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Pham DL, Gillette AA, Riendeau J, Wiech K, Guzman EC, Datta R, Skala MC. Perspectives on label-free microscopy of heterogeneous and dynamic biological systems. J Biomed Opt 2025; 29:S22702. [PMID: 38434231 PMCID: PMC10903072 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Significance Advancements in label-free microscopy could provide real-time, non-invasive imaging with unique sources of contrast and automated standardized analysis to characterize heterogeneous and dynamic biological processes. These tools would overcome challenges with widely used methods that are destructive (e.g., histology, flow cytometry) or lack cellular resolution (e.g., plate-based assays, whole animal bioluminescence imaging). Aim This perspective aims to (1) justify the need for label-free microscopy to track heterogeneous cellular functions over time and space within unperturbed systems and (2) recommend improvements regarding instrumentation, image analysis, and image interpretation to address these needs. Approach Three key research areas (cancer research, autoimmune disease, and tissue and cell engineering) are considered to support the need for label-free microscopy to characterize heterogeneity and dynamics within biological systems. Based on the strengths (e.g., multiple sources of molecular contrast, non-invasive monitoring) and weaknesses (e.g., imaging depth, image interpretation) of several label-free microscopy modalities, improvements for future imaging systems are recommended. Conclusion Improvements in instrumentation including strategies that increase resolution and imaging speed, standardization and centralization of image analysis tools, and robust data validation and interpretation will expand the applications of label-free microscopy to study heterogeneous and dynamic biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L. Pham
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | | | - Kasia Wiech
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | | | - Rupsa Datta
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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2
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Bianco V, Valentino M, Pirone D, Miccio L, Memmolo P, Brancato V, Coppola L, Smaldone G, D’Aiuto M, Mossetti G, Salvatore M, Ferraro P. Classifying breast cancer and fibroadenoma tissue biopsies from paraffined stain-free slides by fractal biomarkers in Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 24:225-236. [PMID: 38572166 PMCID: PMC10990711 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most spread and monitored pathologies in high-income countries. After breast biopsy, histological tissue is stored in paraffin, sectioned and mounted. Conventional inspection of tissue slides under benchtop light microscopes involves paraffin removal and staining, typically with H&E. Then, expert pathologists are called to judge the stained slides. However, paraffin removal and staining are operator-dependent, time and resources consuming processes that can generate ambiguities due to non-uniform staining. Here we propose a novel method that can work directly on paraffined stain-free slides. We use Fourier Ptychography as a quantitative phase-contrast microscopy method, which allows accessing a very wide field of view (i.e., mm2) in one single image while guaranteeing high lateral resolution (i.e., 0.5 µm). This imaging method is multi-scale, since it enables looking at the big picture, i.e. the complex tissue structure and connections, with the possibility to zoom-in up to the single-cell level. To handle this informative image content, we introduce elements of fractal geometry as multi-scale analysis method. We show the effectiveness of fractal features in describing and classifying fibroadenoma and breast cancer tissue slides from ten patients with very high accuracy. We reach 94.0 ± 4.2% test accuracy in classifying single images. Above all, we show that combining the decisions of the single images, each patient's slide can be classified with no error. Besides, fractal geometry returns a guide map to help pathologist to judge the different tissue portions based on the likelihood these can be associated to a breast cancer or fibroadenoma biomarker. The proposed automatic method could significantly simplify the steps of tissue analysis and make it independent from the sample preparation, the skills of the lab operator and the pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Bianco
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marika Valentino
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
- DIETI, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Pirone
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Coppola
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, Napoli 80143, Italy
| | | | | | - Gennaro Mossetti
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Casa di Cura Maria Rosaria, Via Colle San Bartolomeo 50, 80045 Pompei, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
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Amitonova LV. Multimode fiber endoscopes for computational brain imaging. Neurophotonics 2024; 11:S11509. [PMID: 38450327 PMCID: PMC10917391 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Advances in imaging tools have always been a pivotal driver for new discoveries in neuroscience. An ability to visualize neurons and subcellular structures deep within the brain of a freely behaving animal is integral to our understanding of the relationship between neural activity and higher cognitive functions. However, fast high-resolution imaging is limited to sub-surface brain regions and generally requires head fixation of the animal under the microscope. Developing new approaches to address these challenges is critical. The last decades have seen rapid progress in minimally invasive endo-microscopy techniques based on bare optical fibers. A single multimode fiber can be used to penetrate deep into the brain without causing significant damage to the overlying structures and provide high-resolution imaging. Here, we discuss how the full potential of high-speed super-resolution fiber endoscopy can be realized by a holistic approach that combines fiber optics, light shaping, and advanced computational algorithms. The recent progress opens up new avenues for minimally invasive deep brain studies in freely behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov V. Amitonova
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Karpova A, Aly AAA, Marosi EL, Mikulovic S. Fiber-based in vivo imaging: unveiling avenues for exploring mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and neuronal adaptations underlying behavior. Neurophotonics 2024; 11:S11507. [PMID: 38390518 PMCID: PMC10883581 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, various subfields within neuroscience, spanning molecular, cellular, and systemic dimensions, have significantly advanced our understanding of the elaborate molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin learning, memory, and adaptive behaviors. There have been notable advancements in imaging techniques, particularly in reaching superficial brain structures. This progress has led to their widespread adoption in numerous laboratories. However, essential physiological and cognitive processes, including sensory integration, emotional modulation of motivated behavior, motor regulation, learning, and memory consolidation, are intricately encoded within deeper brain structures. Hence, visualization techniques such as calcium imaging using miniscopes have gained popularity for studying brain activity in unrestrained animals. Despite its utility, miniscope technology is associated with substantial brain tissue damage caused by gradient refractive index lens implantation. Furthermore, its imaging capabilities are primarily confined to the neuronal somata level, thus constraining a comprehensive exploration of subcellular processes underlying adaptive behaviors. Consequently, the trajectory of neuroscience's future hinges on the development of minimally invasive optical fiber-based endo-microscopes optimized for cellular, subcellular, and molecular imaging within the intricate depths of the brain. In pursuit of this goal, select research groups have invested significant efforts in advancing this technology. In this review, we present a perspective on the potential impact of this innovation on various aspects of neuroscience, enabling the functional exploration of in vivo cellular and subcellular processes that underlie synaptic plasticity and the neuronal adaptations that govern behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karpova
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, RG Neuroplasticity, Magdeburg, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University, Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed A A Aly
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, RG Neuroplasticity, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Endre Levente Marosi
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, RG Cognition and Emotion, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sanja Mikulovic
- Otto von Guericke University, Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, RG Cognition and Emotion, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Magdeburg, Germany
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Du Y, Dylda E, Stibůrek M, Gomes AD, Turtaev S, Pakan JMP, Čižmár T. Advancing the path to in-vivo imaging in freely moving mice via multimode-multicore fiber based holographic endoscopy. Neurophotonics 2024; 11:S11506. [PMID: 38352728 PMCID: PMC10863504 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Significance Hair-thin multimode optical fiber-based holographic endoscopes have gained considerable interest in modern neuroscience for their ability to achieve cellular and even subcellular resolution during in-vivo deep brain imaging. However, the application of multimode fibers in freely moving animals presents a persistent challenge as it is difficult to maintain optimal imaging performance while the fiber undergoes deformations. Aim We propose a fiber solution for challenging in-vivo applications with the capability of deep brain high spatial resolution imaging and neuronal activity monitoring in anesthetized as well as awake behaving mice. Approach We used our previously developed M 3 CF multimode-multicore fiber to record fluorescently labeled neurons in anesthetized mice. Our M 3 CF exhibits a cascaded refractive index structure, enabling two distinct regimes of light transport that imitate either a multimode or a multicore fiber. The M 3 CF has been specifically designed for use in the initial phase of an in-vivo experiment, allowing for the navigation of the endoscope's distal end toward the targeted brain structure. The multicore regime enables the transfer of light to and from each individual neuron within the field of view. For chronic experiments in awake behaving mice, it is crucial to allow for disconnecting the fiber and the animal between experiments. Therefore, we provide here an effective solution and establish a protocol for reconnection of two segments of M 3 CF with hexagonally arranged corelets. Results We successfully utilized the M 3 CF to image neurons in anaesthetized transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. Additionally, we compared imaging results obtained with the M 3 CF with larger numerical aperture (NA) fibers in fixed whole-brain tissue. Conclusions This study focuses on addressing challenges and providing insights into the use of multimode-multicore fibers as imaging solutions for in-vivo applications. We suggest that the upcoming version of the M 3 CF increases the overall NA between the two cladding layers to allow for access to high resolution spatial imaging. As the NA increases in the multimode regime, the fiber diameter and ring structure must be reduced to minimize the computational burden and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Evelyn Dylda
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - André D Gomes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Janelle M. P. Pakan
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Čižmár
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of CAS, Brno, Czechia
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Applied Optics, Jena, Germany
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Ding P, Wahn H, Chen FD, Li J, Mu X, Stalmashonak A, Luo X, Lo GQ, Poon JKS, Sacher WD. Photonic neural probe enabled microendoscopes for light-sheet light-field computational fluorescence brain imaging. Neurophotonics 2024; 11:S11503. [PMID: 38322247 PMCID: PMC10846542 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Significance Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy is widely used for high-speed, high-contrast, volumetric imaging. Application of this technique to in vivo brain imaging in non-transparent organisms has been limited by the geometric constraints of conventional light-sheet microscopes, which require orthogonal fluorescence excitation and collection objectives. We have recently demonstrated implantable photonic neural probes that emit addressable light sheets at depth in brain tissue, miniaturizing the excitation optics. Here, we propose a microendoscope consisting of a light-sheet neural probe packaged together with miniaturized fluorescence collection optics based on an image fiber bundle for lensless, light-field, computational fluorescence imaging. Aim Foundry-fabricated, silicon-based, light-sheet neural probes can be packaged together with commercially available image fiber bundles to form microendoscopes for light-sheet light-field fluorescence imaging at depth in brain tissue. Approach Prototype microendoscopes were developed using light-sheet neural probes with five addressable sheets and image fiber bundles. Fluorescence imaging with the microendoscopes was tested with fluorescent beads suspended in agarose and fixed mouse brain tissue. Results Volumetric light-sheet light-field fluorescence imaging was demonstrated using the microendoscopes. Increased imaging depth and enhanced reconstruction accuracy were observed relative to epi-illumination light-field imaging using only a fiber bundle. Conclusions Our work offers a solution toward volumetric fluorescence imaging of brain tissue with a compact size and high contrast. The proof-of-concept demonstrations herein illustrate the operating principles and methods of the imaging approach, providing a foundation for future investigations of photonic neural probe enabled microendoscopes for deep-brain fluorescence imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Ding
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes Wahn
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | - Fu-Der Chen
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xin Mu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Joyce K. S. Poon
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- University of Toronto, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wesley D. Sacher
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Xia F, Rimoli CV, Akemann W, Ventalon C, Bourdieu L, Gigan S, de Aguiar HB. Neurophotonics beyond the surface: unmasking the brain's complexity exploiting optical scattering. Neurophotonics 2024; 11:S11510. [PMID: 38617592 PMCID: PMC11014413 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The intricate nature of the brain necessitates the application of advanced probing techniques to comprehensively study and understand its working mechanisms. Neurophotonics offers minimally invasive methods to probe the brain using optics at cellular and even molecular levels. However, multiple challenges persist, especially concerning imaging depth, field of view, speed, and biocompatibility. A major hindrance to solving these challenges in optics is the scattering nature of the brain. This perspective highlights the potential of complex media optics, a specialized area of study focused on light propagation in materials with intricate heterogeneous optical properties, in advancing and improving neuronal readouts for structural imaging and optical recordings of neuronal activity. Key strategies include wavefront shaping techniques and computational imaging and sensing techniques that exploit scattering properties for enhanced performance. We discuss the potential merger of the two fields as well as potential challenges and perspectives toward longer term in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caio Vaz Rimoli
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Walther Akemann
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Cathie Ventalon
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bourdieu
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Hilton B. de Aguiar
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
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Mizuta K, Sato M. Multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits: techniques and biological insights into region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific functions. Neurophotonics 2024; 11:033406. [PMID: 38464393 PMCID: PMC10923542 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance The function of the hippocampus in behavior and cognition has long been studied primarily through electrophysiological recordings from freely moving rodents. However, the application of optical recording methods, particularly multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, in the last decade or two has dramatically advanced our understanding of hippocampal function. This article provides a comprehensive overview of techniques and biological findings obtained from multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits. Aim This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent technical advances in multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits and the accumulated biological knowledge gained through this technology. Approach First, we provide a brief overview of various techniques of multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus and discuss its advantages, drawbacks, and associated key innovations and practices. Then, we review a large body of findings obtained through multiphoton imaging by region (CA1 and dentate gyrus), cell type (pyramidal neurons, inhibitory interneurons, and glial cells), and cellular compartment (dendrite and axon). Results Multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus is primarily performed under head-fixed conditions and can reveal detailed mechanisms of circuit operation owing to its high spatial resolution and specificity. As the hippocampus lies deep below the cortex, its imaging requires elaborate methods. These include imaging cannula implantation, microendoscopy, and the use of long-wavelength light sources. Although many studies have focused on the dorsal CA1 pyramidal cells, studies of other local and inter-areal circuitry elements have also helped provide a more comprehensive picture of the information processing performed by the hippocampal circuits. Imaging of circuit function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorder has also contributed greatly to our understanding of their pathophysiology. Conclusions Multiphoton imaging has revealed much regarding region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific mechanisms in hippocampal function and dysfunction in health and disease. Future technological advances will allow further illustration of the operating principle of the hippocampal circuits via the large-scale, high-resolution, multimodal, and minimally invasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Mizuta
- RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropharmacology, Sapporo, Japan
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Iyer RR, Žurauskas M, Rao Y, Chaney EJ, Boppart SA. Bichromatic tetraphasic full-field optical coherence microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:S22704. [PMID: 38584966 PMCID: PMC10996847 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Significance Full-field optical coherence microscopy (FF-OCM) is a prevalent technique for backscattering and phase imaging with epi-detection. Traditional methods have two limitations: suboptimal utilization of functional information about the sample and complicated optical design with several moving parts for phase contrast. Aim We report an OCM setup capable of generating dynamic intensity, phase, and pseudo-spectroscopic contrast with single-shot full-field video-rate imaging called bichromatic tetraphasic (BiTe) full-field OCM with no moving parts. Approach BiTe OCM resourcefully uses the phase-shifting properties of anti-reflection (AR) coatings outside the rated bandwidths to create four unique phase shifts, which are detected with two emission filters for spectroscopic contrast. Results BiTe OCM overcomes the disadvantages of previous FF-OCM setup techniques by capturing both the intensity and phase profiles without any artifacts or speckle noise for imaging scattering samples in three-dimensional (3D). BiTe OCM also utilizes the raw data effectively to generate three complementary contrasts: intensity, phase, and color. We demonstrate BiTe OCM to observe cellular dynamics, image live, and moving micro-animals in 3D, capture the spectroscopic hemodynamics of scattering tissues along with dynamic intensity and phase profiles, and image the microstructure of fall foliage with two different colors. Conclusions BiTe OCM can maximize the information efficiency of FF-OCM while maintaining overall simplicity in design for quantitative, dynamic, and spectroscopic characterization of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishyashring R. Iyer
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Mantas Žurauskas
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Yug Rao
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, NIH/NIBIB P41 Center for Label-free Imaging and Multiscale Biophotonics (CLIMB), Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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10
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Liu Y, Uttam S. Perspective on quantitative phase imaging to improve precision cancer medicine. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:S22705. [PMID: 38584967 PMCID: PMC10996848 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s2.s22705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Significance Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) offers a label-free approach to non-invasively characterize cellular processes by exploiting their refractive index based intrinsic contrast. QPI captures this contrast by translating refractive index associated phase shifts into intensity-based quantifiable data with nanoscale sensitivity. It holds significant potential for advancing precision cancer medicine by providing quantitative characterization of the biophysical properties of cells and tissue in their natural states. Aim This perspective aims to discuss the potential of QPI to increase our understanding of cancer development and its response to therapeutics. It also explores new developments in QPI methods towards advancing personalized cancer therapy and early detection. Approach We begin by detailing the technical advancements of QPI, examining its implementations across transmission and reflection geometries and phase retrieval methods, both interferometric and non-interferometric. The focus then shifts to QPI's applications in cancer research, including dynamic cell mass imaging for drug response assessment, cancer risk stratification, and in-vivo tissue imaging. Results QPI has emerged as a crucial tool in precision cancer medicine, offering insights into tumor biology and treatment efficacy. Its sensitivity to detecting nanoscale changes holds promise for enhancing cancer diagnostics, risk assessment, and prognostication. The future of QPI is envisioned in its integration with artificial intelligence, morpho-dynamics, and spatial biology, broadening its impact in cancer research. Conclusions QPI presents significant potential in advancing precision cancer medicine and redefining our approach to cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Future directions include harnessing high-throughput dynamic imaging, 3D QPI for realistic tumor models, and combining artificial intelligence with multi-omics data to extend QPI's capabilities. As a result, QPI stands at the forefront of cancer research and clinical application in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Cancer Center at Illinois, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Pittsburgh, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shikhar Uttam
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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11
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Lu H, Zhu J, Chen J, Tao T, Shen Y, Zhou H. Synergetic surface enhancement of quantum dots-based electrochemiluminescence with photonic crystal light scattering and metal surface plasmon resonance for sensitive bioanalysis. Talanta 2024; 272:125773. [PMID: 38359720 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Noble metal nanostructures and photonic crystals (PhCs) have been widely investigated as substrates for constructing surface enhanced electrochemiluminescence (SE-ECL) biosensors. However, their applications are hindered by the limited enhancement intensity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and an incomplete mechanism for the photonic enhancement effect. Hence, developing a novel SE-ECL strategy with better signal enhanced capability and enriching our understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms for efficient bioanalysis is extremely urgent. Here, a synergistic SE-ECL strategy was developed for the sensitive determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA) protein. The randomly arranged polystyrene (r-PS) spheres and PS PhC arrays were applied to enhance the ECL emission of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) and the results suggested that the PhC arrays displayed superior intensity (0.22) than the r-PS interface (0.10). Au nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced onto the two kinds of surfaces and further boosted the ECL intensity. According to the ECL measurements, Au NPs modified at the r-PS surface exhibited only a slight increase (0.13), while the PhC arrays showed approximately 5-fold enhancement (0.92), benefiting from the synergistic enhancement. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation indicated that the ECL enhancement was ascribed to the coupled electromagnetic (EM) field at the surfaces of PS PhCs and Au NPs. The SE-ECL could achieve a detection range from 1 pg/mL to 1 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.41 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This study provides the first combination of PhC arrays and metal surface plasmon nanostructure for the synergetic enhancement of SE-ECL systems. It opens a new avenue for the rational design of advanced ECL biosensors and shows great perspective for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Junkai Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yizhong Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 23009, China.
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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12
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Hossain MS, Ebrahimi H, Ghosh R. Anisotropic plates with architected tendon network. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106505. [PMID: 38507996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We synthesize geometrically tailorable anisotropic plates by combining button shaped fish-scale like features on soft substrates, then lacing them with high-stiffness strings. This creates a new type of biomimetic architectured structure with multiple broken symmetries. First, the tendons and substrate together break the symmetry of the bending response between the concave and convex curvature. Next, the weave pattern of the tendons further breaks symmetry along the two directors of plates. The anisotropy is clearly evident in 3-point bending experiments. Motivated by these experiments and the need for design, we formulate an analytical energy-based model to quantify the anisotropic elasticity. The derived architecture-property relationships can be used to design architected tendon plates with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahjahan Hossain
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Ranajay Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America.
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13
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Meneghini G, Brem S, Malic E. Excitonic Thermalization Bottleneck in Twisted TMD Heterostructures. Nano Lett 2024; 24:4505-4511. [PMID: 38578047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals heterostructures show intriguing interface exciton physics, including hybridization effects and emergence of moiré potentials. Recent experiments have revealed that moiré-trapped excitons exhibit remarkable dynamics, where excited states show lifetimes that are several orders of magnitude longer than in monolayers. The origin of this behavior is still under debate. Based on a microscopic many-particle approach, we investigate the phonon-driven relaxation cascade of nonequilibrium moiré excitons in the exemplary MoSe2-WSe2 heterostructure. We track exciton relaxation pathways across different moiré mini-bands and identify the phonon-scattering channels assisting the spatial redistribution of excitons into low-energy pockets of the moiré potential. We unravel a phonon bottleneck in the flat band structure at low twist angles preventing excitons from fully thermalizing into the lowest state, explaining the measured enhanced emission intensity and lifetime of excited moiré excitons. Overall, our work provides important insights into exciton relaxation dynamics in flat-band exciton materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Meneghini
- Department of Physics, Philipps University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Brem
- Department of Physics, Philipps University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ermin Malic
- Department of Physics, Philipps University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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14
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Song S, Rahaman M, Jariwala D. Can 2D Semiconductors Be Game-Changers for Nanoelectronics and Photonics? ACS Nano 2024. [PMID: 38625032 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
2D semiconductors have interesting physical and chemical attributes that have led them to become one of the most intensely investigated semiconductor families in recent history. They may play a crucial role in the next technological revolution in electronics as well as optoelectronics or photonics. In this Perspective, we explore the fundamental principles and significant advancements in electronic and photonic devices comprising 2D semiconductors. We focus on strategies aimed at enhancing the performance of conventional devices and exploiting important properties of 2D semiconductors that allow fundamentally interesting device functionalities for future applications. Approaches for the realization of emerging logic transistors and memory devices as well as photovoltaics, photodetectors, electro-optical modulators, and nonlinear optics based on 2D semiconductors are discussed. We also provide a forward-looking perspective on critical remaining challenges and opportunities for basic science and technology level applications of 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunguk Song
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mahfujur Rahaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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15
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Song W, Zhuang Y, Yang Y, Xie D, Min C, Yuan X. Speckle Variance Photoacoustic Microscopy for Microhemodynamic Imaging. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38625680 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Relying on the strong optical absorption of hemoglobin to pulsed laser energy, photoacoustic microscopy provides morphological and functional information on microvasculature label-freely. Here, we propose speckle variance photoacoustic microscopy (SV-PAM), which harnesses intrinsic imaging contrast from temporal-varied photoacoustic signals of moving red blood cells in blood vessels, for recovering three-dimension hemodynamic images down to capillary-level resolution within the microcirculatory tissue beds in vivo. Calculating the speckle variance of consecutive photoacoustic B-scan frames acquired at the same lateral position enables accurate identification of blood perfusion and occlusion, which provides interpretations of dynamic blood flow in the microvasculature, in addition to the microvascular anatomic structures. We demonstrate high-resolution hemodynamic imaging of vascular occlusion and reperfusion in the microvasculature of mice ears in vivo. The results suggest that our SV-PAM is potentially invaluable for biomedical hemodynamic investigations, for example, imaging ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiyan Zhuang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Deyan Xie
- School of Science and Information Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Changjun Min
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
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16
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Dunnington EL, Wong BS, Fu D. Innovative Approaches for Drug Discovery: Quantifying Drug Distribution and Response with Raman Imaging. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38625100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Dunnington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Brian S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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17
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Hui Z, Wu A, Han D, Li T, Li L, Gong J, Li X. Switchable Single- to Multiwavelength Conventional Soliton and Bound-State Soliton Generated from a NbTe 2 Saturable Absorber-Based Passive Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38626408 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
As a member of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), NbTe2 has a work function of 5.32 eV and a band gap of 0 eV at the Fermi level, which enables it to possess broadband absorption characteristics and has huge potential in optoelectronic devices. In this work, a combination of liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) and optical deposition methods (ODMs) were used to fabricate a NbTe2 saturable absorber (SA). Based on the NbTe2 SA, a ring passive mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (PML-EDFL) was constructed by adding NbTe2 SA into the laser cavity. A switchable single- to multiwavelength (dual/triple/quadruple) conventional soliton (CS) and a bound-state soliton (BS) were observed for the first time. The results reveal that NbTe2 SA has excellent saturable absorption characteristics (modulation depth of 2.6%, saturation intensity of 177.4 MW/cm2, and unsaturated loss of 63.8%) and can suppress mode competition and stabilize multiwavelength oscillation. This study expands the applications of NbTe2 nanosheets in ultrafast optoelectronics. The proposed switchable PML-EDFL has extensive applications in high-capacity all-optical communication, high-sensitivity optical fiber sensing, high-precision spectral measurements, and high-energy-efficiency photon neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiang Hui
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Microwave Photonics and Optical Communication, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Aqian Wu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Dongdong Han
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Microwave Photonics and Optical Communication, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Microwave Photonics and Optical Communication, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Microwave Photonics and Optical Communication, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Jiamin Gong
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Microwave Photonics and Optical Communication, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Physics & Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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18
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Arduin A, Rishøj L, Laegsgaard J. Dispersive wave generation in single higher-order modes of a large-core silica step-index fiber with pulse energies up to 12 nJ. Opt Lett 2024; 49:2085-2088. [PMID: 38621082 DOI: 10.1364/ol.521173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The generation of light in a laser system is constrained by the gain medium, limiting the available wavelengths. We demonstrate in-fiber generation of ultrafast pulses between ∼550 and 800 nm via dispersive wave generation (DWG), in higher-order modes (HOMs). Using higher-order modes enables power scaling, due to their large effective area compared to the fundamental modes of single-mode fibers and dispersion engineering, even in simple step-index fibers. The process occurs in a single higher-order mode, which we excite using passive glass components (an axicon and two telescopes). The output pulses have energies up to 12 nJ at the biologically relevant wavelength of 705 nm.
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19
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Lee D, Shin W, Park S, Kim J, Shin H. NOON-state interference in the frequency domain. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:90. [PMID: 38622155 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The examination of entanglement across various degrees of freedom has been pivotal in augmenting our understanding of fundamental physics, extending to high dimensional quantum states, and promising the scalability of quantum technologies. In this paper, we demonstrate the photon number path entanglement in the frequency domain by implementing a frequency beam splitter that converts the single-photon frequency to another with 50% probability using Bragg scattering four-wave mixing. The two-photon NOON state in a single-mode fiber is generated in the frequency domain, manifesting the two-photon interference with two-fold enhanced resolution compared to that of single-photon interference, showing the outstanding stability of the interferometer. This successful translation of quantum states in the frequency domain will pave the way toward the discovery of fascinating quantum phenomena and scalable quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Woncheol Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sebae Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Junyeop Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Heedeuk Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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20
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La Cavera S, Chauhan VM, Hardiman W, Yao M, Fuentes-Domínguez R, Setchfield K, Abayzeed SA, Pérez-Cota F, Smith RJ, Clark M. Label-free Brillouin endo-microscopy for the quantitative 3D imaging of sub-micrometre biology. Commun Biol 2024; 7:451. [PMID: 38622287 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This report presents an optical fibre-based endo-microscopic imaging tool that simultaneously measures the topographic profile and 3D viscoelastic properties of biological specimens through the phenomenon of time-resolved Brillouin scattering. This uses the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the specimen as a contrast mechanism without fluorescent tags or photoacoustic contrast mechanisms. We demonstrate 2 μm lateral resolution and 320 nm axial resolution for the 3D imaging of biological cells and Caenorhabditis elegans larvae. This has enabled the first ever 3D stiffness imaging and characterisation of the C. elegans larva cuticle in-situ. A label-free, subcellular resolution, and endoscopic compatible technique that reveals structural biologically-relevant material properties of tissue could pave the way toward in-vivo elasticity-based diagnostics down to the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore La Cavera
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Veeren M Chauhan
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - William Hardiman
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mengting Yao
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rafael Fuentes-Domínguez
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kerry Setchfield
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Sidahmed A Abayzeed
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Fernando Pérez-Cota
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard J Smith
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matt Clark
- Optics and Photonics Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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21
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Xie Z, Zhao T, Yu X, Wang J. Nonlinear Optical Properties of 2D Materials and their Applications. Small 2024:e2311621. [PMID: 38618662 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are a subject of intense research in recent years owing to their exclusive photoelectric properties. With giant nonlinear susceptibility and perfect phase matching, 2D materials have marvelous nonlinear light-matter interactions. The nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials are of great significance to the design and analysis of applied materials and functional devices. Here, the fundamental of nonlinear optics (NLO) for 2D materials is introduced, and the methods for characterizing and measuring second-order and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental values of second-order susceptibility χ(2) and third-order susceptibility χ(3) are tabulated. Several applications and possible future research directions of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) for 2D materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xie
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuechao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Junjia Wang
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
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22
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Singh K, Wychowaniec JK, Edwards-Gayle CJC, Reynaud EG, Rodriguez BJ, Brougham DF. Structure-dynamics correlations in composite PF127-PEG-based hydrogels; cohesive/hydrophobic interactions determine phase and rheology and identify the role of micelle concentration in controlling 3D extrusion printability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:302-313. [PMID: 38244497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
A library of composite polymer networks (CPNs) were formed by combining Pluronic F127, as the primary gelator, with a range of di-acrylate functionalised PEG polymers, which tune the rheological properties and provide UV crosslinkability. A coarse-grained sol-gel room temperature phase diagram was constructed for the CPN library, which identifies PEG-dependent disruption of micelles as leading to liquefication. Small angle X-ray scattering and rheological measurements provide detailed insight into; (i) micelle-micelle ordering; (ii) micelle-micelle disruption, and; (iii) acrylate-micelle disruption; with contributions that depend on composition, including weak PEG chain length and end group effects. The influence of composition on 3D extrusion printability through modulation of the cohesive/hydrophobic interactions was assessed. It was found that only micelle content provides consistent changes in printing fidelity, controlled largely by printing conditions (pressure and feed rate). Finally, the hydrogels were shown to be UV photo-crosslinkable, which further improves fidelity and structural integrity, and usefully reduces the mesh size. Our results provide a guide for design of 3D-printable CPN inks for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krutika Singh
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jacek K Wychowaniec
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland.
| | | | - Emmanuel G Reynaud
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian J Rodriguez
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dermot F Brougham
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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23
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Chen R, Peng S, Xia Q, Wu T, Zheng J, Qin H, Qian J. Intravital observation of high-scattering and dense-labeling hepatic tissues using multi-photon fluorescence microscopy. J Biophotonics 2024:e202300477. [PMID: 38616104 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Achieving high-resolution and large-depth microscopic imaging in vivo under conditions characterized by high-scattering and dense-labeling, as commonly encountered in the liver, poses a formidable challenge. Here, through the optimization of multi-photon fluorescence excitation window, tailored to the unique optical properties of the liver, intravital microscopic imaging of hepatocytes and hepatic blood vessels with high spatial resolution was attained. It's worth noting that resolution degradation caused by tissue scattering of excitation light was mitigated by accounting for moderate tissue self-absorption. Leveraging high-quality multi-photon fluorescence microscopy, we discerned structural and functional alterations in hepatocytes during drug-induced acute liver failure. Furthermore, a reduction in indocyanine green metabolism rates associated with acute liver failure was observed using NIR-II fluorescence macroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiming Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Ibrahim KA, Naidu AS, Miljkovic H, Radenovic A, Yang W. Label-Free Techniques for Probing Biomolecular Condensates. ACS Nano 2024. [PMID: 38609349 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates play important roles in a wide array of fundamental biological processes, such as cellular compartmentalization, cellular regulation, and other biochemical reactions. Since their discovery and first observations, an extensive and expansive library of tools has been developed to investigate various aspects and properties, encompassing structural and compositional information, material properties, and their evolution throughout the life cycle from formation to eventual dissolution. This Review presents an overview of the expanded set of tools and methods that researchers use to probe the properties of biomolecular condensates across diverse scales of length, concentration, stiffness, and time. In particular, we review recent years' exciting development of label-free techniques and methodologies. We broadly organize the set of tools into 3 categories: (1) imaging-based techniques, such as transmitted-light microscopy (TLM) and Brillouin microscopy (BM), (2) force spectroscopy techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the optical tweezer (OT), and (3) microfluidic platforms and emerging technologies. We point out the tools' key opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives and analyze their correlative potential as well as compatibility with other techniques. Additionally, we review emerging techniques, namely, differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) and interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT), that have huge potential for future applications in studying biomolecular condensates. Finally, we highlight how some of these techniques can be translated for diagnostics and therapy purposes. We hope this Review serves as a useful guide for new researchers in this field and aids in advancing the development of new biophysical tools to study biomolecular condensates.
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Xue X, Hao Q, Chen M. Very long wave infrared quantum dot photodetector up to 18 μm. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:89. [PMID: 38609412 PMCID: PMC11014860 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are of interest for optoelectronic devices because of the possibility of high-throughput solution processing and the wide energy gap tunability from ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths. People may question about the upper limit on the CQD wavelength region. To date, although the CQD absorption already reaches terahertz, the practical photodetection wavelength is limited within mid-wave infrared. To figure out challenges on CQD photoresponse in longer wavelength, would reveal the ultimate property on these nanomaterials. What's more, it motivates interest in bottom-up infrared photodetection with less than 10% cost compared with epitaxial growth semiconductor bulk. In this work, developing a re-growth method and ionic doping modification, we demonstrate photodetection up to 18 μm wavelength on HgTe CQD. At liquid nitrogen temperature, the responsivity reaches 0.3 A/W and 0.13 A/W, with specific detectivity 6.6 × 108 Jones and 2.3 × 109 Jones for 18 μm and 10 μm CQD photoconductors, respectively. This work is a step toward answering the general question on the CQD photodetection wavelength limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Xue
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics, Fuyang, Hangzhou, 311421, China
| | - Qun Hao
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Physics Department, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Menglu Chen
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics, Fuyang, Hangzhou, 311421, China.
- Physics Department, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.
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26
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhang F. Noninvasive in vivo microscopy of single neutrophils in the mouse brain via NIR-II fluorescent nanomaterials. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00983-3. [PMID: 38605264 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In vivo microscopy of single cells enables following pathological changes in tissues, revealing signaling networks and cell interactions critical to disease progression. However, conventional intravital microscopy at visible and near-infrared wavelengths <900 nm (NIR-I) suffers from attenuation and is typically performed following the surgical creation of an imaging window. Such surgical procedures cause the alteration of the local vasculature and induce inflammation in skin, muscle and skull, inevitably altering the microenvironment in the imaging area. Here, we detail the use of near-infrared fluorescence (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) for in vivo microscopy to circumvent attenuation in living tissues. This approach enables the noninvasive visualization of cell migration in deep tissues by labeling specific cells with NIR-II lanthanide downshifting nanoparticles exhibiting high physicochemical stability and photostability. We further developed a NIR-II fluorescence microscopy setup for in vivo imaging through the intact skull with high spatiotemporal resolution, which we use for the real-time dynamic visualization of single-neutrophil behavior in the deep brain of a mouse model of ischemic stroke. The labeled downshifting nanoparticle synthesis takes 5-6 d, the imaging system setup takes 1-2 h, the in vivo cell labeling takes 1-3 h, the in vivo NIR-II microscopic imaging takes 3-5 h and the data analysis takes 3-8 h. The procedures can be performed by users with standard laboratory training in nanomaterials research and appropriate animal handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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F Shida J, Ma K, Toll HW, Salinas O, Ma X, Peng CS. Multicolor Long-Term Single-Particle Tracking Using 10 nm Upconverting Nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2024; 24:4194-4201. [PMID: 38497588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Single-particle tracking (SPT) is a powerful technique to unveil molecular behaviors crucial to the understanding of many biological processes, but it is limited by factors such as probe photostability and spectral orthogonality. To overcome these limitations, we develop upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), which are photostable over several hours at the single-particle level, enabling long-term multicolor SPT. We investigate the brightness of core-shell UCNPs as a function of inert shell thickness to minimize particle size while maintaining sufficient signal for SPT. We explore different rare-earth dopants to optimize for the brightest probes and find that UCNPs doped with 2% Tm3+/30% Yb3+, 10% Er3+/90% Yb3+, and 15% Tm3+/85% Yb3+ represent the optimal probes for blue, green, and near-infrared emission, respectively. The multiplexed 10 nm probes enable three-color single-particle tracking on live HeLa cells for tens of minutes using a single, near-infrared excitation source. These photostable and multiplexed probes open new avenues for numerous biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F Shida
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kaibo Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Harrison W Toll
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Omar Salinas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chunte Sam Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Zhao S, Huang X, Gillen R, Li Z, Liu S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Maultzsch J, Hone J, Högele A, Baimuratov AS. Hybrid Moiré Excitons and Trions in Twisted MoTe 2-MoSe 2 Heterobilayers. Nano Lett 2024. [PMID: 38597670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
We report experimental and theoretical studies of MoTe2-MoSe2 heterobilayers with rigid moiré superlattices controlled by the twist angle. Using an effective continuum model that combines resonant interlayer electron tunneling with stacking-dependent moiré potentials, we identify the nature of moiré excitons and the dependence of their energies, oscillator strengths, and Landé g-factors on the twist angle. Within the same framework, we interpret distinct signatures of bound complexes among electrons and moiré excitons in nearly collinear heterostacks. Our work provides a fundamental understanding of hybrid moiré excitons and trions in MoTe2-MoSe2 heterobilayers and establishes the material system as a prime candidate for optical studies of correlated phenomena in moiré lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhao
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Xin Huang
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Roland Gillen
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhijie Li
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan and
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Anvar S Baimuratov
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
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29
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Fujii S, Fang N, Yamashita D, Kozawa D, Fong CF, Kato YK. van der Waals Decoration of Ultra-High- Q Silica Microcavities for χ (2)-χ (3) Hybrid Nonlinear Photonics. Nano Lett 2024; 24:4209-4216. [PMID: 38557205 PMCID: PMC11010230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Optical nonlinear processes are indispensable in a wide range of applications, including ultrafast lasers, microscopy, and quantum information technologies. Among the diverse nonlinear processes, second-order effects usually overwhelm the higher-order ones, except in centrosymmetric systems, where the second-order susceptibility vanishes to allow the use of the third-order nonlinearity. Here we demonstrate a hybrid photonic platform whereby the balance between second- and third-order susceptibilities can be tuned flexibly. By decorating ultra-high-Q silica microcavities with atomically thin tungsten diselenide, we observe cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation with continuous-wave excitation at a power level of only a few hundred microwatts. We show that the coexistence of second- and third-order nonlinearities in a single device can be achieved by carefully choosing the size and location of the two-dimensional material. Our approach can be generalized to other types of cavities, unlocking the potential of hybrid systems with controlled nonlinear susceptibilities for novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Fujii
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nan Fang
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamashita
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Platform
Photonics Research Center, National Institute
of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Daichi Kozawa
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Research
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Chee Fai Fong
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuichiro K. Kato
- Quantum
Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Nanoscale
Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster
for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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30
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Swamy MMM, Murai Y, Monde K, Tsuboi S, Swamy AK, Jin T. Biocompatible and Water-Soluble Shortwave-Infrared (SWIR)-Emitting Cyanine-Based Fluorescent Probes for In Vivo Multiplexed Molecular Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:17253-17266. [PMID: 38557012 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Extending molecular imaging into the shortwave-infrared (SWIR, 900-1400 nm) region provides deep tissue visualization of biomolecules in the living system resulting from the low tissue autofluorescence and scattering. Looking at the Food and Drug Administration-approved and clinical trial near-infrared (NIR) probes, only indocyanine green (ICG) and its analogues have been approved for biomedical applications. Excitation wavelength less than 800 nm limits these probes from deep tissue penetration and noninvasive fluorescence imaging. Herein, we present the synthesis of ICG-based π-conjugation-extended cyanine dyes, ICG-C9 and ICG-C11 as biocompatible, and water-soluble SWIR-emitting probes with emission wavelengths of 922 and 1010 nm in water, respectively. Also, ICG-, ICG-C9-, and ICG-C11-based fluorescent labeling agents have been synthesized for the development of SWIR molecular imaging probes. Using the fluorescence of ICG, ICG-C9, and ICG-C11, we demonstrate three-color SWIR fluorescence imaging of breast tumors by visualizing surface receptors (EGFR and HER2) and tumor vasculature in living mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate two-color SWIR fluorescence imaging of breast tumor apoptosis using an ICG-conjugated anticancer drug, Kadcyla and ICG-C9 or ICG-C11-conjugated annexin V. Finally, we show long-term (38 days) SWIR fluorescence imaging of breast tumor shrinkage induced by Kadcyla. This study provides a general strategy for multiplexed fluorescence molecular imaging with biocompatible and water-soluble SWIR-emitting cyanine probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadeva M M Swamy
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuta Murai
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Setsuko Tsuboi
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Aravind K Swamy
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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31
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Kariman BS, Diaspro A, Bianchini P. Numerical study of transient absorption saturation in single-layer graphene for optical nanoscopy applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8392. [PMID: 38600103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient absorption, or pump-probe microscopy is an absorption-based technique that can explore samples ultrafast dynamic properties and provide fluorescence-free contrast mechanisms. When applied to graphene and its derivatives, this technique exploits the graphene transient response caused by the ultrafast interband transition as the imaging contrast mechanism. The saturation of this transition is fundamental to allow for super-resolution optical far-field imaging, following the reversible saturable optical fluorescence transitions (RESOLFT) concept, although not involving fluorescence. With this aim, we propose a model to numerically compute the temporal evolution under saturation conditions of the single-layer graphene molecular states, which are involved in the transient absorption. Exploiting an algorithm based on the fourth order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method, and the density matrix approach, we numerically demonstrate that the transient absorption signal of single-layer graphene varies linearly as a function of excitation intensity until it reaches saturation. We experimentally verify this model using a custom pump-probe super-resolution microscope. The results define the intensities necessary to achieve super-resolution in a pump-probe nanoscope while studying graphene-based materials and open the possibility of predicting such a saturation process in other light-matter interactions that undergo the same transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjat S Kariman
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Center for Human Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Center for Human Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Center for Human Technology, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Liang J, Zhu J. A sustainable metasurface for smart food labelling. Nat Food 2024:10.1038/s43016-024-00964-5. [PMID: 38594509 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
- School of Sustainable Energy and Resources, Nanjing University, Suzhou, P.R. China.
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33
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Yu X, Weeber JC, Markey L, Arocas J, Bouhelier A, Leray A, Colas des Francs G. Nano antenna-assisted quantum dots emission into high-index planar waveguide. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:265201. [PMID: 38522099 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Integrated quantum photonic circuits require the efficient coupling of photon sources to photonic waveguides. Hybrid plasmonic/photonic platforms are a promising approach, taking advantage of both plasmon modal confinement for efficient coupling to a nearby emitter and photonic circuitry for optical data transfer and processing. In this work, we established directional quantum dot (QD) emission coupling to a planar TiO2waveguide assisted by a Yagi-Uda antenna. Antenna on waveguide is first designed by scaling radio frequency dimensions to nano-optics, taking into account the hybrid plasmonic/photonic platform. Design is then optimized by full numerical simulations. We fabricate the antenna on a TiO2planar waveguide and deposit a few QDs close to the Yagi-Uda antenna. The optical characterization shows clear directional coupling originating from antenna effect. We estimate the coupling efficiency and directivity of the light emitted into the waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yu
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - J-C Weeber
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - L Markey
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - J Arocas
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - A Bouhelier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - A Leray
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
| | - G Colas des Francs
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
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34
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Luo YH, Shi B, Sun W, Chen R, Huang S, Wang Z, Long J, Shen C, Ye Z, Guo H, Liu J. A wideband, high-resolution vector spectrum analyzer for integrated photonics. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:83. [PMID: 38584167 PMCID: PMC10999422 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of optical spectra-emission or absorption-has been arguably the most powerful approach for discovering and understanding matter. The invention and development of many kinds of spectrometers have equipped us with versatile yet ultra-sensitive diagnostic tools for trace gas detection, isotope analysis, and resolving hyperfine structures of atoms and molecules. With proliferating data and information, urgent and demanding requirements have been placed today on spectrum analysis with ever-increasing spectral bandwidth and frequency resolution. These requirements are especially stringent for broadband laser sources that carry massive information and for dispersive devices used in information processing systems. In addition, spectrum analyzers are expected to probe the device's phase response where extra information is encoded. Here we demonstrate a novel vector spectrum analyzer (VSA) that is capable of characterizing passive devices and active laser sources in one setup. Such a dual-mode VSA can measure loss, phase response, and dispersion properties of passive devices. It also can coherently map a broadband laser spectrum into the RF domain. The VSA features a bandwidth of 55.1 THz (1260-1640 nm), a frequency resolution of 471 kHz, and a dynamic range of 56 dB. Meanwhile, our fiber-based VSA is compact and robust. It requires neither high-speed modulators and photodetectors nor any active feedback control. Finally, we employ our VSA for applications including characterization of integrated dispersive waveguides, mapping frequency comb spectra, and coherent light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Our VSA presents an innovative approach for device analysis and laser spectroscopy, and can play a critical role in future photonic systems and applications for sensing, communication, imaging, and quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Luo
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoqi Shi
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Sun
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruiyang Chen
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sanli Huang
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 230088, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinbao Long
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Shen
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhichao Ye
- Qaleido Photonics, 518048, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hairun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- International Quantum Academy, 518048, Shenzhen, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 230088, Hefei, China.
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Shibukawa A, Higuchi R, Song G, Mikami H, Sudo Y, Jang M. Large-volume focus control at 10 MHz refresh rate via fast line-scanning amplitude-encoded scattering-assisted holography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2926. [PMID: 38589389 PMCID: PMC11001868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The capability of focus control has been central to optical technologies that require both high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, existing varifocal lens schemes are commonly limited to the response time on the microsecond timescale and share the fundamental trade-off between the response time and the tuning power. Here, we propose an ultrafast holographic focusing method enabled by translating the speed of a fast 1D beam scanner into the speed of the complex wavefront modulation of a relatively slow 2D spatial light modulator. Using a pair of a digital micromirror device and a resonant scanner, we demonstrate an unprecedented refresh rate of focus control of 31 MHz, which is more than 1,000 times faster than the switching rate of a digital micromirror device. We also show that multiple micrometer-sized focal spots can be independently addressed in a range of over 1 MHz within a large volume of 5 mm × 5 mm × 5.5 mm, validating the superior spatiotemporal characteristics of the proposed technique - high temporal and spatial precision, high tuning power, and random accessibility in a three-dimensional space. The demonstrated scheme offers a new route towards three-dimensional light manipulation in the 100 MHz regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shibukawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Gookho Song
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hideharu Mikami
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Mooseok Jang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Smetana J, Yan T, Boyer V, Martynov D. A High-Finesse Suspended Interferometric Sensor for Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics with Femtometre Sensitivity. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2375. [PMID: 38610586 PMCID: PMC11014406 DOI: 10.3390/s24072375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We present an interferometric sensor for investigating macroscopic quantum mechanics on a table-top scale. The sensor consists of a pair of suspended optical cavities with finesse over 350,000 comprising 10 g fused silica mirrors. The interferometer is suspended by a four-stage, light, in-vacuum suspension with three common stages, which allows for us to suppress common-mode motion at low frequency. The seismic noise is further suppressed by an active isolation scheme, which reduces the input motion to the suspension point by up to an order of magnitude starting from 0.7 Hz. In the current room-temperature operation, we achieve a peak sensitivity of 0.5 fm/Hz in the acoustic frequency band, limited by a combination of readout noise and suspension thermal noise. Additional improvements of the readout electronics and suspension parameters will enable us to reach the quantum radiation pressure noise. Such a sensor can eventually be utilized for demonstrating macroscopic entanglement and for testing semi-classical and quantum gravity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Smetana
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.Y.)
| | - Tianliang Yan
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.Y.)
| | - Vincent Boyer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Denis Martynov
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (T.Y.)
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Zhang K, Sun L, Zhang W, Cao M, Ma X, Yu BY, Xu H, Zheng X, Tian J. Discovery of Natural Products Alleviating Renal Fibrosis with a Viscosity-Responsive Molecular Probe. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38588440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis poses a significant threat to individuals suffering from chronic progressive kidney disease. Given the absence of effective medications for treating renal fibrosis, it becomes crucial to assess the extent of fibrosis in real time and explore the development of novel drugs with substantial therapeutic benefits. Due to the accumulation of renal tissue damage and the uncontrolled deposition of fibrotic matrix during the course of the disease, there is an increase in viscosity both intracellularly and extracellularly. Therefore, a viscosity-sensitive near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging probe, BDP-KY, was developed to detect aberrant changes in viscosity during fibrosis. Furthermore, BDP-KY has been applied to screen the effective components of herbal medicine, rhubarb, resulting in the identification of potential antirenal fibrotic compounds such as emodin-8-glucoside and chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside. Ultrasound, PA, and NIRF imaging of a unilateral uretera obstruction mice model show that different concentrations of emodin-8-glucoside and chrysophanol 8-O-glucoside effectively reduce viscosity levels during the renal fibrosis process. The histological results showed a significant decrease in fibrosis factors α-smooth muscle actin and collagen deposition. Combining these findings with their pharmacokinetic characteristics, these compounds have the potential to fill the current market gap for effective antirenal fibrosis drugs. This study demonstrates the potential of BDP-KY in the evaluation of renal fibrosis, and the two identified active components from rhubarb hold great promise for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wangning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mingyuan Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haijun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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38
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Zhan Y, Mao Y, Sun P, Liu C, Gou H, Qi H, Chen G, Hu S, Tian B. Tumor-associated antigen-specific cell imaging based on upconversion luminescence and nucleic acid rolling circle amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:248. [PMID: 38587676 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based diagnosis has gained prominence for early tumor screening, treatment monitoring, prognostic assessment, and minimal residual disease detection. However, limitations such as low sensitivity and difficulty in extracting non-specific binding membrane proteins still exist in traditional detection methods. Upconversion luminescence (UCL) exhibits unique physical and chemical properties under wavelength near-infrared light excitation. Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is an efficient DNA amplification technique with amplification factors as high as 105. Therefore, the above two excellent techniques can be employed for highly accurate imaging analysis of tumor cells. Herein, we developed a novel nanoplatform for TAA-specific cell imaging based on UCL and RCA technology. An aptamer-primer complex selectively binds to Mucin 1 (MUC1), one of TAA on cell surface, to trigger RCA reaction, generating a large number of repetitive sequences. These sequences provide lots of binding sites for complementary signal probes, producing UCL from lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) after releasing quencher group. The experimental results demonstrate the specific attachment of upconversion nanomaterials to cancer cells which express a high level of MUC1, indicating the potential of UCNPs and RCA in tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhan
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yichun Mao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Pei Sun
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chenbin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Hongquan Gou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232000, P. R. China
| | - Guifang Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tian
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
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39
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Yang Z, Yu Q, Wu J, Deng H, Zhang Y, Wang W, Xian T, Huang L, Zhang J, Yuan S, Leng J, Zhan L, Jiang Z, Wang J, Zhang K, Zhou P. Ultrafast laser state active controlling based on anisotropic quasi-1D material. Light Sci Appl 2024; 13:81. [PMID: 38584173 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Laser state active controlling is challenging under the influence of inherent loss and other nonlinear effects in ultrafast systems. Seeking an extension of degree of freedom in optical devices based on low-dimensional materials may be a way forward. Herein, the anisotropic quasi-one-dimensional layered material Ta2PdS6 was utilized as a saturable absorber to modulate the nonlinear parameters effectively in an ultrafast system by polarization-dependent absorption. The polarization-sensitive nonlinear optical response facilitates the Ta2PdS6-based mode-lock laser to sustain two types of laser states, i.e., conventional soliton and noise-like pulse. The laser state was switchable in the single fiber laser with a mechanism revealed by numerical simulation. Digital coding was further demonstrated in this platform by employing the laser as a codable light source. This work proposed an approach for ultrafast laser state active controlling with low-dimensional material, which offers a new avenue for constructing tunable on-fiber devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Yang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.
| | - Haiqin Deng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tianhao Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junrong Zhang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jinyong Leng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Li Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zongfu Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- i-Lab & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications & Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Pu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.
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40
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Jiang W, An W, Huang Z, Xu C, Shen Q, Pu C, Zhang S, Wu Q, Li L, Yu C. A near-infrared fluorescent probe with two-photon excitation for in situ imaging of NQO1 in human colorectum cancer tissue. Talanta 2024; 274:126018. [PMID: 38593645 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Colorectum cancer has become one of the most fatal cancer diseases, in which NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) plays a role in intracellular free radical reduction and detoxification and has been linked to colorectum cancer and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, rational design of optical probe for NQO1 detection is urgent for the early diagnosis of colorectum cancer. Herein, we have developed a novel two-photon fluorescent probe, WHFD, which is capable of selectively detecting of intracellular NQO1 with two-photon (TP) absorption (800 nm) and near-infrared emission (620 nm). Combination with a substantial Stokes shift (175 nm) and biocompatibility, we have assessed its suitability for in vivo imaging of endogenous NQO1 activities from HepG2 tumor-bearing live animals with high tissue penetration up to 300 μm. Particularly, we for the first time used the probe to image NQO1 activities from human colorectum cancer samples by using TP microscopy, and proving our probe possesses reliable diagnostic performance to directly in situ imaging of cancer biomarker and can clearly distinguish the boundary between human colorectum cancer tissue and their surrounding normal tissue, which shows great potential for the intraoperative navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Weizhen An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhongxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chenfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chibin Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shiji Zhang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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41
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Cheng YT, Lett KM, Xu C, Schaffer CB. Three-photon excited fluorescence microscopy enables imaging of blood flow, neural structure and inflammatory response deep into mouse spinal cord in vivo. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.04.588110. [PMID: 38617307 PMCID: PMC11014502 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopy enables non-invasive imaging in scattering samples with cellular resolution. The spinal cord connects the brain with the periphery and governs fundamental behaviors such as locomotion and somatosensation. Because of dense myelination on the dorsal surface, imaging to the spinal grey matter is challenging, even with two-photon microscopy. Here we show that three-photon excited fluorescence (3PEF) microscopy enables multicolor imaging at depths of up to ~550 μm into the mouse spinal cord, in vivo . We quantified blood flow across vessel types along the spinal vascular network. We then followed the response of neurites and microglia after occlusion of a surface venule, where we observed depth-dependent structural changes in neurites and interactions of perivascular microglia with vessel branches upstream from the clot. This work establishes that 3PEF imaging enables studies of functional dynamics and cell type interactions in the top 550 μm of the murine spinal cord, in vivo .
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42
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Oregel-Chaumont T, Šunjerga A, Hettiarachchi P, Cooray V, Rubinstein M, Rachidi F. Direct observations of X-rays produced by upward positive lightning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8083. [PMID: 38582762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
X-rays have been observed in natural downward cloud-to-ground lightning for over 20 years and in rocket-triggered lightning for slightly less. In both cases, this energetic radiation has been detected during the stepped and dart leader phases of downward negative flashes. More recently, X-rays have also been reported during the dart leader phase of upward negative flashes. In this study, we present the observations of four upward positive lightning flashes from the Säntis Tower (2.5 km ASL) in Switzerland. These consist of the simultaneous records of electric current passing through the tower, and electric field strength and X-ray flux 20 m from the tower base. One of the flashes was captured by a high-speed camera operating at 24,000 frames per second, stills from which are also presented. We detected X-rays during the initial phase of upward negative leader propagation, which can be associated with the leader-stepping process from electric field and current waveforms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such measurements are reported in the literature. The obtained time-synchronised data confirm that the X-ray emissions detected are associated with the initial steps of the upward negative leader. The frequency and energy of X-ray pulses appear to decrease as functions of time, with pulses disappearing altogether within the first millisecond of the leader initiation. X-ray emission also appears to be correlated with the maximum current-derivative and the electric field change of leader steps, consistent with cold electron runaway. These observations contribute to improving our understanding of upward lightning, which is a primary source of damage to tall structures such as wind turbines and telecommunications towers, as well as aircraft during takeoff and landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Oregel-Chaumont
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland.
| | - Antonio Šunjerga
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Pasan Hettiarachchi
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 751, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vernon Cooray
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, 751, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcos Rubinstein
- HEIG, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 1401, Yverdon-les-Bains, VD, Switzerland
| | - Farhad Rachidi
- Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
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43
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Liang L, Yang X, Li C, Yu R, Zhang B, Yang Y, Ji G. MXene-Enabled Pneumatic Multiscale Shape Morphing for Adaptive, Programmable and Multimodal Radar-infrared Compatible Camouflage. Adv Mater 2024:e2313939. [PMID: 38578586 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Achieving radar-infrared compatible camouflage with dynamic adaptability has been a long-sought goal, but faces significant challenges owing to the limited dispersion relations of conventional material systems operating in different wavelength ranges. Here, this work proposes the concept of pneumatic multiscale shape morphing and design a periodically arranged pneumatic unit consisting of MXene-based morphable conductors and intake platforms. During gas actuation, the morphable conductor transforms centimeter-scale 2D flat sheets into 3D balloon shapes to enhance microwave absorption behavior, and also reconfigures micrometer-scale MXene wrinkles into smooth planes in combination with cavity-induced low heat transfer to minimize infrared (IR) signatures. Through theory-guided reverse engineering, the final pneumatic matrix shows remarkable frequency tunability (2.64-18.0 GHz), moderate IR emissivity regulation (0.14 at 7-16.5 µm), rapid responsiveness (≈30 ms), wide-angle operation (>45°), and excellent environmental tolerance. Additionally, the multiplexed pneumatic matrix enables over 14 programmable coding sequences that independently alter thermal radiation without compromising radar stealth, and allows multimodal camouflage switching between three distinct compatible states. The approach may facilitate the evolution of camouflage techniques and electromagnetic functional materials toward multispectral, adaptability and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyue Yang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ruoling Yu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guangbin Ji
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
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Hu J, Guo Z, Shi J, Jiang X, Chen Q, Chen H, He Z, Song Q, Xiao S, Yu S, Chi N, Shen C. A metasurface-based full-color circular auto-focusing Airy beam transmitter for stable high-speed underwater wireless optical communications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2944. [PMID: 38580656 PMCID: PMC10997589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its unique intensity distribution, self-acceleration, and beam self-healing properties, Airy beam holds great potential for optical wireless communications in challenging channels, such as underwater environments. As a vital part of 6G wireless network, the Internet of Underwater Things requires high-stability, low-latency, and high-capacity underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). Currently, the primary challenge of UWOC lies in the prevalent time-varying and complex channel characteristics. Conventional blue Gaussian beam-based systems face difficulties in underwater randomly perturbed links. In this work, we report a full-color circular auto-focusing Airy beams metasurface transmitter for reliable, large-capacity and long-distance UWOC links. The metasurface is designed to exhibits high polarization conversion efficiency over a wide band (440-640 nm), enabling an increased data transmission rate of 91% and reliable 4 K video transmission in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based UWOC data link. The successful application of this metasurface in challenging UWOC links establishes a foundation for underwater interconnection scenarios in 6G communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Hu
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyuan Guo
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Jiang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinmiao Chen
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixue He
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shaohua Yu
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Chi
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
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45
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Yu Q, Li X, Shen C, Yu Z, Guan J, Zheng J. Blue-Shifted and Broadened Fluorescence Enhancement by Visible and Mode-Selective Infrared Double Excitations. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38572812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Mode-selective vibrational excitations to modify the electronic states of fluorescein dianion in methanol solutions are carried out with a femtosecond visible pulse synchronized with a tunable high-power, narrow-band picosecond infrared (IR) pulse. In this work, simultaneous intensity enhancement, peak blueshift, and line width broadening of fluorescence are observed in the visible/IR double resonance experiments. Comprehensive investigations on the modulation mechanism with scanning the vibrational excitation frequencies, tuning the time delay between the two excitation pulses, theoretical calculations, and nonlinear and linear spectroscopic measurements suggest that the fluorescence intensity enhancement is caused by the increase of the Franck-Condon factor induced by the vibrational excitations at the electronic ground state. Various enhancement effects are observed as vibrations initially excited by the IR photons relax to populate the vibrational modes of lower frequencies. The peak blueshift and line width broadening are caused by both increasing the Franck-Condon factors among different subensembles because of IR pre-excitation and the long-lived processes induced by the initial IR excitation. The results demonstrate that the fluorescence from the visible/IR double resonance experiments is not a simple sum frequency effect, and vibrational relaxations can produce profound effects modifying luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinmao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengzhen Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianxin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junrong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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46
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Li Y, Guo Z, Zhao X, Liu S, Chen Z, Dong WF, Wang S, Sun YL, Wu X. An all-optical multidirectional mechano-sensor inspired by biologically mechano-sensitive hair sensilla. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2906. [PMID: 38575578 PMCID: PMC10994919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechano-sensitive hair-like sensilla (MSHS) have an ingenious and compact three-dimensional structure and have evolved widely in living organisms to perceive multidirectional mechanical signals. Nearly all MSHS are iontronic or electronic, including their biomimetic counterparts. Here, an all-optical mechano-sensor mimicking MSHS is prototyped and integrated based on a thin-walled glass microbubble as a flexible whispering-gallery-mode resonator. The minimalist integrated device has a good directionality of 32.31 dB in the radial plane of the micro-hair and can detect multidirectional displacements and forces as small as 70 nm and 0.9 μN, respectively. The device can also detect displacements and forces in the axial direction of the micro-hair as small as 2.29 nm and 3.65 μN, respectively, and perceive different vibrations. This mechano-sensor works well as a real-time, directional mechano-sensory whisker in a quadruped cat-type robot, showing its potential for innovative mechano-transduction, artificial perception, and robotics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun-Lu Sun
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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47
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Gofas-Salas E, Lee DMW, Rondeau C, Grieve K, Rossi EA, Paques M, Gocho K. Comparison between Two Adaptive Optics Methods for Imaging of Individual Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:768. [PMID: 38611681 PMCID: PMC11012195 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) plays a prominent role in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, but imaging individual RPE cells is challenging due to their high absorption and low autofluorescence emission. The RPE lies beneath the highly reflective photoreceptor layer (PR) and contains absorptive pigments, preventing direct backscattered light detection when the PR layer is intact. Here, we used near-infrared autofluorescence adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (NIRAF AOSLO) and transscleral flood imaging (TFI) in the same healthy eyes to cross-validate these approaches. Both methods revealed a consistent RPE mosaic pattern and appeared to reflect a distribution of fluorophores consistent with findings from histological studies. Interestingly, even in apparently healthy RPE, we observed dynamic changes over months, suggesting ongoing cellular activity or alterations in fluorophore distribution. These findings emphasize the value of NIRAF AOSLO and TFI in understanding RPE morphology and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gofas-Salas
- Department of Photonics, Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France;
- CIC 1423, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012 Paris, France; (M.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Daniel M. W. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.M.W.L.); (E.A.R.)
| | | | - Kate Grieve
- Department of Photonics, Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France;
- CIC 1423, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012 Paris, France; (M.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Ethan A. Rossi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.M.W.L.); (E.A.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Michel Paques
- CIC 1423, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012 Paris, France; (M.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Kiyoko Gocho
- CIC 1423, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012 Paris, France; (M.P.); (K.G.)
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48
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Kim J, Kim H, Kang H, Kim W, Chen Y, Choi J, Lee H, Rho J. A water-soluble label for food products prevents packaging waste and counterfeiting. Nat Food 2024:10.1038/s43016-024-00957-4. [PMID: 38575840 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sustainability, humidity sensing and product origin are important features of food packaging. While waste generated from labelling and packaging causes environmental destruction, humidity can result in food spoilage during delivery and counterfeit-prone labelling undermines consumer trust. Here we introduce a food label based on a water-soluble nanocomposite ink with a high refractive index that addresses these issues. By patterning the nanocomposite ink using nanoimprint lithography, the resultant metasurface shows bright and vivid structural colours. This method makes it possible to quickly and inexpensively create patterns on large surfaces. A QR code is also developed that can provide up-to-date information on food products. Microprinting hidden in the QR code protects against counterfeiting, cannot be physically detached or replicated and may be used as a humidity indicator. Our proposed food label can reduce waste while ensuring customers receive accurate product information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Chen
- Materials, Engineering and Manufacturing Research Group, Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Jonghyun Choi
- Bioengineering Technology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Drake GA, Keating LP, Huang C, Shim M. Colloidal Multi-Dot Nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9074-9083. [PMID: 38517010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal nanorod heterostructures consisting of multiple quantum dots within a nanorod (n-DNRs, where n is the number of quantum dots within a nanorod) are synthesized with alternating segments of CdSe "dot" and CdS "rod" via solution heteroepitaxy. The reaction temperature, time dependent ripening, and asymmetry of the wurtzite lattice and the resulting anisotropy of surface ligand steric hindrance are exploited to vary the morphology of the growing quantum dot segments. The alternating CdSe and CdS growth steps can be easily repeated to increment the dot number in unidirectional or bidirectional growth regimes. As an initial exploration of electron occupation effects on their optical properties, asymmetric 2-DNRs consisting of two dots of different lengths and diameters are synthesized and are shown to exhibit a change in color and an unusual photoluminescence quantum yield increase upon photochemical doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gryphon A Drake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Logan P Keating
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Conan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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50
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Zhu X, Liu Y, Huang S, Gao X, Li J, Sun H, Wangyang P, Niu X. APbI 3-A 2AgBiI 6 Double-Layer Perovskite Film for a Self-Powered and High-Stability X-ray Detector. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16474-16481. [PMID: 38502742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The development of lead halide perovskite X-ray detectors has promising applications in medical imaging and security inspection but is hindered by poor long-term stability and drift of the dark current and photocurrent. Herein, we design a (Cs0.05MA0.65FA0.3)PbI3-(Cs0.1MA1.3FA0.6)AgBiI6 double-layer perovskite film to assemble a self-powered flat-panel X-ray detector. The demonstrated X-ray detector achieves an outstanding self-powered sensitivity of 80 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 under a 0 V bias. More importantly, owing to the inhibition of the phase transition process and ion migration of (Cs0.05MA0.65FA0.3)PbI3 by the (Cs0.1MA1.3FA0.6)AgBiI6 layer, the device exhibits excellent continuous operating stability with a retention rate of 99% dark current and photocurrent over X-ray pulses of up to 4000 s and excellent long-term stability without a loss of the original response current after 150 days in an air environment. The strategy of double-layer perovskites improves the stability and sensitivity of devices, which paves a path for the industrial application of lead halide perovskite X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yizhen Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiuying Gao
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Peihua Wangyang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- College of Optoelectronic Technology, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaobin Niu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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