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Zhao W, Ju H, Zhu K. Meta-analysis of the intervention effects of tai chi on fasting blood glucose, blood pressure and triglyceride in middle-aged and elderly people. Aging Male 2024; 27:2282977. [PMID: 38259166 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2023.2282977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia have emerged as global health concerns of paramount significance. With the burgeoning popularity of mind-body therapy, cardiovascular patients have increasingly exhibited a vested interest in the practice of Tai Chi. The objective of this study seeks to quantitatively assess the impact of Tai Chi interventions on blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose concentrations among the elderly population, thereby explaining the optimal intervention protocol. METHODS An extensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, RISS, KISS, and DBPIA, comprising English, Korean, and Chinese literature. The search strategy employed a retrieval method of subject term 1 + subject term 2, which included both full names and abbreviations of the terms. Specifically, "taijiquan" or "Tai Chi" were set as the Term 1, while Term 2 was set as "blood pressure," "BP," "Fasting blood glucose," "FBG," "Triglyceride," and "TG." Thereafter, the retrieved articles were filtered in accordance with the PICOS method. Risk of bias assessment was performed using RoB 2.0, while data analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.7. RESULTS A total of 57 studies, including 3,856 research subjects, were eligible for inclusion. The findings of the primary effect quantitative synthesis demonstrated that Tai Chi exerted an improvement on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (ES = -0.764, p < .001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (ES = -0.426, p = .001), triglyceride (TG) (ES = -0.452, p < .001), and fasting blood glucose concentrations (FBG) (ES = -0.552, p = .002) among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Subgroup analysis further revealed that the intervention effects were significantly influenced by the characteristics of the research subjects and the specific intervention protocol employed. CONCLUSION Tai Chi, as a gentle form of aerobic exercise, exerts a profound impact on reducing blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, and triglyceride concentrations among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Notably, the intervention effect is particularly pronounced among male patients afflicted with hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. Based on the collective advantages underscored by this research, we strongly recommend engaging in Tai Chi exercises for a minimum duration of 16 weeks, with each session lasting 30-50 min and conducted 6-7 times per week, without any restrictions on the style employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Zhao
- Department of Sports Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hanyu Ju
- Department of Sports Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kaituo Zhu
- Department of Sports Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
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Rocha S, Bower JE, Chiang JJ, Cole SW, Irwin MR, Seeman T, Fuligni AJ. A dyadic longitudinal analysis of parent-adolescent inflammation trends and the role of shared socioeconomic characteristics on family inflammation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100767. [PMID: 38633057 PMCID: PMC11021828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the interdependency of parent-adolescent inflammation trends across time and to examine whether shared family socioeconomic characteristics explained between-family differences in parents' and adolescents' risk for inflammation. A total of N = 348 families, consisting of one parent and one adolescent child, were followed every two years in a three-wave longitudinal study. Sociodemographic questionnaires were used to determine parental educational attainment and family income-to-needs ratio (INR). At each time point, parents and adolescents collected dried blood spot (DBS) samples that were assayed for circulating CRP and log-transformed prior to analysis by longitudinal dyadic models. Models revealed significant differences in parents' and adolescents' inflammation trends over time (bint = - 0.13, p < 0.001). While parental CRP levels remained relatively stable across the study period, adolescent CRP increased by approximately 38% between study waves. Parents' average CRP levels were positively correlated with adolescents' average CRP (r = 0.32, p < 0.001), but parental change in CRP over time was not significantly related to change in adolescents' CRP over time. Family dyads with higher parental educational attainment had lower average CRP (b = -0.08, p = 0.01), but parental education did not predict change in dyads' inflammation over time. Study findings suggest that shared family socioeconomic characteristics contribute to baseline similarities in parents' and adolescents' inflammation and potentially point to adolescence as a period of inflammatory change where youth may diverge from parental inflammation trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rocha
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Julienne E. Bower
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jessica J. Chiang
- Georgetown University, Department of Psychology, Washington, D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Steve W. Cole
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael R. Irwin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Teresa Seeman
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Andrew J. Fuligni
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Sun R, Liang Y, Zhu S, Yin Q, Bian Y, Ma H, Zhao F, Yin G, Tang D. Homotherapy-for-heteropathy of Bupleurum Chinense DC.-Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in treating depression and colorectal cancer: A network pharmacology and animal model approach. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118038. [PMID: 38479544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bupleurum chinense DC.-Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (BS) is a classic drug pair that has good clinical effects on depression and many tumors. However, the concurrent targeting mechanism of how the aforementioned drug pair is valid in the two distinct diseases, has not been clarified yet. AIM OF THE STUDY The components of BS were detected by LC-MS, combined with network pharmacology to explore the active ingredients and common targeting mechanism of its multi-pathway regulation of BS in treating depression and CRC, and to validate the dual effects of BS using the CUMS mice model and orthotopic transplantation tumor mice model of CRC. RESULTS Twenty-nine components were screened, 84 common gene targets were obteined, and the top 5 key targets including STAT3, PIK3R1, PIK3CA, AKT1, IL-6 were identified by PPI network. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways might play a crucial role of BS in regulating depression and CRC. BS significantly modulated CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior, attenuated neuronal damage, and reduced serum EPI and NE levels in CUMS model mice. BS improved the pathological histological changes of solid tumors and liver tissues and inhibited solid tumors and liver metastases in tumor-bearing mice. BS significantly decreased the proteins' expression of IL-6, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-PI3K, p-AKT1 in hippocampal tissues and solid tumors, and regulated the levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum of two models of mice. CONCLUSION BS can exert dual antidepressant and anti-CRC effects by inhibiting the expression of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathway proteins and regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shijiao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qihang Yin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Bian
- Labthatory Animal Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongyue Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Gang Yin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Decai Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Kenntemich L, von Hülsen L, Eggert L, Kriston L, Gallinat J, Schäfer I, Lotzin A. Trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: A longitudinal cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:136-146. [PMID: 38552918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most COVID-19-related mental health research focused on average levels of mental health parameters in the general population. However, considering heterogeneous groups and their long-term responses could deepen our understanding of mental health during community crises. This four-wave study aimed to (1) identify subgroups with different trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the German general population, and (2) investigate associated risk factors. METHODS We analyzed self-report data from N = 1257 German adults participating in a European cohort study, assessed in summer 2020 (T1), and at 6 (T2), 12 (T3), and 30 months (T4). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the PHQ-4. Sociodemographic, health-related, and pandemic-related variables were assessed at baseline. We applied growth mixture modeling to identify subgroups of symptom trajectories and conducted multinomial logistic regression to examine factors associated with class membership. RESULTS We identified six symptom trajectories: Low-stable (n = 971, 77.2 %), Continuous deterioration (n = 30, 2.4 %), Transient deterioration (n = 75, 6.0 %), Continuous improvement (n = 97, 7.7 %), Transient improvement (n = 38, 3.0 %) and Chronicity (n = 46, 3.7 %). Age, education, work status, mental health diagnoses, self-reported health, and pandemic-related news consumption were significantly associated with subgroup membership. LIMITATIONS The generalizability of the study is constrained by an unrepresentative sampling method, a notable dropout rate, and limited consideration of risk factors. CONCLUSION Most people experienced low symptoms or improvement during the pandemic, while others experienced chronic or transient symptoms. Specific risk factors were associated with these trajectories, revealing nuanced mental health dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kenntemich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Leonie von Hülsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Eggert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Levente Kriston
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Becker D, Bernecker K. Happy Hour: The association between trait hedonic capacity and motivation to drink alcohol. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100537. [PMID: 38501096 PMCID: PMC10945110 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The (over)consumption of alcohol and other addictive substances is often conceptualized as a problem of low self-control (i.e., people's inability to inhibit unwanted impulses). According to that view, people drink because they cannot resist. In the present studies, we approached this from a different perspective and tested whether alcohol consumption might also be a problem of low hedonic capacity (i.e., people's inability to experience pleasure and relaxation, often due to intrusive thoughts). According to that view, people drink because it helps them enjoy or cope with negative thoughts or emotions. In two studies among individuals at low risk of harmful alcohol use (e.g., AUDIT < 7) we consistently found that trait hedonic capacity was unrelated to alcohol consumption but negatively related to coping motivation (drinking alcohol to cope with negative thoughts and feelings; Study 1: N = 348; Study 2: N = 302, preregistered). Exploratory analyses in study 2 (conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic) also showed that people with low, but not high, trait hedonic capacity drank more alcohol in response to stress. Our findings are in line with the notion that people's drinking motivation and behavior might not only be a problem of poor self-control but also of low trait hedonic capacity. They align with a new direction in addiction prevention and treatment research, which explores ways to help people to seek out and savor hedonic experiences from non-drug related reinforcers (e.g., engaging in leisure activities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Becker
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Bernecker
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstraße 6, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- University of Zurich, Allgemeine Psychologie (Motivation), Binzmühlestrasse 14/Box6, 050 Zürich, Switzerland
- URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Ji X, Guo X, Soh KL, Japar S, He L. Effectiveness of stress management interventions for nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13113. [PMID: 38566439 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Elevated stress levels are related to diminished mental health, potentially leading to decreased well-being and performance of nursing students. While researchers have focused on developing stress management interventions, there is a need to synthesize the evidence. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of stress management interventions in nursing students. A systematic literature search identified controlled stress management interventions employing a validated psychological or physiological stress measure. Forty-one studies were included, with 36 forming a pool of 2715 participants in the meta-analysis. The overall effect on psychological stress was positive. Intervention type, delivery modality, intervention duration in weeks, and number of sessions were moderators of intervention effectiveness, with more significant effects for mind-body programs, on-site delivery methods, durations of 9-12 weeks, and 15-30 sessions. For physiological stress, the biomarkers of blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol levels decreased significantly. Future research is necessary for promising outcomes related to currently underrepresented indicators and to investigate the long-term effects of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ji
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Kim Lam Soh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Salimah Japar
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Liping He
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Shoenfelt A, Pehlivanoglu D, Lin T, Ziaei M, Feifel D, Ebner NC. Effects of chronic intranasal oxytocin on visual attention to faces vs. natural scenes in older adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107018. [PMID: 38461634 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in face processing, including desensitization to face cues like gaze direction and an attentional preference to faces with positive over negative emotional valence. A parallel line of research has shown that acute administration of oxytocin (OT) increases visual attention to social stimuli such as human faces. The current study examined effects of chronic OT administration among older adults on fixation duration to faces that varied in emotional expression, gaze direction, age, and sex. One hundred and twelve generally healthy older adults (aged 55-95 years) underwent a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, between-subject clinical trial in which they self-administered either OT or placebo (P) intranasally twice a day for 4 weeks. The behavioral task involved rating the trustworthiness of faces (i.e., social stimuli) and natural scenes (i.e., non-social control stimuli) during eye tracking and was conducted before and after the intervention. Fixation duration to both the faces and the natural scenes declined from pre- to post-intervention, however this decline was less pronounced among older adults in the OT compared to the P group for faces but not scenes. Further, face cues (emotional expression, gaze direction, age, sex) did not moderate the treatment effect. This study provides first evidence that chronic intranasal OT maintains salience of social cues over time in older adults, perhaps buffering effects of habituation. These findings enhance understanding of OT effects on social cognition among older adults, and would benefit from follow up with a young adult comparison group to directly speak to specificity of observed effects to older adults and reflection of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayna Shoenfelt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 112250, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250, USA.
| | - Didem Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 112250, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250, USA
| | - Tian Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 112250, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250, USA
| | - Maryam Ziaei
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7030, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's disease, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - David Feifel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Natalie C Ebner
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 112250, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250, USA; Cognitive Aging and Memory Program, Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Arif Y, Son JJ, Okelberry HJ, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Wiesman AI, Wilson TW. Modulation of movement-related oscillatory signatures by cognitive interference in healthy aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:3021-3034. [PMID: 38175521 PMCID: PMC11009213 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the neurophysiology underlying motor control are well documented, but whether these changes are specific to motor function or more broadly reflect age-related alterations in fronto-parietal circuitry serving attention and other higher-level processes remains unknown. Herein, we collected high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 72 healthy adults (age 28-63 years) as they completed an adapted version of the multi-source interference task that involved two subtypes of cognitive interference (i.e., flanker and Simon) and their integration (i.e., multi-source). All MEG data were examined for age-related changes in neural oscillatory activity using a whole-brain beamforming approach. Our primary findings indicated robust behavioral differences in task performance based on the type of interference, as well as stronger beta oscillations with increasing age in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (flanker and multi-source conditions), left parietal (flanker and Simon), and medial parietal regions (multi-source). Overall, these data indicate that healthy aging is associated with alterations in higher-order association cortices that are critical for attention and motor control in the context of cognitive interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasra Arif
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA.
| | - Jake J Son
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hannah J Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, 68010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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Olver ME, Stockdale KC, Riemer EK. The Risk, Need, and Responsivity Relevance of Working Alliance in a Sexual Offense Treatment Program: Its Intersection With Psychopathy, Diversity, and Treatment Change. Sex Abuse 2024; 36:383-417. [PMID: 37093565 PMCID: PMC11010564 DOI: 10.1177/10790632231172161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the self-reported working alliance of men attending a high intensity sexual offense treatment program and its associations with psychopathy, sexual violence risk, treatment change, and recidivism, in a Canadian sample of 317 incarcerated men followed up an average of approximately 10 years post release. Working Alliance Inventory (WAI; Horvath & Greenberg, 1989) self-reported total, Task, Bond, and Goal scores were positively correlated with treatment related changes in risk, and inversely associated with Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991; Wang & Hare, 2003) scores. The Affective facet of the PCL-R, representing the callous-unemotional features of the syndrome, uniquely predicted lower Bond and Goal scores controlling for the other facets. Cox regression survival analyses demonstrated that sexual violence risk predicted increased sexual recidivism while change predicted decreased sexual recidivism controlling for PCL-R total score; however, WAI scores (particularly the Goal component) were also unexpectedly associated with increased sexual recidivism. For violent recidivism, psychopathy, risk, and change incremented the prediction of general violence, while the WAI was not significantly associated with this outcome. A set of parallel analyses, stratified by Indigenous ethnocultural heritage, demonstrated some continuity, but also potential areas of difference, in substantive findings. Risk, need, responsivity implications of the working alliance for the treatment of high psychopathy correctional clientele, and how this may intersect with Indigenous heritage, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keira C. Stockdale
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Saskatoon Police Service, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Canning C, McCormack T, Clifford E, Donnelly C, Duffy E, Hickland S, Graham AJ. Episodic future thinking and delay of gratification in children: Is imagining reward pay-off helpful? Br J Dev Psychol 2024; 42:285-291. [PMID: 38375923 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have failed to show an effect of episodic future thinking (EFT) on children's delay of gratification (DoG), contrasting strikingly with adult findings. Recent findings from a sample of 8-11-year-old children by Canning et al. (J. Exp. Child Psychol., 228, 2023, 105618) indicate that EFT cueing is not effective compared to a no-cue control even when it is reward related. Canning et al. suggest children's DoG performance, unlike that of adults, may be negatively affected by the cognitive load of cueing, but this leaves unexplained why EFT reward-related cueing produced significantly better performance than cueing that did not involve EFT in their study. The current study attempted to further delineate the importance of linking future thinking cues to rewards. A reward-related EFT condition was compared to a reward-unrelated EFT condition and a no-cue control on a delay choice task. No significant differences were observed between the three conditions. This suggests that even reward-related future thinking is ineffective at improving children's delayed gratification. Further research is needed to determine why children struggle to benefit from EFT cues.
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Vasil N, Srinivasan M, Ellwood-Lowe ME, Delaney S, Gopnik A, Lombrozo T. Structural explanations lead young children and adults to rectify resource inequalities. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105896. [PMID: 38520769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Decisions about how to divide resources have profound social and practical consequences. Do explanations regarding the source of existing inequalities influence how children and adults allocate new resources? When 3- to 6-year-old children (N = 201) learned that inequalities were caused by structural forces (stable external constraints affecting access to resources) as opposed to internal forces (effort), they rectified inequalities, overriding previously documented tendencies to perpetuate inequality or divide resources equally. Adults (N = 201) were more likely than children to rectify inequality spontaneously; this was further strengthened by a structural explanation but reversed by an effort-based explanation. Allocation behaviors were mirrored in judgments of which allocation choices by others were appropriate. These findings reveal how explanations powerfully guide social reasoning and action from childhood through adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ny Vasil
- California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA.
| | | | | | - Sierra Delaney
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alison Gopnik
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Halmo SM, Yamini KA, Stanton JD. Metacognition and Self-Efficacy in Action: How First-Year Students Monitor and Use Self-Coaching to Move Past Metacognitive Discomfort During Problem Solving. CBE Life Sci Educ 2024; 23:ar13. [PMID: 38437450 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.23-08-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Stronger metacognitive regulation skills and higher self-efficacy are linked to increased academic achievement. Metacognition and self-efficacy have primarily been studied using retrospective methods, but these methods limit access to students' in-the-moment metacognition and self-efficacy. We investigated first-year life science students' metacognition and self-efficacy while they solved challenging problems, and asked: 1) What metacognitive regulation skills are evident when first-year life science students solve problems on their own? and 2) What aspects of learning self-efficacy do first-year life science students reveal when they solve problems on their own? Think-aloud interviews were conducted with 52 first-year life science students across three institutions and analyzed using content analysis. Our results reveal that while first-year life science students plan, monitor, and evaluate when solving challenging problems, they monitor in a myriad of ways. One aspect of self-efficacy, which we call self-coaching, helped students move past the discomfort of monitoring a lack of understanding so they could take action. These verbalizations suggest ways we can encourage students to couple their metacognitive skills and self-efficacy to persist when faced with challenging problems. Based on our findings, we offer recommendations for helping first-year life science students develop and strengthen their metacognition to achieve improved problem-solving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Halmo
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Kira A Yamini
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Richardson AS, Dubowitz T, Beyer KM, Zhou Y, Kershaw KN, Duck W, Ye F, Beckman R, Gordon-Larsen P, Shikany JM, Kiefe C. Associations of Historical Redlining With BMI and Waist Circumference in Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. AJPM Focus 2024; 3:100209. [PMID: 38590394 PMCID: PMC10999814 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2024.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Historical maps of racialized evaluation of mortgage lending risk (i.e., redlined neighborhoods) have been linked to adverse health outcomes. Little research has examined whether living in historically redlined neighborhoods is associated with obesity, differentially by race or gender. Methods This is a cross-sectional study to examine whether living in historically redlined neighborhoods is associated with BMI and waist circumference among Black and White adults in 1985-1986. Participants' addresses were linked to the 1930s Home Owners' Loan Corporation maps that evaluated mortgage lending risk across neighborhoods. The authors used multilevel linear regression models clustered on Census tract, adjusted for confounders to estimate main effects, and stratified, and interaction models by (1) race, (2) gender, and (3) race by gender with redlining differentially for Black versus White adults and men versus women. To better understand strata differences, they compared Census tract-level median household income across race and gender groups within Home Owners' Loan Corporation grade. Results Black adults (n=2,103) were more likely than White adults (n=1,767) to live in historically rated hazardous areas and to have higher BMI and waist circumference. Redlining and race and redlining and gender interactions for BMI and waist circumference were statistically significant (p<0.10). However, in stratified analyses, the only statistically significant associations were among White participants. White participants living in historically rated hazardous areas had lower BMI (β = - 0.63 [95% CI= -1.11, -0.15]) and lower waist circumference (β = - 1.50 [95% CI= -2.62, -0.38]) than those living in declining areas. Within each Home Owners' Loan Corporation grade, residents in White participants' neighborhoods had higher incomes than those living in Black participants' neighborhoods (p<0.0001). The difference was largest within historically redlined areas. Covariate associations differed for men, women, Black, and White adults, explaining the difference between the interaction and the stratified models. Race by redlining interaction did not vary by gender. Conclusions White adults may have benefitted from historical redlining, which may have reinforced neighborhood processes that generated racial inequality in BMI and waist circumference 50 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Richardson
- RAND Corporation, Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tamara Dubowitz
- RAND Corporation, Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Yuhong Zhou
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kiarri N. Kershaw
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Waverly Duck
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Feifei Ye
- RAND Corporation, Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robin Beckman
- RAND Corporation, Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, Santa Monica, California
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Chai M, Holroyd CB, Brass M, Braem S. Dynamic changes in task preparation in a multi-task environment: The task transformation paradigm. Cognition 2024; 247:105784. [PMID: 38599142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A key element of human flexible behavior concerns the ability to continuously predict and prepare for sudden changes in tasks or actions. Here, we tested whether people can dynamically modulate task preparation processes and decision-making strategies when the identity of a to-be-performed task becomes uncertain. To this end, we developed a new paradigm where participants need to prepare for one of nine tasks on each trial. Crucially, in some blocks, the task being prepared could suddenly shift to a different task after a longer cue-target interval, by changing either the stimulus category or categorization rule that defined the initial task. We found that participants were able to dynamically modulate task preparation in the face of this task uncertainty. A second experiment shows that these changes in behavior were not simply a function of decreasing task expectancy, but rather of increasing switch expectancy. Finally, in the third and fourth experiment, we demonstrate that these dynamic modulations can be applied in a compositional manner, depending on whether either only the stimulus category or categorization rule would be expected to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Chai
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Clay B Holroyd
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Brass
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Luisenstraße 56, Haus 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Senne Braem
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Li X, Cai S, Chen Y, Tian X, Wang A. Enhancement of visual dominance effects at the response level in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105897. [PMID: 38461557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have widely demonstrated that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit deficits in conflict control tasks. However, there is limited evidence regarding the performance of children with ADHD in cross-modal conflict processing tasks. The current study aimed to investigate whether children with ADHD have poor conflict control, which has an impact on sensory dominance effects at different levels of information processing under the influence of visual similarity. A total of 82 children aged 7 to 14 years, including 41 children with ADHD and 41 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children, were recruited. We used the 2:1 mapping paradigm to separate levels of conflict, and the congruency of the audiovisual stimuli was divided into three conditions. In C trials, the target stimulus and the distractor stimulus were identical, and the bimodal stimuli corresponded to the same response keys. In PRIC trials, the distractor stimulus differed from the target stimulus and did not correspond to any response keys. In RIC trials, the distractor stimulus differed from the target stimulus, and the bimodal stimuli corresponded to different response keys. Therefore, we explicitly differentiated cross-modal conflict into a preresponse level (PRIC > C), corresponding to the encoding process, and a response level (RIC > PRIC), corresponding to the response selection process. Our results suggested that auditory distractors caused more interference during visual processing than visual distractors caused during auditory processing (i.e., typical auditory dominance) at the preresponse level regardless of group. However, visual dominance effects were observed in the ADHD group, whereas no visual dominance effects were observed in the TD group at the response level. A possible explanation is that the increased interference effects due to visual similarity and children with ADHD made it more difficult to control conflict when simultaneously confronted with incongruent visual and auditory inputs. The current study highlights how children with ADHD process cross-modal conflicts at multiple levels of information processing, thereby shedding light on the mechanisms underlying ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China.
| | - Xiaoming Tian
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China.
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Trejo S. Exploring the Fetal Origins Hypothesis Using Genetic Data. Soc Forces 2024; 102:1555-1581. [PMID: 38638179 PMCID: PMC11021852 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Birth weight is a robust predictor of valued life course outcomes, emphasizing the importance of prenatal development. But does birth weight act as a proxy for environmental conditions in utero, or do biological processes surrounding birth weight themselves play a role in healthy development? To answer this question, we leverage variation in birth weight that is, within families, orthogonal to prenatal environmental conditions: one's genes. We construct polygenic scores in two longitudinal studies (Born in Bradford, N = 2008; Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, N = 8488) to empirically explore the molecular genetic correlates of birth weight. A 1 standard deviation increase in the polygenic score is associated with an ~100-grams increase in birth weight and a 1.4 pp (22 percent) decrease in low birth weight probability. Sibling comparisons illustrate that this association largely represents a causal effect. The polygenic score-birth weight association is increased for children who spend longer in the womb and whose mothers have higher body mass index, though we find no differences across maternal socioeconomic status. Finally, the polygenic score affects social and cognitive outcomes, suggesting that birth weight is itself related to healthy prenatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Trejo
- Princeton University, Department of Sociology and Office of Population Research, United States
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17
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Zhang D. Perceived Neighborhood Conditions, Psychosocial Factors, and Sleep Problems Among Urban and Rural Older Adults in China. J Aging Health 2024; 36:337-349. [PMID: 37395560 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231159709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between perceived neighborhood conditions and older Chinese adults' sleep problems, and whether these associations are mediated by psychosocial factors and moderated by urban-rural residence. METHODS Data were from the World Health Organization Study on global Ageing and Adult Health. We used OLS, binary, and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Karlson-Holm-Breen decomposition method was used to test mediation effects. RESULTS Positively perceived neighborhood social cohesion was associated with fewer insomnia symptoms and decreased odds of poor sleep quality, sleepiness, lethargy, and short sleep duration. Positively perceived neighborhood safety was related to decreased risks of poor sleep quality and sleepiness. Depression and perceived control partially mediated the effects of perceived neighborhood on sleep. Furthermore, the protective effects of neighborhood cohesion against sleep problems were more pronounced among older urban adults than their rural counterparts. DISCUSSION Interventions that make neighborhoods safer and more integrated will improve late-life sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Schoenherr J. Personalizing real-world problems: Posing own problems increases self-efficacy expectations, intrinsic value, attainment value, and utility value. Br J Educ Psychol 2024; 94:407-424. [PMID: 38195085 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-world problems are important in math instruction, but they do not necessarily trigger students' task motivation. Personalizing real-world problems by (1) matching problems to students' shared living environment (context personalization) and (2) asking students to pose their own problems (active personalization) might be two interventions to increase students' task motivation. AIM In the current study, we investigated the effects of context personalization and active personalization on students' self-efficacy expectations, intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, and cost. SAMPLE The participants were 28 fifth- and sixth-grade students who voluntarily took part in a six-month afterschool program in which they posed problems with the aim of creating a math walk in their hometown. METHOD Using a within-subjects design, at the end of the afterschool program, the students rated their self-efficacy expectations and task values for four self-developed problems associated with their hometown, four peer-developed problems associated with their hometown, and four instructor-provided problems associated with unfamiliar locations. RESULTS Students reported higher self-efficacy expectations, intrinsic value, attainment value, and utility value for active-personalized than non-personalized problems. To a lesser extent, context personalization promoted intrinsic value and attainment value. No effect was found for cost. CONCLUSIONS Active personalization (i.e. asking students to pose their own real-world problems) is suited to enhance students' task motivation, specifically their self-efficacy expectations, intrinsic value, attainment value, and utility value. Context personalization still boosts students' intrinsic value and attainment value. Implementation in classroom instruction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schoenherr
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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19
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Kanayama A, Siraj I, Moeyaert M, Steiner K, Yu EC, Ereky‐Stevens K, Iwasa K, Ishikawa M, Kahlon M, Warnatsch R, Dascalu A, He R, Mehta PP, Robinson N, Shi Y. PROTOCOL: Key characteristics of effective preschool-based interventions to promote self-regulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Campbell Syst Rev 2024; 20:e1383. [PMID: 38566844 PMCID: PMC10985547 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Cochrane Review. The objectives are as follows: The aim of this systematic review is to advance our understanding of the key characteristics of effective preschool-based interventions designed to foster self-regulation. To accomplish this, the review addresses the following questions: 1. What types of preschool-based interventions have been developed to promote self-regulation? 2. What is the average effect of these preschool-based interventions on self-regulation, focusing on four key constructs: integrative effortful control, integrative executive function, self-regulation, and self-regulated learning? 3. What characteristics-such as Resource Allocation, Activity Type, and Instruction Method-could potentially contribute to the effects of preschool-based interventions in promoting self-regulation?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iram Siraj
- Department of EducationUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mariola Moeyaert
- Department of Educational and Counseling PsychologyThe State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Kat Steiner
- Bodleian Health Care LibrariesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Elie ChingYen Yu
- Division of Educational Psychology and MethodologyThe State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Moeko Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Human SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Ruoying He
- Division of the Social SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Yining Shi
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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20
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Geraci A, Cancellieri UG. Preschoolers' retrospective and prospective judgements of immanent justice following distributive actions. Br J Dev Psychol 2024; 42:149-165. [PMID: 38173176 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Prior research provided evidence for retrospective and prospective judgements of immanent justice in adults, but the developmental origins of judgements of immanent justice remain unknown. Both retrospective and prospective judgements were investigated in preschool age, using explicit and implicit measures. In Experiment 1, 2.5- and 4-year-olds were first shown events in which one agent distributed resources fairly or unfairly, and then they saw test events in which both distributors were damaged by a misfortune. Later, they were presented with a verbal task, in which they had to respond to two questions on evaluation of the deservingness, by using explicit measures. All children were likely to approve of deserved outcomes when deeds and outcomes were congruent (i.e., unfair distributor-misfortune), and only older ones were likely to disapprove when they were incongruent (i.e., fair distributor-misfortune). In Experiment 2, 4-year-olds after seeing familiarization events of Experiment 1, were presented with two verbal questions to explore prospective judgements of immanent justice, by using explicit measures. In Experiment 3, 4-year-olds were first shown familiarization events of Experiment 1 and listened to respective narratives, then before the outcome was revealed they were assessed with a reaching task to investigate prospective judgements of immanent justice, by using implicit measures. Children reached the image depicting a bad outcome for the unfair distributor, and that illustrated a good outcome for the fair distributor. The results of the last two experiments demonstrated a fine ability to make prospective judgements at 4 years of life, and found that they were to be more prone to apply immanent justice reasoning to positive outcomes following good actions. Taken together, these results provide new evidence for preschoolers' retrospective and prospective judgements of immanent justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Geraci
- Department of Social and Educational Sciences of the Mediterranean Area, University for Foreigners 'Dante Alighieri' of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Uberta Ganucci Cancellieri
- Department of Social and Educational Sciences of the Mediterranean Area, University for Foreigners 'Dante Alighieri' of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Dzando G, Ward P, Gesesew HA, Tyndall J, Ambagtsheer RC. Prevalence, perceptions, and experiences of frailty among older migrants from Low- and Middle-Income Countries to High Income Countries: A mixed method systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 121:105360. [PMID: 38341959 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is increasingly becoming a public health concern, especially among vulnerable populations. Older migrants from Low- and Middle-Income Countries to High Income Countries present with poorer health and are at increased risk of becoming frail. This review aims to explore the prevalence, perceptions, and experiences of frailty among older migrants from Low- and Middle-Income Countries to High Income Countries. METHODS This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Five electronic databases were comprehensively searched for relevant literature published from January 1, 2000, to April 30, 2023. Quality appraisal for the quantitative studies was done with the Joanna Brigg's critical appraisal tool for analytic cross-sectional studies, and the qualitative studies were assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skill Program tool for qualitative studies. RESULT Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Frailty was assessed using modified versions of the Frailty Phenotype and Frailty Index. The prevalence of frailty using the Frailty Phenotype was 16.6 %, and 17 % to 61.9 % according to the Frailty Index. The perceptions and experiences of frailty were characterised by chronic ill-health and a review of healthy pre-migration and early migration lives. CONCLUSION Despite the variation in frailty assessment methods, the high prevalence of frailty among older migrants was highlighted across the included studies. The perceptions and experiences of frailty reflect a state of resignation which can complicate the state of frailty. There is the need for ongoing research among migrant groups to identify their predisposition to frailty for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Dzando
- Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Paul Ward
- Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hailay Abrha Gesesew
- Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Jessica Tyndall
- Library, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachel C Ambagtsheer
- Research Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Wardenaar KJ, Jörg F, Oldehinkel AJ. Explanatory and modifying factors of the association between sex and depression onset during adolescence: An exploratory study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:424-433. [PMID: 38479503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is twice as high in women as in men and this difference already emerges during adolescence. Because the mechanisms underlying this sex-difference remain poorly understood, we took a bottom-up approach to identify factors explaining the sex-MDD relationship. METHODS Data came from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a population study investigating youths' development from age 11 into adulthood. We assessed multiple baseline covariates (e.g., demographic, social and psychological) at ages 11-13 years and MDD onset at ages 19 and 25 years. In regression analyses, each covariate's role in the sex-MDD association as an effect modifier or confounder/explanatory variable was investigated. Replicability was evaluated in an independent sample. RESULTS The analyses identified no effect-modifiers. Baseline internalizing problems, behavioral inhibition, dizziness, comfort in classroom, physical complaints, attention problems, cooperation, self/effortful control, interpersonal life events and computer use partially explained the association between sex and MDD at age 19. The association between sex and MDD at age 25 was explained by largely the same variables, but also by shyness, acne, antisocial behavior, aggression, affection from peers and time spent shopping. The explanatory roles of internalizing problems, behavioral inhibition, negative events involving gossip/rumors and leisure-time spending (computer-use/shopping) were replicated. LIMITATIONS Potentially important baseline variables were not included or had low response rates. Gender roles or identification were not considered. Baseline MDD was not adjusted for. CONCLUSION The sex-MDD association is partially explained by sex differences in symptoms and vulnerability factors already present in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas J Wardenaar
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Child and Family Welfare, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Frederike Jörg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center for Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands; Research Department, GGZ Friesland, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center for Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands
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Palatine E, Phillips ML, Soehner AM. The effect of slow wave sleep deprivation on mood in adolescents with depressive symptoms: A pilot study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:347-355. [PMID: 38479512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for safe, rapid-acting treatment strategies for adolescent depression. In depressed adults, slow wave sleep deprivation (SWSD) improved next-day mood without disrupting sleep duration, but SWSD has not been tested in adolescents. In a pilot study, the aim was to assess the effect of SWSD on sleep physiology and mood outcomes (depression, rumination, anhedonia) among adolescents with depressive symptoms. METHODS Sixteen adolescents (17.44 ± 1.46 yr, 12 female) completed three nights of polysomnographic sleep recording: Baseline, SWSD, and Recovery nights. Acoustic stimulation (tones of random pitch, duration, and volume) suppressed slow wave sleep (SWS) in real-time during SWSD. After each night, depression, rumination, and anhedonia severity were assessed. RESULTS SWSD successfully suppressed SWS, increased N2, and had minimal impact on Rapid Eye Movement (REM), nocturnal awakenings, and total sleep time. While SWSD did not improve depression or anhedonia severity overall, lower baseline non-REM alpha activity and greater SWS rebound during recovery sleep correlated with SWSD-related reduction in clinician-rated depression severity. Next-day rumination severity decreased after SWSD, with sustained improvements following recovery sleep. However, rumination improvement was not associated with SWS suppression, but rather reduction in total sleep time and REM in exploratory correlation models. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and large proportion of females. CONCLUSION SWSD did not improve depression in adolescents overall but a subset with low non-REM alpha activity and intact homeostatic sleep regulation may benefit from this approach. Findings from this pilot study also suggest that partial sleep deprivation may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for rumination in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Palatine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adriane M Soehner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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24
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Wilson EJ, Primgaard AR, Hambrick EP, Marszalek JM, Berkley-Patton J, Nilsson JE, Bennett KK. Rumination mediates associations between microaggressions and sleep quality in Black Americans: the toll of racial microstressors. J Behav Med 2024; 47:515-530. [PMID: 38281260 PMCID: PMC11031310 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Disparities in health outcomes between Black and White Americans are well-documented, including sleep quality, and disparities in sleep may lead to disparities in health over the life course. A meta-model indicates that cognitive processes may underly the connection between race and poor sleep quality, and ultimately, health disparities. That is, there are race-specific stressors that disproportionately affect Black Americans, which are associated with poor health through biological, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms (e.g., sleep). Among these race-specific stressors is discrimination, which has been linked to poor sleep quality, and there is a body of literature connecting perseverative cognition (e.g., rumination and worry or vigilance) to poor sleep. Microaggressions, a more subtle but pervasive form of discrimination, are another race-specific stressor. Although less research has considered the connection of microaggressions to perseverative cognition, there are some studies linking microaggressions to health outcomes and sleep. Therefore, using a cross-sectional survey, we tested the following hypotheses: racism-related vigilance and rumination would mediate the relationship between discrimination and poor sleep as well as between microaggressions and poor sleep among Black Americans (N = 223; mean age = 35.77 years, 53.8% men, 86% employed, 66.8% with college degree or higher education). Results of seven parallel mediation models showed that neither rumination nor racism-related vigilance mediated a relationship between discrimination and poor sleep quality. However, rumination partially mediated relationships between the six microaggression sub-scales and poor sleep quality: there were significant indirect effects for Foreigner/Not Belonging (β = .13, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.08, 0.20), Criminality (β = .11, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.17), Sexualization (β = .10, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.17), Low-Achieving/Undesirable (β = .10, SE = 0.03, 95% CI 0.05, 0.15), Invisibility (β = .15, SE = 0.04, 95% CI 0.08, 0.23), and Environmental Invalidations (β = .15, SE = 0.04, 95% CI 0.08, 0.23). Overall, these findings indicate support for the meta-model, demonstrating a specific pathway from racial microstressors to poor sleep quality. Furthermore, these results suggest the importance of developing clinical and community approaches to address the impact of microaggressions on Black Americans' sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Wilson
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Anahi R Primgaard
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Erin P Hambrick
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jacob M Marszalek
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jannette Berkley-Patton
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Johanna E Nilsson
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kymberley K Bennett
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Abstract
Objectives: Patient trust in physicians is associated with patient satisfaction with healthcare, patients engaging in follow-up care, and positive health-related outcomes. The current study investigated whether age moderated the relation between trust in physicians and four health outcome variables, including patient satisfaction, doctor visits, emergency room visits, and hospital admissions. Methods: 398 English-speaking, community-dwelling adults completed measures of physician trust and important health outcome variables via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results: Age significantly moderated relations between trust in physicians and hospital admissions, and trust in physicians and patient satisfaction, with both positive relations becoming stronger with increasing age. Discussion: The results highlight the need for a lifespan approach to the study of physician trust and related health outcomes. They offer an avenue for increasing physician trust, engagement with the healthcare system prior to the need for hospitalization, and the reduction of healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Katz
- Behavioral Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry Edelstein
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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26
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Finegood ED, Weissman-Tsukamoto R, Lam P, Chen E, Miller GE. Interpersonal violence exposure and inflammation during adolescence and young adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107022. [PMID: 38518706 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to violence increases young peoples' risk of developing mental and physical health problems. Chronic stress-related upregulation of innate immune system activity and the development of low-grade inflammation may partially underlie this health risk. However, much of the previous research has been limited to cross-sectional studies utilizing between-person analytic designs, susceptible to confounding by unmeasured factors. In this six-wave panel study of N=157 female adolescents and young adults, we tested within-person associations between interpersonal violence exposure and multiple measures of inflammatory activity. Ex vivo culture studies suggested that participants' immune cells were more reactive to microbial stimulation and less sensitive to inhibition by glucocorticoids after violence. Numbers of circulating monocyte cells increased after violence, but serum levels of interleukin-6 and c-reactive protein did not. Findings from this within-person analysis suggest that violence exposure up-regulates innate immune system activity during adolescence and young adulthood in ways that may increase mental and physical health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Finegood
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.
| | | | - Phoebe Lam
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
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27
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McCann SJH. Does diversity foster individualism? The relation of racial-ethnic diversity to individualism-collectivism across the 50 American States. J Soc Psychol 2024; 164:387-394. [PMID: 35659224 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2085073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent longitudinal research by others analyzing the relation between racial-ethnic diversity and individualism-collectivism in the 50 American states over the period 2000-2018 suggests that racial-ethnic diversity promotes individualism. The present study used a cross-sectional approach based on 2013 data to determine whether a relation mirroring the longitudinal pattern exists between racial-ethnic diversity and individualism-collectivism across the 50 states. Two measures of state racial-ethnic diversity were related to four measures of state individualism-collectivism using Pearson correlation and partial correlation controlling for state socioeconomic status. All correlations between diversity and individualism were negative and all those between diversity and collectivism were positive. The absolute magnitudes ranged from .43 to .68 for the Pearson correlations and from .43 to .67 for the partial correlations. Contrary to the earlier longitudinal findings, the current results show that states with higher racial-ethnic diversity are less individualistic and more collectivistic.
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28
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Lebowitz MS, Tabb K, Appelbaum PS. Asymmetric genetic attributions for one's own prosocial versus antisocial behavior. J Soc Psychol 2024; 164:273-279. [PMID: 35358028 PMCID: PMC9522892 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2058906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
People tend to rate prosocial or positive behavior as more strongly influenced by the actor's genes than antisocial or negative behavior. The current study tested whether people would show a similar asymmetry when rating the role of genes in their own behavior, and if so, what variables might mediate this difference. Participants were prompted to think about an example of their own behavior from the past year that was either prosocial or antisocial. Those in the prosocial condition rated the role of genetics in causing the behavior as significantly greater than did those in the antisocial condition. A mediation analysis suggested that this asymmetry could be accounted for by a tendency to view prosocial behavior as more natural and more aligned with one's true self than antisocial behavior. These findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that people's reasoning about genetics may be influenced by evaluative judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Lebowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University; NY State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 122, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kathryn Tabb
- Philosophy Program, Bard College, P.O. Box 5000, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, USA
| | - Paul S. Appelbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University; NY State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 122, New York, NY 10032, USA
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29
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Freedman G, Powell DN, Le B, Williams KD. Emotional experiences of ghosting. J Soc Psychol 2024; 164:367-386. [PMID: 35621208 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2081528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although ghosting (i.e., unilaterally ending a relationship by ceasing communication) has only recently entered the lexicon, it is a regularly used form of relationship dissolution. However, little research has examined the emotional experiences of ghosting, particularly the experiences of those on both sides of the ghosting process. In a multi-method study, participants who had both ghosted and been ghosted in previous romantic relationships (N = 80) provided narratives of their experiences and completed questionnaires. The narrative responses were analyzed by coders and by using LIWC. Ghosters and ghostees used similar overall levels of positively and negatively valenced words to describe their experiences, but ghosters were more likely to express guilt and relief, whereas ghostees were more likely to express sadness and hurt feelings. Ghostees also experienced more of a threat to their fundamental needs - control, self-esteem, belongingness, meaningful existence - than ghosters.
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30
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Pak R, McLaughlin AC, Engle R. The Relevance of Attention Control, Not Working Memory, in Human Factors. Hum Factors 2024; 66:1321-1332. [PMID: 36853758 DOI: 10.1177/00187208231159727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Discuss the human factors relevance of attention control (AC), a domain-general ability to regulate information processing functions in the service of goal-directed behavior. BACKGROUND Working memory (WM) measures appear as predictors in various applied psychology studies. However, measures of WM reflect a mixture of memory storage and controlled attention making it difficult to interpret the meaning of significant WM-task relations for human factors. In light of new research, complex task performance may be better predicted or explained with new measures of attention control rather than WM. METHOD We briefly review the topic of individual differences in abilities in Human Factors. Next, we focus on WM, how it is measured, and what can be inferred from significant WM-task relations. RESULTS The theoretical underpinnings of attention control as a high-level factor that affects complex thought and behavior make it useful in human factors, which often study performance in complex and dynamic task environments. To facilitate research on attention control in applied settings, we discuss a validated measure of attention control that predicts more variance in complex task performance than WM. In contrast to existing measures of WM or AC, our measures of attention control only require 3 minutes each (10 minutes total) and may be less culture-bound making them suitable for use in applied settings. CONCLUSION Explaining or predicting task performance relations with attention control rather than WM may have dramatically different implications for designing more specific, equitable task interfaces, or training. APPLICATION A highly efficient ability predictor can help researchers and practitioners better understand task requirements for human factors interventions or performance prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Randall Engle
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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31
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Wang G, Tang J, Yin Z, Yu S, Shi X, Hao X, Zhao Z, Pan Y, Li S. The neurocomputational signature of decision-making for unfair offers in females under acute psychological stress. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100622. [PMID: 38533483 PMCID: PMC10963855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is a crucial factor affecting social decision-making. However, its impacts on the behavioral and neural processes of females' unfairness decision-making remain unclear. Combining computational modeling and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), this study attempted to illuminate the neurocomputational signature of unfairness decision-making in females. We also considered the effect of trait stress coping styles. Forty-four healthy young females (20.98 ± 2.89 years) were randomly assigned to the stress group (n = 21) and the control group (n = 23). Acute psychosocial stress was induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and participants then completed the one-shot ultimatum game (UG) as responders. The results showed that acute psychosocial stress reduced the adaptability to fairness and lead to more random decision-making responses. Moreover, in the stress group, a high level of negative coping style predicted more deterministic decision. fNIRS results showed that stress led to an increase of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) peak in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), while decreased the activation of left middle temporal gyrus (lMTG) when presented the moderately unfair (MU) offers. This signified more involvement of the mentalization and the inhibition of moral processing. Moreover, individuals with higher negative coping scores showed more deterministic decision behaviors under stress. Taken together, our study emphasizes the role of acute psychosocial stress in affecting females' unfairness decision-making mechanisms in social interactions, and provides evidences for the "tend and befriend" pattern based on a cognitive neuroscience perspec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangya Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouqian Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Xindi Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiurong Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhudele Zhao
- College of Science, Northeastern University, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yafeng Pan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, 200335, Shanghai, China
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Steinmann S, Tiedemann KJ, Kellner S, Wellen CM, Haaf M, Mulert C, Rauh J, Leicht G. Reduced frontocingulate theta connectivity during emotion regulation in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:245-253. [PMID: 38554620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reappraisal is an essential emotion regulation skill for social life and psychological health. However, individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) cannot use this skill effectively. Successful cognitive reappraisal in healthy controls (HC) has been shown to be associated with theta activity in a frontal and subcortical network. In the present study, we investigated whether MDD patients are characterized by altered theta power and connectivity pattern during cognitive reappraisal compared to HC. METHODS Using EEG and eLORETA, we examined both theta activity and connectivity when 25 controls and 24 patients with MDD were asked to complete the emotion cognitive reappraisal task of viewing neutral and negative pictures and reappraise negative pictures. Habitual use of emotion regulation skills was collected using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). RESULTS The results showed that MDD patients had (1) reduced theta activity in the left dorsolateral (dlPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal (dmPFC), and rostral-ventral cingulate cortices (rvACC), as well as (2) reduced dlPFC-rvACC theta connectivity than HC during reappraisal. In addition, left dlPFC-rvACC theta connectivity was positively correlated with self-reported cognitive reappraisal in HC. This relation was not observed in MDD. In contrast, CERQ revealed significantly greater use of inadequate regulations skills and significantly lower use of adaptive skills in MDD. LIMITATION Sample size, limited solution space to cortical grey matter excluding regions such as the amygdala. CONCLUSION This study may indicate a putative frontocingulate dysfunction leading either to an increased use of inadequate emotion regulation or a decreased use of skills that serve to boost positive emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Steinmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kim Janine Tiedemann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kellner
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudius M Wellen
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Haaf
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Center for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonas Rauh
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Leicht
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Thiffault F, Cinq-Mars J, Brisson B, Blanchette I. Hearing fearful prosody impairs visual working memory maintenance. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 199:112338. [PMID: 38552908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Interference by distractors has been associated multiple times with diminished visual and auditory working memory (WM) performance. Negative emotional distractors in particular lead to detrimental effects on WM. However, these associations have only been seen when distractors and items to maintain in WM are from the same sensory modality. In this study, we investigate cross-modal interference on WM. We invited 20 participants to complete a visual change-detection task, assessing visual WM (VWM), while hearing emotional (fearful) and neutral auditory distractors. Electrophysiological activity was recorded to measure contralateral delay activity (CDA) and auditory P2 event-related potentials (ERP), indexing WM maintenance and distractor salience respectively. At the behavioral level, fearful prosody didn't decrease significantly working memory accuracy, compared to neutral prosody. Regarding ERPs, fearful distractors evoked a greater P2 amplitude than neutral distractors. Correlations between the two ERP potentials indicated that P2 amplitude difference between the two types of prosody was associated with the difference in CDA amplitude for fearful and neutral trials. This association suggests that cognitive resources required to process fearful prosody detrimentally impact VWM maintenance. That result provides a piece of additional evidence that negative emotional stimuli produce greater interference than neutral stimuli and that the cognitive resources used to process stimuli from different modalities come from a common pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Thiffault
- CogNAC Research Group (Cognition, Neurosciences, Affect et Comportement), Québec, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
| | - Justine Cinq-Mars
- CogNAC Research Group (Cognition, Neurosciences, Affect et Comportement), Québec, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Brisson
- CogNAC Research Group (Cognition, Neurosciences, Affect et Comportement), Québec, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Blanchette
- CogNAC Research Group (Cognition, Neurosciences, Affect et Comportement), Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Araiza AM, Freitas AL. Communicating Extremity: Fitness Efficacy and Standards Relate to Using Extreme Imagery and Messaging to Create Fitness-Related Media. Health Commun 2024; 39:972-983. [PMID: 37055922 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2199517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Health-related social media increasingly competes with other forms of health communication for public attention. To advance understanding of the genesis of health-related social media communicating extreme fitness standards, we investigated women's creation of fitspiration, social-media content combining fitness images with effortful messages. In a pre-registered study, we hypothesized that creating extreme fitspiration content would relate positively to fitness fantasizing and to exercise self-efficacy, fitness perfectionism, physical activity, thin- and muscular-ideal internalizations, and self-objectification. Undergraduate women (N = 277) created their own fitspiration content by selecting from fitness images and messages that varied in extremity. Fitness fantasizing related positively to creating more extreme fitspiration. When controlling statistically for all other individual-difference variables, exercise self-efficacy and perfectionistic strivings emerged as key variables associated with creating extreme fitspiration content. Results suggest that women who are confident and strive toward challenging goals may create fitspiration content that communicates extreme standards. This work has implications for understanding a potential disconnect between fitspiration creators and consumers, which may illuminate ways to promote healthy fitness communications online.
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Deng JS, Huang CL, Hu QY, Shi L, Chen XY, Luo X, Tung TH, Zhu JS. Impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on college students' hesitancy to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses: A study from Taizhou, China. Prev Med Rep 2024; 41:102709. [PMID: 38576514 PMCID: PMC10992892 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine the impact of a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the hesitancy of college students to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. Methods A population-based self-administered online survey was conducted in July 2024 in Taizhou, China. A total of 792 respondents were included in this study. Logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with college students' hesitation to receive booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Results Of 792 respondents, 32.2 % hesitated to receive additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine booster. Furthermore, 23.5 % of the respondents reported an increase in hesitancy to receiving additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses compared to before they were infected with SARS-CoV-2. In the regression analyses, college students who had a secondary infection were more hesitant to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses (OR = 0.481, 95 % CI: (0.299-0.774), P = 0.003). Moreover, students with secondary infections who were male (OR = 0.417, 95 % CI: 0.221-0.784, P = 0.007), with lower than a bachelor's degree (OR = 0.471, 95 % CI: 0.272-0.815, P = 0.007), in non-medical majors (OR = 0.460, 95 % CI: 0.248-0.856, P = 0.014), and sophomores or below (OR = 0.483, 95 % CI: 0.286-0.817, P = 0.007) were more hesitant to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. Conclusion A history of SARS-CoV-2 infection affects college students' hesitation to receive additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses, which was higher in those who experienced secondary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shan Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Chun-Lian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Qiong-Ying Hu
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Enze Nursing College, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
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Fournier V, Varet F. Conspiracy beliefs and intention to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines: Two vignette studies. Br J Health Psychol 2024; 29:333-350. [PMID: 37880094 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conspiracy beliefs (CBs) can have substantial consequences on health behaviours by influencing both conventional and non-conventional medicine uptake. They can target powerful groups (i.e. upward CBs) or powerless groups (i.e. downward CBs). Considering their repercussions in oncology, it appears useful to understand how CBs are related to the intentions to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines (CAM). DESIGN AND METHODS This paper includes two pre-registered online correlational studies on a general French population (Study 1 N = 248, recruited on social media Mage = 40.07, SDage = 14.78; 205 women, 41 men and 2 non-binaries; Study 2 N = 313, recruited on social media and Prolific, Mage = 28.91, SDage = 9.60; 154 women, 149 men and 10 non-binaries). We investigated the links between generic and chemotherapy-related CBs and intentions to use conventional, complementary and alternative medicines. Study 2 consisted of a conceptual replication of Study 1, considering the orientation of CBs. RESULTS Generic CBs and chemotherapy-related CBs appear strongly and positively correlated, negatively correlated with intentions to take conventional medicine and positively with intentions to take CAM. The link between generic CBs and medication intention is fully mediated by chemotherapy-related CBs. When distinguished, upward CBs are a stronger predictor of chemotherapy-related CBs than downward CBs. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that intentions to use medicine are strongly associated with CBs. This has several important implications for further research and practice, notably on the presence and effects of CBs on medication behaviours in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Fournier
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Université de Lille, Lille, France
- ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florent Varet
- Anthropo-Lab, ETHICS EA7446, Lille Catholic University, Lille, France
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Merrick M, Fyfe ER. Right or wrong? How feedback content and source influence children's mathematics performance and persistence. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105865. [PMID: 38320356 PMCID: PMC10923023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The current study examined how different features of corrective feedback influenced children's performance and motivational outcomes on a mathematics task. Elementary school-aged children from the United States (N = 130; Mage = 7.61 years; 35% female; 60% White) participated in a Zoom session with a trained researcher. During the learning activity, children solved a series of mathematical equivalence problems and were assigned to different feedback conditions that varied in feedback content (correct answer alone vs. correct answer with verification) and feedback source (computer alone vs. computer with person). In terms of content, feedback with verification cues led to decreased persistence, decreased strategy variability, and higher reliance on entrenched strategies relative to feedback that contained the correct answer alone. In terms of source, feedback from the computer alone enhanced children's accuracy; however, the most resilient children received feedback from the computer and a person. Findings are discussed in light of existing feedback theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Merrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Emily R Fyfe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Gedeon C, Badea C, Esseily R. Racial categorization and intergroup perception in preschool children: A focus on group membership and group size in the French context. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105841. [PMID: 38262247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, we explored how context influences intergroup perception in 3- to 6-year-old children (N = 242; Mage = 55.5 months, SD = 9.94) in France. We examined the impact of participants' group membership (belonging to a high- vs. low-social-status group) and their group size on the development of racial categorization and the perception of cultural distance. Children completed two tasks using photographs depicting children from the three most represented racial groups in France: Caucasians, Black Africans, and North Africans. In the first task, the free categorization task, they were asked to group photographs of children they thought belonged together. Results revealed that as children grew older, they increasingly grouped children based on their race. In addition, high-social-status (nonmarginalized) children categorized more based on race than low-social-status children. In a second task, children were requested to rate the same photographs on a 5-point Likert scale for perceived cultural distance in three criteria: music, eating habits, and language. Results showed that regardless of their own group membership, children perceived photos representing children of color (North and Black Africans) as culturally more distant than White children on all criteria. However, this bias was not observed in schools where groups have equal numerical status, suggesting a positive impact of environments where groups are numerically equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Gedeon
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris Nanterre, 92000 Nanterre, France; Laboratoire Éthologie, Cognition et Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, 92000 Nanterre, France.
| | - Constantina Badea
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris Nanterre, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Rana Esseily
- Laboratoire Éthologie, Cognition et Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, 92000 Nanterre, France
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Schönberger DK, Bruns P, Röder B. Visual artificial grammar learning across 1 year in 7-year-olds and adults. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105864. [PMID: 38335709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Acquiring sequential information is of utmost importance, for example, for language acquisition in children. Yet, the long-term storage of statistical learning in children is poorly understood. To address this question, 27 7-year-olds and 28 young adults completed four sessions of visual sequence learning (Year 1). From this sample, 16 7-year-olds and 20 young adults participated in another four equivalent sessions after a 12-month-delay (Year 2). The first three sessions of each year used Stimulus Set 1, and the last session used Stimulus Set 2 to investigate transfer effects. Each session consisted of alternating learning and test phases in a modified artificial grammar learning task. In Year 1, 7-year-olds and adults learned the regularities and showed transfer to Stimulus Set 2. Both groups retained their final performance level over the 1-year period. In Year 2, children and adults continued to improve with Stimulus Set 1 but did not show additional transfer gains. Adults overall outperformed children, but transfer effects were indistinguishable between both groups. The current results suggest that long-term memory traces are formed from repeated sequence learning that can be used to generalize sequence rules to new visual input. However, the current study did not provide evidence for a childhood advantage in learning and remembering sequence rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela K Schönberger
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Bruns
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500 034, India
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Loetscher KB, Goldfarb EV. Integrating and fragmenting memories under stress and alcohol. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100615. [PMID: 38375503 PMCID: PMC10874731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress can powerfully influence the way we form memories, particularly the extent to which they are integrated or situated within an underlying spatiotemporal and broader knowledge architecture. These different representations in turn have significant consequences for the way we use these memories to guide later behavior. Puzzlingly, although stress has historically been argued to promote fragmentation, leading to disjoint memory representations, more recent work suggests that stress can also facilitate memory binding and integration. Understanding the circumstances under which stress fosters integration will be key to resolving this discrepancy and unpacking the mechanisms by which stress can shape later behavior. Here, we examine memory integration at multiple levels: linking together the content of an individual experience, threading associations between related but distinct events, and binding an experience into a pre-existing schema or sense of causal structure. We discuss neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying each form of integration as well as findings regarding how stress, aversive learning, and negative affect can modulate each. In this analysis, we uncover that stress can indeed promote each level of integration. We also show how memory integration may apply to understanding effects of alcohol, highlighting extant clinical and preclinical findings and opportunities for further investigation. Finally, we consider the implications of integration and fragmentation for later memory-guided behavior, and the importance of understanding which type of memory representation is potentiated in order to design appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth V. Goldfarb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, USA
- National Center for PTSD, West Haven VA, USA
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Shao S, Heyman GD. Lying to recommend unqualified friends: Diverging implications for interpersonal and epistemic trust inferences. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105866. [PMID: 38367352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
When people are asked to recommend individuals they care about, they often grapple with conflicts regarding the level of honesty they should maintain when being truthful could potentially hinder those individuals' chances of receiving beneficial opportunities. In the current study, we examined how adolescents evaluate people based on how they respond to such dilemmas, with a focus on how it affects judgments of interpersonal and epistemic trustworthiness. We tested a sample of high school students in the southwestern United States (N = 78; Mage = 16.45 years), who were asked about a moral dilemma in which a story character needed to decide whether to recommend an unqualified friend. We experimentally manipulated whether the friend was very close to the standard (requiring a small exaggeration) or was far from the standard (requiring a large exaggeration) between participants. Across both exaggeration conditions, we observed a dissociation in judgments of epistemic and interpersonal trustworthiness: Lie-tellers were judged to be more interpersonally trustworthy than epistemically trustworthy, whereas truth-tellers were judged to be more epistemically trustworthy than interpersonally trustworthy. These results show that adolescents are capable of using information about an individual's lie-telling versus truth-telling decisions to make highly nuanced social inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Gail D Heyman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Stephenson M, Ohlsson H, Lannoy S, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Edwards AC. Clarifying the relationship between physical injuries and risk for suicide attempt in a Swedish national sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 149:389-403. [PMID: 38414134 PMCID: PMC10987261 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide proposes that capability for suicide is acquired through exposure to painful and provocative events (PPEs). Although there is robust evidence for a positive association between aggregate measures of PPEs and risk for suicidal behavior, little is known about the contributions of physical injuries. The present study investigated the relationship between injuries and risk of subsequent suicide attempt (SA). METHODS Data were from Swedish population-based registers. All individuals born in Sweden between 1970 and 1990 were included (N = 1,011,725 females and 1,067,709 males). We used Cox regression models to test associations between 10 types of injuries (eye injury; fracture; dislocation/sprain/strain; injury to nerves and spinal cord; injury to blood vessels; intracranial injury; crushing injury; internal injury; traumatic amputation; and other or unspecified injuries) and risk for later SA. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for year of birth and parental education. Additional models tested for differences in the pattern of associations based on age group and genetic liability for SA. In co-relative models, we tested the association between each injury type and risk for SA in relative pairs of varying genetic relatedness to control for unmeasured familial confounders. RESULTS All 10 injury types were associated with elevated risk for SA (hazard ratios [HRs] = 1.2-7.0). Associations were stronger in the first year following an injury (HRs = 1.8-7.0), but HRs remained above 1 more than 1 year after injury exposure (HRs = 1.2-2.6). The strength of associations varied across injury type, sex, age, and genetic liability for SA. For example, the magnitude of the association between crushing injury and risk for SA was larger in females than males, whereas other injuries showed a similar pattern of associations across sex. Moreover, there was evidence to support positive additive interaction effects between several injury types and aggregate genetic liability for SA (relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] = 0.1-0.3), but the majority of these interactions became non-significant or changed direction after accounting for comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders. In co-relative models, the pattern of associations differed by injury type, such that there was evidence to support a potential causal effect of eye injury, fracture, dislocation/sprain/strain, intracranial injury, and other and unspecified injuries on risk for SA. For the remaining injury types, HRs were not significantly different from 1 in monozygotic twins, which is consistent with confounding by familial factors. CONCLUSIONS Injuries are associated with increased risk for subsequent SA, particularly in the first year following an injury. While genetic and familial environmental factors may partly explain these associations, there is also evidence to support a potential causal effect of several injury types on future risk for SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Séverine Lannoy
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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Ayalon L, Ulitsa N, AboJabel H, Engdau-Vanda S. "We Used to Have Four Seasons, but Now There Is Only One": Perceptions Concerning the Changing Climate and Environment in a Diverse Sample of Israeli Older Persons. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:527-535. [PMID: 38085273 PMCID: PMC10981184 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231212279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Solastalgia is the pain caused by the loss of solace and isolation from one's environment. Solastalgia is contrasted with nostalgia, which is defined as melancholy characterized by homesickness or the distance from one's home. The present study examines the two concepts of solastalgia and nostalgia in the context of climate change among diverse populations of older Israelis. In total, 50 older persons from four different population groups (e.g., veteran Israeli Jews, Israeli Arabs, immigrants from the former Soviet Union, and Ethiopian immigrants) were interviewed. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Members of all four groups expressed emotional distress and grief associated with the changing climate, increased environmental pollution, and the disappearance of nature. Perceptions around the undesirability of these changes were quite unanimous, thus leading us to conclude that the outcomes associated with solastalgia and nostalgia are quite similar despite different etiological explanations.
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Chen P, Sun S, Yang Y, Huang A, Zhang H, Wang M. Cumulative Genetic Scores Interact with Maternal and Paternal Parenting in Predicting Parent-Adolescent Cohesion and Conflict. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1171-1185. [PMID: 38308791 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Previous research concerning the interplay between genetics and parenting in the development of the parent-child relationship during adolescence has been extremely scarce, predominantly adopting single-gene designs. This limited body of work has largely overlooked the distinct effects of maternal and paternal roles, as well as potential gender differences. Additionally, existing gene-by-environment (G × E) studies have mainly concentrated on adverse environmental factors and associated negative outcomes, somewhat neglecting positive environments and outcomes. The present study examined the interactions of cumulative genetic scores (CGS, dopamine receptor D2 TaqIA and oxytocin receptor gene rs53576 polymorphisms) with both positive and negative parenting on parent-adolescent cohesion and conflict. Furthermore, this study aimed to ascertain with which gene-environment model the potential G × E interactions would align. A total of 745 Chinese Han adolescents (Mage = 13.36 ± 0.96 years; 46.8% girls) from grades 7 to 9 participated in this study. Results revealed a significant effect of CGS and negative maternal parenting on mother-adolescent conflict among males, consistent with the weak differential susceptibility model. As CGS increased, the effects of negative maternal parenting on mother-son conflict were magnified. These findings have implications for the timing and focus of interventions aimed at improving parent-adolescent relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Chen
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Aodi Huang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meiping Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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Ahmed I, Mustafaoglu R, Erhan B. The effects of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction versus traditional resistance exercise on lower extremity muscle strength and motor functionin ischemic stroke survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil 2024; 31:418-429. [PMID: 37724785 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2023.2259170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood flow restriction (BFR) training can temporarily reduce cortical GABA concentrations and increase the size of motor volleys to deafferented muscles, which can promote motor recovery in stroke survivors. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of low-intensity resistance training with BFR (LIRT-BFR) on lower extremity muscle strength, balance, functional mobility, walking capacity, gait speed, anxiety, and depression in stroke survivors and to compare the results with high-intensity resistance training (HIRT). METHOD It was a two-arm, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial in which 32 ischemic stroke participants were randomly allocated to LIRT-BFR or HIRT group. The LIRT-BFR group received low load resistance training (40% of 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM)) with BFR, whereas HIRT group received high load resistance training (80% of 1-RM). The 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT), five-time sit-to-stand test (5TSTST), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Barthel index were the primary outcome measures. The secondary outcome measures included gait speed (m/s), stride length (cm), cadence (steps/min), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression. RESULTS All the primary and secondary outcome measures were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05). The LIRT-BFR group showed a slightly greater, but non-significant, improvement as compared to the HIRT group in terms of mean change observed in 6-MWT (81 m vs 62 m), 5TSTST (-5.27 vs -4.81), gait speed (0.19 vs 0.12), stride length (18 vs 13), and cadence (8 vs 6). No adverse event was reported. CONCLUSION LIRT-BFR produced a significant improvement in muscle strength, balance, walking capacity, and anxiety and depression in ischemic stroke patients, and the improvement are comparable to HIRT. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05281679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Pain in Motion International Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rustem Mustafaoglu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Belgin Erhan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Cordoni G, Ciantia A, Guéry JP, Mulot B, Norscia I. Rapid facial mimicry in Platyrrhini: Play face replication in spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps, Ateles hybridus, and Ateles paniscus). Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23607. [PMID: 38369692 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Rapid facial mimicry (RFM), the rapid and automatic replication of facial expression perceived, is considered a basic form of empathy and was investigated mainly during play. RFM occurs in Catarrhini (Old World primates), but it is not still demonstrated in Platyrrhini (New World primates). For this reason, we collected video data on playful interactions (Nplay_interactions = 149) in three species of spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps-N = 11, Ateles hybridus-N = 14, and Ateles paniscus-N = 6) housed at La Vallée des Singes and the ZooParc de Beauval (France). For the first time, we demonstrated the occurrence of RFM in Platyrrhini (analyzing 175 events). Players' sex, age, species, relationship quality, and kinship did not modulate RFM probably due to the species' complex fission-fusion dynamics and flexible interindividual social relationships. Compared to the absence of any playful expressions or the presence of only not replicated play face, RFM prolonged the session duration and was sequentially associated with more types of more intense offensive playful patterns (patterns aimed at attacking/pursuing the playmate). We proposed that RFM may favor synchronization and context sharing between players, thus decreasing the risk of behavior misinterpretation while simultaneously fostering a more competitive nature of play. In conclusion, this study stimulates additional research on the evolutionary origins of motor mimicry in primates, possibly dating back to before the divergence of New and Old World monkeys. Furthermore, it also points toward the possibility that RFM may not always lead to cooperation but also to competition, depending on the context and species' social and cognitive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Cordoni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ciantia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Baptiste Mulot
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, Saint Aignan sur Cher, France
| | - Ivan Norscia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Kiliçli Id A, Zeyneloglu Id S. Effect of Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, Sleep Quality, and Lactation in Postpartum Primiparous Women After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Hum Lact 2024; 40:221-236. [PMID: 38426483 DOI: 10.1177/08903344241232982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers commonly experience pain, fatigue, sleep disruption, and breastfeeding problems after cesarean delivery. To date, no follow-up study has examined all of these variables to evaluate the utility of reflexology in reducing these problems and supporting breastfeeding. RESEARCH AIM This study aimed to determine the effect of foot reflexology performed in the postpartum period on pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and lactation in primiparous women who underwent cesarean delivery. METHODS This is a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Data were collected between January 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021, with a sample of 80 women who were randomly assigned to the reflexology (n = 40) and control (n = 40) groups. The reflexology group received 40 minutes of foot reflexology once a week for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study were pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and breastfeeding efficacy. RESULTS Pain scores in the reflexology group decreased by 90.9% in week 1, 90.2% in week 2, and 59.8% in week 3 compared to the control group. Pain resolved at week 4 in the reflexology group and week 7 in the control group. The reflexology group showed a 36.9% decrease in fatigue level, a 48.0% increase in energy level, a 70.7% increase in sleep quality, and a 20.2% increase in breastfeeding efficacy compared to the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Foot reflexology reduces postpartum symptoms and positively affects breastfeeding and can be used safely in postnatal care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Kiliçli Id
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mus Alparslan University, Mus City, Turkey
| | - Simge Zeyneloglu Id
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep City, Turkey
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Abstract
ACADEMIC ABSTRACT This paper aims to motivate research on emotion regulation success in naturalistic settings. We define emotion regulation success as achieving one's emotion regulation goal and differentiate it from related concepts (i.e., maladaptive regulation and dysregulation). As goals vary across individuals and situations, it is insufficient to conceptualize emotion regulation success as maximizing positive affect and minimizing negative affect. Instead, emotion regulation success can be measured through novel approaches targeting the achievement of emotion regulation goals. In addition to utilizing novel data analytic tools (e.g., response surface analyses), future research can make use of informant reports and observing ambulatory behavior or physiology. Considering emotion regulation goals when measuring daily emotion regulation success has the potential to answer key questions about personality, development, and mental health. PUBLIC ABSTRACT People differ in how they want to feel in daily situations (e.g., excited) and why they want to feel that way (e.g., to make others feel better), depending on factors such as culture or age. Although people manage their emotions to reach these goals, most research assessing emotion regulation success has not taken individual goals into account. When assessing if people successfully regulate their emotions, most research in daily life has been focused on whether people feel more positive or less negative. To help study emotion regulation success in a more thoughtful and inclusive way, we propose a new approach to conceptualizing emotion regulation success that incorporates individual differences in what motivates people to regulate and discuss future research directions and applications.
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Warner LM, Yeung DYL, Jiang D, Choi NG, Ho RTH, Kwok JYY, Chou KL. Effects of volunteering over six months on loneliness, social and mental health outcomes among older adults: The HEAL-HOA Dual Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:598-610. [PMID: 38199937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the beneficial effects of volunteering as lay counselor via telephone on own loneliness, social network engagement, perceived social support, stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING, INTERVENTION, AND PARTICIPANTS: "Helping Alleviate Loneliness in Hong Kong Older Adults" (HEAL-HOA), a dual randomized controlled trial, was implemented to test effects of telephone-based psychosocial interventions delivered by older-adult volunteers for low-income lonely older adults. To evaluate the effects of volunteering on loneliness, we randomized 375 individuals ages 50-70 into a volunteering condition versus an active control (psychoeducation with social gatherings). Following a 6-week training, participants in the volunteering condition, delivered tele-interventions to older intervention recipients. MEASUREMENT The primary outcome was loneliness measured with the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Secondary outcomes were loneliness measured with the De Jong Gierveld Scale (DJG), social network engagement, perceived social support, perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Assessments were completed before training (baseline) and immediately after the 6-month volunteering period. RESULTS Results from linear mixed models show significant positive effects of volunteering (significant interactions of condition × time) on both measures of loneliness (dppc2 = -0.41 ULCA Loneliness score, dppc2 = -0.70 total DJG score), social network engagement, stress and depressive symptoms as compared to control participants. CONCLUSIONS The HEAL-HOA trial demonstrates beneficial effects of volunteer-delivered tele-interventions on decreasing loneliness on the volunteer interventionists themselves. Communicating these benefits for volunteers may attract more older adults into volunteering. This effective tele-based volunteer program is scalable for wider implementation. SUMMARY This RCT tested effects of volunteering on loneliness in Hong Kong during the COVID-19-pandemic. Three hundred seventy-five individuals ages 50-70 were randomized into volunteering (delivering tele-interventions against loneliness) versus an active control condition. After 6 months, volunteers compared to controls, showed benefits on loneliness, social network engagement, stress and depressive symptoms. A program engaging lonely older adults in loneliness intervention delivery has beneficial effects on volunteers themselves and could be a scalable solution for our loneliness epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Warner
- Department of Psychology (LMW), MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Da Jiang
- The Education University of Hong Kong (DJ, KLC), Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Rainbow Tin Hung Ho
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration (RTHH), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jojo Yan Yan Kwok
- School of Nursing (JYYK), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kee-Lee Chou
- The Education University of Hong Kong (DJ, KLC), Hong Kong, China
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Alves Firmeza M, de Vasconcelos Oliveira NM, Mendes Alves F, Teixeira Moreira Vasconcelos C, Ananias Vasconcelos Neto J. Urinary symptoms and sexual function after hysterectomy secondary to cervical cancer: A prospective, cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 296:208-214. [PMID: 38461785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS The estimated worldwide incidence of cervical cancer (CC) is half a million cases per year. Surgical treatment is the mainstay approach for this condition. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of hysterectomy due to cervical cancer in urinary symptoms and sexual function and the disorder related impact on the quality of patients life. STUDY DESIGN A cohort study was performed in Fortaleza/CE (Brazil) with 71 patients; of these, 31 were diagnosed with cervical cancer (G-CCU) and 40 with gynecological benign disease (G-PB). Sexual function (FSFI questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) and urinary symptoms (KHQ instrument) were investigated in both groups at baseline (T0), one month (T1) and four months after surgery (T2). RESULTS Both groups presented at baseline, similar urinary symptoms (p > 0.05), but this frequency doubled for the G-CCU group at T1 and remained unchanged at T2 (p = 0.012). G-PB's frequency of symptoms remained the same for 4 months after surgery. At baseline G-PB had higher risk for sexual dysfunction than G-CCU (82.5 % versus 54.8 %, p = 0.011). However for G-CCU, an increase of this percentage was perceived at T2.Women from the G-CCU group presented worse general and specific quality of life results. CONCLUSION Women underwent to hysterectomy due to cervical cancer presented higher percentages of urinary symptoms, higher risk for sexual dysfunction and worse general and specific quality of life scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves Firmeza
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Ceará, St Alexandre Baraúna, n.1115 - 1° floor, room 3 - Rodolfo Teófilo district, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
| | - Natália Maria de Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Woman's Health Department, Federal University of Ceará, 1608 Prof. Costa Mendes St - 2° floor - Rodolfo Teófilo district, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará 60416-200, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Mendes Alves
- Woman's Health Department, Federal University of Ceará, 1608 Prof. Costa Mendes St - 2° floor - Rodolfo Teófilo district, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará 60416-200, Brazil.
| | - Camila Teixeira Moreira Vasconcelos
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Ceará, St Alexandre Baraúna, n.1115 - 1° floor, room 3 - Rodolfo Teófilo district, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil.
| | - José Ananias Vasconcelos Neto
- Woman's Health Department, Federal University of Ceará, 1608 Prof. Costa Mendes St - 2° floor - Rodolfo Teófilo district, city of Fortaleza, state of Ceará 60416-200, Brazil.
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