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Mortensen C, Thomsen MT, Chua KC, Hammer HS, Nielsen F, Pötz O, Svenningsen AF, Kroetz DL, Stage TB. Modeling mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and chemotherapy transport using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110062. [PMID: 38972371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) constitutes a significant health problem due to the increasing prevalence and lack of therapies for treatment and prevention. While pivotal for routine cancer treatment, paclitaxel and vincristine frequently cause CIPN and impact the quality of life among cancer patients and survivors. Here, we investigate molecular mechanisms and drug transport in CIPN. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human sensory neurons were derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-SNs), which were characterized using flow cytometry and immunolabeling. These iPSC-SNs were exposed to different concentrations of the two microtubule-targeting agents, paclitaxel and vincristine, with and without pre-exposure to inhibitors and inducers of efflux transporters. Neuronal networks were quantified via fluorescent staining against sensory neuron markers. Transcriptional effects of the chemotherapeutics were examined using quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR). KEY RESULTS Paclitaxel exposure resulted in axonal retraction and thickening, while vincristine caused fragmentation and abolishment of axons. Both agents increased the mRNA expression of the pain receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1), and highly induced neuronal damage, as measured by activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) mRNA. iPSC-SNs express the efflux transporters, P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MPR1, encoded by ABCC1). Modulation of efflux transporters indicate that P-gp and MRP1 play a role in modulating neuronal accumulation and neurotoxicity in preliminary experiments. CONCLUSION and Implications: iPSC-SNs are a valuable and robust model to study the role of efflux transporters and other mechanistic targets in CIPN. Efflux transporters may play a role in CIPN pathogenesis as they regulate the disposition of chemotherapy to the peripheral nervous system, and they may present potential therapeutic targets for CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mortensen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Thy Thomsen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katherina C Chua
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Flemming Nielsen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Asa Fex Svenningsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Deanna L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tore Bjerregaard Stage
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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Manzhulo I, Tyrtyshnaia A, Egoraeva A, Ivashkevich D, Girich A, Manzhulo O. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity of synaptamide improves the morphological state of neurons in traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110094. [PMID: 39094830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) of varying severity are becoming more frequent all over the world. The process of neuroinflammation, in which macrophages and microglia are key players, underlies all types of brain damage. The present study focuses on evaluating the therapeutic potential of N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide), which is an endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid in traumatic brain injury. Previously, several in vitro and in vivo models have shown significant anti-neuroinflammatory and synaptogenic activity of synaptamide. The results of the present study show that synaptamide by subcutaneous administration (10 mg/kg/day, 7 days) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in the thalamus and cerebral cortex of experimental animals (male C57BL/6 mice). Were analyzed the dynamics of changes in the activity of Iba-1- and CD68-positive microglia/macrophages, the level of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, TNFα) and pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bax), the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers (CD68, CD206, arg-1). ATF3 transcription factor distribution and neuronal state in the thalamus and cerebral cortex of animals with craniotomy, traumatic brain injury, and therapy are quantitatively assessed. The obtained data showed that synaptamide: (1) has no effect on the total pool of microglia/macrophages; (2) inhibits the activity of pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages and cytokines they produce; (3) increases the expression of CD206 but not arg-1; (4) has anti-apoptotic effect and (5) improves the morphological state of neurons. The results obtained confirm the high therapeutic potential of synaptamide in the therapy of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Anna Tyrtyshnaia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anastasia Egoraeva
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Darya Ivashkevich
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Girich
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olga Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
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3
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Lal R, Singh A, Watts S, Chopra K. Experimental models of Parkinson's disease: Challenges and Opportunities. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176819. [PMID: 39029778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder occurs due to the degradation of dopaminergic neurons present in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Millions of people are affected by this devastating disorder globally, and the frequency of the condition increases with the increase in the elderly population. A significant amount of progress has been made in acquiring more knowledge about the etiology and the pathogenesis of PD over the past decades. Animal models have been regarded to be a vital tool for the exploration of complex molecular mechanisms involved in PD. Various animals used as models for disease monitoring include vertebrates (zebrafish, rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and monkeys) and invertebrate models (Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans). The animal models most relevant for study of PD are neurotoxin induction-based models (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and agricultural pesticides (rotenone, paraquat), pharmacological models (reserpine or haloperidol treated rats), genetic models (α-synuclein, Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), DJ-1, PINK-1 and Parkin). Several non-mammalian genetic models such as zebrafish, Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegance have also gained popularity in recent years due to easy genetic manipulation, presence of genes homologous to human PD, and rapid screening of novel therapeutic molecules. In addition, in vitro models (SH-SY5Y, PC12, Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cells, Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), Neural organoids, organ-on-chip) are also currently in trend providing edge in investigating molecular mechanisms involved in PD as they are derived from PD patients. In this review, we explain the current situation and merits and demerits of the various animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Lal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Aditi Singh
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Shivam Watts
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Ismail UN, Yahya N, Manan HA. Investigating functional connectivity related to stroke recovery: A systematic review. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149023. [PMID: 38815644 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke recovery is a complex process influenced by various factors, including specific neural reorganization. The objective of this systematic review was to identify important functional connectivity (FC) changes in resting-state fMRI data that were often correlated with motor, emotional, and cognitive outcome improvement. METHOD A systematic search using PubMed and SCOPUS databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023. RESULTS A total of 766 studies were identified, of which 20 studies (602 S individuals) met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies focussed on motor recovery while six on cognitive recovery. All studies reported interhemispheric FC to be strongly associated with motor and cognitive recovery. The preservation and changes of M1-M1 (eight incidences) and M1-SMA (nine incidences) FC were found to be strongly correlated with motor function improvement. For cognitive recovery, restoration and preservation of FC with and between default mode network (DMN)-related regions were important for the process. CONCLUSIONS This review identified specific patterns of FC that were consistently reported with recovery of motor and cognitive function. The findings may serve in refining future management strategies to enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Nabilah Ismail
- Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56 000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorazrul Yahya
- Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Program, Centre of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Sciences (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanani Abdul Manan
- Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56 000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Radiology and Intervention, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak (Children Specialist Hospital), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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5
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Kohoutova Z, Prchalova E, Knittelova K, Musilek K, Malinak D. Reactivators of butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphorus compounds. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107526. [PMID: 38878749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
In this review, the current progress in the research and development of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) reactivators is summarised and the advantages or disadvantages of these reactivators are critically discussed. Organophosphorus compounds such as nerve agents (sarin, tabun, VX) or pesticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon) cause irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE in the human body. While AChE inhibition can be life threatening due to cholinergic overstimulation and crisis, selective BChE inhibition has presumably no adverse effects. Because BChE is mostly found in plasma, its activity is important for the scavenging of organophosphates before they can reach AChE in the central nervous system. Therefore, this enzyme in combination with its reactivator can be used as a pseudo-catalytic scavenger of organophosphates. Three structural types of BChE reactivators were found, i.e. bisquaternary salts, monoquaternary salts and uncharged compounds. Although the reviewed reactivators have certain limitations, the promising candidates for BChE reactivation were found in each structural group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kohoutova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Prchalova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Knittelova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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6
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Oakley DH, Chung M, Abrha S, Hyman BT, Frosch MP. β-Amyloid species production and tau phosphorylation in iPSC-neurons with reference to neuropathologically characterized matched donor brains. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:772-782. [PMID: 38874454 PMCID: PMC11333826 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A basic assumption underlying induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of neurodegeneration is that disease-relevant pathologies present in brain tissue are also represented in donor-matched cells differentiated from iPSCs. However, few studies have tested this hypothesis in matched iPSCs and neuropathologically characterized donated brain tissues. To address this, we assessed iPSC-neuron production of β-amyloid (Aβ) Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43 in 24 iPSC lines matched to donor brains with primary neuropathologic diagnoses of sporadic AD (sAD), familial AD (fAD), control, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Our results demonstrate a positive correlation between Aβ43 production by fAD iPSC-neurons and Aβ43 accumulation in matched brain tissues but do not reveal a substantial correlation in soluble Aβ species between control or sAD iPSC-neurons and matched brains. However, we found that the ApoE4 genotype is associated with increased Aβ production by AD iPSC-neurons. Pathologic tau phosphorylation was found to be increased in AD and fAD iPSC-neurons compared to controls and positively correlated with the relative abundance of longer-length Aβ species produced by these cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that sAD-predisposing genetic factors influence iPSC-neuron phenotypes and that these cells are capturing disease-relevant and patient-specific components of the amyloid cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek H Oakley
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mirra Chung
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sara Abrha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Boston, MA, United States
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Karimijashni M, Ramsay T, Beaulé PE, Poitras S. Strategies to Manage Poorer Outcomes After Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review of Current Understanding, Unanswered Questions, and Future Directions. Musculoskeletal Care 2024; 22:e1921. [PMID: 39075675 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although hip or knee arthroplasty is generally a successful intervention, it is documented that 15%-30% of patients undergoing arthroplasty report suboptimal outcomes. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the key findings concerning the management of poorer outcomes after hip or knee arthroplasty. METHOD A comprehensive search of articles was conducted up to November 2023 across three electronic databases. Only studies written in English were included, with no limitations applied regarding study design and time. RESULT Efficiently addressing poorer outcomes after arthroplasty necessitates a thorough exploration of appropriate methods for assessing recovery following hip or knee arthroplasty, ensuring accurate identification of patients at risk or experiencing poorer recovery. When selecting appropriate outcome measure tools, various factors should be taken into consideration, including understanding patients' priorities throughout the recovery process, assessing psychometric properties of outcome measure tools at different time points after arthroplasty, understanding how to combine/reconcile provider-assessed and patient-reported outcome measures, and determining the appropriate methods to interpret outcome measure scores. However, further research in these areas is warranted. In addition, the identification of key modifiable factors affecting outcomes and the development of interventions to manage these factors are needed. CONCLUSION There is growing attention paid to delivering interventions for patients at risk or not optimally recovering following hip or knee arthroplasty. To achieve this, it is essential to identify the most appropriate outcome measure tools, factors associated with poorer recovery and management of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Karimijashni
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paul E Beaulé
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stéphane Poitras
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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8
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Ichikawa Y, Sato B, Hirano SI, Takefuji Y, Satoh F. Realizing brain therapy with "smart medicine": mechanism and case report of molecular hydrogen inhalation for Parkinson's disease. Med Gas Res 2024; 14:89-95. [PMID: 39073335 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.385949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The Michael J. Fox Foundation has been funding research on Parkinson's disease for 35 years, but has yet to find a cure. This is due to a problem with the philosophy behind the development of modern medical treatments. In this paper, we will introduce "smart medicine" with a substance that can solve all the problems of central nervous system drugs. The substance is the smallest diatomic molecule, the hydrogen molecule. Due to their size, hydrogen molecules can easily penetrate the cell membrane and enter the brain. In the midbrain of Parkinson's disease patients, hydroxyl radicals generated by the Fenton reaction cause a chain reaction of oxidation of dopamine, but hydrogen entering the midbrain can convert the hydroxyl radicals into water molecules and inhibit the oxidation of dopamine. In this paper, we focus on the etiology of neurological diseases, especially Parkinson's disease, and present a case in which hydrogen inhalation improves the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as body bending and hand tremor. And we confidently state that if Michael J. Fox encountered "smart medicine" that could be realized with molecular hydrogen, he would not be a "lucky man" but a "super-lucky man."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ichikawa
- Research and Development Department, MiZ Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
- MiZ Inc., Newark, CA, USA
| | - Bunpei Sato
- Research and Development Department, MiZ Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
- MiZ Inc., Newark, CA, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Hirano
- Research and Development Department, MiZ Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Takefuji
- Faculty of Data Science, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
- Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitake Satoh
- Research and Development Department, MiZ Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
- MiZ Inc., Newark, CA, USA
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Xie J, Wang L, Tian S, Li R, Zhang L, Shi H, Liu Z, Ma T, Hu H, She Z, Wang L. The Protective Role of Transcript-Induced in Spermiogenesis 40 in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2519-2534. [PMID: 38884889 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Prompt reperfusion after cerebral ischemia is important to maintain neuronal survival and reduce permanent disability and death. However, the resupply of blood can induce oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis, further leading to tissue damage. Here, we report the versatile biological roles of transcript-induced in spermiogenesis 40 (Tisp40) in ischemic stroke. We found that the expression of Tisp40 was upregulated in ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain tissues and oxygen glucose deprivation/returned -stimulated neurons. Tisp40 deficiency increased the infarct size and neurological deficit score, and promoted inflammation and apoptosis. Tisp40 overexpression played the opposite role. In vitro, the oxygen glucose deprivation/returned model was established in Tisp40 knockdown and overexpression primary cultured cortical neurons. Tisp40 knockdown can aggravate the process of inflammation and apoptosis, and Tisp40 overexpression ameliorated the aforementioned processes. Mechanistically, Tisp40 protected against ischemic stroke via activating the AKT signaling pathway. Tisp40 may be a new therapeutic target in brain ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjie Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China
| | - Heng Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Massé I, Moquin L, Bouchard C, Gratton A, De Beaumont L. Uninterrupted in vivo cerebral microdialysis measures of the acute neurochemical response to a single or repeated concussion in a rat model combining force and rotation. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148998. [PMID: 38754802 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Altered extracellular amino acid concentrations following concussion or mild traumatic brain injury can result in delayed neuronal damage through overactivation of NMDA glutamatergic receptors. However, the consequences of repeated concussions prior to complete recovery are not well understood. In this study, we utilized in vivo cerebral microdialysis and a weight-drop model to investigate the acute neurochemical response to single and repeated concussions in adult rats that were fully conscious. A microdialysis probe was inserted into the hippocampus and remained in place during impact. Primary outcomes included concentrations of glutamate, GABA, taurine, glycine, glutamine, and serine, while secondary outcomes were righting times and excitotoxic indices. Compared to sham injury, the first concussion resulted in significant increases in glutamate, GABA, taurine, and glycine levels, longer righting times, and higher excitotoxic indices. Following the second concussion, righting times were significantly longer, suggesting cumulative effects of repeated concussion while only partial increases were observed in glutamate and taurine levels. GABA and glycine levels, and excitotoxic indices were comparable to sham injury. These findings suggest that single and repeated concussions may induce acute increases in several amino acids, while repeated concussions could exacerbate neurological symptoms despite less pronounced neurochemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Massé
- Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Ouest Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Luc Moquin
- Research Center, Douglas Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Ouest Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Research Center, Douglas Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Louis De Beaumont
- Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin Ouest Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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Lah JJ, Tian G, Risk BB, Hanfelt JJ, Wang L, Zhao L, Hales CM, Johnson ECB, Elmor MB, Malakauskas SJ, Heilman C, Wingo TS, Dorbin CD, Davis CP, Thomas TI, Hajjar IM, Levey AI, Parker MW. Lower Prevalence of Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Among Healthy African Americans. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:463-475. [PMID: 38924596 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to be more common in African Americans (AA), but biomarker studies in AA populations are limited. This report represents the largest study to date examining cerebrospinal fluid AD biomarkers in AA individuals. METHODS We analyzed 3,006 cerebrospinal fluid samples from controls, AD cases, and non-AD cases, including 495 (16.5%) self-identified black/AA and 2,456 (81.7%) white/European individuals using cutoffs derived from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and using a data-driven multivariate Gaussian mixture of regressions. RESULTS Distinct effects of race were found in different groups. Total Tauand phospho181-Tau were lower among AA individuals in all groups (p < 0.0001), and Aβ42 was markedly lower in AA controls compared with white controls (p < 0.0001). Gaussian mixture of regressions modeling of cerebrospinal fluid distributions incorporating adjustments for covariates revealed coefficient estimates for AA race comparable with 2-decade change in age. Using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cutoffs, fewer AA controls were classified as biomarker-positive asymptomatic AD (8.0% vs 13.4%). After adjusting for covariates, our Gaussian mixture of regressions model reduced this difference, but continued to predict lower prevalence of asymptomatic AD among AA controls (9.3% vs 13.5%). INTERPRETATION Although the risk of dementia is higher, data-driven modeling indicates lower frequency of asymptomatic AD in AA controls, suggesting that dementia among AA populations may not be driven by higher rates of AD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:463-475.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ganzhong Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin B Risk
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John J Hanfelt
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liangkang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chadwick M Hales
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erik C B Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Morgan B Elmor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah J Malakauskas
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Craig Heilman
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cornelya D Dorbin
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Crystal P Davis
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tiffany I Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ihab M Hajjar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica W Parker
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Wu C, Hormuth DA, Christenson CD, Woodall RT, Abdelmalik MRA, Phillips WT, Hughes TJR, Brenner AJ, Yankeelov TE. Image-guided patient-specific optimization of catheter placement for convection-enhanced nanoparticle delivery in recurrent glioblastoma. Comput Biol Med 2024; 179:108889. [PMID: 39032243 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper catheter placement for convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is required to maximize tumor coverage and minimize exposure to healthy tissue. We developed an image-based model to patient-specifically optimize the catheter placement for rhenium-186 (186Re)-nanoliposomes (RNL) delivery to treat recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). METHODS The model consists of the 1) fluid fields generated via catheter infusion, 2) dynamic transport of RNL, and 3) transforming RNL concentration to the SPECT signal. Patient-specific tissue geometries were assigned from pre-delivery MRIs. Model parameters were personalized with either 1) individual-based calibration with longitudinal SPECT images, or 2) population-based assignment via leave-one-out cross-validation. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used to quantify the agreement between the predicted and measured SPECT signals. The model was then used to simulate RNL distributions from a range of catheter placements, resulting in a ratio of the cumulative RNL dose outside versus inside the tumor, the "off-target ratio" (OTR). Optimal catheter placement) was identified by minimizing OTR. RESULTS Fifteen patients with rGBM from a Phase I/II clinical trial (NCT01906385) were recruited to the study. Our model, with either individual-calibrated or population-assigned parameters, achieved high accuracy (CCC > 0.80) for predicting RNL distributions up to 24 h after delivery. The optimal catheter placements identified using this model achieved a median (range) of 34.56 % (14.70 %-61.12 %) reduction on OTR at the 24 h post-delivery in comparison to the original placements. CONCLUSIONS Our image-guided model achieved high accuracy for predicting patient-specific RNL distributions and indicates value for optimizing catheter placement for CED of radiolabeled liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyue Wu
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Institute for Data Science in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - David A Hormuth
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chase D Christenson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ryan T Woodall
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Michael R A Abdelmalik
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - William T Phillips
- Department of Radiology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Thomas J R Hughes
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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13
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Schmitz F, Durán-Carabali LE, Rieder AS, Silveira JS, Ramires Junior OV, Bobermin LD, Quincozes-Santos A, Alves VS, Coutinho-Silva R, Savio LEB, Coelho DM, Vargas CR, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. Methylphenidate Exposing During Neurodevelopment Alters Amino Acid Profile, Astrocyte Marker and Glutamatergic Excitotoxicity in the Rat Striatum. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:39. [PMID: 39190189 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
There is a public health concern about the use of methylphenidate (MPH) since the higher prescription for young individuals and non-clinical purposes is addressed to the limited understanding of its neurochemical and psychiatric consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early and chronic MPH treatment on the striatum focusing on amino acid profile, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, redox status, neuroinflammation and glial cell responses. Male Wistar rats were treated with MPH (2.0 mg/kg) or saline solution from the 15th to the 44th postnatal day. Biochemical and histological analyses were conducted after the last administration. MPH altered the amino acid profile in the striatum, increasing glutamate and ornithine levels, while decreasing the levels of serine, phenylalanine, and branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). Glutamate uptake and Na+,K+-ATPase activity were decreased in the striatum of MPH-treated rats as well as increased ATP levels, as indicator of glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Moreover, MPH caused lipid peroxidation and nitrative stress, increased TNF alpha expression, and induced high levels of astrocytes, and led to a decrease in BDNF levels. In summary, our results suggest that chronic early-age treatment with MPH induces parallel activation of damage-associated pathways in the striatum and increases its vulnerability during the juvenile period. In addition, data presented here contribute to shedding light on the mechanisms underlying MPH-induced striatal damage and its potential implications for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Schmitz
- Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse´S Lab), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luz Elena Durán-Carabali
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Schmitt Rieder
- Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse´S Lab), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Josiane S Silveira
- Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse´S Lab), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Junior
- Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse´S Lab), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa D Bobermin
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius S Alves
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics, Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics, Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo B Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics, Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniella M Coelho
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmen R Vargas
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory (Wyse´S Lab), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Lin J, Yu Z, Gao X. Advanced Noninvasive Strategies for the Brain Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins and Peptides. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22752-22779. [PMID: 39133564 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in the discovery of therapeutic proteins and peptides for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, their clinical applications have been considerably hindered by challenges such as low biomembrane permeability, poor stability, short circulation time, and the formidable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, substantial improvements have been made in understanding the dynamics of the BBB and developing efficient approaches for delivering proteins and peptides to the CNS, especially by using various nanoparticles. Herein, we present an overview of the up-to-date understanding of the BBB under physiological and pathological conditions, emphasizing their effects on brain drug delivery. We summarize advanced strategies and elucidate the underlying mechanisms for delivering proteins and peptides to the brain. We highlight the developments and applications of nanocarriers in treating CNS diseases via BBB crossing. We also provide critical opinions on the limitations and obstacles of the current strategies and put forward prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education & Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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15
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Vejdani Afkham B, Alonso-Ortiz E. On the impact of B0 shimming algorithms on single-voxel MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 39188098 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of different B0 shimming algorithms on MRS. METHODS B0 field maps and single-voxel MR spectroscopy were acquired in the prefrontal cortex of five volunteers at 3 T using five different B0 shimming approaches. B0 shimming was achieved using Siemens' proprietary shim algorithm, in addition to the Pseudo-Inverse (PI), Quadratic Programming (QuadProg), Least Squares (LSq), and Gradient optimization (Grad) algorithms. The standard deviation of the shimmed B0 field, as well as the SNR and FWHM of the measured metabolites, was used to evaluate the performance of each B0 shimming algorithm. RESULTS Compared to Siemens's shim, significant reductions (p < 0.01) in the standard deviation of the B0 field distribution within the MRS voxel were observed for the PI, QuadProg, and Grad algorithms (3.8 Hz, 7.3 Hz, and 3.9 Hz respectively, compared to 11.5 Hz for Siemens), but not for the LSq (12.9 Hz) algorithm. Moreover, significantly increased SNR and reduced FWHM for the N-acetylaspartate metabolite were consistent with the improvement in B0 homogeneity for the aforementioned shimming algorithms. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate that the choice of B0 shimming algorithm can have a significant impact on the quality of MR spectra and that significant improvements in spectrum quality could be achieved by using alternatives to the default vendor approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Vejdani Afkham
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eva Alonso-Ortiz
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Li Z, Dang Q, Liu C, Liu Y, Wang C, Zhao F, Wang Q, Min W. Caveolin Regulates the Transport Mechanism of the Walnut-Derived Peptide EVSGPGYSPN to Penetrate the Blood-Brain Barrier. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39187786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides, derived from short protein fragments, are recognized for their neuroprotective properties and potential therapeutic applications in treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, a significant challenge for these peptides is their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). EVSGPGYSPN (EV-10) peptide, a walnut-derived peptide, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective effects in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the transportability of EV-10 across the BBB, explore its capacity to penetrate this barrier, and elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying peptide-induced cellular internalization and transport pathways within the BBB. The results indicated that at a concentration of 100 μM and osmotic time of 4 h, the apparent permeability coefficient of EV-10 was Papp = 8.52166 ± 0.58 × 10-6 cm/s. The penetration efficiency of EV-10 was influenced by time, concentration, and temperature. Utilizing Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, in conjunction with the caveolin (Cav)-specific inhibitor M-β-CD, we confirmed that EV-10 undergoes transcellular transport through a Cav-dependent endocytosis pathway. Notably, the tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 were not disrupted by EV-10. Throughout its transport, EV-10 was localized within the mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, endosomes, and cell membranes. Moreover, Cav-1 overexpression facilitated the release of EV-10 from lysosomes. Evidence of EV-10 accumulation was observed in mouse brains using brain slice scans. This study is the first to demonstrate that Cav-1 can facilitate the targeted delivery of walnut-derived peptide to the brain, laying a foundation for the development of functional foods aimed at CNS disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, Jilin 130118, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P. R. China
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Dang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, Jilin 130118, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, Jilin 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P. R. China
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China
| | - Chongchong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P. R. China
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P. R. China
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P. R. China
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Min
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P. R. China
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, P. R. China
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17
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Bai D, Deng F, Jia Q, Ou K, Wang X, Hou J, Zhu L, Guo M, Yang S, Jiang G, Li S, Li XJ, Yin P. Pathogenic TDP-43 accelerates the generation of toxic exon1 HTT in Huntington's disease knock-in mice. Aging Cell 2024:e14325. [PMID: 39185703 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon1 of the HTT gene that encodes a polyglutamine tract in huntingtin protein. The formation of HTT exon1 fragments with an expanded polyglutamine repeat has been implicated as a key step in the pathogenesis of HD. It was reported that the CAG repeat length-dependent aberrant splicing of exon1 HTT results in a short polyadenylated mRNA that is translated into an exon1 HTT protein. Under normal conditions, TDP-43 is predominantly found in the nucleus, where it regulates gene expression. However, in various pathological conditions, TDP-43 is mislocalized in the cytoplasm. By investigating HD knock-in mice, we explore whether the pathogenic TDP-43 in the cytoplasm contributes to HD pathogenesis, through expressing the cytoplasmic TDP-43 without nuclear localization signal. We found that the cytoplasmic TDP-43 is increased in the HD mouse brain and that its mislocalization could deteriorate the motor and gait behavior. Importantly, the cytoplasmic TDP-43, via its binding to the intron1 sequence (GU/UG)n of the mouse Htt pre-mRNA, promotes the transport of exon1-intron1 Htt onto ribosome, resulting in the aberrant generation of exon1 Htt. Our findings suggest that cytoplasmic TDP-43 contributes to HD pathogenesis via its binding to and transport of nuclear un-spliced mRNA to the ribosome for the generation of a toxic protein product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices, In Vitro Diagnostic Reagents Testing Department, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaili Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Su Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Mercado NM, Szarowicz C, Stancati JA, Sortwell CE, Boezwinkle SA, Collier TJ, Caulfield ME, Steece-Collier K. Advancing age and the rs6265 BDNF SNP are permissive to graft-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian rats. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:163. [PMID: 39179609 PMCID: PMC11344059 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The rs6265 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a common variant that alters therapeutic outcomes for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously investigated the effects of this SNP on the experimental therapeutic approach of neural grafting, demonstrating that young adult parkinsonian rats carrying the variant Met allele exhibited enhanced graft function compared to wild-type rats and also exclusively developed aberrant graft-induced dyskinesias (GID). Aging is the primary risk factor for PD and reduces graft efficacy. Here we investigated whether aging interacts with this SNP to further alter cell transplantation outcomes. We hypothesized that aging would reduce enhancement of graft function associated with this genetic variant and exacerbate GID in all grafted subjects. Unexpectedly, beneficial graft function was maintained in aged rs6265 subjects. However, aging was permissive to GID induction, regardless of genotype, with the greatest incidence and severity found in rs6265-expressing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natosha M Mercado
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Carlye Szarowicz
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Stancati
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Samuel A Boezwinkle
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Timothy J Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Margaret E Caulfield
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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19
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Tsokani A, Stefanouli V, Adriaenssens N, Kotsakis A, Kapreli E, Strimpakos N. The effects of green exercise on the mental and physical health of people with chronic conditions: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39166712 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2391991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Green exercise, defined as physical activity in natural settings, shows promise for enhancing exercise participation and improving health. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of green exercise in people with chronic conditions. Seven electronic databases were searched and of the 7801 screened articles, 14 trials met the inclusion criteria. Green exercise was a safe and well-tolerated intervention, with low drop-out levels. It was found to positively affect participants' quality of life in three studies and mental health in four studies. Compared to non-exercise groups, green exercise significantly improved physical and mental health in patients with breast cancer, COPD, cardiovascular disease risk, chronic low back pain, obesity, and diabetes. However, it had no impact on the physical health of stroke patients or the cognitive performance of those with ADHD. Green exercise appears to be a safe intervention that can improve various chronic health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristi Tsokani
- Health Assessment and Quality of Life Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Stefanouli
- Health Assessment and Quality of Life Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Nele Adriaenssens
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Kapreli
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Strimpakos
- Health Assessment and Quality of Life Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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20
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Wang W, Li Z, Yuan S, Du Z, Li J, Peng H, Ru S. A Potential Neurotoxic Mechanism: Bisphenol S-Induced Inhibition of Glucose Transporter 1 Leads to ATP Excitotoxicity in the Zebrafish Brain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39167196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants have neurotoxic effects, but the initial molecular events involved in these effects are unclear. Here, zebrafish were exposed to the neurotoxicant bisphenol S (BPS, 1, 10, or 100 μg/L) from the embryonic stage to the larval stage to explore the ability of BPS to interfere with energy metabolism in the brain. BPS, which is similar to a glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor, inhibited GLUT1 function but increased mitochondrial activity in the brains of larval zebrafish. Interestingly, GLUT1 inhibitor treatment and BPS exposure did not reduce energy production in the brain; instead, they increased ATP production by inducing the preferential use of ketone bodies. Moreover, BPS promoted the protein expression of the purinergic 2X receptor but inhibited the purinergic 2Y-mediated phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, indicating that excess ATP acts as a neurotransmitter to activate the purinergic 2X receptor under the BPS-induced restriction of GLUT1 function. BPS-induced inhibition of GLUT1 increased the number of neurons but promoted apoptosis by activating ATP-purinergic 2X receptors in the brain, causing ATP excitatory neurotoxicity. Our data reveal a potential neurotoxic mechanism induced by BPS that may represent a new adverse outcome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ze Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shipeng Yuan
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zehui Du
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongyuan Peng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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21
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Megagiannis P, Mei Y, Yan RE, Yuan L, Wilde JJ, Eckersberg H, Suresh R, Tan X, Chen H, Farmer WT, Cha K, Le PU, Catoire H, Rochefort D, Kwan T, Yee BA, Dion P, Krishnaswamy A, Cloutier JF, Stifani S, Petrecca K, Yeo GW, Murai KK, Feng G, Rouleau GA, Ideker T, Sanjana NE, Zhou Y. Autism-associated CHD8 controls reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation via remodeling chromatin in astrocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114637. [PMID: 39154337 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive changes of glial cells during neuroinflammation impact brain disorders and disease progression. Elucidating the mechanisms that control reactive gliosis may help us to understand brain pathophysiology and improve outcomes. Here, we report that adult ablation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-associated CHD8 in astrocytes attenuates reactive gliosis via remodeling chromatin accessibility, changing gene expression. Conditional Chd8 deletion in astrocytes, but not microglia, suppresses reactive gliosis by impeding astrocyte proliferation and morphological elaboration. Astrocyte Chd8 ablation alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and septic-associated hypothermia in mice. Astrocytic CHD8 plays an important role in neuroinflammation by altering the chromatin landscape, regulating metabolic and lipid-associated pathways, and astrocyte-microglia crosstalk. Moreover, we show that reactive gliosis can be directly mitigated in vivo using an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Chd8 gene editing strategy. These findings uncover a role of ASD-associated CHD8 in the adult brain, which may warrant future exploration of targeting chromatin remodelers in reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation in injury and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Platon Megagiannis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yuan Mei
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rachel E Yan
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Wilde
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hailey Eckersberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rahul Suresh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xinzhu Tan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - W Todd Farmer
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kuwook Cha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phuong Uyen Le
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Helene Catoire
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Rochefort
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tony Kwan
- McGill Genome Center and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian A Yee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Dion
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arjun Krishnaswamy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Cloutier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guoping Feng
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Neville E Sanjana
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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22
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Jin X, Huang J, Wang H, Wang K, Yan N. A versatile residue numbering scheme for Na v and Ca v channels. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1394-1404. [PMID: 39151406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) and calcium (Cav) channels are responsible for the initiation of electrical signals. They have long been targeted for the treatment of various diseases. The mounting number of cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures for diverse subtypes of Nav and Cav channels from multiple organisms necessitates a generic residue numbering system to establish the structure-function relationship and to aid rational drug design or optimization. Here we suggest a structure-based residue numbering scheme, centering around the most conserved residues on each of the functional segments. We elaborate the generic numbers through illustrative examples, focusing on representative drug-binding sites of eukaryotic Nav and Cav channels. We also extend the numbering scheme to compare common disease mutations among different Nav subtypes. Application of the generic residue numbering scheme affords immediate insights into hotspots for pathogenic mutations and critical loci for drug binding and will facilitate drug discovery targeting Nav and Cav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Jin
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518107, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518132, China.
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23
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Waheed A, Rasheed S, Usama M, Chaurasia B. The future of neuro-oncology: precision medicine and targeted therapies. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:431. [PMID: 39141197 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Waheed
- Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals, Tipu Rd, Chamanzar Colony, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sanan Rasheed
- Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals, Tipu Rd, Chamanzar Colony, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usama
- Al Nafees Medical College And Hospital, Farash Town Phase I Farash Town, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bipin Chaurasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj, Nepal.
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24
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Baker BH, Day DB, Hazlehurst MF, Herkert NJ, Stapleton HM, Sathyanarayana S. Associations of environmental chemical exposures measured in personal silicone wristbands with sociodemographic factors, COVID-19 restrictions, and child respiratory health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119776. [PMID: 39142453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals has been considered a gold standard, these methods can be costly, burdensome, and prone to unwanted sources of variability that may cause confounding. Silicone wristbands have recently emerged as innovative passive samplers for measuring personal exposures. METHODS In a pilot study from 2019 to 2021 involving 55 children aged 5-9 years in Seattle and Yakima, Washington, we utilized silicone wristbands to explore associations of sociodemographic variables and COVID-19-related restrictions, including school closures, with exposures to numerous chemicals including brominated and organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, and pesticides. We additionally conducted the first analysis testing silicone wristband chemicals as predictors of child wheeze, individually and in mixtures via logistic weighted quantile sum regression (WQS). RESULTS Among 109 semi-volatile organic compounds measured, we detected 40 in >60% of wristbands worn by children continuously for an average of 5 days. Chemicals were generally positively correlated, especially within the same class. Male sex and increasing age were linked with higher exposures across several chemical classes; Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was linked with higher exposures to some phthalates and OPEs. COVID-19 restrictions were associated with lower wristband concentrations of brominated and triaryl OPE flame retardants. Each one-decile higher WQS exposure index was suggestively associated with 2.11-fold [95% CI: 0.93-4.80] higher odds of child wheeze. Risk of child wheeze was higher per 10-fold increase in the PAH chrysene (RR = 1.93[1.07-3.49]), the pesticide cis-permethrin (3.31[1.23-8.91]), and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) (5.40[1.22-24.0]) CONCLUSIONS: Our identification of demographic factors including sex, age, and ethnicity associated with chemical exposures may aid efforts to mitigate exposure disparities. Lower exposures to flame retardants during pandemic restrictions corroborates prior evidence of higher levels of these chemicals in school versus home environments. Future research in larger cohorts is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan H Baker
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Wasielewska JM, Chaves JCS, Cabral-da-Silva MC, Pecoraro M, Viljoen SJ, Nguyen TH, Bella VL, Oikari LE, Ooi L, White AR. A patient-derived amyotrophic lateral sclerosis blood-brain barrier model for focused ultrasound-mediated anti-TDP-43 antibody delivery. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:65. [PMID: 39138578 PMCID: PMC11323367 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder with minimally effective treatment options. An important hurdle in ALS drug development is the non-invasive therapeutic access to the motor cortex currently limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound and microbubble (FUS+ MB) treatment is an emerging technology that was successfully used in ALS patients to temporarily open the cortical BBB. However, FUS+ MB-mediated drug delivery across ALS patients' BBB has not yet been reported. Similarly, the effects of FUS+ MB on human ALS BBB cells remain unexplored. METHODS Here we established the first FUS+ MB-compatible, fully-human ALS patient-cell-derived BBB model based on induced brain endothelial-like cells (iBECs) to study anti-TDP-43 antibody delivery and FUS+ MB bioeffects in vitro. RESULTS Generated ALS iBECs recapitulated disease-specific hallmarks of BBB pathology, including reduced BBB integrity and permeability, and TDP-43 proteinopathy. The results also identified differences between sporadic ALS and familial (C9orf72 expansion carrying) ALS iBECs reflecting patient heterogeneity associated with disease subgroups. Studies in these models revealed successful ALS iBEC monolayer opening in vitro with no adverse cellular effects of FUS+ MB as reflected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release viability assay and the lack of visible monolayer damage or morphology change in FUS+ MB treated cells. This was accompanied by the molecular bioeffects of FUS+ MB in ALS iBECs including changes in expression of tight and adherens junction markers, and drug transporter and inflammatory mediators, with sporadic and C9orf72 ALS iBECs generating transient specific responses. Additionally, we demonstrated an effective increase in the delivery of anti-TDP-43 antibody with FUS+ MB in C9orf72 (2.7-fold) and sporadic (1.9-fold) ALS iBECs providing the first proof-of-concept evidence that FUS+ MB can be used to enhance the permeability of large molecule therapeutics across the BBB in a human ALS in vitro model. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study describes the first characterisation of cellular and molecular responses of ALS iBECs to FUS+ MB and provides a fully-human platform for FUS+ MB-mediated drug delivery screening on an ALS BBB in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wasielewska
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Juliana C S Chaves
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mauricio Castro Cabral-da-Silva
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Martina Pecoraro
- ALS Clinical Research Centre and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stephani J Viljoen
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tam Hong Nguyen
- Flow Cytometry and Imaging Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Centre and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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26
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Sueyoshi S, Vitor Silva J, Guizze F, Giarolla J. Dendrimers as drug delivery systems for oncotherapy: Current status of promising applications. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124573. [PMID: 39134292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer affects millions of people worldwide, causing death and serious health problems. Despite significant investment in the development of new anticancer compounds, there are still several limitations that can still be found. Many compounds exhibit high levels of toxicity and low bioavailability. Therefore, it is urgent to design safer, more effective, and particularly more selective compounds for oncological treatment. Dendrimers are polymeric structures that have been shown to be potential drug nanocarriers to overcome physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and indirect pharmacodynamic issues. Due to their versatility, they can be used in the design of nanovaccines, lipophilic complexes, amphiphilic complexes, smart nanocomplexes, and others. This work targets the use of dendrimers in oncological treatment and their importance and effectiveness as drug delivery systems for the development of new therapies. For this review, only publications from the last two years are considered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Sueyoshi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Guizze
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Khan S, Bano N, Ahamad S, John U, Dar NJ, Bhat SA. Excitotoxicity, Oxytosis/Ferroptosis, and Neurodegeneration: Emerging Insights into Mitochondrial Mechanisms. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0125-1. [PMID: 39122453 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development of age-related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. The etiology of mitochondrial dysfunction involves a multitude of factors that remain elusive. This review centers on elucidating the role(s) of excitotoxicity, oxytosis/ferroptosis and neurodegeneration within the context of mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis, mitophagy and oxidative stress and explores their intricate interplay in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The effective coordination of mitochondrial turnover processes, notably mitophagy and biogenesis, is assumed to be critically important for cellular resilience and longevity. However, the age-associated decrease in mitophagy impedes the elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, consequently impairing mitochondrial biogenesis. This deleterious cascade results in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and deterioration of cellular functions. Both excitotoxicity and oxytosis/ferroptosis have been demonstrated to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Excitotoxicity, characterized by excessive glutamate signaling, initiates a cascade of events involving calcium dysregulation, energy depletion, and oxidative stress and is intricately linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, emerging concepts surrounding oxytosis/ferroptosis underscore the importance of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial engagement in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. This review not only discusses the individual contributions of excitotoxicity and ferroptosis but also emphasizes their convergence with mitochondrial dysfunction, a key driver of neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the intricate crosstalk between excitotoxicity, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction holds potential to pave the way for mitochondrion-targeted therapeutic strategies. Such strategies, with a focus on bioenergetics, biogenesis, mitophagy, and oxidative stress, emerge as promising avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Khan
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Nargis Bano
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Urmilla John
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India; School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nawab John Dar
- CNB, SALK Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Deng JL, Wang GY, Zhai YJ, Feng XY, Deng L, Han WB, Tang JJ. Herpotrichone A Exerts Neuroprotective Effects by Relieving Ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17356-17367. [PMID: 39042602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of oxidative stress and ferroptosis is currently considered to be a promising therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. Herpotrichones, a class of compounds derived from insect symbionts, have shown potential for neuroprotective activity with low toxicity. However, the specific mechanisms through which herpotrichones exert their neuroprotective effects remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, the natural [4 + 2] adducts herpotrichone A (He-A) and its new analogues were isolated from the isopod-associated fungus Herpotrichia sp. SF09 and exhibited significantly protective effects in H2O2-, 6-OHDA-, and RSL3-stimulated PC12 cells and LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Moreover, He-A was able to relieve ferroptotic cell death in RSL3-stimulated PC12 cells and 6-OHDA-induced zebrafish larvae. Interestingly, He-A can activate antioxidant elements and modulate the SLC7A11 pathway without capturing oxidic free radical and chelating iron. These findings highlight He-A as a novel hit that protects against ferroptosis-like neuronal damage in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guo-Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi-Jie Zhai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xu-Yao Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wen-Bo Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen Virtual University Park Building, High-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
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29
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S S, Shamili C, K Y S, Peethambharan SK, Chandran A. Nanomolar level electrochemical detection of glycine on a miniaturized modified screen-printed carbon-based electrode: a comparison of performance with glassy carbon electrode system. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7557-7563. [PMID: 38979673 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the electrochemical (EC) sensing of glycine (GLY) on a gold-copper nanocluster on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot-modified (indigenously fabricated) screen-printed electrode (AuCuNC@N-GQD/SPE). SPE was fabricated by step-by-step printing of reference, working, and counter electrodes to develop an all-printed SPE. A comparison strategy between SPE and the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) towards the EC sensing of GLY was carried out. The sensing performance was enhanced while replacing GCE with SPE. The limit of detection (LOD) for GLY obtained by EC sensing with AuCuNC@N-GQD/GCE was 10 nM and that with AuCuNC@N-GQD/SPE was 10 times lower, 1 nM, and is the lowest LOD value reported hitherto. Compared with AuCuNC@N-GQD/GCE, the current response of AuCuNC@N-GQD/SPE exhibited a ∼2.6-times enhancement with a sensitivity of 0.206 μA μM-1 cm-2. Thus, the successful shift from GCE to SPE not only miniaturizes the sensor device but also enhances the electrochemical detection performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisree S
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
| | - Chandradas Shamili
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Sandhya K Y
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala, Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India
| | - Surendran Kuzhichalil Peethambharan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
| | - Achu Chandran
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Industrial Estate, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India
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Huang G, Wang H, Zhao W, Qian Y, Yao Y, Zhang L, Chen Y, Song L, Yang J, Liu Z, Su B, Sun L. Effects of the intermittent theta burst stimulation on gait, balance and lower limbs motor function in stroke: study protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled trial with multimodal neuroimaging assessments. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082019. [PMID: 39107014 PMCID: PMC11308910 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately, 50% of stroke survivors experience impaired walking ability 6 months after conventional rehabilitation and standard care. However, compared with upper limb motor function, research on lower limbs rehabilitation through non-invasive neuromodulation like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has received less attention. Limited evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), an optimised rTMS modality, on lower limbs rehabilitation after stroke. This study aims to evaluate the effects of iTBS on gait, balance and lower limbs motor function in stroke recovery while also exploring the underlying neural mechanisms using longitudinal analysis of multimodal neuroimaging data. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this double-blinded randomised controlled trial, a total of 46 patients who had a stroke will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 15 sessions of leg motor area iTBS consisting of 600 pulses or sham stimulation over the course of 3 weeks. Additionally, conventional rehabilitation therapy will be administered following the (sham) iTBS intervention. The primary outcome measure will be the 10 m walking test. Secondary outcomes include the Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower extremity, Timed Up and Go Test, Functional Ambulation Category Scale, Berg Balance Scale, modified Barthel Index, Mini-Mental State Examination, montreal cognitive assessment, tecnobody balance assessment encompassing both static and dynamic stability evaluations, surface electromyography recording muscle activation of the lower limbs, three-dimensional gait analysis focusing on temporal and spatial parameters as well as ground reaction force measurements, corticomotor excitability tests including resting motor threshold, motor evoked potential and recruitment curves and multimodal functional MRI scanning. Outcome measures will be collected prior to and after the intervention period with follow-up at 3 weeks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Wuxi Mental Health Center/Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital (no. WXMHCCIRB2023LLky078). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2300077431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hewei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - WeiWei Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yao Qian
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lianxin Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Song Q, Li J, Li T, Li HW. Nanomaterials that Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Resolving Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing Ability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403473. [PMID: 39101248 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
As a form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffers from no efficacious cure, yet AD treatment is still imperative, as it ameliorates the symptoms or prevents it from deteriorating or maintains the current status to the longest extent. The human brain is the most sensitive and complex organ in the body, which is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This yet induces the difficulty in curing AD as the drugs or nanomaterials that are much inhibited from reaching the lesion site. Thus, BBB crossing capability of drug delivery system remains a significant challenge in the development of neurological therapeutics. Fortunately, nano-enabled delivery systems possess promising potential to achieve multifunctional diagnostics/therapeutics against various targets of AD owing to their intriguing advantages of nanocarriers, including easy multifunctionalization on surfaces, high surface-to-volume ratio with large payloads, and potential ability to cross the BBB, making them capable of conquering the limitations of conventional drug candidates. This review, which focuses on the BBB crossing ability of the multifunctional nanomaterials in AD diagnosis and treatment, will provide an insightful vision that is conducive to the development of AD-related nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingting Song
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyou Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Hacker RM, Grimard DM, Morgan KA, Saleh E, Wrublik MM, Meiss CJ, Kant CC, Jones MA, Brennessel WW, Webb MI. Ru(II)-arene azole complexes as anti-amyloid-β agents. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39093049 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
With the recent clinical success of anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies, there is a renewed interest in agents which target the Aβ peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metal complexes are particularly well-suited for this development, given their structural versatility and ability to form stabile interactions with soluble Aβ. In this report, a small series of ruthenium-arene complexes were evaluated for their respective ability to modulate both the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ. First, the stability of the complexes was evaluated in a variety of aqueous media where the complexes demonstrated exceptional stability. Next, the ability to coordinate and modulate the Aβ peptide was evaluated using several spectroscopic methods, including thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Overall, the complex RuBO consistently gave the greatest inhibitory action towards Aβ aggregation, which correlated with its ability to coordinate to Aβ in solution. Furthermore, RuBO also had the lowest affinity for serum albumin, which is a key consideration for a neurotherapeutic, as this protein does not cross the blood brain barrier. Lastly, RuBO also displayed promising neuroprotective properties, as it had the greatest inhibition of Aβ-inducted cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Hacker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, 14454, USA.
| | - Daniela M Grimard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, 14454, USA.
| | - Katie A Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, 14454, USA.
| | - Eaman Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790, USA
| | - Morgan M Wrublik
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790, USA
| | - Cade J Meiss
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790, USA
| | - Caitlyn C Kant
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790, USA
| | - Marjorie A Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790, USA
| | | | - Michael I Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, 14454, USA.
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Kim KR, Kang JH, Thai HBD, Back JH, Mao C, Lee JE, Ko YT, Ahn DR. Systemic Brain Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Enhanced by Protein Corona-Assisted DNA Cubes. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400902. [PMID: 39092676 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The systemic delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics to the brain is challenging but highly desirable for the treatment of brain diseases undruggable with traditional small-molecule drugs. In this study, a set of DNA nanostructures is prepared and screened them to develop a protein corona-assisted platform for the brain delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics. The biodistribution analysis of intravenously injected DNA nanostructures reveals that a cube-shaped DNA nanostructure (D-Cb) can penetrate the brain-blood barrier (BBB) and reach the brain tissue. The brain distribution level of D-Cb is comparable to that of other previous nanoparticles conjugated with brain-targeting ligands. Proteomic analysis of the protein corona formed on D-Cb suggests that its brain distribution is driven by endothelial receptor-targeting ligands in the protein corona, which mediate transcytosis for crossing the BBB. D-Cb is subsequently used to deliver an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in mice. While free ASO is unable to reach the brain, ASO loaded onto D-Cb is delivered efficiently to the brain tumor region, where it downregulates the target gene and exerts an anti-tumor effect on GBM. D-Cb is expected to serve as a viable platform based on protein corona formation for systemic brain delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ran Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hien Bao Dieu Thai
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Back
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chengde Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ro Ahn
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Stern T, Hussein Y, Cordeiro D, Sadis H, Garin-Shkolnik T, Spiegel R, Cohen S, Harari R, Schlesinger I, Stern S. Case Report: A Case of a Patient with Smith-Magenis Syndrome and Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8447. [PMID: 39126013 PMCID: PMC11313365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS) is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by intellectual disability (ID), behavioral impairments, and sleep disturbances, as well as multiple organ anomalies in some affected individuals. The syndrome is caused by a deletion in the chromosome band around 17p11.2, including the Retinoic Acid Induced 1 (RAI1) gene, a multifaceted transcriptional regulator that modulates the expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation and neurodevelopment. This gene has a positive role in regulating BDNF and, importantly, affects several cell mechanisms and pathways such as the nigro-striatal pathway, which is crucial for motor function. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in older populations. It is characterized by various physical symptoms including tremors, loss of balance, bradykinesia, and a stooping posture. We present a case study of a patient diagnosed with both SMS and early-onset PD (at the age of 49). The association between both conditions is as yet ambiguous. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) implicate an association between the RAI1 gene and PD. Similarly, the co-existence of both SMS and PD in the patient suggests a possible association between RAI1 copy number variations (CNVs) and PD, further indicating that RAI1 has strong implications for PD pathogenesis. Our results suggest that RAI1 CNVs and the pathophysiology of PD may be related, underscoring the need for further research in this field. Therefore, caregivers of SMS patients should pay careful attention to the possibility of their patients developing EOPD and should consider starting treatment for PD as soon as the first symptoms appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchelet Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | - Yara Hussein
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | - Diogo Cordeiro
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | - Hagit Sadis
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
| | | | - Ronen Spiegel
- Pediatric Department B, Emek Medical Center, Afula 1834111, Israel
| | | | | | - Ilana Schlesinger
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel
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Maria DN, Ibrahim MM, Kim MJ, Maria SN, White WA, Wang X, Hollingsworth TJ, Jablonski MM. Evaluation of Pregabalin bioadhesive multilayered microemulsion IOP-lowering eye drops. J Control Release 2024; 373:667-687. [PMID: 39079659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In spite of available treatment options, glaucoma continues to be a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Current glaucoma medications have multiple limitations including: lack of sustained action; requirement for multiple dosing per day, ocular irritation and limited options for drugs with different mechanisms of action. Previously, we demonstrated that pregabalin, a drug with high affinity and selectivity for CACNA2D1, lowered IOP in a dose-dependent manner. The current study was designed to evaluate pregabalin microemulsion eye drops and to estimate its efficacy in humans using in silico methods. Molecular docking studies of pregabalin against CACNA2D1 of mouse, rabbit, and human were performed. Pregabalin microemulsion eye drops were characterized using multiple in vivo studies and its stability was evaluated over one year at different storage conditions. Molecular docking analyses and QSPR of pregabalin confirmed its suitability as a new IOP-lowering medication that functions using a new mechanism of action by binding to CACNA2D1 in all species evaluated. Because of its prolonged corneal residence time and corneal penetration enhancement, a single topical application of pregabalin ME can provide an extended IOP reduction of more than day in different animal models. Repeated daily dosing for 2 months confirms the lack of any tachyphylactic effect, which is a common drawback among marketed IOP-lowering medications. In addition, pregabalin microemulsion demonstrated good physical stability for one year, and chemical stability for 3-6 months if stored below 25 °C. Collectively, these outcomes greatly support the use of pregabalin eye drops as once daily IOP-lowering therapy for glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa N Maria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Minjae J Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Sara N Maria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - William A White
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - XiangDi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - T J Hollingsworth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
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36
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Jayawickreme DK, Ekwosi C, Anand A, Andres-Mach M, Wlaź P, Socała K. Luteolin for neurodegenerative diseases: a review. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:644-664. [PMID: 38904713 PMCID: PMC11294387 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis affect millions of people around the world. In addition to age, which is a key factor contributing to the development of all neurodegenerative diseases, genetic and environmental components are also important risk factors. Current methods of treating neurodegenerative diseases are mostly symptomatic and do not eliminate the cause of the disease. Many studies focus on searching for natural substances with neuroprotective properties that could be used as an adjuvant therapy in the inhibition of the neurodegeneration process. These compounds include flavonoids, such as luteolin, showing significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activity. Increasing evidence suggests that luteolin may confer protection against neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize the scientific reports from preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the beneficial effects of luteolin in neurodegenerative diseases. Luteolin was studied most extensively in various models of Alzheimer's disease but there are also several reports showing its neuroprotective effects in models of Parkinson's disease. Though very limited, studies on possible protective effects of luteolin against Huntington's disease and multiple sclerosis are also discussed here. Overall, although preclinical studies show the potential benefits of luteolin in neurodegenerative disorders, clinical evidence on its therapeutic efficacy is still deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cletus Ekwosi
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, 20-033, PL, Poland
| | - Apurva Anand
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, 20-033, PL, Poland
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, 20-033, PL, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, 20-033, PL, Poland.
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Montero AS, Aliouat I, Ribon M, Canney M, Goldwirt L, Mourah S, Berriat F, Lobsiger CS, Pradat PF, Salachas F, Bruneteau G, Carpentier A, Boillée S. Effect of ultrasound-mediated blood-spinal cord barrier opening on survival and motor function in females in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105235. [PMID: 38996764 PMCID: PMC11284947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of motor neurons. The limited efficacy of recent therapies in clinical development may be linked to lack of drug penetration to the affected motor neurons due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). METHODS In this work, the safety and efficacy of repeated short transient opening of the BSCB by low intensity pulsed ultrasound (US, sonication) was studied in females of an ALS mouse model (B6.Cg-Tg(SOD1∗G93A)1Gur/J). The BSCB was disrupted using a 1 MHz ultrasound transducer coupled to the spinal cord, with and without injection of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a neurotrophic factor that has previously shown efficacy in ALS models. FINDINGS Results in wild-type (WT) animals demonstrated that the BSCB can be safely disrupted and IGF1 concentrations significantly enhanced after a single session of transient BSCB disruption (176 ± 32 μg/g vs. 0.16 ± 0.008 μg/g, p < 0.0001). Five repeated weekly US sessions performed in female ALS mice demonstrated a survival advantage in mice treated with IGF1 and US (US IGF1) compared to treatment with IGF1 alone (176 vs. 166 days, p = 0.0038). Surprisingly, this survival advantage was also present in mice treated with US alone vs. untreated mice (178.5 vs. 166.5 days, p = 0.0061). Muscle strength did not show difference among the groups. Analysis of glial cell immunoreactivity and microglial transcriptome showing reduced cell proliferation pathways, in addition to lymphocyte infiltration, suggested that the beneficial effect of US or US IGF1 could act through immune cell modulation. INTERPRETATION These results show the first step towards a possible beneficial impact of transient BSCB opening for ALS therapy and suggest implication of immune cells. FUNDING Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM). Investissements d'avenirANR-10-IAIHU-06, Société Française de Neurochirurgie (SFNC), Fond d'étude et de Recherche du Corps Medical (FERCM), Aide à la Recherche des Maladies du Cerveau (ARMC), SLA Fondation Recherche (SLAFR), French Ministry for High Education and Research (MENR), Carthera, Laboratoire de Recherche en Technologies Chirurgicales Avancées (LRTCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Montero
- Sorbonne Université, Neurosurgery Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Advanced Surgical Research Technology Laboratory, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, GRC 23, Brain Machine Interface, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ilyes Aliouat
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Ribon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Lauriane Goldwirt
- AP-HP, Pharmacology Department, Hôpital de Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- AP-HP, Pharmacology Department, Hôpital de Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Félix Berriat
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-François Pradat
- AP-HP, Centre de Reference Maladie Rare SLA, Neurology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François Salachas
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; AP-HP, Centre de Reference Maladie Rare SLA, Neurology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Bruneteau
- AP-HP, Centre de Reference Maladie Rare SLA, Neurology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Carpentier
- Sorbonne Université, Neurosurgery Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Advanced Surgical Research Technology Laboratory, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, GRC 23, Brain Machine Interface, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Rotstein MS, Zimmerman-Brenner S, Davidovitch S, Ben-Haim Y, Koryto Y, Sion R, Rubinstein E, Djerassi M, Lubiniaker N, Peleg TP, Steinberg T, Leitner Y, Raz G. Gamified Closed-Loop Intervention Enhances Tic Suppression in Children: A Randomized Trial. Mov Disord 2024; 39:1310-1322. [PMID: 38881244 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamification of behavioral intervention for tic disorders (TDs) potentially enhances compliance and offers key clinical advantages. By delivering immediate positive feedback upon tic-suppression, games may counteract negative reinforcement, which presumably contribute to tic consolidation by relieving uncomfortable premonitory urges. OBJECTIVES We developed a gamified protocol (XTics), which leverages this potential by combining gamified tic-triggering with immediate feedback, and evaluated its clinical value in enhancing tic suppression. METHODS XTics encompasses two conditions: Immediate and Contingent Reward (ICR), where game progression is contingent upon successful tic suppression, and Delayed Reward (DR), where game events' outcomes are random. Employing a randomized crossover design, 35 participants (aged 7-15 years) underwent daily gaming sessions over a week per condition. Improvements in our primary measures, including the inter-tic interval (ITI) and tic severity assessment by blinded evaluators (Yale Global Tic Severity-Total Tic Score [YGTSS-TTS], Rush), and parents (Parent Tic Questionnaire [PTQ]), were compared between ICR and DR, and assessed across conditions for the 4-week protocol. RESULTS No participant voluntarily left the study before completing its two-phase protocol. As expected, ITI showed significantly larger improvement (Z = 4.19, P = 2.85 × 10-5) after ICR (1442 ± 2250%) versus DR (242 ± 493%) training, increasing at a higher pace (t(67) = 3.15, P = 0.0025). Similarly, Rush tic severity scores reduced more post-ICR versus DR (t(47) = 3.47, P = 0.002). We observed a clinically significant reduction of 25.69 ± 23.39% in YGTSS-TTS following a f4-week protocol including both conditions. Parent-reported tic severity decreased by 42.99 ± 31.69% from baseline to 3 months post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS The combination of gamified tic-triggering with immediate and contingent rewards demonstrates a promising approach for enhancing treatment efficacy in TDs, boosting traditional therapeutic methods. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Rotstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Child Development Institute, The Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel
- The Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Yael Ben-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yuval Koryto
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Romi Sion
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Rubinstein
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Meshi Djerassi
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitzan Lubiniaker
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tammy Pilowsky Peleg
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Neuropsychological Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Tamar Steinberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Matta and Harry Freund Neuropsychiatric Tourette Clinic, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Leitner
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Child Development Institute, The Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel
- The Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Raz
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Steve Tisch School of Film and Television, Faculty of the Arts, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Kandell RM, Wu JR, Kwon EJ. Reprograming Clots for In Vivo Chemical Targeting in Traumatic Brain Injury. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301738. [PMID: 38780012 PMCID: PMC11293973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health concern, yet there are no therapeutics available to improve long-term outcomes. Drug delivery to TBI remains a challenge due to the blood-brain barrier and increased intracranial pressure. In this work, a chemical targeting approach to improve delivery of materials to the injured brain, is developed. It is hypothesized that the provisional fibrin matrix can be harnessed as an injury-specific scaffold that can be targeted by materials via click chemistry. To accomplish this, the brain clot is engineered in situ by delivering fibrinogen modified with strained cyclooctyne (SCO) moieties, which incorporated into the injury lesion and is retained there for days. Improved intra-injury capture and retention of diverse, clickable azide-materials including a small molecule azide-dye, 40 kDa azide-PEG nanomaterial, and a therapeutic azide-protein in multiple dosing regimens is subsequently observed. To demonstrate therapeutic translation of this approach, a reduction in reactive oxygen species levels in the injured brain after delivery of the antioxidant catalase, is achieved. Further, colocalization between azide and SCO-fibrinogen is specific to the brain over off-target organs. Taken together, a chemical targeting strategy leveraging endogenous clot formation is established which can be applied to improve therapeutic delivery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Kandell
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jason R. Wu
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ester J. Kwon
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Zhao W, Jia Z, Bauman WA, Qin Y, Peng Y, Chen Z, Cardozo CP, Wang D, Qin W. Targeted-delivery of nanomedicine-enabled methylprednisolone to injured spinal cord promotes neuroprotection and functional recovery after acute spinal cord injury in rats. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 60:102761. [PMID: 38871068 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
To date, no therapy has been proven to be efficacious in fully restoring neurological functions after spinal cord injury (SCI). Systemic high-dose methylprednisolone (MP) improves neurological recovery after acute SCI in both animal and human. MP therapy remains controversial due to its modest effect on functional recovery and significant adverse effects. To overcome the limitation of MP therapy, we have developed a N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer-based MP prodrug nanomedicine (Nano-MP) that can selectively deliver MP to the SCI lesion when administered systemically in a rat model of acute SCI. Our in vivo data reveal that Nano-MP is significantly more effective than free MP in attenuating secondary injuries and neuronal apoptosis. Nano-MP is superior to free MP in improving functional recovery after acute SCI in rats. These data support Nano-MP as a promising neurotherapeutic candidate, which may provide potent neuroprotection and accelerate functional recovery with improved safety for patients with acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William A Bauman
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Yiwen Qin
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; GCM Grosvenor, New York, USA
| | - Yuanzhen Peng
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Zihao Chen
- Departments of Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Weiping Qin
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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Colombo RB, Maxit C, Martinelli D, Anderson M, Masone D, Mayorga L. PURA and GLUT1: Sweet partners for brain health. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167261. [PMID: 38777099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURA, also known as Pur-alpha, is an evolutionarily conserved DNA/RNA-binding protein crucial for various cellular processes, including DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and translational control. Comprising three PUR domains, it engages with nucleic acids and has a role in protein-protein interactions. The manifestation of PURA syndrome, arising from mutations in the PURA gene, presents neurologically with developmental delay, hypotonia, and seizures. In our prior work from 2018, we highlighted the unique case of a PURA patient displaying hypoglycorrhachia, suggesting a potential association with GLUT1 dysfunction in this syndrome. In this current study, we expand the patient cohort with PURA mutations exhibiting hypoglycorrhachia and aim to unravel the molecular basis of this phenomenon. We established an in vitro model in HeLa cells to modulate PURA expression and investigated GLUT1 function and expression. Our findings indicate that PURA levels directly impact glucose uptake through the functioning of GLUT1, without influencing significantly GLUT1 expression. Moreover, our study reveals evidence for a possible physical interaction between PURA and GLUT1, demonstrated by colocalization and co-immunoprecipitation of both proteins. Computational analyses, employing molecular dynamics, further corroborates these findings, demonstrating that PURA:GLUT1 interactions are plausible, and that the stability of the complex is altered when PURA is truncated and/or mutated. In conclusion, our results suggest that PURA plays a pivotal role in driving the function of GLUT1 for glucose uptake, potentially forming a regulatory complex. Additional investigations are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms governing this complex and its significance in ensuring proper GLUT1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío B Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad De Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Clarisa Maxit
- Servicio de Neurología infantil, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mel Anderson
- PURA Foundation Australia, Plenty Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego Masone
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Lía Mayorga
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Neurología Infantojuvenil (Neuroinfan), Mendoza, Argentina.
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Hacker BJ, Imms PE, Dharani AM, Zhu J, Chowdhury NF, Chaudhari NN, Irimia A. Identification and Connectomic Profiling of Concussion Using Bayesian Machine Learning. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:1883-1900. [PMID: 38482793 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate early diagnosis of concussion is useful to prevent sequelae and improve neurocognitive outcomes. Early after head impact, concussion diagnosis may be doubtful in persons whose neurological, neuroradiological, and/or neurocognitive examinations are equivocal. Such individuals can benefit from novel accurate assessments that complement clinical diagnostics. We introduce a Bayesian machine learning classifier to identify concussion through cortico-cortical connectome mapping from magnetic resonance imaging in persons with quasi-normal cognition and without neuroradiological findings. Classifier features are generated from connectivity matrices specifying the mean fractional anisotropy of white matter connections linking brain structures. Each connection's saliency to classification was quantified by training individual classifier instantiations using a single feature type. The classifier was tested on a discovery sample of 92 healthy controls (HCs; 26 females, age μ ± σ: 39.8 ± 15.5 years) and 471 adult mTBI patients (158 females, age μ ± σ: 38.4 ± 5.9 years). Results were replicated in an independent validation sample of 256 HCs (149 females, age μ ± σ: 55.3 ± 12.1 years) and 126 patients with concussion (46 females, age μ ± σ: 39.0 ± 17.7 years). Classifier accuracy exceeds 99% in both samples, suggesting robust generalizability to new samples. Notably, 13 bilateral cortico-cortical connection pairs predict diagnostic status with accuracy exceeding 99% in both discovery and validation samples. Many such connection pairs are between prefrontal cortex structures, fronto-limbic and fronto-subcortical structures, and occipito-temporal structures in the ventral ("what") visual stream. This and related connectivity form a highly salient network of brain connections that is particularly vulnerable to concussion. Because these connections are important in mediating cognitive control, memory, and attention, our findings explain the high frequency of cognitive disturbances after concussion. Our classifier was trained and validated on concussed participants with cognitive profiles very similar to those of HCs. This suggests that the classifier can complement current diagnostics by providing independent information in clinical contexts where patients have quasi-normal cognition but where concussion diagnosis stands to benefit from additional evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Hacker
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Phoebe E Imms
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ammar M Dharani
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica Zhu
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nahian F Chowdhury
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nikhil N Chaudhari
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Alekseeva TM, Topuzova MP, Kulikov VP, Kovzelev PD, Kosenko MG, Tregub PP. Hypercapnic hypoxia as a rehabilitation method for patients after ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2024; 46:695-705. [PMID: 38643375 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2343510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experimental studies on animals have demonstrated a higher neuroprotective efficacy of hypercapnic hypoxia compared to normocapnic hypoxia. Respiratory training with hypercapnic hypoxia has shown a positive impact on the functional state of the nervous system in children with cerebral palsy (CP). It can be presumed that the combined effect of moderate hypercapnia and hypoxia will be promising for clinical application within the context of early rehabilitation after ischemic stroke. METHODS A randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on 102 patients with ischemic stroke, aged 63.07 ± 12.1 years. All patients were diagnosed with ischemic stroke based on neuroimaging criteria and/or clinical criteria within the 48-72 hour timeframe. The experimental group (n = 50) underwent daily respiratory training with hypercapnic hypoxia (FetCO2 5-6%, FetO2 15-16%) using the 'Carbonic' device for 7-11 sessions of 20 minutes each day during the treatment process. The control group (placebo, n = 52) underwent training on a similar device modified for breathing atmospheric air. Neurological examinations were conducted on all patients before the study and on the day after completing the training course. RESULTS The standard treatment demonstrated effectiveness in terms of neurological status scales in both groups. Intermittent exposure to hypercapnic hypoxia proved more effective in improving neurological function indicators in patients compared to the placebo group: NIHSS scale scores were 40% lower than in the placebo group (p < 0.001); mRS scale scores were 35% lower (p < 0.001); B-ADL-I and RMI indices were higher by 26% (p < 0.01) and 36% (p < 0.001), respectively; MoCA scale results were 13% higher (p < 0.05); HADS and BDI-II scale scores were lower by 35% (p < 0.05) and 25% (p < 0.05), respectively. The increase in MMSE scale scores in the intervention group was 54% higher (p < 0.001), and MoCA scale scores increased by 25% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Respiratory training with hypercapnic hypoxia improves the functional state of the nervous system in patients with ischemic stroke. After conducting further clarifying studies, hypercapnic hypoxia can be considered as an effective method of neurorehabilitation, which can be used as early as 48-72 hours after the onset of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Alekseeva
- Department of Neurology with Clinic, V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria P Topuzova
- Department of Neurology with Clinic, V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Kulikov
- Department of Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Pavel D Kovzelev
- Department of Neurology with Clinic, Smart Clinic ltd, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mark G Kosenko
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel P Tregub
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center "Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis", RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
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Qiu F, Huang Y, Dziegielewska KM, Habgood MD, Saunders NR. Effects of co-administration of lamotrigine on valproate transfer across the placenta and its brain entry in developing Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4536-4551. [PMID: 38978299 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
During development, embryos and foetuses may be exposed to maternally ingested antiseizure medications (ASM), valproate and lamotrigine, essential in some patients to control their epilepsy symptoms. Often, the two drugs are co-administered to reduce required doses of valproate, a known potential teratogen. This study used Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg to evaluate transfer of valproate and lamotrigine across late gestation placenta and their entry into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain of developing rats, in mono- and combination therapies. Animals at embryonic day (E) 19, postnatal day (P) 0, 4 and 21, and adults were administered valproate (30 mg/kg) or lamotrigine (6 mg/kg) with their respective [3H]-tracers, either alone or in combination. In chronic experiments, females consumed valproate-containing diet from 2 weeks prior to mating until offspring were used at E19 and P0. Drugs were injected 30 min before blood, CSF and brain samples were collected from terminally anaesthetised animals. Radioactivity in samples was measured. In acute monotherapy brain entry of valproate was higher in foetal than postnatal animals, correlating with its plasma protein binding. Brain entry of lamotrigine was not age-dependent. Combination therapy enhanced entry of lamotrigine into the adult brain but had no effects on brain and CSF entry of valproate. Following chronic valproate exposure, placental transfer of valproate decreased in combination therapy; however, foetal brain entry increased. Results suggest that during pregnancy, the use of combination therapy of valproate and lamotrigine may mitigate overall foetal exposure to valproate but potential risks to foetal brain development are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Qiu
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katarzyna M Dziegielewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark D Habgood
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Norman R Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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45
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Savage WM, Yeary MD, Tang AJ, Sperring CP, Argenziano MG, Adapa AR, Yoh N, Canoll P, Bruce JN. Biomarkers of immunotherapy in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Pract 2024; 11:383-394. [PMID: 39006524 PMCID: PMC11241363 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer, comprising half of all malignant brain tumors. Patients with GBM have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 14-15 months. Current therapies for GBM, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection, remain inadequate. Novel therapies are required to extend patient survival. Although immunotherapy has shown promise in other cancers, including melanoma and non-small lung cancer, its efficacy in GBM has been limited to subsets of patients. Identifying biomarkers of immunotherapy response in GBM could help stratify patients, identify new therapeutic targets, and develop more effective treatments. This article reviews existing and emerging biomarkers of clinical response to immunotherapy in GBM. The scope of this review includes immune checkpoint inhibitor and antitumoral vaccination approaches, summarizing the variety of molecular, cellular, and computational methodologies that have been explored in the setting of anti-GBM immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Savage
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell D Yeary
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony J Tang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin P Sperring
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Argenziano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arjun R Adapa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Yoh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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46
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Zhou KQ, Dhillon SK, Bennet L, Davidson JO, Gunn AJ. How do we reach the goal of personalized medicine for neuroprotection in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy? Semin Perinatol 2024; 48:151930. [PMID: 38910063 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia is now standard of care for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in high income countries (HIC). Conversely, compelling trial evidence suggests that hypothermia is ineffective, and may be deleterious, in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), likely reflecting the lower proportion of infants who had sentinel events at birth, suggesting that injury had advanced to a stage when hypothermia is no longer effective. Although hypothermia significantly reduced the risk of death and disability in HICs, many infants survived with disability and in principle may benefit from targeted add-on neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapies. The present review will assess biomarkers that could be used to personalize treatment for babies with HIE - to determine first whether an individual infant is likely to respond to hypothermia, and second, whether additional treatments may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Q Zhou
- Dept of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simerdeep K Dhillon
- Dept of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Dept of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- Dept of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Dept of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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47
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Xu W, Borges K. Case for supporting astrocyte energetics in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome. Epilepsia 2024; 65:2213-2226. [PMID: 38767952 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), glucose transport into brain is reduced due to impaired Glut1 function in endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier. This can lead to shortages of glucose in brain and is thought to contribute to seizures. Ketogenic diets are the first-line treatment and, among many beneficial effects, provide auxiliary fuel in the form of ketone bodies that are largely metabolized by neurons. However, Glut1 is also the main glucose transporter in astrocytes. Here, we review data indicating that glucose shortage may also impact astrocytes in addition to neurons and discuss the expected negative biochemical consequences of compromised astrocytic glucose transport for neurons. Based on these effects, auxiliary fuels are needed for both cell types and adding medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) to ketogenic diets is a biochemically superior treatment for Glut1DS compared to classical ketogenic diets. MCTs provide medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are largely metabolized by astrocytes and not neurons. MCFAs supply energy and contribute carbons for glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis, and decanoic acid can also block α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors. MCTs do not compete with metabolism of ketone bodies mostly occurring in neurons. Triheptanoin, an anaplerotic but also gluconeogenic uneven MCT, may be another potential addition to ketogenic diets, although maintenance of "ketosis" can be difficult. Gene therapy has also targeted both endothelial cells and astrocytes. Other approaches to increase fuel delivery to the brain currently investigated include exchange of Glut1DS erythrocytes with healthy cells, infusion of lactate, and pharmacological improvement of glucose transport. In conclusion, although it remains difficult to assess impaired astrocytic energy metabolism in vivo, astrocytic energy needs are most likely not met by ketogenic diets in Glut1DS. Thus, we propose prospective studies including monitoring of blood MCFA levels to find optimal doses for add-on MCT to ketogenic diets and assessing of short- and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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48
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Elshebiney SA, Elgohary RA, El-Shamarka ME, Mabrouk M, Beheri HH. A novel tramadol-polycaprolactone implant could palliate heroin conditioned place preference and withdrawal in rats: behavioral and neurochemical study. Behav Pharmacol 2024; 35:280-292. [PMID: 38900102 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Drug dependence is a chronic brain disease characterized by craving and recurrent episodes of relapse. Tramadol HCl is a promising agent for withdrawal symptoms management, considering its relatively low abuse potential and safety. Oral administration, however, is not preferred in abstinence maintenance programs. Introducing an implantable, long-lasting formula is suggested to help outpatient abstinence programs achieve higher rates of treatment continuation. Tramadol implants (T350 and T650) were prepared on polycaprolactone polymer ribbons by the wet method. Male Wistar rats were adapted to heroin-conditioned place preference (CPP) at escalating doses (3-30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, for 14 days). Implants were surgically implanted in the back skin of rats. After 14 days, the CPP score was recorded. Naloxone (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was used to induce withdrawal on day 15, and symptoms were scored. Elevated plus maze and open field tests were performed for anxiety-related symptoms. Striata were analyzed for neurochemical changes reflected in dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin levels. Brain oxidative changes including glutathione and lipid peroxides were assessed. The tramadol implants (T350 and T650) reduced heroin CPP and limited naloxone-induced withdrawal symptoms. The striata showed increased levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and serotonin and decreased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine after heroin withdrawal induction, which were reversed after implanting T350 and T650. Implants restore the brain oxidative state. Nonsignificant low naloxone-induced withdrawal score after the implant was used in naive subjects indicating low abuse potential of the implants. The presented tramadol implants were effective at diminishing heroin CPP and withdrawal in rats, suggesting further investigations for application in the management of opioid withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A Elshebiney
- Narcotics, Ergogenics, and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (NRC)
| | - Rania A Elgohary
- Narcotics, Ergogenics, and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (NRC)
| | - Marwa E El-Shamarka
- Narcotics, Ergogenics, and Poisons Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (NRC)
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Beheri
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
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49
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Sharallah OA, Poddar NK, Alwadan OA. Delineation of the role of G6PD in Alzheimer's disease and potential enhancement through microfluidic and nanoparticle approaches. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102394. [PMID: 38950868 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathologic entity characterized by the abnormal presence of tau and macromolecular Aβ deposition that leads to the degeneration or death of neurons. In addition to that, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has a multifaceted role in the process of AD development, where it can be used as both a marker and a target. G6PD activity is dysregulated due to its contribution to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. In this context, the current review presents a vivid depiction of recent findings on the relationship between AD progression and changes in the expression or activity of G6PD. The efficacy of the proposed G6PD-based therapeutics has been demonstrated in multiple studies using AD mouse models as representative animal model systems for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration associated with this disease. Innovative therapeutic insights are made for the boosting of G6PD activity via novel innovative nanotechnology and microfluidics tools in drug administration technology. Such approaches provide innovative methods of surpassing the blood-brain barrier, targeting step-by-step specific neural pathways, and overcoming biochemical disturbances that accompany AD. Using different nanoparticles loaded with G6DP to target specific organs, e.g., G6DP-loaded liposomes, enhances BBB penetration and brain distribution of G6DP. Many nanoparticles, which are used for different purposes, are briefly discussed in the paper. Such methods to mimic BBB on organs on-chip offer precise disease modeling and drug testing using microfluidic chips, requiring lower sample amounts and producing faster findings compared to conventional techniques. There are other contributions to microfluid in AD that are discussed briefly. However, there are some limitations accompanying microfluidics that need to be worked on to be used for AD. This study aims to bridge the gap in understanding AD with the synergistic use of promising technologies; microfluid and nanotechnology for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnya A Sharallah
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
| | - Omnia A Alwadan
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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50
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Tyagi S, Thakur AK. Effect of Capsaicin on 3-NP-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Pre-Clinical Study. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2038-2059. [PMID: 38814358 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The study objectives are to investigate the ability of capsaicin to revert the toxic effects in glutamate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity in Neuro2a (N2a) cells as well as thwarting cognitive impairments, mitochondrial deficits, and oxidative insults induced by 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-NP) in a rodent model of Huntington's disease. In-vitro study with N2a cells was performed through MTT and LDH assay and their biochemical examinations were also performed. 3-NP-administered mice (n = 6) were treated with capsaicin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) through the per-oral (p.o.) route for 7 consecutive days. Physiological and behavioral studies were performed in drug-treated mice. After behavioral studies, biochemical parameters were performed for cytokines levels, various oxidative stress parameters, and mitochondrial enzyme complex activities with mitochondrial permeability. N2a cells treated with capsaicin demonstrated neuroprotective effects and reduced neurotoxicity. Based on experimental observation, in an in-vitro study, the effective dose of CAP was 50 µM. Moreover, a 100 µM dose of capsaicin had toxic effects on neuronal cells (N2a cells). On the other hand, the effective dose of 3-NP was 20 mg/kg, (p.o.) in animals (in-vivo). All tested doses of capsaicin upturned the cognitive impairment and motor in-coordination effects induced by 3-NP. 3-NP-injected mice demonstrated substantially increased pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, defective mitochondrial complex activity, and augmented oxidative insult. However, capsaicin at different doses reduced oxidative damage and cytokines levels and improved mitochondrial complex activity along with mitochondrial permeability. Furthermore, capsaicin (10 and 20 mg/kg) improved the TNF-α concentration. These findings suggested because of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, capsaicin can be considered a novel treatment for the management of neurodegenerative disorders by reverting the antioxidant enzyme activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration, and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Tyagi
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Thakur
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India.
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