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Jinka Ramamurthy M, Hoffman DM. “Development” definitions of internally displaced people and the government: A study of the Chenchu tribe in the Nallamala forest of southern India. Front Conserv Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2023.1126168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Government of India’s twin objectives of protecting the tiger population in the Nallamala forest and providing “development” to the indigenous Chenchu people have resulted in an ongoing process of displacement of the Chenchu people from the forest to the town fringes. While the conservation-displacement nexus has bridged new anthropocentric pathways for development, it has also created deeper crevices in the innate relationships of the Chenchu with the forests and tigers. The research uses a bottom-up approach to present on-the-ground realities of conservation and development policies of the Indian Government and the Chenchu people, particularly, the Chenchu’s development expectations, relationship with the forest and tigers, and displacement views as well as the government’s tiger conservation objectives, development promises, and perspectives on Chenchu development and forest conservation. The paper is a comparative study of the definitions of “development” held by the internally displaced Chenchu people and the Indian government representatives of the Integrated Tribal Development Agency and the Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, and the local non-government organizations that collaborate with the Government.
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Salim E. Glacier tourism without ice: Envisioning future adaptations in a melting world. Front Hum Dyn 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fhumd.2023.1137551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing profound changes in high mountain environments, including the rapid retreat of glaciers. The retreat and potential disappearance of Alpine glaciers during the twenty-first century raises questions about the future of glacier tourism sites. This perspective article reflects on these changes with a desk-based approach to suggest three possible ways glacier tourism can adapt to anticipated glacier loss. These three strategies include further developing geotourism, transforming last-chance tourism into “dark tourism,” and using virtual reality to “virtually” reconstruct disappearing glaciers. This paper draws on three cases to discuss the potential of these strategies. The first is the Aletsch Glacier, the largest in the Alps, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It has also been the subject of recent work on geotourism. The second case is Mer de Glace, the largest glacier at the Montenvers site in France. This glacier has been studied in the context of last-chance tourism. The final case is the Mortaretsch Glacier in Switzerland, which can be reached from Diavolezza and has not been the subject of many studies. However, this site is one of the first to incorporate virtual reality technology into the tourist experience of the glacier.
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Abakumov E, Tembotov R. Agriculture in the Baksan Gorge of the Central Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia. Foods and Raw Materials 2023. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2023-1-561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
No agriculture is possible without soil. This article reviews available data on the soils of the Baksan Gorge located in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia. The research objective was to collect and analyze information on the soil composition and crop yields in this region of the Central Caucasus.
The review covered the last five years of scientific publications cited in Scopus, Web of Science, and Elibrary. It also featured contemporary and archival documents on the soil composition and periglacial agriculture in the Baksan Gorge.
The agriculture and cattle breeding started in the Central Caucasus in the first millennium BC when the local peoples began to develop these lands as highland pastures and, subsequently, for agricultural farming. During the second millennium BC, crop production became one of the most important economic sectors in the Central Caucasus. Corn, barley, wheat, and millet were the main agricultural crops in the Baksan Gorge. Millet has always been a traditional Kabardian crop, and millet farming occupied the largest flatland areas. Barley was the staple crop in the highlands. Currently, the list of local staple crops includes corn, wheat, and sunflower. Barley, oats, peas, potatoes, vegetables, berries, nuts, grapes, and annual herbs are also popular. The past fifteen years have seen an extensive development of intensive horticulture in the Baksan Gorge.
Agricultural ecology and production problems depend on the localization of agriculture in the Central Caucasus. This research reviewed data on the effect of soil composition on the yield and value of agricultural crops in the Baksan Gorge of the Central Caucasus.
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Mallon Andrews K. Ecologies of mistrust: Fish, fishermen, and the multispecies ethics of ethnographic authority. American Anthropologist 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyrstin Mallon Andrews
- Department of Anthropology Maxwell School of Citizenship & Public Affairs Syracuse University New York USA
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Xinxing S, Sarkar A, Yue D, Hongbin Z, Fangyuan T. The influences of the advancement of green technology on agricultural CO2 release reduction: A case of Chinese agricultural industry. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1096381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of green technology (GT) may have a vital influence in decreasing carbon releases, and the linkage between the advancement of GT and CO2 releases in China's agricultural industry has not attracted enough attention. The main objectives of this study are to assess the influence of agricultural green technology advancement on efficiency enhancement, release control capabilities, agricultural energy structure, and agriculture industrial structure. This article decomposes the advancement of green technology (AGTP) in the agricultural industry in China into resource-saving green technology advancement (AEGTP) and emission reduction green technology advancement (ACGTP). At the same time, to evaluate the intermediary impact of green technology advancement, a two-step econometric model and an intermediary impact model were utilized to evaluate the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2018. The role of AGTP (including ACGTP and AEGTP) and CO2 release concentration has also been explored critically. The results show that (i) under the two-step measurement method, AGTP has substantial favorable impacts on agricultural energy efficiency (EF) and possesses a negative impact on agriculture industrial structure (PS) and agricultural energy structure (ES). Agricultural energy efficiency (EF) and agriculture industrial structure (PS) under AGTP will reduce CO2 release concentration, but the path of agricultural energy structure (ES) will increase CO2 release concentration. (ii) At the national level, AGTP has an immediate unfavorable influence on CO2 releases. After introducing the intermediary variables, the intermediary impact of AGTP on CO2 releases through agricultural energy efficiency (EF), agriculture industrial structure (PS), and agricultural energy structure (ES) is also significantly negative, and the direct impacts of each variable are higher than the intermediary impact. (iii) In terms of different zones, the direct impacts of AGTP are all significant. The order of significance of the direct impacts of different zones is west to central and central to eastern. The overall significance ranking of the mediating impact is ACGTP > AEGTP > AGTP, and the significance ranking of each index is ES > EF > PS. Finally, this article puts forward some policy recommendations to reduce CO2 releases.
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Lange A, Wutke M, Ammer S, Appel AK, Henne H, Deermann A, Traulsen I. Old breeds, new solutions? Effects of two different traditional sire breeds on skin lesions, tail lesions, tail losses, performance and behaviour of rearing pigs. Animal 2023; 17:100721. [PMID: 36857817 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies indicated a relationship between modern, fast-growing, lean-meat-producing hybrid pigs and the occurrence of tail-biting, one of the major issues of conventional pig husbandry. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of different local, traditional sire breeds on the behaviour and performance of rearing pigs. Between December 2019 and November 2020, a total of 1 561 piglets were weaned from hybrid sows (Bundes Hybrid Zucht Programm (BHZP) Landrace × BHZP Large White) that were paired with either Swabian-Hall (SH), Bentheim Black Pied (BB) or BHZP-Piétrain (Pi) boars. Tails of the piglets were left intact (43.5%) or docked (56.5%), and male piglets were castrated. Piglets were conventionally reared on fully slatted plastic flooring in mixed-sex groups. Starting one day after weaning, skin lesions were scored once per pig, and tail lesions and losses were scored weekly until the end of rearing. The average daily gain was documented for the suckling and rearing period. The activity behaviour of eight focal pens was analysed using video recordings. Differences between modern and traditional breeds were found in this study for so-called aggressive and non-aggressive biting pronounced by skin and tail lesions and tail losses. Significantly fewer BB pigs had severe skin lesions on the front body than SH or Pi pigs (P < 0.05). Additionally, piglets that were classified as light (<5.6 kg) at weaning showed skin lesion scores of 0 more often than piglets that were classified with a medium (≥5.6-≤8.3 kg) or heavy (>8.3 kg) weaning weight (P < 0.05). In the first half of the rearing period, significantly more BB pigs were assessed as having no tail lesions and tail losses than SH and Pi pigs (P < 0.01). However, these differences disappeared in the second half of rearing. Either docked or undocked Pi pigs had significantly higher average daily gains than SH and BB pigs (P < 0.05). The activity of the focal pens was not influenced by the sire breed or tail lesion class, which might be due to the limited sample size of eight pens. To conclude, the use of the traditional sire breed BB has the potential to reduce injurious behaviour in the offspring. However, adjustments to the housing and feeding should be taken to further reduce the incidence of tail lesions and losses and to enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lange
- Department of Animal Sciences, Livestock Systems, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - M Wutke
- Department of Animal Sciences, Breeding Informatics Group, Georg-August-University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Ammer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Livestock Systems, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A K Appel
- BHZP GmbH, An der Wassermühle 8, 21368 Dahlenburg-Ellringen, Germany
| | - H Henne
- BHZP GmbH, An der Wassermühle 8, 21368 Dahlenburg-Ellringen, Germany
| | - A Deermann
- ASB GmbH, Boschstraße 9, 49770 Herzlake, Germany
| | - I Traulsen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Livestock Systems, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Biedenweg K, Anderson L, Chisholm Hatfield Siletz Cherokee S, Hollender R, Kintner L, Trimbach DJ. Seeking Consilience: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Western Social Science Contributions to Orca Conservation Knowledge. J Nat Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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8
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Bourgeois R, Guerbois C, Giva N, Mugabe P, Mukamuri B, Fynn R, Daré W, Motsholapheko M, Nare L, Delay E, Ducrot R, Bucuane J, Mercandalli S, Le Page C, Caron A. Using anticipation to unveil drivers of local livelihoods in Transfrontier Conservation Areas: A call for more environmental justice. People and Nature 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bourgeois
- CIRAD, UMR ART‐Dev Saint Louis Senegal
- ART‐Dev, Univ Montpellier, CNRS Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CIRAD Montpellier France
- CRA/ISRA Saint Louis Senegal
| | - Chloé Guerbois
- Sustainability Research Unit Nelson Mandela University George South Africa
- International Research Laboratory, REHABS CNRS‐Université Lyon 1‐NMU George South Africa
| | - Nicia Giva
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
| | - Prisca Mugabe
- Faculty of Animal Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Billy Mukamuri
- Centre for Applied Social Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Richard Fynn
- Okavango Research Institute University of Botswana Maun Botswana
| | - William’s Daré
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | | | - Lerato Nare
- Institute of Development Studies National University of Science and Technology Bulawayo Zimbabwe
| | - Etienne Delay
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Raphaëlle Ducrot
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
- CIRAD UMR G‐eau Montpellier France
| | - Joaquim Bucuane
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
| | - Sara Mercandalli
- ART‐Dev, Univ Montpellier, CNRS Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CIRAD Montpellier France
| | - Christophe Le Page
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Forêts et Sociétés Univ Montpellier, CIRAD Montpellier France
- ASTRE Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, MUSE Montpellier France
- Faculdade de Veterinaria Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
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9
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McClenachan L, Neal B. Forgotten whales, fading codfish: Perceptions of ‘natural’ ecosystems inform visions of future recovery. People and Nature 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loren McClenachan
- Ocean History Lab, Department of History and School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Environmental Studies Program Colby College Waterville Maine USA
| | - Benjamin Neal
- Environmental Studies Program Colby College Waterville Maine USA
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
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Jang J, Kim B, Jhang SY, Ahn B, Kang M, Park C, Cho ES, Kim YS, Park W, Kim H. Population differentiated copy number variation between Eurasian wild boar and domesticated pig populations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1115. [PMID: 36670113 PMCID: PMC9859782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sus scrofa is a globally distributed livestock species that still maintains two different ways of life: wild and domesticated. Herein, we detected copy number variation (CNV) of 328 animals using short read alignment on Sscrofa11.1. We compared CNV among five groups of porcine populations: Asian domesticated (AD), European domesticated (ED), Asian wild (AW), European wild (EW), and Near Eastern wild (NEW). In total, 21,673 genes were identified on 154,872 copy number variation region (CNVR). Differences in gene copy numbers between populations were measured by considering the variance-based value [Formula: see text] and the one-way ANOVA test followed by Scheffe test. As a result, 111 genes were suggested as copy number variable genes. Abnormally gained copy number on EEA1 in all populations was suggested the presence of minor CNV in the reference genome assembly, Sscrofa11.1. Copy number variable genes were related to meat quality, immune response, and reproduction traits. Hierarchical clustering of all individuals and mean pairwise [Formula: see text] in breed level were visualized genetic relationship of 328 individuals and 56 populations separately. Our findings have shown how the complex history of pig evolution appears in genome-wide CNV of various populations with different regions and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisung Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsang Kim
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yun Jhang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Mingue Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Cho
- Swine Science Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Young-Sin Kim
- Swine Science Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Peng Y, Derks MFL, Groenen MAM, Zhao Y, Bosse M. Distinct traces of mixed ancestry in western commercial pig genomes following gene flow from Chinese indigenous breeds. Front Genet 2023; 13:1070783. [PMID: 36712875 PMCID: PMC9880450 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1070783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying gene flow between different livestock breeds will benefit the discovery of genes related to production traits and provide insight into human historical breeding. Chinese pigs have played an indispensable role in the breeding of Western commercial pigs. However, the differences in the timing and volume of the contribution of pigs from different Chinese regions to Western pigs are not yet apparent. In this paper, we combine the whole-genome sequencing data of 592 pigs from different studies and illustrate patterns of gene flow from Chinese pigs into Western commercial pigs. We describe introgression patterns from four distinct Chinese indigenous groups into five Western commercial groups. There were considerable differences in the number and length of the putative introgressed segments from Chinese pig groups that contributed to Western commercial pig breeds. The contribution of pigs from different Chinese geographical locations to a given western commercial breed varied more than that from a specific Chinese pig group to different Western commercial breeds, implying admixture within Europe after introgression. Within different Western commercial lines from the same breed, the introgression patterns from a given Chinese pig group seemed highly conserved, suggesting that introgression of Chinese pigs into Western commercial pig breeds mainly occurred at an early stage of breed formation. Finally, based on analyses of introgression signals, allele frequencies, and selection footprints, we identified a ∼2.65 Mb Chinese-derived haplotype under selection in Duroc pigs (CHR14: 95.68-98.33 Mb). Functional and phenotypic studies demonstrate that this PRKG1 haplotype is related to backfat and loin depth in Duroc pigs. Overall, we demonstrate that the introgression history of domestic pigs is complex and that Western commercial pigs contain distinct traces of mixed ancestry, likely derived from various Chinese pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Martijn FL Derks
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands,Topigs Norsvin Research Center, Beuningen, Netherlands
| | - Martien AM Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mirte Bosse
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands,Amsterdam Insitute of Life and Environment (A-Life), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Mirte Bosse,
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12
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Tadesse Z, Nemomissa S, Lemessa D. Predicting the distributions of
Pouteria adolfi‐friederici
and
Prunus africana
tree species under current and future climate change scenarios in Ethiopia. Afr J Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun Tadesse
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture Wollega University Nekemte Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Nemomissa
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Debissa Lemessa
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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Doig-Alba L, Bussalleu A, Cárdenas-Alayza S, Cardeña-Mormontoy M, Valdés-Velásquez A. Have we achieved a sustainable balance? Evaluating the effects of regulated guano extraction on an important penguin breeding colony (2008–2019). Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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14
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Derham T, Johnson C, Martin B, Ryeland J, Ondei S, Fielding M, Brook BW. Extinction of the Tasmanian emu and opportunities for rewilding. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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15
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Massenberg JR, Schiller J, Schröter‐Schlaack C. Towards a holistic approach to rewilding in cultural landscapes. People and Nature 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julian R. Massenberg
- Department Economics Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Johannes Schiller
- Department Economics Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ Leipzig Germany
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Najgebauer-Lejko D, Pluta-Kubica A, Domagała J, Turek K, Duda I, Golian J. Effect of Bear Garlic Addition on the Chemical Composition, Microbiological Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Degree of Proteolysis in Soft Rennet Cheeses Produced from Milk of Polish Red and Polish Holstein-Friesian Cows. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248930. [PMID: 36558083 PMCID: PMC9787386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of milk source and bear garlic addition on the selected properties of soft rennet cheese. Cheeses were produced from cow milk derived from two sources: Polish Red cows (PR) and Polish Holstein-Friesian cows (PHF) with a 0.5% (w/w) addition of bear garlic (Allium ursinum L.) dried leaves. Chemical composition and fatty acid profiles (GC) were determined in fresh cheeses. Fresh and stored for two weeks cheeses were subjected to microbiological studies, i.e., total aerobic bacteria count (TABC); count of Lactococcus sp., yeast and molds; coliforms; analysis of the proteolysis extension by means of o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) assay and free amino acids content (HPLC); antioxidant capacity as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); as well as pH and water activity. Cheeses with bear garlic herbs were more prone to proteolysis but this was not accompanied by any effect on the microbial counts, water activity or pH. Cheeses produced from PR milk contained less monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) but were richer in n-3 PUFA and had a lower n-6/n-3 FA ratio than cheeses from PHF milk. Bear garlic addition increased DPPH anti-radical power but had less of an effect on the FRAP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Najgebauer-Lejko
- Department of Animal Product Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-6624805
| | - Agnieszka Pluta-Kubica
- Department of Animal Product Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Domagała
- Department of Animal Product Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turek
- Department of Animal Product Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Duda
- Department of Animal Product Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Golian
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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17
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Wheeler MM, Larson KL, Cook EM, Hall SJ. Residents manage dynamic plant communities: Change over time in urban vegetation. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.944803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIntegrated social and ecological processes shape urban plant communities, but the temporal dynamics and potential for change in these managed communities have rarely been explored. In residential yards, which cover about 40% of urban land area, individuals make decisions that control vegetation outcomes. These decisions may lead to relatively static plant composition and structure, as residents seek to expend little effort to maintain stable landscapes. Alternatively, residents may actively modify plant communities to meet their preferences or address perceived problems, or they may passively allow them to change. In this research, we ask, how and to what extent does residential yard vegetation change over time?MethodsWe conducted co-located ecological surveys of yards (in 2008, 2018, and 2019) and social surveys of residents (in 2018) in four diverse neighborhoods of Phoenix, Arizona.Results94% of residents had made some changes to their front or back yards since moving in. On average, about 60% of woody vegetation per yard changed between 2008 and 2018, though the number of species present did not differ significantly. In comparison, about 30% of woody vegetation changed in native Sonoran Desert reference areas over 10 years. In yards, about 15% of woody vegetation changed on average in a single year, with up to 90% change in some yards. Greater turnover was observed for homes that were sold, indicating a “pulse” of management. Additionally, we observed greater vegetation turnover in the two older, lawn-dominated neighborhoods surveyed despite differences in neighborhood socioeconomic factors.DiscussionThese results indicate that residential plant communities are dynamic over time. Neighborhood age and other characteristics may be important drivers of change, while socioeconomic status neither promotes nor inhibits change at the neighborhood scale. Our findings highlight an opportunity for management interventions, wherein residents may be open to making conservation-friendly changes if they are already altering the composition of their yards.
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Pluta-Kubica A, Najgebauer-Lejko D, Domagała J, Štefániková J, Golian J. The Effect of Cow Breed and Wild Garlic Leaves (Allium ursinum L.) on the Sensory Quality, Volatile Compounds, and Physical Properties of Unripened Soft Rennet-Curd Cheese. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36553690 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cow breed and the addition of wild garlic on the sensory quality, volatile compounds, and physical properties of soft rennet-curd cheese. Cheese was produced from the milk of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed Black-and-White type and the Polish Red breed, with or without the addition of wild garlic leaves. The samples were analyzed for their sensory quality, volatile compounds (using an electronic nose and GC/MS), color, and texture. The intensity of taste and smell characteristics depended only on the addition of wild garlic. PCA showed that the differences in volatile profiles resulted both from the milk cow breed and the use of wild garlic. Breed influenced almost all color parameters, while the addition of wild garlic affected all of them. The milk source, wild garlic addition, and storage duration influenced the majority of the textural parameters of the cheeses. The research conducted indicates that the addition of wild garlic leaves results in the enrichment of the volatile compound profile of cheese, making its taste and smell less milky and sour (p ≤ 0.001), while modifying its color and some textural properties (p ≤ 0.001); while, at the same time, not adversely affecting the sensory assessment of the color, appearance, texture, smell, or taste of the cheese (p > 0.05).
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Stockmann N, Graf A. Just translation? A socioecological justice lens on EU environmental governance and urban mobility transitions. Z Politikwiss 2022. [PMCID: PMC9714407 DOI: 10.1007/s41358-022-00335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
EU environmental policies such as the Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50 are highly relevant in this age of the looming climate crisis and interconnected sustainable transitions. However, implementation efforts such as low-emission zones, road pricing, and driving bans affect citizens in heterogenous situations and in ways that evoke questions of socioecological justice. This has resulted in an increasingly polarized reluctance to respective governance across Europe. The EU policy implementation literature often omits these less clearly operationalized norms that EU policies transport and pays little attention to how stakeholders in cities discursively and practically translate EU directives. Constructivist norm research underlines the importance of ‘localizing’ by highlighting that justice does matter for norm translation. The environmental justice concept has, however, not been systematically introduced and referenced in the norm research literature. This article offers a heuristic to address this research gap by combining a translation perspective from International Relations norm research with an environmental justice lens. Following the journey of the Air Quality Directive 2008/50, we ask how urban implementation configures the Directive’s environmental justice dimension and why this is important for effective and sustainable EU governance. Empirically, we focus on action plans and participation processes regarding Directive 2008/50 in Brussels, Glasgow, and Hamburg. As a result, we show that EU environmental governance unfolds at the local level as a dynamic contestation of different distributive justice claims that then translate into concrete policies. The analysis indicates that those policies must procedurally integrate local knowledge and identity formation to enable comprehensively just sustainable transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Stockmann
- Institute of Political Science, University of Münster, Scharnhorststraße 100, 48151 Münster, Germany
| | - Antonia Graf
- Institute of Political Science, University of Münster, Scharnhorststraße 100, 48151 Münster, Germany
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Šantrůčková M, Dostálek J, Bendíková L, Frantík T, Demková K. Natural habitats in manor landscape gardens: their distribution and quality. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Beltrão P, Marques CI, Guerra S, Silva PA, Cardoso GC, Gomes ACR. Domed nests as an exaptation for compound nest construction: the case of the common waxbill. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gadsden GI, Golden N, Harris NC. Place-Based Bias in Environmental Scholarship Derived from Social-Ecological Landscapes of Fear. Bioscience 2022; 73:23-35. [PMID: 36643594 PMCID: PMC9832956 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical perspectives (e.g., moments of social, political, and economic significance) are increasingly relevant for developing insights into landscape change and ecosystem degradation. However, the question of how to incorporate historical events into ecological inquiry is still under development, owing to the evolving paradigm of transdisciplinary thinking between natural science and the humanities. In the present article, we call for the inclusion of negative human histories (e.g., evictions of communities and environmental injustices) as important factors that drive landscape change and shape research questions relevant to environmental conservation. We outline the detrimental effects of conservationists not addressing negative human histories by likening this social phenomenon to the ecological concept of landscapes of fear, which describes how not acknowledging these histories produces a landscape that constrains where and how research is conducted by scientists. Finally, we provide three positive recommendations for scholars or practitioners to address the manifestation of historic place-based bias in ecological research. What we call the social-ecological landscapes of fear provides a conceptual framework for more inclusive practices in ecology to increase the success of environmental and conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigel Golden
- Applied Wildlife Ecology (AWE) Lab, School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nyeema C Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology (AWE) Lab, School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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Lee KJ, Casper J, Powell R, Floyd MF. African Americans’ outdoor recreation involvement, leisure satisfaction, and subjective well-being. Curr Psychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fontanesi L. Genetics and genomics of pigmentation variability in pigs: A review. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Farr JJ, White CA. Buffalo on the Edge: Factors Affecting Historical Distribution and Restoration of Bison bison in the Western Cordillera, North America. Diversity 2022; 14:937. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The historic western edge of the bison (Bison bison) range and the ecological processes that caused its formation are frequently debated with important implications for bison restoration across North America. We test the hypothesis that a combination of bottom-up habitat suitability and top-down harvest pressure from Indigenous peoples were important processes in forming the western edge of bison distribution. Using 9384 historical journal observations from 1691–1928, we employ MaxEnt ecological niche modelling to identify suitable bison habitat across the Western Cordillera from bottom-up climatic, land cover, and topographic factors. We then use mixed-effect logistic regression to test if bison occurrence in journal records can be in part explained by the abundance of humans, wolves, or grizzly bears, in addition to MaxEnt-derived habitat suitability. We find support for our hypothesis because of the limited suitable habitat in the Rocky Mountains that likely prevented westward bison dispersal from their core habitat, and there was a negative relationship between bison occurrence and human harvest pressure. On this basis, we propose that intensive human harvest from large populations in the Western Cordillera, subsidized by other wildlife, salmon, and vegetation resources, is an underappreciated socioecological process that needs to be restored alongside bison populations. Co-managing bison with Indigenous peoples will also mitigate the adverse effects of overabundant bison populations and maximize the ecological and cultural benefits of bison restoration.
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(CRYSTAL) BIRUK CAL. Capture‐recapture. American Ethnologist 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/amet.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Muraoka WT, Cramer KL, O’Dea A, Zhao JX, Leonard ND, Norris RD. Historical declines in parrotfish on Belizean coral reefs linked to shifts in reef exploitation following European colonization. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.972172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have utilized the Mesoamerican Reef (MAR) for millennia but the effects of prehistorical and historical fishing on this ecosystem remain understudied. To assess the long-term coupling of reef ecosystem and human dynamics in this region, we tracked trends in the structure and functioning of lagoonal reefs within the Belizean portion of the MAR using fish teeth fossils and sediment accumulation rates within reef sediment cores. We then paired this with a timeline of demographic and cultural changes in this region’s human populations. The ∼1,300-year timeline encompassed in the core record shows that declines in the relative abundance and accumulation rate of teeth from parrotfish, a key reef herbivore, occurred at all three reef sites and began between ∼1500 and 1800 AD depending on site and metric of abundance. A causality analysis showed that parrotfish relative abundance had a positive causal effect on reef accretion rates, a proxy of coral growth, reconfirming the important role of these fish in reef ecosystem functioning. The timing of initial declines in parrotfish teeth occurred during a time of relatively low human population density in Belize. However, declines were synchronous with cultural and demographic upheaval resulting from European colonization of the New World. The more recent declines at these sites (∼1800 AD) occurred in tandem with increased subsistence fishing on reefs by multiple immigrant groups, a pattern that was likely necessitated by the establishment of an import economy controlled by a small group of land-owning European elites. These long-term trends from the paleoecological record reveal that current parrotfish abundances in central Belize are well below their pre-European contact peaks and that increased fishing pressure on parrotfish post-contact has likely caused a decline in reef accretion rates. The origins of reef degradation in the Belizean portion of the MAR began hundreds of years before the onset of modern declines resulting from the combined effects of local human disturbances and climate change.
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Martinez-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garcia C, Valdez-Salas B, Santacruz-Ruvalcaba F, Di Mascio P, Beltran-Garcia MJ. Micropropagation of Seed-Derived Clonal Lines of the Endangered Agave marmorata Roezl and Their Compatibility with Endophytes. Biology 2022; 11:biology11101423. [PMID: 36290326 PMCID: PMC9598202 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The wild Agave marmorata Roezl has been classified as an endangered species. Extracting these plants from the forest for commercial purposes and long maturation periods of close to 30 years have contributed to their loss. A. marmorata interacts with pollinators and other Agaves species to maintain genetic variability. Thus, the conservation and restoration of the agave ecosystem is an ecological challenge. Typically, agave micropropagation use meristem or leaves as explants to rapidly produce uniform agave plants in age and size on a large scale leading to homogeneous plantations. However, introducing these clones to the field reduces genetic variability. This study evaluated in vitro micropropagation of A. marmorata from seeds to generate clonal lines. The selected seedlings exhibited variations in multiplication capacity and stable tissue formation. Variations in clonal lines could be exploited to produce high-quality plants with different capacities, such as faster propagation, enhanced stress adaptation, and continued growth under nutrient limitation conditions, consequently maintaining genetic variability. Furthermore, some clonal lines were inoculated with four endophytic bacteria to identify other differences among these plants, including endophyte-host compatibility. Variable responses to inoculation were observed among clonal lines. We found that Achromobacter xylosoxidans was compatible, unlike Enterobacter cloacae which caused plant death. Abstract A. marmorata is the raw material used for tepextate mescal production but is classified as an endangered species. In the present study, we obtain and multiply clonal lines of Agave marmorata Roezl by selecting seedlings derived from seeds. Ten seedlings from two lots of 400 germinated seeds were selected for axillary bud proliferation induced by BAP 5 mg/L in vitamin-free Murashige and Skoog’s medium. Differences in shoot numbers, heights and senescent tissue formation were observed. Notably, the AM32 line formed 84 shoots and presented low senescent tissue after 60 d of culture. We also selected the AM31 and AM33 clonal lines. Four-month shoots were extracted with 80% methanol in water to determine the total content of saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids and compare the three clonal lines. Some bioactive molecules were identified using HPLC techniques and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry none showed significant differences in content. Additionally, plants derived from the clonal lines were inoculated with four endophytic bacteria. Among these, Achromobacter xylosoxidans supported plant growth of AM32. A notable effect of plant death was observed after inoculation with Enterobacter cloacae, an endophyte of A. tequilana. Additionally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an endophyte from A. marmorata, reduced biomass. Our results demonstrate the incompatibility of A. marmorata to E. cloacae and specialization between the host plant and its endophytes. The compatibility of the plant-endophyte could be exploited to boost the establishment and stability of mutualisms to benefit plant development, stress tolerance and pathogen resistance. The differences in multiplication capacity, stable tissue formation, and endophyte biotization responses may indicate genetic variability. Clonal selection and micropropagation from seed-derived plants could contribute to conserving the endangered A. marmorata plant for reforestation in their natural habitats, thus, assuring mass propagation for sustainable industrial production of mescal, bioactive compounds, and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- America Martinez-Rodriguez
- Engineering Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21280, Baja California, Mexico
- Lab 309-E Building, Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Celia Beltran-Garcia
- Lab 309-E Building, Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Valdez-Salas
- Engineering Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21280, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Fernando Santacruz-Ruvalcaba
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departament of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.D.M.); (M.J.B.-G.)
| | - Miguel J. Beltran-Garcia
- Lab 309-E Building, Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnologicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (P.D.M.); (M.J.B.-G.)
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Wereszczuk A, Fedotova A, Marciszak A, Popiołek M, Zharova A, Zalewski A. Various responses of pine marten morphology and demography to temporal climate changes and primary productivity. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Wereszczuk
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - A. Fedotova
- Universitetskaya naberezhnaya 5/2 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - A. Marciszak
- Department of Palaeozoology Institute of Environmental Biology University of Wrocław Wrocław Poland
| | - M. Popiołek
- Department of Parasitology University of Wrocław Wrocław Poland
| | - A. Zharova
- Clinical Hospital named after St. Luke the Blessed Surgeon Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - A. Zalewski
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
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Zhang Y, Hua L, Lin C, Yuan M, Xu W, Raj D. A, Venkidasamy B, Cespedes-Acuna CL, Nile SH, Yan G, Zheng H. Pien-Tze-Huang alleviates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through the inhibition of HSC autophagy and the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937484. [PMID: 36188553 PMCID: PMC9523731 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Pien-Tze-Huang (PZH)—a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound—has been employed to treat various liver inflammation and tumors for over 10 decades. Interestingly, most of the pharmacological effects had been validated and explored toward liver ailment along with pro-inflammatory conditions and cancer at the cellular and molecular level to date. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of PZH on autophagy and TGF-β1 signaling pathways in rats with liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell line (HSC). Materials and methods: Male SD rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis were used as the animal model. Next, PZH treatment was given for 8 weeks. Afterward, the therapeutic effects of PZH were analyzed through a hepatic tissue structure by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Van Gieson (VG) staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), activity of ALT and AST by enzyme-associated immunosorbent assay as well. Subsequently, mRNA and protein expression were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, the cell vitality of PZH-treated HSC and the expression of key molecules prevailing to autophagy were studied in vitro. Meanwhile, SM16 (a novel small molecular inhibitor which inhibits TGFβ-induced Smad2 phosphorylation) was employed to confirm PZH’s effects on the proliferation and autophagy of HSC. Results: PZH pharmacologically exerted anti-hepatic fibrosis effects as demonstrated by protecting hepatocytes and improving hepatic function. The results revealed the reduced production of extracellular collagen by adjusting the balance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) in PZH-treated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Interestingly, PZH inhibited the activation of HSC by down-regulating TGF-β1 and phosphorylating Smad2. Furthermore, PZH down-regulated yeast Atg6 (Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) toward suppressing HSC autophagy, and PZH exhibited similar effects to that of SM16. Conclusion: To conclude, PZH alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis to reduce the production of extracellular collagen and inhibiting the activation of HSC. In addition, their pharmacological mechanisms related to autophagy and TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathways were revealed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liping Hua
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunfeng Lin
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingzhou Yuan
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Anand Raj D.
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Carlos L. Cespedes-Acuna
- Plant Biochemistry and Phytochemical Ecology Lab, Basic Sciences Department University of Bio Bio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Shivraj Hariram Nile, ; Guohong Yan, ; Haiyin Zheng,
| | - Guohong Yan
- Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Shivraj Hariram Nile, ; Guohong Yan, ; Haiyin Zheng,
| | - Haiyin Zheng
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Shivraj Hariram Nile, ; Guohong Yan, ; Haiyin Zheng,
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Beaumont SN, Ehlers Smith DA, Ehlers Smith YC, Downs CT. The Development and Application of a Method for Estimating Red-Winged Francolin Population Density with Pointing Dogs in the Midlands, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. African Journal of Wildlife Research 2022. [DOI: 10.3957/056.052.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart N. Beaumont
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - David A. Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - Yvette C. Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - Colleen T. Downs
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
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Banos G, Talenti A, Chatziplis D, Sánchez-Molano E. Genomic analysis of the rare British Lop pig and identification of distinctive genomic markers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271053. [PMID: 35960784 PMCID: PMC9374264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentration of production on a few commercial pig breeds has led to the marginalization of many native, numerically small breeds, increasing their risk of endangerment. In the UK, one such rare breed is the British Lop, a lop-eared breed, of similar origin to the Welsh breed. The objective of the present study was to address the genomic status of the British Lop and its relationship with other breeds and identify a small set of genomic markers that uniquely characterize and distinguish British Lop animals. Results have shown that the British Lop is a relatively distinct population with reduced genomic diversity and effective size consistent with its status as a rare breed. Furthermore, we demonstrated the genetic closeness of the British Lop to phenotypically similar breeds such as Landrace and Welsh as well Large White, Middle White and Pietrain. Finally, a set of 75 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms distributed across multiple chromosomes were identified and validated as markers that can consistently distinguish British Lops from other closely related breeds. Results may inform breeding and management strategies aiming to enhance diversity as well as the development of a breed purity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Banos
- Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The Roslin Institute Building, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Talenti
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Chatziplis
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, Department of Agriculture, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Greece
| | - Enrique Sánchez-Molano
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Wright W, Tworek HJS, von Keyserlingk MAG, Koralesky KE, Weary DM. Using animal history to inform current debates in gene editing farm animals: A systematic review. Front Sustain Food Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.938085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in gene editing farm animals. Some alterations could benefit animal welfare (e.g., improved heat tolerance in cattle with the “slick” gene), the environment (e.g., reducing methane emissions from cattle with induced pluripotent stem cells), and productivity (e.g., higher weight gains in cattle with the “double muscling” gene). Existing scholarship on the acceptability of such modifications has used myriad approaches to identify societal factors that shape the ethics and governance of this technology. We argue that integrating historical approaches—particularly from the relatively new and burgeoning field of animal history—offers a form of “anticipatory knowledge” that can help guide discussions on this topic. We conducted a systematic review of the animal history literature in English, German, and Spanish to identify the influence of political, scientific, economic, social, and cultural factors on the development and acceptance of such technologies. We identified analogous structures and fault lines in past debates about farm animals that provide insights for contemporary discussions about gene editing. Those analogous structures include the market power of meatpackers or the racialized precepts in livestock breeding, and fault lines, like the disconnect between states and citizens over the direction of food systems. Highlighting these similarities demonstrates how external forces have shaped—and will continue to shape—the acceptance or rejection of emerging biotechnologies as applied to farm animals.
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Wang K, Jiang X, Hao C, Tao Z. Effect of Cucurbit[7]uril on Adsorption of Aniline Derivatives at Quartz. Coatings 2022; 12:1100. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12081100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption behavior of small molecules at solid–liquid interfaces have become an important research topic in recent years. For example, small molecules of aniline pollutants will adsorb on solid surfaces with a massive discharge of industrial wastewater and are difficult to separate. Therefore, their adsorption and desorption on solid surfaces have become an important scientific problem. In this study, the interactions of cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA) and benzidine (AN) are studied using 1H NMR, UV-Vis spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that Q[7] forms an inclusion complex with MDA and AN. According to the results of Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D), MDA adsorbs onto a quartz surface and forms a viscous adsorption layer on it. The AN adsorbs on the quartz surface and forms a rigid adsorption film on it. Q[7] can reduce the adsorption of MDA on the quartz surface and increases the adsorption of AN on it. Through the dynamic adsorption experiments, we find that Q[7] has a desorption effect on MDA molecules adsorbed on the quartz surface. An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is used to measure the morphological changes in the adsorption film before and after Q[7] makes contact with the quartz surface, and it proves that Q[7] has a desorption effect on MDA molecules adsorbed on the surface.
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Gong H, Liu W, Wu Z, Zhang M, Sun Y, Ling Z, Xiao S, Ai H, Xin Y, Yang B, Huang L. Evolutionary insights into porcine genomic structural variations based on a novel constructed dataset from 24 worldwide diverse populations. Evol Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eva.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huanfa Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Zhongzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Mingpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Huashui Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Yuyun Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang P.R. China
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Sandercock AM, Westbrook JW, Zhang Q, Johnson HA, Saielli TM, Scrivani JA, Fitzsimmons SF, Collins K, Perkins MT, Craddock JH, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Holliday JA. Frozen in time: rangewide genomic diversity, structure, and demographic history of relict American chestnut populations. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4640-4655. [PMID: 35880415 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was once the most economically and ecologically important hardwood species in the eastern United States. In the first half of the 20th century, an exotic fungal pathogen - Cryphonectria parasitica - decimated the species, killing billions of chestnut trees. Two approaches to developing blight resistant American chestnut populations show promise, but both will require introduction of adaptive genomic diversity from wild germplasm to produce diverse, locally adapted restoration populations. Here we characterize population structure, demographic history, and genomic diversity in a range-wide sample of 384 wild American chestnuts to inform conservation and breeding with blight resistant varieties. Population structure analyses suggest that the chestnut range can be roughly divided into northeast, central, and southwest populations. Within-population genomic diversity estimates revealed a clinal pattern with the highest diversity in the southwest, which likely reflects bottleneck events associated with Quaternary glaciation. Finally, we identified genomic regions under positive selection within each population, which suggests that defense against fungal pathogens is a common target of selection across all populations. Taken together, these results show that American chestnut underwent a postglacial expansion from the southern portion of its range leading to three extant genetic populations. These populations will serve as management units for breeding adaptive genetic variation into the blight-resistant tree populations for targeted reintroduction efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hayley A Johnson
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - M Taylor Perkins
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - J Hill Craddock
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jason A Holliday
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Kanan S, Moyet M, Obeideen K, El-sayed Y, Mohamed AA. Occurrence, analysis and removal of pesticides, hormones, pharmaceuticals, and other contaminants in soil and water streams for the past two decades: a review. Res Chem Intermed. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Hauser SJ, Zhu P. The Shaping of Daqing: Borderless Interactions between Oil and Urban Areas. Land 2022; 11:1120. [DOI: 10.3390/land11071120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Since the development of the oil industry in the 1860s, petroleum products became increasingly important in economies and shaped the urban form. The impact of oil exploration, exploitation, and transformation led to the creation of districts and cities entirely dedicated to the oil industry. This dynamic relationship between economic activity and urbanization was presented in the shaping of cities and their borders. Although important, the notion of borders and its consequences on the uses of land as well as on the life of inhabitants are often ignored. This paper first conceptualizes the term borders in understanding the interlinkages between oil and other areas closely related, either geographically or for the functioning of the oil industry; it then illustrates the intertwined borders of all these spaces from the contemporary example of the city of Daqing, in Northeast China. The paper answers the question of how past borders designed during the development of Daqing in the 1960s are impacting future planning strategies and the health of local inhabitants? By mapping the current land-use of the city, this paper elaborates on the need to consider borders beyond two-dimensional perspectives by revealing how spatial planning practices in oil-dependent cities can be an environmental issue today and in the future. The objective is to demonstrate the influence of past planning decisions linked to industrial activities on contemporary urban spaces.
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Yuan Y, Xu G, Shen N, Nie Z, Li H, Zhang L, Gong Y, He Y, Ma X, Zhang H, Zhu J, Duan J, Xu P. Valuation of Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development of Hani Terraces: A Rice–Fish–Duck Integrated Farming Model. IJERPH 2022; 19:8549. [PMID: 35886399 PMCID: PMC9317269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a complementary and symbiotic agro-ecological cycle system, a nature-based integrated rice–fish–duck farming ecosystem was developed in the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces. The main research objective was to evaluate the ecosystem services based on case studies of the Hani integrated rice–fish–duck terraced farming system and determine its potential and its importance as an ecological asset. We developed a valuation model to assess the value of the integrated farming system based on the three aspects of provisioning, regulation and maintenance, and cultural services; we selected eight groups and 10 indictors to evaluate the ecosystem services of the integrated ecosystem in Honghe Hani Rice Terraces was 3.316 billion CNY, of which the provisioning service value was 1.76 billion CNY, the regulation and maintenance service value was 1.32 billion CNY, and the cultural services value was 230.85 million CNY. The evaluation will be useful as a theoretical reference for poverty alleviation policy makers in similar poverty-stricken areas, enabling them to better protect and promote this mode of farming and further promote the protection of the natural environment and cultural heritage alongside the sustainable development of natural resources and human well-being.
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Barthold C, Bevan D, Corvellec H. An ecofeminist position in critical practice: Challenging corporate truth in the Anthropocene. Gender Work & Organization 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Barthold
- Department for People and Organisations Open University Milton Keynes UK
| | - David Bevan
- Saint Martin's Institute of Higher Education Hamrun Malta
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Mateer TJ. Developing Connectedness to Nature in Urban Outdoor Settings: A Potential Pathway Through Awe, Solitude, and Leisure. Front Psychol 2022; 13:940939. [PMID: 35898979 PMCID: PMC9309726 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.940939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor leisure experiences may represent an understudied yet effective pathway to promote connectedness to nature for urban park visitors. In contrast to outdoor recreation, this critical essay argues outdoor leisure more heavily emphasizes eudaimonic sentiments and intrinsic motivation in comparison with the goal-oriented and hedonic nature of outdoor recreation. It is further argued that two specific social psychological constructs, awe and solitude, may be especially useful in promoting leisure experiences in urban outdoor spaces. Relevant philosophical and social psychological literature is reviewed and synthesized to outline how land managers and environmental educators may facilitate experiences of awe and solitude to better promote contexts for experiencing outdoor leisure in urban parks. Specifically, reviewed literature suggests that utilizing the recreation opportunity spectrum framework and co-creative processes may be an effective path forward in better supporting urban park environments that are conducive to awe, solitude, and leisure. The review and synthesis of this research may ultimately guide environmental educators, land managers, and researchers in ways to more effectively support connectedness to nature via outdoor leisure experiences as an outcome for visitors to outdoor urban spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Mateer
- Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Rachwald A, Apoznański G, Thor K, Więcek M, Zapart A. Nursery Roosts Used by Barbastelle Bats, Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in European Lowland Mixed Forest Transformed by Spruce Bark Beetle, Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Forests 2022; 13:1073. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF, approx. 1700 km2) is an important forest area in Europe from the point of view of the protection of natural diversity. BPF is covered with old mixed tree stands of mostly natural origin. Norway spruce is a tree species in BPF and covers approx. 27% of its area. Between 2012 and 2017 a large outbreak of the bark beetle Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758) took place in the forest, which transformed the stands and left many dead standing trees. At that time salvage logging had begun but was stopped due to protests by scientists and activists and for legal reasons. As a result of research conducted using a radiotelemetry method in 2020, we found that the Western barbastelle bat Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774) chooses nursery roosts in dead Norway spruce trees, showing ecological plasticity by colonizing a newly available resource. Based on this, we found that the Western barbastelle has a preference for a type of roost rather than a tree species. Insect outbreaks in forests of primary, natural, or semi-natural origin are one of the natural factors that shape the habitat. Removal of dead standing trees disrupts these processes, and in this particular case results in the disappearance of a newly appeared ecological niche.
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Alberts R, Retief F, Roos C, Cilliers D, Lubbe W. Identifying key risks to the achievement of protected area system objectives. NC 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.49.83759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Protected area systems are designed in law and policy towards achieving certain policy objectives. These systems rely on legal frameworks that determine how countries designate, declare and manage their protected areas. To date, little research has been conducted on the risks faced by protected area systems. To this end, this paper aims to identify the key risks for protected area systems achieving their objectives. This is achieved through the application of Theory of Change (ToC), which is internationally recognised as the preferred method to identify underlying assumptions and risks within policy and legal frameworks. We achieve this aim through a case study analysis of the South African protected area system as embedded in law and policy. The application of the ToC method identified 25 underlying assumptions and risks which are central to the protected area system achieving its objectives. Understanding these risks allows for a better understanding of the potential failure of the system and how to avoid it. The paper then explores and discusses the identified risks in terms of existing literature and concludes by making recommendations related to further research for the identified risks.
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Kelley C, Mack DE, Wilson PM. Does Physical Activity in Natural Outdoor Environments Improve Wellbeing? A Meta-Analysis. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10. [PMID: 35878114 DOI: 10.3390/sports10070103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organizational initiatives and researchers have argued for the importance of the natural outdoor environment (NOE) for promoting wellbeing. The main aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the existing literature to examine the effects of physical activity (PA) in the NOE on wellbeing in adults. The secondary aim was to explore whether wellbeing reported by adults differs as a function of PA context. Electronic databases (PubMed, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Embase) were searched for English peer-reviewed articles published before January 2019. Inclusion criteria were: (1) healthy adults; (2) PA in the NOE; (3) the measurement of wellbeing; and (4) randomized control trials, quasi-experimental designs, matched group designs. To address the secondary aim, PA in the NOE was compared with that performed indoors. Risk of bias was assessed through the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Primary studies meeting inclusion criteria for the main (nstudies = 19) and secondary (nstudies = 5) aims were analyzed and interpreted. The overall effect size for the main analysis was moderate (d = 0.49, p < 0.001; 95% CI = 0.33, 0.66), with the magnitude of effect varying depending on wellbeing dimension. Wellbeing was greater in PA in the NOE subgroup (d = 0.53) when compared with the indoor subgroup (d = 0.28), albeit not statistically significant (p = 0.15). Although physical activity in the NOE was associated with higher wellbeing, there is limited evidence to support that it confers superior benefits to that engaged indoors. Researchers are encouraged to include study designs that measure markers of wellbeing at multiple time points, greater consideration to diverse wellbeing dimensions and justify decisions linked to PA and NOE types.
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Tang H, Ouyang J, Liu S, Xiong Y, Wu Y, Wang L, Wang C, Yan X, Shen Y, Chen H. Population structure of 3907 worldwide pigs and the introgression of Chinese indigenous pigs by European pigs. Anim Genet 2022; 53:599-612. [PMID: 35735069 DOI: 10.1111/age.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the improvement in sequencing technology and the decrease in sequencing cost, increasing amounts of genomic data for pigs have been uploaded to public databases. However, no researchers have to date integrated all currently available data to uncover the global genetic status of pigs. Meanwhile, little is known about the introgression from European to Chinese pigs and its underlying influences. Therefore, we integrated the effective genotype data of 3907 pigs from 193 populations worldwide using population genetic analysis, gene flow analysis and a sharing-IBD study. These findings illustrate not only the population structure of 59 Chinese native breeds and others but also the amounts of gene flow and introgression that have occurred between Western and Chinese pigs. In addition, we demonstrate the presence of introgressed European haplotypes in Chinese indigenous breeds and identify relevant introgressed regions that contain genes associated with growth and feed efficiency. Moreover, we compare the introgression patterns of Western and Chinese pigs and further discuss possible explanations for why the level of introgression differs between Chinese pig breeds and Western modern breeds. Collectively, this study provides a fine global population structure analysis of pigs and presents evidence of European pigs being interbred with local breeds in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Tang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanpeng Xiong
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongfei Wu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Luping Wang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xueming Yan
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yangyang Shen
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Mullenbach
- Department of Geography & Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Betsy Breyer
- Department of Geography Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Bethany B. Cutts
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
- Center for Geospatial Analytics North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Louie Rivers
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - Lincoln R. Larson
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
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Beaumont SN, Ehlers Smith DA, Ehlers Smith YC, Downs CT. The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Detection of Gamebirds by Pointing Dogs in the KwaZulu-Natal Midland Grasslands of South Africa. African Journal of Wildlife Research 2022. [DOI: 10.3957/056.052.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart N. Beaumont
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - David A. Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - Yvette C. Ehlers Smith
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - Colleen T. Downs
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
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Duarte B, Fonseca VF, Reis-santos P, Caçador I. Bioinvasion by Spartina patens alters sediment biogeochemical functioning of European salt marshes. Biol Invasions. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Miller JD, Ackerman MS, Laspra B, Polino C, Huffaker JS. Public attitude toward Covid-19 vaccination: The influence of education, partisanship, biological literacy, and coronavirus understanding. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22382. [PMID: 35657606 PMCID: PMC9328288 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Covid‐19 pandemic posed new issues about vaccination and contagious diseases that had not been the focus of public policy debate in the United States since the tuberculosis pandemic of the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Using a national address‐based probability sample of American adults in 2020 and a structural equation model, this analysis seeks to understand the role of education, age, gender, race, education, partisanship, religious fundamentalism, biological literacy, and understanding of the coronavirus to predict individual intention concerning taking the Covid‐19 vaccine. Given the substantial changes in the United States since the tuberculosis pandemic, it is important to understand the factors that drive acceptance and hesitancy about Covid‐19 vaccination. We find that education, biological literacy, and understanding of the coronavirus were strong positive predictors of willingness to be vaccinated and religious fundamentalism and conservative partisanship were strong negative predictors of intent to vaccinate. These results should be encouraging to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Miller
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark S Ackerman
- School of Information and College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Belén Laspra
- Department of Philosophy, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Carmelo Polino
- Department of Philosophy, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Centro Redes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jordan S Huffaker
- College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Sorea D, Csesznek C, Rățulea GG. The Culture-Centered Development Potential of Communities in Făgăraș Land (Romania). Land 2022; 11:837. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Făgăraș Land (Romania) is a very old administrative formation with its own identity, preserved from the beginning of the Middle Ages. The mapping of the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) highlighted the groups of caroling lads as the main strategic heritage resource, but also the existence of many other ICH resources that can be exploited towards the sustainable development of the area. These include local soups, an ICH gastronomic resource that can help build the area’s tourism brand. All resources, together with the peculiarities of the local medieval history, the memory of the anti-communist resistance in the Făgăraș Mountains and the religious pilgrimage to the local Orthodox monasteries, support the configuration of Făgăraș Land as a multidimensional associative cultural landscape. The content analysis of the information on ICH available on the official websites of the administrative territorial units (ATUs), correlated with the data from the interviews with local leaders, highlighted the types of local narratives regarding the capitalization of cultural resources and the openness to culture-centered community-based development, namely glocal, dynamic local and static local visions. The unitary and integrated approach of tourist resources, tourism social entrepreneurship, support from the local commons and a better management of the local cultural potential are ways to capitalize on belonging to the Făgăraș Land cultural landscape, towards sustainable community development of the area.
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