 0.035), and adjusted OR of 1.10 (95%CI, 1.00-1.21, p = 0.042). OPA1 from PBMCs is associated with MASH and substantial fibrosis. Future studies should explore if OPA1 could serve as a novel non-invasive liver fibrosis marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaput Kunlayawutipong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokkan Tepmalai
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kongkarnka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apinya Leerapun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Atiwat Soontornpun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Pinyopornpanish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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13
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Moorthy R, Bhattamisra SK, Pandey M, Mayuren J, Kow CS, Candasamy M. Mitochondria and diabetes: insights and potential therapies. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:141-154. [PMID: 38347803 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2307526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents significant global health and economic challenges, contributing to complications such as stroke, cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction, and cancer. The current review explores the crucial role of mitochondria, essential for fuel metabolism, in diabetes-related processes. AREAS COVERED Mitochondrial deficits impact insulin-resistant skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, liver, and pancreatic β-cells, affecting glucose and lipid balance. Exercise emerges as a key factor in enhancing mitochondrial function, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncoupling, which generates heat instead of ATP, is discussed. We explore the intricate link between mitochondrial function and diabetes, investigating genetic interventions to mitigate diabetes-related complications. We also cover the impact of insulin deficiency on mitochondrial function, the role of exercise in addressing mitochondrial defects in insulin resistance, and the potential of mitochondrial uncoupling. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of Mitochondrial Replacement Therapies (MRT) techniques is presented. EXPERT OPINION MRTs hold promise in preventing the transmission of mitochondrial disease. However, addressing ethical, regulatory, and technical considerations is crucial. Integrating mitochondrial-based treatments requires a careful balance between innovation and safety. Ethical dimensions and regulatory aspects of MRT are examined, emphasizing collaborative efforts for the responsible advancement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renupiriya Moorthy
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Jayashree Mayuren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chia Siang Kow
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Murata R, Watanabe H, Iwakiri R, Chikamatsu M, Satoh T, Noguchi I, Yasuda K, Nishinoiri A, Yoshitake T, Nosaki H, Maeda H, Maruyama T. Albumin-fused thioredoxin ameliorates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25485. [PMID: 38352801 PMCID: PMC10861950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involves the simultaneous interaction of multiple factors such as lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Here, the effect of human serum albumin (HSA) fused to thioredoxin (Trx) on NASH was investigated. Trx is known to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. However, Trx is a low molecular weight protein and is rapidly eliminated from the blood. To overcome the low availability of Trx, HSA-Trx fusion protein was produced and evaluated the therapeutic effect on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH model mice. HSA-Trx administered before the formation of NASH pathology showed it to have a preventive effect. Specifically, HSA-Trx was found to prevent the pathological progression to NASH by suppressing lipid accumulation, liver injury markers, and liver fibrosis. When HSA-Trx was administered during the early stage of NASH there was a marked reduction in lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver, indicating that HSA-Trx ameliorates NASH pathology. The findings indicate that HSA-Trx influences multiple pathological factors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, to elicit a therapeutic benefit. HSA-Trx also inhibited palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that HSA-Trx has potential as a therapeutic agent for NASH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Murata
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Iwakiri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mayuko Chikamatsu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takao Satoh
- Kumamoto Industrial Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Isamu Noguchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kengo Yasuda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ayano Nishinoiri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshitake
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nosaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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15
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Dansou DM, Chen H, Yu Y, Yang Y, Tchana IN, Zhao L, Tang C, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Enrichment efficiency of lutein in eggs and its function in improving fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in aged laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103286. [PMID: 38100949 PMCID: PMC10762472 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the enrichment efficiency of lutein in eggs and its function in preventing fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in aged laying hens. Five groups of laying hens (65 wk old) were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90, or 120 mg/kg of lutein. The supplementation period lasted 12 wk followed by 2 wk of lutein depletion in feed. The results revealed that lutein efficiently enriched the egg yolks and improved their color with a significant increase in relative redness (P < 0.001). Lutein accumulation increased in the egg yolk until day 10, then depletion reached a minimum level after 14 d. Overall, zeaxanthin content in all the groups was similar throughout the experimental period. However, triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in the liver (P < 0.05) but not significantly different in the serum (P > 0.05). In the serum, the lipid metabolism enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), whereas dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 was not significantly different (P > 0.05), and there was no statistical difference of either enzyme in the liver (P > 0.05). Regarding oxidation and inflammation-related indexes, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factors alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta were decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity increased in the liver (P < 0.001). The function of lutein for the same indexes in serum was limited. It was concluded that lutein efficiently enriched the egg yolk of old laying hens to improve their color and reached the highest level on day 10 without being subject to a significant conversion into zeaxanthin. At the same time, lutein prevented liver steatosis in aged laying hens by exerting strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, but also through the modulation of lipid metabolism, which may contribute to reducing the incidence of FLHS in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné M Dansou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Isabelle N Tchana
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Maseko TE, Elkalaf M, Peterová E, Lotková H, Staňková P, Melek J, Dušek J, Žádníková P, Čížková D, Bezrouk A, Pávek P, Červinková Z, Kučera O. Comparison of HepaRG and HepG2 cell lines to model mitochondrial respiratory adaptations in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:18. [PMID: 38186319 PMCID: PMC10781417 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although some clinical studies have reported increased mitochondrial respiration in patients with fatty liver and early non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), there is a lack of in vitro models of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with similar findings. Despite being the most commonly used immortalized cell line for in vitro models of NAFLD, HepG2 cells exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs) exhibit a decreased mitochondrial respiration. On the other hand, the use of HepaRG cells to study mitochondrial respiratory changes following exposure to FFAs has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess cellular energy metabolism, particularly mitochondrial respiration, and lipotoxicity in FFA‑treated HepaRG and HepG2 cells. HepaRG and HepG2 cells were exposed to FFAs, followed by comparative analyses that examained cellular metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities, mitochondrial morphology, lipotoxicity, the mRNA expression of selected genes and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. FFAs stimulated mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in HepaRG cells, but not in HepG2 cells. Stimulated complex I, II‑driven respiration and β‑oxidation were linked to increased complex I and II activities in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells, but not in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. Exposure to FFAs disrupted mitochondrial morphology in both HepaRG and HepG2 cells. Lipotoxicity was induced to a greater extent in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells than in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. TAG accumulation was less prominent in HepaRG cells than in HepG2 cells. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that stimulated mitochondrial respiration is associated with lipotoxicity in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells, but not in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that HepaRG cells are more suitable for assessing mitochondrial respiratory adaptations in the developed in vitro model of early‑stage NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumisang Edward Maseko
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Moustafa Elkalaf
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Halka Lotková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Staňková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Melek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dušek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Žádníková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Čížková
- Department of Histology and Embryology Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Bezrouk
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Červinková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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17
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Jin S, Li Y, Xia T, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hu H, Chang Q, Yan M. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of selective autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00041-9. [PMID: 38295876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, whereas there is no approved drug therapy due to its complexity. Studies are emerging to discuss the role of selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, because the specificity among the features of selective autophagy makes it a crucial process in mitigating hepatocyte damage caused by aberrant accumulation of dysfunctional organelles, for which no other pathway can compensate. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the types, functions, and dynamics of selective autophagy that are of particular importance in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. And on this basis, the review outlines the therapeutic strategies against NAFLD, in particular the medications and potential natural products that can modulate selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of this disease. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The critical roles of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are well established, while reticulophagy and pexophagy are still being identified in this disease due to the insufficient understanding of their molecular details. As gradual blockage of autophagic flux reveals the complexity of NAFLD, studies unraveling the underlying mechanisms have made it possible to successfully treat NAFLD with multiple pharmacological compounds that target associated pathways. Overall, it is convinced that the continued research into selective autophagy occurring in NAFLD will further enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis and uncover novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianji Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yongguang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
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18
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Wang X, Wang J, Ying C, Xing Y, Su X, Men K. Fenofibrate alleviates NAFLD by enhancing the PPARα/PGC-1α signaling pathway coupling mitochondrial function. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:7. [PMID: 38173037 PMCID: PMC10765888 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To comprehend the influences of fenofibrate on hepatic lipid accumulation and mitochondrial function-related signaling pathways in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) secondary to high-fat diets together with free fatty acids-influenced HepG2 cells model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A random allocation of male 6-week C57BL/6J mice into three groups was done, including controls, model (14 weeks of a high-fat diet), and fenofibrate [similar to the model one with administered 0.04 g/(kg.d) fenofibrate by gavage at 11 weeks for 4 weeks] groups, which contained 10 mice each. This study verified NAFLD pathogenesis via mitochondrial functions in hepatic pathological abnormalities, liver index and weight, body weight, serum biochemical indexes, oxidative stress indicators, mitochondrial function indexes, and related signaling pathways. The effect of fenofibrate intervention was investigated in NAFLD model mice. In vitro, four groups based on HepG2 cells were generated, including controls, the FFA model (1.5 mmol/L FFA incubation for 24 h), LV-PGC-1α intervention (similar to the FFA model one after PPARGC1A lentivirus transfection), and LV control intervention (similar to the FFA model one after negative control lentivirus transfection) groups. The study investigated the mechanism of PGC-1α related to lipid decomposition and mitochondrial biosynthesis by Oil red O staining, colorimetry and western blot. RESULTS In vivo experiments, a high-fat diet achieved remarkable changes regarding liver weight, liver index, serum biochemical indicators, oxidative stress indicators, liver pathological changes, mitochondrial function indicators, and body weight of the NAFLD model mice while fenofibrate improved the objective indicators. In the HepG2 cells model, the lipid accumulation increased significantly within the FFA model group, together with aggravated hepatocytic damage and boosted oxidative stress levels. Moreover, FFA induced excessive mitosis into fragmented in mitochondrial morphology, ATP content in cells decreased, mtDNA replication fold decreased, the expression of lipid decomposition protein PPARα reduced, mitochondrial biosynthesis related protein PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM decreased. PGC-1α overexpression inhibited lipid deposition by improving mitochondrial biosynthesis and lipid decomposition. CONCLUSION Fenofibrate up-regulated PPARα/PGC-1α signaling pathway, promoted mitochondrial β-oxidation, reduced oxidative stress damage and lipid accumulation of liver. PGC-1α overexpression enhanced mitochondrial biosynthesis and ATP production, and reduced HepG2 intracellular accumulation of lipids and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- Department of public health, Xi'an Medical College, No. 1 Xinwang Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Jieying Wang
- Department of public health, Xi'an Medical College, No. 1 Xinwang Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Cao Ying
- Department of public health, Xi'an Medical College, No. 1 Xinwang Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Yuan Xing
- Department of public health, Xi'an Medical College, No. 1 Xinwang Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of public health, Xi'an Medical College, No. 1 Xinwang Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Ke Men
- Department of public health, Xi'an Medical College, No. 1 Xinwang Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China.
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Geiger M, Gorica E, Mohammed SA, Mongelli A, Mengozi A, Delfine V, Ruschitzka F, Costantino S, Paneni F. Epigenetic Network in Immunometabolic Disease. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300211. [PMID: 37794610 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Although a large amount of data consistently shows that genes affect immunometabolic characteristics and outcomes, epigenetic mechanisms are also heavily implicated. Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, determine gene activity by altering the accessibility of chromatin to transcription factors. Various factors influence these alterations, including genetics, lifestyle, and environmental cues. Moreover, acquired epigenetic signals can be transmitted across generations, thus contributing to early disease traits in the offspring. A closer investigation is critical in this aspect as it can help to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms further and gain insights into potential therapeutic targets for preventing and treating diseases arising from immuno-metabolic dysregulation. In this review, the role of chromatin alterations in the transcriptional modulation of genes involved in insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, macrophage polarization, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic cardiomyopathy, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is discussed. An overview of emerging chromatin-modifying drugs and the importance of the individual epigenetic profile for personalized therapeutic approaches in patients with immuno-metabolic disorders is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Geiger
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Era Gorica
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq Ahmed Mohammed
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Mongelli
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Mengozi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Delfine
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
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20
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Yanko R, Levashov M, Chaka OG, Nosar V, Khasabov SG, Khasabova I. Tryptophan Prevents the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:4195-4204. [PMID: 38152280 PMCID: PMC10752026 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s444278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The main aim of this research is to study the protective effects of tryptophan on the histomorphological and biochemical abnormalities in the liver caused by a high-calorie diet (HCD), as well as its ability to normalize mitochondrial functions in order to prevent the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods The study was conducted in male Wistar rats aged 3 months at the start of the experiment. Control animals (group I) were fed a standard diet. Group II experimental animals were fed a diet with an excess of fat (45%) and carbohydrates (31%) for 12 weeks. Group III experimental animals also received L-tryptophan at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight in addition to the HCD. The presence of NAFLD, functional activity, physiological regeneration, and the state of the liver parenchyma and connective tissue were assessed using physiological, morphological, histo-morphometric, biochemical, and biophysical research methods. Results HCD induced the development of NAFLD, which is characterized by an increase in liver weight, hypertrophy of hepatocytes and an increase in the concentration of lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides in liver tissue. Increased alanine aminotransferase activity in the liver of obese rats also confirm hepatocytes damage. Tryptophan added to the diet lowered the severity of NAFLD by reducing fat accumulation and violations of bioelectric properties, and prevented a decrease in mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Conclusion The addition of tryptophan can have a potential positive effect on the liver, reducing the severity of structural, biochemical, mitochondrial and bioelectric damage caused by HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Yanko
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Connective Tissue, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Mikhail Levashov
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Connective Tissue, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Olena Georgievna Chaka
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Connective Tissue, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Valentina Nosar
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Connective Tissue, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Sergey G Khasabov
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Iryna Khasabova
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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21
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Patitucci C, Hernández-Camacho JD, Vimont E, Yde S, Cokelaer T, Chaze T, Giai Gianetto Q, Matondo M, Gazi A, Nemazanyy I, Stroud DA, Hock DH, Donnarumma E, Wai T. Mtfp1 ablation enhances mitochondrial respiration and protects against hepatic steatosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8474. [PMID: 38123539 PMCID: PMC10733382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is the result of imbalanced nutrient delivery and metabolism in the liver and is the first hallmark of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). MASLD is the most common chronic liver disease and involves the accumulation of excess lipids in hepatocytes, inflammation, and cancer. Mitochondria play central roles in liver metabolism yet the specific mitochondrial functions causally linked to MASLD remain unclear. Here, we identify Mitochondrial Fission Process 1 protein (MTFP1) as a key regulator of mitochondrial and metabolic activity in the liver. Deletion of Mtfp1 in hepatocytes is physiologically benign in mice yet leads to the upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity and mitochondrial respiration, independently of mitochondrial biogenesis. Consequently, liver-specific knockout mice are protected against high fat diet-induced steatosis and metabolic dysregulation. Additionally, Mtfp1 deletion inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in hepatocytes, conferring protection against apoptotic liver damage in vivo and ex vivo. Our work uncovers additional functions of MTFP1 in the liver, positioning this gene as an unexpected regulator of OXPHOS and a therapeutic candidate for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Patitucci
- Institut Pasteur, Mitochondrial Biology Group, CNRS UMR 3691, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Elodie Vimont
- Institut Pasteur, Mitochondrial Biology Group, CNRS UMR 3691, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sonny Yde
- Institut Pasteur, Mitochondrial Biology Group, CNRS UMR 3691, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cokelaer
- Institut Pasteur, Biomics Technological Platform, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Chaze
- Institut Pasteur, Proteomics Core Facility, MSBio UtechS, UAR CNRS 2024, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Giai Gianetto
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Proteomics Core Facility, MSBio UtechS, UAR CNRS 2024, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anastasia Gazi
- Institut Pasteur Ultrastructural Bio Imaging, UTechS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Platform for Metabolic Analyses, SFR Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR 3633, Paris, France
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victorian Clinical Genetics Services and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victorian Clinical Genetics Services and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erminia Donnarumma
- Institut Pasteur, Mitochondrial Biology Group, CNRS UMR 3691, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Timothy Wai
- Institut Pasteur, Mitochondrial Biology Group, CNRS UMR 3691, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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22
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Zhang L, Xie X, Tao J, Wang S, Hu M, Wang X, Yu Z, Xu L, Lin Y, Wu W, Cheng J, Wu L, Liu W, Gao R, Wang J. Mystery of bisphenol F-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-like changes: Roles of Drp1-mediated abnormal mitochondrial fission in lipid droplet deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166831. [PMID: 37683851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) has been widely used. Our previous study demonstrated that BPF exposure facilitates lipid droplet deposition in hepatic cells, contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-like changes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, with a metabolic cage system, we observed the perturbation of energy metabolism in mice treated with BPF. BPF obviously suppressed metabolic capacity, which manifested as decreased energy expenditure, low O2 consumption and CO2 levels in mice. Consistent with the in vivo results, a Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test showed significant reductions in mitochondrial ATP production capacity, maximum respiratory capacity, and residual respiratory capacity after BPF treatment in an in vitro study. Electron microscopy revealed a striking increase in mitochondrial fission that was synchronous with excessive expression and activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Intriguingly, chemical inhibition of Drp1 by Mdivi-1 and/or silencing of Drp1 dramatically hampered mitochondrial fission and ameliorated BPF-induced lipid droplet deposition both in mouse liver and human hepatic cells. Mechanistically, mitochondrial dynamics imbalance played prominent roles in these processes, since suppression of Drp1 by chemical inhibition or knockdown substantially reversed BPF-induced mitochondrial fission and ameliorated the suppression of mitochondrial metabolism as well as excessive mitochondrial ROS, which was verified to be key to lipid droplet deposition. Collectively, the findings of the current study reveal previously unrecognized effects involving Drp1-mediated mitochondrial injury in BPF-induced lipid droplet deposition. Therefore, targeted intervention against mitochondrial dysfunction may be a promising therapeutic strategy for BPF-induced NAFLD-like changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xuexue Xie
- Department of Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingxian Tao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Miaoyang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Liuting Xu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weilan Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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23
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Tian Y, Hong X, Xie Y, Guo Z, Yu Q. 17β-Estradiol (E 2) Upregulates the ERα/SIRT1/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway and Protects Mitochondrial Function to Prevent Bilateral Oophorectomy (OVX)-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2100. [PMID: 38136219 PMCID: PMC10740447 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature menopause is associated with an increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has been widely used in clinical practice and has the potential to protect mitochondrial function and alleviate NAFLD. After bilateral oophorectomy (OVX), female rats without 17β-estradiol (E2) intervention developed NAFLD, whereas E2 supplementation was effective in preventing NAFLD in female rats. The altered pathways and cellular events from both comparison pairs, namely, the OVX vs. sham group and the OVX vs. E2 group, were assessed using transcriptomic analysis. KEGG pathways enriched by both transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses strongly suggest that oxidative phosphorylation is a vital pathway that changes during the development of NAFLD and remains unchanged when E2 is applied. Liver tissue from the OVX-induced NAFLD group exhibited increased lipid peroxidation, impaired mitochondria, and downregulated ERα/SIRT1/PGC-1α expression. An in vitro study indicated that the protective effect of E2 treatment on hepatic steatosis could be abolished when ERα or SIRT1 was selectively inhibited. This damage was accompanied by reduced mitochondrial complex activity and increased lipid peroxidation. The current research indicates that E2 upregulates the ERα/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and protects mitochondrial function to prevent OVX-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), No.1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Y.X.); (Z.G.)
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Ramanathan R, Patwa SA, Ali AH, Ibdah JA. Thyroid Hormone and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Therapeutic Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Cells 2023; 12:2806. [PMID: 38132126 PMCID: PMC10741470 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly termed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a widespread global health concern that affects around 25% of the global population. Its influence is expanding, and it is anticipated to overtake alcohol as the leading cause of liver failure and liver-related death worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no approved therapies for MASLD; as such, national and international regulatory health agencies undertook strategies and action plans designed to expedite the development of drugs for treatment of MASLD. A sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet intake are important risk factors. Western countries have a greater estimated prevalence of MASLD partly due to lifestyle habits. Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly linked to the development of MASLD. Further, it has been speculated that mitophagy, a type of mitochondrial quality control, may be impaired in MASLD. Thyroid hormone (TH) coordinates signals from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes to control mitochondrial biogenesis and function in hepatocytes. Mitochondria are known TH targets, and preclinical and clinical studies suggest that TH, thyroid receptor β (TR-β) analogs, and synthetic analogs specific to the liver could be of therapeutic benefit in treating MASLD. In this review, we highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to development of MASLD, and how understanding the role of TH in improving mitochondrial function paved the way for innovative drug development programs of TH-based therapies targeting MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ramanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Sohum A. Patwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Ahmad Hassan Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jamal A. Ibdah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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25
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Wei S, Ye X, Lei H, Cao Z, Chen C, Zhang C, Zhang L, Chen C, Liu X, Zhang L, Chen X. Multiomics analyses reveal dose-dependent effects of dicofol exposure on host metabolic homeostasis and the gut microbiota in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139997. [PMID: 37648173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposure to dicofol (DCF), one of common organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) widely used for controlling agricultural pests, elicits a potential risk for human health due to its toxicity. However, potential physiological hazards of oral DCF exposure remain largely unknown. METHODS Mice were exposed to relatively chronic and subacute DCF at different doses (5, 20 and 100 mg/kg) by gavage for 2 weeks. 1H NMR-based metabolomics was used to explore alterations of metabolic profiling induced by DCF exposure. Targeted metabolomics was subsequently employed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of oral DCF exposure on lipid metabolism and the gut microbiota-derived metabolites of mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was further employed to evaluate the changes of gut community of mice exposed to DCF. RESULTS Oral exposure to DCF dose-dependently induced liver injury, manifested by hepatic lipogenesis, inflammation and liver dysfunction of mice. Typically, DCF exposure disrupted host fatty acids metabolism that were confirmed by marked alteration in the levels of related genes. DCF exposure also dose-dependently caused dysbiosis of the gut bacteria and its metabolites including altered microbial composition accompanied by inhibition of bacterial fermentation. CONCLUSION These results provide metabolic evidence that DCF exposure dose-dependently induces liver lipidosis and disruption of the gut microbiota in mice, which enrich our views of molecular mechanism of DCF hepatoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilin Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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García-Roche M, Talmón D, Cañibe G, Astessiano AL, Mendoza A, Cassina A, Quijano C, Carriquiry M. Hepatic metabolism of grazing cows of two Holstein strains under two feeding strategies with different levels of pasture inclusion. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290551. [PMID: 37883506 PMCID: PMC10602316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to characterize adaptations of hepatic metabolism of dairy cows of two Holstein strains with varying proportions of grazing in the feeding strategy. Multiparous autumn calving Holstein cows of New Zealand (NZH) and North American (NAH) strains were assigned to a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two feeding strategies that varied in the proportions of pasture and supplementation: maximum pasture and supplementation with a pelleted concentrate (MaxP) or fixed pasture and supplementation with a total mixed ration (FixP) from May through November of 2018. Hepatic biopsies were taken at - 45 ± 17, 21 ± 7, 100 ± 23 and 180 ± 23 days in milk (DIM), representing prepartum, early lactation, early mid-lactation and late mid-lactation. The effects of DIM, feeding strategy (FS), strain and their interactions were analyzed with mixed models using repeated measures. Cows of both strains had similar triglyceride levels, mitochondrial function and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in liver during lactation. However, there was an effect of DIM and FS as liver triglyceride was higher for the MaxP strategy at 21 DIM and both mitochondrial function and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in liver were lower for the MaxP strategy at 21 DIM. Hepatic mitochondrial function and acetylation levels were affected by the interaction between strain and feeding strategy as both variables were higher for NAH cows in the MaxP strategy. Mid-lactation hepatic gene expression of enzymes related to fatty acid metabolism and nuclear receptors was higher for NZH than NAH cows. This work confirms the association between liver triglyceride, decreased hepatic mitochondrial function and greater mitochondrial acetylation levels in cows with a higher inclusion of pasture and suggests differential adaptative mechanisms between NAH and NZH cows to strategies with varying proportions of grazing in the feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes García-Roche
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Talmón
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Cañibe
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Laura Astessiano
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Programa Nacional de Producción de Leche, Ruta, Semillero, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Cassina
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Celia Quijano
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Carriquiry
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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27
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Myint M, Oppedisano F, De Giorgi V, Kim BM, Marincola FM, Alter HJ, Nesci S. Inflammatory signaling in NASH driven by hepatocyte mitochondrial dysfunctions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:757. [PMID: 37884933 PMCID: PMC10605416 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver steatosis, inflammation, and variable degrees of fibrosis are the pathological manifestations of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an aggressive presentation of the most prevalent chronic liver disease in the Western world known as nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). Mitochondrial hepatocyte dysfunction is a primary event that triggers inflammation, affecting Kupffer and hepatic stellate cell behaviour. Here, we consider the role of impaired mitochondrial function caused by lipotoxicity during oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ROS production cause the release of damage-associated molecular patterns from dying hepatocytes, leading to activation of innate immunity and trans-differentiation of hepatic stellate cells, thereby driving fibrosis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | - Harvey J Alter
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
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28
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Kachouei RA, Doagoo A, Jalilzadeh M, Khatami SH, Rajaei S, Jahan-Abad AJ, Salmani F, Pakrad R, Baram SM, Nourbakhsh M, Abdollahifar MA, Abbaszadeh HA, Noori S, Rezaei M, Mahdavi M, Shahmohammadi MR, Karima S. Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid Has Therapeutic Benefits for NAFLD Rat Models That Were Given a High Fructose Diet by Ameliorating Hepatic Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism. Inflammation 2023; 46:1966-1980. [PMID: 37310644 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a potent anti-inflammatory compound purified from Boswellia species, was investigated in a preclinical study for its potential in preventing and treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic inflammatory liver disorder. The study involved thirty-six male Wistar rats, equally divided into prevention and treatment groups. In the prevention group, rats were given a high fructose diet (HFrD) and treated with AKBA for 6 weeks, while in the treatment group, rats were fed HFrD for 6 weeks and then given a normal diet with AKBA for 2 weeks. At the end of the study, various parameters were analyzed including liver tissues and serum levels of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interferon gamma (INF-ϒ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Additionally, the expression levels of genes related to the inflammasome complex and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ϒ), as well as the levels of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha-1 (AMPK-α1) protein, were measured. The results showed that AKBA improved NAFLD-related serum parameters and inflammatory markers and suppressed PPAR-ϒ and inflammasome complex-related genes involved in hepatic steatosis in both groups. Additionally, AKBA prevented the reduction of the active and inactive forms of AMPK-α1 in the prevention group, which is a cellular energy regulator that helps suppress NAFLD progression. In conclusion, AKBA has a beneficial effect on preventing and avoiding the progression of NAFLD by preserving lipid metabolism, improving hepatic steatosis, and suppressing liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ataei Kachouei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Doagoo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Jalilzadeh
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rajaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanbazi Jahan-Abad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Salmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Pakrad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Noori
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Rezaei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Mahdavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shahmohammadi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Zheng Y, Wang S, Wu J, Wang Y. Mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: new insights from pathogenic mechanisms to clinically targeted therapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:510. [PMID: 37507803 PMCID: PMC10375703 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is among the most widespread metabolic disease globally, and its associated complications including insulin resistance and diabetes have become threatening conditions for human health. Previous studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were focused on the liver's lipid metabolism. However, growing evidence suggests that mitochondrial metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD to varying degrees in several ways, for instance in cellular division, oxidative stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial quality control. Ultimately, liver function gradually declines as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. The liver is unable to transfer the excess lipid droplets outside the liver. Therefore, how to regulate hepatic mitochondrial function to treat NAFLD has become the focus of current research. This review provides details about the intrinsic link of NAFLD with mitochondrial metabolism and the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to NAFLD progression. Given the crucial role of mitochondrial metabolism in NAFLD progression, the application potential of multiple mitochondrial function improvement modalities (including physical exercise, diabetic medications, small molecule agonists targeting Sirt3, and mitochondria-specific antioxidants) in the treatment of NAFLD was evaluated hoping to provide new insights into NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiting Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jialiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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30
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Wu P, Wang X. Natural Drugs: A New Direction for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes. Molecules 2023; 28:5525. [PMID: 37513397 PMCID: PMC10385698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, as a common pathological process of many metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity, has attracted much attention due to its relevant influencing factors. To date, studies have mainly focused on the shared mechanisms between mitochondrial stress and insulin resistance, and they are now being pursued as a very attractive therapeutic target due to their extensive involvement in many human clinical settings. In view of the complex pathogenesis of diabetes, natural drugs have become new players in diabetes prevention and treatment because of their wide targets and few side effects. In particular, plant phenolics have received attention because of their close relationship with oxidative stress. In this review, we briefly review the mechanisms by which mitochondrial stress leads to insulin resistance. Moreover, we list some cytokines and genes that have recently been found to play roles in mitochondrial stress and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we describe several natural drugs that are currently widely used and give a brief overview of their therapeutic mechanisms. Finally, we suggest possible ideas for future research related to the unique role that natural drugs play in the treatment of insulin resistance through the above targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Wu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250001, China
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31
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Padmanaban S, Pully D, Samrot AV, Gosu V, Sadasivam N, Park IK, Radhakrishnan K, Kim DK. Rising Influence of Nanotechnology in Addressing Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1405. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the survival and decline of various biological systems. In liver-related metabolic disorders such as steatohepatitis, ROS can act as both a cause and a consequence. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two distinct types of steatohepatitis. Recently, there has been growing interest in using medications that target ROS formation and reduce ROS levels as a therapeutic approach for oxidative stress-related liver disorders. Mammalian systems have developed various antioxidant defenses to protect against excessive ROS generation. These defenses modulate ROS through a series of reactions, limiting their potential impact. However, as the condition worsens, exogenous antioxidants become necessary to control ROS levels. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue, utilizing nanocomplex systems as efficient nano-antioxidants. These systems demonstrate enhanced delivery of antioxidants to the target site, minimizing leakage and improving targeting accuracy. Therefore, it is essential to explore the evolving field of nanotechnology as an effective means to lower ROS levels and establish efficient therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Durgasruthi Pully
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Vijayakumar Gosu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanthini Sadasivam
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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32
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Padmanaban S, Pully D, Samrot AV, Gosu V, Sadasivam N, Park IK, Radhakrishnan K, Kim DK. Rising Influence of Nanotechnology in Addressing Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1405. [PMID: 37507944 PMCID: PMC10376173 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the survival and decline of various biological systems. In liver-related metabolic disorders such as steatohepatitis, ROS can act as both a cause and a consequence. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two distinct types of steatohepatitis. Recently, there has been growing interest in using medications that target ROS formation and reduce ROS levels as a therapeutic approach for oxidative stress-related liver disorders. Mammalian systems have developed various antioxidant defenses to protect against excessive ROS generation. These defenses modulate ROS through a series of reactions, limiting their potential impact. However, as the condition worsens, exogenous antioxidants become necessary to control ROS levels. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue, utilizing nanocomplex systems as efficient nano-antioxidants. These systems demonstrate enhanced delivery of antioxidants to the target site, minimizing leakage and improving targeting accuracy. Therefore, it is essential to explore the evolving field of nanotechnology as an effective means to lower ROS levels and establish efficient therapeutic interventions for oxidative stress-related liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Durgasruthi Pully
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antony V Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Vijayakumar Gosu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanthini Sadasivam
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamalakannan Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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33
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Anari M, Montgomery MK. Phospholipid metabolism in the liver - Implications for phosphatidylserine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115621. [PMID: 37217141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells contain more than a thousand different glycerophospholipid species that are essential membrane components and signalling molecules, with phosphatidylserine (PS) giving membranes their negative surface charge. Depending on the tissue, PS is important in apoptosis, blood clotting, cancer pathogenesis, as well as muscle and brain function, processes that are dependent on the asymmetrical distribution of PS on the plasma membrane and/or the capacity of PS to act as anchorage for various signalling proteins. Recent studies have implicated hepatic PS in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), either as beneficial in the context of suppressing hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, or on the other hand as a potential contributor to the progression of liver cancer. This review provides an extensive overview of hepatic phospholipid metabolism, including its biosynthetic pathways, intracellular trafficking and roles in health and disease, further taking a deeper dive into PS metabolism, including associate and causative evidence of the role of PS in advanced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Anari
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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34
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Cao C, Shi M, Wang X, Yao Y, Zeng R. Effects of probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of human clinical trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1155306. [PMID: 37457967 PMCID: PMC10349203 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1155306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health issue, of which the prevalence is about 25% worldwide. The incidence of NAFLD is increasing in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome. The crosstalk between gut microbiota and metabolism-related diseases has been raised great concern. Patients with NAPLD were observed with disruption of gut microbiota. Several researches showed that gut microbiota was the determination in the progression of NAFLD by the experiments using fecal microbiota transplants. The application of probiotics, as one of the most important strategies for the regulation of gut microbiota disorder, have been explored whether it is beneficial to gut-related diseases of intestine-distal organs. Some probiotics were showed to improve the liver parameters and phenotype in patients with NAFLD. The oral intake of them might become the effective management for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. In this review, we summarized the human clinical trials focusing on the effects of probiotics on NAFLD to give some evidential reference for the administration of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujin Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxia Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuru Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Division of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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35
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Han J, Li S, Wang W, Jiang X, Liu C, Lei L, Li Y, Sheng R, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Si S. SIRT1 Activator E1231 Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5052-5070. [PMID: 37367070 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases. Silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) was demonstrated to modulate cholesterol and lipid metabolism in NAFLD. Here, a novel SIRT1 activator, E1231, was studied for its potential improvement effects on NAFLD. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHC) for 40 weeks to create a NAFLD mouse model, and E1231 was administered by oral gavage (50 mg/kg body weight, once/day) for 4 weeks. Liver-related plasma biochemistry parameter tests, Oil Red O staining, and hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that E1231 treatment ameliorated plasma dyslipidemia, plasma marker levels of liver damage (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), liver total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) contents, and obviously decreased hepatic steatosis score and NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) in the NAFLD mouse model. Western blot results showed that E1231 treatment significantly regulated lipid-metabolism-related protein expression. In particular, E1231 treatment increased SIRT1, PGC-1α, and p-AMPKα protein expression but decreased ACC and SCD-1 protein expression. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrated that E1231 inhibited lipid accumulation and improved mitochondrial function in free-fatty-acid-challenged hepatocytes, and required SIRT1 activation. In conclusion, this study illustrated that the SIRT1 activator E1231 alleviated HFHC-induced NAFLD development and improved liver injury by regulating the SIRT1-AMPKα pathway, and might be a promising candidate compound for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxue Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shunwang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lijuan Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yining Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ren Sheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yexiang Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
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Sanchez JI, Parra ER, Jiao J, Solis Soto LM, Ledesma DA, Saldarriaga OA, Stevenson HL, Beretta L. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with NAFLD. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2871. [PMID: 37296834 PMCID: PMC10252068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of immune- and cancer-related genes was measured in liver biopsies from 107 NAFLD patients. The strongest difference in overall gene expression was between liver fibrosis stages F3 and F4, with 162 cirrhosis-associated genes identified. Strong correlations with fibrosis progression from F1 to F4 were observed for 91 genes, including CCL21, CCL2, CXCL6, and CCL19. In addition, the expression of 21 genes was associated with fast progression to F3/F4 in an independent group of eight NAFLD patients. These included the four chemokines, SPP1, HAMP, CXCL2, and IL-8. A six-gene signature including SOX9, THY-1, and CD3D had the highest performance detecting the progressors among F1/F2 NAFLD patients. We also characterized immune cell changes using multiplex immunofluorescence platforms. Fibrotic areas were strongly enriched in CD3+ T cells compared to CD68+ macrophages. While the number of CD68+ macrophages increased with fibrosis severity, the increase in CD3+ T-cell density was more substantial and progressive from F1 to F4. The strongest correlation with fibrosis progression was observed for CD3+CD45R0+ memory T cells, while the most significant increase in density between F1/F2 and F3/F4 was for CD3+CD45RO+FOXP3+CD8- and CD3+CD45RO-FOXP3+CD8- regulatory T cells. A specific increase in the density of CD68+CD11b+ Kupffer cells with liver fibrosis progression was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Sanchez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edwin R. Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luisa M. Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debora A. Ledesma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Omar A. Saldarriaga
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Heather L. Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Laura Beretta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Turkseven S, Turato C, Villano G, Ruvoletto M, Guido M, Bolognesi M, Pontisso P, Di Pascoli M. Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid and Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Mitoquinone Attenuate Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040971. [PMID: 37107346 PMCID: PMC10135482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. NAFLD can evolve from simple fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and ultimately, to cirrhosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress, promoted by mitochondrial dysfunction, play a crucial role in the onset and development of NASH. To date, no therapy has been approved for NAFLD and NASH. The aim of this study is to evaluate if the anti-inflammatory activity of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant effect of mitoquinone could hinder the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In mice, fatty liver was induced through the administration of a deficient in methionine and choline and rich in fat diet. Two experimental groups were treated orally with ASA or mitoquinone. Histopathologic evaluation of steatosis and inflammation was performed; the hepatic expression of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis was evaluated; the protein expression of IL-10, cyclooxygenase 2, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione peroxidase 1 in the liver was analyzed; a quantitative analysis of 15-epi-lipoxin A4 in liver homogenates was performed. Mitoquinone and ASA significantly reduced liver steatosis and inflammation by decreasing the expression of TNFα, IL-6, Serpinb3, and cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and restoring the anti-inflammatory IL-10. Treatment with mitoquinone and ASA increased the gene and protein expression of antioxidants, i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione peroxidase 1, and decreased the expression of profibrogenic genes. ASA normalized the levels of 15-epi-Lipoxin A4. In mice fed with a deficient in methionine and choline and rich in fat diet, mitoquinone and ASA reduce steatosis and necroinflammation and may represent two effective novel strategies for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadet Turkseven
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Cristian Turato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Villano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences-DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Ruvoletto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Pathology ULSS2, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Massimo Bolognesi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Di Pascoli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
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Liu H, Yan J, Guan F, Jin Z, Xie J, Wang C, Liu M, Liu J. Zeaxanthin prevents ferroptosis by promoting mitochondrial function and inhibiting the p53 pathway in free fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159287. [PMID: 36690321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder worldwide and a risk factor for obesity and diabetes. Emerging evidence has shown that ferroptosis is involved in the progression of NAFLD. Zeaxanthin (ZEA) is a carotenoid found in human serum. It has been reported that ZEA can ameliorate obesity, prevent age-related macular degeneration, and protect against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, no study has focused on the protective effects of ZEA against NAFLD. In this study, free fatty acid (FFA) induced HepG2 cells were used as a cell model for NAFLD. Our results suggest that ZEA exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in FFA-induced HepG2 cells. Moreover, ZEA acted as a ferroptosis inhibitor, significantly reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and iron overload and improving mitochondrial dysfunction in FFA-induced HepG2 cells. In addition, ZEA downregulated the expression of p53 and modulated downstream targets, such as GPX4, SLC7A11, SAT1, and ALOX15, which contributed to the reduction in cellular lipid peroxidation. Our findings suggest that ZEA has the potential for NAFLD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Fengtao Guan
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Zhibo Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Jiahan Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Chongrui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Meihong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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Gu X, Wei M, Hu F, Ouyang H, Huang Z, Lu B, Ji L. Chlorogenic acid ameliorated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via alleviating hepatic inflammation initiated by LPS/TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 376:110461. [PMID: 36965689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe pathological stage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is generally recognized to be induced by chronic inflammation. Natural compound chlorogenic acid (CGA) is well-known for its anti-inflammatory capacity. This study aimed at evaluating the alleviation of CGA on NASH and further exploring its engaged mechanism via focusing on abrogating hepatic inflammation. Our results showed that CGA had a good amelioration on NASH in vivo. CGA alleviated liver oxidative injury by inducing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation and reduced liver steatosis via up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα). CGA attenuated hepatic inflammation in vivo, but didn't decrease the elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content. CGA blocked the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) or inflammasome both in MCDD-fed mice and in LPS-stimulated macrophages. CGA was found to directly bind to myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), and thus competitively blocked the interaction between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MyD88, thereby abrogating hepatic inflammation initiated by LPS-TLR4-MyD88. Moreover, the CGA-provided anti-inflammatory effect was obviously disappeared in macrophages overexpressed MyD88. Hence, CGA has an excellent efficacy in improving NASH. CGA alleviated liver inflammation during NASH progression through blocking LPS-TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway via directly binding to MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Gu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Feifei Hu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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40
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Machado IF, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. Preservation of Mitochondrial Health in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:948. [PMID: 36979927 PMCID: PMC10046671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a major cause of the development of complications in different clinical settings such as liver resection and liver transplantation. Damage arising from LIRI is a major risk factor for early graft rejection and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality after surgery. Although the mechanisms leading to the injury of parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells are not yet fully understood, mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as a hallmark of LIRI that exacerbates cellular injury. Mitochondria play a major role in glucose metabolism, energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, calcium homeostasis and cell death. The diverse roles of mitochondria make it essential to preserve mitochondrial health in order to maintain cellular activity and liver integrity during liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A growing body of studies suggest that protecting mitochondria by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, fission/fusion and mitophagy during liver I/R ameliorates LIRI. Targeting mitochondria in conditions that exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, such as steatosis and aging, has been successful in decreasing their susceptibility to LIRI. Studying mitochondrial dysfunction will help understand the underlying mechanisms of cellular damage during LIRI which is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight the progress made in recent years regarding the role of mitochondria in liver I/R and discuss the impact of liver conditions on LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F. Machado
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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Xu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Fan G. Managing metabolic diseases: The roles and therapeutic prospects of herb-derived polysaccharides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114538. [PMID: 36931026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases have become a public health problem worldwide. Effective, novel and natural therapies are urgently needed to treat metabolic diseases. As natural bioactive compounds, polysaccharides have many physiological and medicinal properties. Recently, herb-derived polysaccharides have shown beneficial effects in the treatment of metabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological progress and clinical evidence of herb-derived polysaccharides in the treatment of three metabolic diseases, namely type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity, and more importantly, discusses the molecular mechanism involved. Existing evidence has proved that herb-derived polysaccharides can maintain glucose homeostasis, promote insulin secretion, improve insulin resistance, reduce weight gain and hepatic steatosis, inhibit lipogenesis, alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve gut microbiota disorders in rodents with metabolic diseases. Notably, so far, human clinical trials of herb-derived polysaccharides for these three metabolic diseases remain rare. All in all, herb-derived polysaccharides may have good potential as drug candidates for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases. More high-quality clinical trials are needed to further validate its effectiveness and safety in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Tactics with Prebiotics for the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease via the Improvement of Mitophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065465. [PMID: 36982539 PMCID: PMC10049478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy/autophagy plays a protective role in various forms of liver damage, by renovating cellular metabolism linking to sustain liver homeostasis. A characterized pathway for mitophagy is the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent signaling pathway. In particular, PINK1-mediated mitophagy could play an indispensable role in improving the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) which could precede to steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway might regulate the various characteristics of cellular homeostasis including energy metabolism, cell proliferation, and/or cell protection. Therefore, targeting mitophagy with the alteration of PI3K/AKT/mTOR or PINK1/Parkin-dependent signaling to eliminate impaired mitochondria might be an attractive strategy for the treatment of MAFLD. In particular, the efficacy of prebiotics for the treatment of MAFLD has been suggested to be useful via the modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/AMPK pathway. Additionally, several edible phytochemicals could activate mitophagy for the improvement of mitochondrial damages, which could also be a promising option to treat MAFLD with providing liver protection. Here, the potential therapeutics with several phytochemicals has been discussed for the treatment of MAFLD. Tactics with a viewpoint of prospective probiotics might contribute to the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Gulzar F, Ahmad S, Singh S, Kumar P, Sharma A, Tamrakar AK. NOD1 activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes confers lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Life Sci 2023; 316:121400. [PMID: 36657640 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Activation of specific innate immune receptors has been characterized to modulate nutrient metabolism in individual metabolic tissue directly or indirectly via secretory molecules. Activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) in adipocytes has been reported to induce lipolysis linked with insulin resistance and inflammatory response. These cues are positioned to modulate metabolic action in distal organs through paracrine/endocrine signaling. Here, we assessed the role of NOD1-mediated lipolysis and inflammatory response in adipocytes to affect lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. MAIN METHODS Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) were exposed to conditioned medium obtained from 3 T3-L1 adipocytes pretreated with NOD1 ligand (iE-DAP) and the effects on lipid accumulation, inflammation and insulin response were assessed. Activation of mechanisms leading to hepatic lipid accumulation was investigated by gene expression analysis. KEY FINDINGS The conditioned medium from NOD1-activated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes (CM-DAP) induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells, driven by both lipolysis and inflammatory responses. The CM-DAP-induced lipid accumulation was independent to de novo lipogenesis and resulted from the enhanced transport of fatty acids inside and consequent increase in rate of triglycerides synthesis in hepatocytes. Moreover, CM-DAP-induced lipid accumulation instigated the expression of the markers of fatty acid oxidation and VLDL assembly for the export of triglycerides from hepatocyte. Furthermore, CM-DAP-induced lipid accumulation was associated with induction of inflammatory response and impairment of insulin signaling in HepG2 cells. SIGNIFICANCE Beyond showing liver-specific mechanisms to adipocytes-derived factors, our findings support the involvement of adipose tissue as a mediator in NOD1-mediated biological responses to modulate hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Gulzar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shadab Ahmad
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Sushmita Singh
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India.
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Li D, Yuan X, Dong S, Al-Dhamin Z, Du J, Fu N, Nan Y. Heme oxygenase-1 prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through modulating mitochondrial quality control. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13918. [PMID: 36602456 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and lacks effective treatment options. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a critical defense against oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver injury. This study aims to investigate the protective role and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 in NASH pathogenesis. METHODS The hepatocyte-specific HO-1 knockout (HO-1HEPKO ) mice on a C57BL/6J background (HO-1fl/fl /Alb-Cre) were generated and fed a high-fat/western-style diet (HFD) or methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD). Changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. A mitochondrial PCR array was used to identify the crucial genes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific HO-1HEPKO mice developed steatohepatitis with severe steatosis, ballooning, and necroinflammation. Dysregulated hepatic expression of mitochondria-related proteins, including DRP1, Tomm20, MFN1 and MFN2 were detected in NASH animals. Ultrastructural mitochondrial damage was observed in HO-1HEPKO mice. Mitochondrial dysfunction was recapitulated in HO-1-knockdown cells in vitro, as evidenced by decreased membrane potential, reduced ATP content, and mtDNA damage. Conversely, HO-1 overexpression restored these changes in vitro. Mechanistically, HO-1 deficiency reduced the inhibitory effect on Tomm20, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, and thereby causing steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 attenuates diet-induced steatohepatitis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating that HO-1 may constitute a potential therapeutic target for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiwei Yuan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiming Dong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zaid Al-Dhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinghua Du
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
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Oriquat G, Masoud IM, Kamel MA, Aboudeya HM, Bakir MB, Shaker SA. The Anti-Obesity and Anti-Steatotic Effects of Chrysin in a Rat Model of Obesity Mediated through Modulating the Hepatic AMPK/mTOR/lipogenesis Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041734. [PMID: 36838721 PMCID: PMC9962978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by excessive adiposity, and is linked to an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds that exert interesting pharmacological effects as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering agents. In the present study, we investigated the possible therapeutic effects of the flavonoid chrysin on obesity and NAFLD in rats, and the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in mediating these effects. METHOD Thirty-two Wistar male rats were divided into two groups: the control group and the obese group. Obesity was induced by feeding with an obesogenic diet for 3 months. The obese rats were subdivided into four subgroups, comprising an untreated group, and three groups treated orally with different doses of chrysin (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day for one month). Results revealed that chrysin treatment markedly ameliorated the histological changes and significantly and dose-dependently reduced the weight gain, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in the obese rats. Chrysin, besides its antioxidant boosting effects (increased GSH and decreased malondialdehyde), activated the AMPK pathway and suppressed the mTOR and lipogenic pathways, and stimulated expression of the genes controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, chrysin could be a promising candidate for the treatment of obesity and associated NAFLD, aiding in attenuating weight gain and ameliorating glucose and lipid homeostasis and adipokines, boosting the hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis, and modulating AMPK/mTOR/SREBP-1c signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb Oriquat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Inas M. Masoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Maher A. Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | | | - Marwa B. Bakir
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Sara A. Shaker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.K.); (S.A.S.)
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Recent updates on targeting the molecular mediators of NAFLD. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:101-124. [PMID: 36792729 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common disease worldwide in an era of rapid economic growth. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease, involving multiple genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, and is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. NAFLD can be classified into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can both progress to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to the enormous burden of NAFLD and its complications, no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of NAFLD are on the market, and therapeutic targets and drug therapies are being actively investigated. In view of the various pathological mechanisms of NAFLD, numbers of preclinical studies and clinical trials have made rapid progress. This review mainly summarizes the most recently characterized mechanisms and therapeutic targets in each mechanism of NAFLD, focusing on the mechanism and application potential.
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Curcumin and Andrographolide Co-Administration Safely Prevent Steatosis Induction and ROS Production in HepG2 Cell Line. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031261. [PMID: 36770927 PMCID: PMC9919300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging chronic liver disease worldwide. Curcumin and andrographolide are famous for improving hepatic functions, being able to reverse oxidative stress and release pro-inflammatory cytokines, and they are implicated in hepatic stellate cell activation and in liver fibrosis development. Thus, we tested curcumin and andrographolide separately and in combination to determine their effect on triglyceride accumulation and ROS production, identifying the differential expression of genes involved in fatty liver and oxidative stress development. In vitro steatosis was induced in HepG2 cells and the protective effect of curcumin, andrographolide, and their combination was observed evaluating cell viability, lipid and triglyceride content, ROS levels, and microarray differential gene expression. Curcumin, andrographolide, and their association were effective in reducing steatosis, triglyceride content, and ROS stress, downregulating the genes involved in lipid accumulation. Moreover, the treatments were able to protect the cytotoxic effect of steatosis, promoting the expression of survival and anti-inflammatory genes. The present study showed that the association of curcumin and andrographolide could be used as a therapeutic approach to counter high lipid content and ROS levels in steatosis liver, avoiding the possible hepatotoxic effect of curcumin. Furthermore, this study improved our understanding of the antisteatosis and hepatoprotective properties of a curcumin and andrographolide combination.
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Zhi G, Shao B, Zheng T, Mu J, Li J, Feng Y, Zhu S, Dang Y, Liu F, Wang D. Exploring the molecular mechanism of Gan Shuang granules for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1082451. [PMID: 36762105 PMCID: PMC9902723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1082451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: With the gradual increase in prevalence in recent years, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become one of the significant health problems that urgently needs to be addressed worldwide. GanShuang Granules (GSG) is derived from the classical Chinese formula Xiaoyao San and mainly used in the clinical treatment of chronic liver diseases. Objective: In this study, we aim to gain a deeper insight into the inhibiting effects of GSG on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats and preliminarily elucidate the underlying intervention mechanisms. Methods: First, High performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap-MS/MS) was used for the active compounds prediction in GSG. Then the data was mapped to mzCloud database. The targets corresponding to GSG compounds were collected from public databases, along with disease genes for NAFLD. The core targets and molecular mechanisms of GSG for NAFLD treatment were predicted by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses. Molecular docking of the core target-component interactions was simulated using AutoDock Vina software. The effect of GSG on NASH rats was evaluated by pathological staining and analysis of various index results. Finally, the candidate targets were further validated by ELISA and western blot (WB) analyses. Results: Combining UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap-MS/MS data analysis and public database data, a total of 346 cross-targets were obtained, corresponding to 81 compounds. The subnetwork with an MCODE score of 53.623 is a potential core target group for this study. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the targets of GSG in NAFLD were mostly related to oxidative stress, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the apoptosis signaling pathway. By integrating the results of network pharmacology analysis, the core objectives of this study mainly include AKT1, CASP9, TNF, and CASP8. The core ingredients are related to resveratrol and fisetin. The molecular docking results indicated key binding activity between AKT1-fisetin, AKT1-Resveratrol, and CASP8-fisetin. Moreover, GSG could improve the inflammatory status and restore the abnormal lipid accumulation of NAFLD/NASH liver, and these levels are further verified by pathological staining and detection of related indicators. Mechanistically, GSG could regulate protein expression levels in the liver for P65, p-P65, IKB, p-IKB, IKK, caspase-3, -8, -9, and cytochrome C, etc. It reflects the inhibitory effect of GSG on the NF-κB/IκB signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our results suggested that GSG demonstrated therapeutic effects on NAFLD/NASH rats, and these may be mainly reflected in the inhibitory effects on the NF-κB/IκB signaling pathway and its downstream inflammation and apoptosis signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguo Zhi
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingjie Shao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianyan Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Mu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiyuan Feng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanni Dang
- Shanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Xi’an, Shanxi, China,*Correspondence: Feng Liu, ; Dong Wang,
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Feng Liu, ; Dong Wang,
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Fernández-Tussy P, Sun J, Cardelo MP, Price NL, Goedeke L, Xirouchaki CE, Yang X, Pastor-Rojo O, Bennett AM, Tiganis T, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Hepatocyte-specific miR-33 deletion attenuates NAFLD-NASH-HCC progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.18.523503. [PMID: 36711578 PMCID: PMC9882318 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.523503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of the multiple mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression remains a significant challenge for the development of effective therapeutics. miRNAs have shown great promise as regulators of biological processes and as therapeutic targets for complex diseases. Here, we study the role of hepatic miR-33, an important regulator of lipid metabolism, during the progression of NAFLD. We report that miR-33 is overexpressed in hepatocytes isolated from mice with NAFLD and demonstrate that its specific suppression in hepatocytes (miR-33 HKO ) improves multiple aspects of the disease, including insulin resistance, steatosis, and inflammation and limits the progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, we find that hepatic miR-33 deficiency reduces lipid biosynthesis and promotes mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to reduce lipid burden in hepatocytes. Additionally, miR-33 deficiency improves mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress. In miR-33 deficient hepatocytes, we found an increase in AMPKα activation, which regulates several pathways resulting in the attenuation of liver disease. The reduction in lipid accumulation and liver injury resulted in decreased transcriptional activity of the YAP/TAZ pathway, which may be involved in the reduced progression to HCC in the HKO livers. Together, these results suggest suppressing hepatic miR-33 may be an effective therapeutic approach at different stages of NAFLD/NASH/HCC disease progression.
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Si H, Gao T, Yang J, Zhu J, Han Y, Li C, Wang J, Li J, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zheng Y, Jiang M. Multi-omics reveals hypertrophy of adipose tissue and lipid metabolism disorder via mitochondria in young mice under real-ambient exposure to air pollution. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122615. [PMID: 37033660 PMCID: PMC10079078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has become one of the most serious health risks as a result of industrialization, especially in developing countries. More attention has been drawn to the relationship between obesity/overweight and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Especially for susceptible populations, the impact of air pollution on children and adolescents has attracted more public attentions. However, the detailed underlying mechanism influencing obesity or overweight under PM2.5 exposure is still unknown. Therefore, young mice were exposed to PM2.5 using the real-ambient exposure system that we previously established in Shijiazhuang city. Compared with the traditionally concentrated air particle (CAP) system, our real-ambient exposure system provides similar PM2.5 concentrations and characteristics as outdoor ambient air and minimizes the influence of external interfering factors. After 8 weeks of exposure to PM2.5, the weight of gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) was considerably increased, accompanied by a significantly enlarged size of adipocytes in sWAT. Importantly, multiomics analysis indicated altered metabolites involved in the lipid metabolism pathway, and transcriptomic analysis revealed notably changed signaling pathways related to fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, the mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial activity and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were increased in the liver under PM2.5 exposure. Taken together, our research investigated the hypotrophy of adipose tissue in young mice, supported an imbalance in lipid metabolism based on multiomics analysis, and revealed disordered mitochondrial function under PM2.5 exposure. Our study provided new insight into the hazardous effects of air pollution, and extended our understanding on the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Si
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Linyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Menghui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Menghui Jiang,
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