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Nascimento LBDS, Casanova LM, Costa SS. Bioactive Compounds from Kalanchoe Genus Potentially Useful for the Development of New Drugs. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:646. [PMID: 36983802 PMCID: PMC10058616 DOI: 10.3390/life13030646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Kalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae) is native to Madagascar and comprises 145 species, being naturalized in the tropics and cultivated worldwide. In addition to having ornamental value, several Kalanchoe species are commonly used in popular medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, wounds, gastric ulcers, and other diseases. The great importance of the genus is reflected on its acknowledgment by traditional and alternative health systems and organizations, as well as on the growing number of papers reporting pharmacological properties of extracts and isolated compounds from Kalanchoe. Among these properties, we highlight anti-inflammatory, antitumor, wound healing, antiulcer, and muscle relaxing properties. These activities are attributed mostly to flavonoids and bufadienolides, the main secondary metabolites reported in Kalanchoe extracts. While bufadienolides are generally related to cytotoxic and muscle relaxing activities, flavonoids are commonly reported as anti-inflammatory and wound healing agents. This review provides up to date information and perspectives on bioactive compounds from the Kalanchoe genus that are potentially useful for the development of new drugs. It includes not only a discussion on the advantages of the Kalanchoe species as source of bioactive compounds, but also the gaps, opportunities, and challenges to translate the acquired knowledge into innovation for drug development.
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Yu X, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhou Y, Yao Q, Wu C. 3D-Printing of succulent plant-like scaffolds with beneficial cell microenvironments for bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2023. [PMID: 36779236 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic materials with complicated structures inspired by natural plants play a critical role in tissue engineering. The succulent plants, with complicated morphologies, show tenacious vitality in extreme conditions due to the physiological functions endowed by their unique anatomical structures. Herein, inspired by the macroscopic structure of succulent plants, succulent plant-like bioceramic scaffolds were fabricated via digital laser processing 3D printing of MgSiO3. Compared with conventional scaffolds with interlaced columns, the structures could prevent cells from leaking from the scaffolds and enhance cell adhesion. The scaffold morphology could be well regulated by changing leaf sizes, shapes, and interlacing methods. The succulent plant-like scaffolds show excellent properties for cell loading as well as cell distribution, promoting cellular interplay, and further enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. The in vivo study further illustrated that the succulent plant-like scaffolds could accelerate bone regeneration by inducing the formation of new bone tissues. The study suggests that the obtained succulent plant-like scaffold featuring the plant macroscopic structure is a promising biomaterial for regulating cell distribution, enhancing cellular interactions, and further improving bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Zikang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Yanling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China.
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Pérez Medina KL, Torres-Pratts H, Maldonado Ramírez SL. Are Gasteromycetes Silent Helpers in Habitat Conservation? CARIBB J SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v53i1.a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiara L. Pérez Medina
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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Saniewski M, Szablińska-Piernik J, Marasek-Ciołakowska A, Mitrus J, Góraj-Koniarska J, Lahuta LB, Wiczkowski W, Miyamoto K, Ueda J, Horbowicz M. Accumulation of Anthocyanins in Detached Leaves of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana: Relevance to the Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on This Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010626. [PMID: 36614068 PMCID: PMC9820172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of anthocyanins in detached leaves and in excised stems of Kalanchoë blossfeldiana kept under natural light conditions in the presence or absence of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was investigated. When the abaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the adaxial surface (the normal or natural position) under natural light conditions, anthocyanins were not accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves. In contrast, when the adaxial surface of detached leaves was held lower than the abaxial surface (inverted position), anthocyanins were highly accumulated on the abaxial side of the leaves. These phenomena were independent of the growth stage of K. blossfeldiana as well as photoperiod. Application of JA-Me in lanolin paste significantly inhibited anthocyanin accumulation induced on the abaxial side of detached leaves held in an inverted position in a dose-dependent manner. Anthocyanin accumulation in the excised stem in response to natural light was also significantly inhibited by JA-Me in lanolin paste. Possible mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation on the abaxial side of detached K. blossfeldiana leaves held in an inverted position under natural light conditions and the inhibitory effect of JA-Me on this process are described. The accompanying changes in the content of primary metabolites and histological analyses were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Saniewski
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Mitrus
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Justyna Góraj-Koniarska
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Lesław B. Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kensuke Miyamoto
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Global Education, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Ueda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marcin Horbowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.H.)
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Poveda-Martínez D, Salinas NA, Aguirre MB, Sánchez-Restrepo AF, Hight S, Díaz-Soltero H, Logarzo G, Hasson E. Genomic and ecological evidence shed light on the recent demographic history of two related invasive insects. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19629. [PMID: 36385480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypogeococcus pungens is a species complex native to southern South America that is composed of at least five putative species, each one specialized in the use of different host plants. Two of these undescribed species were registered as invasive in Central and North America: Hyp-C is a cactophagous mealybug that became an important pest that threatens endemic cactus species in Puerto Rico, and Hyp-AP feeds on Amaranthaceae and Portulacaceae hosts, but does not produce severe damage to the host plants. We quantified genomic variation and investigated the demographic history of both invasive species by means of coalescent-based simulations using high throughput sequencing data. We also evaluated the incidence of host plant infestation produced by both species and used an ecological niche modeling approach to assess potential distribution under current and future climatic scenarios. Our genetic survey evinced the footprints of strong effective population size reduction and signals of genetic differentiation among populations within each species. Incidence of plant attacks varied between species and among populations within species, with some host plant species preferred over others. Ecological niche modeling suggested that under future climatic scenarios both species would expand their distribution ranges in Puerto Rico. These results provide valuable information for the design of efficient management and control strategies of the Puerto Rican cactus pest and shed light on the evolutionary pathways of biological invasions.
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Gdaniec A, Hoxey P, Ackerman JD, Culham A. A New Miniature Melocactus (Cactaceae) from Puerto Rico. CARIBB J SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v52i2.a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gdaniec
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, U. K
| | | | - James D. Ackerman
- Herbarium, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, U. S. A
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Yang Y, Wu JJ, Xia J, Wan Y, Xu JF, Zhang L, Liu D, Chen L, Tang F, Ao H, Peng C. Can aloin develop to medicines or healthcare products? Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Rache-Cardenal LY, Albesiano-Hoyos AS, Tall H. Optimization of a DNA extraction method using Subepidermis from Austrocylindropuntia and Opuntia-Opuntioideae. rev investig desarro innov 2022. [DOI: 10.19053/20278306.v12.n2.2022.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic identification of species through analysis of the variation of orthologous DNA sequences, complement the information obtained with morphological characters. Cytogenetic studies indicate that polyploid taxa occur in the subfamily Opuntioideae, Opuntia ficus-indica, contributing to morphological variability in the individuals of a population, and influencing the correct identification of species. However, the lengths of the sequences in Opuntioideae are affected by the extraction of pure DNA. Different extraction methods were evaluated and modified, and a procedure was established to obtain good quality DNA, free of inhibitors for gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction. The ratio A260/A280 and A260/A230 ranged from 1.6 to 2.1, revealing absence of contamination with the modified protocol for DNA extraction from cotton leaves. This method is inexpensive compared to those of commercial manufacturers and, therefore, can be applied in studies with limited resources.
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9
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Zhao Q. Thermodynamic principles for system biology and the patterns of flower pigmentation. Theory Biosci 2022; 141:273-278. [PMID: 35857270 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-022-00372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic principles for system biology are reviewed and formulated, and then basic patterns of flower pigmentation are interpreted. Main thoughts: (1) any biological trait (color or function of a cell) is logically related to a thermodynamic system (or physiological system, signaling network of the cell), (2) the striped, speckled and circle are three basic patterns of flower pigmentation, the development of flowers is an irreversible process, (3) the patterns of flower pigmentation are formed in flower development, (4) the flower cells can change its color in a period of development and this process is controlled thermodynamically, (5) there is giant space of physiology within an organism and within its numerous thermal states can appear under different conditions. In this theory, the dominant inheritance means that a gene contributes great to the thermodynamic stability of a trait related system; different genes can be interacted or integrated thermodynamically according to their contribution to the stability of its related system. By combination of Turing theory and our views, complex patterns of pigmentation could be explained theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Zhao
- Medical Institute, CRRC, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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10
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De Panis D, Dopazo H, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Conesa A, Hasson E. Transcriptional responses are oriented towards different components of the rearing environment in two Drosophila sibling species. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:515. [PMID: 35840900 PMCID: PMC9288027 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chance to compare patterns of differential gene expression in related ecologically distinct species can be particularly fruitful to investigate the genetics of adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. In this regard, a powerful technique such as RNA-Seq applied to ecologically amenable taxa allows to address issues that are not possible in classic model species. Here, we study gene expression profiles and larval performance of the cactophilic siblings Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae reared in media that approximate natural conditions and evaluate both chemical and nutritional components of the diet. These closely related species are complementary in terms of host-plant use since the primary host of one is the secondary of the other. D. koepferae is mainly a columnar cactus dweller while D. buzzatii prefers Opuntia hosts. Results Our comparative study shows that D. buzzatii and D. koepferae have different transcriptional strategies to face the challenges posed by their natural resources. The former has greater transcriptional plasticity, and its response is mainly modulated by alkaloids of its secondary host, while the latter has a more canalized genetic response, and its transcriptional plasticity is associated with the cactus species. Conclusions Our study unveils a complex pleiotropic genetic landscape in both species, with functional links that relate detox responses and redox mechanisms with developmental and neurobiological processes. These results contribute to deepen our understanding of the role of host plant shifts and natural stress driving ecological specialization. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08745-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Panis
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Dopazo
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Bongcam-Rudloff
- SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Conesa
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - E Hasson
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Vargas A, Herrera I, Nualart N, Guézou A, Gómez-bellver C, Freire E, Jaramillo Díaz P, López-pujol J. The Genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in Ecuador: From Gardens to the Wild. Plants 2022; 11:1746. [PMID: 35807700 PMCID: PMC9269312 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Kalanchoe, mostly indigenous from Madagascar and Tropical Africa, is widely traded for ornamental value. In this study, we provided an updated list of wild and cultivated Kalanchoe taxa in Ecuador; we analyzed the temporal–spatial pattern of their records, and we categorized the invasion status for each taxon and its environment preferences. The records of any taxa belonging to this genus were compiled from an extensive search using various information sources. Our results confirmed the presence of 16 taxa of Kalanchoe in the country. Seven species and a hybrid were detected in the wild. Kalanchoe densiflora, K. laxiflora, K. pinnata, K. tubiflora, and K. ×houghtonii were categorized as invasive. We detected invasive records of some of these plants in protected areas. Almost all taxa had at least one record as cultivated, suggesting that the invasion pathway is ornamental trade. Kalanchoe pinnata individuals in the wild were recorded in the four biogeographic regions of Ecuador, which could be associated with the wide range of precipitations and temperatures in which the species may dwell. Our study highlights the importance of reducing the ornamental value and limiting the use of Kalanchoe taxa with invasive potential in horticulture and promoting, instead, the use of indigenous species.
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Jácome-blásquez F, Ooi JP, Zeef L, Kim M. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Kalanchoë Species during Plantlet Formation. Plants 2022; 11:1643. [PMID: 35807595 PMCID: PMC9268976 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Few species in the Kalanchoë genus form plantlets on their leaf margins as an asexual reproduction strategy. The limited molecular studies on plantlet formation show that an organogenesis ortholog, SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and embryogenesis genes, such as LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) and FUSCA3 are recruited during plantlet formation. To understand the mechanisms of two Kalanchoë plantlet-forming species with different modes of plantlet formation, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed. Differentially expressed genes between the developmental stages were clustered in K. daigremontiana (Raym.-Hamet and H. Perrier) and K. pinnata (Lam. Pers.), respectively. Of these gene clusters, GO terms that may be involved in plantlet formation of both species, such as signaling, response to wounding, reproduction, regulation of hormone level, and response to karrikin were overrepresented. Compared with the common GO terms, there were more unique GO terms overrepresented during the plantlet formation of each species. A more in-depth investigation is required to understand how these pathways are participating in plantlet formation. Nonetheless, this transcriptome analysis is presented as a reliable basis for future studies on plantlet formation and development in two Kalanchoë plantlet-forming species.
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Farshori NN, Siddiqui MA, Al-oqail MM, Al-sheddi ES, Al-massarani SM, Saquib Q, Ahmad J, Al-khedhairy AA. Aloe vera-induced apoptotic cell death through ROS generation, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage in human breast cancer cells. Biologia (Bratisl). [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Arévalo-rodrigues G, Hurbath F, Prado E, Galvão I, Cordeiro I, Demarco D. Adnate Leaf-Base and the Origin of Ribs in Succulent Stems of Euphorbia L. Plants 2022; 11:1076. [PMID: 35448804 PMCID: PMC9027645 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem succulence evolved independently in many plant lineages as an adaptation to arid environments. One of the most interesting cases is the convergence between Cactaceae and Euphorbia, which have anatomical adaptations mostly to increase photosynthetic capability and water storage. Our goal was to describe the shoot development in two succulent species of Euphorbia using light microscopy coupled with high-resolution X-ray-computed tomography. Collateral cortical bundles were observed associated with the stem ribs in both species. The analysis of vasculature demonstrated that these bundles are, in fact, leaf traces that run axially along a portion of the internode. That structural pattern is due to an ontogenetic alteration. During shoot development, the leaf-bases remain adnate to the stem near the SAM, forming an axial component. When the internode elongates, the leaf bundles stretch as cortical bundles. The meristematic activity associated with the bundles forms the stem ribs, as leaf veins near the node, and induce rib formation along the entire internode even in the portion where the leaf traces join the stele. In addition, heterochronic shifts are also involved in the evolution of the shoot system in these Euphorbia, being related to early deciduous reduced leaves and the transference of the main photosynthetic function to the stem. This study demonstrates for the first time the influence of leaf developmental shifts and stem rib formation in Euphorbia and sheds new light on the evolution of stem succulence.
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Majeed S, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Zafar S, Ghufran A, Ayoub M, Sultana S, Yaseen G, Raza J, Nabila. Morpho-palynological and anatomical studies in desert cacti (Opuntia dillenii and Opuntia monacantha) using light and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2801-2812. [PMID: 35411979 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia is the most diverse and widely distributed drought resistant promising genus of family Cactaceae. The cladodes were utilized to quantify the chemical composition of these plants helpful in lignocellulose conversion and their application towards biofuel production. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the taxonomic relationship based on morphology, stem anatomy and palynology of important desert cacti including Opuntia dillenii and Opuntia monacantha. This study also evaluates the potential usefulness of morphological, anatomical and pollen traits using light and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained microcharacters of stem and flowers are considered diagnostic at the generic and specific levels. Some distinguishing morphological features observed were elliptical to obovate cladodes, 1-7 spines per areole and presence of glochidia in O. dillenii. Pollen and stem anatomical characters of the studied taxa are considered highly diagnostic at the generic and species levels. The epidermis has irregular and wavy cells, with straight to sinuate wall pattern and paracytic stomata. Pollen grains appear as pantoporate and prolate spheroidal having reticulate to perforate-reticulate sculpturing while exine semi-tectate to tectate. The taxonomic features studied could be valuable to elaborate and helpful in correctly identification of Opuntia species. The methods of diverse microscopic examination also providing sufficient evidence about the taxonomy of the Opuntia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Majeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ghufran
- Department of Environmental Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ayoub
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Self-Sustainable Buildin, University Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, Township Campus, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Raza
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabila
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Franco FF, Amaral DT, Bonatelli IAS, Romeiro-brito M, Telhe MC, Moraes EM. Evolutionary Genetics of Cacti: Research Biases, Advances and Prospects. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:452. [PMID: 35328006 PMCID: PMC8952820 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a review of the studies of evolutionary genetics (phylogenetics, population genetics, and phylogeography) using genetic data as well as genome scale assemblies in Cactaceae (Caryophyllales, Angiosperms), a major lineage of succulent plants with astonishing diversity on the American continent. To this end, we performed a literature survey (1992–2021) to obtain detailed information regarding key aspects of studies investigating cactus evolution. Specifically, we summarize the advances in the following aspects: molecular markers, species delimitation, phylogenetics, hybridization, biogeography, and genome assemblies. In brief, we observed substantial growth in the studies conducted with molecular markers in the past two decades. However, we found biases in taxonomic/geographic sampling and the use of traditional markers and statistical approaches. We discuss some methodological and social challenges for engaging the cactus community in genomic research. We also stressed the importance of integrative approaches, coalescent methods, and international collaboration to advance the understanding of cactus evolution.
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Ouhaddou S, Aghraz A, Ben Bakrim W, Sissi S, Larhsini M, Markouk M, Bekkouche K, Arrigo S, Cicero N, Costa R, Vadalà R. Analysis of Volatiles in Senecio anteuphorbium Essential Oil with a Focus on Its Allelopathic Effect by Means of Gas Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2022; 9:36. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate Senecio anteuphorbium, an endemic plant growing in West Morocco and widely used in local folk medicine. The essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial parts was analyzed by gas chromatography and tested for allelopathic activity. The quantitation of the volatiles was carried out by means of GC-FID with response factors, which were validated through reliable calibration procedures, based on external and internal standardization. This analytical approach allowed to define the real concentration of each constituent (weight%, g/100 g) alongside the conventional relative percent. On the other hand, the identification process was supported by a dual matching based on both mass spectra and retention indices. The essential oil resulted in being rich in sesquiterpenes, with the predominant constituents being bicyclogermacrene (22.75 g/100 g), spathulenol (25.26 g/100 g), epi-γ-eudesmol (6.8 g/100 g), and selina-4,11-diene (5.08 g/100 g). The allelopathic effect was evaluated by studying the inhibition of the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. A potent allelopathic effect was recorded by the essential oil at a dose of 0.281 mg/mL, with almost a total inhibition of germination.
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Lee Y, Chang J. Development of an Improved Micropropagation Protocol for Red-Fleshed Pitaya ‘Da Hong’ with and without Activated Charcoal and Plant Growth Regulator Combinations. Horticulturae 2022; 8:104. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Micropropagation protocols for red-fleshed Hylocereus species (Cactaceae) have been developed; however, these methods prolong the sprout duration from areoles and produce irregular micro-propagules in ‘Da Hong’ pitaya. Thus, the present study aimed to establish an improved micropropagation protocol for this cultivar. Shoot regeneration and root induction of self-pollinating seedling segments were evaluated in response to combinations of activated charcoal (AC; 200 mg/L), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/L), and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 mg/L). The correlations among plantlet growth characteristics and plantlet survival rate after transplantation under field conditions were calculated. Increasing the NAA concentration increased the number of roots but reduced root length. The addition of AC enhanced shoot length and prevented the regeneration of dried-out, clustered, and abnormal shoots. Plantlets treated with 200 mg/L AC and 0.10 mg/L NAA produced the highest number of shoots, i.e., 4.1 shoots, which however, were shorter and lighter than those cultured with AC alone. Plantlets grown on medium supplemented with BAP showed no advantage in shoot number, shoot weight, plantlet surface area, or plantlet volume. The weight and shoot surface area of plantlets were strongly correlated. All plantlets grew well at 4 weeks post-transplantation. Overall, these results support this improved micropropagation method to regenerate robust ex vitro plantlets.
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Dorchin N, van Munster S, Klak C, Bowie RCK, Colville JF. Hidden Diversity—A New Speciose Gall Midge Genus (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Associated with Succulent Aizoaceae in South Africa. Insects 2022; 13:75. [PMID: 35055918 PMCID: PMC8781207 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Succulent Aizoaceae (often called “mesembs” or ice plants) form a dominant component of the Succulent Karoo in southern Africa, constituting one of the most species-rich families within the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR). Despite the diversity and abundance of these plants, the diversity of insects specialized on them has never been surveyed methodically prior to this study. In a three-year study of the galling insects associated with succulent Aizoaceae in South Africa, we found that they support a rich community of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), virtually all of which are new to science. This is not surprising, given that knowledge of the Afrotropical fauna of gall midges is scarce, with most species described in the 1900s. Here, we describe the new genus Ruschiola with ten species from succulent Aizoaceae in Namaqualand, the Knersvlakte and the Cedarberg regions of South Africa based on morphological, molecular and life history data. The genetic data were particularly important in this study for differentiating taxa, given that Ruschiola species are very similar morphologically. Members of this genus develop in leaf galls or in plant tissues without visible gall formation, and are highly host specific. Abstract Aizoaceae (Caryophyllales) constitute one of the major floral components of the unique Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR), with more than 1700 species and 70% endemism. Within succulent Aizoaceae, the subfamily Ruschioideae is the most speciose and rapidly diversifying clade, offering potential niches for the diversification of specialized herbivorous insects. Nevertheless, insect diversity on these plants has not been studied to date, and knowledge of gall-inducing insects in the Afrotropics is generally scarce. Our recent observations indicate that succulent Aizoaceae in the GCFR support a rich and largely unstudied community of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Here, we provide a first report of their diversity with a description of a new genus, Ruschiola Dorchin, and ten new species, based on morphological and molecular analyses of material collected during a three-year targeted survey across major GCFR vegetation types. A high degree of morphological uniformity in Ruschiola suggests recent diversification and necessitated the use of molecular data and laboratory rearing from host plants to verify species boundaries and host ranges.
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Tenorio-Escandón P, Ramírez-Hernández A, Flores J, Juan-Vicedo J, Martínez-Falcón AP. A Systematic Review on Opuntia (Cactaceae; Opuntioideae) Flower-Visiting Insects in the World with Emphasis on Mexico: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation. Plants 2022; 11:plants11010131. [PMID: 35009134 PMCID: PMC8747471 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia spp. are cacti with high ecological, economic and conservation interest in semiarid environments, particularly in Mexico. We conducted a systematic search of the existing peer-reviewed literature about the state of knowledge of pollination ecology on these plants. We documented the most studied Opuntia species worldwide with an emphasis on Mexico. We found that only 15% of Opuntia species described have been investigated so far, and studies were mainly focused on comprehension of the biology of a single species. Despite the economic and cultural importance of Opuntia, there is a significant lack of knowledge about the flower-visiting insects and their taxonomic identity. We provide a checklist of the insect species associated with Opuntia spp. Through a circular network, we visualize the complex Opuntia flower-visiting insect relationship, and we detected a set of key species constituting the generalist core of the networks constructed. Since pollination is crucial for crop production, a better understanding of ecological interactions would inform management measures to strengthen biodiversity and agriculture sustainability as well as productivity in arid and marginal lands. Further research on pollination ecology is needed to improve the conservation status of the insects associated with Opuntia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Tenorio-Escandón
- CONACYT/IPICYT—División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Colonia Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico; (P.T.-E.); (J.F.)
| | - Alfredo Ramírez-Hernández
- CONACYT/IPICYT—División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Colonia Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico; (P.T.-E.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(444)-8342000 (ext. 7312)
| | - Joel Flores
- CONACYT/IPICYT—División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Colonia Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico; (P.T.-E.); (J.F.)
| | - Jorge Juan-Vicedo
- Instituto de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Ciencia Marina IMEDMAR, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Calle Guillem de Castro, 94, ‘San Vicente Mártir’, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ana Paola Martínez-Falcón
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Mexico;
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Abstract
Abstract The Central Mountain Region of Espírito Santo state is located in the Atlantic Forest domain in eastern Brazil, which is the third largest center of diversity and endemism for Cactaceae. The state has 42 native species and 13 genera of this family. The aim of this study was to conduct a floristic-taxonomic study of Cactaceae in the Central Mountain Region of Espírito Santo, an area of extreme priority for conservation of Atlantic Forest biodiversity. Field trips were carried out between November 2013 and February 2016, with some additional collections and herbarium specimens were assessed. Twenty-two native species of Cactaceae were recorded for the region, which belong to the genera Coleocephalocereus (2), Epiphyllum (1), Hatiora (2), Lepismium (2), Pereskia (1), Rhipsalis (12), Schlumbergera (1) and Selenicereus (1). Of these species, 18 are epiphytes, 12 are rupicolous and 2 are climbers, some of them exhibiting more than one life-form. Two species are endemic to the state and eleven are assessed as threatened species regionally. This study contributes to improve what is known about Cactaceae in Espírito Santo state.
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González VV, Gorostiague P, Ortega-Baes P, Galati BG, Ferrucci MS. Nectary structure is not related to pollination system in Trichocereeae cactus from Northwest Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201401. [PMID: 34909820 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral nectaries are essential for plant reproduction but little is known about the relationship between these secretory structures and pollination system in cacti. To test phenotypic patterns in nectaries associated with pollination syndromes and/or with its pollinators, we selected from evolutionarily related genera Cleistocactus, Denmoza, and Echinopsis, a set of species with bird-pollinated flowers and floral traits that may fit with ornithophily or with sphingophily, and other set of sphingophilous species with moths as effective pollinator. Observations were made under light microscope and scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Nectaries are located at the base of the filaments welded to the tube, forming a chamber. The nectary consists of the epidermis with distinctive features in each genus, a secretory parenchyma which may be vascularized and a non-secretory vascularized parenchyma. Anatomical variants observed in nectaries of different species are not consistent with the floral pollination syndromes neither with groups of pollinators. The basic structure of the nectar chamber is relatively conserved, a fact that may be explained by phylogenetic conservatism among the genera investigated. Our results revalue the role of anatomical traits for the systematics of Cactaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria V González
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste/CONICET, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131, W3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Pablo Gorostiague
- Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO), Av. Bolivia 5150, A4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ortega-Baes
- Universidad Nacional de Salta/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas (LABIBO), Av. Bolivia 5150, A4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Beatriz G Galati
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Botánica General, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Ferrucci
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste/CONICET, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131, W3402BKG, Corrientes, Argentina
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Santos‐Gómez SM, Figueroa‐Castro DM, Castañeda‐Posadas C. Are floral traits good predictors of effective pollinators? A test of pollination syndromes. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Maite Santos‐Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico
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Palomino G, Martínez-Ramón J, Cepeda-Cornejo V, Ladd-Otero M, Romero P, Reyes-Santiago J. Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of Echeveria (Crassulaceae). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121950. [PMID: 34946899 PMCID: PMC8701335 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Echeveria is a polyploid genus with a wide diversity of species and morphologies. The number of species registered for Echeveria is approximately 170; many of them are native to Mexico. This genus is of special interest in cytogenetic research because it has a variety of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. Additionally, there are no studies concerning nuclear DNA content and the extent of endopolyploidy. This work aims to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of 23 species of Echeveria collected in 9 states of Mexico, analyzing 2n chromosome numbers, ploidy level, nuclear DNA content, and endopolyploidy levels. Chromosome numbers were obtained from root tips. DNA content was obtained from the leaf parenchyma, which was processed according to the two-step protocol with Otto solutions and propidium iodide as fluorochrome, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. From the 23 species of Echeveria analyzed, 16 species lacked previous reports of 2n chromosome numbers. The 2n chromosome numbers found and analyzed in this research for Echeveria species ranged from 24 to 270. The range of 2C nuclear DNA amounts ranged from 1.26 pg in E. catorce to 7.70 pg in E. roseiflora, while the 1C values were 616 Mbp and 753 Mbp, respectively, for the same species. However, differences in the level of endopolyploidy nuclei were found, corresponding to 4 endocycles (8C, 16C, 32C and 64C) in E. olivacea, E. catorce, E. juarezensis and E. perezcalixii. In contrast, E. longiflora presented 3 endocycles (8C, 16C and 32C) and E. roseiflora presented 2 endocycles (8C and 16C). It has been suggested that polyploidization and diploidization processes, together with the presence of endopolyploidy, allowed Echeveria species to adapt and colonize new adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Palomino
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (J.M.-R.); (M.L.-O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Javier Martínez-Ramón
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (J.M.-R.); (M.L.-O.)
| | - Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular y de Cultivos, EMA6, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Miriam Ladd-Otero
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (J.M.-R.); (M.L.-O.)
| | - Patricia Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Jerónimo Reyes-Santiago
- Laboratorio de Sistemática Filogenética y Taxonomía Integrativa, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
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Martín-gómez JJ, del Pozo DG, Tocino Á, Cervantes E. Geometric Models for Seed Shape Description and Quantification in the Cactaceae. Plants 2021; 10:2546. [PMID: 34834909 PMCID: PMC8620750 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seed shape in species of the Cactaceae is described by comparison with geometric models. Three new groups of models are presented, two for symmetric seeds, and a third group for asymmetric seeds. The first two groups correspond, respectively, to superellipses and the combined equations of two semi-ellipses. The third group contains models derived from the representation of polar equations of Archimedean spirals that define the shape of asymmetric seeds in genera of different subfamilies. Some of the new models are geometric curves, while others are composed with a part resulting from the average silhouettes of seeds. The application of models to seed shape quantification permits the analysis of variation in seed populations, as well as the comparison of shape between species. The embryos of the Cactaceae are of the peripheral type, strongly curved and in contact with the inner surface of the seed coat. A relationship is found between seed elongation and the models, in which the genera with elongated seeds are represented by models with longer trajectories of the spiral. The analysis of seed shape opens new opportunities for taxonomy and allows quantification of seed shape in species of the Cactaceae.
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Köhler M, Oakley LJ, Font F, Peñas MLL, Majure LC. On the continuum of evolution: a putative new hybrid speciation event in Opuntia (Cactaceae) between a native and an introduced species in southern South America. SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1967510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Köhler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS), Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luis J. Oakley
- Cátedra de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Red List Authority Coordinator for the Temperate South American Plant Specialist Groups – International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland
| | - Fabián Font
- Herbario Museo de Farmacobotánica “Juan A. Domínguez” (BAF), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Laura Las Peñas
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Facultas de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba – CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucas C. Majure
- University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS), Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Hoang HT, Van Tran V, Bui VKH, Kwon OH, Moon JY, Lee YC. Novel moisturized and antimicrobial hand gel based on zinc-aminoclay and Opuntia humifusa extract. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17821. [PMID: 34497316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The high antimicrobial ability and low toxicity of zinc-aminoclay (ZnAC) are claimed in our previous reports. In this study, we formulate a novel hand gel based on ZnAC and Opuntia humifusa (O. humifusa) extract, which is a high moisturizing agent. The antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, moisturizing effect, and clinical skin irritation of the hand gel are evaluated. The hand gel with 0.5 wt.% ZnAC and 1.0 v/v% O. humifusa extract can kill more than 99% Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria) after 24 h. Toxicity evaluation shows that, the hand gel does not affect the viability of mammalian HaCaT cells. Additionally, skin moisture is increased by applying the hand gel while its viscosity is at the standard level of commercial products. The hand gel has a skin irritation index of 0.0 and is classified as a non-irritating product. We successfully formulated hand gel from ZnAC, glucomannan, glycerol, and O. humifusa extract. Owing to the high antimicrobial activity and skin protection of hand gels, they are suitable to be used as hand sanitizers in restaurants, hospitals, and homes effectively.
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Zupichiatti V, Zeballos SR, Whitworth‐Hulse JI, Gurvich DE. Survival and growth of cactus species after a wildfire in central Argentina: Differences among species and the effects of microenvironment characteristics. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zupichiatti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Sebastian R. Zeballos
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (FCEFyN, CONICET‐UNC) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC495 Córdoba CP5000 Argentina
| | - Juan I. Whitworth‐Hulse
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales – IMASL Universidad Nacional de San Luis & CONICET San Luis Argentina
| | - Diego E. Gurvich
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (FCEFyN, CONICET‐UNC) Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC495 Córdoba CP5000 Argentina
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Arroyo‐Cosultchi G, Golubov J, Mandujano MC, Salguero‐Gómez R, Martínez AJ. What are the demographic consequences of a seed bank stage for columnar cacti? POPUL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Arroyo‐Cosultchi
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco México Mexico
| | - Jordan Golubov
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco México Mexico
| | - María C. Mandujano
- Instituto de Ecología, Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Laboratorio de Genética y Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Mexico
| | - Roberto Salguero‐Gómez
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Demography Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Rostock Germany
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Rosas-Reinhold I, Piñeyro-Nelson A, Rosas U, Arias S. Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1134. [PMID: 34204904 PMCID: PMC8228900 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flowers are defined as short shoots that carry reproductive organs. In Cactaceae, this term acquires another meaning, since the flower is interpreted as a branch with a perianth at the tip, with all reproductive organs embedded within the branch, thus giving way to a structure that has been called a "flower shoot". These organs have long attracted the attention of botanists and cactologists; however, the understanding of the morphogenetic processes during the development of these structures is far from clear. In this review, we present and discuss some classic flower concepts used to define floral structures in Cactaceae in the context of current advances in flower developmental genetics and evolution. Finally, we propose several hypotheses to explain the origin of these floral shoot structures in cacti, and we suggest future research approaches and methods that could be used to fill the gaps in our knowledge regarding the ontogenetic origin of the "flower" in the cactus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaura Rosas-Reinhold
- Instituto de Biología, Jardín Botánico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico; (I.R.-R.); (U.R.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-153, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico
| | - Alma Piñeyro-Nelson
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico;
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P.04960, Mexico
| | - Ulises Rosas
- Instituto de Biología, Jardín Botánico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico; (I.R.-R.); (U.R.)
| | - Salvador Arias
- Instituto de Biología, Jardín Botánico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico; (I.R.-R.); (U.R.)
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Arianoutsou M, Bazos I, Christopoulou A, Kokkoris Y, Zikos A, Zervou S, Delipetrou P, Cardoso AC, Deriu I, Gervasini E, Tsiamis K. Alien plants of Europe: introduction pathways, gateways and time trends. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11270. [PMID: 34141463 PMCID: PMC8176916 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) pathways classification framework used in the implementation of the European Union’s (EU) Regulation 1143/2014 on invasive alien species (IAS Regulation) has recently been adopted by the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN), the official information system supporting the implementation of the IAS Regulation. In the current paper, the result of an alignment of the primary introduction pathways of all alien plants in Europe included in the EASIN catalogue is presented, based on the CBD framework. In total, 6,250 alien plant taxa (marine plants excluded), both alien to Europe (native range outside Europe) and alien in Europe (native range partially in Europe) are reported. Altogether 5,175 plant taxa had their primary introduction pathway aligned based on the CBD framework, while for the rest the pathway remains unknown. In addition, the taxonomy, year and country of its first record in the wild are provided for each taxon. Our analyses reveal that the main primary introduction pathways of alien plants into Europe are linked to accidental escapes from ornamental and horticultural activities. Northwestern European countries seem to act as the main gateway areas of alien plants into Europe. Recent first observations of new alien taxa growing spontaneously exhibit a contemporary accelerating trend for plants alien to Europe, particularly linked to ornamental and horticultural activities. On the other hand, the number of new plants alien in Europe seems to have stabilized over the last few decades. The present work can assist in the prioritization of introduction pathways control, with the target of slowing down the rate of alien plants introductions into Europe, following also the requirements of the IAS Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Arianoutsou
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bazos
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Christopoulou
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece.,Nicolaus Copernicus University, Institute for the Study, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Toruń, Poland
| | - Yannis Kokkoris
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Zikos
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Sevasti Zervou
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Athens, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Delipetrou
- Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Botany, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ivan Deriu
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
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Brock RE, Cini A, Sumner S. Ecosystem services provided by aculeate wasps. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1645-1675. [PMID: 33913243 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aculeate wasps are one of the most diverse and speciose insect taxa; they are omnipresent across ecosystems and exhibit diverse co-evolutionary and exploitative associations with other organisms. There is widespread conjecture that aculeate wasps are likely to perform essential ecological and economic services of importance to the health, well-being and nutritional needs of our planet. However, the scope and nature of the ecosystem services they provide are not well understood relative to other insect groups (e.g. bees, butterflies, beetles); an appreciation of their value is further tarnished by their public reputation as pointless pests. Here, we conduct the first comprehensive review of how aculeate wasps contribute to the four main areas of ecosystem services: regulatory, provisioning, supporting and cultural services. Uniting data from a large but previously disconnected literature on solitary and social aculeate wasps, we provide a synthesis on how these insects perform important ecosystem services as parasites, predators, biological indicators, pollinators, decomposers and seed dispersers; and their additional services as a sustainable alternative to meat for human consumption, and medicinal potential as sources of research leads for anti-microbials and cancer treatments. We highlight how aculeate wasps offer substantial, but largely overlooked, economic benefits through their roles in natural pest management and biological control programs. Accordingly, we provide data-driven arguments for reasons to consider the ecosystem service value of aculeate wasps on a par with other 'useful' insects (e.g. bees). Finally, we provide a research roadmap identifying the key areas of research required to capitalise better on the services provided by these important insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Brock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Alessandro Cini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.,Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London, Medawar Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Seirian Sumner
- Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, University College London, Medawar Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
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Rivera-Jiménez H, Maldonado-Ramírez SL. Changes in the Endophytic Fungal Community Associated with Pilosocereus royenii (Cactaceae) Infested by the Invasive Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). CARIBB J SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v51i1.a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Roca
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) and FCEFyN CórdobaCC 495, X5000HVAArgentina
| | - Pedro Jaureguiberry
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) and FCEFyN CórdobaCC 495, X5000HVAArgentina
| | - Diego E. Gurvich
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) and FCEFyN CórdobaCC 495, X5000HVAArgentina
- Cátedra de Biogeografía FCEFyN (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) Córdoba Argentina
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Abirami K, Swain S, Baskaran V, Venkatesan K, Sakthivel K, Bommayasamy N. Distinguishing three Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) species grown in Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India using morphological, biochemical and molecular traits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2894. [PMID: 33536453 PMCID: PMC7859243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.), an important tropical fruit belonging to the family Cactaceae, is rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, complex carbohydrates, dietary fibres and antioxidants. This study aims to distinguish three dragon fruit species well adapted to Andaman and Nicobar Island through morphological (34 quantitative and 26 qualitative traits), biochemical (5 traits) and molecular (14 ISSR primers) characterization. Morphological characterization revealed that presence of considerable amount of genetic variations among them especially for fruit characters viz., colour of peel and pulp. Cladode characters such as number of spines (3–5), length of areoles (mm) as 1–4, margin ribs of cladode (convex or concave) and its waxiness (weak or strong white waxy or light waxy) could be used for identification of three Hylocereus spp. under present study. Highest co-efficient of variation (%) obtained for pulp weight (88.7), whereas, lowest in distance of anthers belowstigma (3.3). Fruit and pulp weight (g) ranged from 26.5–419.3 and 10.3–258.8 with mean value of 204.8 and 125.3, respectively. Comparatively, high phenol (71.3–161.3) and flavonoid (26.6–508.2) content observed in peels than pulp (32.5–130.0 and 45.0–258.2) of fruit indicating higher antioxidant potential. Highest total carotenoids (µg 100 g−1), β-carotene (µg 100 g−1) and xanthophyll (µg g−1) content obtained in pulp on DGF3 (33.8), DGF4 (55.9) and DGF3 (32.7), whereas, in peel on DGF2 (24.3), DGF4 (18.5) and DGF2 (24.1), respectively. DPPH-based scavenging activity (%) revealed higher scavenging activity of peels (55.6–81.2) than pulp (36.0–75.3) extracts. Comparatively, ABTS-based scavenging activity (%) was found more than DPPH-based one. Sixteen ISSR primers screened, 14 were produced 178 reproducible amplified bands. Number of amplified bands varied from 5 in UBC887 to 19 in UBC811 with an average of 12.71 bands per primer. Range of polymorphic bands and % polymorphism observed were 1–13 and 20.0–92.8, respectively. The polymorphic information content value of ISSR marker ranged from 0.42 (UBC895) to 0.91 (UBC 856). Cluster analysis distinguished three different Hylocereus species on the basis of geographic origin and pulp colour by forming separate groups and two genotypes each showed 52% (DGF1 and DGF3) and 76% (DGF2 and DGF4) genetic similarity. Key traits identified for distinguishing three different Hylocereus species were: Pulp/ peel colour of fruits, number of spines and length of areoles in cladode. Genotypes with high carotenoid and xanthophylls content (DGF4 and DGF2) identified under present study may be of industrial importance for development of nutraceutical products to meet out the vitamin-A deficiency among humans in tropical regions needed future focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abirami
- ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744 101, India
| | - S Swain
- ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744 101, India
| | - V Baskaran
- ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744 101, India
| | - K Venkatesan
- ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744 101, India.
| | - K Sakthivel
- ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744 101, India
| | - N Bommayasamy
- ICAR- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744 101, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Taly Dawn Drezner
- Department of Geography N430 Ross, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
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Paixão VHF, Gomes VGN, Venticinque EM. Florivory by lizards on Tacinga inamoena (K.Schum.) N.P.Taylor & Stuppy (Cactaceae) in the Brazilian Caatinga. Biota Neotrop 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Florivory can alter plant reproductive success by damaging sexual reproductive structures and disrupting plant-pollinator interactions through decreased flower attractiveness. Here, we report new records of the cactus Tacinga inamoena flower consumption by the Tropidurus hispidus lizard in the Brazilian Caatinga. We monitored 53 flowers from 11 T. inamoena individuals with camera traps over a 1-year period, totalling 450 camera-days of sample effort. We detected four florivory events. In three of these events, flowers were entirely consumed or had their reproductive structures severely damaged, leading to no fruit formation. Florivory events occurred in the morning, right after anthesis, in flowers near the ground, and lizards did not climb the cactus. Our results suggest that T. hispidus florivory on T. inamoena could have a negative impact on fruit set, since the consumed flowers were entirely destroyed. However, the long-term effects of florivory by lizards on T. inamoena reproductive success in the Caatinga still needs to be elucidated.
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Abihudi SA, Venkataramana PB, de Boer HJ, Treydte AC. Species-specific responses of “Critically Endangered” and “Least Concern” Aloe seed germination to environmental conditions in Tanzania. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Caitano HDA, Dutra VF, Valadares RT, Calazans LSB. Reintroduction of illegally extracted Melocactus violaceus (Cactaceae) in Brazil. ORYX 2022; 56:155-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605320000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCactaceae is one of the most threatened plant families, in part as a result of the illegal extraction of plants for ornamental use. However, reports of the seizure and reintroduction of cacti are scarce and do not include species of Melocactus, the genus of Cactaceae in Brazil that has the highest number of threatened species. The coroa-de-frade Melocactus violaceus is endemic to Brazil and categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. We report the seizure of 37 individuals of coroa-de-frade extracted illegally from their natural habitat, the results of their reintroduction to Paulo César Vinha State Park, in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, and provide information for environmental monitoring agencies regarding how to proceed in seizure cases, with the goal of minimizing the impacts of this illegal practice on the species. After seizure, 25 individuals were cultivated in a greenhouse and 12 were reintroduced in restinga, the natural area of occurrence of the species. After 6 months, survival was 76% for those individuals cultivated in the greenhouse and 84% for those planted in restinga, showing that rapid reintroduction of species with ornamental appeal, preferentially in their natural habitat, can reduce the impacts of illegal extraction. This reintroduction protocol can be used by managers of conservation units, contributing to the maintenance of threatened cactus species in their natural habitat.
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Baskar K, Chinnasamy R, Pandy K, Venkatesan M, Sebastian PJ, Subban M, Thomas A, Kweka EJ, Devarajan N. Larvicidal and histopathology effect of endophytic fungal extracts of Aspergillus tamarii against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05331. [PMID: 33150212 PMCID: PMC7599128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquitoes biolarvicides remain the most important method for mosquito control. The previous studies have shown Aspergillus sp.-expressed larvicidal properties against mosquito species. The present study evaluated larvicidal and histopathological effect of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus tamarii isolated from theCactus stem (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill). Method The molecular identification of isolated A. tamarii was done by PCR amplification (5.8s rDNA) using a universal primer (ITS-1 and ITS-2). The secondary metabolites of A. tamarii was tested for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Larvicidal bioassay of different concentrations (- 100, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 μg/mL) isolated extracts were done according to the modified protocol. Each test included a set of control groups (i.e. DMSO and distilled water). The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were calculated by probit analysis. Experimental monitoring duration was 48 h. Results The ethyl acetate extract from A. tamarii fungus resulted - excellent mosquitocidal effect against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, with least LC50 and LC90 values. -After 48 h, the Ae. aegypti expressed better results (LC50 = 29.10, 18.69, 16.76, 36.78 μg/mL and the LC90 = 45.59, 27.66, 27.50, 54.00 μg/mL) followed by Cx. quinquefaciatus (LC50 = 3.23, 24.99, 11.24, 10.95 μg/mL and the LC90 = 8.37, 8.29, 21.36, 20.28 μg/mL). The biochemical level of A. tamarii mycelium extract on both larvae was measured and the results shown a dose dependent activity on the level of AchE, α- and β-carboxylesterase assay. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) profile of A. tamarii extract reflected three compounds i.e. preg-4-en-3-one, 17. α-hydroxy-17. β-cyano- (7.39%), trans-3-undecene-1,5-diyne (45.77%) and pentane, 1,1,1,5-tetrachloro- (32.16%) which which might had attributed to larvae mortality. Conclusion The findings of - present study shows that the use of endophytic A. tamarii fungal metabolites for control of dengue and filariasis vectors is promising and needs a semifield and small scale filed trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Baskar
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ragavendran Chinnasamy
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthika Pandy
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Biomedical Zebrafish Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Joy Sebastian
- Biomedical Zebrafish Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Subban
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adelina Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Eliningaya J Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Mosquito Section, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Natarajan Devarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lee M, Jung JY, Choi S, Seol I, Moon S, Hwang IK. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Assay for Genetic Identification of Lophophora williamsii. J Forensic Sci 2020; 65:2117-2120. [PMID: 32725909 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lophophora is a member of the Cactaceae family, which contains two species: Lophophora williamsii and L. diffusa. Lophophora williamsii is an illegal plant containing mescaline, a hallucinogenic alkaloid. In this study, a novel method based on a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay was developed for identifying L. williamsii; this assay reliably detects SNPs within chloroplast DNA (rbcL, matK, and trnL-trnF IGS) and was validated for identifying Lophophora and L. williamsii simultaneously. The chloroplast DNA sequences from four L. williamsii and three L. diffusa plants were obtained and compared using DNA sequence data from approximately 300 other Cactaceae species available in GenBank. From this sequence data, a total of seven SNPs were determined to be suitable for identifying L. williamsii. A multiplex assay was constructed using the ABI PRISM® SNaPshot™ Multiplex Kit (Applied Biosystems, Forster City, CA) to analyze species-specific SNPs. Using this multiplex assay, we clearly distinguished the Lophophora among 19 species in the Cactaceae family. Additionally, L. williamsii was distinguished from L. diffusa. These results suggest that the newly developed assay may help resolve crimes related to illegal distribution and use. This multiplex assay will be useful for the genetic identification of L. williamsii and can complement conventional methods of detecting mescaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Lee
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Jung
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Sungsoo Choi
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Ilung Seol
- Forensic Toxicology Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - Seohyun Moon
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
| | - In Kwan Hwang
- Forensic DNA Division, National Forensic Service, Wonju, 26460, Korea
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Das G, Lim KJ, Tantengco OAG, Carag HM, Gonçalves S, Romano A, Das SK, Coy-Barrera E, Shin HS, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Heredia JB, Patra JK. Cactus: Chemical, nutraceutical composition and potential bio-pharmacological properties. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1248-1283. [PMID: 33025610 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cactus species are plants that grow in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. They have long fascinated the attention of the scientific community due to their unusual biology. Cactus species are used for a variety of purposes, such as food, fodder, ornamental, and as medicinal plants. In the last regard, they have been used in traditional medicine for eras by the ancient people to cure several diseases. Recent scientific investigations suggest that cactus materials may be used as a source of naturally-occurring products, such as mucilage, fiber, pigments, and antioxidants. For this reason, numerous species under this family are becoming endangered and extinct. This review provides an overview of the habitat, classification, phytochemistry, chemical constituents, extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds, nutritional and pharmacological potential with pre-clinical and clinical studies of different Cactus species. Furthermore, conservation strategies for the ornamental and endangered species have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jik Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Harold M Carag
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Sandra Gonçalves
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Swagat Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Department of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Department of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Background:
Opuntia species, locally known as prickly pear was used for various purposes
as food, medicine, beverage, source of dye and animal food. Many studies have revealed its pharmacology
activity from time to time. This review is a collection of chemistry, pharmacognosy,
pharmacology and bioapplications of the cactus family.
Methods:
Many sources were used to collect information about Opuntia species such as Pub med,
Google scholar, Agris, science direct, Embase, Merk index, Wiley online library, books and other reliable
sources. This review contains studies from 1812 to 2019.
Results:
The plants from the cactus family offer various pharmacological active compounds including
phenolic compounds, carotenoids, betalains, vitamins, steroids, sugar, amino acids, minerals and
fibers. These bioactive compounds serve various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antiviral,
anti-diabetic, Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, antibacterial,
antiulcer and alcohol hangover. According to various studies, Opuntia species offer many bioapplications
such as fodder for animal, soil erosion, prevention, human consumption and waste water decontamination.
Finally, different parts of plants are used in various formulations that offer many biotechnology
applications.
Conclusion:
Different parts of Opuntia plant (fruits, seeds, flowers and cladodes) are used in various
health problems which include wound healing, anti-inflammatory and urinary tract infection from
ancient times. Nowadays, researches have extended several pharmacological and therapeutic uses of
Opuntia species as discussed in this review. Many in-vitro and in-vivo models are also discussed in
this review as the proofs of research findings. Various research gaps have been observed in current
studies that require attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Galgotias University, Buddha International Circuit, Sector 17A, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 203201, India
| | - Pramod K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Galgotias University, Buddha International Circuit, Sector 17A, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 203201, India
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Aponte-Díaz LA, Ruiz-Arocho J, Carrera-Martínez R, van Ee BW. Contrasting Effects of the Invasive Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Infestation on Seed Germination of Pilosocereus royenii (Cactaceae), a Puerto Rican Native Cactus. CARIBB J SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v50i2.a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Aponte-Díaz
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Arocho
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Benjamin W. van Ee
- Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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Poveda-Martínez D, Aguirre MB, Logarzo G, Hight SD, Triapitsyn S, Diaz-Sotero H, Diniz Vitorino M, Hasson E. Species complex diversification by host plant use in an herbivorous insect: The source of Puerto Rican cactus mealybug pest and implications for biological control. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10463-10480. [PMID: 33072273 PMCID: PMC7548167 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptic taxa have often been observed in the form of host‐associated species that diverged as the result of adaptation to alternate host plants. Untangling cryptic diversity in species complexes that encompass invasive species is a mandatory task for pest management. Moreover, investigating the evolutionary history of a species complex may help to understand the drivers of their diversification. The mealybug Hypogeococcus pungens was believed to be a polyphagous species from South America and has been reported as a pest devastating native cacti in Puerto Rico, also threatening cactus diversity in the Caribbean and North America. There is neither certainty about the identity of the pest nor the source population from South America. Recent studies pointed to substantial genetic differentiation among local populations, suggesting that H. pungens is a species complex. In this study, we used a combination of genome‐wide SNPs and mtDNA variation to investigate species diversity within H. pungens sensu lato to establish host plant ranges of each one of the putative members of the complex, to evaluate whether the pattern of host plant association drove diversification in the species complex, and to determine the source population of the Puerto Rican cactus pest. Our results suggested that H. pungens comprises at least five different species, each one strongly associated with specific host plants. We also established that the Puerto Rican cactus pest derives from southeastern Brazilian mealybugs. This is an important achievement because it will help to design reliable strategies for biological control using natural enemies of the pest from its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Poveda-Martínez
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI) Hurlingham Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA) Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina.,Grupo de investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO) Universidad del Quindío Armenia Colombia
| | - María Belén Aguirre
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI) Hurlingham Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Guillermo Logarzo
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI) Hurlingham Argentina
| | | | | | - Hilda Diaz-Sotero
- Caribbean Advisor to the APHIS Administrator USDA San Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Marcelo Diniz Vitorino
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Florestal - PPGEF Lab. de Monitoramento e Proteção Florestal - LAMPF Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB Blumenau Brazil
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Instituto de Ecología Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA) Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
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Cazorla BP, Cabello J, Peñas J, Garcillán PP, Reyes A, Alcaraz-Segura D. Incorporating Ecosystem Functional Diversity into Geographic Conservation Priorities Using Remotely Sensed Ecosystem Functional Types. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kulus D, Tymoszuk A. Induction of Callogenesis, Organogenesis, and Embryogenesis in Non-Meristematic Explants of Bleeding Heart and Evaluation of Chemical Diversity of Key Metabolites from Callus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165826. [PMID: 32823732 PMCID: PMC7461564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara is a perennial plant species valued in the horticultural, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical markets. To date, however, there were no studies on tissue culture systems in this species when adjusted from non-meristematic explants. The aim of this study is to induce callogenesis, organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis in non-meristematic explants of Lamprocapnos spectabilis 'Alba' cultured in various media and to analyze the chemical diversity of the produced callus. Leaf, petiole, and internode explants were cultured on the modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and picloram (PIC). After 10 weeks of culturing, the morphogenetic response of explants was evaluated and the concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and polyphenols in callus was analyzed. There was no influence of explant type on the callogenesis efficiency (62.1-65.3%). The highest fresh weight of callus was produced on leaf explants in the presence of 2,4-D or PIC. In contrast, the highest share of dry weight was found in internode-derived calli and cultured on IAA-supplemented medium (up to 30.8%). Only 2.5% of all explants regenerated adventitious shoots, while rhizogenesis was reported in 4.5% of explants. Somatic embryos were produced indirectly by 0% to 100% of explants, depending on the culture medium and explant type. The highest mean number of embryos (11.4 per explant) was found on petioles cultured in the MS medium with 0.5 mg·L-1 BA and 1.0 mg·L-1 PIC. Calli cultured in media with NAA usually contained a higher content of primary and secondary metabolites. There was also a significant impact of explant type on the content of anthocyanins, polyphenols, and carotenoids in callus. Further studies should focus on the elicitation of metabolites production in callus culture systems of the bleeding heart.
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Hesse L, Kampowski T, Leupold J, Caliaro S, Speck T, Speck O. Comparative Analyses of the Self-Sealing Mechanisms in Leaves of Delosperma cooperi and Delosperma ecklonis (Aizoaceae). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165768. [PMID: 32796721 PMCID: PMC7460835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the Aizoaceae, the genus Delosperma exhibits a vast diversification colonizing various ecological niches in South-Africa and showing evolutionary adaptations to dry habitats that might include rapid self-sealing. Leaves of Delosperma react to external damage by the bending or contraction of the entire leaf until wound edges are brought into contact. A study of leaf morphology and anatomy, biomechanics of entire leaves and individual tissues and self-sealing kinematics after a ring incision under low and high relative humidity (RH) was carried out comparing the closely related species Delosperma cooperi and Delosperma ecklonis, which are indigenous to semi-arid highlands and regions with an oceanic climate, respectively. For both species, the absolute contractions of the examined leaf segments ("apex", "incision", "base") were more pronounced at low RH levels. Independent of the given RH level, the absolute contractions within the incision region of D. cooperi were significantly higher than in all other segments of this species and of D. ecklonis. The more pronounced contraction of D. cooperi leaves was linked mainly to the elastic properties of the central vascular strand, which is approximately twice as flexible as that of D. ecklonis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Hesse
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-2930
| | - Tim Kampowski
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Leupold
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Sandra Caliaro
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group, Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.K.); (S.C.); (T.S.); (O.S.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Oulo MA, Yang JX, Dong X, Wanga VO, Mkala EM, Munyao JN, Onjolo VO, Rono PC, Hu GW, Wang QF. Complete Chloroplast Genome of Rhipsalis baccifera, the only Cactus with Natural Distribution in the Old World: Genome Rearrangement, Intron Gain and Loss, and Implications for Phylogenetic Studies. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E979. [PMID: 32752116 PMCID: PMC7464518 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rhipsalis baccifera is the only cactus that naturally occurs in both the New World and the Old World, and has thus drawn the attention of most researchers. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of R. baccifera is reported here for the first time. The cp genome of R. baccifera has 122, 333 base pairs (bp), with a large single-copy (LSC) region (81,459 bp), SSC (23,531 bp) and two inverted repeat (IR) regions each 8530 bp. The genome contains 110 genes, with 73 protein-coding genes, 31 tRNAs, 4 rRNAs and 2 pseudogenes. Twelve genes have introns, with loss of introns being observed in, rpoc1clpP and rps12 genes. 49 repeat sequences and 62 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found in the genome. Comparative analysis with eight species of the ACPT (Anacampserotaceae, Cactaceae, Portulacaceae, and Talinaceae) clade of the suborder Portulacineae species, showed that R. baccifera genome has higher number of rearrangements, with a 19 gene inversion in its LSC region representing the most significant structural change in terms of its size. Inversion of the SSC region seems common in subfamily Cactoideae, and another 6 kb gene inversion between rbcL- trnM was observed in R. baccifera and Carnegiea gigantea. The IRs of R. baccifera are contracted. The phylogenetic analysis among 36 complete chloroplast genomes of Caryophyllales species and two outgroup species supported monophyly of the families of the ACPT clade. R. baccifera occupied a basal position of the family Cactaceae clade in the tree. A high number of rearrangements in this cp genome suggests a larger number mutation events in the history of evolution of R. baccifera. These results provide important tools for future work on R. baccifera and in the evolutionary studies of the suborder Portulacineae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent Akinyi Oulo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vincent Okelo Wanga
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jacinta Ndunge Munyao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Victor Omondi Onjolo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Nowakowska M, Pavlović Ž, Nowicki M, Boggess SL, Trigiano RN. In Vitro Propagation of an Endangered Helianthus Verticillatus by Axillary Bud Proliferation. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E712. [PMID: 32503227 PMCID: PMC7356533 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helianthus verticillatus (Asteraceae), whorled sunflower, is a perennial species restricted to a few locations in the Southeastern United States. Habitat loss has caused H. verticillatus to become rare, and since 2014, it has been federally listed as an endangered species. As a part of the recovery plan for the restoration and protection of H. verticillatus, an efficient micropropagation protocol based on axillary shoot proliferation was developed. Various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 0 to 4.44 µM) were examined for their morphogenetic potential in the regeneration of six genotypes of H. verticillatus from the nodal explants derived from greenhouse-grown plants. Both the BAP concentration and genotype had significant effects on the regeneration capacity of H. verticillatus. Although the induced buds were observed on ½-strength Murashige and Skoog medium without plant growth regulators, a higher rate of induction and bud development were achieved on media with either 0.88 or 2.22 µM BAP, regardless of the genotype. Successful rooting of the induced shoots was achieved within four weeks after the transfer from the induction medium to the fresh ½-strength MS medium, but the rooting efficiency was dependent on the plant's genetic background. Regenerated plantlets, with well-developed shoots and roots, were acclimatized successfully to greenhouse conditions with a 97% survival rate. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers were employed to assess the genetic uniformity of the micropropagated plants of H. verticillatus. No extraneous bands were detected between regenerants and their respective donor plants, confirming the genetic fidelity and stability of regenerated plants. To our knowledge, the protocol developed in this study is the first such report for this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Nowakowska
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Ž.P.); (M.N.); (S.L.B.); (R.N.T.)
- Department of Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology of Vegetable Crops, Research Institute of Horticulture, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Žaklina Pavlović
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Ž.P.); (M.N.); (S.L.B.); (R.N.T.)
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Ž.P.); (M.N.); (S.L.B.); (R.N.T.)
| | - Sarah L. Boggess
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Ž.P.); (M.N.); (S.L.B.); (R.N.T.)
| | - Robert N. Trigiano
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (Ž.P.); (M.N.); (S.L.B.); (R.N.T.)
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