1
|
Ahmadi F, Lackner M. Recent findings in methanotrophs: genetics, molecular ecology, and biopotential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:60. [PMID: 38183483 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The potential consequences for mankind could be disastrous due to global warming, which arises from an increase in the average temperature on Earth. The elevation in temperature primarily stems from the escalation in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO2, CH4, and N2O within the atmosphere. Among these gases, methane (CH4) is particularly significant in driving alterations to the worldwide climate. Methanotrophic bacteria possess the distinctive ability to employ methane as both as source of carbon and energy. These bacteria show great potential as exceptional biocatalysts in advancing C1 bioconversion technology. The present review describes recent findings in methanotrophs including aerobic and anaerobic methanotroph bacteria, phenotypic characteristics, biotechnological potential, their physiology, ecology, and native multi-carbon utilizing pathways, and their molecular biology. The existing understanding of methanogenesis and methanotrophy in soil, as well as anaerobic methane oxidation and methanotrophy in temperate and extreme environments, is also covered in this discussion. New types of methanogens and communities of methanotrophic bacteria have been identified from various ecosystems and thoroughly examined for a range of biotechnological uses. Grasping the processes of methanogenesis and methanotrophy holds significant importance in the development of innovative agricultural techniques and industrial procedures that contribute to a more favorable equilibrium of GHG. This current review centers on the diversity of emerging methanogen and methanotroph species and their effects on the environment. By amalgamating advanced genetic analysis with ecological insights, this study pioneers a holistic approach to unraveling the biopotential of methanotrophs, offering unprecedented avenues for biotechnological applications. KEY POINTS: • The physiology of methanotrophic bacteria is fundamentally determined. • Native multi-carbon utilizing pathways in methanotrophic bacteria are summarized. • The genes responsible for encoding methane monooxygenase are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Camarero JJ, Salinas-Bonillo MJ, Valeriano C, Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Fernández-Cortés Á, Tamudo E, Montes F, Cabello J. Watering the trees for the forest: Drought alleviation in oaks and pines by ancestral ditches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175353. [PMID: 39116482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Traditional ditches ("acequias" in Spanish) derive meltwater and infiltrate groundwater providing ecological services downstream in the semi-arid Sierra Nevada range (SE Spain). Therefore, they may act as a nature-based solution by alleviating drought stress in trees growing near ditches by enhancing growth and reducing their intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). Such a mitigation role of acequias is critical given that some oak (Quercus pyrenaica) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands reach their xeric distribution limits in Europe. We compared tree-ring width data and wood δ13C, a proxy of iWUE, in oak and pine stands located near or far (control) from ditches with different infiltration capacity in two watersheds. We assessed how trees responded to climate data, drought stress, and vegetation greenness through correlations and resilience indices. Oak trees located near ditches grew more and responded less to precipitation, soil moisture, a drought index, and greenness than control trees. In pines, we did not find this pattern, and ditch trees grew more than control trees only during an extremely dry year (1995). Climate-growth correlations suggested a longer growing season in ditch pines. Growth of ditch oaks from the "Acequia Nueva" (AN), with high infiltration capacity, responded more to autumn soil moisture and showed the lowest δ13C. Growth was enhanced by cool-wet spring conditions in pines and also by warm-wet conditions in the prior winter in the case of oaks. Control trees showed lower resistance to drought. Control trees presented higher wood δ13C values except for old oaks from the "Acequia Grande" (AG) site which may show long-term acclimation. Traditional ditches alleviate drought stress in oak and pine stands subjected to regional xeric climate conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María J Salinas-Bonillo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Centro Andaluz para el Cambio Global, Hermelindo Castro (ENGLOBA), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
| | - Cristina Valeriano
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain; Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E. Lowell Street, Building no. 45, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángel Fernández-Cortés
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Centro Andaluz para el Cambio Global, Hermelindo Castro (ENGLOBA), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
| | - Elisa Tamudo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Fernando Montes
- Departamento de Dinámica y Gestión Forestal, Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Cabello
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Centro Andaluz para el Cambio Global, Hermelindo Castro (ENGLOBA), Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Skinner C, Bozec YM, Matthews SA, Williamson DH, Beeden R, Mumby PJ. Advancing projections of crown-of-thorns starfish to support management interventions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175282. [PMID: 39111433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Outbreaks of corallivorous Crown of Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster spp.; CoTS) cause substantial coral mortality throughout the Indo-Pacific, particularly on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Refining CoTS population density modelling and understanding the disparities between real-world observations and model predictions is crucial for developing effective control strategies. Using a spatially explicit ecosystem model of the GBR, we compared CoTS density model predictions to observations and incorporated a new zone-specific mortality rate to account for differences in predation of CoTS between fished and protected reefs. We found high congruence between predictions and observations: ∼81 % of categorical reef level CoTS densities matched or only differed by one category. However, underpredictions increased with higher observed densities. Zone-specific CoTS mortality reduced severe underpredictions from 7.1 % to 5.6 %, which is critical for managers as underpredictions indicate missing outbreaks where targeted culling is necessary, but also lead to underestimated coral loss attributed to CoTS outbreaks. Reef protection status affected prediction accuracy, highlighting the importance of further research on in situ CoTS mortality rates. The location of a reef inside or outside the "initiation box", a speculative area of primary outbreaks (i.e., initial abrupt population increases) on the GBR, also influenced accuracy, with exact predictions more likely outside. Accurately modelling initiation box dynamics is challenging due to limited empirical data on CoTS outbreaks, highlighting the need for focussed research on outbreak dynamics to enhance predictive accuracy. Spatial factors, such as region and shelf position, contributed to the variance between observations and predictions, underscoring the importance of the spatial-temporal context of each observation. Observations of CoTS can help refine model predictions, guide targeted control measures, and contribute to effective ecosystem management for the long-term resilience of the GBR and other reefs targeted by CoTS throughout the Indo-Pacific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Skinner
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Yves-Marie Bozec
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Samuel A Matthews
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia
| | - David H Williamson
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia
| | - Roger Beeden
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter J Mumby
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mou R, Jian Y, Zhou D, Li J, Yan Y, Tan B, Xu Z, Cui X, Li H, Zhang L, Xu H, Xu L, Wang L, Liu S, Yuan Y, Li J, Wang L, You C, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Divergent responses of woody plant leaf and root non-structural carbohydrates to nitrogen addition in China: Seasonal variations and ecological implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175425. [PMID: 39134261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), which largely comprise starch and soluble sugars, are essential energy reserves to support plant growth and physiological functions. While it is known that increasing global deposition of nitrogen (N) affects plant concentration of NSCs, quantification of seasonal responses and drivers of woody species leaf and root NSCs to N addition at larger spatial scales remains lacking. Here, we systematically analyzed data from 53 field experiments distributed across China, comprising 1202 observations, to test for effects of N addition on woody plant leaf and root NSCs across and within growing and non-growing seasons. We found (1) no overall effects of N addition on the concentrations of leaf and root NSCs, soluble sugars or starch during the growing season or the non-growing season for leaves. However, N addition decreased root NSC and starch concentrations by 13.8 % and 39.0 %, respectively, and increased soluble sugars concentration by 15.0 % during the non-growing season. (2) Shifts in leaf NSC concentration under N addition were driven by responses by soluble sugars in both seasons, while shifts in root NSC were driven by soluble sugars in the non-growing season and starch and soluble sugars in the growing season. (3) Relationships between N, carbon, and phosphorus stoichiometry with leaf and root NSCs indicated effects of N addition on woody plant NSCs allocation through impacts on plant photosynthesis, respiration, and growth. (4) Effects of N addition on leaf and root NSCs varied with plant functional types, where effects were more pronounced in roots than in leaves during the non-growing season. Overall, our results reveal divergent responses of woody plant leaf and root NSCs to N addition within non-growing season and highlight the role of ecological stoichiometry and plant functional types in woody plant allocation patterns of NSCs in response to ongoing N deposition under global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mou
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Jian
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Dengjie Zhou
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jihong Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yao Yan
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinglei Cui
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sining Liu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaling Yuan
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiao Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan, Sichuan 623002, China.
| | - Chengming You
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Q, Chen Y, Dou X, Liao D, Li K, An C, Li G, Dong Z. Microbial fertilizers improve soil quality and crop yield in coastal saline soils by regulating soil bacterial and fungal community structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175127. [PMID: 39084360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Salinization is a global problem affecting agricultural productivity and sustainability. The application of exogenous microbial fertilizer harbors great potential for improving saline-alkali soil conditions and increasing land productivity. Yet the responses to microbial fertilizer application rate in terms of rhizosphere soil biochemical characteristics, soil microbial community, and crop yield and their interrelationships and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we studied changes to rhizosphere soil-related variables, soil enzyme activity (catalase, sucrase, urease), microbial community diversity, and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yield under four fertilization concentration levels (0, 0.12, 0.24, and 0.36 kg m-2) in a saline-alkali ecosystem (Shandong, China). Our results showed that the best improvement effect on soil when the microbial fertilizer was applied at a rate of 0.24 kg m-2. Compared with the control (sweet sorghum + no fertilizer), it significantly increased soil organic carbon (21.50 %), available phosphorus (26.14 %), available potassium (36.30 %), and soil urease (38.46 %), while significantly reducing soil pH (2.21 %) and EC (12.04 %). Meanwhile, the yield of sweet sorghum was increased by 24.19 %. This is mainly because microbial fertilizers enhanced the diversity and the network complexity of bacterial and fungal communities, and influenced catalase (CAT), urease (UE), and sucrase (SC), thereby facilitating nutrient release in the soil, enhancing soil fertility, and indirectly influencing sweet sorghum productivity. Among them, Gemmatimonadota and Verrucomicrobiota may be the key microbial factors affecting sweet sorghum yield, while available potassium, soil urease and available phosphorus are the main soil factors. These findings provide valuable theoretical insights for preserving the health of coastal saline-alkali soils and meeting the agricultural demand for increased yield per unit of land area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qicong Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Soil-Water and Forest-Grass Ecological Conservation in Yellow River Basin of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Soil-Water and Forest-Grass Ecological Conservation in Yellow River Basin of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Dou
- Co-Innovation Center for Soil-Water and Forest-Grass Ecological Conservation in Yellow River Basin of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Dongxi Liao
- Co-Innovation Center for Soil-Water and Forest-Grass Ecological Conservation in Yellow River Basin of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Kaiyi Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Soil-Water and Forest-Grass Ecological Conservation in Yellow River Basin of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chunchun An
- Co-Innovation Center for Soil-Water and Forest-Grass Ecological Conservation in Yellow River Basin of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250000, China.
| | - Zhi Dong
- Co-Innovation Center for Soil-Water and Forest-Grass Ecological Conservation in Yellow River Basin of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Tai'an 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cuartero J, Querejeta JI, Prieto I, Frey B, Alguacil MM. Warming and rainfall reduction alter soil microbial diversity and co-occurrence networks and enhance pathogenic fungi in dryland soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175006. [PMID: 39069184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In this 9-year manipulative field experiment, we examined the impacts of experimental warming (2 °C, W), rainfall reduction (30 % decrease in annual rainfall, RR), and their combination (W + RR) on soil microbial communities and native vegetation in a semi-arid shrubland in south-eastern Spain. Warming had strong negative effects on plant performance across five coexisting native shrub species, consistently reducing their aboveground biomass growth and long-term survival. The impacts of rainfall reduction on plant growth and survival were species-specific and more variable. Warming strongly altered the soil microbial community alpha-diversity and changed the co-occurrence network structure. The relative abundance of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increased under W and W + RR, which could help buffer the direct negative impacts of climate change on their host plants nutrition and enhance their resistance to heat and drought stress. Indicator microbial taxa analyses evidenced that the marked sequence abundance of many plant pathogenic fungi, such as Phaeoacremonium, Cyberlindnera, Acremonium, Occultifur, Neodevriesia and Stagonosporopsis, increased significantly in the W and W + RR treatments. Moreover, the relative abundance of fungal animal pathogens and mycoparasites in soil also increased significantly under climate warming. Our findings indicate that warmer and drier conditions sustained over several years can alter the soil microbial community structure, composition, and network topology. The projected warmer and drier climate favours pathogenic fungi, which could offset the benefits of increased AMF abundance under warming and further aggravate the severe detrimental impacts of increased abiotic stress on native vegetation performance and ecosystem services in drylands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cuartero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - J I Querejeta
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - I Prieto
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain; Area de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - B Frey
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - M M Alguacil
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun X, Hu S, He R, Zeng J, Zhao D. Ecological restoration enhanced the stability of epiphytic microbial food webs of submerged macrophytes: Insights from predation characteristics of epiphytic predators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174547. [PMID: 38992355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The application of various submerged macrophytes for ecological restoration has gained increasing attention in urban lake ecosystems. The multitrophic microbial communities that colonized in various submerged macrophytes constitute microbial food webs through trophic cascade effects, which affect the biogeochemical cycles of the lake ecosystem and directly determine the effects of ecological restoration. Therefore, it is essential to reveal the diversity, composition, assembly processes, and stability of the microbial communities within epiphytic food webs of diverse submerged macrophytes under eutrophication and ecological restoration scenarios. In this study, we explored the epiphytic microbial food webs of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata in both eutrophic and ecological restoration regions. The obtained results indicated that the two regions with different nutrient levels remarkably affected the diversity and composition of epiphytic multitrophic microbial communities of submerged macrophytes, among them, the community composition of epiphytic predators were more prone to change. Secondly, environmental filtering effects played a more important role in driving the community assembly of epiphytic predators than that of prey. Furthermore, the generality and intraguild predation of epiphytic predators were significantly improved within ecological restoration regions, which increased the stability of epiphytic microbial food webs. Additionally, compared with Hydrilla verticillata, the epiphytic microbial food webs of Vallisneria natans exhibited higher multitrophic diversity and higher network stability regardless of regions. Overall, this study focused on the role of the epiphytic microbial food webs of submerged macrophytes in ecological restoration and uncovered the potential of epiphytic predators to enhance the stability of microbial food webs, which may provide new insights into the development of ecological restoration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Siwen Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Rujia He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; Poyang Lake Wetland Research Station, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332899, China
| | - Dayong Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Toumi C, Gauthier O, Grall J, Thiébaut É, Boyé A. Disentangling the effect of space, time, and environmental and anthropogenic drivers on coastal macrobenthic β diversity in contrasting habitats over 15 years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:173919. [PMID: 38889817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Coastal zones are biodiversity hotspots and deliver essential ecosystem functions and services, yet they are exposed to multiple and interacting anthropogenic and environmental constraints. The individual and cumulative effects of these constraints on benthic communities, a key component of coastal ecosystems, and their variability across space and time, remains to be thoroughly quantified to guide conservation actions. Here, we explored how the presence of biogenic habitats influences the response of benthic communities to natural and anthropogenic constraints. We investigated this effect in both intertidal and subtidal habitats exposed to different pressures. We used data collected in the North-East Atlantic over 15 years (2005-2019) as part of the REBENT monitoring program, covering 38 sites of bare sediments, intertidal seagrass beds and maerl beds. We collected a range of environmental variables and proxies of anthropogenic pressures and used variation and hierarchical partitioning with redundancy analyses to estimate their relative effect on macrobenthic communities. We used descriptors modeling spatial and temporal structures (dbMEMs) to explore the scale of their effects and potential missing predictors. The selected variables explained between 53 % and 64 % of macrobenthic β diversity depending on habitat and depth. Fishing pressures, sedimentary and hydrodynamics variables stood out as the most important predictors across all habitats while proxies of anthropogenic pressures were overall more important in intertidal habitats. In the intertidal, presence of biogenic habitat strongly modulated the amount of explained variance and the identity of the selected variable. Across both tidal levels, analysis of models' residuals further indicated that biogenic habitats might mitigate the effect of extreme environmental events. Our study provides a hierarchy of the most important drivers of benthic communities across different habitats and tidal levels, emphasizing the prominence of anthropogenic pressures on intertidal communities and the role of biogenic habitats in mitigating environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chirine Toumi
- LEMAR, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- LEMAR, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France; OSU IUEM, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jacques Grall
- LEMAR, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France; OSU IUEM, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Éric Thiébaut
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, OSU STAMAR, UAR2017, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Aurélien Boyé
- Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, DYNECO, Laboratory of Coastal Benthic Ecology, 29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang K, Zhang Z, Tang M, Ren Y, Hu J, Zhen Q, Zheng J. Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) plantation degradation aggravates microbial metabolic C and P limitations on the Northern Loess Plateau in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174088. [PMID: 38908587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation degradation in arid and semi-arid regions reduces plant C inputs to the soil, which can impede soil nutrient cycling because of the limited C source for microbial metabolism. However, whether vegetation degradation aggravates microbial nutrient limitation in degraded ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions is not fully understood. Here, we investigated changes in soil enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation along a well-documented gradient of degraded seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) (slightly degraded, canopy dieback <25 %, moderately degraded, canopy dieback 25 %-75 %, and severely degraded, canopy dieback >75 %) in Liang (long ridge) and gully channel locations in the Pisha Sandstone region of the Loess Plateau, China. We found that as the magnitude of seabuckthorn degradation increased, activities of C-acquiring enzymes and ratios of C:N and C:P enzymes (0.54-0.80 and 0.52-0.77, respectively) increased whereas the N:P enzyme ratio (0.93-0.99) decreased. Stoichiometric modelling further indicated that microorganisms were limited by soil C and P (vector angle >45°) in the seabuckthorn plantation region, and the degradation of seabuckthorn plantation aggravated microbial C and P limitations. Partial least squares path modelling revealed that seabuckthorn degradation (canopy dieback) was the main factor explaining microbial C limitation variations, while soil physicochemical properties (pH and soil moisture content) and understory plant parameters (litter biomass) were the major factors underlying microbial P limitation of long ridge and gully channel formations, respectively. Our findings highlight synergistic changes between aboveground and belowground processes, suggesting an unexpected negative effect of vegetation degradation on soil microbial community and nutrient cycling. These insights offer a direction for the development of plantation nutrients management strategies in semi-arid and arid areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiao Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mei Tang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunzhuo Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qing Zhen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jiyong Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu NC, Alton L, Bovo RP, Carey N, Currie SE, Lighton JRB, McKechnie AE, Pottier P, Rossi G, White CR, Levesque DL. Reporting guidelines for terrestrial respirometry: Building openness, transparency of metabolic rate and evaporative water loss data. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111688. [PMID: 38944270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Respirometry is an important tool for understanding whole-animal energy and water balance in relation to the environment. Consequently, the growing number of studies using respirometry over the last decade warrants reliable reporting and data sharing for effective dissemination and research synthesis. We provide a checklist guideline on five key sections to facilitate the transparency, reproducibility, and replicability of respirometry studies: 1) materials, set up, plumbing, 2) subject conditions/maintenance, 3) measurement conditions, 4) data processing, and 5) data reporting and statistics, each with explanations and example studies. Transparency in reporting and data availability has benefits on multiple fronts. Authors can use this checklist to design and report on their study, and reviewers and editors can use the checklist to assess the reporting quality of the manuscripts they review. Improved standards for reporting will enhance the value of primary studies and will greatly facilitate the ability to carry out higher quality research syntheses to address ecological and evolutionary theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Wu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, New South Wales 2753, Australia.
| | - Lesley Alton
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia. https://twitter.com/lesley_alton
| | - Rafael P Bovo
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States. https://twitter.com/bovo_rp
| | - Nicholas Carey
- Marine Directorate for the Scottish Government, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon E Currie
- Institute for Cell and Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Plz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. https://twitter.com/batsinthbelfry
| | - John R B Lighton
- Sable Systems International, North Las Vegas, NV, United States. https://twitter.com/SableSys
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- South African Research Chair in Conservation Physiology, South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patrice Pottier
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. https://twitter.com/PatriceEcoEvo
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. https://twitter.com/giuliasrossi
| | - Craig R White
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Danielle L Levesque
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States. https://twitter.com/dl_levesque
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo J, Wang N, Zhu Y, Wu Z, Ye Z, Christakos G, Wu J. Seasonal effects of fish, seaweed and abalone cultures on dissolved organic matter and carbon sequestration potential in Sansha Bay, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174144. [PMID: 38901588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Coastal bays serve as undeniable dissolved organic matter (DOM) reactors and the role of prevalent mariculture in DOM cycling deserves investigation. This study, based on four seasonal field samplings and a laboratory incubation experiment, examined the source and seasonal dynamics of DOM and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in the seawater of fish (Larimichthys crocea, LC), seaweed (Gracilaria lemaneiformis, GL) and abalone (Haliotis sp., HA) culturing zones in Sansha Bay, China. Using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEMs-PARAFAC), three fluorescent components were identified, i.e. protein-like C1, protein-like C2, and humic-like C3. Our results showed that mariculture activities dominated the DOM pool by seasonal generating abundant DOM with lower aromaticity and humification degrees. Accounting for 40-95 % of total fluorescent components, C1 (Ex/Em = 300/340 nm) was regarded the same as D1 (Ex/Em = 300/335 nm) identified in a 180-day degradation experiments of G. lemaneiformis detritus, indicating that the cultured seaweed modulated DOM through the seasonal production of C1. In addition, the incubation experiment revealed that 0.7 % of the total carbon content of seaweed detritus could be preserved as recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC). However, fish culture appeared to contribute to liable DOC and protein-like C2, exerting a substantial impact on DOM during winter but making a negligible contribution to carbon sequestration, while abalone culture might promote the potential export and sequestration of seaweed-derived carbon to the ocean. Our results highlight the influences of mariculture activities, especially seaweed culture, in shaping DOM pool in coastal bays. These findings can provide reference for future studies on the carbon accounting of mariculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yaojia Zhu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhanjiang Ye
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | | | - Jiaping Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dong Y, Van de Maele M, De Meester L, Verheyen J, Stoks R. Pollution offsets the rapid evolution of increased heat tolerance in a natural population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173070. [PMID: 38734087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing evidence for rapid thermal evolution in natural populations, evolutionary rescue under global warming may be constrained by the presence of other stressors. Highly relevant in our polluted planet, is the largely ignored evolutionary trade-off between heat tolerance and tolerance to pollutants. By using two subpopulations (separated 40 years in time) from a resurrected natural population of the water flea Daphnia magna that experienced a threefold increase in heat wave frequency during this period, we tested whether rapid evolution of heat tolerance resulted in reduced tolerance to the widespread metal zinc and whether this would affect heat tolerance upon exposure to the pollutant. Our results revealed rapid evolution of increased heat tolerance in the recent subpopulation. Notably, the sensitivity to the metal tended to be stronger (reduction in net energy budget) or was only present (reductions in heat tolerance and in sugar content) in the recent subpopulation. As a result, the rapidly evolved higher heat tolerance of the recent subpopulation was fully offset when exposed to zinc. Our results highlight that the many reports of evolutionary rescue to global change stressors may give a too optimistic view as our warming planet is polluted by metals and other pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Van de Maele
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Freshwater Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Charles Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kristiansen SM, Leinaas HP, van Gestel CAM, Borgå K. Thermal adaptation affects the temperature-dependent toxicity of the insecticide imidacloprid to soil invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173845. [PMID: 38871314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Terrestrial ectotherms are vulnerable to climate change since their biological rates depend on the ambient temperature. As temperature may interact with toxicant exposure, climate change may cause unpredictable responses to toxic stress. A population's thermal adaptation will impact its response to temperature change, but also to interactive effects from temperature and toxicants, but these effects are still not fully understood. Here, we assessed the combined effects of exposure to the insecticide imidacloprid across the temperatures 10-25 °C of two populations of the Collembola Hypogastrura viatica (Tullberg, 1872), by determining their responses in multiple life history traits. The con-specific populations differ considerably in thermal adaptations; one (arctic) is a temperature generalist, while the other (temperate) is a warm-adapted specialist. For both populations, the sub-lethal concentrations of imidacloprid became lethal with increasing temperature. Although the thermal maximum is higher for the warm-adapted population, the reduction in survival was stronger. Growth was reduced by imidacloprid in a temperature-dependent manner, but only at the adult life stage. The decrease in adult body size combined with the absence of an effect on the age at first reproduction suggests a selection on the timing of maturation. Egg production was reduced by imidacloprid in both populations, but the negative effect was only dependent on temperature in the warm-adapted population, with no effect at 10 °C, and decreases of 41 % at 15 °C, and 74 % at 20 °C. For several key traits, the population best adapted to utilize high temperatures was also the most sensitive to toxic stress at higher temperatures. It could be that by allocating more energy to faster growth, development, and reproduction at higher temperatures, the population had less energy for maintenance, making it more sensitive to toxic stress. Our findings demonstrate the need to take into account a population's thermal adaptation when assessing the interactive effects between temperature and other stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silje M Kristiansen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernvn 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hans P Leinaas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernvn 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boolelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernvn 31, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang S, Huang Q, Yu M. Advancements in remote sensing for active fire detection: A review of datasets and methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173273. [PMID: 38823698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study comprehensively and critically reviews active fire detection advancements in remote sensing from 1975 to the present, focusing on two main perspectives: datasets and corresponding instruments, and detection algorithms. The study highlights the increasing role of machine learning, particularly deep learning techniques, in active fire detection. Looking forward, the review outlines current challenges and future research opportunities in remote sensing for active fire detection. These include exploring data quality management and multi-modal learning, developing spatiotemporally explicit models, investigating self-supervised learning models, improving explainable and interpretable models, integrating physical-process based models with machine learning, and building digital twins to replicate wildfire dynamics and perform what-if scenario analysis. The review aims to serve as a valuable resource for informing natural resource management and enhancing environmental protection efforts through the application of remote sensing technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songxi Yang
- Spatial Computing and Data Mining Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53705, WI, USA
| | - Qunying Huang
- Spatial Computing and Data Mining Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53705, WI, USA.
| | - Manzhu Yu
- Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
McIntyre DB, Dawson BM, Long BM, Barton PS. A review of multi-disciplinary decomposition research and key drivers of variation in decay. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:2181-2192. [PMID: 38622312 PMCID: PMC11306653 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The decomposition of animal remains is a multifaceted process, involving ecological, biological, and chemical interactions. While the complexity is acknowledged through concepts like the necrobiome, it's unclear if this complexity is reflected in research. Appreciation of the complexity of decomposition is crucial for identifying sources of variation in estimations of time since death in medico-legal science, as well as building broader ecological knowledge of the decomposition process. To gain insights into the extent of multidisciplinary research in the field of decomposition science, we conducted an examination of peer-reviewed literature on four key drivers of variation: volatile organic compounds, microbes, drugs/toxins, and insects. Among 650 articles, we identified their scientific discipline, driver/s of variation investigated, and year of publication. We found that 19% explored relationships between two drivers, while only 4% investigated interactions between three. None considered all four drivers. Over the past three decades, there has been a steady increase in decomposition research publications, signifying its growing importance. Most research (79%) was linked to forensic science, highlighting opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration in decomposition science. Overall, our review underscores the need to incorporate multidisciplinary approaches and theory into contemporary decomposition research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna B McIntyre
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC, 3350, Australia.
- Graduate Research School, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC, 3350, Australia.
| | - Blake M Dawson
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Long
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC, 3350, Australia
| | - Philip S Barton
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University, Mount Helen, VIC, 3350, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Novick KA, Ficklin DL, Grossiord C, Konings AG, Martínez-Vilalta J, Sadok W, Trugman AT, Williams AP, Wright AJ, Abatzoglou JT, Dannenberg MP, Gentine P, Guan K, Johnston MR, Lowman LEL, Moore DJP, McDowell NG. The impacts of rising vapour pressure deficit in natural and managed ecosystems. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3561-3589. [PMID: 38348610 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
An exponential rise in the atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is among the most consequential impacts of climate change in terrestrial ecosystems. Rising VPD has negative and cascading effects on nearly all aspects of plant function including photosynthesis, water status, growth and survival. These responses are exacerbated by land-atmosphere interactions that couple VPD to soil water and govern the evolution of drought, affecting a range of ecosystem services including carbon uptake, biodiversity, the provisioning of water resources and crop yields. However, despite the global nature of this phenomenon, research on how to incorporate these impacts into resilient management regimes is largely in its infancy, due in part to the entanglement of VPD trends with those of other co-evolving climate drivers. Here, we review the mechanistic bases of VPD impacts at a range of spatial scales, paying particular attention to the independent and interactive influence of VPD in the context of other environmental changes. We then evaluate the consequences of these impacts within key management contexts, including water resources, croplands, wildfire risk mitigation and management of natural grasslands and forests. We conclude with recommendations describing how management regimes could be altered to mitigate the otherwise highly deleterious consequences of rising VPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Novick
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Darren L Ficklin
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna T Trugman
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - A Park Williams
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexandra J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John T Abatzoglou
- Management of Complex Systems Department, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Matthew P Dannenberg
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Learning the Earth with Artificial Intelligence and Physics (LEAP), Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumers, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Miriam R Johnston
- Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lauren E L Lowman
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David J P Moore
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang YE, Liao CH, Hsieh HH, Gradngay Abedneko V, Hung CC, Lee TM. Lateral carbon export of macroalgae and seagrass from diverse habitats contributes particulate organic carbon in the deep sea of the Northern South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116672. [PMID: 39047601 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Our study explored the lateral export of macroalgae and seagrass to the deep sea of the Northern South China Sea (NSCS). Particulate organic carbon (POC) collected from a depth of 500 m off southwestern Taiwan (station T) and Dongsha Atoll (station K) underwent environmental DNA (eDNA) and stable isotope assays. Metabarcoding using 18S V9 rDNA revealed lateral export of macrophyte detritus in NSCS. At station K, seagrass detritus predominated, while at station T, macroalgae-derived detritus was dominant. The consistency in the stable carbon isotope signature between POC and macrophytes indicates that stable carbon is an ideal bio-indicator for tracking macrophyte detritus destination and transformation after it has been laterally exported. Based on robust scientific methods, these findings provide valuable insights into the lateral export of macrophyte detritus to the deep sea in POC, influenced by habitat species, and shaped by distinct oceanographic physics around NSCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-En Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsin Liao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Han Hsieh
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Chang Hung
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Scharfenstein HJ, Peplow LM, Alvarez-Roa C, Nitschke MR, Chan WY, Buerger P, van Oppen MJH. Pushing the limits: expanding the temperature tolerance of a coral photosymbiont through differing selection regimes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2130-2145. [PMID: 39049585 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Coral thermal bleaching resilience can be improved by enhancing photosymbiont thermal tolerance via experimental evolution. While successful for some strains, selection under stable temperatures was ineffective at increasing the thermal threshold of an already thermo-tolerant photosymbiont (Durusdinium trenchii). Corals from environments with fluctuating temperatures tend to have comparatively high heat tolerance. Therefore, we investigated whether exposure to temperature oscillations can raise the upper thermal limit of D. trenchii. We exposed a D. trenchii strain to stable and fluctuating temperature profiles, which varied in oscillation frequency. After 2.1 yr (54-73 generations), we characterised the adaptive responses under the various experimental evolution treatments by constructing thermal performance curves of growth from 21 to 31°C for the heat-evolved and wild-type lineages. Additionally, the accumulation of extracellular reactive oxygen species, photophysiology, photosynthesis and respiration rates were assessed under increasing temperatures. Of the fluctuating temperature profiles investigated, selection under the most frequent oscillations (diurnal) induced the greatest widening of D. trenchii's thermal niche. Continuous selection under elevated temperatures induced the only increase in thermal optimum and a degree of generalism. Our findings demonstrate how differing levels of thermal homogeneity during selection drive unique adaptive responses to heat in a coral photosymbiont.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo J Scharfenstein
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia
| | - Lesa M Peplow
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia
| | - Carlos Alvarez-Roa
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia
| | - Matthew R Nitschke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Wing Yan Chan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick Buerger
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma ZS. Metagenome comparison (MC): A new framework for detecting unique/enriched OMUs (operational metagenomic units) derived from whole-genome sequencing reads. Comput Biol Med 2024; 180:108852. [PMID: 39137667 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current methods for comparing metagenomes, derived from whole-genome sequencing reads, include top-down metrics or parametric models such as metagenome-diversity, and bottom-up, non-parametric, model-free machine learning approaches like Naïve Bayes for k-mer-profiling. However, both types are limited in their ability to effectively and comprehensively identify and catalogue unique or enriched metagenomic genes, a critical task in comparative metagenomics. This challenge is significant and complex due to its NP-hard nature, which means computational time grows exponentially, or even faster, with the problem size, rendering it impractical for even the fastest supercomputers without heuristic approximation algorithms. METHOD In this study, we introduce a new framework, MC (Metagenome-Comparison), designed to exhaustively detect and catalogue unique or enriched metagenomic genes (MGs) and their derivatives, including metagenome functional gene clusters (MFGC), or more generally, the operational metagenomic unit (OMU) that can be considered the counterpart of the OTU (operational taxonomic unit) from amplicon sequencing reads. The MC is essentially a heuristic search algorithm guided by pairs of new metrics (termed MG-specificity or OMU-specificity, MG-specificity diversity or OMU-specificity diversity). It is further constrained by statistical significance (P-value) implemented as a pair of statistical tests. RESULTS We evaluated the MC using large metagenomic datasets related to obesity, diabetes, and IBD, and found that the proportions of unique and enriched metagenomic genes ranged from 0.001% to 0.08 % and 0.08%-0.82 % respectively, and less than 10 % for the MFGC. CONCLUSION The MC provides a robust method for comparing metagenomes at various scales, from baseline MGs to various function/pathway clusters of metagenomes, collectively termed OMUs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanshan Sam Ma
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harvard University Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Microbiome Medicine and Advanced AI Lab, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Golo R, Santamaría J, Vergés A, Cebrian E. The role of species thermal plasticity for alien species invasibility in a changing climate: A case study of Lophocladia trichoclados. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 200:106642. [PMID: 39024996 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea provides fertile ground for understanding the complex interplay between invasive species and native habitats, particularly within the context of climate change. This thermal tolerance study reveals the remarkable ability of Lophocladia trichoclados, a red algae species that has proven highly invasive, to adapt to varying temperatures, particularly thriving in colder Mediterranean waters, where it can withstand temperatures as low as 14 °C, a trait not observed in its native habitat. This rapid acclimation, occurring in less than a century, might entail a trade-off with high temperature resistance. Additionally, all sampled populations in the Mediterranean share the same haplotype, suggesting a common origin and the possibility that we might be facing an exceptionally acclimatable and invasive strain. This high degree of acclimatability could determine the future spread capacity in a changing scenario, highlighting the importance of considering both acclimation and adaptation in understanding the expansion of invasive species' ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Golo
- Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - J Santamaría
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Accés Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - A Vergés
- Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - E Cebrian
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Accés Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Holt G, Macqueen A, Lester RE. A flexible consistent framework for modelling multiple interacting environmental responses to management in space and time. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:122054. [PMID: 39106797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Management of resources is often a large-scale task addressed using many small-scale interventions. The range of scales at which organisms respond to those interventions, along with the many outcomes which management aims to achieve can make determining the success of management complex. Environmental flow is an example of management where there is a recognized need for managers to demonstrate the impact of their actions by integrating different types of environmental responses. Here, we aim to support decision making in environmental management via the development of a new modelling framework (eFlowEval). It has the capacity to capture best-available knowledge, to scale it in space and time, explore interactions among species, compare scenarios, and account for uncertainty. Thus, it provides a basis for including multiple target groups in a common system. The framework is readily updatable as new information becomes available and can identify where data are insufficient to be scientifically robust. We demonstrate the eFlowEval framework using three very different environmental responses: 1) metabolism, which is a measure of the energy produced and then used in an ecosystem, 2) favorability for a bird species of interest (royal spoonbill Platalea regia), and 3) competing wetland plants (Centipeda cunninghamii and lippia Phyla canescens). These demonstrations illustrate the capability of the eFlowEval framework but the specific outputs shown here should not be used to assess environmental responses to management. Using these demonstrations, we illustrate the capacity of the eFlowEval framework to provide assessments across a range of scales (local to landscape) and from short time frames (weeks to months) to multi-year assessments. Further, we illustrate the ability to: i) scale responses from local to basin scales, ii) vary driver-response model types, iii) represent uncertainty, iv) compare scenarios, v) accommodate variable parameter values at different locations, and vi) incorporate spatial and temporal dependencies and dependencies among species. We also illustrate the framework's ability to capture inter- and intraspecific interactions and their impact in space and time. The eFlowEval framework extends the capacity of the component response models to provide novel modeling capabilities for management at scale. It allows for interactions among species or processes to be incorporated, as well as in space and time. A large degree of flexibility is offered by the framework, in terms of driver-response model types, input data, and aggregation methods. Thus, the eFlowEval framework provides a mechanism to enhance the transparency of environmental watering decision making, capture institutional knowledge, enhance adaptive management and undertake evaluation of the impact of environmental watering at a range of spatial and temporal scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galen Holt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.
| | - Ashley Macqueen
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Lester
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
He H, Liu Z, Li D, Liu X, Han Y, Sun H, Zhao M, Shao M, Shi L, Hao P, Lai C. Effects of carbon limitation and carbon fertilization on karst lake-reservoir productivity. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122036. [PMID: 38981350 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus are universally recognized as limiting elements in the eutrophication processes affecting the majority of the world's lakes, reservoirs, and coastal ecosystems. However, despite extensive research spanning several decades, critical questions in eutrophication science remain unanswered. For example, there is still much to understand about the interactions between carbon limitation and ecosystem stability, and the availability of carbon components adds significant complexity to aquatic resource management. Mounting evidence suggests that aqueous CO2 could be a limiting factor, influencing the structure and succession of aquatic plant communities, especially in karstic lake and reservoir ecosystems. Moreover, the fertilization effect of aqueous CO2 has the potential to enhance carbon sequestration and phosphorus removal. Therefore, it is important to address these uncertainties to achieve multiple positive outcomes, including improved water quality and increased carbon sinks in karst lakes and reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Zaihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Dongli Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Mingyu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Liangxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengyun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaowei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guiyang 550081, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jacobsen AL, Venturas MD, Hacke UG, Pratt RB. Sap flow through partially embolized xylem vessel networks. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3375-3392. [PMID: 38826042 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Sap is transported through numerous conduits in the xylem of woody plants along the path from the soil to the leaves. When all conduits are functional, vessel lumen diameter is a strong predictor of hydraulic conductivity. As vessels become embolized, sap movement becomes increasingly affected by factors operating at scales beyond individual conduits, creating resistances that result in hydraulic conductivity diverging from diameter-based estimates. These effects include pit resistances, connectivity, path length, network topology, and vessel or sector isolation. The impact of these factors varies with the level and distribution of emboli within the network, and manifest as alterations in the relationship between the number and diameter of embolized vessels with measured declines in hydraulic conductivity across vulnerability to embolism curves. Divergences between measured conductivity and diameter-based estimates reveal functional differences that arise because of species- and tissue-specific vessel network structures. Such divergences are not uniform, and xylem tissues may diverge in different ways and to differing degrees. Plants regularly operate under nonoptimal conditions and contain numerous embolized conduits. Understanding the hydraulic implications of emboli within a network and the function of partially embolized networks are critical gaps in our understanding of plants occurring within natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Jacobsen
- Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| | - Martin D Venturas
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Brandon Pratt
- Department of Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang X, Yang L, Chen T, Wang Q, Yang J, Zhang T, Yang J, Zhao H, Lai S, Feng L, Yang W. Predicting influenza-like illness trends based on sentinel surveillance data in China from 2011 to 2019: A modelling and comparative study 1. Infect Dis Model 2024; 9:816-827. [PMID: 38725432 PMCID: PMC11079460 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease with a significant global disease burden. Additionally, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its related non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have introduced uncertainty to the spread of influenza. However, comparative studies on the performance of innovative models and approaches used for influenza prediction are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the trend of influenza-like illness (ILI) in settings with diverse climate characteristics in China based on sentinel surveillance data using three approaches and evaluate and compare their predictive performance. Methods The generalized additive model (GAM), deep learning hybrid model based on Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU), and autoregressive moving average-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARMA-GARCH) model were established to predict the trends of ILI 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week-ahead in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Hubei, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hainan, and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in China, based on sentinel surveillance data from 2011 to 2019. Three relevant metrics, namely, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R squared, were calculated to evaluate and compare the goodness of fit and robustness of the three models. Results Considering the MAPE, RMSE, and R squared values, the ARMA-GARCH model performed best, while the GRU-based deep learning hybrid model exhibited moderate performance and GAM made predictions with the least accuracy in the eight settings in China. Additionally, the models' predictive performance declined as the weeks ahead increased. Furthermore, blocked cross-validation indicated that all models were robust to changes in data and had low risks of overfitting. Conclusions Our study suggested that the ARMA-GARCH model exhibited the best accuracy in predicting ILI trends in China compared to the GAM and GRU-based deep learning hybrid model. Therefore, in the future, the ARMA-GARCH model may be used to predict ILI trends in public health practice across diverse climatic zones, thereby contributing to influenza control and prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100073, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Liuyang Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100073, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, China
- Department of Management Science and Information System, Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650506, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3600, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100073, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100073, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100073, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100073, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Luzhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100073, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100073, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Buchmiller NE, Weaver SJ, Bedard RE, Taylor EN, Moniz HA. Short communication: Storage time and temperature affect plasma osmolality values in field-collected blood samples. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 295:111665. [PMID: 38762048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
As climate change alters the hydric regime of many habitats, understanding the hydric physiology of animals becomes increasingly important. Plasma osmolality is a popular metric to assess an organism's hydration, but samples often need to be stored before being analyzed, under varying conditions and for different lengths of time. Previous studies on plasma storage conditions, and how they impact sample integrity, are minimal and have focused more on clinical applications than field studies. We studied the stability of osmolality values from wild rattlesnake plasma samples stored in commonly used plastic snap-cap tubes under different time (0, 2, 3, 7, 29 days) and temperature (refrigerated at 2 °C and frozen at -18 °C) treatments. We hypothesized that frozen samples would remain more stable (e.g., retain osmolality values more similar to baseline values) than refrigerated samples because freezing the plasma would reduce evaporation. We found that osmolality of samples increased over time at both temperatures, becoming significantly higher than baseline after 7 days. Contrary to our prediction, osmolality increased more in frozen samples than in refrigerated samples. We discuss possible reasons for our results, along with their implications. To obtain the most accurate plasma osmolality values, we recommend refrigerating plasma samples for as short a time as possible, 3 days or fewer, before analyzing them on an osmometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemo E Buchmiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-0411, United States of America
| | - Savannah J Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-0411, United States of America
| | - Robin E Bedard
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-0411, United States of America
| | - Emily N Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-0411, United States of America
| | - Haley A Moniz
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-0411, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liow LH, Porto A, Di Martino E. Trait-Fitness Associations via Fecundity and Competition in a Two-Million-Year-Long Fossil Record. Am Nat 2024; 204:258-273. [PMID: 39179234 DOI: 10.1086/731332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
AbstractThe evolution of phenotypic traits is usually studied on generational timescales or across species on million-year timescales. We bridge this conceptual gap by using high-density sampling of a species lineage, Microporella agonistes (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida), over 2 million years of its evolutionary history, to ask whether trait-fitness associations are consistent with evolutionary trait models often applied to phenotypic time series. We use average fecundity and competitive outcome as two different fitness components, where competitive outcome is a proxy for partial survival. Examining three quantitative traits in multivariate analyses, we present evidence that some traits experienced substantial selective pressures, in part controlled by past environments. A complex interplay of resource competition with an altering set of competitors and past temperatures has contributed to the changing patterns of phenotypes within the focal species. A comparison with congeneric species living in the same regional community suggests that size traits are more temporally variable and less constrained than shape traits. Our analyses also show that while controls on phenotypes are complex and varied in time, ecological and evolutionary processes that unfold on shorter timescales are not inconsistent with macroevolutionary patterns observed on longer timescales.
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiménez-Ramos R, Brun FG, Vergara JJ, Hernández I, Pérez-Lloréns JL, Egea LG. Nutrient enrichment and herbivory alter carbon balance in temperate seagrass communities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116784. [PMID: 39083908 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Large nutrient levels and herbivory stress, particularly when acting together, drive a variety of responses in seagrass communities that ultimately may weaken their carbon balance. An in situ three-months experiment was carried out in two contrasting seasons to address the effects of two levels of nutrient load and three levels of artificial clipping on Cymodocea nodosa plants. Nutrient enrichment shifted the community from autotrophic to heterotrophic and reduced DOC fluxes in winter, whereas enhanced community carbon metabolism and DOC fluxes in summer. Herbivory stress decreased the net primary production in both seasons, whereas net DOC release increased in winter but decreased in summer. A reduction of seagrass food-web structure was observed under both disturbances evidencing impacts on the seagrass ecosystems services by altering the carbon transfer process and the loss of superficial OC, which may finally weaken the blue carbon storage capacity of these communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Jiménez-Ramos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Fernando G Brun
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan J Vergara
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J Lucas Pérez-Lloréns
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Luis G Egea
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ryderheim F, Olesen J, Kiørboe T. A siliceous arms race in pelagic plankton. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2407876121. [PMID: 39159378 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2407876121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Coevolution between predator and prey plays a central role in shaping the pelagic realm and may have significant implications for marine ecosystems and nutrient cycling dynamics. The siliceous diatom frustule is often assumed to have coevolved with the silica-lined teeth of copepods, but empirical evidence of how this relationship drives natural selection and evolution is still lacking. Here, we show that feeding on diatoms causes significant wear and tear on copepod teeth and that this leads to copepods becoming selective feeders. Teeth from copepods feeding on thick-shelled diatoms were more likely to be broken or cracked than those feeding on a dinoflagellate. When fed a large diatom, all analyzed teeth had visible wear. Our results underscore the importance of the predator-prey arms race as a driving force in planktonic evolution and diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Ryderheim
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kiørboe
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Velikaneye BA, Kozak GM. Timing-dependent effects of elevated temperature on reproductive traits in the European corn borer moth. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:1076-1090. [PMID: 39037024 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Elevated temperature often has life stage-specific effects on ectotherms because thermal tolerance varies throughout ontogeny. Impacts of elevated temperature may extend beyond the exposed life stage if developmental plasticity causes early exposure to carry-over or if exposure at multiple life stages cumulatively produces effects. Reproductive traits may be sensitive to different thermal environments experienced during development, but such effects have not been comprehensively measured in Lepidoptera. In this study, we investigate how elevated temperature at different life stages alters reproduction in the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis. We tested effects of exposure to elevated temperature (28 °C) separately or additively during larval, pupal, and adult life stages compared to control temperatures (23 °C). We found that exposure to elevated pupal and adult temperature decreased the number of egg clusters produced, but exposure limited to a single stage did not significantly impact reproductive output. Furthermore, elevated temperature during the pupal stage led to a faster transition to the adult stage and elevated larval temperature altered synchrony of adult eclosion, either by itself or combined with pupal temperature exposure. These results suggest that exposure to elevated temperature during development alters reproduction in corn borers in multiple ways, including through carry-over and additive effects. Additive effects of temperature across life stages are thought to be less common than stage-specific or carry-over effects, but our results suggest thermal environments experienced at all life stages need to be considered when predicting reproductive responses of insects to heatwaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Velikaneye
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Genevieve M Kozak
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Aich U, Polverino G, Yazdan Parast F, Melo GC, Tan H, Howells J, Nosrati R, Wong BBM. Long-term effects of widespread pharmaceutical pollution on trade-offs between behavioural, life-history and reproductive traits in fish. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 39188010 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
In our rapidly changing world, understanding how species respond to shifting conditions is of paramount importance. Pharmaceutical pollutants are widespread in aquatic ecosystems globally, yet their impacts on animal behaviour, life-history and reproductive allocation remain poorly understood, especially in the context of intraspecific variation in ecologically important traits that facilitate species' adaptive capacities. We test whether a widespread pharmaceutical pollutant, fluoxetine (Prozac), disrupts the trade-off between individual-level (co)variation in behavioural, life-history and reproductive traits of freshwater fish. We exposed the progeny of wild-caught guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to three field-relevant levels of fluoxetine (mean measured concentrations: 0, 31.5 and 316 ng/L) for 5 years, across multiple generations. We used 12 independent laboratory populations and repeatedly quantified activity and risk-taking behaviour of male guppies, capturing both mean behaviours and variation within and between individuals across exposure treatments. We also measured key life-history traits (body condition, coloration and gonopodium size) and assessed post-copulatory sperm traits (sperm vitality, number and velocity) that are known to be under strong sexual selection in polyandrous species. Intraspecific (co)variation of these traits was analysed using a comprehensive, multivariate statistical approach. Fluoxetine had a dose-specific (mean) effect on the life-history and sperm trait of guppies: low pollutant exposure altered male body condition and increased gonopodium size, but reduced sperm velocity. At the individual level, fluoxetine reduced the behavioural plasticity of guppies by eroding their within-individual variation in both activity and risk-taking behaviour. Fluoxetine also altered between-individual correlations in pace-of-life syndrome traits: it triggered the emergence of correlations between behavioural and life-history traits (e.g. activity and body condition) and between life-history and sperm traits (e.g. gonopodium size and sperm vitality), but collapsed other between-individual correlations (e.g. activity and gonopodium size). Our results reveal that chronic exposure to global pollutants can affect phenotypic traits at both population and individual levels, and even alter individual-level correlations among such traits in a dose-specific manner. We discuss the need to integrate individual-level analyses and test behaviour in association with life-history and reproductive traits to fully understand how animals respond to human-induced environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upama Aich
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giovanni Polverino
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Farin Yazdan Parast
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriela C Melo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hung Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Howells
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reza Nosrati
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jupin JLJ, Ruiz-Fernández AC, Sifeddine A, Mendez-Millan M, Sanchez-Cabeza JA, Pérez-Bernal LH, Cardoso-Mohedano JG, Gómez-Ponce MA, Flores-Trujillo JG. Terrestrial inputs boost organic carbon accumulation in Mexican mangroves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173440. [PMID: 38802018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite their ability to mitigate climate change by efficiently absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and acting as natural long-term carbon sinks, mangrove ecosystems have faced several anthropogenic threats over the past century, resulting in a decline in the global mangrove cover. By using standardized methods and the most recent Bayesian tracer mixing models MixSIAR, this study aimed to quantify source contributions, burial rates, and stocks of organic carbon (Corg) and explore their temporal changes (∼100 years) in seven lead-210 dated sediment cores collected from three contrasting Mexican mangrove areas. The spatial variation in Corg burial rates and stocks in these blue carbon ecosystems primarily depended on the influence of local rivers, which controlled Corg sources and fluxes within the mangrove areas. The Corg burial rates in the cores ranged from 66 ± 16 to 400 ± 40 g m-2 yr-1. The Corg stocks ranged from 84.9 ± 0.7 to 255 ± 2 Mg ha-1 at 50 cm depth and from 137 ± 2 to 241 ± 4 Mg ha-1 at 1 m depth. The highest Corg burial rates and stocks were observed in cores from the carbonate platform of Yucatan and in cores with reduced river influence and high mangrove detritus inputs, in contrast to patterns identified from global databases. Over the past century, the rising trends in Corg burial rates and stocks in the study sites were primarily driven by enhanced inputs of fluvial-derived Corg and, in some cores, mangrove-derived Corg. Despite their decreasing extension, mangrove areas remained highly effective producers and sinks of Corg. Ongoing efforts to enhance the global database should continue, including mangrove area characteristics and reliable timescales to facilitate cross-comparison among studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L J Jupin
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico; IRD, CNRS, SU, MNHN, IPSL, LOCEAN, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentation et Approches Numériques Centre IRD France Nord, 93143 Bondy, France
| | - A C Ruiz-Fernández
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040 Mazatlán, Sin., Mexico.
| | - A Sifeddine
- IRD, CNRS, SU, MNHN, IPSL, LOCEAN, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentation et Approches Numériques Centre IRD France Nord, 93143 Bondy, France.
| | - M Mendez-Millan
- IRD, CNRS, SU, MNHN, IPSL, LOCEAN, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentation et Approches Numériques Centre IRD France Nord, 93143 Bondy, France.
| | - J A Sanchez-Cabeza
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040 Mazatlán, Sin., Mexico.
| | - L H Pérez-Bernal
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 82040 Mazatlán, Sin., Mexico.
| | - J G Cardoso-Mohedano
- Estación el Carmen, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Carmen-Puerto Real km 9.5, 24157 Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico.
| | - M A Gómez-Ponce
- Estación el Carmen, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Carmen-Puerto Real km 9.5, 24157 Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, Mexico.
| | - J G Flores-Trujillo
- Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Calle 56 No. 4, Col. Benito Juárez, 24180 Cd. del Carmen, Camp., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Panyushkina IP, Jull AJT, Molnár M, Varga T, Kontul’ I, Hantemirov R, Kukarskih V, Sljusarenko I, Myglan V, Livina V. The timing of the ca-660 BCE Miyake solar-proton event constrained to between 664 and 663 BCE. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 5:454. [PMID: 39185327 PMCID: PMC11343717 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Extreme solar energetic particle events, known as Miyake events, are rare phenomena observed by cosmogenic isotopes, with only six documented. The timing of the ca. 660 BCE Miyake event remains undefined until now. Here, we assign its occurrence to 664-663 BCE through new radiocarbon measurements in gymnosperm larch tree rings from arctic-alpine biomes (Yamal and Altai). Using a 22-box carbon cycle model and Bayesian statistics, we calculate the radiocarbon production rate during the event that is 3.2-4.8 times higher than the average solar modulation, and comparable to the 774-775 CE solar-proton event. The prolonged radiocarbon signature manifests a 12‰ rise over two years. The non-uniform signal in the tree rings is likely driven by the low rate of CO2 gas exchange between the trees and the ambient atmosphere, and the high residence time of radiocarbon in the post-event stratosphere. We caution about using the event's pronounced signature for precise single-year-dating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. J. Timothy Jull
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
- Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mihaly Molnár
- Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Varga
- Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ivan Kontul’
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rashit Hantemirov
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladymir Kukarskih
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor Sljusarenko
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladymir Myglan
- School for the Humanities, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Valerie Livina
- Data Science Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Y, Li Z, Xu H, Ge W, Qian H, Li J, Sun H, Zhang H, Jiao Y. Impact of floods on the environment: A review of indicators, influencing factors, and evaluation methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175683. [PMID: 39173752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Floods have a wide range of environmental effects. However, owing to the complex composition of the environment and the numerous factors influencing environmental flood risk, few studies have systematically analyzed the impact of floods on the environment. After reviewing the various impacts of floods on the environment, we summarized them into four indicators (water pollution, erosion and deposition, biomass impact, and biodiversity impact) and analyzed the interrelationships between the four indicators. We then summarized 14 key factors affecting the degree of impact of floods on the environment (flood depth, velocity, duration, sediment concentration, timing of flood, temperature, point source and non-point source, height, age, waterlogging tolerance of plants, migration ability of animals, survival time of animals during floods, species richness, and biomass density) and analyzed their influence mechanisms on each indicator. We then compared the principles, scope of application, accuracy, and limitations of six environmental flood impact evaluation methods and found that the multi-factor evaluation method has great application prospects. Finally, we proposed two recommendations for future research to assess and reduce environmental flood impacts. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of floods on the environment and a basis for evaluating the impact and formulating measures to mitigate the degree of impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zongkun Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hongyin Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wei Ge
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Hui Qian
- Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Zhengzhou University of Railway Engineering, Zhengzhou 450100, China
| | - Heqiang Sun
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yutie Jiao
- School of Water Conservancy and Transportation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lo Parrino E, Ficetola GF, Devin M, Manenti R, Falaschi M. Integrating adult occurrence and reproduction data to identify conservation measures for amphibians. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14343. [PMID: 39166831 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring programs are pivotal to establishing sound management. Due to economic, logistic, and time limitations, monitoring programs often overlook differences among life-history stages. However, species occurrence does not necessarily mean population viability, and it is unclear to what extent monitoring programs that do not consider separately adult presence and reproduction provide effective management indications. Unfortunately, collecting data on certain life stages requires high sampling effort, leading to a trade-off between model reliability and resources needed for monitoring. We collected data on presence and reproduction of amphibians by monitoring 207 waterbodies in Lombardy (northern Italy) in 2017-2022. We then used multistate occupancy models to test whether certain environmental features, namely, pond area, hydroperiod, forest cover, shade, aquatic vegetation, and predators' presence, differentially affected adult occurrence and breeding probabilities of multiple amphibian species. To assess optimal sampling efforts, we modeled the detection probabilities of adults and reproduction across multiple species. Finally, we identified the optimal monitoring strategy under different scenarios of resource availability, comparing adult-only monitoring versus joint assessment of the occurrence of adults and reproduction. In many cases, the main drivers of adult occurrence and reproduction did not coincide because most investigated ecological variables affected one life stage or the other. Forest area, for instance, increased occurrence probabilities of adults of the endemic Rana latastei but showed no effect on their reproduction probabilities. Quantitative estimates of the sampling effort showed that occurrence of adults was easier to spot in 4 out of 7 species. Multicriteria decision analyses showed that when resources were scarce, monitoring adults was the optimal strategy for those 4 species. Conversely, with more resources, monitoring both adults and reproduction emerged as the best strategy for all the considered species. Integrated monitoring of adults and reproduction is essential to comprehensively identify effective conservation measures for amphibians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elia Lo Parrino
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Devin
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Falaschi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
DeSimone JG, DeGroote LW, MacKenzie SA, Owen JC, Patterson AJ, Cohen EB. Persistent species relationships characterize migrating bird communities across stopover sites and seasons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322063121. [PMID: 39136989 PMCID: PMC11348330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322063121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Global migrations of diverse animal species often converge along the same routes, bringing together seasonal assemblages of animals that may compete, prey on each other, and share information or pathogens. These interspecific interactions, when energetic demands are high and the time to complete journeys is short, may influence survival, migratory success, stopover ecology, and migratory routes. Numerous accounts suggest that interspecific co-migrations are globally distributed in aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial systems, although the study of migration to date has rarely investigated species interactions among migrating animals. Here, we test the hypothesis that migrating animals are communities engaged in networks of ecological interactions. We leverage over half a million records of 50 bird species from five bird banding sites collected over 8 to 23 y to test for species associations using social network analyses. We find strong support for persistent species relationships across sites and between spring and fall migration. These relationships may be ecologically meaningful: They are often stronger among phylogenetically related species with similar foraging behaviors and nonbreeding ranges even after accounting for the nonsocial contributions to associations, including overlap in migration timing and habitat use. While interspecific interactions could result in costly competition or beneficial information exchange, we find that relationships are largely positive, suggesting limited competitive exclusion at the scale of a banding station during migratory stopovers. Our findings support an understanding of animal migrations that consist of networked communities rather than random assemblages of independently migrating species, encouraging future studies of the nature and consequences of co-migrant interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joely G. DeSimone
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD21532
| | - Lucaske W. DeGroote
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD21532
- Powdermill Nature Reserve, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Rector, PA15677
| | | | - Jennifer C. Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
- Michigan State Bird Observatory, East Lansing, MI48823
| | | | - Emily B. Cohen
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD21532
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Clark-Wolf TJ, Boersma PD, Plard F, Rebstock GA, Abrahms B. Increasing environmental variability inhibits evolutionary rescue in a long-lived vertebrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406314121. [PMID: 39133852 PMCID: PMC11348156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406314121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary rescue, whereby adaptive evolutionary change rescues populations from extinction, is theorized to enable imperiled animal populations to persist under increasing anthropogenic change. Despite a large body of evidence in theoretical and laboratory settings, the potential for evolutionary rescue to be a viable adaptation process for free-ranging animals remains unknown. Here, we leverage a 38-year dataset following the fates of 53,959 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) to investigate whether a free-ranging vertebrate species can morphologically adapt to long-term environmental change sufficiently to promote population persistence. Despite strong selective pressures, we found that penguins did not adapt morphologically to long-term environmental changes, leading to projected population extirpation. Fluctuating selection benefited larger penguins in some environmental contexts, and smaller penguins in others, ultimately mitigating their ability to adapt under increasing environmental variability. Under future climate projections, we found that the species cannot be rescued by adaptation, suggesting similar constraints for other long-lived species. Such results reveal how fluctuating selection driven by environmental variability can inhibit adaptation under long-term environmental change. Our eco-evolutionary approach helps explain the lack of adaptation and evolutionary rescue in response to environmental change observed in many animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Clark-Wolf
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT84322
| | - P. Dee Boersma
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Floriane Plard
- Independent Researcher, Barraque de la Pinatelle, Tremoulet, Molompize15500, France
| | - Ginger A. Rebstock
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Briana Abrahms
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zill J, Perujo N, Fink P, Mallast U, Siebert C, Weitere M. Contribution of groundwater-borne nutrients to eutrophication potential and the share of benthic algae in a large lowland river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175617. [PMID: 39159693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater inflow can be a significant source of nutrients for riverine ecosystems, which can affect eutrophication i.e., the elevated primary production and the corresponding accumulation of algal biomass. Experimental and modelling work has shown that benthic algae (autotrophic biofilms) in particular benefit, as they have direct access to the inflowing groundwater-borne nutrients. Primarily the supply of phosphorus (P) enhances pelagic algal biomass, as it is the limiting nutrient for primary production in most freshwater systems. In this study, we estimate the effect of groundwater inflow on overall eutrophication of a large, European lowland river and tested its seasonal effect on biofilms in particular. We calculated the effects on overall eutrophication during summer according to the estimated input of groundwater-borne P and the C:P stoichiometry of planktonic algae in the Elbe River. Our model indicated that these diffuse P inputs have the potential to significantly increase eutrophication. Groundwater-P can contribute up to 1.5 t/d PO4 over the investigated 450 km stretch of the Elbe River under low flow conditions. This would result in an additional planktonic load of about 46 t/d of particulate organic carbon, thereby contributing to eutrophication at the regional scale in this river. In contrast, at the local scale, biofilms were collected seasonally from artificial substrata exposed in the river either in hydrogeologically active areas with groundwater inflow, or in areas of varying hydraulic connectivity. Analyses of biofilm macronutrients, structural components and biofilm community composition show distinct effects of season, hydrogeology and groundwater inflow. The dominant predictors were season and the interaction between hydrogeology and groundwater. Benthic eutrophication is most likely to occur in autumn in areas of loose rock with high groundwater inflow. The strong interaction of environmental factors in determining benthic eutrophication highlights the need to assess these factors in combination rather than in isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zill
- Dept. Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany; Dept. River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany.
| | - Nuria Perujo
- Dept. River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany
| | - Patrick Fink
- Dept. River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany; Dept. Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany
| | - Ulf Mallast
- Dept. Monitoring- and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Christian Siebert
- Dept. Catchment Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Dept. River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg 39114, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wenting E, Jansen PA, Burggraeve S, Delsman DF, Siepel H, van Langevelde F. The influence of vertebrate scavengers on leakage of nutrients from carcasses. Oecologia 2024:10.1007/s00442-024-05608-w. [PMID: 39153020 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The decomposition of carcasses by scavengers and microbial decomposers is an important component of the biochemical cycle that can strongly alter the chemical composition of soils locally. Different scavenger guilds are assumed to have a different influence on the chemical elements that leak into the soil, although this assumption has not been empirically tested. Here, we experimentally determine how different guilds of vertebrate scavengers influence local nutrient dynamics. We performed a field experiment in which we systematically excluded different subsets of vertebrate scavengers from decomposing carcasses of fallow deer (Dama dama), and compared elemental concentrations in the soil beneath and in the vegetation next to the carcasses over time throughout the decomposition process. We used four exclusion treatments: excluding (1) no scavengers, thus allowing them all; (2) wild boar (Sus scrofa); (3) all mammals; and (4) all mammals and birds. We found that fluxes of several elements into the soil showed distinct peaks when all vertebrates were excluded. Especially, trace elements (Cu and Zn) seemed to be influenced by carcass decomposition. However, we found no differences in fluxes between partial exclusion treatments. Thus, vertebrate scavengers indeed reduce leakage of elements from carcasses into the soil, hence influencing local biochemical cycles, but did so independent of which vertebrate scavenger guild had access. Our results suggest that carcass-derived elements are dispersed over larger areas rather than locally leak into the soil when vertebrate scavengers dominate the decomposition process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Wenting
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Box 9010, 6500, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Balboa, Panama
| | - Simon Burggraeve
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Devon F Delsman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Box 9010, 6500, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Langevelde
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dutta Roy A, Pitumpe Arachchige PS, Watt MS, Kale A, Davies M, Heng JE, Daneil R, Galgamuwa GAP, Moussa LG, Timsina K, Ewane EB, Rogers K, Hendy I, Edwards-Jones A, de-Miguel S, Burt JA, Ali T, Sidik F, Abdullah M, Pandi Selvam P, Jaafar WSWM, Alawatte I, Doaemo W, Cardil A, Mohan M. Remote sensing-based mangrove blue carbon assessment in the Asia-Pacific: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173270. [PMID: 38772491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Accurate measuring, mapping, and monitoring of mangrove forests support the sustainable management of mangrove blue carbon in the Asia-Pacific. Remote sensing coupled with modeling can efficiently and accurately estimate mangrove blue carbon stocks at larger spatiotemporal extents. This study aimed to identify trends in remote sensing/modeling employed in estimating mangrove blue carbon, attributes/variations in mangrove carbon sequestration estimated using remote sensing, and to compile research gaps and opportunities, followed by providing recommendations for future research. Using a systematic literature review approach, we reviewed 105 remote sensing-based peer-reviewed articles (1990 - June 2023). Despite their high mangrove extent, there was a paucity of studies from Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Papua New Guinea. The most frequently used sensor was Sentinel-2 MSI, accounting for 14.5 % of overall usage, followed by Landsat 8 OLI (11.5 %), ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 (7.3 %), ALOS PALSAR (7.2 %), Landsat 7 ETM+ (6.1 %), Sentinel-1 (6.7 %), Landsat 5 TM (5.5 %), SRTM DEM (5.5 %), and UAV-LiDAR (4.8 %). Although parametric methods like linear regression remain the most widely used, machine learning regression models such as Random Forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGB) have become popular in recent years and have shown good accuracy. Among a variety of attributes estimated, below-ground mangrove blue carbon and the valuation of carbon stock were less studied. The variation in carbon sequestration potential as a result of location, species, and forest type was widely studied. To improve the accuracy of blue carbon measurements, standardized/coordinated and innovative methodologies accompanied by credible information and actionable data should be carried out. Technical monitoring (every 2-5 years) enhanced by remote sensing can provide accurate and precise data for sustainable mangrove management while opening ventures for voluntary carbon markets to benefit the environment and local livelihood in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Dutta Roy
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea; School of Agrifood and Forestry Engineering and Veterinary Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pavithra S Pitumpe Arachchige
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Apoorwa Kale
- Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mollie Davies
- Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Joe Eu Heng
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Redeat Daneil
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - G A Pabodha Galgamuwa
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea; The Nature Conservancy, Maryland/DC Chapter, Cumberland, MD, United States
| | - Lara G Moussa
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Kausila Timsina
- Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Ewane Basil Ewane
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea; BlueForests, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Geography, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Kerrylee Rogers
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences (SEALS), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Hendy
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sergio de-Miguel
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Solsona, Spain
| | - John A Burt
- Center for Interacting Urban Networks (CITIES) and Mubadala Arabian Center for Climate and Environmental Sciences (Mubadala ACCESS), New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tarig Ali
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah (AUS), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frida Sidik
- Research Centre for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Meshal Abdullah
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Geography, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Earth Observation Center, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Isuru Alawatte
- Department of Forest Conservation, Ministry of Wildlife and Forest Resources Conservation, Sri Lanka
| | - Willie Doaemo
- Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea; Department of Civil Engineering, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Adrián Cardil
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Solsona, Spain; Tecnosylva, León, Spain
| | - Midhun Mohan
- Ecoresolve, San Francisco, CA, United States; Morobe Development Foundation (via United Nations Volunteering Program), Lae, Papua New Guinea; BlueForests, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah (AUS), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Earth Observation Center, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Geography, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Du M, Xu C, Wang A, Lv P, Xu Z, Zhang X. Different drought recovery strategy between Larix spp. and Quercus mongolica in temperate forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173521. [PMID: 38802012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Forests are experiencing increasingly severe drought stress worldwide. Although most studies have quantified how tree growth was affected by extreme droughts, how trees recover from different drought intensities are still poorly understood for different species. We used a network of tree-ring data comprising 731 Quercus mongolica trees across 29 sites, 312 Larix olgensis Henry trees from 13 sites, and 818 Larix principis-rupprechtii trees from 34 sites, covering most of their distribution range in northern China, to compare the influences of drought intensity on post-drought recovery. The results showed that summer droughts had strong negative influences on tree growth. Post-drought growth varied with drought intensity for the three species. Larix species exhibited strong legacy effects after severe droughts, which is related to the lack of compensatory growth. In contrast, the compensatory growth of Q. mongolica reduced drought legacy effect. However, the compensatory growth of Q. mongolica gradually weaken with increasing drought intensity and disappeared during severe drought. Our findings indicated that influence of drought on Q. mongolica growth mainly shown in drought years, but Larix species suffered from long-term drought legacy effects, implying Q. mongolica rapidly recovered from droughts but Larix species need several years to recover from droughts, thus the two genera have different recovery strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Du
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Ao Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Pengcheng Lv
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Zhongqi Xu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China; Long-term Silviculture base in Saihanba, Chengde, Hebei 068456, China; Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, 071001 Baoding, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shameer KS, Hardy ICW. Host-parasitoid trophic webs in complex agricultural systems. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024:101253. [PMID: 39153528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The composition and dynamics of ecological communities are complex because of the presence of large numbers of organisms, belonging to many different species, each with their own evolutionary history, and their numerous interactions. The construction and analysis of trophic webs summarizes interactions across trophic levels and links community structure to properties such as ecosystem services. We focus on agro-ecological communities, which may be simpler than natural communities but nonetheless present considerable challenges to describe and understand. We review the characteristics and study of communities comprised of plants, phytophagous insects and insect parasitoids with particular regard to the maintenance of sustainable agro-ecological communities and ecosystem services, especially biological pest control. We are constrained to largely overlook other members of these communities, such as hyper-parasitoids, predators, parasites and microbes. We draw chiefly on recent literature while acknowledging the importance of many advances made during the immediately preceding decades. Trophic web construction and analysis can greatly improve the understanding of the role and impact of herbivores and natural enemies in agro-ecological communities and the various species interactions, such as apparent competition, which assists biocontrol strategies. The study of trophic webs also helps in predicting community ecology consequences of externally-driven changes to agro-ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Shameer
- Insect Ecology and Ethology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram, Kerala 673635, India; Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Ian C W Hardy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Miguel S, Ruiz-Benito P, Rebollo P, Viana-Soto A, Mihai MC, García-Martín A, Tanase M. Forest disturbance regimes and trends in continental Spain (1985-2023) using dense landsat time series. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119802. [PMID: 39147188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Forest disturbance regimes across biomes are being altered by interactive effects of global change. Establishing baselines for assessing change requires detailed quantitative data on past disturbance events, but such data are scarce and difficult to obtain over large spatial and temporal scales. The integration of remote sensing with dense time series analysis and cloud computing platforms is enhancing the ability to monitor historical disturbances, and especially non-stand replacing events along climatic gradients. Since the integration of such tools is still scarce in Mediterranean regions, here, we combine dense Landsat time series and the Continuous Change Detection and Classification - Spectral Mixture Analysis (CCDC-SMA) method to monitor forest disturbance in continental Spain from 1985 to 2023. We adapted the CCDC-SMA method for improved disturbance detection creating new spectral libraries representative of the study region, and quantified the year, month, severity, return interval, and type of disturbance (stand replacing, non-stand replacing) at a 30 m resolution. In addition, we characterised forest disturbance regimes and trends (patch size and severity, and frequency of events) of events larger than 0.5 ha at the national scale by biome (Mediterranean and temperate) and forest type (broadleaf, needleleaf and mixed). We quantified more than 2.9 million patches of disturbed forest, covering 4.6 Mha over the region and period studied. Forest disturbances were on average larger but less severe in the Mediterranean than in the temperate biome, and significantly larger and more severe in needleleaf than in mixed and broadleaf forests. Since the late 1980s, forest disturbances have decreased in size and severity while increasing in frequency across all biomes and forest types. These results have important implications as they confirm that disturbance regimes in continental Spain are changing and should therefore be considered in forest strategic planning for policy development and implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Miguel
- Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geography and Geology, Universidad de Alcalá, Colegios 2, Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Spain.
| | - P Ruiz-Benito
- Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geography and Geology, Universidad de Alcalá, Colegios 2, Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal (FORECO), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Rebollo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal (FORECO), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Viana-Soto
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Earth Observation for Ecosystem Management, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - M C Mihai
- Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geography and Geology, Universidad de Alcalá, Colegios 2, Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Spain
| | - A García-Martín
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, Academia General Militar, Ctra. de Huesca s/n, 50090, Zaragoza, Spain; Geoforest-IUCA, Department of Geography and Land Management, University of 6 Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Tanase
- Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geography and Geology, Universidad de Alcalá, Colegios 2, Alcalá de Henares, 28801, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Almeida LZ, Ludsin SA, Faust MD, Marschall EA. Lingering legacies: Past growth and parental experience influence somatic growth in a fish population. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 39138820 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Body size and growth rate can influence individual and population success by mediating fitness. Understanding the factors that influence growth can be difficult to disentangle, however, because growth can be shaped by environmental conditions recently experienced, as well as legacy effects from conditions experienced earlier in life and by parents (via parental effects). To improve understanding of growth among annual cohorts (1982-2015) of Lake Erie Walleye (Sander vitreus), a species with life-history and growth characteristics similar to many other long-lived, iteroparous fishes, we determined the role of the following hypothesised factors: (H1) recent environmental conditions; (H2) traits and experiences of the cohort, including growth, in the previous year; (H3) early-life cohort density; (H4) early-life body size; and (H5) parental composition and environment. We evaluated the relative importance of these hypothesised factors using piecewise structural equation modelling in an information-theoretic framework. Our results indicated that cohort-specific growth of Lake Erie Walleye was most strongly influenced by traits (growth) and experiences of the cohort during the previous year (H2) and parental composition and environment (H5). The observed negative relationship with growth during the previous year may indicate that Walleye exhibit compensatory growth. The relationships with parental sizes and environments may mean that parental contributions to offspring affects cohorts into adulthood, with serious implications for the effects of climate change. Warm winters appear to negatively influence offspring growth performance for many years. Legacy effects had a stronger influence on cohort growth than recent environmental conditions, providing new understanding of how somatic growth is regulated in Lake Erie's Walleye population. Specifically, the parental composition and environment appear important via epigenetic and/or egg-provisioning legacies, with carryover effects modifying growth among years. Ultimately, our findings demonstrate that understanding recent growth in animal populations similar to Lake Erie Walleye may require knowledge of past conditions, including those experienced by parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zoe Almeida
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stuart A Ludsin
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew D Faust
- Sandusky Fisheries Research Station, Division of Wildlife, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Sandusky, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Marschall
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Venverloo T, Duarte F. Towards real-time monitoring of insect species populations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18727. [PMID: 39134595 PMCID: PMC11319484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect biodiversity and abundance are in global decline, potentially leading to a crisis with profound ecological and economic consequences. Methods and technologies to monitor insect species to aid in preservation efforts are rapidly being developed yet their adoption has been slow and focused on specific use cases. We propose a computer vision model that works towards multi-objective insect species identification in real-time and on a large scale. We leverage an image data source with 16 million instances and a recent improvement in the YOLO computer vision architecture to present a quick and open-access method to develop visual AI models to monitor insect species across climatic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Titus Venverloo
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
- Senseable City Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Fábio Duarte
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Holt JD, Schultz D, Nadell CD. Dispersal of a dominant competitor can drive multispecies coexistence in biofilms. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)01017-0. [PMID: 39163856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite competition for both space and nutrients, bacterial species often coexist within structured, surface-attached communities termed biofilms. While these communities play important, widespread roles in ecosystems and are agents of human infection, understanding how multiple bacterial species assemble to form these communities and what physical processes underpin the composition of multispecies biofilms remains an active area of research. Using a model three-species community composed of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, we show with cellular-scale resolution that biased dispersal of the dominant community member, P. aeruginosa, prevents competitive exclusion from occurring, leading to the coexistence of the three species. A P. aeruginosa bqsS deletion mutant no longer undergoes periodic mass dispersal, leading to the local competitive exclusion of E. coli. Introducing periodic, asymmetric dispersal behavior into minimal models, parameterized by only maximal growth rate and local density, supports the intuition that biased dispersal of an otherwise dominant competitor can permit coexistence generally. Colonization experiments show that WT P. aeruginosa is superior at colonizing new areas, in comparison to ΔbqsS P. aeruginosa, but at the cost of decreased local competitive ability against E. coli and E. faecalis. Overall, our experiments document how one species' modulation of a competition-dispersal-colonization trade-off can go on to influence the stability of multispecies coexistence in spatially structured ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Holt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Carey D Nadell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
McCravy KW, Clem CS, Bailey JB, Elgar SA, Blaauw BR. Hover fly (Diptera: Syrphidae) diversity and seasonality in North Georgia apple and peach orchards. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 117:1572-1581. [PMID: 38779977 PMCID: PMC11318625 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Crop pollination and natural biological control provided by beneficial insects have an economic worth of hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Apple and peach production in North Georgia are economically important industries that benefit from these ecological services. Hover flies are dual ecosystem service providers that have been relatively understudied in orchard ecosystems. We investigated the diversity and seasonal activity of hover flies in apple and peach orchards at 2 sites in North Georgia from March to October 2020 and 2021. Bowl traps were used to sample hover flies in orchard edge and interior habitats. The aphidophagous species Toxomerus geminatus (Say) (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Toxomerus marginatus (Say) (Diptera: Syrphidae) comprised 86.6% of the total hover flies collected. Apple orchards yielded the greatest hover fly presence, species richness, and Toxomerus spp. abundance. Hover fly richness and diversity were greatest during postbloom, but Toxomerus spp. abundance was greatest during the bloom period. No differences in presence, richness, diversity, or Toxomerus spp. abundance were found between edge and interior habitats. Toxomerus geminatus and T. marginatus were dominant from March through August, with T. geminatus being more abundant than T. marginatus in March, early April, and August. October sampling produced the greatest hover fly richness. Our results suggest that hover flies are abundant in North Georgia orchards and exhibit substantial spatial and temporal variation in richness and diversity. Expanded studies incorporating additional sampling efforts and methods are needed to further characterize the hover fly fauna and their impact on North Georgia apple and peach orchards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W McCravy
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA
| | - C Scott Clem
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jordan B Bailey
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sabrina A Elgar
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brett R Blaauw
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ma B, Ge J, Zhao C, Xu W, Xu K, Xie Z. Plant economics spectrum governs leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption in subtropical transitional forests. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:764. [PMID: 39123124 PMCID: PMC11316423 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption is a fundamental adaptation strategy for plant nutrient conservation. However, the relative roles that environmental factors and plant functional traits play in regulating N and P resorption remain largely unclear, and little is known about the underlying mechanism of plant functional traits affecting nutrient resorption. Here, we measured leaf N and P resorption and 13 plant functional traits of leaf, petiole, and twig for 101 representative broad-leaved tree species in our target subtropical transitional forests. We integrated these multiple functional traits into the plant economics spectrum (PES). We further explored whether and how elevation-related environmental factors and these functional traits collectively control leaf N and P resorption. RESULTS We found that deciduous and evergreen trees exhibited highly diversified PES strategies, tending to be acquisitive and conservative, respectively. The effects of PES, rather than of environmental factors, dominated leaf N and P resorption patterns along the elevational gradient. Specifically, the photosynthesis and nutrient recourse utilization axis positively affected N and P resorption for both deciduous and evergreen trees, whereas the structural and functional investment axis positively affected leaf N and P resorption for evergreen species only. Specific leaf area and green leaf nutrient concentrations were the most influential traits driving leaf N and P resorption. CONCLUSIONS Our study simultaneously elucidated the relative contributions of environmental factors and plant functional traits to leaf N and P resorption by including more representative tree species than previous studies, expanding our understanding beyond the relatively well-studied tropical and temperate forests. We highlight that prioritizing the fundamental role of traits related to leaf resource capture and defense contributes to the monitoring and modeling of leaf nutrient resorption. Therefore, we need to integrate PES effects on leaf nutrient resorption into the current nutrient cycling model framework to better advance our general understanding of the consequences of shifting tree species composition for nutrient cycles across diverse forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jielin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Valdés-Florido A, Valcárcel V, Maguilla E, Díaz-Lifante Z, Andrés-Camacho C, Zeltner L, Coca-de-la-Iglesia M, Medina NG, Arroyo J, Escudero M. The interplay between climatic niche evolution, polyploidy and reproductive traits explains plant speciation in the Mediterranean Basin: a case study in Centaurium (Gentianaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1439985. [PMID: 39184574 PMCID: PMC11344271 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1439985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Speciation and diversification patterns in angiosperms are frequently shaped by niche evolution. Centaurium Hill is a Mediterranean genus with ca. 25 species, of which 60% are polyploids (tetra- and hexaploids), distributed mainly in the Mediterranean Basin and in areas with temperate and arid climates of Asia, Europe, North-Central Africa and North America. The evolutionary history of this genus has been studied using morphological, biogeographical and molecular approaches, but its climatic niche characterization and its relation with genome evolution (chromosome number and ploidy level) has not been addressed yet. Thus, this study aims to identify the role of the evolution of climatic niche, ploidy level, life cycle and floral traits in the diversification of Centaurium. Climatic niche characterization involved estimating present climate preferences using quantitative data and reconstructing ancestral niches to evaluate climatic niche shifts. The evolution of climatic niche towards selective optima determined by ploidy level (three ploidy levels) and different binary traits (polyploidy, floral size, floral display, herkogamy and life cycle) was addressed under the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model. Chromosome number evolution was inferred using the ChromoSSE model, testing if changes are clado- or anagenetic. Chromosome number evolution and its link with cladogenesis, life cycle and floral traits was modeled on the phylogeny. The reconstruction of the ancestral niches shows that Centaurium originated in a mild climate and diversified to both humid and cold as well as to dry and warmer climates. Niche conservatism was estimated in the climatic niche of the ancestors, while the climatic niche of the current taxa experienced transitions from their ancestors' niche. Besides, the evolution of climatic niche towards multiple selective optima determined by the studied traits was supported, life cycle optima receiving the highest support. The reconstruction of chromosome number transitions shows that the rate of speciation process resulting from chromosomal changes (chromosomal cladogenesis) is similar to that of non-chromosomal cladogenesis. Additionally, dependent evolution of floral size, floral display and herkogamy with chromosome number variation was supported. In conclusion, polyploidization is a crucial process in the Mediterranean region that assisted speciation and diversification into new areas with different climates, entailing niche shifts and evolution of reproductive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valdés-Florido
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Maguilla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Zoila Díaz-Lifante
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés-Camacho
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Louis Zeltner
- Laboratoire de Botanique Evolutive, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nagore G. Medina
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Marcial Escudero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ghosh S, Matthews B, Petchey OL. Temperature and biodiversity influence community stability differently in birds and fishes. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02493-7. [PMID: 39112662 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Determining the factors that affect community stability is crucial to understanding the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the face of global warming. We investigated how four temperature components (that is, median, variability, trend and extremes) affected diversity-synchrony-stability relationships for 1,246 bird and 580 fish communities from temperate regions. We hypothesized a stabilizing effect on the community if the variation in species' response to changing median temperature decreases overall community synchrony (hypothesis H1) and if temperature extremes reduce interspecific synchrony at extreme abundances due to variation in species' thermal tolerance limits (hypothesis H2). We found support for H1 in fish and for H2 in bird communities. Here we showed that the abiotic components (that is, the median, variability, trend and extremes of temperature) had more indirect effects on community stability, predominantly by affecting the biotic components (that is, diversity, synchrony). Considering various temperature components' direct as well as indirect impacts on stability for terrestrial versus aquatic communities will improve our mechanistic understanding of biodiversity change in response to global climatic stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamolina Ghosh
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Owen L Petchey
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cruz-Loya M, Mordecai EA, Savage VM. A flexible model for thermal performance curves. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.01.605695. [PMID: 39149255 PMCID: PMC11326125 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.01.605695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Temperature responses of many biological traits-including population growth, survival, and development-are described by thermal performance curves (TPCs) with phenomenological models like the Briere function or mechanistic models related to chemical kinetics. Existing TPC models are either simple but inflexible in shape, or flexible yet difficult to interpret in biological terms. Here we present flexTPC: a model that is parameterized exclusively in terms of biologically interpretable quantities, including the thermal minimum, optimum, and maximum, and the maximum trait value. FlexTPC can describe unimodal temperature responses of any skewness and thermal breadth, enabling direct comparisons across populations, traits, or taxa with a single model. We apply flexTPC to various microbial and entomological datasets, compare results with the Briere model, and find that flexTPC often has better predictive performance. The interpretability of flexTPC makes it ideal for modeling how thermal responses change with ecological stressors or evolve over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Van M Savage
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles
- Santa Fe Institute
| |
Collapse
|