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Khan HM, Abbas K, Khan HN. Investigating the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with visual impairment. British Journal of Visual Impairment 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/02646196231158919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive review of the various challenges that individuals with visual impairment (VI) face during the COVID-19 pandemic. A structured review was done using online databases PubMed, EMBASE, and grey literature databases between 19 April 2021 and 4 August 2021, using search terms ‘COVID-19’, ‘SARS-CoV-2’, ‘Coronavirus’, or ‘pandemic’ combined with ‘visually impaired’, ‘visual impairment’, or ‘Blind’. Studies included were written in English, published after the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic (11 March 2020), and focused on the VI population during the pandemic. The initial search yielded 702 publications, of which 20 met our inclusion criteria and were included in analysis. Emotional distress from deteriorating mental health and social isolation were considerably higher in the VI population. For a community that relies on spatial awareness and touch, regulations related to social distancing and avoiding contact were considerable barriers. Further challenges were noted in accessing healthcare, care, receiving timely health information and changes in regulations, adequately sanitizing, using technology, and completing activities of daily living. In the unprecedented times of the COVID-19 pandemic, the VI community has faced unique challenges. A more holistic and inclusive approach needs to be adopted to ensure that more vulnerable populations are adequately cared for.
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Novikov A, Sup-Novikova M. Endemic vascular plants in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e95910. [PMID: 36761574 PMCID: PMC9836429 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e95910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This dynamic dataset aims to gather all available data, extracted mostly from the preserved material deposited at the leading Ukrainian herbaria on the distribution of the endemic vascular plants in the Ukrainian Carpathians and adjacent territories. This dataset is created in the framework of mapping the distribution of the endemic plants and is aimed to unveil the patterns of their spatial distribution, ecological preferences and temporal trends in the flora of the Ukrainian Carpathians. A total of 76 species and subspecies of vascular plants belonging to 49 genera and 27 families are reported herein to occur in the Ukrainian Carpathians and close regions. Amongst the total number of reported 6,427 occurrence records, 1,961 records are georeferenced and supported with a translation of Cyrillic information into English. The remaining occurrence records will be georeferenced and translated into English in the near future, as well as the dataset being completed with new records obtained from the new sources. New information In total, 6,427 occurrence records of the endemic vascular plants distributed in the Ukrainian Carpathians were published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Novikov
- State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, UkraineState Museum of Natural History of the NAS of UkraineLvivUkraine
| | - Mariia Sup-Novikova
- Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, UkraineUkrainian Catholic UniversityLvivUkraine
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Wilson OE, Pashkevich MD, Rookmaaker K, Turner EC. Image‐based analyses from an online repository provide rich information on long‐term changes in morphology and human perceptions of rhinos. People and Nature 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E. Wilson
- Department of Geosciences and Geography University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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4
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Mason M. The Contribution of Design Thinking to Museum Digital Transformation in Post-Pandemic Times. MTI 2022; 6:79. [DOI: 10.3390/mti6090079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With this article, I would like to present a critical examination of my position on the role of design in museums by focusing on the influence of human-centred design practices (also known as design thinking) in the context of digital transformation in museums, a transformation that has been accelerated by two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions. The article aims to offer a set of propositions about the contribution of design thinking (DT) to the main challenges museums are facing in a moment of digital transformation. A rigorous evaluation of the value of DT on museums is beyond the scope of this article, however, there is a sufficient body of academic and professional literature to hypothesise the contribution of DT in addressing digital transformation challenges. My argumentation is supported by evidence from the literature review in the museum sector and academia. Firstly, through a critical examination of facts (museum initiatives during the pandemic) and a critical reflection of existing literature, I will identify a set of key museum challenges. Secondly, by critically looking at design literature, I will suggest a set of propositions by discussing the contribution of DT practices in addressing those challenges.
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Abstract
Paleoproteomics, the study of ancient proteins, is a rapidly growing field at the intersection of molecular biology, paleontology, archaeology, paleoecology, and history. Paleoproteomics research leverages the longevity and diversity of proteins to explore fundamental questions about the past. While its origins predate the characterization of DNA, it was only with the advent of soft ionization mass spectrometry that the study of ancient proteins became truly feasible. Technological gains over the past 20 years have allowed increasing opportunities to better understand preservation, degradation, and recovery of the rich bioarchive of ancient proteins found in the archaeological and paleontological records. Growing from a handful of studies in the 1990s on individual highly abundant ancient proteins, paleoproteomics today is an expanding field with diverse applications ranging from the taxonomic identification of highly fragmented bones and shells and the phylogenetic resolution of extinct species to the exploration of past cuisines from dental calculus and pottery food crusts and the characterization of past diseases. More broadly, these studies have opened new doors in understanding past human-animal interactions, the reconstruction of past environments and environmental changes, the expansion of the hominin fossil record through large scale screening of nondiagnostic bone fragments, and the phylogenetic resolution of the vertebrate fossil record. Even with these advances, much of the ancient proteomic record still remains unexplored. Here we provide an overview of the history of the field, a summary of the major methods and applications currently in use, and a critical evaluation of current challenges. We conclude by looking to the future, for which innovative solutions and emerging technology will play an important role in enabling us to access the still unexplored "dark" proteome, allowing for a fuller understanding of the role ancient proteins can play in the interpretation of the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Warinner
- Department
of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Kristine Korzow Richter
- Department
of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew J. Collins
- Department
of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, United Kingdom
- Section
for Evolutionary Genomics, Globe Institute,
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
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6
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Montero‐Castaño A, Koch JBU, Lindsay TT, Love B, Mola JM, Newman K, Sharkey JK. Pursuing best practices for minimizing wild bee captures to support biological research. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Berenguer Uhuad Koch
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Pollinating Insect‐Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit Logan Utah USA
| | - Thuy‐Tien Thai Lindsay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Pollinating Insect‐Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit Logan Utah USA
| | - Byron Love
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Pollinating Insect‐Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit Logan Utah USA
| | - John M. Mola
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Kiera Newman
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Janean K. Sharkey
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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7
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Santi R, Ballestriero R, Canzonieri V, Gulczynski J, de Gouveia RH, Ariza A, Carvalho L, Nesi G. Voices from the past: results of the ESP history of pathology working group survey on pathology museums. Virchows Arch 2022; 480:1231-1238. [PMID: 35080657 PMCID: PMC9184401 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
While keeping their original purpose of training medical students, pathology museums hold great biological value, offering unique specimens for scientific research through modern radiological, pathological and biomolecular techniques. Moreover, the artefacts, models and drawings displayed in these museums are a precious cultural and artistic heritage. Preservation of the anatomical samples and maintenance of the facilities are neither easy nor inexpensive and call for patronage. The development of a European Pathology Museum Network would undoubtedly facilitate study, access and divulgation of antique pathology collections. Data from a survey conducted by the European Society of Pathology (ESP) History of Pathology Working Group have allowed creation of a comprehensive, multifaceted portrait of European university museums, reflecting their history, diversity, geography, institutional status, stakeholders, projects, professionals, audiences, policies and best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Santi
- Hematopathology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Ballestriero
- Academy of Fine Arts of Venice, Venice, Italy
- Art Historian in Residence, Gordon Museum of Pathology, King's College, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jacek Gulczynski
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rosa Henriques de Gouveia
- Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira (UMa) & Clinical and Anatomical Pathology Laboratory (LANA), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
- Anatomical and Molecular Pathology Institute (IAP-PM), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Ariza
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Anatomical and Molecular Pathology Institute (IAP-PM), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, V.le G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Abstract
Collagen peptide mass fingerprinting by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, also known as zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS), is a rapidly growing analytical technique in the fields of archaeology, ecology, and cultural heritage. Minimally destructive and cost effective, ZooMS enables rapid taxonomic identification of large bone assemblages, cultural heritage objects, and other organic materials of animal origin. As its importance grows as both a research and a conservation tool, it is critical to ensure that its expanding body of users understands its fundamental principles, strengths, and limitations. Here, we outline the basic functionality of ZooMS and provide guidance on interpreting collagen spectra from archaeological bones. We further examine the growing potential of applying ZooMS to nonmammalian assemblages, discuss available options for minimally and nondestructive analyses, and explore the potential for peptide mass fingerprinting to be expanded to noncollagenous proteins. We describe the current limitations of the method regarding accessibility, and we propose solutions for the future. Finally, we review the explosive growth of ZooMS over the past decade and highlight the remarkably diverse applications for which the technique is suited.
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Ramalho CDMB, Rosa TF, Costa LSF. A educação museal e os desafios no antropoceno. Liinc Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.18617/liinc.v18i1.5837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da temática dos Museus, da educação patrimonial e museal trazendo um apanhado de artigos científicos no intuito de discutir os museus e a ciência dentro da perspectiva do campo e os desafios no antropoceno, período mais recente de grandes transformações globais. Os textos escolhidos que compõem esta revisão de literatura tratam de assuntos como as práticas educativas nos museus, ciência e arte, patrimônio cultural, consciência histórica, tecnologia e inovação aplicadas aos museus. A partir das leituras foi possível observar um crescente interesse nos estudos envolvendo a temática dos museus e temas afins como patrimônio principalmente no que diz respeito à novas propostas ou propostas inovadoras que conferem aos museus com o uso de tecnologias um papel importante no processo de aprendizagem da sociedade como um todo. Com o surgimento da pandemia em 2021 a busca por novas práticas de acesso aos museus e a conscientização a respeito das ações e responsabilidades que os povos possuem sobre o momento presente e futuro em relação às questões ambientais, políticas, sociais, econômicas e culturais se fazem ainda mais necessárias
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10
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Ryan T, Quinn B. Understanding the Library as a Commemorative Exhibition Space. Public Library Quarterly 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01616846.2022.2060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ryan
- School of Hospitality Management & Tourism, College of Arts & Tourism, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Bernadette Quinn
- School of Hospitality Management & Tourism, College of Arts & Tourism, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland
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Silva AM, Leandro I, Gomes RAMP, Oliveira-Santos I. The modern Dental Cast Reference Collection from the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Ann Anat 2022;:151937. [PMID: 35378256 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identified skeletal and skull collections are centrepiece for research in biological anthropology. However, until recently, the same relevance has not been placed on dental cast collections. This perspective evolved, mainly, with the research on population variation and human identification through dental characteristics. While dental collections exist throughout the world, their reports and documentation are scarce in the literature. AIMS This work aims to present the new Dental Cast Reference Collection - University of Coimbra (DCRC - UC) housed in the Laboratory of Prehistory of the Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra (Portugal). BASIC PROCEDURES The modern dental cast collection (DCRC - UC) was created in 2016 for teaching and research purposes. The casts were obtained from volunteers who answered a brief questionnaire (sex, age, nationality, previous orthodontic and dental data) after informed consent. MAIN FINDINGS The collection includes the dental casts of 90 adult individuals of both sexes: 69 females and 21 males. The volunteers were students, teachers and visiting researchers of the Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra. Age ranges from 17 to 49 years, including individuals of Portuguese (n=79) and non-Portuguese nationality (n=11). Lastly, the strategy of the conservation and storage conditions of the casts are underlined, a vital aspect of this working collection, emphasizing its protection while also allowing it to function as a usable resource. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS Currently, the addition of new individuals to the dental cast collection is paused due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however the future work and expected expansion will require new logistic solutions. The DCRC - UC is an invaluable resource to both research and teaching activities.
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Gonzalez V. The Religious Plot in Museums or the Lack Thereof: The Case of Islamic Art Display. Religions 2022; 13:281. [DOI: 10.3390/rel13040281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, the curation of Islamic art and artifacts has been crossed by tensions at both the theoretical and practical level. Not only has it been continuously grappling with the Orientalist legacy, but it has also been operating in a global contemporaneity affected by multiple conflicts engendering a misperception of Muslims and Islam by non-Muslims. With this heavy background, this curation has been pursuing three main objectives: educating the public, decolonizing the museum, and reaching out to the Muslim communities and refugees living in non-Muslim societies. However, in the West, which remains worldly influential in the domain of heritage management, the first two objectives drove curators to engage in problematic practices, most notably the suppression of what we may call the “religious plot” in the exhibits’ narrative. Moreover, while the educational impulse led to a secular didactic scholasticism erected as the supreme exhibitory norm, the decolonizing enterprise took on an ideological turn in the form of a neo-postcolonial discourse at odds with a reality that has considerably changed since the seventies. Contesting the “being Islamic” of the material curated, this discourse separates religion from culture, thus relegating the faith to a theme among other multiple themes in the museum displays. That this state of affairs is problematic appears in crude light as, in the last decade, a new Muslim-led curatorship has been challenging this secularist curatorial politics. Re-centering Islam in the representational emplotment regarding Islamic culture in the exhibitory space and experimenting in the installations’ design to this effect, this curatorship, this essay’s author believes, holds the future of Islamic museology.
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14
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Abstract
In authorized cultural heritage management discourse, heritage sites can be included in local government heritage registers if their aesthetic, scientific, historic or social values are deemed significant. While notionally providing protection from major alterations and destruction for the benefit of future generations, such listings primarily serve the present generation whose values they reflect. This paper considers the role that cultural heritage places play in terms of community identity and their contribution to a sense of place, to place attachment and, by implication, to personal and community mental health.
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Ferreira EF, Mouro C, Silva L, Gouveia IC. Sustainable Packaging Material Based on PCL Nanofibers and Lavandula luisieri Essential Oil, to Preserve Museological Textiles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:597. [PMID: 35160586 PMCID: PMC8838177 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The connection with textiles is one of the oldest traditions in humanity, and in the historical scenario, textiles and clothing deal with material culture. Therefore, preservation is of the utmost importance to keep this important heritage. Packaging and protection of museological textiles is imperative due to the risks that these articles suffer, mainly concerning the attack of microorganisms that promote the acceleration of their degradation, and it is still necessary to create a proper packing material. In the present work we describe a bibliographic review about the museological scenario, focused on the packaging for preservation of textile articles, as well as the techniques usually used in preventive material conservation. Future perpsctives for the improvement in the conservation of museological textiles are also given. This research aims to produce a sustainable material based on polycaprolactone (PCL), with and without antimicrobial function by incorporating Lavandula luisieri essential oil (EO), in the form of a non-woven substrate for museological packaging. A comparison was made with the most frequently used materials, such as raw cotton and a non-woven polyester. The results demonstrated that both PCL and PCL + EO obtained a good characterization for museological application with good breaking strength and excellent whiteness index. In addition, PCL + EO showed a high bacterial reduction when compared with other protective materials frequently used in museums. Therefore, these findings emphasize the potential use of this material as an innovative protective antibacterial museological packaging solution, able to safeguard and preserve textile museum and clothing collections for longer and for future generations.
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Kenfield AS, Woolcott L, Thompson S, Kelly EJ, Shiri A, Muglia C, Masood K, Chapman J, Jefferson D, Morales ME. Toward a definition of digital object reuse. DLP 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/dlp-06-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present conceptual definitions for digital object use and reuse. Typically, assessment of digital repository content struggles to go beyond traditional usage metrics such as clicks, views or downloads. This is problematic for galleries, libraries, archives, museums and repositories (GLAMR) practitioners because use assessment does not tell a nuanced story of how users engage with digital content and objects.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews prior research and literature aimed at defining use and reuse of digital content in GLAMR contexts and builds off of this group’s previous research to devise a new model for defining use and reuse called the use-reuse matrix.
Findings
This paper presents the use-reuse matrix, which visually represents eight categories and numerous examples of use and reuse. Additionally, the paper explores the concept of “permeability” and its bearing on the matrix. It concludes with the next steps for future research and application in the development of the Digital Content Reuse Assessment Framework Toolkit (D-CRAFT).
Practical implications
The authors developed this model and definitions to inform D-CRAFT, an Institute of Museum and Library Services National Leadership Grant project. This toolkit is being developed to help practitioners assess reuse at their own institutions.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first to propose distinct definitions that describe and differentiate between digital object use and reuse in the context of assessing digital collections and data.
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Abstract
Preparation of acid-resistant calcium oxalate film in a high-humidity environment without changing the original properties and appearance of carbonate stone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Department of Preservation Technology for Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory for the Preservation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of Education Ministry, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Preservation Technology for Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory for the Preservation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of Education Ministry, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Preservation Technology for Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory for the Preservation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of Education Ministry, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Fuwei Yang
- Department of Preservation Technology for Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory for the Preservation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of Education Ministry, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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Rivaroli L, Moretti P, Caricchio A, Macchia A. Mural Art Conservation Data Recording (SCIMA): The Graart Project. Heritage 2021; 4:4222-32. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage4040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban art in Italy is experiencing a remarkable evolution that has quickly modified urban spaces, especially in suburban areas. More and more often, we are witnessing the birth of works of art that have been commissioned by festivals, or institutional projects next to spontaneous street artworks. These large projects, often defined as “urban renewal”, when carried out through a well-thought-out design, can become real open-air museums. The proliferation of these creative and legal projects has raised the question of whether street art should be preserved over time. The conservation, or even restoration, of urban art has recently become a controversial topic in scientific debate. In Italy, different associations of researchers are developing new methodologies for preserving street artworks; everyone agrees on the importance of the implementation of good conservation practices. The documentation of the existing condition of a work of art is the first step to start taking care of it. In this article we introduce SCIMA (Scheda Conservativa Informatizzata Mural Art), a digitizing conservation data report that is specific for mural art. The aim of SCIMA was to define the existing condition of the work of art, starting with the socio-cultural and artistic importance, to describe its environment, to define the materials used and its deterioration problems, to suggest conservative interventions. It was born as an analogical tool (sheet) but we are working on digitizing it (database) in order to maintain access to the data recorded for the future.
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Alsharhan H, Ahmed AA, Ali NM, Alahmad A, Albash B, Elshafie RM, Alkanderi S, Elkazzaz UM, Cyril PX, Abdelrahman RM, Elmonairy AA, Ibrahim SM, Elfeky YME, Sadik DI, Al-Enezi SD, Salloum AM, Girish Y, Al-Ali M, Ramadan DG, Alsafi R, Al-Rushood M, Bastaki L. Early Diagnosis of Classic Homocystinuria in Kuwait through Newborn Screening: A 6-Year Experience. Int J Neonatal Screen 2021; 7:ijns7030056. [PMID: 34449519 PMCID: PMC8395821 DOI: 10.3390/ijns7030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kuwait is a small Arabian Gulf country with a high rate of consanguinity and where a national newborn screening program was expanded in October 2014 to include a wide range of endocrine and metabolic disorders. A retrospective study conducted between January 2015 and December 2020 revealed a total of 304,086 newborns have been screened in Kuwait. Six newborns were diagnosed with classic homocystinuria with an incidence of 1:50,000, which is not as high as in Qatar but higher than the global incidence. Molecular testing for five of them has revealed three previously reported pathogenic variants in the CBS gene, c.969G>A, p.(Trp323Ter); c.982G>A, p.(Asp328Asn); and the Qatari founder variant c.1006C>T, p.(Arg336Cys). This is the first study to review the screening of newborns in Kuwait for classic homocystinuria, starting with the detection of elevated blood methionine and providing a follow-up strategy for positive results, including plasma total homocysteine and amino acid analyses. Further, we have demonstrated an increase in the specificity of the current newborn screening test for classic homocystinuria by including the methionine to phenylalanine ratio along with the elevated methionine blood levels in first-tier testing. Here, we provide evidence that the newborn screening in Kuwait has led to the early detection of classic homocystinuria cases and enabled the affected individuals to lead active and productive lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Alsharhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Department of Pediatrics, Farwaniya Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sabah Al-Nasser 92426, Kuwait
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (B.A.); (R.M.E.); (S.A.); (A.A.E.); (D.I.S.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +965-60600106 or +965-25319486
| | - Amir A. Ahmed
- Newborn Screening Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (A.A.A.); (R.M.A.); (M.A.-R.)
- Next Generation Sequencing Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (N.M.A.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Naser M. Ali
- Next Generation Sequencing Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (N.M.A.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Ahmad Alahmad
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (A.A.); (S.D.A.-E.)
| | - Buthaina Albash
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (B.A.); (R.M.E.); (S.A.); (A.A.E.); (D.I.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Reem M. Elshafie
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (B.A.); (R.M.E.); (S.A.); (A.A.E.); (D.I.S.); (L.B.)
- Next Generation Sequencing Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (N.M.A.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Sumaya Alkanderi
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (B.A.); (R.M.E.); (S.A.); (A.A.E.); (D.I.S.); (L.B.)
- Next Generation Sequencing Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (N.M.A.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Usama M. Elkazzaz
- Newborn Screening Office, Farwaniya Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sabah Al-Nasser 92426, Kuwait;
| | | | - Rehab M. Abdelrahman
- Newborn Screening Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (A.A.A.); (R.M.A.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Alaa A. Elmonairy
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (B.A.); (R.M.E.); (S.A.); (A.A.E.); (D.I.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Samia M. Ibrahim
- Newborn Screening Office, Al-Sabah Maternity Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait;
| | - Yasser M. E. Elfeky
- Newborn Screening Office, Jahra Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jahra 00020, Kuwait;
| | - Doaa I. Sadik
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (B.A.); (R.M.E.); (S.A.); (A.A.E.); (D.I.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sara D. Al-Enezi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (A.A.); (S.D.A.-E.)
| | - Ayman M. Salloum
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Shuwaikh 70051, Kuwait;
| | - Yadav Girish
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ibn Sina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Shuwaikh, P.O. Box 25427, Safat 13115, Kuwait;
| | - Mohammad Al-Ali
- Next Generation Sequencing Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (N.M.A.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Dina G. Ramadan
- Department of Pediatrics, Al-Sabah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Shuweikh 70051, Kuwait;
| | - Rasha Alsafi
- Department of Pediatrics, Adan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Hadiya 52700, Kuwait;
| | - May Al-Rushood
- Newborn Screening Laboratory, Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (A.A.A.); (R.M.A.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Laila Bastaki
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Center, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait; (B.A.); (R.M.E.); (S.A.); (A.A.E.); (D.I.S.); (L.B.)
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Barrantes-Madrigal MD, Zúñiga-Salas T, Arce-Tucker RE, Chavarría-Sibaja A, Sánchez-Solís J, Mena-Vega J, Acuña-Umaña K, Gómez-Tencio M, Wang-Qiu K, Lizano-Sánchez F, Marín-Cruz C, Herrera-Sancho OA. Revealing time's secrets at the National Theatre of Costa Rica via innovative software for cultural heritage research. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8560. [PMID: 33879843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing affordable, efficient, accessible, innovative, and multidisciplinary methodologies to the diagnosis of the conservation state of an artwork is key to carry out appropriate strategies of conservation and consequently to the creation of modern public policies on cultural heritage. Limited access to large-format paintings is a challenge to restoration scientists seeking to obtain information quickly, in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner, and identify regions of interest. Therefore, we put forward two unique software tools based on multispectral imaging techniques, with the long-term aim to assess the artist’s intentions, creative process, and colour palette. This development paves the way for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary understanding of the mysteries encompassed in each pictorial layer, through the study of their physical and chemical characteristics. We conducted the first ever study on Musas I and Musas II, two large-format paintings by Italian artist Carlo Ferrario, located in the National Theatre of Costa Rica. In this study, we used our novel imaging techniques to choose regions of interest in order to study sample layers; while also assessing the works’ state of conservation and possible biodeterioration. We explored the applications of our two versatile software tools, RegionOfInterest and CrystalDistribution, and confirmed paint stratigraphies by means of microscopy and spectroscopy analyses (OM, SEM-EDX, Fluorescent microscopy, FTIR-ATR and micro-Raman). In a pilot study, we identified the artist’s main colour palette: zinc white, lead white, chrome yellow, lead read, viridian, along with artificial vermilion and ultramarine pigments. We were able to identify artificial vermilion and ultramarine and distinguish them from the natural pigments using CrystalDistribution to map the average size and diameter of the pigment crystals within the paint layers. This study demonstrated that software-based multidisciplinary imaging techniques are novel in establishing preventive and non-invasive methods for historical painting conservation studies, in addition, this study provides tools with great potential to be used in the future in applications such as virtual restoration.
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Aragoni MC, Giacopetti L, Arca M, Carcangiu G, Columbu S, Gimeno D, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Meloni P, Ezquerra AN, Podda E, Rius J, Vallcorba O, Pintus A. Ammonium monoethyloxalate (AmEtOx): a new agent for the conservation of carbonate stone substrates. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium monoethyloxalate (AmEtOx) is proposed as a consolidanting agent for carbonate stones such as biomicritic limestone and marble, resulting in the formation of a microcrystalline passivating phase of calcium oxalate (whewellite and weddellite).
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Gimat A, Schöder S, Thoury M, Missori M, Paris-Lacombe S, Dupont AL. Short- and Long-Term Effects of X-ray Synchrotron Radiation on Cotton Paper. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2795-2807. [PMID: 32539350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
X-ray analytical techniques are increasingly being used to study manuscripts and works of art on paper, whether with laboratory equipment or synchrotron sources. However, it is difficult to anticipate the impact of X-ray photons on paper- and cellulose-based artifacts, particularly due to the large variety of their constituents and degradation levels, and the subsequent material multiscale heterogeneity. In this context, this work aims at developing an analytical approach to study the modifications in paper upon synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray radiation using analytical techniques, which are fully complementary and highly sensitive, yet not frequently used together. At the molecular scale, cellulose chain scissions and hydroxyl free radicals were measured using chromatographic separation techniques (size-exclusion chromatography-multiangle laser light scattering-differential refractive index (SEC-MALS-DRI) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector-diode array detector (RP-HPLC-FLD-DAD)), while the optical properties of paper were characterized using spectroscopy (UV luminescence and diffuse reflectance). These techniques showed different sensitivities toward the detection of changes. The modifications in the cellulosic material were monitored in real time, within a few days, and up to 2 years following the irradiation to define a lowest observed adverse effect dose (LOAED). As paper is a hygroscopic material, the impact of the humidity in the environment was studied using this approach. Three levels of moisture content in the paper, achieved by conditioning the samples and irradiating them at different relative humidities (RHs), were studied (0, 50, 80% RH). It was shown that very low moisture content accelerated molecular and optical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gimat
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Mathieu Thoury
- IPANEMA, CNRS, minist́re de la Culture, UVSQ, USR3461, Universit́ Paris-Saclay, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mauro Missori
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (CNR-ISC) and Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Paris-Lacombe
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Dupont
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRC, CNRS USR 3224), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
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Martlin B, Rando C. Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) for the Documentation of Saw Mark Characteristics. J Forensic Sci 2020; 65:1692-1697. [PMID: 32315456 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Photography is widely accepted as a means of forensic case documentation and evaluation. In cases of criminal dismemberment digital microscopy is commonly used to assess marks left on the bone. Reflectance transformation imaging (RTI) is a computational photography technique which documents and enhances the three-dimensional (3D) reflectance properties of the surface of an object. RTI has primarily been used in the cultural heritage sector but has recently transitioned into forensic science. This study examines the use of RTI for the documentation and presentation of cut surface characteristics on fully sectioned long bones. Juvenile pig radii were bisected using three different handsaws, chosen as handsaws are the most common implement used in criminal dismemberments. The resulting 42 cut surfaces were then documented with a digital microscope and RTI. Four rendering modes were applied to the default RTI image, with diffuse gain being the most beneficial to accentuate cut surface features. Although great care must be taken when obtaining the photographic sequences necessary for detailed RTI analysis, RTI is relatively inexpensive, expeditious, and easy to use, and creates highly detailed, virtually interactive images. RTI may not replace microscopic methods of saw mark analysis, however could prove useful for the documentation, image sharing, and presentation of forensic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britny Martlin
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, U.K
| | - Carolyn Rando
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, U.K
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Sallam A. The Ethics of Using Human Remains in Medical Exhibitions: A Case Study of the Cushing Center. Yale J Biol Med 2019; 92:765-769. [PMID: 31866793 PMCID: PMC6913807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an ethical framework for the creation and consideration of medical exhibits displaying human remains. Using the Cushing Center at the Yale School of Medicine as a case study, the aim is to delineate the rights that donors of human tissue maintain post mortem. Moreover, this article focuses a critical lens to the doctor-patient relationship, whether it should extend post mortem, and the implication of this for viewers. Ultimately, this account emphasizes the complex ethical factors that should be considered when assessing the function of a medical exhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah Sallam
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Aminah Sallam, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511;
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Tobiasz, Markiewicz, Łapiński, Nikel, Kot, Muradov. Review of Methods for Documentation, Management, and Sustainability of Cultural Heritage. Case Study: Museum of King Jan III’s Palace at Wilanów. Sustainability 2019; 11:7046. [DOI: 10.3390/su11247046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
All countries around the world are blessed with particularly rich cultural heritage. Nowadays, many researchers are exploring different methods for documentation, management, and sustainability of cultural heritage. The aim of this article is to review the state-of-the-art documentation, management, and sustainability techniques in the field of cultural heritage based on the case study in the Museum of King Jan III’s Palace at Wilanów. Various 2D/3D image and range-based methods are discussed demonstrating their applications and drawbacks. The geographical information system (GIS) is presented as a method for management, storage, and maintenance of cultural heritage documentation.
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Karlsson ÁG. Copyrighting the Copies. The Library Quarterly 2019. [DOI: 10.1086/704961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Okada A, Aoki H, Onozato D, Kato T, Hashita T, Takase H, Sugino T, Unno R, Taguchi K, Hamamoto S, Ando R, Mizuno K, Tozawa K, Matsunaga T, Kohri K, Yasui T. Active Phagocytosis and Diachronic Processing of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals in an in vitro Macrophage Model. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:1014-1025. [PMID: 31509838 DOI: 10.1159/000501965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously discovered that renal macrophages (Mφs) phagocytose renal calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. This study investigated the processing of engulfed crystals using in vitro models. METHODS J774.1 mouse Mφs were exposed to COM crystals and observed for 24 h using polarized light microscopy with/without cytochalasin B (CB), an inhibitor of phagocytosis, to confirm active crystal phagocytosis. LysoTracker and immunohistochemical staining using transmission electron microscopy for lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 were used to confirm engulfed COM crystal uptake into lysosomes. Diachronic tracking of specific Mφs was performed to capture the entire course of engulfed COM crystal processing using polarized light microscopy. Follow-up studies of fluorescent COM (f-COM) crystals using imaging cytometry were performed in the presence and absence of nigericin to dissipate the pH gradient in acidic organelles. RESULTS Phagocytosis rates increased with COM density and were significantly lower in cells treated with CB (p < 0.01). We observed that engulfed crystals colocalized within lysosomes of the Mφs; moreover, diachronic observation indicated that the engulfed COM crystals were subdivided during Mφ division and eliminated by the 7th day of culture. Additionally, imaging cytometry showed that the fluorescence level of f-COM crystals in the nigericin (-) group after 48 h was significantly lower than that in the nigericin (+) group. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed active phagocytosis and lysosomal processing of engulfed COM crystals by Mφs. This discovery is expected to contribute to the development of future drugs that enhance the COM crystal phagocytic ability of Mφs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan,
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daichi Onozato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiki Kato
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teruaki Sugino
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Unno
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazumi Taguchi
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuzo Hamamoto
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mizuno
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tozawa
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kohri
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Ball-Damerow JE, Brenskelle L, Barve N, Soltis PS, Sierwald P, Bieler R, LaFrance R, Ariño AH, Guralnick RP. Research applications of primary biodiversity databases in the digital age. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215794. [PMID: 31509534 PMCID: PMC6738577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Our world is in the midst of unprecedented change-climate shifts and sustained, widespread habitat degradation have led to dramatic declines in biodiversity rivaling historical extinction events. At the same time, new approaches to publishing and integrating previously disconnected data resources promise to help provide the evidence needed for more efficient and effective conservation and management. Stakeholders have invested considerable resources to contribute to online databases of species occurrences. However, estimates suggest that only 10% of biocollections are available in digital form. The biocollections community must therefore continue to promote digitization efforts, which in part requires demonstrating compelling applications of the data. Our overarching goal is therefore to determine trends in use of mobilized species occurrence data since 2010, as online systems have grown and now provide over one billion records. To do this, we characterized 501 papers that use openly accessible biodiversity databases. Our standardized tagging protocol was based on key topics of interest, including: database(s) used, taxa addressed, general uses of data, other data types linked to species occurrence data, and data quality issues addressed. We found that the most common uses of online biodiversity databases have been to estimate species distribution and richness, to outline data compilation and publication, and to assist in developing species checklists or describing new species. Only 69% of papers in our dataset addressed one or more aspects of data quality, which is low considering common errors and biases known to exist in opportunistic datasets. Globally, we find that biodiversity databases are still in the initial stages of data compilation. Novel and integrative applications are restricted to certain taxonomic groups and regions with higher numbers of quality records. Continued data digitization, publication, enhancement, and quality control efforts are necessary to make biodiversity science more efficient and relevant in our fast-changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Brenskelle
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Narayani Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Petra Sierwald
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Rüdiger Bieler
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Raphael LaFrance
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Arturo H. Ariño
- Department of Environmental Biology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robert P. Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Li C, Wang L, Yuan M, Xu H, Dong J. A New Route for Indirect Mineralization of Carbon Dioxide-Sodium Oxalate as a Detergent Builder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12852. [PMID: 31492879 PMCID: PMC6731234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we bridge the gap between carbon mineralization and laundry detergent builder with sodium oxalate. Daily laundry can help mineralize carbon dioxide. First, we screen an environment-friendly process to produce sodium oxalate, using CO2 as a raw material. Then, we evaluate the properties of sodium oxalate as a detergent builder and prove the formation of calcium oxalate under laundry conditions. Our data suggest that sodium oxalate has excellent calcium-removing properties. Detergents based on sodium oxalate have good detergency. Furthermore, solid calcium oxalates (calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium oxalate dihydrate, which has good stability in water and thermal stability), is obtained from washing waters. These results demonstrate the possibility of using sodium oxalate as detergent builder. The whole process can transform the greenhouse gas CO2 into commodity chemicals and can mineralize carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Research Institute of Special Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Research Institute of Special Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Min Yuan
- Research Institute of Special Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Research Institute of Special Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Jinxiang Dong
- Research Institute of Special Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, P.R. China.
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Sallam A, Hemeda S, Toprak MS, Muhammed M, Hassan M, Uheida A. CT Scanning and MATLAB Calculations for Preservation of Coptic Mural Paintings in Historic Egyptian Monasteries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3903. [PMID: 30846738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of Coptic mural paintings in historic churches and monasteries demand a deep understanding of the micro structure of the mural painting layers. The main objective of the present study is to study the efficiency of new avenues of computed X-ray tomography (CT Scan) and MATLAB in the analysis of Coptic mural paintings, either in the form of images or videos made to collect information about the physical characteristics of the material structure of the layers of mural paintings. These advanced techniques have been used in the investigation of samples of Coptic mural paintings dating back to the V–VIII century A.D, which have been collected from several locations in the Coptic monasteries in Upper Egypt. The application of CT-scanning is a powerful non-destructive tool for imaging and investigation which can be applied to the preservation of monuments made from many different materials. The second stage of research will be to characterize the materials through analytical techniques including XRD, XRF, EDX and FTIR to confirm the findings of CT scanning and to provide additional information concerning the materials used and their deterioration processes. This paper presents the results of the first pilot study in which CT scan and MATLAB have been utilized in combination for the non-destructive evaluation and investigation of Coptic mural paintings in Upper Egypt. The examinations have been carried out on mural painting samples from three important Coptic monasteries in Upper Egypt: the Qubbat Al Hawa Monastery in Aswan, the Saint Simeon Monastery in Aswan and the Saint Matthew the Potter Monastery in Luxor. This multi-stranded investigation has provided us with important information about the physical structure of the paintings, grains dimensions, grain texture, pore media characterization which include the micro porosity, BET and TPV, surface rendering, and calculation of the points in the surface through calculations completed using MATLAB. CT scanning assisted in the investigation and analyses of image surface details, and helped to visualize hidden micro structures that would otherwise be inaccessible due to over painting.
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Abstract
This article explores current issues surrounding the impact of family veto for organ donation in the UK. A critical, reflective analysis of the theoretical, legal and ethical aspects aims to evaluate how the deceased’s explicit wish to donate may be revoked. Under current UK legislation and upon death, money and property are protected; however, the body is not. When investigating personal wishes, interests and decisions must be weighed against the moral legitimacy of the family veto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Cay
- Maidstone & Tunbridge Wells Hospitals Trust, Kent, UK
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Inberg A, Ashkenazi D, Cohen M, Iddan N, Cvikel D. Corrosion products and microstructure of copper alloy coins from the Byzantine-period Ma'agan Mikhael B shipwreck, Israel. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ceccarelli S, Guarneri M, Ferri de Collibus M, Francucci M, Ciaffi M, Danielis A. Laser Scanners for High-Quality 3D and IR Imaging in Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Documentation. J Imaging 2018; 4:130. [DOI: 10.3390/jimaging4110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital tools as 3D (three-dimensional) modelling and imaging techniques are having an increasing role in many applicative fields, thanks to some significative features, such as their powerful communicative capacity, versatility of the results and non-invasiveness. These properties are very important in cultural heritage, and modern methodologies provide an efficient means for analyzing deeply and virtually rendering artworks without contact or damage. In this paper, we present two laser scanner prototypes based on the Imaging Topological Radar (ITR) technology developed at the ENEA Research Center of Frascati (RM, Italy) to obtain 3D models and IR images of medium/large targets with the use of laser sources without the need for scaffolding and independently from illumination conditions. The RGB-ITR (Red Green Blue-ITR) scanner employs three wavelengths in the visible range for three-dimensional color digitalization up to 30 m, while the IR-ITR (Infrared-ITR) system allows for layering inspection using one IR source for analyses. The functionalities and operability of the two systems are presented by showing the results of several case studies and laboratory tests.
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Abstract
Digitisation allows scientists rapid access to research objects. For transparent to semi-transparent three-dimensional microscopic objects, such as microinvertebrates or small body parts of organisms, available databases are scarce. Most mounting media used for permanent microscope slides deteriorate after some years or decades, eventually leading to total damage and loss of the object. However, restoration is labour-intensive, and often the composition of the mounting media is not known. A digital preservation of important material, especially types, is important and an urgent need. The Virtual Microscope Slide Collection – VIRMISCO project has developed recommendations for taking microscopic image stacks of three-dimensional objects, depositing and presenting such series of digital image files or z-stacks as an online platform. The core of VIRMISCO is an online viewer, which enables the user to virtually focus through an object online as if using a real microscope. Additionally, VIRMISCO offers features such as search, rotating, zooming, measuring, changing brightness or contrast, taking snapshots, leaving feedback as well as downloading complete z-stacks as jpeg files or video file. The open source system can be installed by any institution and can be linked to common database or images can be sent to the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz. The benefits of VIRMISCO are the preservation of important or fragile material, to avoid loan, to act as a digital archive for image files and to allow determination by experts from the distance, as well as providing reference libraries for taxonomic research or education and providing image series as online supplementary material for publications or digital vouchers of specimens of molecular investigations are relevant applications for VIRMISCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Decker
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Axel Christian
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
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Pintus A, Aragoni MC, Carcangiu G, Giacopetti L, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Maiore L, Meloni P, Arca M. Density functional theory modelling of protective agents for carbonate stones: a case study of oxalate and oxamate inorganic salts. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations allowed investigating the ability of oxalate monoesters and monoamides salts to act as protective agents for carbonate stones, such as marble or limestones, of historical interest in the field of cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari)
- Italy
| | - M. Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari)
- Italy
| | - Gianfranco Carcangiu
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC) UOS di Cagliari c/o Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari)
- Italy
| | - Laura Giacopetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari)
- Italy
| | - Francesco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari)
- Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari)
- Italy
| | - Laura Maiore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | - Paola Meloni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica
- Chimica e dei Materiali
- 09123 Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari)
- Italy
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Abstract
Taxonomy is the discipline responsible for charting the world’s organismic diversity, understanding ancestor/descendant relationships, and organizing all species according to a unified taxonomic classification system. Taxonomists document the attributes (characters) of organisms, with emphasis on those can be used to distinguish species from each other. Character information is compiled in the scientific literature as text, tables, and images. The information is presented according to conventions that vary among taxonomic domains; such conventions facilitate comparison among similar species, even when descriptions are published by different authors.
There is considerable uncertainty within the taxonomic community as to how to re-use images that were included in taxonomic publications, especially in regard to whether copyright applies. This article deals with the principles and application of copyright law, database protection, and protection against unfair competition, as applied to images. We conclude that copyright does not apply to most images in taxonomic literature because they are presented in a standardized way and lack the individuality that is required to qualify as ‘copyrightable works’. There are exceptions, such as wildlife photographs, drawings and artwork produced in a distinctive individual form and intended for other than comparative purposes (such as visual art). Further exceptions may apply to collections of images that qualify as a database in the sense of European database protection law. In a few European countries, there is legal protection for photographs that do not qualify as works in the usual sense of copyright. It follows that most images found in taxonomic literature can be re-used for research or many other purposes without seeking permission, regardless of any copyright declaration. In observance of ethical and scholarly standards, re-users are expected to cite the author and original source of any image that they use.
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Caggiani M, Cosentino A, Mangone A. Pigments Checker version 3.0, a handy set for conservation scientists: A free online Raman spectra database. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
In this article, Dominique Poulot provides a historical overview of the notion of intangible cultural heritage and its relationship to museum studies in France. He brings the study up to the present day to examine the current impact of intangible cultural heritage on the museums. Since 2006, when France signed the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, intangible cultural heritage has emerged as an issue of current concern. In the museum world, various institutional intermediaries are being used in order to educate curators about intangible heritage, by way of ICOM France, for example. At the same time, the Mission du patrimoine ethnologique (Ethnological Heritage Mission, or MPE) has initiated a collective reflection concerning the new categories and new framework of activities for intangible cultural heritage issues only very recently considered “ethnological” in nature. Hence intangible heritage would seem to be on the agenda of various state administration bodies according to a top-down process characteristic of the centralized tradition of French museum and heritage organizations. The situation has apparently become even more propitious in this regard since a certain number of recent events have served to highlight the fact that the opposition between the notion of ever-changing social space dear to anthropologists and the enclosure of objects conserved at the museum dear to tangible-culture specialists has become a thing of the past.
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Gough J, Jones J, Cole K, Lett S, Iseger-Pilkington G, Lythberg B, Walklate J, Nault J, Homiak J, Bell JA, Barrett N. Meetings Reports and Project Reports. Museum Worlds 2016. [DOI: 10.3167/armw.2016.040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Maiore L, Aragoni MC, Carcangiu G, Cocco O, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Meloni P, Murru A, Slawin AMZ, Tuveri E, Woollins JD, Arca M. Oxamate salts as novel agents for the restoration of marble and limestone substrates: case study of ammonium N-phenyloxamate. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02505b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of calcareous stone substrates, such as weathered marble and biomicritic limestone, with ammonium N-phenyloxamate results in the deposition of the corresponding monohydrated calcium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Carcangiu
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC)
- UOS di Cagliari c/o Dipartimento di Fisica
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Ombretta Cocco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale e Architettura
- 09123 Cagliari
- Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Meloni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica
- Chimica e dei Materiali
- 09123 Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Arianna Murru
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile
- Ambientale e Architettura
- 09123 Cagliari
- Italy
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Hudson LN, Blagoderov V, Heaton A, Holtzhausen P, Livermore L, Price BW, van der Walt S, Smith VS. Inselect: Automating the Digitization of Natural History Collections. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143402. [PMID: 26599208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s natural history collections constitute an enormous evidence base for scientific research on the natural world. To facilitate these studies and improve access to collections, many organisations are embarking on major programmes of digitization. This requires automated approaches to mass-digitization that support rapid imaging of specimens and associated data capture, in order to process the tens of millions of specimens common to most natural history collections. In this paper we present Inselect—a modular, easy-to-use, cross-platform suite of open-source software tools that supports the semi-automated processing of specimen images generated by natural history digitization programmes. The software is made up of a Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux desktop application, together with command-line tools that are designed for unattended operation on batches of images. Blending image visualisation algorithms that automatically recognise specimens together with workflows to support post-processing tasks such as barcode reading, label transcription and metadata capture, Inselect fills a critical gap to increase the rate of specimen digitization.
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Maiore L, Aragoni MC, Carcangiu G, Cocco O, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Meloni P, Murru A, Tuveri E, Arca M. Synthesis, characterization and DFT-modeling of novel agents for the protection and restoration of historical calcareous stone substrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 448:320-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gadd GM, Bahri-esfahani J, Li Q, Rhee YJ, Wei Z, Fomina M, Liang X. Oxalate production by fungi: significance in geomycology, biodeterioration and bioremediation. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2014; 28:36-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Salem N, Abdul-Wahab S, Ali S. Environmental Assessment in Manuscripts Library and Storages of Semi-Active Record at Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Knowledge Management 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/ijkm.2013070105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Indoor environmental factors have been associated with deterioration of vital library and archival assets. The assessment of environmental factors affecting the library and document collections due to their inappropriate levels was the main objective of current study. In order to fulfill this objective the measurements of indoor environmental parameters were taken in manuscripts library and documents storage buildings of various Ministries of Sultanate of Oman. The measured values of these parameters were compared with the permitted values defined in various international standards/guidelines. The results of the study showed that the observed levels of environmental factors inside these buildings were not within the stipulated limits. The quality of indoor air at the studied locations was not appropriate for long term protection and preservation of their precious collections. Hence some preventive measures must be taken to safeguard these documentary assets. Practical implications - The indoor environments of library and archival collection buildings are very important for the protection and preservation of documentary assets. The study provides very useful information about the harmful indoor environmental factors and their effects on vital library and archival collections. This work would definitely help the concerning authorities to take remedial measures to control the inappropriate levels of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Salem
- Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Sappurd Ali
- National Engineering and Scientific Commission (NESCOM), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
La signature de la convention du Patrimoine culturel immatériel par la France en 2006, ouvre, aux yeux d’une large partie de la communauté de l’ethnologie française, une nouvelle période de l’histoire du patrimoine français. Pour certains, il s’agit d’une remise en cause radicale des valeurs traditionnelles du patrimoine français et des politiques publiques, dominées par le monopole de la haute culture, et spécifiquement des beaux-arts. Pour d’autres, il s’agit au moins d’un champ de possibles qui s’ouvre pour la discipline et sa reconnaissance. La mise en perspective historique de cette décision passe par un retour sur les conditions et les limites de l’institutionnalisation du patrimoine ethnologique au cours des « années patrimoine », soit la décennie 1980. Deux enjeux se dessinent au terme de ces vingt années. Un premier, muséologique et muséographique, découle directement de la crise persistante et toujours non résolue des collections d’objets ethnologiques, de leur exposition et de leur rapport à la science. Le second tient aux rapports entre des projets d’identité territoriale, ou « territoires de projet », dont le nombre va croissant depuis la loi de 1995 et surtout 1998-2000, dans le cadre de l’aménagement du territoire national et des multiples tentatives de redécoupage décentralisateur, et l’affirmation continue d’un patrimoine in situ, inscrit dans un espace dont il tire sa légitimité et qu’il légitime à son tour. Sous ces deux points de vue, l’immatériel pose un défi dont les institutions du Ministère de la Culture et les acteurs locaux sont en train de prendre la mesure.
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Abstract
Atmospheric pollution and weathering of stone surfaces in urban historic buildings frequently results in disfigurement or damage by salt crust formation (often gypsum), presenting opportunities for bioremediation using microorganisms. Conventional techniques for the removal of these salt crusts from stone have several disadvantages: they can cause colour changes; adversely affect the movement of salts within the stone structure; or remove excessive amounts of the original surface. Although microorganisms are commonly associated with detrimental effects to the integrity of stone structures, there is growing evidence that they can be used to treat this type of stone deterioration in objects of historical and cultural significance. In particular, the ability and potential of different microorganisms to either remove sulfate crusts or form sacrificial layers of calcite that consolidate mineral surfaces have been demonstrated. Current research suggests that bioremediation has the potential to offer an additional technology to conservators working to restore stone surfaces in heritage buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Webster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, Hampshire, UK
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