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Yan X, Bedillion MF, Claus ED, Huang-Pollock C, Ansell EB. Sex differences in the prospective association of excessively long reaction times and hazardous cannabis use at six months. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 20:100558. [PMID: 39027408 PMCID: PMC11252613 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The neurocognitive risk mechanisms predicting divergent outcomes likely differ between men and women who use cannabis recreationally. Increasingly, the use of descriptive distributions including the ex-Gaussian has been applied to draw stronger inferences about neurocognitive health in clinical populations. The current project examines whether the long tail of reaction times (RTs) in a distribution, as characterized by the ex-Gaussian parameter tau which may represent difficulty with the regulation of arousal, predicts problematic cannabis use 6 months later in those who use cannabis recreationally, and whether sex moderates these prospective associations. Method Young adults (ages 18-30, mean age 20.5 years, N =159, 57.2% women, 69.2% Caucasian) who recreationally used cannabis either occasionally (at least once per month) or frequently (three times or more per week) completed the Stroop Color-Word Task at baseline. Ex-Gaussian parameter tau was estimated for each participant. Self-report of hazardous cannabis use (CUDIT-R) and dysregulation of negative (DERS) and positive emotions (DERS-Positive) were obtained at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Results For those with larger tau at baseline, being a man (but not a woman) was associated with increased difficulty regulating positive emotions concurrently (b = -0.01, F (1,159) = 5.48, p = 0.02), and with hazardous cannabis use six months later (b = -0.007, F (1,159) = 4.42, p = 0.037) after controlling for baseline hazardous cannabis use. Conclusions Excessively long RTs during cognitive performance may help characterize men at risk for increased hazardous use, which contributes to understanding between-sex heterogeneity in pathways towards cannabis use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Margaret F. Bedillion
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Eric D. Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | | | - Emily B. Ansell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
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Caldwell J, Gopal K, Ortu D, Miller S. Electrophysiological auditory measures to identify potential cortical markers of tinnitus. Brain Res 2024; 1842:149100. [PMID: 38942351 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Tinnitus, or the perception of a sound in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus, is a common condition that cannot yet be objectively diagnosed. Current diagnostic tests of tinnitus consist of case history and behavioral measures that rely on subjective responses. This study examined electrophysiological measures, specifically the auditory late response (ALR), mismatch negativity (MMN), and P300 as potential neural biomarkers of tinnitus in both a tinnitus and non-tinnitus control group while utilizing the pitch-matched tinnitus frequencies as the test stimuli. Results of this study found differences in MMN amplitudes and area under the curve, and in P300 topographic maps between tinnitus and control subjects. The differences in MMN responses across groups suggest that dysfunctional processing of acoustic stimuli located near the tinnitus frequency in individuals with tinnitus manifests as soon as 200 ms after initial onset of the stimulus. In addition, results from a global field power analysis and differences in spatial distributions on topographical maps indicate that deficits persist through higher levels of cortical processing. A secondary goal of this study was to determine if electrophysiological measures correlated with reported tinnitus severity on questionnaires. This analysis indicated that P2 latency was a significant predictor of Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and percent of the time participant's tinnitus was considered bothersome, suggesting that this measure could potentially be used to assess the efficacy of treatment programs for tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Caldwell
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.
| | - Kamakshi Gopal
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Daniele Ortu
- Department of Behavior Analysis, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Sharon Miller
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, The University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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Young K, Ekberg S, Cashion C, Hassall T, Bradford N. Quality of life and family functioning 12 months after diagnosis of childhood brain tumour: A longitudinal cohort study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31199. [PMID: 39010651 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wellbeing of a child with brain tumour is affected by several factors. We present the first investigation of quality of life and family functioning in a parent and child across the first 12 months after diagnosis, examining potential factors to guide the provision of psychosocial resources to families who most need them. PROCEDURE Data were collected from parents/carers in Queensland, Australia, from 2020 to 2023. Child (parent/carer-proxy reported) and carer quality of life was assessed across three timepoints (repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and by five potential co-variates (mixed between-within ANOVA). Family functioning was assessed across two timepoints (repeated-measures t-test), and by potential co-variates (repeated measures ANOVA). Univariate relationships were explored with Pearson's correlation coefficient; significant relationships were entered into multiple regression models. RESULTS Ninety-six diverse families were represented. Quality of life (child, carer) and family functioning did not change across time. Children from households with lower income reported worse cognitive difficulties (p = .023) and pain and hurt (p = .013) than those from a higher income. Caregiver quality of life was poorer for those whose child had received chemotherapy and/or radiation, was aged less than 4 years at diagnosis, and had a lower household income. At 12 months, caregiver quality of life was correlated with family functioning (r = -.45, p < .001), with positive adaptation being a significant key predictor (beta = -.66, p < .005). CONCLUSIONS The following factors indicate a need for increased early psychosocial support: cognitive difficulties, aged <4 years at diagnosis, receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation, and low household income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Young
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Kelvin Grove, Australia
- Children's Brain Cancer Centre at the Centre for Children's Health Research, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stuart Ekberg
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Kelvin Grove, Australia
- Children's Brain Cancer Centre at the Centre for Children's Health Research, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, Colleges of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christine Cashion
- Children's Brain Cancer Centre at the Centre for Children's Health Research, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Government, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy Hassall
- Children's Brain Cancer Centre at the Centre for Children's Health Research, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Government, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalie Bradford
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Kelvin Grove, Australia
- Children's Brain Cancer Centre at the Centre for Children's Health Research, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
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Miller J. Estimating the proportions and latencies of reaction time outliers: A pooling method and case study of lexical decision tasks. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7280-7306. [PMID: 38811517 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A methodological problem in most reaction time (RT) studies is that some measured RTs may be outliers-that is, they may be very fast or very slow for reasons unconnected to the task-related processing of interest. Numerous ad hoc methods have been suggested to discriminate between such outliers and the valid RTs of interest, but it is extremely difficult to determine how well these methods work in practice because virtually nothing is known about the actual characteristics of outliers in real RT datasets. This article proposes a new method of pooling cumulative distribution function values for examining empirical RT distributions to assess both the proportions of outliers and their latencies relative to those of the valid RTs. As the method is developed, its strengths and weaknesses are examined using simulations based on previously suggested ad hoc models for RT outliers with particular assumed proportions and distributions of valid RTs and outliers. The method is then applied to several large RT datasets from lexical decision tasks, and the results provide the first empirically based description of outlier RTs. For these datasets, fewer than 1% of the RTs seem to be outliers, and the median outlier latency appears to be approximately 4-6 standard deviations of RT above the mean of the valid RT distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Xu A, Son JY, Sandhofer CM. A library for innovative category exemplars (ALICE) database: Streamlining research with printable 3D novel objects. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7849-7871. [PMID: 39093530 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces A Library for Innovative Category Exemplars (ALICE) database, a resource that enhances research efficiency in cognitive and developmental studies by providing printable 3D objects representing 30 novel categories. Our research consists of three experiments to validate the novelty and complexity of the objects in ALICE. Experiment 1 assessed the novelty of objects through adult participants' subjective familiarity ratings and agreement on object naming and descriptions. The results confirm the general novelty of the objects. Experiment 2 employed multidimensional scaling (MDS) to analyze perceived similarities between objects, revealing a three-dimensional structure based solely on shape, indicative of their complexity. Experiment 3 used two clustering techniques to categorize objects: k-means clustering for creating nonoverlapping global categories, and hierarchical clustering for allowing global categories that overlap and have a hierarchical structure. Through stability tests, we verified the robustness of each clustering method and observed a moderate to good consensus between them, affirming the strength of our dual approach in effectively and accurately delineating meaningful object categories. By offering easy access to customizable novel stimuli, ALICE provides a practical solution to the challenges of creating novel physical objects for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Ji Y Son
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Catherine M Sandhofer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Wang J, Xu J, Wu P, Ye YX, Lai Y, Wang Y, Dong Y, Zhao B, Hu Y, Liu G, Pan A, Pan XF. Association of trajectories and cumulative exposure of antenatal depression with high birth weight. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:334-340. [PMID: 38925304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent associations between antenatal depression and fetal birth weight were reported previously, and little is known about the dynamic changes and long-term cumulative effect of antenatal depression during pregnancy. METHODS Participants were from the Tongji-Huaxi-Shuangliu Birth Cohort. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in early, middle, and late pregnancy respectively. Trajectories of antenatal depression were assessed using the latent class mixed model. The percentage of days with depression (PDD) and frequency of antenatal depression were measured to assess the cumulative exposure. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of antenatal depression with macrosomia and large for gestational age (LGA). RESULTS We identified four distinct trajectories, including the low stable group (n = 1,327, 27.99 %), the moderate stable group (n = 2,610, 55.05 %), the peak group (n = 407, 8.58 %), and the valley group (n = 397, 8.37 %). Compared with the low stable group, the valley group showed a higher risk of macrosomia (OR, 1.98; 95 % CI, 1.17, 3.38) and LGA (OR, 1.44; 95 % CI, 1.002, 2.09); the peak group showed a higher risk of LGA (OR, 1.52; 95 % CI, 1.07, 2.16), but the association was not significant for macrosomia (OR, 1.47; 95 % CI, 0.85, 2.55). Consistently, cumulative antenatal depression was also positively associated with the risks of macrosomia and LGA. LIMITATION The antenatal depression was self-reported using a screening scale and information bias could not be ruled out. CONCLUSION Certain trajectories and cumulative exposure of antenatal depression were associated with higher risks of high birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiajing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuwei Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yidan Dong
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Health & Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children & National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Antenatal Care Clinics, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Yayi Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Health & Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children & National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products In Vitro and In Vivo Correlation, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Shuangliu Institute of Women's and Children's Health, Shuangliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, China.
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Regassa DA, Berihun GA, Habtu BF, Haile WB, Nagaash RS, Kiya GT. Platelet indices as predictors of poor glucoregulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus adults at Bishoftu General Hospital, Ethiopia. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1889-1902. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i9.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a chronic metabolic syndrome that has become a global public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. It is a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic condition characterized by increased platelet activation and alterations in platelet indices. However, the use of platelet indices as predictors of poor glucoregulation has not been fully evaluated in this context, and evidence for their role as predictors of poor glycemic status in diabetic patients is limited.
AIM To evaluate platelet indices and determine their prognostic significance in relation to inadequate glucoregulation among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at Bishoftu General Hospital in Ethiopia, from June 15 to August 12, 2022.
METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 261 participants including 174 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 87 non-diabetic controls. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select par-ticipants. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, physical measurements, checklists, and laboratory tests. Platelet parameters and fasting blood glucose levels were determined from blood samples using Sysmex-XN550 and CobasC311 analyzers, respectively. The hematology analyzer output was checked and participants were also screened for malaria parasites using a prepared blood smear. Collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. The χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, post hoc test, Spearman correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curve were used for analysis. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS The results of our study indicate that diabetic patients have significantly higher levels of platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet large cell ratio (PLCR), and plateletcrit (PCT) compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Furthermore, these indices were found to be significantly elevated in individuals with poor glycemic control in T2DM compared to those with good glycemic control and healthy controls. We also observed significant correlations between these indices and various anthropometric and clinical variables. Our findings suggest that PDW, with a cut-off value of 15.75 fL and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.803, MPV, with a cut-off value of 12.25 fL and an AUC of 0.774, PLCR, with a cut-off value of 36.3% and an AUC of 0.775, and PCT, with a cut-off value of 0.24% and an AUC of 0.761, can serve as predictors of poor glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSION The observed correlation between diabetic patients and a significant increase in platelet indices has highlighted their potential as predictors of poor glycemic control in diabetes. Therefore, regular screening and profiling of platelet indices is recommended as part of the follow-up process for individuals with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Abebe Regassa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite 11330, Ethiopia
| | | | - Bisrat Fikadu Habtu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite 11330, Ethiopia
| | - Woyesa Beyene Haile
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa 3000, Ethiopia
| | - Rahel Shumi Nagaash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite 11330, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Tesfaye Kiya
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma 47, Ethiopia
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8
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O'Neal RA, Carpenter MJ, Wahlquist AE, Leavens ELS, Smith TT, Fahey MC. The prospective relationship between a-priori intentions for and patterns of e-cigarette use among adults who smoke cigarettes. Addict Behav 2024; 156:108067. [PMID: 38823347 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic (e-)cigarettes may help adult cigarette smokers achieve cigarette cessation, depending on patterns of e-cigarette use. Among cigarette smokers who do not use e-cigarettes, it is unclear if and how a-priori intentions for use are related to uptake patterns. Longitudinal studies have focused on established e-cigarette users or adolescent and young adult populations exclusively. METHODS Within a nationwide randomized clinical trial (N = 638), adult cigarette smokers not currently using e-cigarettes were randomized (2:1) to receive (or not) one-month sampling of e-cigarettes. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on an established 15-item measure assessing a-priori intentions for e-cigarette use to identify latent variables. Among those receiving e-cigarette products, regression models examined relationships between intentions and: 1) uptake (yes/no), 2) frequency (number of days per week), and 3) amount (puffing episodes per day) of e-cigarette use at one-month follow-up. RESULTS Two factors emerged from the EFA: 1) cigarette-related intentions (e.g., cigarette cessation, no smell) and 2) novel appeal of e-cigarettes (e.g., flavors). Three items remained and were treated as separate intentions: "feels like cigarette smoking", "curiosity", and "affordability". In the final multivariable models, "feel like cigarette smoking" predicted more frequent e-cigarette use (β = 0.187, SE = 0.086, p = 0.03); however, none of the five factors/intentions were significantly associated with uptake or amount of use. CONCLUSIONS For adult cigarette smokers not currently using e-cigarettes, a-priori intentions for using e-cigarettes might not be predictive of if or how these products will be used in the future, suggesting that motives may not drive use behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A O'Neal
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, United States
| | - Amy E Wahlquist
- Center for Rural Health Research, East Tennessee State University, United States
| | - Eleanor L S Leavens
- Department of Population Health, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, United States; The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States
| | - Tracy T Smith
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), United States; Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, United States
| | - Margaret C Fahey
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), United States.
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Coco L, Leon K, Navarro C, Piper R, Carvajal S, Marrone N. "Close to My Community": A Qualitative Study of Community Health Worker-Supported Teleaudiology Hearing Aid Services. Ear Hear 2024; 45:1191-1201. [PMID: 38812073 PMCID: PMC11333189 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given well-documented disparities in rural and minority communities, alternative service delivery models that help improve access to hearing care are needed. This article reports on a study of older Latino adults with hearing loss who received hearing aid services with Community Health Workers (CHWs) providing support via teleaudiology. The present study used qualitative data to explore perceptions of this novel service delivery model. DESIGN Participants completed semistructured interviews related to their experiences in the intervention approximately 17 weeks after the hearing aid fitting appointment. Two coders independently coded the data, using an iterative deductive and inductive thematic analysis approach. Inter-rater reliability was good (κ = 0.80). RESULTS Of the 28 participants, 19 were interviewed (CHW group: n = 9, 8 females; non-CHW group: n = 10, 9 females). Both groups of participants reported experiencing barriers in access to care and reported positive experiences with teleaudiology and with hearing aids as part of the trial. CHW group participants reported interactions with patient-site facilitators that were indicative of patient-centeredness. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of trained CHWs as patient-site facilitators in teleaudiology-delivered hearing aid services for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Coco
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kimberly Leon
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Rosie Piper
- Mariposa Community Health Center, Nogales, AZ
| | - Scott Carvajal
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Nicole Marrone
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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10
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Li JL, Xu Y, Xiang YS, Wu P, Shen AJ, Wang PJ, Wang F. The Value of Amide Proton Transfer MRI in the Diagnosis of Malignant and Benign Urinary Bladder Lesions: Comparison With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:1124-1133. [PMID: 38174777 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has certain limitations in distinguishing between malignant and benign urinary bladder (UB) lesions. Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging may provide more diagnostic information than diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to distinguish between malignant and benign UB. PURPOSE To investigate the potential of APT imaging in the diagnosis of malignant and benign UB lesions and to compare its diagnostic efficacy with that of conventional DWI. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Eighty patients with UB lesions. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T/turbo spin echo (TSE) T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging, single-shot echo planar DWI, and three-dimensional TSE APT imaging. ASSESSMENT Patients underwent radical cystectomy or transurethral resection of the bladder lesions within 2 weeks after CT urography and MRI examination. APT signal intensity in UB lesions was quantified by the asymmetric magnetization transfer ratio (MTRasym). MTRasym and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured and compared between malignant and benign UB lesions. STATISTICAL TESTS Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), Delong test, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The significance threshold was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Thirty-two patients had pathologically confirmed benign UB lesions, including 2 bladder leiomyomas, 1 submucosal amyloidosis, 1 inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and 28 inflammatory lesions, and 48 patients had pathologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma. Urothelial carcinomas showed significantly higher MTRasym values (1.53% [0.74%] vs. 0.85% [0.23%]) and significantly lower ADC values (1.24 ± 0.34 × 10-3 mm2/s vs. 1.43 ± 0.22 × 10-3 mm2/s) than benign UB lesions. The MTRasym value (AUC = 0.928) was significantly better in differentiating urothelial carcinoma from benign UB lesions than the ADC value (AUC = 0.722). DATA CONCLUSION APT imaging may have value in discriminating malignant from benign UB lesions and has better diagnostic performance than DWI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lu Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Xiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Jun Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Jun Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Solini HM, Rosopa EB, Rosopa PJ, Pagano CC. Quantifying accuracy on distance estimation tasks: A Monte Carlo study. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6198-6222. [PMID: 38504080 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
An important aspect of perceptual learning involves understanding how well individuals can perceive distances, sizes, and time-to-contact. Oftentimes, the primary goal in these experiments is to assess participants' errors (i.e., how accurately participants perform these tasks). However, the manner in which researchers have quantified error, or task accuracy, has varied. The use of different measures of task accuracy, to include error scores, ratios, and raw estimates, indicates that the interpretation of findings depends on the measure of task accuracy utilized. In an effort to better understand this issue, we used a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate five dependent measures of accuracy: raw distance judgments, a ratio of true to estimated distance judgments, relative error, signed error, and absolute error. We simulated data consistent with prior findings in the distance perception literature and evaluated how findings and interpretations vary as a function of the measure of accuracy used. We found there to be differences in both statistical findings (e.g., overall model fit, mean square error, Type I error rate) and the interpretations of those findings. The costs and benefits of utilizing each accuracy measure for quantifying accuracy in distance estimation studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Solini
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Elenah B Rosopa
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Patrick J Rosopa
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Christopher C Pagano
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, 418 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC, USA
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12
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Barakat N, Ramamurti P, Duensing IM, Browne JA. Financial Conflicts of Interest and Industry Funding are Associated With Conclusions Favorable to New Technologies: A Review of Published Economic Analyses in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:S299-S305.e9. [PMID: 38408713 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New technologies in hip and knee arthroplasty are commonly evaluated using cost-effectiveness analyses and similar economic assessments. There is a wide variation in the methodology of these studies, introducing the potential for bias. The purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between potential financial conflicts of interest (COI) and the outcomes of economic analyses. We hypothesized that authors' COI and industry funding would be associated with conclusions favorable to a new technology. METHODS Economic analyses making cost-effectiveness or economic implementation claims on patient-specific instrumentation, robotics, and implants used in hip and knee arthroplasty published from 2010 to 2022 were identified. Papers were evaluated to determine if conclusions were favorable to the new technology being studied. Fisher's exact test was utilized to determine the relationship between the presence of COI and an article's conclusions. RESULTS Of 43 eligible articles, 76.7% were cost-effectiveness analyses, 23.2% were cost analyses, and 67.4% of articles had conclusions favorable to a technology. Of the 29 articles with favorable conclusions, 26 had an author with a financial COI (89.7%), and 14 had industry funding (48.3%). Of the 33 articles with a financial COI, 26 (78.8%) had favorable conclusions, and of the 16 articles with industry funding, 14 (87.5%) had favorable conclusions. Fisher's exact test revealed a statistically significant association between an article having favorable conclusions and the presence of an author's COI or industry funding (odds ratio, 13.5; 95% CI [confidence interval], 2.3 to 79.9; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Financial COIs were present in 79.1% of lower extremity arthroplasty economic analyses on technologies and were associated with an article having conclusions favorable to the new technology. Surgeons and decision-makers should be aware of the variability and assumptions in these studies and the potential bias of the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Barakat
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Pradip Ramamurti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ian M Duensing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - James A Browne
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Ergen HI, Kudin R, McGee CW. Interrater Reliability and Precision of a Novel Hand Strength Assessment and Treatment Device: The GripAble. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7805205140. [PMID: 39074241 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Occupational therapy practitioners need modern tools for the assessment of maximal grip strength in clinical and remote settings. OBJECTIVE To establish the (1) interrater reliability and (2) precision of the GripAble among three raters with different expertise in occupational therapy when testing healthy participants, and to (3) evaluate the relative reliabilities of different approaches to estimating grip strength (i.e., one trial, mean of two trials, and the mean of three trials). DESIGN Measurement study. SETTING Minnesota Translational Musculoskeletal and Occupational Performance Research Lab, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. PARTICIPANTS Thirty volunteers, age ≥18 yr, without any hand problems. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Using GripAble, three occupational therapy raters with varied experience measured the maximal grip strength of the dominant and nondominant hands of all participants. Using the mean of three trials when testing grip strength with GripAble adds precision. RESULTS GripAble has excellent interrater reliability (i.e., intraclass correlation coefficient > .75) and acceptable precision (minimal detectable change < 15%) among healthy adults. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE GripAble allows occupational therapy practitioners with different experiences to assess grip strength in healthy hands quickly, precisely, and with excellent reliability. Additional research is needed on its psychometrics in clinical populations and capacities in remote monitoring and exergaming. Plain-Language Summary: The results of this study show that grip strength, an important biomarker and commonly assessed construct in occupational therapy, can be evaluated reliably, precisely, and rapidly with GripAble. The use of GripAble by occupational therapy practitioners in clinical settings may help to build an infrastructure for remote measurements and exergaming interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahim Ergen
- Halil Ibrahim Ergen, PhD, MS, PT, is Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey, and Postdoctoral Research Scholar, Occupational Therapy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis;
| | - Roman Kudin
- Roman Kudin, OTD, OTR/L, is Staff Occupational Therapist, Albemarle Health and Rehabilitation Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Corey W McGee
- Corey W. McGee, PhD, OTR/L, CHT, is Associate Professor, Occupational Therapy Department, College of Pharmacy, and Associate Department Head of Research, Program in Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Dlamini NN, Ramkilawon G, Tuorila H, de Kock HL. "I find it hard to change poor food habits": Measuring food choice motives in an emerging economy. Appetite 2024; 200:107535. [PMID: 38821266 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Food choices are driven by an array of motives that have been approached, determined and quantified in a number of ways, mainly in developed countries. The objective of this study was to better understand the motives behind food choices in an emerging economy by collecting information from urban people in South Africa in a series of four studies. (1) Items generated through focus group discussions with low, middle and high income participants by Magano et al. (2023) were checked for content and face validity and (2) 123 statements derived from them were evaluated by 621 respondents. After exploratory factor analysis (EFA), 46 statements best representing the motivational space were (3) presented to another group of respondents (n = 259). Here, the EFA resulted in a 31-item, 7-factor food choice questionnaire for emerging economies (FCQ-EE) which was (4) confirmed by a nationwide sample (n = 814) and further refined to an alternative 19-item, 7-factor solution. The emerging factors were: Healthy eating constraints (HEC), Frugality (FR), Emotional eating (EE), Meat appeal (MA), Weather (WE), Quality seeking (QS) and Cooking constraints (CC). Whether used in the 31-item or 19-item format, this set of statements highlights factors underlying food choice in an emerging economy and offers a way to study their importance in similar contexts. Further research is needed to show the extent to which these factors can predict actual food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomzamo N Dlamini
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
| | | | - Hely Tuorila
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrietta L de Kock
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Levati S, Bonetti L, Prandi C, Bianchi M. Psychometric Evaluation of the Complexity of Care in the Home Care Setting Instrument (COMID) in Italian Language. Int J Older People Nurs 2024; 19:e12637. [PMID: 39139127 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM To test the psychometric properties of the complexity assessment instrument for home nursing practice (COMID) Italian version. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's alpha, whilst the two-way mixed effects, absolute agreement, single measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3.1) was calculated to evaluate the inter-rater reliability both on individual factors and the overall score. Registered Nurses enrolled at the MSc in Nursing at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland and homecare nurses working for several home care institutions were involved in the data collection process following ad hoc training on the use of the COMID assessment instrument. RESULTS A total of 220 questionnaires were completed by 36 nurses. Cronbach's alpha was 0.764, in line with the original study. The inter-rater reliability ranged from good (factor 6 ICC = 0.85) to excellent (factors 1-5 ICC > 91), with the ICC assessed on the total score of the COMID also excellent (ICC = 0.95). CONCLUSION The COMID Italian version is a valid and reliable instrument for homecare nurses to assess complex situations according to the tests performed on a sample of older people receiving home care in Southern Switzerland. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The use of such an instrument will enable the identification of the most relevant areas of complexity to be discussed by the nursing and multidisciplinary team to plan and deliver personalised caring interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Levati
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Loris Bonetti
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Cesarina Prandi
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Monica Bianchi
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
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Pajari J, Sormunen M, Salminen L, Elonen I, Pasanen M, Saaranen T. An Instrument to Assess the Digital Competence of Nurse Educators. Nurse Educ 2024; 49:E280-E285. [PMID: 38723256 DOI: 10.1097/nne.0000000000001637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Educators and Educator Candidates' Competence in Digital Pedagogy instrument needed to be tested before using it in nursing education. PURPOSE This study describes the further testing of this instrument to measure nurse educators' digital competence. METHODS The study is reported according to the 7 steps of the MEASURE Approach. Psychometric testing was conducted with a sample of 111 Finnish nurse educators from 9 universities of applied sciences. The study was conducted during the years 2020 and 2023. RESULTS The exploratory factor analysis results explained 56% of the variance with 3 factors, including 20 items. The factors were labeled to describe the nurse educators' digital competence: implementing appropriate independent and community learning, acting safely and responsibly, and guiding learning based on the evidence. Cronbach α and McDonald ω coefficients showed good reliability. CONCLUSIONS The instrument can be used to assess digital competence and identify the development needs to facilitate educators' continuous professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Pajari
- University Teacher (Mr Pajari), Professor (Dr Saaranen), Department of Nursing Science, Senior University Lecturer, Docent (Dr Sormunen), Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Professor (Dr Salminen), Project researcher (Ms Elonen), Statistician (Ms Pasanen), Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku; Director of Nursing (part-time), Turku University Hospital (Dr Salminen), Turku, Finland
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Klütsch J, Böffel C, Abraham L, Mooser J, Thüs D, Tawanger P, von Salm-Hoogstraeten S, Schlittmeier SJ. How users make online privacy decisions in work and personal contexts of use. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19849. [PMID: 39191857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rising usage of contactless work options since COVID-19, users increasingly share their personal data in digital tools at work. Using an experimental online vignette study (N = 93), we examined users' willingness to use a video conferencing tool, while systematically varying the context of use (personal vs. low trustworthiness work vs. high trustworthiness work) and the type of information shared (low vs. medium vs. high sensitivity). We also assessed users' perceived responsibility in work and personal contexts of use and their self-assessed digital competence. Our results highlight employer trustworthiness as an important factor in the willingness to use a third-party video conferencing tool, with increased willingness to use these tools in work contexts of use with high trustworthiness compared to those with low trustworthiness. This effect seems to be reduced when the data to be shared is of high sensitivity, compared to medium and low sensitivity data. Furthermore, despite reduced responsibility for data protection in work compared to personal contexts of use, the willingness to use a video conferencing tool did not decrease between trustworthy work and personal contexts of use. We discuss our findings and their methodological implications for future research and derive implications for privacy decisions at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Klütsch
- Institute of Psychology, Work and Engineering Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17-19, 52066, Aachen, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Christian Böffel
- Institute of Psychology, Work and Engineering Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17-19, 52066, Aachen, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Lukas Abraham
- Institute of Psychology, Work and Engineering Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17-19, 52066, Aachen, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Janina Mooser
- Institute of Psychology, Work and Engineering Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17-19, 52066, Aachen, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Dominik Thüs
- Institute of Psychology, Work and Engineering Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17-19, 52066, Aachen, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany
- Empirical Educational Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Parwana Tawanger
- Institute of Psychology, Work and Engineering Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17-19, 52066, Aachen, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sophia von Salm-Hoogstraeten
- Institute of Psychology, Work and Engineering Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17-19, 52066, Aachen, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany
- Saint-Gobain Research, Herzogenrath, Germany
| | - Sabine J Schlittmeier
- Institute of Psychology, Work and Engineering Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17-19, 52066, Aachen, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany
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Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Barzanji A, Amini F, Zahednezhad H. Psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the Disaster Nursing Readiness Evaluation Index (F-DNREI). BMC Emerg Med 2024; 24:151. [PMID: 39183271 PMCID: PMC11346036 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-01067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the vital role of nurses in responding to disasters, it is essential to measure their readiness with a valid and reliable tool. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the Disaster Nursing Readiness Evaluation Index (F-DNREI). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 among 200 nurses working at educational hospitals affiliated with one of the medical universities in Tehran, Iran. The Disaster Nursing Readiness Evaluation Index was translated into Persian. The face, content, and construct validity, as well as internal consistency, were analyzed. RESULTS In the exploratory factor analysis, five factors were extracted: practical skills for disaster response, adaptability to stressful situations at the disaster site, communication and cooperation skills for teamwork, emergency nursing skills, and effective coping with daily stress. Together, these factors accounted for 39.7% of the total variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the extracted model fit well: CMIN/DF = 1.519, CFI = 0.889, RMSEA = 0.051. The Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients for the entire questionnaire were 0.890 and 0.891, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Given that Iran is frequently exposed to disasters, it becomes essential to assess the preparedness of Iranian nurses using a valid and reliable scale. The availability of the Farsi version of the Disaster Nursing Readiness Evaluation Index (F-DNREI), which has undergone validation and reliability testing, facilitates accurate measurement of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Arvin Barzanji
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Amini
- Student Research Committee , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Zahednezhad
- Student Research Committee , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bhuptani PH, Peterson R, Orchowski LM, Ullman SE. Validation of the Social Reactions-Online Questionnaire Among Adults Who Disclosed Online Victimization Via #MeToo. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241271339. [PMID: 39180359 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241271339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The #MeToo movement of 2017 ushered in a wave of online disclosure of sexual victimization. The ways in which people respond to the disclosure of sexual victimization can play an important role in a survivor's recovery process. This study conducted an exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) of a questionnaire aimed at characterizing the ways in which others respond to the disclosure of sexual victimization in online spaces. Participants (N = 767) were recruited via social media to participate in a study of disclosure of unwanted sexual experiences, with 25.4% (n = 195) endorsing disclosing an unwanted sexual experience online using the hashtag #MeToo and were included in analyses. Participants completed the Online Social Reactions Questionnaire (OSRQ). The questionnaire included all 16 original items from the Short Version of the Social Reactions Questionnaire (SRQ). An additional 8 items specific to online disclosure, not covered by the SRQ were added at the end, bringing the proposed OSRQ to a total of 24 items. The updated measure included the 16 original items of the Short Version of the SRQ as well as 8 additional items, for a total of 24 items. ESEM confirmed the OSRQ as a 23-item measure with a four-factor structure: (a) Turning Against+, (b) Unsupportive Acknowledgment, (c) Positive Support+, and (d) Online Sharing; model fit: χ2(186) = 387.125, p < .001, CFI = 0.976, RMSEA = 0.074 (90% CI [0.064, 0.085]), SRMR = 0.034. The OSRQ revealed excellent Cronbach's alpha (α = .93) and McDonald's Omega (ω = .93). The OSRQ represents a new measure that can be used to characterize the way in which others respond to online disclosure of sexual victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi H Bhuptani
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA
- Brown University, Orlando, FL, USA
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Rausch J, Bickman L, Geldermann N, Oswald F, Gehlen D, Görtz-Dorten A, Döpfner M, Hautmann C. A semi-structured interview for the dimensional assessment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: Interview Version of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS-I). Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:106. [PMID: 39182121 PMCID: PMC11344912 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the newly developed semi-structured interview, Interview Version of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS-I), which is designed to provide a dimensional assessment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. METHODS Multi-informant baseline data from the OPTIE study was used, involving 358 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (M = 11.54, SD = 3.4, n = 140 [39.1%] were female). Participants were screened for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. For validity analyses, caregiver (Child Behavior Checklist), youth (Youth Self Report), and teacher ratings (Teacher Report Form) were used. We performed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of the SFSS-I subscales in distinguishing between children and adolescents diagnosed with internalizing and externalizing disorders, as determined by clinical judgement in routine care. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses supported a correlated two-factor model for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Acceptable to good internal consistencies (α = 0.76 to 0.89; ω = 0.76 to 0.90) and excellent interrater reliability on the scale level (ICC ≥ 0.91) was found. The ROC analyses showed an acceptable accuracy in identifying internalizing diagnoses (AUC = 0.76) and excellent accuracy for externalizing diagnoses (AUC = 0.84). CONCLUSION The SFSS-I demonstrates potential as a clinically-rated instrument for screening and routine outcome monitoring, offering utility in both clinical practice and research settings for the dimensional assessment of broad psychopathological dimensions. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00016737 ( https://www.drks.de/DRKS00016737 ). Registered 17 September, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rausch
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Leonard Bickman
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Ontrak Health, Inc., Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Nina Geldermann
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Oswald
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Danny Gehlen
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Görtz-Dorten
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Hautmann
- School for Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Yao ZF, Sligte IG, Ridderinkhof R. Olympic team rowers and team swimmers show altered functional brain activation during working memory and action inhibition. Neuropsychologia 2024:108974. [PMID: 39182905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-level expertise in team-sports is associated with superior performance on executive functions (EFs) such as working memory (WM) and action inhibition, and with altered activation of brain areas related to these EFs. In most such studies, athletes were sampled from the domain of dynamic (i.e., open-skill) team-sports (e.g., soccer players). Whether static (i.e., closed-skill) team-sports athletes (e.g., rowers and synchronized swimmers) also show superior EFs performance and differential EF-related functional brain activation remains unknown. METHODS We recruited 14 elite closed-skill athletes, all national champions, and internationally competitive in various rowing disciplines, as well as 14 controls matched on gender, age, and education, and had them perform working memory and action inhibition (stop-signal) tasks during fMRI scanning. RESULTS Group differences in performance in either task failed to obtain statistical significance, although athletes showed a numerical trend toward higher WM capacity than controls. Importantly, task-related BOLD responses suggested that Olympic closed-skill team athletes show stronger recruitment of brain areas that emphasize relatively stable task demands and weaker engagement of brain areas that emphasize rapidly changing demands imposed by extraneous stimulation. CONCLUSION Functional brain imaging data suggest elite closed-skill athletes may employ different cognitive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Fu Yao
- College of Education, Nanda Campus, National Tsing Hua University, 521 Nanda Road, East Dist., 30013 Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, Nanda Campus, National Tsing Hua University, 521 Nanda Road, East Dist., 30013 Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Department of Kinesiology, Nanda Campus, National Tsing Hua University, 521 Nanda Road, East Dist., 30013 Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Basic Psychology Group, Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Nanda Campus, National Tsing Hua University, 521 Nanda Road, East Dist., 30013 Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
| | - Ilja G Sligte
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Ridderinkhof
- Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chan WP, Nguyen C, Kim N, Tripodis Y, Gilmore EJ, Greer DM, Beekman R. A practical magnetic-resonance imaging score for outcome prediction in comatose cardiac arrest survivors. Resuscitation 2024; 202:110370. [PMID: 39178939 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important prognostic tool in cardiac arrest (CA) survivors given its sensitivity for detecting hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI), however, it is limited by poorly defined objective thresholds. To address this limitation, we evaluated a qualitative MRI score for predicting neurological outcome in CA survivors. METHODS Adult comatose CA survivors who underwent MRI were retrospectively identified at a single academic medical center. Two blinded neurointensivists qualitatively scored HIBI amongst 12 MRI brain regions. Scores were summated to form four distinct score groups: cortex, deep grey nuclei (DGN), cortex-DGN combined, and total (cortex, DGN, brainstem, and cerebellum). Poor neurological outcome was defined as Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score 3-5 at hospital discharge. Inter-rater reliability was tested using intra-class correlation (ICC) and discrimination of poor neurological outcome assessed using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). RESULTS Our cohort included 219 patients with median time to MRI of 96 (IQR 81-110) hours. ICC (95% CI) was good to excellent across all MRI scores: cortex 0.92 (0.89-0.94), DGN 0.88 (0.80-0.92), cortex-DGN 0.94 (0.92-0.95), and total 0.93 (0.91-0.95). AUC (95% CI) for poor outcome was good across all MRI scores: cortex 0.84 (0.78-0.90), DGN 0.83 (0.77-0.89), cortex-DGN 0.83 (0.77-0.89), and total 0.83 (0.77-0.88). CONCLUSION A simplified, qualitative MRI score had excellent reliability and good discrimination for poor neurologic outcome. Further work is necessary to externally validate our findings in an independent, ideally prospective, cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Pong Chan
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Noah Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emily J Gilmore
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - David M Greer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rachel Beekman
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Jia Z, Niu Z, Wang JJ, Hernandez J, Li YT, Wang HHX. Trajectories of Treatment Burden Among Primary Care Patients with Long-Term Conditions in Southern China: A Latent Class Growth Analysis. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:2009-2021. [PMID: 39188662 PMCID: PMC11346491 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s464434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment burden is a patient-centred, dynamic concept. However, longitudinal data on the changing pattern of treatment burden among patients with one or more long-term conditions (LTCs) are relatively scanty. We aimed to explore the longitudinal trajectories of treatment burden and associated risk factors in a large, patient population in primary care settings. Methods We analysed data from 5573 primary care patients with long-term conditions (LTCs) recruited using a multistage sampling method in Shenzhen, southern China. The treatment burden was assessed by the Mandarin Chinese version of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ). We used latent class growth mixture modelling (LCGMM) to determine trajectories of treatment burden across four time points, ie, at baseline, and at 6, 12, and 18 months. Predictors of trajectory classes were explored using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The mean TBQ scores of patients with a single LTC (n = 2756), 2 LTCs (n = 1871), 3 LTCs (n = 699), and ≥4 LTCs (n = 247) were 18.17, 20.28, 21.32, and 26.10, respectively, at baseline. LCGMM identified three discrete classes of treatment burden trajectories over time, ie, a high-increasing class, a low-stable class, and a high-decreasing class. When controlling for individual-level factors including age, education, monthly household income per head, smoking, alcohol consumption, and attendance in health education, patients who had a clinical diagnosis of 3 LTCs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.21-1.86, P < 0.001) or ≥4 LTCs (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.44-2.72, P < 0.001) were more likely to belong to the high-increasing class. Sensitivity analysis using propensity score methods obtained similar results. Conclusion Our study revealed the presence of discrete patterns of treatment burden over time in Chinese primary care patients with LTCs, providing directions for tailored interventions to optimise disease management. Patients with 3 or more LTCs should receive close attention in healthcare delivery as they tend to experience a greater treatment burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jia
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimin Niu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Ji Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for General Practice, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jose Hernandez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, EDU, Digital Education Holdings Ltd., Kalkara, Malta
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Harry H X Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Practice, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Luna FG, Lupiáñez J, König S, Garscha U, Fischer R. Can transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation mitigate vigilance loss? Examining the effects of stimulation at individualized versus constant current intensity. Psychophysiology 2024:e14670. [PMID: 39169561 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
According to the arousal model of vigilance, the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system modulates sustained attention over long periods by regulating physiological arousal. Recent research has proposed that transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) modulates indirect physiological markers of LC-NE activity, although its effects on vigilance have not yet been examined. Aiming to develop a safe and noninvasive procedure to prevent vigilance failures in prolonged tasks, the present study examined whether taVNS can mitigate vigilance loss while modulating indirect markers of LC-NE activity. Following a preregistered protocol (https://osf.io/tu2xy/), 50 participants completed three repeated sessions in a randomized order, in which either active taVNS at individualized intensity set by participant, active taVNS set at 0.5 mA for all participants, or sham taVNS, was delivered while performing an attentional and vigilance task (i.e., ANTI-Vea). Changes in salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol concentrations were measured as markers of LC-NE activity. Self-reports of feelings associated with stimulation and guessing rate of active/sham conditions supported the efficacy of the single-blind procedure. Contrary to our predictions, the observed vigilance decrement was not modulated by active taVNS. Pairwise comparisons showed a mitigation by active taVNS on cortisol reduction across time. Interestingly, Spearman's correlational analyses showed some interindividual effects of taVNS on indirect markers of LC-NE, evidenced by positive associations between changes in salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol in active but not sham taVNS. We highlight the relevance of replicating and extending the present outcomes, investigating further parameters of stimulation and its effects on other indirect markers of LC-NE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Luna
- Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Lupiáñez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Stefanie König
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rico Fischer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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25
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de Klerk J, Tildesley M, Labuschagne K, Gorsich E. Modelling bluetongue and African horse sickness vector (Culicoides spp.) distribution in the Western Cape in South Africa using random forest machine learning. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:354. [PMID: 39169433 PMCID: PMC11340078 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culicoides biting midges exhibit a global spatial distribution and are the main vectors of several viruses of veterinary importance, including bluetongue (BT) and African horse sickness (AHS). Many environmental and anthropological factors contribute to their ability to live in a variety of habitats, which have the potential to change over the years as the climate changes. Therefore, as new habitats emerge, the risk for new introductions of these diseases of interest to occur increases. The aim of this study was to model distributions for two primary vectors for BT and AHS (Culicoides imicola and Culicoides bolitinos) using random forest (RF) machine learning and explore the relative importance of environmental and anthropological factors in a region of South Africa with frequent AHS and BT outbreaks. METHODS Culicoides capture data were collected between 1996 and 2022 across 171 different capture locations in the Western Cape. Predictor variables included climate-related variables (temperature, precipitation, humidity), environment-related variables (normalised difference vegetation index-NDVI, soil moisture) and farm-related variables (livestock densities). Random forest (RF) models were developed to explore the spatial distributions of C. imicola, C. bolitinos and a merged species map, where both competent vectors were combined. The maps were then compared to interpolation maps using the same capture data as well as historical locations of BT and AHS outbreaks. RESULTS Overall, the RF models performed well with 75.02%, 61.6% and 74.01% variance explained for C. imicola, C. bolitinos and merged species models respectively. Cattle density was the most important predictor for C. imicola and water vapour pressure the most important for C. bolitinos. Compared to interpolation maps, the RF models had higher predictive power throughout most of the year when species were modelled individually; however, when merged, the interpolation maps performed better in all seasons except winter. Finally, midge densities did not show any conclusive correlation with BT or AHS outbreaks. CONCLUSION This study yielded novel insight into the spatial abundance and drivers of abundance of competent vectors of BT and AHS. It also provided valuable data to inform mathematical models exploring disease outbreaks so that Culicoides-transmitted diseases in South Africa can be further analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna de Klerk
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Michael Tildesley
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Karien Labuschagne
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Erin Gorsich
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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26
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Leal S, Vrij A, Ashkenazi T, Vernham Z, Fisher RP, Palena N. Introducing the high-context communication style interview protocol to detect deception in pairs. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 249:104440. [PMID: 39167909 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In four experiments, we examined whether pairs of truth tellers could be distinguished from pairs of lie tellers by taking advantage of the fact that only pairs of truth tellers can refer to shared events by using brief expressions (high-context communication style). In Experiments 1 and 2, pairs of friends and pairs of strangers pretending to be friends answered (i) questions they likely had expected to be asked (e.g., 'How did you first meet'?) and (ii) unexpected questions (e.g., 'First, describe a shared event in a few words. Then elaborate on it'). Pairs were interviewed individually (Experiment 1, N = 134 individuals) or collectively (Experiment 2, N = 130 individuals). Transcripts were coded for the verbal cues details, complications, plausibility, predictability, and overlap (Experiment 1 only) or repetitions (Experiment 2 only). In two lie detection experiments observers read the individual transcripts in Experiment 3 (N = 146) or the collective transcripts in Experiment 4 (N = 138). The verbal cues were more diagnostic of veracity and observers were better at distinguishing between truths and lies in the unexpected than in the expected questions condition, but only when the pair members were interviewed individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Leal
- School of Psychology, Sport, & Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DY Hants, UK.
| | - Aldert Vrij
- School of Psychology, Sport, & Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DY Hants, UK
| | - Tzachi Ashkenazi
- Ashkelon Academic College, Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Zarah Vernham
- School of Psychology, Sport, & Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2DY Hants, UK
| | - Ronald P Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, USA
| | - Nicola Palena
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Leiden, the Netherlands
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27
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Virlet L, Sparrow L, Barela J, Berquin P, Bonnet C. Proprioceptive intervention improves reading performance in developmental dyslexia: An eye-tracking study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 153:104813. [PMID: 39163725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is characterized by difficulties in learning to read, affecting cognition and causing failure at school. Interventions for children with developmental dyslexia have focused on improving linguistic capabilities (phonics, orthographic and morphological instructions), but developmental dyslexia is accompanied by a wide variety of sensorimotor impairments. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of a proprioceptive intervention on reading performance and eye movement in children with developmental dyslexia. Nineteen children diagnosed with developmental dyslexia were randomly assigned to a regular Speech Therapy (ST) or to a Proprioceptive and Speech Intervention (PSI), in which they received both the usual speech therapy and a proprioceptive intervention aimed to correct their sensorimotor impairments (prism glasses, oral neurostimulation, insoles and breathing instructions). Silent reading performance and eye movements were measured pre- and post-intervention (after nine months). In the PSI group, reading performance improved and eye movements were smoother and faster, reaching values similar to those of children with typical reading performance. The recognition of written words also improved, indicating better lexical access. These results show that PSI might constitute a valuable tool for reading improvement children with developmental dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Virlet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Département de médecine générale, Faculté de médecine, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Sparrow
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jose Barela
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Patrick Berquin
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, GRAFMC INSERM U 1105 CHU Amiens, France
| | - Cedrick Bonnet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.
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28
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Scaltritti M, Greatti E, Sulpizio S. Decisional components of motor responses are not related to online response control: Evidence from lexical decision and speed-accuracy tradeoff manipulations. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01619-3. [PMID: 39158819 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that decision processes can propagate to motor-response execution. However, the functional characterization of motor decisional components is not yet fully understood. By combining a classic lexical decision experiment with manipulations of speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT), the present experiment assessed the hypothesis that decisional effects on chronometric measures of motor-response execution are related to online response control. The electromyographic (EMG) signal associated with manual button-press responses was used to dissociate the premotor component (from stimulus onset until the onset of the EMG activity) from the motor component (from EMG onset until the button-press), thus enabling the assessment of decision-related effects in terms of motor-response duration within single-trial reaction times. Other than replicating all the previously reported SAT effects, the experiment revealed hindered control processes when the instructions emphasized speed over accuracy, as indicated by measures of response control such as partial errors, fast errors, and correction likelihood. Nonetheless, the lexicality effect on motor responses, consisting of slower motor times for pseudowords compared to words, was impervious to any SAT modulation. The results suggest that SAT-induced variations in decision and response control policies may not be the prominent determinant of decision-related effects on motor times, highlighting the multiple "cognitive" components that affect peripheral response execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scaltritti
- Dipartimento Di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, Università Degli Studi Di Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Elena Greatti
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze Cognitive, Scuola Internazionale Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
- International School of Advanced Studies, Centro Di Neuroscienze, Università Di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Dipartimento Di Psicologia, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Johnson MJ, Huang C, Chen H, Jones L, Twiddy M. Prostate cancer: unmet supportive and palliative care needs: national survey of patients and family carers. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024; 14:317-325. [PMID: 34969695 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Men living with prostate cancer have supportive and palliative needs. However, few studies detail unmet needs (vs quality of life measurement) or include data from those with advanced disease. We aimed to identify unmet needs of people living with prostate cancer (men, family carers), including those with advanced disease. METHODS Mixed-methods national survey (patient Supportive Care Needs Survey; Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool) and health status (EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale). Quantitative data were explored using regression analysis. Free text data were subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS 216 men (mean age 65±8.5 years; active cancer 136 [63%]) and 97 carers (68 (70%) spouse/partner) provided data. 133 men (62%) reported moderate-to-high need which was more likely in advanced disease. Men's health status was worse with active vs remitted disease (mean difference -11; 95% CI -17 to -5; p<0.001). 85 (88%) carers reported at least one unmet need relating to 'enabling them to care' and 83 (86%) relating to 'their own well-being'. Carers with chronic illnesses had more unmet needs (p=0.01 to p=0.04) and patient receipt of palliative care independently predicted higher unmet carer needs (p=0.02).Free text data demonstrated widespread burden with: (1) poor communication/information, including about palliative care; (2) poorly managed symptoms/concerns and (3) poor care co-ordination. Incontinence, sexual dysfunction and hormone side-effects were serious problems, often left unaddressed. CONCLUSIONS Many living with prostate cancer continue with wide-ranging concerns. Lack of systematic, ongoing needs assessment and poor communication compound inadequate clinical pathways. Person-centred care, interdisciplinary working and integrated palliative care should be resourced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J Johnson
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Chao Huang
- Institute of Clinical and Applied Health Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Clinical and Applied Health Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Lesley Jones
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Maureen Twiddy
- Institute of Clinical and Applied Health Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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30
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Chen XM, Liao XL, Chen IH, Gamble JH, Jiang XY, Li XD, Bo CX. The long-term effects of perceived instructional leadership on teachers' psychological well-being during COVID-19. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305494. [PMID: 39159165 PMCID: PMC11332923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak led to widespread school closures and the shift to remote teaching, potentially resulting in lasting negative impacts on teachers' psychological well-being due to increased workloads and a perceived lack of administrative support. Despite the significance of these challenges, few studies have delved into the long-term effects of perceived instructional leadership on teachers' psychological health. To bridge this research gap, we utilized longitudinal data from 927 primary and secondary school teachers surveyed in two phases: Time 1 in mid-November 2021 and Time 2 in early January 2022. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), our findings revealed that perceptions of instructional leadership, especially the "perceived school neglect of teaching autonomy" at Time 1 were positively correlated with burnout levels at Time 2. Additionally, burnout at Time 2 was positively associated with psychological distress and acted as a mediator between the "perceived school neglect of teaching autonomy" and psychological distress. In light of these findings, we recommend that schools prioritize teachers' teaching autonomy and take proactive measures to mitigate burnout and psychological distress, aiming for the sustainable well-being of both teachers and students in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Mei Chen
- School of Information Engineering, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Ling Liao
- Faculty of Education, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Jeffrey H. Gamble
- Department of English, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Xing-Yong Jiang
- Yangan Primary School of Qionglai City, Qionglai, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu-Dong Li
- Gaogeng Nine-year School, Qionglai, Sichuan, China
| | - Cun-Xu Bo
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Education Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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31
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Iwasaki S, Moriguchi Y, Sekiyama K. Balancing exploration and exploitation? The impact of cost and inhibitory control on information gathering in early childhood. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39152735 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The information-seeking behaviour of adults focuses on optimizing the gathering and utilizing information to minimize search costs. In contrast, children tend to engage in information search during decision-making with less consideration for costs. This difference in behaviour is believed to be linked to the development of executive functions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between executive function and cost-related information-gathering behaviour. We assessed 56 children aged 4-6 years, involving three tasks: an information-gathering task, an inhibitory control and a working memory task. In the information-gathering task, children participated in both non-cost and cost conditions, where they were given the opportunity to freely gather information or incur a cost to acquire information. The findings revealed that children with higher inhibitory control tended to gather less information when a cost was involved. This highlights the important role of inhibitory control in shaping information-seeking behaviour in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kaoru Sekiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Brates D, Peña-Chávez R. Noninstrumental Dysphagia Assessment and Screening: A Proposed Checklist. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39151049 DOI: 10.1044/2024_ajslp-22-00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the field of dysphagia research, there is a need to establish a framework for the critical appraisal of methodological reporting. A working group was formed to develop a tool to aid in such critical appraisal across various domains of dysphagia research (called the FRONTIERS [Framework for RigOr aNd Transparency In REseaRch on Swallowing] Framework). The goal of the current paper is to present and describe one domain of this tool: noninstrumental assessment and screening tools. METHOD Methods describing the development of the FRONTIERS Framework and the associated tool are detailed in the prologue of this series. RESULTS A set of questions specific to the critical appraisal of transparency and rigor of research involving noninstrumental screening and assessment tools was developed. This included 13 "yes/no" questions, each of which is presented with a rationale for its inclusion and an example of its implementation. CONCLUSIONS The use of this framework will serve researchers and those appraising the quality of research that uses noninstrumental dysphagia assessment and screening tools. More broadly, the FRONTIERS Framework will facilitate improved rigor and transparency across dysphagia research. Special considerations and future goals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Brates
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University
- Swallowing and Salivary Bioscience Laboratory, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Communication and Sciences Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Rodolfo Peña-Chávez
- Swallowing and Salivary Bioscience Laboratory, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Communication and Sciences Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile
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Drott CE, Elkins SR, Kritikos TK. The Relation between Parental Locus of Control and Willingness to Implement Parent Management Training Strategies. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01748-5. [PMID: 39152272 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
In child disruptive behavior treatment, successful parent management training (PMT) outcomes are dependent on parents' use of strategies outside of sessions. This study aimed to identify the influence of parental locus of control (PLOC) on a key treatment acceptability variable: parents' willingness to implement PMT strategies. We sought to investigate this relationship for individual strategies within PMT, given the composite nature of the intervention. In this study, 109 parents of children (ages 2-12) with disruptive behavior watched brief videos detailing three proactive PMT strategies (child-directed interaction, effective commands, positive attention) and three reactive PMT strategies (ignoring, time out, and removal of privileges) and rated their willingness to implement each strategy. Internal PLOC predicted greater overall willingness to use PMT strategies, above and beyond the influence of child age, child gender, and disruptive behavior severity. Notably, the relationship between willingness and PLOC differed across individual strategies. PLOC predicted willingness to implement proactive PMT strategies to a greater degree than willingness to implement reactive strategies. External PLOC may be a greater barrier to use of proactive strategies because of these strategies' misalignment with external PLOC-related beliefs. Results have implications for the personalization of PMT based on parent cognitions, as well as for the separate analysis of individual components of PMT in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara R Elkins
- University of Houston, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Berry KA, Choquette EM, Looby A, Rancourt D. Unification of the food and alcohol disturbance literature: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 113:102486. [PMID: 39168054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) reflects the functional relationship between disordered eating and alcohol use. There are two motivations underlying FAD - to enhance the effects of alcohol and/or to compensate for alcohol-related calories. Yet, most FAD studies have failed to adequately measure the motives underlying these behaviors, leading to inconsistent and imprecise findings. The aim of the current systematic review was to thematically consolidate FAD research findings by motive, identify limitations of the existing literature, and highlight next steps for FAD researchers. Eighty-one publications, presenting data from 38,536 participants, were included in the current review. Prevalence rates for the caloric compensation and alcohol enhancement motives range from 5.6% - 88.7% and 4.7% - 81.7%, respectively. Alcohol use and disordered eating were the primary correlates of FAD for both motives, and alcohol-related consequences were positively associated with both FAD motives cross-sectionally. Major limitations of the literature include inconsistent operationalization and imprecise measurement of FAD. Primary recommendations include adopting the terminology of and operationalization of FAD presented here, ensuring attention to FAD motive in developing and testing research questions, and moving beyond cross-sectional studies. Findings from this review can be used to contribute to more rigorous and unified FAD research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alison Looby
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
| | - Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Rangelov D, Fellrath J, Mattingley JB. Integrated Perceptual Decisions Rely on Parallel Evidence Accumulation. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2368232024. [PMID: 38960720 PMCID: PMC11326863 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2368-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to make accurate and timely decisions, such as judging when it is safe to cross the road, is the foundation of adaptive behavior. While the computational and neural processes supporting simple decisions on isolated stimuli have been well characterized, decision-making in the real world often requires integration of discrete sensory events over time and space. Most previous experimental work on perceptual decision-making has focused on tasks that involve only a single, task-relevant source of sensory input. It remains unclear, therefore, how such integrative decisions are regulated computationally. Here we used psychophysics, electroencephalography, and computational modeling to understand how the human brain combines visual motion signals across space in the service of a single, integrated decision. To that purpose, we presented two random-dot kinematograms in the left and the right visual hemifields. Coherent motion signals were shown briefly and concurrently in each location, and healthy adult human participants of both sexes reported the average of the two motion signals. We directly tested competing predictions arising from influential serial and parallel accounts of visual processing. Using a biologically plausible model of motion filtering, we found evidence in favor of parallel integration as the fundamental computational mechanism regulating integrated perceptual decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Rangelov
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Julia Fellrath
- Lausanne University Hospital, The University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Aykut A, Sezenoz AS. Exploring the Potential of Code-Free Custom GPTs in Ophthalmology: An Early Analysis of GPT Store and User-Creator Guidance. Ophthalmol Ther 2024:10.1007/s40123-024-01014-w. [PMID: 39141071 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-01014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION OpenAI recently introduced the ability to create custom generative pre-trained transformers (cGPTs) using text-based instruction and/or external documents using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture without coding knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the features of ophthalmology-related cGPTs and explore their potential utilities. METHODS Data collection took place on January 20 and 21, 2024, and custom GPTs were found by entering ophthalmology keywords into the "Explore GPTS" section of the website. General and specific features of cGPTs were recorded, such as knowledge other than GPT-4 training data. The instruction and description sections were analyzed for compatibility using the Likert scale. We analyzed two custom GPTs with the highest Likert score in detail. We attempted to create a convincingly presented yet potentially harmful cGPT to test safety features. RESULTS We analyzed 22 ophthalmic cGPTs, of which 55% were for general use and the most common subspecialty was glaucoma (18%). Over half (55%) contained knowledge other than GPT-4 training data. The representation of the instructions through the description was between "Moderately representative" and "Very representative" with a median Likert score of 3.5 (IQR 3.0-4.0). The instruction word count was significantly associated with Likert scores (P = 0.03). Tested cGPTs demonstrated potential for specific conversational tone, information, retrieval and combining knowledge from an uploaded source. With these safety settings, creating a malicious GPT was possible. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to our knowledge to examine the GPT store for a medical field. Our findings suggest that these cGPTs can be immediately implemented in practice and may offer more targeted and effective solutions compared to the standard GPT-4. However, further research is necessary to evaluate their capabilities and limitations comprehensively. The safety features currently appear to be rather limited. It may be helpful for the user to review the instruction section before using a cGPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Aykut
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Rm 641, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey.
| | - Almila Sarigul Sezenoz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Rm 641, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, 06790, Turkey
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Goldenkoff ER, Deluisi JA, Lee TG, Hampstead BM, Taylor SF, Polk TA, Vesia M. Repeated spaced cortical paired associative stimulation promotes additive plasticity in the human parietal-motor circuit. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 166:202-210. [PMID: 39182339 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Repeated spaced sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the human primary motor cortex can lead to dose-dependent increases in motor cortical excitability. However, this has yet to be demonstrated in a defined cortical circuit. We aimed to examine the effects of repeated spaced cortical paired associative stimulation (cPAS) on excitability in the motor cortex. METHODS cPAS was delivered to the primary motor cortex (M1) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) with two coils. In the multi-dose condition, three sessions of cPAS were delivered 50-min apart. The single-dose condition had one session of cPAS, followed by two sessions of a control cPAS protocol. Motor-evoked potentials were evaluated before and up to 40 min after each cPAS session as a measure of cortical excitability. RESULTS Compared to a single dose of cPAS, motor cortical excitability significantly increased after multi-dose cPAS. Increasing the number of cPAS sessions resulted in a cumulative, dose-dependent effect on excitability in the motor cortex, with each successive cPAS session leading to notable increases in potentiation. CONCLUSION Repeated spaced cPAS sessions summate to increase motor cortical excitability induced by single cPAS. SIGNIFICANCE Repeated spaced cPAS could potentially restore abilities lost due to disorders like stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taraz G Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Thad A Polk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Michael Vesia
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Joo Y, Jang Y, Park CG, Yang YL. Development and validation of a patient-centered communication scale for nurses. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:550. [PMID: 39135182 PMCID: PMC11320938 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-centered care aims to prevent disease and promote well-being by actively involving patients in treatment and decision-making that is based on respecting the patients and their families. However, no scales have been developed to assess patient-centered care from the nurse's perspective. This study aimed to develop a scale to measure nurses' level of patient-centered communication and confirm its validity and reliability. METHODS A methodological cross-sectional study was adopted to develop and validate the Patient-Centered Communication Scale (PCCS). The items were developed through a literature review and online interviews with nurses. Content validity was assessed by experts and the content validity index was calculated. A pretest of the questionnaire was conducted with 10 clinical nurses. To evaluate the factor structure and internal consistency reliability, the PCCS was administered online to 325 nurses in South Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, explanatory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS The final instrument consisted of 12 items and three factors: (1) information sharing, (2) patient-as-person, and (3) therapeutic alliance. EFA revealed a distinct three-factor structure, explaining 59.0% of the total variance. CFA confirmed the adequacy of the model fit and validated the inclusion of the final items. The Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.60 to 0.77, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Convergent validity was evidenced by the correlation between the PCCS and a measure of interpersonal communication competence. CONCLUSIONS The 12-item PCCS showed good reliability, construct validity, and convergent validity. The scale has utility for measuring the level of patient-centered communication skills in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshin Joo
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Jang
- College of Nursing and Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gi Park
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - You Lee Yang
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, 553, Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13135, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Galgani S, Sawyer C, King J, Dockry R, Wingfield-Digby J, Holt K, Mitchell J, Sen S, Birchall D, Solari F, Smith J, Yorke J. Development and validation of a novel questionnaire to describe and assess sensations and triggers associated with refractory and unexplained chronic cough. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002430. [PMID: 39142695 PMCID: PMC11331982 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2024-002430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Refractory or unexplained chronic cough (RUCC) is a common clinical problem with no effective diagnostic tools. The Sensations and Triggers Provoking Cough questionnaire (TOPIC) was developed to characterise cough in RUCC versus cough in other conditions. METHODS Content analysis of participant interviews discussing the sensations and triggers of chronic cough informed TOPIC development. Participants with chronic cough completed the draft-TOPIC (a subset repeating 5-7 days later), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Cough Severity Diary (CSD) and Global Rating of Change Scale. The draft-TOPIC item list was reduced in hierarchical and Rasch analysis to refine the questionnaire to the TOPIC. RESULTS 49 items describing the triggers and sensations of cough were generated from participant interviews (RUCC n=14, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) n=11, interstitial lung disease (ILD) n=10, asthma n=11, bronchiectasis n=3, cystic fibrosis n=7). 140 participants (median age 60.0 (19.0-88.0), female 56.4%; RUCC n=39, ILD n=38, asthma n=45, COPD n=6, bronchiectasis n=12) completed draft-TOPIC, where items with poor 'fit' for RUCC were removed to create TOPIC (8 trigger items, 7 sensation items). Median TOPIC score was significantly higher in RUCC (37.0) vs ILD (24.5, p=0.009) and asthma (7.0, p<0.001), but not bronchiectasis (20.0, p=0.318) or COPD (18.5, p=0.238), likely due to small sample sizes. The Rasch model demonstrated excellent fit in RUCC (χ2=22.04, p=0.85; PSI=0.88); as expected. When all participant groups were included, fit was no longer demonstrated (χ2=66.43, p=0.0001, PSI=0.89) due to the increased heterogeneity (CI=0.077). TOPIC correlated positively with SGRQ (r=0.47, p<0.001) and CSD (r=0.63, p<0.001). The test-retest reliability of TOPIC (intraclass correlation coefficient) was excellent (r=0.90, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS High TOPIC scores in the RUCC patients suggest their cough is characterised by specific sensations and triggers. Validation of TOPIC in cough clinics may demonstrate value as an aid to identify features of RUCC versus cough in other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Galgani
- Cough Research Team, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Chelsea Sawyer
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenny King
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Dockry
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - James Wingfield-Digby
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Kimberly Holt
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanne Mitchell
- Cough Research Team, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Shilpi Sen
- Cough Research Team, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Jacky Smith
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Janelle Yorke
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Matinlompolo N, Mikkonen K, Koskenranta M, Kamau S, Oikarainen A, Martikainen R, Juntunen J, Kuivila HM. Exploring educator perceptions and profiles in supporting culturally and linguistically diverse students integration in healthcare work environments - A cross-sectional study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 143:106344. [PMID: 39180898 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global shortage of healthcare workers, an ageing population, and increasing retirement within the healthcare workforce are causing social and healthcare systems to undergo significant internationalisation and cultural-linguistic diversification. Despite the crucial role educators play in imparting healthcare education and supporting the integration of professionals into these diverse environments, there is a lack of effective strategies and understanding to achieve this integration successfully. AIM To explore and understand how social and healthcare educators self-perceive their role in supporting the integration of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) students into healthcare working environments, and to identify whether these perceptions can be categorised into specific educator profiles. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the spring of 2022 in Finland, collecting observational data from 59 social and healthcare educators across 15 universities of applied sciences providing nurse education to CALD students. Four instruments were developed to measure educators' perceptions of supporting students in healthcare work environment integration. K-means clustering analysis identified two distinct educator profiles, and statistically significant differences between these profiles were analysed using t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Educators perceived their highest strengths as ensuring equality for students (mean 3.81), possessing suitable characteristics (mean 3.78), and being culturally sensitive and aware (mean 3.73). They felt least confident in knowing their institution's integration practices (mean score of 2.43) and personally supporting cultural diversity among students (mean 2.93). Educators were classified into two profiles: less confident educators (mean 2.27-3.66) and confident educators (mean 2.58-3.94). Confident educators, who more effectively support CALD students, have been more involved in continuous education. CONCLUSIONS Continuous education is critical for enhancing educators' confidence and effectiveness in supporting CALD students. Improved training and resources focused on institutional integration practices and personal support for cultural diversity are needed to address areas where educators feel less confident.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matinlompolo
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - K Mikkonen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - M Koskenranta
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - S Kamau
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of healthcare and social services, JAMK- University of Applied Sciences, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - A Oikarainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - R Martikainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - J Juntunen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - H-M Kuivila
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Perez L, Furtado O. Investigating Expert-Rater Agreement and Inter/Intra-Rater Reliability of Two Fundamental Movement Skills for the Locomotor Subscale of the FG-COMPASS. Percept Mot Skills 2024:315125241272720. [PMID: 39120571 DOI: 10.1177/00315125241272720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The Furtado-Gallagher Children Observational Movement Pattern Assessment System (FG-COMPASS) is an observational tool using sequential decisions to assess fundamental movement skill proficiency. The current version of the test has three locomotor and five manipulative skills. Adding two more locomotor skills to the assessment tool enriches its scope, enabling a more comprehensive and nuanced evaluation of individual movement skills. We assessed expert-non-expert rater agreement and inter/intra non-expert rater reliability of two new scales for the locomotor subscale. We divided this study into two parts. In Part I, we filmed 60 children aged 5-10 years old who performed gallop and vertical jump skills. A motor behavior expert then classified the videotapes using our newly created rating scales. Next, we selected eight videos for training purposes and 24 videos for testing purposes. In Part II, 30 undergraduate students underwent rater training. Rating data were analyzed using weighted kappa (Kw) and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and these indices showed 'very good' agreement between the expert and the non-expert raters for vertical jump (Kw = .96) and gallop (Kw = .89). The ICC expert to non-expert rater values for vertical jump and gallop were .98 and .94, respectively; and mean kappa values for inter-rater reliability between non-experts were considered 'very good' for vertical jump (MKw = .92) and 'good' for gallop (MKw = .78). The ICC inter-rater values were .98 and .95 (considered 'excellent') for vertical jump and gallop, respectively; and the kappa intra-rater values were .96 and .85, respectively, with intra-rater ICC values .98 and .92. Thus, the proposed rating scales were reliable for assessing vertical jump and gallop. Future studies should focus on criterion-related validity and reliability evidence from live performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Perez
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Ovande Furtado
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
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42
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Pinet S, Martin CD. Cross-modal interactions in language production: evidence from word learning. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02552-x. [PMID: 39120808 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Literate adults are able to produce the same word in different language modalities-for instance, through speaking and writing. Yet how speaking and writing interact is not well understood. The present study takes a new perspective on the question of the co-activation of phonological and orthographic representations in speaking and writing by examining the acquisition of novel words. We tested how novel words get integrated into modality-specific lexicons by biasing novel word acquisition toward speaking or writing and assessing cross-modal transfer at the first stages of learning. Participants learned novel words paired with pictures of novel objects and practiced them overtly through speaking or typing. At test, typed training led to higher recall accuracy than spoken training whether words were recalled through typing or speaking. Performance in typing (RT and durations) benefited more from typed than spoken training. Crucially, performance in speaking did not benefit specifically from spoken training and was similar after spoken or typed training. Results are compatible with an asymmetric integration in the phonological and orthographic lexicons according to the modality of training, with representations created in the orthographic lexicon directly transferring to the phonological lexicon, while the opposite doesn't seem to occur. Cross-modal transfer dynamics are discussed according to the level of lexical activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Pinet
- Basque Center On Cognition, Brain and Language, Paseo Mikeletegi 69, 20009, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Clara D Martin
- Basque Center On Cognition, Brain and Language, Paseo Mikeletegi 69, 20009, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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43
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Adamson B, Lindsay KG, Almasri L, Koppele Duffy M, Kirkpatrick S, Hernandez ME. Evaluating the Impact of Seated Pilates on Functional Outcomes Among Those With Mild, Moderate, and Severe Multiple Sclerosis Impairment: A Pilot Feasibility Trial. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2024:1-29. [PMID: 39122240 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2023-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This pilot study assessed the feasibility and functional benefits of a twice-weekly, 12-week, virtual, seated, group-based Pilates program in persons with mild to severe multiple sclerosis (MS). Participants were randomized into either a Pilates-only group or a Pilates group, which also incorporated hip and shoulder-cuff activation exercises. Process, management, and scientific-feasibility metrics were analyzed descriptively. Functional outcomes, physical activity, and MS-related outcomes (impact, fatigue, and quality of life) were measured pre- and postintervention and analyzed using mixed-effects models, analysis of variance, and cluster analysis. Twenty-two participants completed baseline testing. Sixteen completed the intervention and postintervention testing. Collapsed across groups, analyses demonstrated improvements in the Timed 25-Foot Walk (36%), Timed Up-and-Go (13%), and the Berg Balance Scale (10%, statistically significant). Neither between-groups differences nor physical activity or MS outcome changes were significant. Participants reported high satisfaction. Findings suggest that virtual, seated Pilates is feasible and may confer balance benefits to individuals with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn Adamson
- Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Keston G Lindsay
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
- Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Layla Almasri
- Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
- William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Manuel E Hernandez
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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44
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Sia LL, Sharma S, Kumar S, Singh DKA. Physiotherapists' Perception of and Readiness to Use, Telerehabilitation for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Telemed J E Health 2024. [PMID: 39119877 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2024.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Musculoskeletal ailments exert a significant impact on global populations. To address challenges posed by geographical constraints and financial limitations, physiotherapists have explored and found telerehabilitation to be a viable solution. Despite its proven effectiveness in clinical practice, the integration of telerehabilitation has been sluggish. This cross-sectional survey sought to delve into the perspectives and readiness of physiotherapists in Malaysia regarding telerehabilitation for musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: A customized survey instrument was developed and evaluated for face validity and reliability. The 36-item questionnaire was distributed through the Google Form platform, targeting respondents via social media channels such as Facebook and WhatsApp. Data analysis used descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). Results: The survey garnered responses from 271 physiotherapists. A majority (76.3%, n = 202) expressed agreement regarding the potential benefits of telerehabilitation in physiotherapy practice. About 77% of the respondents also showcased greater readiness for monitoring client progress through telerehabilitation as opposed to assessment and treatment. Notable benefits identified by respondents included preventing cross-infection (98.5%) and reducing travel time for both clients (94.0%) and physiotherapists (90.6%). Conclusion: The study reveals that physiotherapists in Malaysia exhibit positive attitudes and preparedness for implementing telerehabilitation in managing musculoskeletal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Lee Sia
- Physiotherapy Program, Centre of Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Physiotherapy Unit, Hospital Miri, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Shobha Sharma
- Speech Sciences Program, Centre for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar
- Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South Australia (City East Campus), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Physiotherapy Program, Centre of Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Faiman I, Young AH, Shotbolt P. Cognitive correlates of psychopathology in functional/dissociative seizures and non-lesional epilepsy: An exploratory study. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 159:109952. [PMID: 39121755 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between cognitive functioning and psychopathological features in Functional/Dissociative Seizures (FDS), and test whether this differs from that observed in epilepsy. METHODS We recruited a cross-sectional sample of adults (age > 18) with a diagnosis of non-lesional epilepsy or FDS between January 2021 and July 2022 (n = 73). Participants completed a series of psychiatric questionnaires and neuropsychological measures. Spearman's Correlation Coefficient was computed between each of the psychiatric and cognitive measures in each group. Fisher's Z test of significance for independent correlation coefficients then tested the significance of the difference between correlation coefficients for the two groups. RESULTS There were no group differences in neuropsychological test scores. However, people with FDS reported higher seizure severity, depression levels, number of medically unexplained somatic symptoms, and exposure to traumatic events compared to epilepsy. Results of the Fisher's Z-test revealed significant differences in correlation coefficients between groups in two instances. First, in the association between the number of traumatic experiences and cognitive switching (z = 2.77, p = 0.006); the number of traumatic experiences were positively associated with cognitive switching in epilepsy but showed a non-significant negative trend in FDS. Secondly, in the association between vocabulary abilities and the number of medically unexplained symptoms (z = -2.71; p = 0.007); higher vocabulary ability was associated with fewer somatic symptoms in epilepsy, while no such correlation was observed in FDS. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides preliminary evidence for the complex interplay between cognitive functioning and psychopathology in FDS and epilepsy. Neurocognitive functioning such as vocabulary abilities or attentional switching may play a role in the expression or maintenance of pathological features of FDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Faiman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom.
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BX, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Shotbolt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London SE5 8AB, United Kingdom.
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Melendez-Armenta RA, Luna Chontal G, Garcia Aburto SG. Using machine learning to analyze mental health in distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic: an opinion study from university students in Mexico. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e2241. [PMID: 39145214 PMCID: PMC11323079 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
In times of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been detected that some students are unable to dedicate enough time to their education. They present signs of frustration and even apathy towards dropping out of school. In addition, feelings of fear, anxiety, desperation, and depression are now present because society has not yet been able to adapt to the new way of living. Therefore, this article analyzes the feelings that university students of the Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla present when using long distance education tools during COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. The results suggest that isolation, because of the pandemic situation, generated high levels of anxiety and depression. Moreover, there are connections between feelings generated by lockdown and school performance while using e-learning platforms. The findings of this research reflect the students' feelings, useful information that could lead to the development and implementation of pedagogical strategies that allow improving the students' academic performance results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Angel Melendez-Armenta
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Giovanni Luna Chontal
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sandra Guadalupe Garcia Aburto
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla, Veracruz, Mexico
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47
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Sidorenko D, Pushkov S, Sakip A, Leung GHD, Lok SWY, Urban A, Zagirova D, Veviorskiy A, Tihonova N, Kalashnikov A, Kozlova E, Naumov V, Pun FW, Aliper A, Ren F, Zhavoronkov A. Precious2GPT: the combination of multiomics pretrained transformer and conditional diffusion for artificial multi-omics multi-species multi-tissue sample generation. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:37. [PMID: 39117678 PMCID: PMC11310469 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic data generation in omics mimics real-world biological data, providing alternatives for training and evaluation of genomic analysis tools, controlling differential expression, and exploring data architecture. We previously developed Precious1GPT, a multimodal transformer trained on transcriptomic and methylation data, along with metadata, for predicting biological age and identifying dual-purpose therapeutic targets potentially implicated in aging and age-associated diseases. In this study, we introduce Precious2GPT, a multimodal architecture that integrates Conditional Diffusion (CDiffusion) and decoder-only Multi-omics Pretrained Transformer (MoPT) models trained on gene expression and DNA methylation data. Precious2GPT excels in synthetic data generation, outperforming Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGANs), CDiffusion, and MoPT. We demonstrate that Precious2GPT is capable of generating representative synthetic data that captures tissue- and age-specific information from real transcriptomics and methylomics data. Notably, Precious2GPT surpasses other models in age prediction accuracy using the generated data, and it can generate data beyond 120 years of age. Furthermore, we showcase the potential of using this model in identifying gene signatures and potential therapeutic targets in a colorectal cancer case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Sidorenko
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stefan Pushkov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Akhmed Sakip
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Geoffrey Ho Duen Leung
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sarah Wing Yan Lok
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anatoly Urban
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Diana Zagirova
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alexander Veviorskiy
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Level 6, Unit 08, Block A, IRENA HQ Building, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nina Tihonova
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Level 6, Unit 08, Block A, IRENA HQ Building, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Aleksandr Kalashnikov
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Level 6, Unit 08, Block A, IRENA HQ Building, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ekaterina Kozlova
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vladimir Naumov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frank W Pun
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Aliper
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Level 6, Unit 08, Block A, IRENA HQ Building, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Feng Ren
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Suite 902, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Level 6, Unit 08, Block A, IRENA HQ Building, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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48
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Li W, Li Q. Psychometric properties of the chinese version of the value-based stigma inventory (VASI): a translation and validation study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:550. [PMID: 39112959 PMCID: PMC11308479 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a culturally adapted Chinese version of the Value-based Stigma Inventory (VASI) and to evaluate its psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, among the general Chinese population. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 708 general citizens from Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China. The VASI's internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test-retest reliability were tested to assess the translated scale's reliability. Several validity tests were performed, including expert consultation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) and AMOS 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States). RESULTS The Chinese version of the VASI showed good reliability, with a Cronbach's α value of 0.808, and the dimensions ranged from 0.812 to 0.850. Test-retest reliability showed good temporal stability with a value of 0.855, and the split-half reliability value was 0.845, indicating a high degree of consistency. The scale also demonstrated good content validity with a content validity index of 0.952. After conducting exploratory factor analysis, a five-factor structure was identified, including factors of self-realization, personal enrichment, reputation, meritocratic values, and security. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all recommended fit indicators were found to be within the acceptable range, including χ2/DF = 1.338, GFI = 0.960, AGFI = 0.940, RMSEA = 0.031, TLI = 0.985, CFI = 0.989, IFI = 0.989, PGFI = 0.640, and PNFI = 0.729. CONCLUSION The Chinese version of the VASI is valid and reliable among the Chinese general public. The five-factor structured scale effectively assessed public stigma against mental illness, including the value orientations associated with personal stigma. Given the harsh and widespread public stigma against mental illness, the findings from the questionnaire may inform the development of future public health education programs. Public health education is needed to reduce the stigma of mental illness, increase public awareness of mental health issues, and mitigate the continued stigmatization of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qiujie Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Pauly T, Lüscher J, Wilhelm LO, Amrein MA, Boateng G, Kowatsch T, Fleisch E, Bodenmann G, Scholz U. Using Wearables to Study Biopsychosocial Dynamics in Couples Who Cope With a Chronic Health Condition: Ambulatory Assessment Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e49576. [PMID: 39102683 PMCID: PMC11333870 DOI: 10.2196/49576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology has become an integral part of our everyday life, and its use to manage and study health is no exception. Romantic partners play a critical role in managing chronic health conditions as they tend to be a primary source of support. OBJECTIVE This study tests the feasibility of using commercial wearables to monitor couples' unique way of communicating and supporting each other and documents the physiological correlates of interpersonal dynamics (ie, heart rate linkage). METHODS We analyzed 617 audio recordings of 5-minute duration (384 with concurrent heart rate data) and 527 brief self-reports collected from 11 couples in which 1 partner had type II diabetes during the course of their typical daily lives. Audio data were coded by trained raters for social support. The extent to which heart rate fluctuations were linked among couples was quantified using cross-correlations. Random-intercept multilevel models explored whether cross-correlations might differ by social contexts and exchanges. RESULTS Sixty percent of audio recordings captured speech between partners and partners reported personal contact with each other in 75% of self-reports. Based on the coding, social support was found in 6% of recordings, whereas at least 1 partner self-reported social support about half the time (53%). Couples, on average, showed small to moderate interconnections in their heart rate fluctuations (r=0.04-0.22). Couples also varied in the extent to which there was lagged linkage, that is, meaning that changes in one partner's heart rate tended to precede changes in the other partner's heart rate. Exploratory analyses showed that heart rate linkage was stronger (1) in rater-coded partner conversations (vs moments of no rater-coded partner conversations: rdiff=0.13; P=.03), (2) when partners self-reported interpersonal contact (vs moments of no self-reported interpersonal contact: rdiff=0.20; P<.001), and (3) when partners self-reported social support exchanges (vs moments of no self-reported social support exchange: rdiff=0.15; P=.004). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides initial evidence for the utility of using wearables to collect biopsychosocial data in couples managing a chronic health condition in daily life. Specifically, heart rate linkage might play a role in fostering chronic disease management as a couple. Insights from collecting such data could inform future technology interventions to promote healthy lifestyle engagement and adaptive chronic disease management. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/13685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Pauly
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janina Lüscher
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Lea Olivia Wilhelm
- Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - George Boateng
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kowatsch
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elgar Fleisch
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Technology Management, University of St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Area Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Li X, Bianchini Esper N, Ai L, Giavasis S, Jin H, Feczko E, Xu T, Clucas J, Franco A, Sólon Heinsfeld A, Adebimpe A, Vogelstein JT, Yan CG, Esteban O, Poldrack RA, Craddock C, Fair D, Satterthwaite T, Kiar G, Milham MP. Moving beyond processing- and analysis-related variation in resting-state functional brain imaging. Nat Hum Behav 2024:10.1038/s41562-024-01942-4. [PMID: 39103610 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
When fields lack consensus standard methods and accessible ground truths, reproducibility can be more of an ideal than a reality. Such has been the case for functional neuroimaging, where there exists a sprawling space of tools and processing pipelines. We provide a critical evaluation of the impact of differences across five independently developed minimal preprocessing pipelines for functional magnetic resonance imaging. We show that, even when handling identical data, interpipeline agreement was only moderate, critically shedding light on a factor that limits cross-study reproducibility. We show that low interpipeline agreement can go unrecognized until the reliability of the underlying data is high, which is increasingly the case as the field progresses. Crucially we show that, when interpipeline agreement is compromised, so too is the consistency of insights from brain-wide association studies. We highlight the importance of comparing analytic configurations, because both widely discussed and commonly overlooked decisions can lead to marked variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lei Ai
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexandre Franco
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua T Vogelstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- International Big-Data Center for Depression Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Oscar Esteban
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Cameron Craddock
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Damien Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Theodore Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael P Milham
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
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