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Jiang S, Deng X, Ma L, Wang H, Wang X, Feng L, Zhu F, Xue S, Mohammad A. Standardized framework for assessing soil quality at antimony smelting site by considering microbial-induced resilience and heavy metal contamination. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:306-320. [PMID: 39095167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Antimony smelting activities damage the soil and vegetation surroundings while generating economic value. However, no standardized methods are available to diagnose the extent of soil degradation at antimony smelting sites. This study developed a standardized framework for assessing soil quality by considering microbial-induced resilience and heavy metal contamination at Xikuangshan antimony smelting site. The soil resilience index (SRI) and soil contamination index (SCI) were calculated by Minimum Data Set and geo-accumulation model, respectively. After standardized by a multi-criteria quantitative procedure of modified Nemerow's pollution index (NPI), the integrated assessment of soil quality index (SQI), which is the minimum of SRINPI and SCINPI, was achieved. The results showed that Sb and As were the prominent metal(loid) pollutants, and significant correlations between SQI and SRI indicated that the poor soil quality was mainly caused by the low level of soil resilience. The primary limiting factors of SRI were Fungi in high and middle contaminated areas, and Skermanella in low contaminated area, suggesting that the weak soil resilience was caused by low specific microbial abundances. Microbial regulation and phytoremediation are greatly required to improve the soil quality at antimony smelting sites from the perspectives of pollution control and resilience improvement. This study improves our understanding of ecological effects of antimony smelting sites and provides a theoretical basis for ecological restoration and sustainable development of mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Jiang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liyuan Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF243AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF243AA, United Kingdom; Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Arif Mohammad
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF243AA, United Kingdom
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2
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Kessler A, Mueller MB. Induced resistance to herbivory and the intelligent plant. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2345985. [PMID: 38687704 PMCID: PMC11062368 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2345985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant induced responses to environmental stressors are increasingly studied in a behavioral ecology context. This is particularly true for plant induced responses to herbivory that mediate direct and indirect defenses, and tolerance. These seemingly adaptive alterations of plant defense phenotypes in the context of other environmental conditions have led to the discussion of such responses as intelligent behavior. Here we consider the concept of plant intelligence and some of its predictions for chemical information transfer in plant interaction with other organisms. Within this framework, the flow, perception, integration, and storage of environmental information are considered tunable dials that allow plants to respond adaptively to attacking herbivores while integrating past experiences and environmental cues that are predictive of future conditions. The predictive value of environmental information and the costs of acting on false information are important drivers of the evolution of plant responses to herbivory. We identify integrative priming of defense responses as a mechanism that allows plants to mitigate potential costs associated with acting on false information. The priming mechanisms provide short- and long-term memory that facilitates the integration of environmental cues without imposing significant costs. Finally, we discuss the ecological and evolutionary prediction of the plant intelligence hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Kessler
- Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael B. Mueller
- Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
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3
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Bonato B, Simonetti V, Guerra S, Castiello U. Artificial and biological supports are different for pea plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2355739. [PMID: 38837041 PMCID: PMC7616103 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2355739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies on the kinematics of pea plants' ascent and attach behavior have demonstrated that the signature of their movement varies depending on the kind of support. So far, these studies have been confined to artificial supports (e.g. wooden sticks). Little is known regarding the conditions under which pea plants could rely on biological supports (e.g. neighboring plants) for climbing toward the light. In this study, we capitalize on the 3D kinematic analysis of movement to ascertain whether pea plants scale their kinematics differently depending on whether they aim for artificial or biological support. Results suggest that biological support determines a smoother and more accurate behavior than that elicited by the artificial one. These results shed light on pea plants' ability to detect and classify the properties of objects and implement a movement plan attuned to the very nature of the support. We contend that such differences depend on the augmented multisensory experience elicited by the biological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bonato
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Guerra
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Umberto Castiello
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Cronin K, Hutton I, Burns K. Harsh environmental conditions promote cooperative behavior in an epiphytic fern. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2335453. [PMID: 38555490 PMCID: PMC10984116 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2335453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Harsh, unpredictable environments are known to favor cooperative groups in animals. Whether plants exhibit similar relationships is unknown. Staghorn ferns (Platycerium bifurcatum, Polypodiaceae) are epiphytes that form cooperative groups which build communal water and nutrient 'nests' at the tops of trees, a habitat characterized by water and nutrient stress. We conducted field observations to test whether staghorn ferns continue to live in large, reproductively active groups after they become dislodged from the canopy and fall to the forest floor, where they are less limited by water and nutrient deprivation. To rule out the potentially confounding effects of light limitation on the forest floor, we also conducted a multi-year glasshouse experiment where we transplanted individual plants into soil and onto vertically oriented boards under standardized light conditions. Results from field observations showed that dislodged colonies formed smaller groups that reproduced less than epiphytic colonies. Results from the glasshouse experiment showed that even when growing in full sun, terrestrial individuals tended to remain solitary, while epiphytic individuals tended to recruit new individuals into colonies. Results also showed that plants growing in potting soil and exposed to full sunlight sporulated more heavily than plants growing epiphytically. However, localities that are characterized by both elevated soil and light resources are generally not available to staghorn ferns in the wild, perhaps with the exception of large, epiphytic colonies with well-developed nests at the top of tree canopies. Overall results indicate that the harsh environmental conditions at the tops of trees trigger the formation of colonies in staghorn ferns, similarly to group living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahurangi Cronin
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hutton
- Lord Howe Island Museum, Lord Howe Island, Australia
| | - K.C. Burns
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Li H, Chen S, Wang M, Shi S, Zhao W, Xiong G, Zhou J, Qu J. Phosphate solubilization and plant growth properties are promoted by a lactic acid bacterium in calcareous soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:24. [PMID: 38159115 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
On the basis of good phosphate solubilization ability of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain Limosilactobacillus sp. LF-17, bacterial agent was prepared and applied to calcareous soil to solubilize phosphate and promote the growth of maize seedlings in this study. A pot experiment showed that the plant growth indicators, phosphorus content, and related enzyme activity of the maize rhizospheric soils in the LF treatment (treated with LAB) were the highest compared with those of the JP treatment (treated with phosphate solubilizing bacteria, PSB) and the blank control (CK). The types of organic acids in maize rhizospheric soil were determined through LC-MS, and 12 acids were detected in all the treatments. The abundant microbes belonged to the genera of Lysobacter, Massilia, Methylbacillus, Brevundimonas, and Limosilactobacillus, and they were beneficial to dissolving phosphate or secreting growth-promoting phytohormones, which were obviously higher in the LF and JP treatments than in CK as analyzed by high-throughput metagenomic sequencing methods. In addition, the abundance values of several enzymes, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthology, and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZys), which were related to substrate assimilation and metabolism, were the highest in the LF treatment. Therefore, aside from phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, LAB can be used as environmentally friendly crop growth promoters in agriculture and provide another viable option for microbial fertilizers. KEY POINTS: • The inoculation of LAB strain effectively promoted the growth and chlorophyll synthesis of maize seedlings. • The inoculation of LAB strain significantly increased the TP content of maize seedlings and the AP concentration of the rhizosphere soil. • The inoculation of LAB strain increased the abundances of the dominant beneficial functional microbes in the rhizosphere soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Siyuan Chen
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuoshuo Shi
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjian Zhao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guoyang Xiong
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianhang Qu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Yang Z, Cui X, Fan X, Ruan Y, Xiang Z, Ji L, Gao H, Zhang M, Shan S, Liu W. "Active carbon" is more advantageous to the bacterial community in the rice rhizosphere than "stable carbon". Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1288-1297. [PMID: 38560279 PMCID: PMC10978811 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon materials are commonly used for soil carbon sequestration and fertilization, which can also affect crop growth by manipulating the rhizosphere bacterial community. However, the comparison of the differences between active carbon (e.g., organic fertilizers) and stable carbon (e.g., biochar) on rhizosphere microdomains is still unclear. Hence, a trial was implemented to explore the influence of control (CK, no fertilizer; NPK, chemical fertilizer), organic fertilizer (CF-O, organic fertilizer; CF-BO, biochar-based organic fertilizer) and biochar material (CF-B, perishable garbage biochar; CF-PMB, pig manure biochar) on the diversity, composition, and interaction of rice rhizosphere bacterial community through 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Our results demonstrate that organic fertilizer increases bacterial alpha-diversity compared to no-carbon supply treatment to the extend, whereas biochar has the opposite effect. The rhizosphere bacterial community composition showed pronounced variations among the various fertilization treatments. The relative abundance in Firmicutes decreased with organic fertilizer application, whereas that in Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria decreased with biochar application. Bacterial network analysis demonstrate that organic fertilizer enhances the complexity and key taxa of bacterial interactions, while biochar exhibits an opposing trend. The findings of our study indicate that organic fertilizer may contribute to a positive and advantageous impact on bacterial diversity and interaction in rice rhizosphere, whereas the influence of biochar is not as favorable and constructive. This study lays the foundation for elucidating the fate of the rhizosphere bacterial community following different carbon material inputs in the context of sustainable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoge Fan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yefeng Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhennan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Ji
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Han Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Liu Z, Guo Z, Zhou J, Guo X, Chen Y. Biotic interactions and environmental modifications determine symbiotic microbial diversity and stability. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2717-2726. [PMID: 39040687 PMCID: PMC11260581 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Taking amphibians as island models, we examined the effects of interspecific interaction on the diversity and stability of microbial ecological. As skin area increased, the diversity and stability of skin microbes decreased, but the strength of negative interactions increased significantly. In contrast, as gut area increased, the diversity and stability of gut microbes increased, but the strength of interactions remained constant. These results indicate that microbial interactions are affected by habitat properties. When living in fluctuating environments without strong filtering, microorganisms can enhance their negative interactions with other taxa by changing the pH of their surroundings. In contrast, the pH of the gut is relatively stable, and colonized microorganisms cannot alter the gut pH and inhibit other colonizers. This study demonstrates that in the field of microbiology, diversity and stability are predominantly influenced by the intensity of interspecies interactions. The findings in this study deepen our understanding of microbial diversity and stability and provide a mechanistic link between species interactions, biodiversity, and stability in microbial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeguang Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuecheng Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Youhua Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Quan J, Song S, Xing L, Liu X, Yue M. DNA methylation variation and growth in the clonal Duchesnea indica is regulated by both past and present lead environments. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2305078. [PMID: 38245907 PMCID: PMC10802196 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2305078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that clonal plants' ability to select habitats and forage in a heterogeneous environment is influenced by their past environment, with stress legacy potentially playing a crucial role. In this study, we examined parental ramets of Duchesnea indica Focke that were subject to either a control or lead-contaminated environment (past environment), and their newborn offspring were then transplanted into control, homogeneous lead or heterogeneous lead environment (present environment). We analysed how past and present environments affect plant growth and DNA methylation in offspring. The result shown that the DNA methylation loci composition of offspring was affected by the interaction of parental environment and offspring environment, and DNA methylation levels were higher in heterogeneous environments. Moreover, our findings indicate that offspring would thrive in the heterogeneous lead environment if they did not experience lead pollution in the past, their progeny will avoid lead toxicity by reducing underground biomass allocation. However, when the parents experienced lead stress environment, their biomass allocation strategies disappeared, and they prefer to grow in favourable patches to avoid lead-contaminated patches. We concluded that the integration of historical parental exposure to lead-contaminated and current information about their offspring's environment are impacting plant phenotypes. It is possible that the stress legacy from the parents has been transmitted to their offspring ramets, and the stress legacy is at least partly based on heritable epigenetic variation. The phenotypic variation regulated by the stress legacy affects the growth performance, biomass allocation strategy, and even the behaviour of D. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Quan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Linya Xing
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
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Chen M, Yang J, Xue C, Tu T, Su Z, Feng H, Shi M, Zeng G, Zhang D, Qian X. Community composition of phytopathogenic fungi significantly influences ectomycorrhizal fungal communities during subtropical forest succession. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:99. [PMID: 38204135 PMCID: PMC10781812 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) can form symbiotic relationships with plants, aiding in plant growth by providing access to nutrients and defense against phytopathogenic fungi. In this context, factors such as plant assemblages and soil properties can impact the interaction between EMF and phytopathogenic fungi in forest soil. However, there is little understanding of how these fungal interactions evolve as forests move through succession stages. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate fungal communities in young, intermediate, and old subtropical forests. At the genus level, EMF communities were dominated by Sebacina, Russula, and Lactarius, while Mycena was the most abundant genus in pathogenic fungal communities. The relative abundances of EMF and phytopathogenic fungi in different stages showed no significant difference with the regulation of different factors. We discovered that interactions between phytopathogenic fungi and EMF maintained a dynamic balance under the influence of the differences in soil quality attributed to each forest successional stage. The community composition of phytopathogenic fungi is one of the strong drivers in shaping EMF communities over successions. In addition, the EMF diversity was significantly related to plant diversity, and these relationships varied among successional stages. Despite the regulation of various factors, the positive relationship between the diversity of phytopathogenic fungi and EMF remained unchanged. However, there is no significant difference in the ratio of the abundance of EMF and phytopathogenic fungi over the course of successions. These results will advance our understanding of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning during forest succession. KEY POINTS: •Community composition of both EMF and phytopathogenic fungi changed significantly over forest succession. •Phytopathogenic fungi is a key driver in shaping EMF community. •The effect of plant Shannon's diversity on EMF communities changed during the forest aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhi Yang
- Guangdong Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunquan Xue
- Guangdong Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tieyao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyao Su
- South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhua Feng
- Guangdong Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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10
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Reijers VC, van Rees F, van der Heide T, Oost AP, Ruessink G, Koffijberg K, Camphuysen KCJ, Penning E, Hijner N, Govers LL. Birds influence vegetation coverage and structure on sandy biogeomorphic islands in the Dutch Wadden Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175254. [PMID: 39111441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Small uninhabited islands form important roosting and breeding habitats for many coastal birds. Previous studies have demonstrated that guano can promote ecosystem productivity and functionality on island ecosystems. Here, we assess the role of external nutrient input by coastal birds on the vegetation structure and coverage on sandy biogeomorphic islands, where island-forming processes depend on vegetation-sedimentation feedbacks. As a first step, we investigated whether breeding birds affect vegetation productivity on sandy back-barrier islands in the Wadden Sea. Using a combination of bird observations and plant stable isotope (δ15N) analyses, we demonstrate that (i) breeding birds transport large quantities of nutrients via their faecal outputs to these islands annually and that (ii) this external nitrogen source influences vegetation development on these sandy, nutrient-limited, islands. Based on these results we discuss how this avian nutrient pump could impact island development and habitat suitability for coastal birds and discuss future directions for research. In general, we conclude that avian subsidies have the potential to affect both the ecological and biogeomorphic functioning of coastal soft-sediment systems. However, the strength and scale of especially these biogeomorphic interactions are not fully understood. For the conservation of both threatened coastal birds and sandy back-barrier islands and the design of appropriate management strategies, we argue that three-way interactions between birds, vegetation and sandy island morphodynamics need to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie C Reijers
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Floris van Rees
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert P Oost
- Staatsbosbeheer, P.O. Box 2, 3800 AA Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ruessink
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Koffijberg
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, PO Box 6521, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kees C J Camphuysen
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands
| | - Emma Penning
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science & Engineering and Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Zaailand 110, 8911 BN Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Hijner
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura L Govers
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Haubrock PJ. Site characteristics determine the prevalence of extreme weather events affecting freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175436. [PMID: 39128525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of extreme weather events on freshwater ecosystems is imperative during a time when a multitude of challenges compromises these environments' health. Exploring how such events affect macroinvertebrate communities in rivers sheds light on the resilience of freshwater ecosystems, which is essential for human well-being and biodiversity conservation. In this study, long-term time series of benthic macroinvertebrate communities from four sites along three freshwater streams within the Rhine-Main-Observatory Long-Term Ecological Research site in Germany were analyzed. Each of them was sampled annually over a span of ~20 years to assess the impacts of extreme weather events (floods, droughts, and extreme heat) on macroinvertebrate communities. The findings reveal that the effects of extreme events are site-specific, suggesting that the impacts of an extreme event can vary based on several potential factors, including the life history traits of the organisms within the community and, among others, the hydrography of the site. Moreover, the analysis highlights that the cumulative impact of these events over time is more significant than the impact of a single event's magnitude, while following distinct temporal dynamics. This underscores the importance of considering both the temporal dynamics and the biological characteristics of communities when evaluating the consequences of extreme weather events on biodiversity, illustrating that the resilience of freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity under such conditions depends on a complex interplay of factors rather than the severity of individual events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Haubrock
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany; Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic; CAMB, Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait
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Yuan C, Gao J, Huang L, Jian S. Chromolaena odorata affects soil nitrogen transformations and competition in tropical coral islands by altering soil ammonia oxidizing microbes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175196. [PMID: 39097027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Invasive plants can change the community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing microbes, affect the process of soil nitrogen (N) transformation, and gain a competitive advantage. However, the current researches on competition mechanism of Chromolaena odorata have not involved soil nitrogen transformation. In this study, we compared the microbially mediated soil transformations of invasive C. odorata and natives (Pisonia grandis and Scaevola taccada) of tropical coral islands. We assessed how differences in plant biomass and tissue N contents, soil nutrients, N transformation rates, microbial biomass and activity, and diversity and abundance of ammonia oxidizing microbes associated with these species impact their competitiveness. The results showed that C. odorata outcompeted both native species by allocating more proportionally biomass to aboveground parts in response to interspecific competition (12.92 % and 22.72 % more than P. grandis and S. taccada, respectively). Additionally, when C. odorata was planted with native plants, the available N and net mineralization rates in C. odorata rhizosphere soil were higher than in native plants rhizosphere soils. Higher abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in C. odorata rhizosphere soil confirmed this, being positively correlated with soil N mineralization rates and available N. Our findings help to understand the soil N acquisition and competition strategies of C. odorata, and contribute to improving evaluations and predictions of invasive plant dynamics and their ecological effects in tropical coral islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Yuan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luping Huang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Zhang Y, Resch MC, Schütz M, Liao Z, Frey B, Risch AC. Strengthened plant-microorganism interaction after topsoil removal cause more deterministic microbial assembly processes and increased soil nitrogen mineralization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175031. [PMID: 39069191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Topsoil removal, among other restoration measures, has been recognized as one of the most successful methods to restore biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in European grasslands. However, knowledge about how removal as well as other restoration methods influence interactions between plant and microbial communities is very limited. The aims of the current study were to understand the impact of topsoil removal on plant-microorganism interactions and on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization, as one example of ecosystem functioning. We examined how three different grassland restoration methods, namely 'Harvest only', 'Topsoil removal' and 'Topsoil removal + Propagules (plant seed addition)', affected i) the interactions between plants and soil microorganisms, ii) soil microbial community assembly processes, and iii) soil N mineralization. We compared the outcome of these three restoration methods to initial degraded and target semi-natural grasslands in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland. We were able to show that 'Topsoil removal' and 'Topsoil removal + Propagules', but not 'Harvest only', reduced the soil total N pool and available N concentration, but increased soil N mineralization and strengthened the plant-microorganism interactions. Microbial community assembly processes shifted towards more deterministic after both topsoil removal treatments. These shifts could be attributed to an increase in dispersal limitation and selection due to stronger interactions between plants and soil microorganisms. The negative relationship between soil N mineralization and microbial community stochasticity indicated that microbial assembly processes, to some extent, can be incorporated into model predictions of soil functions. Overall, the results suggest that topsoil removal may change the microbial assembly processes and thus the functioning of grassland ecosystems by enhancing the interaction between plants and soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Carol Resch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ziyan Liao
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Beat Frey
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Anita Christina Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Caleca F, Confuorto P, Raspini F, Segoni S, Tofani V, Casagli N, Moretti S. Shifting from traditional landslide occurrence modeling to scenario estimation with a "glass-box" machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175277. [PMID: 39122027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Extreme rainfall events represent one of the main triggers of landslides. As climate change continues to reshape global weather patterns, the frequency and intensity of such events are increasing, amplifying landslide occurrences and associated threats to communities. In this contribution, we analyze relationships between landslide occurrence and extreme rainfall events by using a "glass-box" machine learning model, namely Explainable Boosting Machine. What sets these models as a "glass-box" technique is their exact intelligibility, offering transparent explanations for their predictions. We leverage these capabilities to model the landslide occurrence induced by an extreme rainfall event in the form of spatial probability (i.e., susceptibility). In doing so, we use the heavy rainfall event in the Misa River Basin (Central Italy) on September 15, 2022. Notably, we introduce a rainfall anomaly among our set of predictors to express the intensity of the event compared to past rainfall patterns. Spatial variable selection and model evaluation through random and spatial routines are incorporated into our protocol. Our findings highlight the critical role of the rainfall anomaly as the most important variable in modeling landslide susceptibility. Furthermore, we leverage the dynamic nature of such a variable to estimate landslide occurrence under different rainfall scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caleca
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Federico Raspini
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Samuele Segoni
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Veronica Tofani
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Casagli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Borgo Grotta Gigante, Sgonico, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sandro Moretti
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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15
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Nong X, Lai C, Chen L, Wei J. A novel coupling interpretable machine learning framework for water quality prediction and environmental effect understanding in different flow discharge regulations of hydro-projects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175281. [PMID: 39117235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning models (MLMs) have been increasingly used to forecast water pollution. However, the "black box" characteristic for understanding mechanism processes still limits the applicability of MLMs for water quality management in hydro-projects under complex and frequently artificial regulation. This study proposes an interpretable machine learning framework for water quality prediction coupled with a hydrodynamic (flow discharge) scenario-based Random Forest (RF) model with multiple model-agnostic techniques and quantifies global, local, and joint interpretations (i.e., partial dependence, individual conditional expectation, and accumulated local effects) of environmental factor implications. The framework was applied and verified to predict the permanganate index (CODMn) under different flow discharge regulation scenarios in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China (MRSNWDPC). A total of 4664 sampling cases data matrices, including water quality, meteorological, and hydrological indicators from eight national stations along the main canal of the MRSNWDPC, were collected from May 2019 to December 2020. The results showed that the RF models were effective in forecasting CODMn in all flow discharge scenarios, with a mean square error, coefficient of determination, and mean absolute error of 0.006-0.026, 0.481-0.792, and 0.069-0.104, respectively, in the testing dataset. A global interpretation indicated that dissolved oxygen, flow discharge, and surface pressure are the three most important variables of CODMn. Local and joint interpretations indicated that the RF-based prediction model provides a basic understanding of the physical mechanisms of environmental systems. The proposed framework can effectively learn the fundamental environmental implications of water quality variations and provide reliable prediction performance, highlighting the importance of model interpretability for trustworthy machine learning applications in water management projects. This study provides scientific references for applying advanced data-driven MLMs to water quality forecasting and a reliable methodological framework for water quality management and similar hydro-projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhi Nong
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Centre for Urban Sustainability and Resilience, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
| | - Cheng Lai
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Jiahua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Wu K, Wang Y, Liu Z, Huo W, Cao J, Zhao G, Zhang FG. Prediction of potential invasion of two weeds of the genus Avena in Asia under climate change based on Maxent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175192. [PMID: 39111452 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Avena sterilis L. (A. sterilis) and Avena ludoviciana Dur. (A. ludoviciana) are extremely invasive weeds with strong competitive ability and multiple transmission routes. Both species can invade a variety of dryland crops, including wheat, corn, and beans. Asia, as the world's major food-producing continent, will experience significant losses to agricultural production if it is invaded by these weeds on a large scale. This study used the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS to map the distribution of suitable habitats of the two species in Asia under climate change conditions. The constructed model comprised four levels, with a total of 25 index-level indicator factors used to evaluate the invasion risk of the two species. The results showed that the distribution of suitable habitats for both Avena species was highly dependent on precipitation and temperature. Under climate warming conditions, although overall the total suitable area is predicted to decrease compared to the current period, there are still moderately or highly suitable areas. Asian countries need to provide early warning for areas with significant increases in moderate and highly suitable zones for these two species of weeds under the background of climate change. If there is already an invaded area or if the suitability of the original area is increased, this should be closely monitored, and control measures should be taken to prevent further spread and deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Wu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial application technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial application technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhusong Liu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial application technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wentao Huo
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial application technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaying Cao
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial application technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial application technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Fen-Guo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial application technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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17
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Deng F, Xie H, Zheng T, Yang Y, Bao X, He H, Zhang X, Liang C. Dynamic responses of soil microbial communities to seasonal freeze-thaw cycles in a temperate agroecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175228. [PMID: 39102954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) are common in temperate agricultural ecosystems during the non-growing season and are progressively influenced by climate change. The impact of these cycles on soil microbial communities, crucial for ecosystem functioning, varies under different agricultural management practices. Here, we investigated the dynamic changes in soil microbial communities in a Mollisol during seasonal FTCs and examined the effects of stover mulching and nitrogen fertilization. We revealed distinct responses between bacterial and fungal communities. The dominant bacterial phyla reacted differently to FTCs: for example, Proteobacteria responded opportunistically, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Choroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes responded sensitively, and Saccharibacteria exhibited a tolerance response. In contrast, the fungal community composition remained relatively stable during FTCs, except for a decline in Glomeromycota. Certain bacterial OTUs acted as sensitive indicators of FTCs, forming keystone modules in the network that are closely linked to soil carbon, nitrogen content and potential functions. Additionally, neither stover mulching nor nitrogen fertilization significantly influenced microbial richness, diversity and potential functions. However, over time, more indicator species specific to these agricultural practices began to emerge within the networks and gradually occupied the central positions. Furthermore, our findings suggest that farming practices, by introducing keystone microbes and changing interspecies interactions (even without changing microbial richness and diversity), can enhance microbial community stability against FTC disturbances. Specifically, higher nitrogen input with stover removal promotes fungal stability during soil freezing, while lower nitrogen levels increase bacterial stability during soil thawing. Considering the fungal tolerance to FTCs, we recommend reducing nitrogen input for manipulating bacterial interactions, thereby enhancing overall microbial resilience to seasonal FTCs. In summary, our research reveals that microbial responses to seasonal FTCs are reshaped through land management to support ecosystem functions under environmental stress amid climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbo Deng
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongtu Xie
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tiantian Zheng
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuelian Bao
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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18
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Zhou M, Liu Z, Zhang B, Hu B. Defense systems of soil microorganisms in response to compound contamination by arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175364. [PMID: 39117226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic and PAHs impose environmental stress on soil microorganisms, yet their compound effects remain poorly understood. While soil microorganisms possess the ability to metabolize As and PAHs, the mechanisms of microbial response are not fully elucidated. In our study, we established two simulated soil systems using soil collected from Xixi Wetland Park grassland, Hangzhou, China. The As-600 Group was contaminated with 600 mg/kg sodium arsenite, while the As-600-PAHs-30 Group received both 600 mg/kg sodium arsenite and 30 mg/kg PAHs (phenanthrene:fluoranthene:benzo[a]pyrene = 1:1:1). These systems were operated continuously for 270 days, and microbial responses were assessed using high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis. Our findings revealed that compound contamination significantly promoted the abundance of microbial defense-related genes, with general defense genes increasing by 11.07 % ∼ 74.23 % and specific defense genes increasing by 44.13 % ∼ 55.74 %. The dominate species Rhodococcus adopts these general and specific defense mechanisms to resist compound pollution stress and gain ecological niche advantages, making it a candidate strain for soil remediation. Our study contributes to the assessment of ecological damage caused by As and PAHs from a microbial perspective and provides valuable insights for soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zishu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Baofeng Zhang
- Hangzhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310007, China.
| | - Baolan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Yan C, Li Y, Mo F, Han J. Microbial life-history strategies and particulate organic carbon mediate formation of microbial necromass carbon and stabilization in response to biochar addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175041. [PMID: 39079640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) contributes significantly to the formation of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the microbial carbon sequestration effect of biochar is often underestimated and influenced by nutrient availability. The mechanisms associated with the formation and stabilization of MNC remain unclear, especially under the combined application of biochar and nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Thus, in a long-term field experiment (11 years) based on biochar application, we utilized bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fungal ITS amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, and microbial biomarkers to examine the interactions between MNC accumulation and microbial metabolic strategies under combined treatment with biochar and N fertilizer. We aimed to identify the critical microbial modules and species involved, and to analyze the sites where MNC was immobilized from various components. Biochar application increased the MNC content by 13.9 %. Among the MNC components, fungal necromass contributed more to MNC, but bacteria were more readily enriched after biochar application. The microbial life-history strategies that affected MNC formation under the application of various amounts biochar were linked to the N application level. Under N added at 226.5 kg ha-1, communities such as Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes with high-growth yield strategies were prevalent and contributed to MNC production. By contrast, under N added at 113.25 kg ha-1 with high biochar application, Proteobacteria with strong resource acquisition strategies were dominant and MNC accumulation was lower. The mineral-associated organic carbon pool was rapidly saturated with the addition of biochar, so the contribution of fungal necromass carbon may have been reduced by reutilization, thereby resulting in the more rapid preservation of bacterial necromass carbon in the particulate organic carbon pool. Overall, our findings indicate that microbial life history traits are crucial for linking microbial metabolic processes to the accumulation and stabilization of MNC, thereby highlighting the their importance for SOC accumulation in farmland soils, and the need to tailor appropriate biochar and N fertilizer application strategies for agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chun Yan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yuze Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Fei Mo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Juan Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Yan Y, Twible LE, Liu FYL, Arrey JLS, Colenbrander Nelson TE, Warren LA. Cascading sulfur cycling in simulated oil sands pit lake water cap mesocosms transitioning from oxic to euxinic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175272. [PMID: 39111438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Base Mine Lake (BML), the first full-scale demonstration of oil sands tailings pit lake reclamation technology, is experiencing expansive, episodic hypolimnetic euxinia resulting in greater sulfur biogeochemical cycling within the water cap. Here, Fluid Fine Tailings (FFT)-water mesocosm experiments simulating the in situ BML summer hypolimnetic oxic-euxinic transition determined sulfur biogeochemical processes and their controlling factors. While mesocosm water caps without FFT amendments experienced limited geochemical and microbial changes during the experimental period, FFT-amended mesocosm water caps evidenced three successive stages of S speciation in ∼30 days: (S1) rising expansion of water cap euxinia from FFT to water surface; enabling (S2) rapid sulfate (SO42-) reduction and sulfide production directly within the water column; fostering (S3) generation and subsequent consumption of sulfur oxidation intermediate compounds (SOI). Identified key SOI, elemental S and thiosulfate, support subsequent SOI oxidation, reduction, and/or disproportionation processes in the system. Dominant water cap microbes shifted from methanotrophs and denitrifying/iron-reducing bacteria to functionally versatile sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB) comprising sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrionales) and SOI-reducing/disproportionating bacteria (Campylobacterales and Desulfobulbales). The observed microbial shift is driven by decreasing [SO42-] and organic aromaticity, with putative hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria providing electron donors for SRB. Comparison between unsterile and sterile water treatments further underscores the biogeochemical readiness of the in situ water cap to enhance oxidant depletion, euxinia expansion and establishment of water cap SRB communities aided by FFT migration of anaerobes. Results here identify the collective influence of FFT and water cap microbial communities on water cap euxinia expansion associated with sequential S reactions that are controlled by concentrations of oxidants, labile organic substrates and S species. This emphasizes the necessity of understanding this complex S cycling in assessing BML water cap O2 persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Yan
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Lauren E Twible
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Felicia Y L Liu
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - James L S Arrey
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Tara E Colenbrander Nelson
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Lesley A Warren
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada.
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Qu Q, Wang S, Hu X, Mu L. The impact of anthropogenic pressures on microbial diversity and river multifunctionality relationships on a global scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175293. [PMID: 39111414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Conserving biodiversity is crucial for maintaining essential ecosystem functions, as indicated by the positive relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, the impacts of declining biodiversity on ecosystem functions in response to mounting human pressures remain uncertain. This uncertainty arises from the complexity of trade-offs among human activities, climate change, river properties, and biodiversity, which have not been comprehensively addressed collectively. Here, we provide evidence that river biodiversity was significantly and positively associated with multifunctionality and contributed to key ecosystem functions such as microbially driven water purification, leaf litter decomposition and pathogen control. However, human pressure led to abrupt changes in microbial diversity and river multifunctionality relationships at a human pressure value of 0.5. In approximately 30 % (N = 58) of countries globally, the ratio of area above this threshold exceeded the global average (∼11 %), especially in Europe. Results show that human pressure affected ecosystem functions through direct effects and interactive effects. We provide more direct evidence that the nonadditive effects triggered by prevailing human pressure impact the multifunctionality of rivers globally. Under high levels of human stress, the beneficial effects of biodiversity on nutrient cycling, carbon storage, gross primary productivity, leaf litter decomposition, and pathogen control tend to diminish. Our findings highlight that considering interactions between human pressure and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of river ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Product Safety, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Controlling Agro-Product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 300191 Tianjin, China.
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22
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Xie L, Palmroth S, Yin C, Oren R. Extramatrical mycelial biomass is mediated by fine root mass and ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition across tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175175. [PMID: 39111434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In many ecosystems, a large fraction of gross primary production is invested in mycorrhiza. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mycelium is involved in regulating soil carbon and nutrient cycling. However, little is known about how mycelial biomass, production and turnover differ depending on ECM fungal community composition and associated tree species. We quantified fine root biomass and length using soil cores, and mycelial traits (biomass, production, and turnover) using mesh-bags and ergosterol analysis, and identified ECM exploration types by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of four ECM-dominated tree species (Picea asperata, Larix gmelinii, Quercus aquifolioides and Betula albosinensis) in subalpine forest. The ECM fungal community composition separated between needle-leaved and broadleaved species, and between evergreen and deciduous species. The ratio of mycelial to fine root biomass was similar across the species regardless of genus-scale community composition and the relative abundance of exploration types. Compared to the other species, Q. aquifolioides displayed higher fine root biomass and mycelial biomass and production, dominated by contact-short exploration type. Mycelial turnover rate tended to be lowest in P. asperata, dominated by medium-long exploration type. Much higher production of mycelium and only slightly higher turnover rate in Q. aquifolioides suggests that its steady-state mycelial biomass would be higher than of the other species. Moreover, compared to the two deciduous species, with similar production but somewhat lower turnover rate, the standing crop of mycelium in P. asperata may stabilize at a higher value. Our findings, that exploration type may affect production and turnover, highlight the importance of characterizing ECM fungal communities by exploration types when estimating the contribution of mycelium biomass to forest carbon sink and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Sari Palmroth
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunying Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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23
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Fedyń I, Sobociński W, Czyżowicz S, Wyka J, Ciach M. Ecosystem engineers cause biodiversity spill-over: Beavers are associated with breeding bird assemblages on both wetlands and adjacent terrestrial habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175166. [PMID: 39094639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The influence of ecosystem engineers on habitats and communities is commonly acknowledged in a site-bounded context, i.e. in places directly affected by the presence of the focal species. However, the spatial extent of the effects of such engineering is poorly understood, raising the question as to what impact they have on ecosystems situated beyond the species' direct influence. Beavers Castor spp., iconic ecosystem engineers, are capable of significantly transforming aquatic ecosystems. Their presence boosts biodiversity in adjacent aquatic and riparian habitats, but as a result of cascading processes, beavers may affect terrestrial habitats situated beyond the range of their immediate activity. Our study investigates the breeding bird assemblage along a spatial gradient from the water to the forest interior on central European watercourses modified and unmodified by beavers. The results show that beaver sites are characterized by a higher species richness and abundance of breeding birds than unmodified watercourses. Such sites also host a different species pool, as 27 % of the recorded bird species occurred exclusively on the beaver sites. The effect of the beaver's presence on the bird assemblage extended to adjacent terrestrial habitats located up to 100 m from the water's edge, where the species richness and abundance was higher and the species composition was substantially modified. We also found a positive correlation between the total area of beaver wetland and the numbers of bird species and individuals recorded. Our study adds to the general understanding of the spatial context of the ecosystem engineering concept, as the changes brought about by engineers have an influence beyond the area of their immediate occurrence. Our work also has implications for landscape planning and management, where existing beaver sites with terrestrial buffer zones may constitute a network of biodiversity hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fedyń
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sobociński
- Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, ul. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Czyżowicz
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Wyka
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Ciach
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland.
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24
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Su J, Ma Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Hu Y. Cumulative effects of experimental nitrogen deposition on soil chemistry in a desert steppe: A 12-year field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175388. [PMID: 39122050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Although the effects of human-enhanced atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are well documented, the response of dryland soils to N deposition remains unclear owing to the divergence in hydrological outputs and soil heterogeneity. We selected a typical desert steppe in western China to simulate the effects of long-term N deposition by applying 0 (CK), 3.5, 7, and 14 g N m-2 yr-1 for 12 consecutive years. We found that, compared with the CK plots, the total N content of the upper (0-10 cm) and lower (10-20 cm) soil layers in fertilized plots increased by 8.3-14.6 % and 2.4-8.2 %, respectively. Correspondingly, the available, NH4+-, and NO3--N contents in the upper soil significantly increased by 25.5-68.3 %. However, in the lower soil, available and NO3--N contents were significantly lower than those in the CK plots, and their variation trend was opposite to that of NH4+-N, implying N turnover and leaching. As a result, the upper and lower soil pH in fertilized plots significantly decreased by 0.36-0.53 and 0.31-0.37 units; however, their CaCO3 content significantly increased by 9.8-22.8 % and 7.2-30.3 %, respectively. The total phosphorus (P) content in the upper and lower soil layers in fertilized plots significantly increased and decreased by 3.6-51.3 % and 16.7-62.5 %, respectively, however, both significantly decreased along the N fertilization gradient. Furthermore, the upper and lower soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the fertilized plots significantly increased by 57.7-78.1 % and 19.2-27.4 %, respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that available soil P was significantly negatively correlated with plant shoot Mn content (a proxy for rhizosphere carboxylates), whereas dissolved OC, SOC, and CaCO3 were significantly positively correlated, suggesting that Ca cycling is involved in P cycling and SOC sequestration. Our study suggests that long-term N input exacerbates P limitation in desert steppes, however, enhances SOC sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands and Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yinzhu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands and Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands and Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yahu Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems and Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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25
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Chen YP, Wang KB, Fu BJ, Wang YF, Tian HW, Wang Y, Zhang Y. 65% cover is the sustainable vegetation threshold on the Loess Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100442. [PMID: 39044783 PMCID: PMC11261401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Global temperatures will continue to increase in the future. The ∼640,000-km2 Loess Plateau (LP) is a typical arid and semi-arid region in China. Similar regions cover ∼41% of the Earth, and its soils are some of the most severely eroded anywhere in the world. It is very important to understand the vegetation change and its ecological threshold under climate change on the LP for the sustainable development in the Yellow River Basin. However, little is known about how vegetation on the LP will respond to climate change and what is the sustainable threshold level of vegetation cover on the LP. Here we show that the temperature on the LP has risen 0.27 °C per decade over the past 50 years, a rate that is 30% higher than the average warming rate across China. During historical times, vegetation change was regulated by environmental factors and anthropogenic activities. Vegetation coverage was about 53% on the LP from the Xia Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period. Over the past 70 years, however, the environment has gradually improved and the vegetation cover had increased to ∼65% by 2021. We forecast future changes of vegetation cover on the LP in 2030s, in 2050s and in 2070s using SDM (Species Distribution Model) under Low-emission scenarios, Medium-emission scenarios and High-emission scenarios. An average value of vegetation cover under the three emission scenarios will be 64.67%, 62.70% and 61.47%, respectively. According to the historical record and SDM forecasts, the threshold level of vegetation cover on the LP is estimated to be 53-65%. Currently, vegetation cover on the LP has increased to the upper limit of the threshold value (∼65%). We conclude that the risk of ecosystem collapse on the LP will increase with further temperature increases once the vegetated area and density exceed the threshold value. It is urgent to adopt sustainable strategies such as stopping expanding vegetation area and scientifically optimizing the vegetation structure on the LP to improve the ecological sustainability of the Yellow River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 700061, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 700061, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo-jie Fu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-fen Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Han-wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 700061, Xi'an, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 700061, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 700061, Xi'an, China
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26
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Guzmán GI, Aguilera E, Carranza-Gallego G, Alonso AM, Pontijas B. Joint analysis of land, carbon and nitrogen reveals diverging trends in the sustainability of organic crops in Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174859. [PMID: 39053548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The world's top ten Organic Farming (OF) countries by converted area include several Mediterranean countries, including Spain. Despite this, little is known about the consequences of OF on crop production and environmental sustainability in this country. In this article, we conduct an agronomic analysis of Spanish considerable conversion rate to OF, which tends to concentrate in certain provinces and crops. Indeed, in the case of various crops and in several provinces, the organic share of total agricultural land exceeds 20-30 %. This concentration makes it possible to compare information obtained from farmers through interviews and provincial statistical information. The study data consisted of information collected from interviews of a representative sample of organic farmers conducted in 2004 and 2020 as well as official statistical information. The results showed that no yield gap between OF and conventional farming was found for vegetables and fruit trees, while it showed an increasing trend in arable crops. Presumably, the reason is that fruit trees and vegetables generate and incorporate high levels of carbon (C) flows into the soil and have a low land cost per unit of incorporated nitrogen (N) (or can be paid for), allowing to meet crop needs and to increase soil organic matter (SOM). Conversely, in the case of rainfed arable crops, the soil C and N inputs are deficient due to the low crop residues and the high land cost of N. Consequently, SOM destruction and N deficit progressively broaden the yield gap, undermining the agroecosystem sustainability. To reverse the situation, among other measures, it is necessary to implement agricultural policies designed to make rotations with high legume ratios viable and to plant varieties presenting higher production of residues and roots, such as traditional varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria I Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Historia de los Agroecosistemas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; ALIMENTTA, Think tank for the food transition, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Aguilera
- ALIMENTTA, Think tank for the food transition, Spain; Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography, Spanish National Research Council, C/Albasanz 26-28, E28037 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Morales-Molino C, van Vugt L, van Leeuwen JFN, Gobet E, Schwörer C, Ganz K, Giagkoulis T, Brugger SO, Bogaard A, Hafner A, Kotsakis K, Lotter AF, Tinner W. Looking at the modern landscape of submediterranean Greece through a palaeoecological lens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174986. [PMID: 39053556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The importance of understanding the long-lasting legacy of past land use on modern ecosystems has long been acknowledged. However, the magnitude and persistence of such legacies have been assessed only occasionally. Northern Greece has been a gateway of farming into mainland Europe during the Neolithic, thus providing a perfect setting to assess the potential impact of land-use history on present-day ecosystems. Additionally, the marked Holocene climatic variability of the southern Balkans makes it possible to investigate climate-vegetation-land use interactions over long timescales. Here, we have studied a sediment record from Limni Vegoritis (Northern Greece) spanning the past ∼9000 years using palaeoecological proxies (pollen, spores, stomata, microscopic charcoal). We aimed to reconstruct long-term vegetation dynamics in submediterranean Greece, to assess the environmental factors controlling them and to establish the legacies of the long history of land use in the modern landscape. We found that the Early Holocene afforestation, mainly oak woodlands, was delayed because of suboptimal moisture conditions. Later, colder and drier conditions during the rapid climate change centred around the '8.2 ka event' triggered woodland opening and the spread of wooded (Juniperus) steppe vegetation. First indicators of farming activities are recorded during this period, but their abundances are too low to explain the concurrent large deforestation episode. Later, pinewoods (probably dominated by Pinus nigra) with deciduous Quercus spread and dominated the landscape for several millennia. These forests experienced repeated multi-centennial setback-recovery episodes associated with land-use intensification, but pines eventually declined ∼2500-2000 years ago during Classical times under heavy land use comprising intense pastoralism. This was the starting point for the present-day landscape, where the main 'foundation' taxon of the ancient forests (Pinus cf. nigra) is missing, therefore attesting to the strong imprint that historical land use has left on the modern landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Morales-Molino
- Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal (FORECO), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Lieveke van Vugt
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline F N van Leeuwen
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erika Gobet
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schwörer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Ganz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tryfon Giagkoulis
- School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sandra O Brugger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Geoecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Amy Bogaard
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hafner
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kostas Kotsakis
- School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - André F Lotter
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Willy Tinner
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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28
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Li X, Gao X, Tang N, Wang L, Xing W. Functional traits of exotic submerged macrophytes mediate diversity-invasibility relationship in freshwater communities under eutrophication. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175060. [PMID: 39067607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant diversity may respond differently in terms of whether it can drive plant invasions in freshwater ecosystem. Linkages and interactions between diversity and invasibility have not been clearly resolved, and it is unclear how nutrient enrichment (e.g., eutrophication) will affect this relationship. As a key predictor of plant growth, the ability of functional traits to mediate trade-offs in the diversity-invasibility relationship is unknown. Here, we conducted a series of experiments to determine the role of exotic plant functional traits in the diversity-invasibility relationship of submerged macrophyte communities under eutrophication. We selected common native and exotic submerged macrophytes in the subtropics to construct different diverse submerged macrophyte communities to simulate invasion. Meanwhile, to test the adaptability and importance of functional traits, we experimentally verified the differences in functional traits between exotic and native species. Our results showed a positive correlation between native plant diversity and community invasibility. Moreover, the invader's performance was predominantly determined by functional traits of exotic species, such as plant biomass and tissue nutrients, which were significantly altered by species diversity. Furthermore, our results suggested that functional traits contribute significantly more to the invasiveness of exotic submerged macrophytes than the other factors to which they are subjected. Plant functional traits can mediate the diversity-invasibility relationship because of the higher intrinsic dominance of exotic submerged macrophyte species. In summary, our study revealed diversity-invasibility relationship in submerged macrophyte communities and highlighted functional traits as key drivers of invasion of high-risk exotic submerged macrophyte species. Although previous studies have elucidated the importance of functional trait studies for plant invasions, our study provides the only current evidence demonstrating the important role of invaders' functional traits in mediating the diversity-invasibility relationship. This novel perspective offers valuable insights into the management and control of invasive aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Xueyuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Na Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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29
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Qin H, Liu Y, Chen C, Chen A, Liang Y, Cornell CR, Guo X, Bai E, Hou H, Wang D, Zhang L, Wang J, Yao D, Wei X, Zhou J, Tan Z, Zhu B. Differential contribution of microbial and plant-derived organic matter to soil organic carbon sequestration over two decades of natural revegetation and cropping. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174960. [PMID: 39089383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Both natural revegetation and cropping have great impact on long-term soil carbon (C) sequestration, yet the differences in their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated trends in soil organic C (SOC) accumulation during natural revegetation (VR) and cropping processes over 24 years, and explored the contributions of microbial necromass and plant-derived C to SOC formation and their primary controls. Over the course of 24 years of land use/cover change (LUCC) from 1995, SOC content exhibited a more substantial increase in VR (0.31 g kg-1 a-1) than in cropland (0.14 g kg-1 a-1) during Stage II (>10 y after LUCC), and recalcitrant organic carbon explained more of the SOC variation than easily oxidizable carbon. The higher SOC content in VR was attributed to a greater contribution of plant-derived C (14-28 %) than that in cropland (3-11 %) to SOC and a consistently lower ratio of cinnamyl (C)- to vanillyl (V)-type phenols in VR across all the assessed years. Although there were higher proportion of microbial necromass of SOC (41-84 %) in cropland than in VR, the differences were not significant. The dominant bacterial phylum of Chloroflexi and soil nitrogen content were the primary biotic and abiotic factors regulating microbial-derived and plant-derived C in both cropland and VR. However, soil phosphorus content was the main factor in cropland, while climatic factors such as mean annual precipitation were more important in VR. These results provided evidence that long-term natural revegetation enhanced SOC sequestration by greater contribution of plant-derived C to SOC formation compared to cropping. These findings underscore the synergistic contribution of vegetation and microorganisms to long-term SOC sequestration, offering insights into the different mechanisms of carbon formation during VR and cropping processes, and providing support for optimizing land management to achieve global carbon neutrality goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Chunlan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Anlei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Carolyn R Cornell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Edith Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Haijun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Leyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dongliang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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Clower PO, Maiti K, Bowles M. Contrasting organic carbon respiration pathways in coastal wetlands undergoing accelerated sea level changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174898. [PMID: 39059644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbon cycling in coastal wetland soil is controlled by a complex interplay between microbial processes and porewater chemistry that are often influenced by various external forcings like wind, river discharge, and sea-level changes, where most of the organic carbon is mineralized to its inorganic form by various aerobic and anaerobic respiration pathways. The export of this inorganic carbon (DIC) from coastal wetlands has long been recognized as a significant component of the global carbon cycle. The major objective of this work is to determine the relative contribution of various respiration pathways to seasonal DIC production in two contrasting marshes (brackish and salt). The DIC fluxes estimates for the brackish and salt marshes were found to range between 36.52 ± 5.81 and 33.98 ± 2.21 mmol m-2 d-1 in winter and 133.10 ± 102.60 and 82.37 ± 30.87 mmol m-2 d-1 during summer of 2020. For the brackish marsh, aerobic respiration and iron reduction were found to be the primary contributors to DIC production representing 17.91-35.21 % and 61.13-81.97 % of total measured organic matter (OM) respiration respectively. On the other hand, aerobic respiration and sulfate reduction were the primary contributors to DIC production in the salt marsh, accounting for 37.91-83.93 % and 15.87-62.04 % of the total measured OM respiration respectively. The Mississippi River Deltaic Plain experiences high relative sea level rise and expected to undergo rapid change in salinity regime in near future from additional changes in river discharge, proposed sediment diversion plans, and storm surge intensities. The current study represents the first attempt to concurrently estimate various respiration pathways in this region and more studies are needed to understand the trajectories of soil OM respiration pathways and its impact on coastal carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Owen Clower
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kanchan Maiti
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Yin S, Wang C, Abalos D, Guo Y, Pang X, Tan C, Zhou Z. Seasonal response of soil microbial community structure and life history strategies to winter snow cover change in a temperate forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175066. [PMID: 39079633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Snow cover provides a thermally stable and humid soil environment and thereby regulates soil microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling. A warmer world with large reductions in snow cover and earlier spring snowmelt may disrupt this stability and associated ecosystem functioning. Yet, little is known about the response of soil microbial communities to decreased snowpack and potential carry-over effects beyond the snow cover period. Herein, we tested this response by conducting a snowpack manipulation experiment (control, addition, and removal) in a temperate forest. Our results showed that fungi were more sensitive to changes in snowpack. Thicker snowpack increased the diversity of fungi, but had weak effects on the diversity of bacteria in winter. Thickening snow cover promoted the ratio of fungi to bacteria abundance across the year, and such relative increase in fungi abundance was largely driven by Basidiomycota phyla (Agaricomycetes class). Increased snowpack decreased soil nitrate concentration, and produced carry-over biogeochemical effects evidenced by increased summer β-1,4-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activities. On a seasonal scale, microbial biomass peaked at both winter and summer; winter microbial community was fungi dominated, while bacteria dominated in summer. The abundances of bacterial phyla had greater seasonal variation than fungal phyla. Specifically, Actinobacteria had greater dominance in winter than in summer, while Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia had greater abundance in summer than in winter. Microbial high yield-resource acquisition-stress tolerance life history strategies showed significant seasonal tradeoffs, i.e., resource acquisition and stress tolerance strategies dominated in summer, while high yield strategy dominated in winter. Overall, our findings underline that climate-induced reductions in snow cover can disrupt soil biogeochemical cycling also beyond the snow cover period due to shifts in soil microbial community structure and life history strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yin
- School of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- School of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Diego Abalos
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuesen Pang
- School of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuanqiao Tan
- School of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenghu Zhou
- School of Ecology and Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Gianasi FM, de Andrade Maia V, Oliveira AM, Pompeu PV, de Souza CR, Farrapo CL, da Silva-Sene AM, de Oliveira F, Meireles TM, de Carvalho Rodrigues AL, Madeira DM, Araújo FC, Silva LCA, Ferreira LAS, Santos LR, Reis MG, Pereira RT, Souza TA, de Oliveira Alves Braga M, de Lima E Silva VFP, van Meerveld I, Dos Santos RM. Water level regime variation is a crucial driver for taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in seasonally flooded tropical forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175195. [PMID: 39094665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Floodplains contribute significantly to terrestrial ecosystem service provision but are also among the most vulnerable and degraded ecosystems worldwide. Heterogeneity in floodplain properties arises from variations in river-specific flood regimes, watershed characteristics, and valley morphology, influencing seasonally flooded forests' taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. This study addresses persisting knowledge gaps in floodplain ecology, focusing on the seasonally dry tropics. We explore the relationships between flood regime, environmental conditions, vegetation composition, functional and phylogenetic diversity, and the impact of environmental variables on above-ground biomass (AGB) and ecological strategies. The study spans six rivers in southeastern Brazil's main river basins: Rio Grande and São Francisco. We identified five eco-units in each floodplain based on flooding regimes and surveyed six plots per eco-unit. We measured trees with DBH > 5 cm and collected functional traits, along with detailed soil, climate, and water level data. We calculated plot-level floristic composition, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity, wood density, and AGB. Functional and phylogenetic dissimilarity were analyzed, and the effects of climate, soil, and hydrological variables were quantified using generalized linear mixed models. We show how flood frequency and duration affect floristic composition across the floodplains. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity responded to climate, soil, and hydrological variables, while functional diversity responded primarily to hydrological variables, emphasizing the role of environmental filtering. Hydrological seasonality, soil fertility, and flood regime emerged as key factors shaping community structure and ecological strategies in the studied seasonally flooded tropical forests. Plot-level AGB responded to phosphorus but not to climate or hydrological variables. The study also highlights functional and phylogenetic dissimilarities among eco-units and basins, indicating potential climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Moreira Gianasi
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius de Andrade Maia
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cléber Rodrigo de Souza
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Laís Farrapo
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - André Maciel da Silva-Sene
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Magalhães Meireles
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia de Carvalho Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Denise Moura Madeira
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Carvalho Araújo
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Lidiany Carolina Arantes Silva
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Leony Aparecido Silva Ferreira
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Rodrigues Santos
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Miguel Gama Reis
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Tavares Pereira
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Almeida Souza
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Michael de Oliveira Alves Braga
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rubens Manoel Dos Santos
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
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Wang K, Zhao M, Zhang M, Fang X, Wang H, Lv J, Shi F. Topography- and depth-dependent rhizosphere microbial community characteristics drive ecosystem multifunctionality in Juglans mandshurica forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175070. [PMID: 39084382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbial community characteristics and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF), both affected by topographic factors, are closely correlated. However, more targeted exploration is yet required to fully understand the variations of rhizosphere microbial communities along topographic gradients in different soil layers, as well as whether and how they regulate EMF under specific site conditions. Here, we conducted relevant research on Juglans mandshurica forests at six elevation gradients and two slope positions ranging from 310 to 750 m in Tianjin Baxian Mountain. Results demonstrated that rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of both layers (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) varied significantly with elevation, while only at top layer did slope position have significant impacts on most indicators. Bacterial richness and diversity were higher in the top layer at slope bottom and middle-high elevation, the difference in fungi was not as noticeable. Both topographic factors and soil depth significantly impacted microbial community structure, with Candidatus_Udaeobacter of bacteria, Mortierella, Sebacina, and Hygrocybe of fungi mainly contributing to the dissimilarity between communities. EMF rose with increasing elevation, bacteria were more critical drivers of this process than fungi, and topographic factors could affect EMF by altering bacterial diversity and dominant taxa abundance. For evaluating EMF, the aggregate structure of sub layer and the carbon cycle-related indicators of top layer were of higher importance. Our results revealed the depth-dependent characteristics of the rhizosphere microbial community along topographic gradients in studied stands, as well as the pivotal regulatory role of bacteria on EMF, while also highlighting depth as an important variable for analyzing soil properties and EMF. This work helps us better understand the response of individuals and communities of J. mandshurica to changing environmental conditions, further providing a scientific reference for the management and protection of secondary forests locally and in North China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Mingyuan Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Juan Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Binshui West Road 399, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Fuchen Shi
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Cui S, Wang R, Chen Q, Pugliese L, Wu S. Geobatteries in environmental biogeochemistry: Electron transfer and utilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100446. [PMID: 39104555 PMCID: PMC11298864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of direct electron flow from electron donors to electron acceptors in redox reactions is significantly influenced by the spatial separation of these components. Geobatteries, a class of redox-active substances naturally present in soil-water systems, act as electron reservoirs, reversibly donating, storing, and accepting electrons. This capability allows the temporal and spatial decoupling of redox half-reactions, providing a flexible electron transfer mechanism. In this review, we systematically examine the critical role of geobatteries in influencing electron transfer and utilization in environmental biogeochemical processes. Typical redox-active centers within geobatteries, such as quinone-like moieties, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing groups, and variable-valent metals, possess the potential to repeatedly charge and discharge. Various characterization techniques, ranging from qualitative methods like elemental analysis, imaging, and spectroscopy, to quantitative techniques such as chemical, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods, have been developed to evaluate this reversible electron transfer capacity. Additionally, current research on the ecological and environmental significance of geobatteries extends beyond natural soil-water systems (e.g., soil carbon cycle) to engineered systems such as water treatment (e.g., nitrogen removal) and waste management (e.g., anaerobic digestion). Despite these advancements, challenges such as the complexity of environmental systems, difficulties in accurately quantifying electron exchange capacity, and scaling-up issues must be addressed to fully unlock their potential. This review underscores both the promise and challenges associated with geobatteries in responding to environmental issues, such as climate change and pollutant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Cui
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lorenzo Pugliese
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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Gigl F, Abdullahi M, Barnard M, Hollert H, Orsini L. Interactions between phenanthrene exposure and historical chemical stress: Implications for fitness and ecological resilience of the sentinel species Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174963. [PMID: 39069192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) arise from incomplete combustion of oil, coal, and gasoline, with lipophilic properties facilitating their widespread distribution and persistence. Due to their biochemical attributes, PAHs can accumulate in animal tissues, potentially causing mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Since the industrial revolution, PAH concentrations in the environment have risen, with lakes showing levels from 0.159 to 33,090 μg/kg sediment. Despite acute toxicity studies showing adverse effects on freshwater organisms, the long-term impacts and synergistic interactions with other pollutants remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the impact of phenanthrene (PHE), a prominent PAH found in aquatic environments, on Daphnia magna, a species of significant ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems globally, being both a sentinel species for chemical pollution and a keystone organism in freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Leveraging the dormancy of D. magna, which spans decades or even centuries, we exposed strains with diverse histories of chemical contaminant exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PHE. Initially, acute exposure experiments were conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines across 16 Daphnia strains, revealing substantial variation in acute toxic responses, with strains naïve to chemical pollutants showing the lowest toxicity. Utilizing the median effect concentration EC10 derived from acute exposures, we assessed the impacts of chronic PHE exposure on life history traits and ecological endpoints of the 16 strains. To elucidate how historical exposure to other environmental stressors may modulate the toxicity of PHE, temporal populations of D. magna resurrected from a lake with a well-documented century-spanning history of environmental impact were utilized. Our findings demonstrate that PHE exposure induces developmental failure, delays sexual maturation, and reduces adult size in Daphnia. Populations of Daphnia historically exposed to chemical stress exhibited significantly greater fitness impacts compared to naïve populations. This study provides crucial insights into the augmented effects of PAHs interacting with other environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gigl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Muhammad Abdullahi
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marianne Barnard
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luisa Orsini
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Environmental Research and Justice (CERJ), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK
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Khaledi V, Baatz R, Antonijević D, Hoffmann M, Dietrich O, Lischeid G, Davies MF, Merz C, Nendel C. Evaluating MONICA's capability to simulate water, carbon and nitrogen fluxes in a wet grassland at contrasting water tables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174995. [PMID: 39053527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Wet grasslands, which are vital for water and nutrient regulation, are characterised by distinct water, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, and their interactions. Due to their shallow groundwater table, wet grasslands promote a strong interconnection between diverse vegetation and soil water. Researchers have investigated how wet grasslands respond to environmental changes, using various simulation models to understand how these sites contribute to water, C and N dynamics. However, a comprehensive, simultaneous study of all three of these dynamics is still lacking. This study makes use of a grassland lysimeter study with differently managed groundwater levels and employs the process-based MOdel for NItrogen and Carbon dynamics in Agroecosystems (MONICA) to simulate these dynamics. By using SPOTPY (Statistical Parameter Optimization Tool) to optimise the relevant parameters, we find that MONICA performs well in simulating vegetation growth (aboveground biomass), and elements of the water (evapotranspiration), C (gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration) and N (N in aboveground biomass, nitrate in soil solution, Nitrous oxide emissions) balance, with Willmott's Refined Index of Agreement always larger than 0.35. This level of accuracy demonstrates that MONICA is ready to be applied for scenario simulations of groundwater management and climate change to evaluate their impact on greenhouse gas emissions and long-term carbon storage, as well as water and nitrogen losses in wet grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeh Khaledi
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Roland Baatz
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Danica Antonijević
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoffmann
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ottfried Dietrich
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Lischeid
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mariel F Davies
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Merz
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Claas Nendel
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Török P, Teleki B, Erdős L, McIntosh-Buday A, Ruprecht E, Tóthmérész B. Scale dependency of taxonomic and functional diversity in pristine and recovered loess steppic grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175110. [PMID: 39084393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Widespread campaigns on forest restoration and various tree planting actions lower the awareness of the importance of grasslands for carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. Even lower attention is given to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in remnants of ancient, so-called pristine grasslands. Pristine grasslands generally harbour high biodiversity, and even small patches can act as important refuges for many plant and animal species in urbanised or agricultural landscapes. Spontaneous succession of grassland is frequently viewed as a cost-effective tool for grassland restoration, but its applicability is strongly dependent on many local to landscape-scale factors, and the recovery is often slow. It is therefore essential to monitor the success of grassland restoration projects that rely on spontaneous succession. We compared the species diversity and functional attributes of pristine and recovered grasslands by studying the taxonomic and functional diversity in thirteen (8 pristine and 5 recovered) loess steppic grasslands using differently sized sampling plots from 0.01 to 100 m2. Our results indicate that there are remarkable differences in taxonomic and functional diversity between pristine and recovered grasslands. We also found that during secondary succession there is a likely functional saturation of the species assembly in the first few decades of recovery, and while patterns and structure of recovered grasslands became quite similar to those of pristine grasslands, species richness and diversity still remained much lower. Pristine grasslands support considerable plant diversity, and species composition is slow to recover if destroyed by agricultural land use. This underlines the importance of preserving existing pristine grassland remnants, which might serve as sources of species for future restoration measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Török
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden - Centre for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, Prawdziwka St., 02-973 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Balázs Teleki
- HUN-REN-UD Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Erdős
- HUN-REN-UD Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány street 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Andrea McIntosh-Buday
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ruprecht
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Republicii street 42, Cluj-Napoca 400015, Romania
| | - Béla Tóthmérész
- Department of Ecology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Egyetem sqr. 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Cuartero J, Querejeta JI, Prieto I, Frey B, Alguacil MM. Warming and rainfall reduction alter soil microbial diversity and co-occurrence networks and enhance pathogenic fungi in dryland soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175006. [PMID: 39069184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In this 9-year manipulative field experiment, we examined the impacts of experimental warming (2 °C, W), rainfall reduction (30 % decrease in annual rainfall, RR), and their combination (W + RR) on soil microbial communities and native vegetation in a semi-arid shrubland in south-eastern Spain. Warming had strong negative effects on plant performance across five coexisting native shrub species, consistently reducing their aboveground biomass growth and long-term survival. The impacts of rainfall reduction on plant growth and survival were species-specific and more variable. Warming strongly altered the soil microbial community alpha-diversity and changed the co-occurrence network structure. The relative abundance of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increased under W and W + RR, which could help buffer the direct negative impacts of climate change on their host plants nutrition and enhance their resistance to heat and drought stress. Indicator microbial taxa analyses evidenced that the marked sequence abundance of many plant pathogenic fungi, such as Phaeoacremonium, Cyberlindnera, Acremonium, Occultifur, Neodevriesia and Stagonosporopsis, increased significantly in the W and W + RR treatments. Moreover, the relative abundance of fungal animal pathogens and mycoparasites in soil also increased significantly under climate warming. Our findings indicate that warmer and drier conditions sustained over several years can alter the soil microbial community structure, composition, and network topology. The projected warmer and drier climate favours pathogenic fungi, which could offset the benefits of increased AMF abundance under warming and further aggravate the severe detrimental impacts of increased abiotic stress on native vegetation performance and ecosystem services in drylands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cuartero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - J I Querejeta
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - I Prieto
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain; Area de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - B Frey
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - M M Alguacil
- Departamento de Conservación de Suelos y Agua, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
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Song T, Huang Y, Fang L, Li Y, Li J, Chang J. Non-native species in marine protected areas: Global distribution patterns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100453. [PMID: 39175512 PMCID: PMC11338962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) across various countries have contributed to safeguarding coastal and marine environments. Despite these efforts, marine non-native species (NNS) continue to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems, even within MPAs. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the inventories, distribution patterns, and effect factors of NNS within MPAs. Here we show a database containing over 15,000 occurrence records of 2714 marine NNS across 16,401 national or regional MPAs worldwide. To identify the primary mechanisms driving the occurrence of NNS, we utilize model selection with proxies representing colonization pressure, environmental variables, and MPA characteristics. Among the environmental predictors analyzed, sea surface temperature emerged as the sole factor strongly associated with NNS richness. Higher sea surface temperatures are linked to increased NNS richness, aligning with global marine biodiversity trends. Furthermore, human activities help species overcome geographical barriers and migration constraints. Consequently, this influences the distribution patterns of marine introduced species and associated environmental factors. As global climate change continues to alter sea temperatures, it is crucial to protect marine regions that are increasingly vulnerable to intense human activities and biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- Command Center for Comprehensive Survey of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey Bureau, Beijing, 100055, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Dostálek T, Rydlová J, Kohout P, Kuťáková E, Kolaříková Z, Frouz J, Münzbergová Z. Beyond the rootzone: Unveiling soil property and biota gradients around plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175032. [PMID: 39059657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Although the effects of plants on soil properties are well known, the effects of distance from plant roots to root-free soil on soil properties and associated soil organisms are much less studied. Previous research on the effects of distance from a plant explored specific soil organisms and properties, however, comparative studies across a wide range of plant-associated organisms and multiple model systems are lacking. We conducted a controlled greenhouse experiment using soil from two contrasting habitats. Within each soil type, we cultivated two plant species, individually and in combination, studying soil organisms and properties in the root centre, the root periphery, and the root-free zones. We showed that the distance from the cultivated plant (representing decreasing amount of plant roots) had a significant impact on the abiotic properties of the soil (pH and available P and N) and also on the composition of the fungal, bacterial, and nematode communities. The specific patterns, however, did not always match our expectations. For example, there was no significant relationship between the abundance of fungal pathogens and the distance from the cultivated plant compared to a strong decrease in the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Changes in soil chemistry along the distance from the cultivated plant were probably one of the important drivers that affected bacterial communities. The abundance of nematodes also decreased with distance from the cultivated plant, and the rate of their responses reflected the distribution of their food sources. The patterns of soil changes along the gradient from plant to root-free soil were largely similar in two contrasting soil types and four plant species or their mixtures. This suggests that our results can be generalised to other systems and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of soil legacy formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Dostálek
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Rydlová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Science, Vídeňská 1043, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Kuťáková
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Kolaříková
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frouz
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
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Wang X, Deng W, Hu H, Jia X, Chen J, Fang P, Cheng C, Zhang S, Jiang X, Ding D, Ma B. Seasonal variations in soil microbial community co-occurrence network complexity respond differently to field-simulated warming experiments in a northern subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174692. [PMID: 39002597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Global warming may reshape seasonal changes in microbial community diversity and co-occurrence network patterns, with significant implications for terrestrial ecosystem function. We conducted a 2-year in situ field simulation of the effects of warming on the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial communities in a northern subtropical Quercus acutissima forest. Our study revealed that warming had no significant effect on the richness or diversity of soil bacteria or fungi in the growing season, whereas different warming gradients had different effects on their diversity in the nongrowing season. Warming also changed the microbial community structure, increasing the abundance of some thermophilic microbial species and decreasing the abundance of some symbiotrophic microorganisms. The co-occurrence network analysis of the microbial community showed that warming decreased the complexity of the intradomain network in the soil bacterial community in the growing and nongrowing seasons but increased it in the fungal community. Moreover, increasing warming temperatures increased the complexity of the interdomain network between bacteria and fungi in the growing season but decreased it in the nongrowing season, and the keystone species in the interdomain network changed with warming. Warming also reduced the proportion of positive microbial community interactions, indicating that warming reduced the mutualism, commensalism, and neutralism of microorganisms as they adapted to soil environmental stress. The factors affecting the fungal community varied considerably across warming gradients, with the bacterial community being significantly affected by soil temperature, MBC, NO3--N and NH4+-N, moreover, SOC and TN significantly affected fungal communities in the 4 °C warming treatment. These results suggest that warming increases seasonal differences in the diversity and complexity of soil microbial communities in the northern subtropical region, significantly influencing soil dynamic processes regulating forest ecosystems under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xichuan Jia
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pei Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Can Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuyi Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dongxia Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Geological Environment Exploration Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 211102, China
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Nie Y, Xu L, Xin X, Ye L. Long-term grassland diversity-productivity relationship regulated by management regimes in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175084. [PMID: 39074747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Grasslands are the most extensively distributed terrestrial ecosystems on Earth, providing a range of ecosystem services that are vital for sustaining human life and critical for sustainable development at the global scale. However, the relationship between the two most important attributes of grassland, plant diversity, and productivity, remains controversial even after many years of research. Here, we develop an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model based on decadal-scale experimental data from a degraded meadow steppe in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China to quantify the response of aboveground biomass (AGB) to plant species diversity under varying management regimes. We report that AGB responds negatively to the plant diversity in fallow grasslands and positively in grazing grasslands, transiting from negative to positive in mowing grasslands as mowing became more frequent. We show that the changing diversity-productivity relationships are driven by changes in species composition of the plant community, given the significant productivity gap between rare and non-rare species. This highlights the role of management in regulating the diversity-productivity relationships in grasslands. These results not only provide provocative insights into the relationships between plant diversity and productivity but also support more sustainable use and management of grassland resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Lijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Liming Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China; Ghent University, Department of Geology, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Timilsina A, Neupane P, Yao J, Raseduzzaman M, Bizimana F, Pandey B, Feyissa A, Li X, Dong W, Yadav RKP, Gomez-Casanovas N, Hu C. Plants mitigate ecosystem nitrous oxide emissions primarily through reductions in soil nitrate content: Evidence from a meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175115. [PMID: 39084361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and an ozone-depleting substance. The presence of plants in an ecosystem can either increase or decrease N2O emissions, or play a negligible role in driving N2O emissions. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing ecosystem N2O emissions from planted and unplanted systems to evaluate how plant presence influences N2O emissions and examined the mechanisms driving observed responses. Our results indicate that plant presence reduces N2O emissions while it increases dinitrogen (N2) emissions from ecosystems through decreases in soil nitrate concentration as well as increases in complete denitrification and mineral N immobilization. The response of N2O emissions to plant presence was universal across major terrestrial ecosystems - including forests, grassland and cropland - and it did not vary with N fertilization. Further, in light of the potential mechanisms of N2O formation in plant cells, we discussed how plant presence could enhance the emission of N2O from plants themselves. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms driving N2O emissions in response to plant presence could be beneficial for enhancing the robustness for predictions of our GHG sinks and sources and for developing strategies to minimize emissions at the ecosystem scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbindra Timilsina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Vernon 76384, TX, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Pritika Neupane
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Jinzhi Yao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Md Raseduzzaman
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fiston Bizimana
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bikram Pandey
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Adugna Feyissa
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Vernon 76384, TX, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| | - Wenxu Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | | | - Nuria Gomez-Casanovas
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Vernon 76384, TX, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Rangeland, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Department, Texas A&M, TX, USA.
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19AYuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ooi QE, Nguyen CTT, Laloo AE, Koh YZ, Swarup S. Soil-sediment connectivity through Bayesian source tracking in an urban naturalised waterway via microbial and isotopic markers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175152. [PMID: 39097031 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Riverine sediments are important habitats for microbial activity in naturalised waterways to provide potential ecosystem services that improve stormwater quality. Yet, little is known about the sources of these sediment microbes, and the factors shaping them. This study investigated the dominant source of sediments in a tropical naturalised urban waterway, using two Bayesian methods for microbial and isotopic 13C/15N markers concurrently. Additionally, key factors shaping microbial communities from the surrounding landscape were evaluated. A comprehensive two-year field survey identified source land covers of interest based on topology and soil context. Among these land covers, riverbanks were the dominant source of sediments contribution for both edaphic and microbial components. The physico-chemical environment explains most of the variation in sediment communities compared to inter-location distances and microbial source contribution. As microbes provide ecosystem services important for rewilding waterways, management strategies that establish diverse sediment microbial communities are encouraged. Since riverbanks play a disproportionately important role in material contribution to sediment beds, management practices aimed at controlling soil erosion from riverbanks can improve overall functioning of waterway systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi En Ooi
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Singapore Centre of Environmental Engineering and Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
| | - Canh Tien Trinh Nguyen
- Singapore Centre of Environmental Engineering and Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Radiation Research Education and Innovation, The University of Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew Elohim Laloo
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Singapore Centre of Environmental Engineering and Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yi Zi Koh
- Singapore Centre of Environmental Engineering and Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Swarup
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Singapore Centre of Environmental Engineering and Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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Yang S, Zhao X, Sun Z, Wang L, Tian P, Wang Q. Carbon and nitrogen addition-derived enzyme activities in topsoil but nitrogen availability in subsoil controls the response of soil organic carbon decomposition to warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175261. [PMID: 39098421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Subsoil stores the majority of soil organic carbon (SOC), and plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems and in regulating climate change. Response of SOC decomposition to temperature warming (TR) is a crucial parameter to predict SOC dynamics under global warming. However, it remains unknown how TR varies across the whole soil profile and responds to exogenous C and N inputs. To assess this, we designed a novel incubation system to measure SOC-derived CO2 efflux across the whole soil column (i.e., 60 cm length), allowing manual addition of 13C-labeled glucose and ammonium nitrate, and incubated it under ambient or warmed temperatures (+4 °C). We found that C addition significantly increased TR in 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm by 64.3 %, 68.1 % and 57.2 %, respectively. However, the combined addition of C and N decreased TR by 11.1 % - 15.3 % compared to without anything addition (CK) in the whole soil profile. The effect of N on TR ranged from -22.8 % to -40.4 % in the whole soil profile, and was significantly lower in topsoil than in subsoil. Furthermore, sole N addition significantly promoted TR compared to CK by 79.0 % and 94.7 % in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm subsoil, only 9.8 % in 0-20 cm topsoil. These results together suggested that TR is sensitive to increasing C availability in the whole soil profile and increasing N availability in 20-60 cm subsoil. Random forest model indicated that soil enzyme activities (explained 21.3 % of the variance) and DOC (explained 11.1 % of the variance) dominantly governed TR in topsoil, but N availability displayed a predominant control of TR in subsoil. Overall, our results suggested that increased C and N availability under climate warming scenarios could further increase the risk of carbon loss especially in subsoil with substrate deficiency, but labile C (e.g., root exudation) input under climate warming and N enrichment could reduce SOC decomposition and benefit for C sequestration by decreasing TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Yang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuechao Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Peng Tian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Sundar Panja A. The systematic codon usage bias has an important effect on genetic adaption in native species. Gene 2024; 926:148627. [PMID: 38823656 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Random mutations increase genetic variety and natural selection enhances adaption over generations. Codon usage biases (CUB) provide clues about the genome adaptation mechanisms of native species and extremophile species. Significant numbers of gene (CDS) of nine classes of endangered, native species, including extremophiles and mesophiles were utilised to compute CUB. Codon usage patterns differ among the lineages of endangered and extremophiles with native species. Polymorphic usage of nucleotides with codon burial suggests parallelism of native species within relatively confined taxonomic groups. Utilizing the deviation pattern of CUB of endangered and native species, I present a calculation parameter to estimate the extinction risk of endangered species. Species diversity and extinction risk are both positively associated with the propensity of random mutation in CDS (Coding DNA sequence). Codon bias tenet profoundly selected and it governs to adaptive evolution of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Sundar Panja
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Informatics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India.
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Sun X, Hu S, He R, Zeng J, Zhao D. Ecological restoration enhanced the stability of epiphytic microbial food webs of submerged macrophytes: Insights from predation characteristics of epiphytic predators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174547. [PMID: 38992355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The application of various submerged macrophytes for ecological restoration has gained increasing attention in urban lake ecosystems. The multitrophic microbial communities that colonized in various submerged macrophytes constitute microbial food webs through trophic cascade effects, which affect the biogeochemical cycles of the lake ecosystem and directly determine the effects of ecological restoration. Therefore, it is essential to reveal the diversity, composition, assembly processes, and stability of the microbial communities within epiphytic food webs of diverse submerged macrophytes under eutrophication and ecological restoration scenarios. In this study, we explored the epiphytic microbial food webs of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata in both eutrophic and ecological restoration regions. The obtained results indicated that the two regions with different nutrient levels remarkably affected the diversity and composition of epiphytic multitrophic microbial communities of submerged macrophytes, among them, the community composition of epiphytic predators were more prone to change. Secondly, environmental filtering effects played a more important role in driving the community assembly of epiphytic predators than that of prey. Furthermore, the generality and intraguild predation of epiphytic predators were significantly improved within ecological restoration regions, which increased the stability of epiphytic microbial food webs. Additionally, compared with Hydrilla verticillata, the epiphytic microbial food webs of Vallisneria natans exhibited higher multitrophic diversity and higher network stability regardless of regions. Overall, this study focused on the role of the epiphytic microbial food webs of submerged macrophytes in ecological restoration and uncovered the potential of epiphytic predators to enhance the stability of microbial food webs, which may provide new insights into the development of ecological restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Siwen Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Rujia He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; Poyang Lake Wetland Research Station, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332899, China
| | - Dayong Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Global Change and Water Cycle, the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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48
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Jiang O, Chen Y, Li C, Yang X, Gustave W, Tang X. Loss of microbial diversity increases methane emissions and arsenic release in paddy soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174656. [PMID: 38992367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms are vital to the emission of greenhouse gases and transforming pollutants in paddy soils. However, the impact of microbial diversity loss on anaerobic methane (CH4) oxidation and arsenic (As) reduction under flooded conditions remains unclear. In this study, we inoculated microbial suspensions into natural As-contaminated paddy soils using a dilution approach (untreated, 10-2, 10-4, 10-6, 10-8 dilutions) to manipulate microbial diversity levels. The results revealed that the 10-4 and 10-6 dilutions resulted in the highest CH4 emissions (97.0 μmol and 102.3 μmol) compared to untreated groups (27.6 μmol). However, anaerobic CH4 oxidation was not observed in 10-4 dilution groups and higher dilutions, suggesting the loss of diversity inhibited the natural reduction of CH4. Moreover, the porewater As concentration in the dilution groups was 1.8-8.2 times greater than in the untreated groups. The loss of microbial diversity promoted the reductive dissolution of iron (Fe) minerals bearing As, leading to increased concentrations of Fe(II) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which further enhanced As release (Fe(II), R = 0.9, p < 0.001) (DOC, R = 0.8, p < 0.001) from soil to porewater. However, CH4-dependent As(V) reduction was almost entirely inhibited under diversity loss. The decline in microbial diversity increased the relative abundances of methanogens (e.g., Methanobacterium and Methanomassiliicoccus), Fe(III)/As(V)-reducing bacteria (e.g., Bacillus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_10, and Geobacter), and the related functional genes (i.e., mcrA and Geo). These findings suggest that microbial diversity is critical for specialized soil processes, highlighting the detrimental effects of biodiversity loss on CH4 emissions and As release in As-contaminated paddies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyuan Jiang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xueling Yang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Williamson Gustave
- Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of The Bahamas, New Providence, Nassau, the Bahamas
| | - Xianjin Tang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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49
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Tanase MA, Mihai MC, Miguel S, Cantero A, Tijerin J, Ruiz-Benito P, Domingo D, Garcia-Martin A, Aponte C, Lamelas MT. Long-term annual estimation of forest above ground biomass, canopy cover, and height from airborne and spaceborne sensors synergies in the Iberian Peninsula. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119432. [PMID: 38944104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Basin has experienced substantial land use changes as traditional agriculture decreased and population migrated from rural to urban areas, which have resulted in a large forest cover increase. The combination of Landsat time series, providing spectral information, with lidar, offering three-dimensional insights, has emerged as a viable option for the large-scale cartography of forest structural attributes across large time spans. Here we develop and test a comprehensive framework to map forest above ground biomass, canopy cover and forest height in two regions spanning the most representative biomes in the peninsular Spain, Mediterranean (Madrid region) and temperate (Basque Country). As reference, we used lidar-based direct estimates of stand height and forest canopy cover. The reference biomass and volume were predicted from lidar metrics. Landsat time series predictors included annual temporal profiles of band reflectance and vegetation indices for the 1985-2023 period. Additional predictor variables including synthetic aperture radar, disturbance history, topography and forest type were also evaluated to optimize forest structural attributes retrieval. The estimates were independently validated at two temporal scales, i) the year of model calibration and ii) the year of the second lidar survey. The final models used as predictor variables only Landsat based metrics and topographic information, as the available SAR time-series were relatively short (1991-2011) and disturbance information did not decrease the estimation error. Model accuracies were higher in the Mediterranean forests when compared to the temperate forests (R2 = 0.6-0.8 vs. 0.4-0.5). Between the first (1985-1989) and the last (2020-2023) decades of the monitoring period the average forest cover increased from 21 ± 2% to 32 ± 1%, mean height increased from 6.6 ± 0.43 m to 7.9 ± 0.18 m and the mean biomass from 31.9 ± 3.6 t ha-1 to 50.4 ± 1 t ha-1 for the Mediterranean forests. In temperate forests, the average canopy cover increased from 55 ± 4% to 59 ± 3%, mean height increased from 15.8 ± 0.77 m to 17.3 ± 0.21m, while the growing stock volume increased from 137.8 ± 8.2 to 151.5 ± 3.8 m3 ha-1. Our results suggest that multispectral data can be successfully linked with lidar to provide continuous information on forest height, cover, and biomass trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tanase
- Universidad de Alcalá, Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Colegios 2, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - M C Mihai
- Universidad de Alcalá, Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Colegios 2, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - S Miguel
- Universidad de Alcalá, Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Colegios 2, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - A Cantero
- HAZI Fundazioa, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J Tijerin
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - P Ruiz-Benito
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - D Domingo
- iuFOR, EiFAB, Universidad de Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; GEOFOREST-IUCA, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Martin
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, Academia General Militar, Ctra. de Huesca s/n, Zaragoza 50090, Spain; GEOFOREST-IUCA, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Aponte
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M T Lamelas
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, Academia General Militar, Ctra. de Huesca s/n, Zaragoza 50090, Spain; GEOFOREST-IUCA, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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50
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Li S, Yin L, Duan L, Li J, Wang P, Gao S, Xian W, Li W. Diversity, abundance, and expression of proteorhodopsin genes in the northern South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119514. [PMID: 38950812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteorhodopsins have been suggested as an important strategy among phototrophs to capture solar energy in marine environments. The goals of this study was to investigate the diversity of proteorhodopsin genes and to explore their abundance, distribution, and expression in the coastal surface waters of the northern South China Sea, one of the largest marginal seas of the western North Pacific Ocean. Using 21 metagenomes, we recovered proteorhodopsin genes from a wide range of prokaryotic taxa, and chlorophyll a contributed significantly to the community composition of proteorhodopsin-containing microbes. Most proteorhodopsin sequences were predicted to encode green light-absorbing proton pumps and green light-absorbing proteorhodopsin genes were more abundant than blue-absorbing ones. The variations in the conserved residues involved in ion pumping and several uncharacterized proteorhodopsins were observed. The gene abundance pattern of proteorhodopsin types were significantly influenced by the levels of total organic carbon and soluble reactive phosphorus. Gene expression analysis confirmed the importance of proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy and revealed different expressional patterns among major phyla. In tandem, we screened 2295 metagenome-assembled genomes to describe the taxonomic distribution of proteorhodopsins. Bacteroidota are the key lineages encoding proteorhodopsins, but proteorhodopsins were predicated from members of Proteobacteria, Marinisomatota, Myxococcota, Verrucomicrobiota and Thermoplasmatota. Our study expanded the diversity of proteorhodopsins and improve our understanding on the significance of proteorhodopsin-mediated phototrophy in the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lingzi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jialing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Pandeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaoming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wendong Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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