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Nabil G, Ahmed YH, Ahmed O, Milad SS, Hisham M, Rafat M, Atia M, Shokry AA. Argel's stemmoside C as a novel natural remedy for mice with alcohol-induced gastric ulcer based on its molecular mechanistic pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 327:117970. [PMID: 38428660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solenostemma argel is widely distributed in Africa & Asia with traditional usage in alleviating abdominal colic, aches, & cramps. This plant is rich in phytochemicals, which must be explored for its pharmacological effects. PURPOSE Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the digestion of the digestive tube. PUD not only interferes with food digestion & nutrient absorption, damages one of the largest defensive barriers against pathogenic micro-organisms, but also impedes drug absorption & bioavailability, rendering the oral route, the most convenient way, ineffective. Omeprazole, one of the indispensable cost-effective proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) extensively prescribed to control PUD, is showing growing apprehensions toward multiple drug interactions & side effects. Hence, finding a natural alternative with Omeprazole-like activity & limited side effects is a medical concern. STUDY DESIGN Therefore, we present Stemmoside C as a new gastroprotective phytochemical agent isolated from Solenostemma argel to be tested in upgrading doses against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice compared to negative, positive, & reference Omeprazole groups. METHODS We carried out in-depth pharmacological & histopathological studies to determine the possible mechanistic pathway. RESULTS Our results showed that Stemmoside C protected the stomach against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers parallel to Omeprazole. Furthermore, the mechanistic studies revealed that Stemmoside C produced its effect using an orchestrated array of different mechanisms. Stemmoside C stimulates stomach defense by increasing COX-2, PGE-2, NO, & TFF-1 healing factors, IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine, & Nrf-2 & HO-1 anti-oxidant pathways. It also suppresses stomach ulceration by inhibiting leucocyte recruitment, especially neutrophils, leading to subsequent inhibition of NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-1β, & iNOS pro-inflammatory cytokines & JAK-1/STAT-3 inflammation-induced carcinogenicity cascade in addition to MMP-9 responsible for tissue degradation. CONCLUSION These findings cast light on Stemmoside C's clinical application against gastric ulcer progression, recurrence, & tumorigenicity & concurrently with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Nabil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Omaima Ahmed
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Selvia S Milad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hisham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Rafat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Aya A Shokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Wang Y, Li HT, Liu G, Jiang CS, Ni YH, Zeng JH, Lin X, Wang QY, Li DZ, Wang W, Zeng XP. COMP promotes pancreatic fibrosis by activating pancreatic stellate cells through CD36-ERK/AKT signaling pathways. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111135. [PMID: 38479555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic fibrosis is one of the most important pathological features of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the key cells of fibrosis. As an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is critical for collagen assembly and ECM stability and recent studies showed that COMP exert promoting fibrosis effect in the skin, lungs and liver. However, the role of COMP in activation of PSCs and pancreatic fibrosis remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the role and specific mechanisms of COMP in regulating the profibrotic phenotype of PSCs and pancreatic fibrosis. METHODS ELISA method was used to determine serum COMP in patients with CP. Mice model of CP was established by repeated intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and pancreatic fibrosis was evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (H&E) and Sirius red staining. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression changes of COMP and fibrosis marker such as α-SMA and Fibronectin in pancreatic tissue of mice. Cell Counting Kit-8, Wound Healing and Transwell assessed the proliferation and migration of human pancreatic stellate cells (HPSCs). Western blotting, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the expression of fibrosis marker, AKT and MAPK family proteins in HPSCs. RNA-seq omics analysis as well as small interfering RNA of COMP, recombinant human COMP (rCOMP), MEK inhibitors and PI3K inhibitors were used to study the effect and mechanism of COMP on activation of HPSCs. RESULTS ELISA showed that the expression of COMP significantly increased in the serum of CP patients. H&E and Sirius red staining analysis showed that there was a large amount of collagen deposition in the mice in the CP model group and high expression of COMP, α-SMA, Fibronectin and Vimentin were observed in fibrotic tissues. TGF-β1 stimulates the activation of HPSCs and increases the expression of COMP. Knockdown of COMP inhibited proliferation and migration of HPSCs. Further, RNA-seq omics analysis and validation experiments in vitro showed that rCOMP could significantly promote the proliferation and activation of HPSCs, which may be due to promoting the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT through membrane protein receptor CD36. rCOMP simultaneously increased the expression of α-SMA, Fibronectin and Collagen I in HPSCs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study showed that COMP was up-regulated in CP fibrotic tissues and COMP induced the activation, proliferation and migration of PSCs through the CD36-ERK/AKT signaling pathway. COMP may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of CP. Interfering with the expression of COMP or the communication between COMP and CD36 on PSCs may be the next direction for therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Shen Jiang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Ni
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zeng
- Department of Presbyatrics, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yun Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Da-Zhou Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xiang-Peng Zeng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Digestive Diseases, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.
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Anh TTH, My LT, Tu NTT, Hiep PV, My TTT. Hyperparathyroidism with acute pancreatitis in elderly patient treated by radiofrequency ablation: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:2438-2442. [PMID: 38585396 PMCID: PMC10997866 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis as an initial manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been rarely reported. We report a case of acute pancreatitis from a hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumor in an 87-year-old woman with drowsy state. Laboratory tests showed high lipase, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone level, and abdominal computed tomography scan revealed acute pancreatitis. Neck ultrasound and scintigraphy gave rise to the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism due to a left parathyroid tumor. The patient underwent radiofrequency ablation of the parathyroid tumor. After the procedure, symptoms subsided and patient was discharged from the hospital 2 weeks later. Six months of treatment, the PTH and calcium serum significantly reduced, her clinical presentation was stable, and there were no signs or symptoms of recurrence pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thieu Thi Tra My
- Radiology department, Vinmec Times City International hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
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Huang KZ, Weber HC. Potassium-competitive acid blockers and acid-related disorders. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2024; 31:107-114. [PMID: 38483115 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) represent a new class of compounds for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Recent FDA approval of the PCAB vonoprazan for erosive esophagitis has started an important new approach to acid-related disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Compared to conventional proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), PCABs provide more rapid, potent, and sustained suppression of gastric acid with faster and more durable symptom relief. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of PCABs for erosive esophagitis, nonerosive reflux disease, and peptic ulcer disease including H. pylori. However, the PCAB vonoprazan was only approved in the US as part of combination therapy for eradication of H. pylori. Clinical trials have now demonstrated noninferiority of vonoprazan to lansoprazole for treatment of erosive esophagitis, particularly noting superiority of vonoprazan in patients with severe esophagitis resulting in FDA approval of vonoprazan for treatment of erosive esophagitis. Emerging data suggests a possible utility of vonoprazan for PPI-resistant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and on-demand therapy for nonerosive reflux disease. Vonoprazan is generally well tolerated but long-term safety data is not well established. SUMMARY The PCAB vonoprazan is a newly FDA approved treatment option for erosive esophagitis. Its possible role in PPI-resistant GERD and nonerosive reflux disease warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z Huang
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - H Christian Weber
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wei X, Liang J, Liu J, Dai Y, Leng X, Cheng Y, Chi L. Anchang Yuyang Decoction inhibits experimental colitis-related carcinogenesis by regulating PPAR signaling pathway and affecting metabolic homeostasis of host and microbiota. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 326:117995. [PMID: 38428656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents a risk of carcinogenesis, which escalates with the duration of IBD. Persistent histological inflammation is considered to be the driving factor of colitis carcinogenesis. Effective control of inflammation is helpful to prevent and treat colitis-related colorectal cancer (CAC). Anchang Yuyang Decoction (AYD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is originated from the ancient prescription of TCM for treating colitis and colorectal cancer. AYD has demonstrated efficacy in treating IBD and potential anti-carcinogenic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aims to assess the therapeutic efficacy of AYD in ameliorating experimental colitis-related carcinogenesis induced by AOM/DSS. It further seeks to elucidate its potential mechanisms by integrating multiple omics sequencing approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model for colitis-related carcinogenesis was developed using azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). UPLC-MS identified AYD's chemical constituents. Rats were administered varying doses of AYD (18.37, 9.19 and 4.59 g/kg) orally for 53 days, with mesalazine as a positive control. The study evaluated anti-carcinogenic effects by examining adenoma number, adenoma load, abnormal crypt foci (ACF), histopathological damage, and tumor-related protein expression. Anti-inflammatory and reparative effects were assessed through body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, spleen index, inflammatory cytokine levels, and tight junction protein expression. The effects on intestinal microbiota and host metabolism were explored through 16S rRNA sequencing, targeted short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabonomics, and non-targeted colon metabolomics. Potential AYD targets were identified through transcriptomic sequencing and validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS AYD significantly reduced adenoma number, adenoma load, neoplasm-associated lesions, ACF, and tumor-related protein expression (e.g., p53, PCNA) in AOM/DSS-induced rats, thus impeding colitis-related carcinogenesis progression. AYD also alleviated histopathological damage and inflammation, promoting intestinal mucosal barrier repair. Furthermore, AYD modulated intestinal flora structure, enhanced SCFA production, and regulated colon metabolites. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed a significant impact on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Subsequent qRT-PCR and western blotting experiments indicated AYD's influence in up-regulating PPAR-γ and down-regulating PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and related proteins (thrombomodulin [Thbd], fatty acid binding protein 5 [Fabp5], stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 [Scd2], phospholipid transfer protein [Pltp]). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates AYD's ability to inhibit experimental colitis-related carcinogenesis induced by AOM/DSS. Its mechanism likely involves modulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, impacting intestinal microbiota and host metabolic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Wei
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Junwei Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yonggang Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Xiaohui Leng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261000, China.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Lili Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Hu X, Yuan X, Zhang G, Song H, Ji P, Guo Y, Liu Z, Tian Y, Shen R, Wang D. The intestinal epithelial-macrophage-crypt stem cell axis plays a crucial role in regulating and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Life Sci 2024; 344:122452. [PMID: 38462226 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal tract plays a vital role in both digestion and immunity, making its equilibrium crucial for overall health. This equilibrium relies on the dynamic interplay among intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, and crypt stem cells. Intestinal epithelial cells play a pivotal role in protecting and regulating the gut. They form vital barriers, modulate immune responses, and engage in pathogen defense and cytokine secretion. Moreover, they supervise the regulation of intestinal stem cells. Macrophages, serving as immune cells, actively influence the immune response through the phagocytosis of pathogens and the release of cytokines. They also contribute to regulating intestinal stem cells. Stem cells, known for their self-renewal and differentiation abilities, play a vital role in repairing damaged intestinal epithelium and maintaining homeostasis. Although research has primarily concentrated on the connections between epithelial and stem cells, interactions with macrophages have been less explored. This review aims to fill this gap by exploring the roles of the intestinal epithelial-macrophage-crypt stem cell axis in maintaining intestinal balance. It seeks to unravel the intricate dynamics and regulatory mechanisms among these essential players. A comprehensive understanding of these cell types' functions and interactions promises insights into intestinal homeostasis regulation. Moreover, it holds potential for innovative approaches to manage conditions like radiation-induced intestinal injury, inflammatory bowel disease, and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Guokun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Haoyun Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Pengfei Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Yanan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Zihua Liu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China
| | - Yixiao Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Rong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China.
| | - Degui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 73000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China.
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Hagn-Meincke R, Yadav D, Andersen DK, Vege SS, Fogel EL, Serrano J, Bellin MD, Topazian MD, Conwell DL, Li L, Van Den Eeden SK, Drewes AM, Pandol SJ, Forsmark CE, Fisher WE, Hart PA, Olesen SS, Park WG. Circulating immune signatures in chronic pancreatitis with and without preceding acute pancreatitis: A pilot study. Pancreatology 2024; 24:384-393. [PMID: 38461145 PMCID: PMC11023786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate profiles of circulating immune signatures in healthy controls and chronic pancreatitis patients (CP) with and without a preceding history of acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS We performed a phase 1, cross-sectional analysis of prospectively collected serum samples from the PROspective Evaluation of Chronic Pancreatitis for EpidEmiologic and Translation StuDies (PROCEED) study. All samples were collected during a clinically quiescent phase. CP subjects were categorized into two subgroups based on preceding episode(s) of AP. Healthy controls were included for comparison. Blinded samples were analyzed using an 80-plex Luminex assay of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Group and pairwise comparisons of analytes were performed between the subgroups. RESULTS In total, 133 patients with CP (111 with AP and 22 without AP) and 50 healthy controls were included. Among the 80 analytes studied, CP patients with a history of AP had significantly higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-15) and chemokines (Cutaneous T-Cell Attracting Chemokine (CTACK), Monokine induced Gamma Interferon (MIG), Macrophage-derived Chemokine (MDC), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1)) compared to CP without preceding AP and controls. In contrast, CP patients without AP had immune profiles characterized by low systemic inflammation and downregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators, including IL-10. CONCLUSION CP patients with a preceding history of AP have signs of systemic inflammatory activity even during a clinically quiescent phase. In contrast, CP patients without a history of AP have low systemic inflammatory activity. These findings suggest the presence of two immunologically diverse subtypes of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Hagn-Meincke
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dana K Andersen
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Santhi Swaroop Vege
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Evan L Fogel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jose Serrano
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melena D Bellin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Mark D Topazian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darwin L Conwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Asbjørn M Drewes
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris E Forsmark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Division of General Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Phil A Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Søren S Olesen
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Walter G Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Upton C, Healey J, Rothnie AJ, Goddard AD. Insights into membrane interactions and their therapeutic potential. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109939. [PMID: 38387829 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent research into membrane interactions has uncovered a diverse range of therapeutic opportunities through the bioengineering of human and non-human macromolecules. Although the majority of this research is focussed on fundamental developments, emerging studies are showcasing promising new technologies to combat conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's and inflammatory and immune-based disease, utilising the alteration of bacteriophage, adenovirus, bacterial toxins, type 6 secretion systems, annexins, mitochondrial antiviral signalling proteins and bacterial nano-syringes. To advance the field further, each of these opportunities need to be better understood, and the therapeutic models need to be further optimised. Here, we summarise the knowledge and insights into several membrane interactions and detail their current and potential uses therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Upton
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Joseph Healey
- Nanosyrinx, The Venture Centre, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, UK
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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Dellon ES, Gupta SK. Pharmacologic Management of Non-Eosinophilic Esophagitis Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:397-406. [PMID: 38575232 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Data for pharmacologic treatments for non-eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are limited. Nevertheless, because of the increasing understanding of EGID pathogenesis, a number of medications are used to treat EGIDs, though all are currently off-label. Initial therapy generally starts with corticosteroids, and "topical" delivery is preferred over systemic due to long-term side effects. A number of other small molecules could potentially be used, ranging from allergy medications to immunosuppressants. Biologics are also being used and investigated for EGIDs and represent promising targeted therapies. Multiple therapeutic targets have also been identified, many of which overlap with EoE targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S Dellon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080, USA.
| | - Sandeep K Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Alabama at Birmingham/Children's of Alabama, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233-1785, USA
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Serretti A. Stroke, COVID-19, and other somatic aspects of psychiatric disorders treatments. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:123-126. [PMID: 38527157 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
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Feng MC, Luo F, Huang LJ, Li K, Chen ZM, Li H, Yao C, Qin BJ, Chen GZ. Rheum palmatum L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Alleviates Acute Pancreatitis by Regulating Th17 Cell Differentiation: An Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Validation. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:408-420. [PMID: 37861962 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the core targets of Rheum palmatum L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., (Dahuang-Danshen, DH-DS) and the mechanism underlying its therapeutic efficacy in acute pancreatitis (AP) using a network pharmacology approach and validate the findings in animal experiments. METHODS Network pharmacology analysis was used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DH-DS in AP. The reliability of the results was verified by molecular docking simulation and molecular dynamics simulation. Finally, the results of network pharmacology enrichment analysis were verified by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. RESULTS Sixty-seven common targets of DH-DS in AP were identified and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), protein c-Fos (FOS) were identified as core targets in the protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Gene ontology analysis showed that cellular response to organic substance was the main functions of DH-DS in AP, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the main pathway included Th17 cell differentiation. Molecular docking simulation confirmed that DH-DS binds with strong affinity to MAPK3, STAT3 and FOS. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that FOS-isotanshinone II and STAT3-dan-shexinkum d had good binding capacity. Animal experiments indicated that compared with the AP model group, DH-DS treatment effectively alleviated AP by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and blocking the activation of Th17 cell differentiation (P<0.01). CONCLUSION DH-DS could inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and protect pancreatic tissues, which would be functioned by regulating Th17 cell differentiation-related mRNA and protein expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chao Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Fang Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Liang-Jiang Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Kai Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zu-Min Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Hui Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Bai-Jun Qin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530023, China.
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12
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Boyd T, Araka EB, Kochar B, Ananthakrishnan AN. Differences in Management and Outcomes of Older and Younger Adults with Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:570-577. [PMID: 37897720 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with ulcerative colitis [UC] have greater morbidity than younger adults. The goal of this study was to investigate differences in the management and outcomes of older and younger patients hospitalised with severe UC. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalised for acute severe ulcerative colitis requiring intravenous steroids. We compared outcomes of adults aged ≥65 years with outcomes of younger patients. Primary study outcomes included frequency and timing of medical and surgical rescue therapy during the hospitalisation, postoperative complications, frailty, and mortality outcomes up to 1 year following the hospitalisation. RESULTS Our cohort included 63 older adults [≥65 years] and 137 younger adults [14-64 years]. Despite similar disease severity at hospitalisation, older adults were half as likely to receive medical rescue therapy (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22-0.91). This difference was more striking among the frailest older adults. Older patients were similarly likely to undergo surgery but were more likely to undergo urgent or emergent procedures [50%] compared with younger patients [13%] [p <0.004]. The fraction of older adults at high risk for frailty increased from 33% pre-hospitalisation to 42% post-hospitalisation. Nearly one-third [27.8%] of older adults died within 1 year of hospitalisation, with half the deaths among older adults being attributable to UC or complications of UC. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with younger patients, older adults had lower frequency use of medical rescue therapy, higher rates of emergency surgery, and increased mortality within 1 year. Further research is needed to optimise care pathways in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Boyd
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bharati Kochar
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Zhao S, Li R, Zhou J, Sun L, Sun Q, Wang W, Wang D. Comparison of robotic versus laparoscopic surgery for visceral obesity in mid-low rectal cancer: a propensity-matched analysis. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:178. [PMID: 38642232 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-01945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming more and more common, and measuring visceral fat area (VFA) is a useful diagnostic technique for visceral obesity (VO). The purpose of this research is to compare the surgical results of robotic versus laparoscopic rectal surgery, with a focus on assessing the benefits of the latter method for treating both VO and mid-low rectal cancer. Patients receiving laparoscopic or robotic anterior rectal excision at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital's general surgery department were included in the retrospective analysis. 242 people in all took part in the study; 121 cases were assigned to the robotic surgery (RS) group and another 121 cases to the laparoscopic surgery (LS) group. In comparison to LS, our results show that RS led to a shorter period for the recovery of bowel function (p = 0.03), a shorter hospital stay (p < 0.001), a smaller intraoperative blood loss (p < 0.001), and a shorter time until the commencement of oral intake (p = 0.041). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the indices of histopathologic specimens, the proportion of temporary loop ileostomy, and the incidence of early postoperative problems (p > 0.05). When patients with VO undergo surgery for rectal cancer, RS has the added benefit of accelerating patient recovery while producing results that are similar to LS in the near run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Longhe Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing University, Yangzhou, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, China.
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14
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Huang Z, Gunderman AL, Wilcox SE, Sengupta S, Shah J, Lu A, Woodrum D, Chen Y. Body-Mounted MR-Conditional Robot for Minimally Invasive Liver Intervention. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03503-2. [PMID: 38634953 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
MR-guided microwave ablation (MWA) has proven effective in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with small-sized tumors, but the state-of-the-art technique suffers from sub-optimal workflow due to the limited accuracy provided by the manual needle insertions. This paper presents a compact body-mounted MR-conditional robot that can operate in closed-bore MR scanners for accurate needle guidance. The robotic platform consists of two stacked Cartesian XY stages, each with two degrees of freedom, that facilitate needle insertion pose control. The robot is actuated using 3D-printed pneumatic turbines with MR-conditional bevel gear transmission systems. Pneumatic valves and control mechatronics are located inside the MRI control room and are connected to the robot with pneumatic transmission lines and optical fibers. Free-space experiments indicated robot-assisted needle insertion error of 2.6 ± 1.3 mm at an insertion depth of 80 mm. The MR-guided phantom studies were conducted to verify the MR-conditionality and targeting performance of the robot. Future work will focus on the system optimization and validations in animal trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefeng Huang
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anthony L Gunderman
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Samuel E Wilcox
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Saikat Sengupta
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave South Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jay Shah
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Aiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David Woodrum
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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15
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Wortelboer K, Herrema H. Opportunities and challenges in phage therapy for cardiometabolic diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00083-3. [PMID: 38637223 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) is increasing, and emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota in this multifactorial disease development. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that selectively target a bacterial host; thus, phage therapy offers a precise means of modulating the gut microbiota, limiting collateral damage on the ecosystem. Several studies demonstrate the potential of phages in human disease, including alcoholic and steatotic liver disease. In this opinion article we discuss the potential of phage therapy as a predefined medicinal product for CMD and discuss its current challenges, including the generation of effective phage combinations, product formulation, and strict manufacturing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Wortelboer
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Rai S, Tyagi A, B T NK. Oral feed-based administration of phage cocktail protects rohu fish (Labeo rohita) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:219. [PMID: 38627275 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major freshwater fish pathogens. In the current study, a cocktail of D6 and CF7 phages was given orally to Labeo rohita to assess phage survival in fish organs as well as to determine the therapeutic efficacy of phage treatment against fish mortality caused by A. hydrophila. In the phage-coated feed, prepared by simple spraying method, phage counts were quite stable for up to 2 months with a decline of ≤ 0.23 log10 and ≤ 1.66 log10 PFU/g feed during 4 oC and room temperature storage. Throughout the experimental period of 7 days, both phages could be detected in the gut of fish fed with phage-coated feed. Besides, both CF7 and D6 phages were also detected in fish kidneys indicating the ability of both the phage to cross the intestinal barrier. During challenge studies with LD50 dose of A. hydrophila, phage cocktail doses of 1 × 106 - 1 × 108 PFU/g feed prevented the mortality in L. rohita with relative percentage survival (RPS) of 8.7-65.2. When challenged with LD90 dose of A. hydrophila, an RPS value of 28.6 was obtained at a phage cocktail dose of 1 × 108 PFU/g feed. The RPS data showed that orally-fed phage cocktail protected the fish against the mortality caused by A. hydrophila in a dose-dependent manner. Simple practical approaches for phage cocktail development, medicated feed preparation and oral administration along with phage survival and protection data make the current study useful for farmer-level application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Rai
- Department of Aquatic Environment, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Tyagi
- Department of Aquatic Environment, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar B T
- Department of Aquatic Environment, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
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17
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Alanazi M, Yong J, Wu M, Zhang Z, Tian D, Zhang R. Recent Advances in Detection of Hydroxyl Radical by Responsive Fluorescence Nanoprobes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400105. [PMID: 38447112 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (•OH), a highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), is assumed as one of the most aggressive free radicals. This radical has a detrimental impact on cells as it can react with different biological substrates leading to pathophysiological disorders, including inflammation, mitochondrion dysfunction, and cancer. Quantification of this free radical in-situ plays critical roles in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of various disorders, like macrophage polarization and tumor cell development. Luminescence analysis using responsive probes has been an emerging and reliable technique for in-situ detection of various cellular ROS, and some recently developed •OH responsive nanoprobes have confirmed the association with cancer development. This paper aims to summarize the recent advances in the characterization of •OH in living organisms using responsive nanoprobes, covering the production, the sources of •OH, and biological function, especially in the development of related diseases followed by the discussion of luminescence nanoprobes for •OH detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Alanazi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jiaxi Yong
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Dihua Tian
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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18
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Balar PC, Apostolopoulos V, Chavda VP. A new era of immune therapeutics for pancreatic cancer: Monoclonal antibodies paving the way. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176451. [PMID: 38408598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remains a devastating disease with a dismal prognosis and limited survival rates. Despite various drug treatments and regimens showing promise in managing the disease, the clinical outcomes have not significantly improved. Immunotherapy however, has become a forefront area in pancreatic cancer treatment. This approach comprises a range of agents, including small molecule drugs, antibodies, combination therapies, and vaccines. In the last 5-8 years, there has been an upsurge of research into the use of monoclonal antibodies to block receptors on cancer or immune cells, revolutionising cancer treatment and management. Several targets have been identified and studied, with the most encouraging noted in relation to checkpoint markers, namely, antibodies targeting anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its receptor PD-L1. Herein, we present the clinical developments in immunotherapy in the last 5 years especially those which have been tested in humans against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India.
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19
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Rafiq MS, Shabbir MA, Raza A, Irshad S, Asghar A, Maan MK, Gondal MA, Hao H. CRISPR-Cas System: A New Dawn to Combat Antibiotic Resistance. BioDrugs 2024:10.1007/s40259-024-00656-3. [PMID: 38605260 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-024-00656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can potentially harm global public health. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which speeds up the emergence of AMR and increases the burden of drug resistance in mobile genetic elements (MGEs), is the primary method by which AMR genes are transferred across bacterial pathogens. New approaches are urgently needed to halt the spread of bacterial diseases and antibiotic resistance. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), an RNA-guided adaptive immune system, protects prokaryotes from foreign DNA like plasmids and phages. This approach may be essential in limiting horizontal gene transfer and halting the spread of antibiotic resistance. The CRISPR-Cas system has been crucial in identifying and understanding resistance mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic approaches. This review article investigates the CRISPR-Cas system's potential as a tool to combat bacterial AMR. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be targeted and eliminated by the CRISPR-Cas system. It has been proven to be an efficient method for removing carbapenem-resistant plasmids and regaining antibiotic susceptibility. The CRISPR-Cas system has enormous potential as a weapon against bacterial AMR. It precisely targets and eliminates antibiotic-resistant bacteria, facilitates resistance mechanism identification, and offers new possibilities in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahzad Rafiq
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Ahmed Raza
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Irshad
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Andleeb Asghar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Maan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Pet Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed Gondal
- Institute of Continuing Education and Extension, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Haihong Hao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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20
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Masud AA, Liu J. Ultrasonic surface acoustic wave elastography: A review of basic theories, technical developments, and medical applications. Med Phys 2024. [PMID: 38597908 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological changes in tissues often cause changes in tissue mechanical properties, making tissue elastography an effective modality in medical imaging. Among the existing elastography methods, ultrasound elastography is of great interest due to the inherent advantages of ultrasound imaging technology, such as low cost, portability, safety, and wide availability. However, most current ultrasound elastography methods are based on the bulk shear wave; they can image deep tissues but cannot image superficial tissues. To address this challenge, ultrasonic elastography methods based on surface acoustic waves have been proposed. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of ultrasound-based surface acoustic wave elastography techniques, including their theoretical foundations, technical implementations, and existing medical applications. The goal is to provide a concise summary of the state-of-the-art of this field, hoping to offer a reliable reference for the further development of these techniques and foster the expansion of their medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Masud
- Biomedical Acoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jingfei Liu
- Biomedical Acoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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21
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Christensen C, Knudsen A, Arnesen EK, Hatlebakk JG, Sletten IS, Fadnes LT. Diet, food, and nutritional exposures and inflammatory bowel disease or progression of disease: an umbrella review. Adv Nutr 2024:100219. [PMID: 38599319 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are all contributing to substantial morbidity. Understanding the intricate interplay between dietary factors and the incidence and progression of IBD is essential for developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. This umbrella review comprehensively synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate these complex associations. Dietary factors associated with an increased incidence and/or progression of IBD include a high intake of red and processed meat, other processed foods, and refined sugars, together with a low intake of vegetables, fruits, and fiber. For most other food groups, results are mixed or indicate no clear associations to IBD, CD and UC. There seems to be some differences between UC and CD and their risk factors, with increased intake of dietary fiber being inversely associated with CD incidence but not clearly associated with UC. Dietary fiber may contribute to maintaining the gut epithelial barrier and reduce inflammation, often through interactions with the gut microbiota. This seems to play an important role in inflammatory mechanisms in the gut and IBD incidence and progression. Diets low in fermentable saccharides and polyols can alleviate symptom burden, but there are concerns regarding its impact on the gut microbiota and its nutritional adequacy. Mediterranean diets, vegetarian diets, and a diet low in grains, sugars, and lactose (specific carbohydrate diet) are also associated with lower incidence and/or progression of IBD. The associations for dietary patterns are mirrored by inflammatory biomarkers. IBD is typically treated pharmaceutically, however, many have suboptimal response to medical treatments. The findings from this umbrella review could provide evidence for nutritional counselling and be a valuable addition to traditional treatment plans of IBD. REGISTRATION: This systematic review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD440252).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Christensen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrea Knudsen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Erik K Arnesen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Centre of Competence in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lars T Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Ji J, Ma Z, Wang Y. Advancing Gastrointestinal Health: Curcumin's Efficacy and Nanopreparations. Molecules 2024; 29:1659. [PMID: 38611938 PMCID: PMC11013328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CCM) is a polyphenol compound extracted from the turmeric rhizome. It has various biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant. Due to its diverse activities, it is often used by researchers to study the therapeutic effects on various diseases. However, its poor solubility leads to poor bioavailability, and it is necessary to increase the water solubility with the help of carriers to improve the therapeutic effect. Gastrointestinal disease is a major global health problem that continues to affect human health. In this review, we have summarized the possible mechanism and therapeutic effect of CCM in various gastrointestinal diseases, and the improvement in the curative effect of CCM with nanopreparation. Finally, we concluded that there have been many clinical trials of CCM in combination with other drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease, but so far, few have used CCM nanomaterials for treatment. Although in vitro and preclinical experiments have shown that nanopreparations can improve the efficacy of CCM, there are still insufficient studies on the safety of carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Ji
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China;
| | - Zhaojie Ma
- School of Humanities and Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China;
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
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Marrella V, Nicchiotti F, Cassani B. Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4051. [PMID: 38612860 PMCID: PMC11012346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity and mortality. In the past 10 years, the importance of lung microbiota emerged in the context of pulmonary diseases, although the mechanisms by which it impacts the intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On the contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development in the lung. In this review, we present an overview of the lung microbiome modifications occurring during respiratory infections, namely, reduced community diversity and increased microbial burden, and of the downstream consequences on host-pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, and cytokines production, in turn affecting the disease progression and outcome. Particularly, we focus on the role of the gut-lung bidirectional communication in shaping inflammation and immunity in this context, resuming both animal and human studies. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and possibilities related to novel microbial-based (probiotics and dietary supplementation) and microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages), aimed to remodel the composition of resident microbial communities and restore health. Finally, we propose an outlook of some relevant questions in the field to be answered with future research, which may have translational relevance for the prevention and control of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nicchiotti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
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24
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Anwar MM, Laila IMI. The ameliorating effect of Rutin on hepatotoxicity and inflammation induced by the daily administration of vortioxetine in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:153. [PMID: 38581023 PMCID: PMC10996088 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vortioxetine (VORTX) is a potent and selective type of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is mainly prescribed for treating major depression along with mood disorders as the first drug of choice. Limited previous findings have indicated evidence of liver injury and hepatotoxicity associated with daily VORTX treatment. Rutin (RUT), which is known for its antioxidant properties, has demonstrated several beneficial health actions, including hepatoprotection. Therefore the current study aimed to evaluate and assess the ameliorative effect of RUT against the hepatotoxic actions of daily low and high-dose VORTX administration. METHODS The experimental design included six groups of rats, each divided equally. Control, rats exposed to RUT (25 mg/kg), rats exposed to VORTX (28 mg/kg), rats exposed to VORTX (28 mg/kg) + RUT (25 mg/kg), rats exposed to VORTX (80 mg/kg), and rats exposed to VORTX (80 mg/kg) + RUT (25 mg/kg). After 30 days from the daily exposure period, assessments were conducted for serum liver enzyme activities, hepatotoxicity biomarkers, liver antioxidant endogenous enzymes, DNA fragmentation, and histopathological studies of liver tissue. RESULTS Interestingly, the risk of liver damage and hepatotoxicity related to VORTX was attenuated by the daily co-administration of RUT. Significant improvements were observed among all detected liver functions, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total protein, acid phosphatase, N-Acetyl-/β-glucosaminidase (β-NAG), β-Galactosidase (β-Gal), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), caspase 3, and cytochrom-C along with histopathological studies, compared to the control and sole RUT group. CONCLUSION Thus, RUT can be considered a potential and effective complementary therapy in preventing hepatotoxicity and liver injury induced by the daily or prolonged administration of VORTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim Laila
- Department of Biotechnology &Molecular drug evaluation, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)/Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Stanton CR, Petrovski S, Batinovic S. Isolation of a PRD1-like phage uncovers the carriage of three putative conjugative plasmids in clinical Burkholderia contaminans. Res Microbiol 2024:104202. [PMID: 38582389 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2024.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of increasingly multi-drug resistant opportunistic bacteria. This resistance is driven through a combination of intrinsic factors and the carriage of a broad range of conjugative plasmids harbouring virulence determinants. Therefore, novel treatments are required to treat and prevent further spread of these virulence determinants. In the search for phages infective for clinical Bcc isolates, CSP1 phage, a PRD1-like phage was isolated. CSP1 phage was found to require pilus machinery commonly encoded on conjugative plasmids to facilitate infection of Gram-negative bacteria genera including Escherichia and Pseudomonas. Whole genome sequencing and characterisation of one of the clinical Burkholderia isolates revealed it to be Burkholderia contaminans. B. contaminans 5080 was found to contain a genome of over 8 Mbp encoding multiple intrinsic resistance factors, such as efflux pump systems, but more interestingly, carried three novel plasmids encoding multiple putative virulence factors for increased host fitness, including antimicrobial resistance. Even though PRD1-like phages are broad host range, their use in novel antimicrobial treatments shouldn't be dismissed, as the dissemination potential of conjugative plasmids is extensive. Continued survey of clinical bacterial strains is also key to understanding the spread of antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra R Stanton
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Steven Batinovic
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Wang H, Sun Y, Ma X, Yang T, Wang F. The Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 Probiotic Microcapsule Prevents DSS-Induced Colitis through Improving Intestinal Integrity and Reducing Colonic Inflammation in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1055. [PMID: 38613088 PMCID: PMC11013935 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, recognized as beneficial and active microorganisms, often face challenges in maintaining their functionality under harsh conditions such as exposure to stomach acid and bile salts. In this investigation, we developed probiotic microcapsules and assessed their protective effects and underlying mechanisms in a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis using male C57BL/6J mice. The administration of the probiotic microcapsules significantly mitigated body weight loss, prevented colon length shortening, decreased the disease activity index scores, and reduced histopathological scores in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Concurrently, the microencapsulated probiotics preserved intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating the expressions of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, as well as the mucus layer component MUC-2. Moreover, the treatment with probiotic microcapsules suppressed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in the context of DSS-induced colitis. In conclusion, these findings support the utilization of probiotic microcapsules as a potential functional food ingredient to maintain the permeability of the intestinal barrier and alleviate colonic inflammation in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Wang
- Department of Food Science, School of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing100023, China; (H.W.); (Y.S.); (X.M.); (T.Y.)
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Zhu H, Yang X, Zhao Y. Recent Advances in Current Uptake Situation, Metabolic and Nutritional Characteristics, Health, and Safety of Dietary Tryptophan. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6787-6802. [PMID: 38512048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which is unable to be synthesized in the body. Main sources of Trp are uptake of foods such as oats and bananas. In this review, we describe the status of current dietary consumption, metabolic pathways and nutritional characteristics of Trp, as well as its ingestion and downstream metabolites for maintaining body health and safety. This review also summarizes the recent advances in Trp metabolism, particularly the 5-HT, KYN, and AhR activation pathways, revealing that its endogenous host metabolites are not only differentially affected in the body but also are closely linked to health. More attention should be paid to targeting its specific metabolic pathways and utilizing food molecules and probiotics for manipulating Trp metabolism. However, the complexity of microbiota-host interactions requires further exploration to precisely refine targets for innovating the gut microbiota-targeted diagnostic approaches and informing subsequent studies and targeted treatments of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Prasad YR, Anakha J, Pande AH. Treating liver cancer through arginine depletion. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103940. [PMID: 38452923 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer, the sixth most common cancer globally and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths, presents a critical public health threat. Diagnosis often occurs in advanced stages of the disease, aligning incidence with fatality rates. Given that established treatments, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and transarterial radioembolization, face accessibility and affordability challenges, the emerging focus on cancer cell metabolism, particularly arginine (Arg) depletion, offers a promising research avenue. Arg-depleting enzymes show efficacy against Arg-auxotrophic cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, in this review, we explore the limitations of current therapies and highlight the potential of Arg depletion, emphasizing various Arg-hydrolyzing enzymes in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenisetti Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - J Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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Meram E, Russell E, Ozkan O, Kleedehn M. Variceal and Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Refractory to Endoscopic Management: Indications and Role of Interventional Radiology. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2024; 34:275-299. [PMID: 38395484 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
For over 60 years, diagnostic and interventional radiology have been heavily involved in the evaluation and treatment of patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding. For patients who present with upper GI bleeding and have a contraindication to endoscopy or have an unsuccessful attempt at endoscopy for identifying or controlling the bleeding, interventional radiology is often consulted for evaluation and consideration of catheter-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Meram
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Elliott Russell
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Orhan Ozkan
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Mark Kleedehn
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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30
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Roweth HG. Platelet Contributions to the (Pre)metastatic Tumor Microenvironment. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:455-461. [PMID: 37832586 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Alongside their conventional roles in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets have long been associated with nonhemostatic pathologies, including tumor cell metastasis. Numerous mechanistic studies have since demonstrated that the direct binding of platelets to intravascular tumor cells promotes key hallmarks of metastasis, including survival in circulation and tumor cell arrest at secondary sites. However, platelets also interact with nonmalignant cells that make up the stromal and immune compartments within both primary and metastatic tumors. This review will first provide a brief historical perspective on platelet contributions to metastatic disease before discussing the emerging roles that platelets play in creating microenvironments that likely support successful tumor cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey G Roweth
- Hematology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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31
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Hashimoto Y, Kuribayashi S, Itoi Y, Satou K, Nakata K, Kasuga K, Tanaka H, Hosaka H, Masuo T, Maruhashi K, Furuya K, Masuda T, Takahashi K, Yamazaki S, Iwamoto A, Uraoka T. Safety of full bowel preparation and colonoscopy in elderly patients with ulcerative colitis: A real-world multicenter retrospective cohort study. DEN Open 2024; 4:e275. [PMID: 37492188 PMCID: PMC10363834 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Background The number of elderly patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) has been increasing worldwide. Complications are common in elderly patients who undergo colonoscopy, raising doubts about whether colonoscopy should be performed in the same way in this age group as in younger patients. The aim of this study was to determine the safety of full bowel preparation and colonoscopy in elderly patients with UC. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of patients with UC who had visited any of the 12 hospitals and were registered in our inflammatory bowel disease database. We compared complications associated with colonoscopy and bowel preparation and relapse of UC after colonoscopy in 133 patients aged ≥65 years with UC (the elderly group) and 116 randomly selected patients aged <65 years with UC (the non-elderly group). Results Nine elderly patients were not referred for colonoscopy by their physicians because of poor performance status or advanced age. There was no significant between-group difference in the complication rate (p = 0.57) or frequency of relapse of UC after colonoscopy (p = 0.67). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that colonoscopy can be performed as safely in elderly patients with UC as in their younger counterparts. However, our results also indicate that colonoscopy is often avoided in elderly patients, possibly because of concerns about safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineGunmaJapan
| | - Shiko Kuribayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineGunmaJapan
| | - Yuki Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineGunmaJapan
| | - Keigo Satou
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineGunmaJapan
| | - Kou Nakata
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineGunmaJapan
| | - Kengo Kasuga
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineGunmaJapan
| | - Hirohito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineGunmaJapan
| | - Hiroko Hosaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineGunmaJapan
| | - Takashige Masuo
- Department of GastroenterologyIsesaki Municipal HospitalGunmaJapan
| | - Kyoko Maruhashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKusunoki HospitalGunmaJapan
| | - Kensuke Furuya
- Department of GastroenterologyNational Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical CenterGunmaJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Masuda
- Department of GastroenterologyNational Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical CenterGunmaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of GastroenterologyJapanese Red Cross Haramachi HospitalGunmaJapan
| | - Setsuo Yamazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyJapanese Red Cross Maebashi HospitalGunmaJapan
| | - Atsuo Iwamoto
- Department of GastroenterologyPublic Tomioka General HospitalGunmaJapan
| | - Toshio Uraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineGunmaJapan
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Lei Y, Sun W, Xu T, Shan J, Gao M, Lin H. Selenomethionine modulates the JAK2 / STAT3 / A20 pathway through oxidative stress to alleviate LPS-induced pyroptosis and inflammation in chicken hearts. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130564. [PMID: 38272191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is involved in many physiopathologic processes in humans and animals and is strongly associated with the development of heart disease. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are cell wall components of gram-negative bacteria that are present in large quantities during environmental pollution. To investigate the mechanism of LPS-induced cardiac injury and the efficacy of the therapeutic effect of SeMet on LPS, a chicken model supplemented with selenomethionine (SeMet) and/or LPS treatment, as well as a primary chicken embryo cardiomyocyte model with the combined effect of SeMet / JAK2 inhibitor (INCB018424) and/or LPS were established in this experiment. CCK8 kit, Trypan blue staining, DCFH-DA staining, oxidative stress kits, immunofluorescence staining, LDH kit, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and western blot were used. The results proved that LPS exposure led to ROS explosion, hindered the antioxidant system, promoted the expression of the JAK2 pathway, and increased the expression of genes involved in the pyroptosis pathway, inflammatory factors, and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Upon co-treatment with SeMet and LPS, SeMet reduced LPS-induced pyroptosis and inflammation and restored the expression of HSPs by inhibiting the ROS burst and modulating the antioxidant capacity. Co-treatment with INCB018424 and LPS resulted in inhibited of the JAK2 pathway, attenuating pyroptosis, inflammation, and high expression of HSPs. Thus, LPS induced pyroptosis, inflammation, and changes in HSPs activity by activating of the JAK2 / STAT3 / A20 signaling axis in chicken hearts. Moreover, SeMet has a positive effect on LPS-induced injury. This work further provides a theoretical basis for treating cardiac injury by SeMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wenying Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jianhua Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Meichen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hongjin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Pottker ES, Rodrigues LB, Borges KA, de Souza SO, Furian TQ, Pippi Salle CT, de Souza Moraes HL, do Nascimento VP. Bacteriophages as an alternative for biological control of biofilm-forming Salmonella enterica. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2024; 30:197-206. [PMID: 36529875 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221144341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide. Surface adherence and biofilm formation are among the main strategies evolved by Salmonella to survive under harsh conditions and are risk factors for its spread through the food chain. Owing to the increase in antimicrobial resistance, there is a growing need to develop other methods to control foodborne pathogens, and bacteriophages have been suggested as a potential alternative for this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate bacteriophages as a biological control of Salmonella enterica serotypes to inhibit and remove bacterial biofilms. A total of 12 S. enterica isolates were selected for this study, all of which were biofilm producers. Seven bacteriophages were tested, individually and in a cocktail, for their host range and efficiency of plating (EOP). The phage cocktail was evaluated for its antibiofilm effect against the Salmonella biofilms. Phages UPF_BP1, UPF_BP2, UPF_BP3, UPF_BP6, and 10:2 possessed a broad lytic spectrum and could infect all S. enterica strains. Phages 10:2, UPF_BP6, and UPF_BP3 had high EOP in 10, 9, and 9 out of the 12 S. enterica strains, respectively. The cocktail was able to infect all S. enterica strains and had a high EOP in 10 out of 12 S. enterica isolates, presenting a broader host range than any of the tested single phages. A wide variation of inhibition among strains was observed, ranging from 14.72% to 88.53%. Multidrug-resistant and strong biofilm producer strains showed high biofilm inhibition levels by phage cocktail. Our findings demonstrate the ability of the cocktail to prevent biofilm formation and remove formed biofilms of Salmonella. These results indicate that the phage cocktail is a promising candidate to be used as an alternative for the control of Salmonella biofilms through surface conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Serro Pottker
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Beatriz Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Pippi Salle
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Luiz de Souza Moraes
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Pinheiro do Nascimento
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Riveiro-Barciela M, Carballal S, Díaz-González Á, Mañosa M, Gallego-Plazas J, Cubiella J, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Varela M, Menchén L, Sangro B, Fernández-Montes A, Mesonero F, Rodríguez-Gandía MÁ, Rivera F, Londoño MC. Management of liver and gastrointestinal toxicity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Position statement of the AEEH-AEG-SEPD-SEOM-GETECCU. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 47:401-432. [PMID: 38228461 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The development of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is one of the most remarkable achievements in cancer therapy in recent years. However, their exponential use has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Gastrointestinal and liver events encompass hepatitis, colitis and upper digestive tract symptoms accounting for the most common irAEs, with incidence rates varying from 2% to 40%, the latter in patients undergoing combined ICIs therapy. Based on the current scientific evidence derived from both randomized clinical trials and real-world studies, this statement document provides recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the gastrointestinal and hepatic ICI-induced adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Riveiro-Barciela
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Medicine, Spain.
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Díaz-González
- Gastroenterology Department, Grupo de Investigación Clínica y Traslacional en Enfermedades Digestivas, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Míriam Mañosa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario de Ourense, Grupo de Investigación en Oncología Digestiva-Ourense, Spain
| | - Paula Jiménez-Fonseca
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Varela
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, IUOPA, ISPA, FINBA, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Menchén
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo - CEIMI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio, Marañón, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Liver Unit, Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Montes
- Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Francisco Mesonero
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Gandía
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivera
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - María-Carlota Londoño
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Spain
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Klinker S, Fitzsimmons A, Borgert A, Fisher M. Nonoperative Treatment of Diverticulitis and Appendicitis: Which Antibiotic Regimen Fails? J Surg Res 2024; 296:78-87. [PMID: 38232581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diverticulitis and appendicitis are common emergency general surgical conditions. Both can be treated with antibiotics alone; however, no antibiotic regimen has been identified as superior to others. In this study, we review different antibiotic regimens and their rates of failure. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of patients treated empirically with antibiotics for diverticulitis or appendicitis from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, at an independent academic hospital in the Midwest. RESULTS A total of 587 (appendicitis, n = 43; diverticulitis, n = 544) patients were included in the cohort. They were equally male (49%) and female (51%) with a median age of 59 y. Three major antibiotic classes were compared: cephalosporin + metronidazole (C + M), penicillins, and quinolone + metronidazole. Appendicitis patients were more likely to receive C + M for empiric treatment (73%, P < 0.001), while diverticulitis patients were more likely to receive quinolone + metronidazole (45%, P < 0.001). Patients empirically treated with antibiotics for appendicitis were more likely than those treated for diverticulitis to require additional antibiotics or procedure within 90 d (33% versus 13%, respectively; P = 0.005). Empiric treatment with C + M for diverticulitis was more likely to be associated with the need for additional antibiotics or procedures within 90 d than treatment with other regimens (P = 0.003). Choice of antibiotic for empiric treatment did not correlate with death at 90 d for appendicitis or diverticulitis. Diverticulitis patients who were initially treated as inpatients and were prescribed C + M at hospital discharge had a higher rate of death than those who were prescribed the other antibiotics (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Empiric antibiotic treatment of appendicitis is more likely to be associated with additional antibiotics or procedure when compared with diverticulitis; however, antibiotic choice did not correlate with any of the other outcomes. Empiric treatment with a C + M for diverticulitis was more likely to be correlated with the need for additional antibiotics or procedure within 90 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Klinker
- Department of Medical Education, General Surgery Residency, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
| | - Alec Fitzsimmons
- Department of Medical Research, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew Borgert
- Department of Medical Research, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Mason Fisher
- Department of General Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
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36
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Lawson CM, Jones C, Herman M, Kim C, Mannino E, Omer E, Venegas C. Does Ileus Represent the Forgotten End Organ Failure in Critical Illness? Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11894-023-00910-8. [PMID: 38558135 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-023-00910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluates the current literature on ileus, impaired gastrointestinal transit (IGT), and acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) and its impact on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS Ileus is often under recognized in critically ill patients and is associated with significant morbidity and is potentially a marker of disease severity as seen in other organs like kidneys (ATN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M Lawson
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
| | - Chris Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Herman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Borland Groover Clinic, Fleming Island, FL, USA
| | - Cecilia Kim
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mannino
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Endashaw Omer
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Carlas Venegas
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinc, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Argüero J, Sifrim D. Pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: implications for diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:282-293. [PMID: 38177402 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder in which retrograde flow of gastric content into the oesophagus causes uncomfortable symptoms and/or complications. It has a multifactorial and partially understood pathophysiology. GERD starts in the stomach, where the refluxate material is produced. Following the trajectory of reflux, the failure of the antireflux barrier, primarily the lower oesophageal sphincter and the crural diaphragm, enables the refluxate to reach the oesophageal lumen, triggering oesophageal or extra-oesophageal symptoms. Reflux clearance mechanisms such as primary and secondary peristalsis and the arrival of bicarbonate-rich saliva are critical to prevent mucosal damage. Alterations of the oesophageal mucosal integrity, such as macroscopic oesophagitis or microscopic changes, determine the perception of symptoms. The intensity of the symptoms is affected by peripheral and central neural and psychological mechanisms. In this Review, we describe an updated understanding of the complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of GERD. It is now recognized that different GERD phenotypes have different degrees of reflux, severity of mucosal integrity damage and type, and severity of symptoms. These variations are probably due to the occurrence of a predominant pathophysiological mechanism in each patient. We also describe the main pathophysiological mechanisms of GERD and their implications for personalized diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Argüero
- Neurogastroenterology section of Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Sifrim
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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38
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Goltstein LCMJ, Grooteman KV, Bernts LHP, Scheffer RCH, Laheij RJF, Gilissen LPL, Schrauwen RWM, Talstra NC, Zuur AT, Braat H, Hadithi M, Brouwer JT, Nagengast WB, Oort FA, Tenthof van Noorden J, Kievit W, van Geenen EJM, Drenth JPH. Standard of Care Versus Octreotide in Angiodysplasia-Related Bleeding (the OCEAN Study): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Gastroenterology 2024; 166:690-703. [PMID: 38158089 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastrointestinal angiodysplasias are vascular anomalies that may result in transfusion-dependent anemia despite endoscopic therapy. An individual patient data meta-analysis of cohort studies suggests that octreotide decreases rebleeding rates, but component studies possessed a high risk of bias. We investigated the efficacy of octreotide in reducing the transfusion requirements of patients with angiodysplasia-related anemia in a clinical trial setting. METHODS The study was designed as a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Patients with angiodysplasia bleeding were required to have had at least 4 red blood cell (RBC) units or parental iron infusions, or both, in the year preceding randomization. Patients were allocated (1:1) to 40-mg octreotide long-acting release intramuscular every 28 days or standard of care, including endoscopic therapy. The treatment duration was 1 year. The primary outcome was the mean difference in the number of transfusion units (RBC + parental iron) between the octreotide and standard of care groups. Patients who received at least 1 octreotide injection or followed standard of care for at least 1 month were included in the intention-to-treat analyses. Analyses of covariance were used to adjust for baseline transfusion requirements and incomplete follow-up. RESULTS We enrolled 62 patients (mean age, 72 years; 32 men) from 17 Dutch hospitals in the octreotide (n = 31) and standard of care (n = 31) groups. Patients required a mean number of 20.3 (standard deviation, 15.6) transfusion units and 2.4 (standard deviation, 2.0) endoscopic procedures in the year before enrollment. The total number of transfusions was lower with octreotide (11.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5-16.5) compared with standard of care (21.2; 95% CI, 15.7-26.7). Octreotide reduced the mean number of transfusion units by 10.2 (95% CI, 2.4-18.1; P = .012). Octreotide reduced the annual volume of endoscopic procedures by 0.9 (95% CI, 0.3-1.5). CONCLUSIONS Octreotide effectively reduces transfusion requirements and the need for endoscopic therapy in patients with angiodysplasia-related anemia. CLINICALTRIALS gov, NCT02384122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia C M J Goltstein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Karina V Grooteman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucas H P Bernts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert C H Scheffer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J F Laheij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Lennard P L Gilissen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud W M Schrauwen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke C Talstra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham T Zuur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tjongerschans, Heerenveen, the Netherlands
| | - Henri Braat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Muhammed Hadithi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes T Brouwer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter B Nagengast
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank A Oort
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wietske Kievit
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin J M van Geenen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Dahiya DS, Chandan S, Bapaye J, Mohan BP, Ramai D, Kassab LL, Chandan OC, Dulai PS, Kochhar GS. Safety and Effectiveness of Vedolizumab in Elderly Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:378-388. [PMID: 37224287 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited data on Vedolizumab utilization in elderly patients. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of Vedolizumab in this subset population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Databases including Cochrane Central, Embase, Medline (via Ovid), Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in August 2022 to identify studies that assessed Vedolizumab therapy in elderly patients. Pooled proportion and risk ratios (RR) were calculated. RESULTS Total 11 studies with 3546 IBD patients (1314 elderly and 2232 young) were included in the final analysis. Pooled rate of overall and serious infections in the elderly cohort was 8.45% (95% CI=6.27-11.29; I 2 23%) and 2.59% (95% CI=0.78-8.29; I 2 76%), respectively. However, there was no difference in overall infection rates between elderly and young patients. Pooled rate of endoscopic, clinical, and steroid-free remission for elderly IBD patients was 38.45% (95% CI=20.74-59.56; I 2 93%), 37.95% (95% CI=33.08-43.06; I 2 13%), and 38.8% (95% CI=31.6-46.4; I 2 77%), respectively. Elderly patients had lower steroid-free remission rates [RR 0.85, 95% CI=0.74-0.99; I 2 0%, P =0.03]; however, there was no difference in rates of clinical (RR 0.86, 95% CI=0.72-1.03; I 2 0%, P =0.10) or endoscopic remission (RR 1.06, 95% CI=0.83-1.35; I 2 0%, P =0.63) compared with younger patients. Pooled rate of IBD-related surgery and IBD-related hospitalizations was 9.76% (95% CI=5.81-15.92; I 2 78%) and 10.54% (95% CI=8.37-13.2; I 2 0%), respectively for the elderly cohort. There was no statistical difference in IBD-related surgeries between elderly and young IBD patients, RR 1.20 (95% CI=0.79-1.84; I 2 16%), P =0.4. CONCLUSIONS Vedolizumab is equally safe and effective for clinical and endoscopic remission in elderly and younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Singh Dahiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, MI
| | - Saurabh Chandan
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, CHI Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Jay Bapaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY
| | - Babu P Mohan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Lena L Kassab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ojasvini C Chandan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Parambir S Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Gursimran S Kochhar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
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40
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Angima G, Qu Y, Park SH, Dallas DC. Prebiotic Strategies to Manage Lactose Intolerance Symptoms. Nutrients 2024; 16:1002. [PMID: 38613035 PMCID: PMC11013211 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactose intolerance, which affects about 65-75% of the world's population, is caused by a genetic post-weaning deficiency of lactase, the enzyme required to digest the milk sugar lactose, called lactase non-persistence. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. Genetic variations, namely lactase persistence, allow some individuals to metabolize lactose effectively post-weaning, a trait thought to be an evolutionary adaptation to dairy consumption. Although lactase non-persistence cannot be altered by diet, prebiotic strategies, including the consumption of galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) and possibly low levels of lactose itself, may shift the microbiome and mitigate symptoms of lactose consumption. This review discusses the etiology of lactose intolerance and the efficacy of prebiotic approaches like GOSs and low-dose lactose in symptom management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Angima
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (G.A.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yunyao Qu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (G.A.); (Y.Q.)
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (G.A.); (Y.Q.)
| | - David C. Dallas
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (G.A.); (Y.Q.)
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Chong AC, Khan DA, Klausner JD. Viral infection: A missed cause of chronic spontaneous urticaria? Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116292. [PMID: 38555835 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert C Chong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Keith Administration 100B, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - David A Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Fang Y, Xiang W, Cui J, Jiao B, Su X. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Citrus Flavonoid Diosmetin: An Updated Review of Experimental Models. Molecules 2024; 29:1521. [PMID: 38611801 PMCID: PMC11013832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential contributor to various human diseases. Diosmetin (3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone), a citrus flavonoid, can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. All the information in this article was collected from various research papers from online scientific databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. These studies have demonstrated that diosmetin can slow down the progression of inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators through modulating related pathways, predominantly the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the anti-inflammatory properties of diosmetin in cellular and animal models of various inflammatory diseases for the first time. We have identified some deficiencies in current research and offer suggestions for further advancement. In conclusion, accumulating evidence so far suggests a very important role for diosmetin in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders and suggests it is a candidate worthy of in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Wei Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinwei Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.X.); (J.C.)
| | - Bining Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China;
| | - Xuesu Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.X.); (J.C.)
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43
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Sawaid IO, Samson AO. Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiological and Mechanistic Evidence. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1970. [PMID: 38610738 PMCID: PMC11012754 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed long-acting drugs used to treat acid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and peptic ulcers. Recently, concerns have been raised about their safety, particularly due to the association between long-term PPI use and cancer development. Multiple comprehensive studies have consistently suggested a noteworthy link between prolonged PPI usage and an increased risk of developing gastric, esophageal, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, yet the precise underlying mechanism remains elusive. Methods: First, we review the extensive body of research that investigates the intricate relationship between cancer and PPIs. Then, we predict PPI toxicity using the prodrug structures with the ProTox-II webserver. Finally, we predict the relative risk of cancer for each PPI, using PubMed citation counts of each drug and keywords related to cancer. Results: Our review indicates that prolonged PPI use (exceeding three months) is significantly associated with an elevated risk of cancer, while shorter-term usage (less than three months) appears to pose a comparatively lower risk. Our review encompasses various proposed mechanisms, such as pH and microbiome alterations, vitamin and mineral malabsorption, hypergastrinemia, and enterochromaffin-like cell proliferation, while ProTox-II also suggests aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding. Potentially, the PubMed citations count suggests that the PPIs omeprazole and lansoprazole are more associated with cancer than pantoprazole and esomeprazole. In comparison, the H2R blocker, famotidine, is potentially less associated with cancer than PPIs, and may serve as a safer alternative treatment for periods beyond 3 months. Conclusions: Despite the well-established cancer risk associated with PPIs, it is notable that these medications continue to be widely prescribed for periods longer than 3 months. Thus, it is of paramount importance for clinicians and patients to thoughtfully evaluate the potential risks and benefits of long-term PPI usage and explore alternative treatments before making informed decisions regarding their medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abraham O. Samson
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel;
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Huang J, Huang T, Li J. Regulation Mechanism and Potential Value of Active Substances in Spices in Alcohol-Liver-Intestine Axis Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3728. [PMID: 38612538 PMCID: PMC11011869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol intake will aggravate the health risk between the liver and intestine and affect the multi-directional information exchange of metabolites between host cells and microbial communities. Because of the side effects of clinical drugs, people tend to explore the intervention value of natural drugs on diseases. As a flavor substance, spices have been proven to have medicinal value, but they are still rare in treating hepatointestinal diseases caused by alcohol. This paper summarized the metabolic transformation of alcohol in the liver and intestine and summarized the potential value of various perfume active substances in improving liver and intestine diseases caused by alcohol. It is also found that bioactive substances in spices can exert antioxidant activity in the liver and intestine environment and reduce the oxidative stress caused by diseases. These substances can interfere with fatty acid synthesis, promote sugar and lipid metabolism, and reduce liver injury caused by steatosis. They can effectively regulate the balance of intestinal flora, promote the production of SCFAs, and restore the intestinal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tao Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
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Visser E, Heuthorst L, Pathmakanthan S, Bemelman WA, D'Haens GR, Handley K, Fakis A, Pinkney TD, Buskens CJ, Dijkgraaf MGW. Clinical statistical analysis plan for the ACCURE trial: the effect of appendectomy on the clinical course of ulcerative colitis, a randomised international multicentre trial. Trials 2024; 25:218. [PMID: 38532488 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is medical therapy using a standard step-up approach. An appendectomy might modulate the clinical course of UC, decreasing the incidence of relapses and reducing need for medication. The objective of the ACCURE trial is to assess the efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy in addition to standard medical treatment in maintaining remission in UC patients. This article presents the statistical analysis plan to evaluate the outcomes of the ACCURE trial. DESIGN AND METHODS The ACCURE trial was designed as a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. UC patients with a new diagnosis or a disease relapse within the past 12 months, treated with 5-ASA, corticosteroids, or immunomodulators until complete clinical and endoscopic remission (defined as total Mayo score < 3 with endoscopic subscore of 0 or 1), were counselled for inclusion. Also, patients previously treated with biologicals who had a washout period of at least 3 months were considered for inclusion. Patients were randomised (1:1) to laparoscopic appendectomy plus maintenance treatment or a control group (maintenance therapy only). The primary outcome is the 1-year UC relapse rate (defined as a total Mayo-score ≥ 5 with endoscopic subscore of 2 or 3, or clinically as an exacerbation of symptoms and rectal bleeding or FCP > 150 or intensified medical therapy other than 5-ASA therapy). Secondary outcomes include number of relapses per patient, time to first relapse, disease activity, number of colectomies, medication usage, and health-related quality of life. DISCUSSION The ACCURE trial will provide comprehensive evidence whether adding an appendectomy to maintenance treatment is superior to maintenance treatment only in maintaining remission in UC patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch Trial Register (NTR) NTR2883 . Registered May 3, 2011. ISRCTN, ISRCTN60945764 . Registered August 12, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Visser
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lianne Heuthorst
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shri Pathmakanthan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Willem A Bemelman
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly Handley
- University of Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Apostolos Fakis
- Derby Clinical Trials Support Unit, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Thomas D Pinkney
- Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christianne J Buskens
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G W Dijkgraaf
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Iyengar P, Godoy-Brewer G, Maniyar I, White J, Maas L, Parian AM, Limketkai B. Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:934. [PMID: 38612967 PMCID: PMC11013716 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are used by patients with IBD despite limited evidence. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating treatment with herbal medicines in active ulcerative colitis (UC). A search query designed by a library informationist was used to identify potential articles for inclusion. Articles were screened and data were extracted by at least two investigators. Outcomes of interest included clinical response, clinical remission, endoscopic response, endoscopic remission, and safety. We identified 28 RCTs for 18 herbs. In pooled analyses, when compared with placebo, clinical response rates were significantly higher for Indigo naturalis (IN) (RR 3.70, 95% CI 1.97-6.95), but not for Curcuma longa (CL) (RR 1.60, 95% CI 0.99-2.58) or Andrographis paniculata (AP) (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.71-1.26). There was a significantly higher rate of clinical remission for CL (RR 2.58, 95% CI 1.18-5.63), but not for AP (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.86-2.01). Higher rates of endoscopic response (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08-2.26) and remission (RR 19.37, 95% CI 2.71-138.42) were significant for CL. CL has evidence supporting its use as an adjuvant therapy in active UC. Research with larger scale and well-designed RCTs, manufacturing regulations, and education are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | | | - Isha Maniyar
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jacob White
- Welch Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Laura Maas
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Alyssa M. Parian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Berkeley Limketkai
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Nang SC, Lu J, Yu HH, Wickremasinghe H, Azad MAK, Han M, Zhao J, Rao G, Bergen PJ, Velkov T, Sherry N, McCarthy DT, Aslam S, Schooley RT, Howden BP, Barr JJ, Zhu Y, Li J. Phage resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and bidirectional effects impacting antibiotic susceptibility. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024:S1198-743X(24)00145-9. [PMID: 38522841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is a promising anti-infective option to combat antimicrobial resistance. However, the clinical utilization of phage therapy has been severely compromised by the potential emergence of phage resistance. Although certain phage resistance mechanisms can restore bacterial susceptibility to certain antibiotics, a lack of knowledge of phage resistance mechanisms hinders optimal use of phages and their combination with antibiotics. METHODS Genome-wide transposon screening was performed with a mutant library of Klebsiella pneumoniae MKP103 to identify phage pKMKP103_1-resistant mutants. Phage-resistant phenotypes were evaluated by time-kill kinetics and efficiency of plating assays. Phage resistance mechanisms were investigated with adsorption, one-step growth, and mutation frequency assays. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined with broth microdilution and population analysis profiles. RESULTS We observed a repertoire of phage resistance mechanisms in K pneumoniae, such as disruption of phage binding (fhuA::Tn and tonB::Tn), extension of the phage latent period (mnmE::Tn and rpoN::Tn), and increased mutation frequency (mutS::Tn and mutL::Tn). Notably, in contrast to the prevailing view that phage resistance re-sensitizes antibiotic-resistant bacteria, we observed a bidirectional steering effect on bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. Specifically, rpoN::Tn increased susceptibility to colistin while mutS::Tn and mutL::Tn increased resistance to rifampicin and colistin. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that K pneumoniae employs multiple strategies to overcome phage infection, which may result in enhanced or reduced antibiotic susceptibility. Mechanism-guided phage steering should be incorporated into phage therapy to better inform clinical decisions on phage-antibiotic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue C Nang
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi H Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hasini Wickremasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammad A K Azad
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meiling Han
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gauri Rao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Phillip J Bergen
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Norelle Sherry
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David T McCarthy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saima Aslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy J Barr
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Pasta A, Pelizzaro F, Marabotto E, Calabrese F, Formisano E, Djahandideh Sheijani S, Brandimarte G, Manes G, Gravina AG, Savarino EV. Patient journey in gastroesophageal reflux disease: real-world perspectives from Italian gastroenterologists, primary care physicians, and ENT specialists. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241239590. [PMID: 38524789 PMCID: PMC10960349 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241239590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a challenging condition that involves different physicians, such as general practitioners (GPs), gastroenterologists, and ears, nose and throat (ENT) specialists. A common approach consists of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) administration. Adjunctive pharmacological treatment may have a role in the management of non-responders to PPIs. Objectives We aimed to survey GPs and different medical specialists to investigate the medical approaches to patients reporting GERD symptoms. In addition, we examined the use of adjunctive pharmacological treatments in patients with GERD symptoms who do not respond to PPIs. Design Retrospective observational study. Methods A survey was conducted among a large sample of gastroenterologists, GPs, and ENT specialists. Symptoms were divided into typical and extraesophageal, and their severity and impact on quality of life were explored with the GERD Impact Scale and with Reflux Symptom Index (RSI). All therapies administered usually for GERD were investigated. Results A total of 6211 patients were analyzed in this survey. Patients with typical symptoms were 53.5%, while those with extraesophageal symptoms were 46.5%. The latter were more frequently reported by ENT patients (53.6%, p < 0.0001). The GSI was higher in patients followed by gastroenterologists (9 points) and GPs (9 points) than ENT specialists (8 points), but the RSI was higher in the ENT group (14.3 ± 6.93) than in GPs and gastroenterologist groups (10.36 ± 6.36 and 10.81 ± 7.30, p < 0.0001). Chest pain had the highest negative impact on quality of life (p < 0.0001). Of the 3025 patients who used PPIs, non-responders showed a lower GSI when treated with a combination of adjunctive pharmacological treatments and bioadhesive compounds, than with single-component drugs. Conclusion Patients with GERD referred to a gastroenterologist had more severe disease and poorer quality of life. The combination of adjunctive pharmacological treatments and bioadhesive compounds seems to be effective in the management of PPI refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pasta
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo Pelizzaro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Calabrese
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Formisano
- Nutritional Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Brandimarte
- Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Cristo Re Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Manes
- Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital, ASST Rhodense, Rho, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitell’, Naples, Italy
- Andrea Pasta; Elisa Marabotto; Francesco Calabrese; Shirin Djahandideh Sheijaniare also affiliated to IRCCS, Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Mager LF, Krause T, McCoy KD. Interaction of microbiota, mucosal malignancies, and immunotherapy-Mechanistic insights. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00026-6. [PMID: 38521413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome has emerged as a crucial modulator of host-immune interactions and clearly impacts tumor development and therapy efficacy. The microbiome is a double-edged sword in cancer development and therapy as both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic bacterial taxa have been identified. The staggering number of association-based studies in various tumor types has led to an enormous amount of data that makes it difficult to identify bacteria that promote tumor development or modulate therapy efficacy from bystander bacteria. Here we aim to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of microbiome-host immunity interactions and cancer therapy in various mucosal tissues to find commonalities and thus identify potential functionally relevant bacterial taxa. Moreover, we also review recent studies identifying specific bacteria and mechanisms through which the microbiome modulates cancer development and therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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50
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Martinez-Soto CE, McClelland M, Kropinski AM, Lin JT, Khursigara CM, Anany H. Multireceptor phage cocktail against Salmonella enterica to circumvent phage resistance. Microlife 2024; 5:uqae003. [PMID: 38545601 PMCID: PMC10972627 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the most common food-borne pathogens worldwide, with poultry products being the major vehicle for pathogenesis in humans. The use of bacteriophage (phage) cocktails has recently emerged as a novel approach to enhancing food safety. Here, a multireceptor Salmonella phage cocktail of five phages was developed and characterized. The cocktail targets four receptors: O-antigen, BtuB, OmpC, and rough Salmonella strains. Structural analysis indicated that all five phages belong to unique families or subfamilies. Genome analysis of four of the phages showed they were devoid of known virulence or antimicrobial resistance factors, indicating enhanced safety. The phage cocktail broad antimicrobial spectrum against Salmonella, significantly inhibiting the growth of all 66 strains from 20 serovars tested in vitro. The average bacteriophage insensitive mutant (BIM) frequency against the cocktail was 6.22 × 10-6 in S. Enteritidis, significantly lower than that of each of the individual phages. The phage cocktail reduced the load of Salmonella in inoculated chicken skin by 3.5 log10 CFU/cm2 after 48 h at 25°C and 15°C, and 2.5 log10 CFU/cm2 at 4°C. A genome-wide transduction assay was used to investigate the transduction efficiency of the selected phage in the cocktail. Only one of the four phages tested could transduce the kanamycin resistance cassette at a low frequency comparable to that of phage P22. Overall, the results support the potential of cocktails of phage that each target different host receptors to achieve complementary infection and reduce the emergence of phage resistance during biocontrol applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Martinez-Soto
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Rd W, N1G 5C9, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 811 Health Sciences Road, CA 92614, United States
| | - Andrew M Kropinski
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, 419 Gordon St, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Janet T Lin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Rd W, N1G 5C9, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cezar M Khursigara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Rd W, N1G 5C9, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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