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Xie Y, Sun P, Huang H, Wu J, Ba Y, Zhou G, Yu F, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Qie R, Hu Z, Zou K, Zhang Y. Network analysis of smoking-related sleep characteristics in Chinese adults. Ann Med 2024; 56:2332424. [PMID: 38527416 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2332424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The associations between multiple sleep characteristics and smoking behavior are inconsistent, and it is unclear which sleep characteristics are most crucial for tobacco prevention. This study aimed to explore the associations between smoking status/intensity and multiple sleep characteristics and to identify the potential core domain of smoking-related sleep using network analysis. Data were obtained from a survey of cancer-related risk factors among Chinese adults. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking status/intensity. Network analyses were employed to identify the core sleep characteristics. A total of 5,228 participants with a median age of 44 years old were included in the study. Current smoking was significantly positively associated with long nap time, difficulty falling asleep, late bedtime, getting up after 7 am, and waking up earlier than expected. There was significant positive association between current smoking and short sleep duration in young adults under 45 years old. Late bedtime and getting up after 7 am were only associated with current heavy smoking, but not current light smoking. Network analyses showed that multiple smoking-related sleep characteristics were interconnected, with difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime as central characteristics in the network. The study found that the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking varied by age and smoking intensity and highlights the potential benefits of sleep health promotion in smoking cessation, with a particular focus on difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Sun
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Daming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ranran Qie
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuolun Hu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyong Zou
- Office for Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Larsen TJ, Pettersen MB, Nygaard Jensen H, Lynge Pedersen M, Lund-Andersen H, Jørgensen ME, Byberg S. The use of artificial intelligence to assess diabetic eye disease among the Greenlandic population. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2314802. [PMID: 38359160 PMCID: PMC10877649 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2314802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Retina fundus images conducted in Greenland are telemedically assessed for diabetic retinopathy by ophthalmological nurses in Denmark. Applying an AI grading solution, in a Greenlandic setting, could potentially improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of DR screening.Method: We developed an AI model using retina fundus photos, performed on persons registered with diabetes in Greenland and Denmark, using Optos® ultra wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscope, graded according to ICDR.Using the ResNet50 network we compared the model's ability to distinguish between different images of ICDR severity levels in a confusion matrix.Results: Comparing images with ICDR level 0 to images of ICDR level 4 resulted in an accuracy of 0.9655, AUC of 0.9905, sensitivity and specificity of 96.6%.Comparing ICDR levels 0,1,2 with ICDR levels 3,4, we achieved a performance with an accuracy of 0.8077, an AUC of 0.8728, a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 78.8%. For the other comparisons, we achieved a modest performance.Conclusion: We developed an AI model using Greenlandic data, to automatically detect DR on Optos retina fundus images. The sensitivity and specificity were too low for our model to be applied directly in a clinical setting, thus optimising the model should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Jul Larsen
- Greenland Center of Health Research, Institute of Nursing and Health Science, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | | | | | - Michael Lynge Pedersen
- Greenland Center of Health Research, Institute of Nursing and Health Science, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
- Rigshospitalet-Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lund-Andersen
- Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Rigshospitalet-Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Stine Byberg
- Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Fu Z, Jiang S, Sun Y, Zheng S, Zong L, Li P. Cut&tag: a powerful epigenetic tool for chromatin profiling. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2293411. [PMID: 38105608 PMCID: PMC10730171 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2293411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of transcription factors and chromatin modifications at the genome-wide level provides insights into gene regulatory processes, such as transcription, cell differentiation and cellular response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation is the most popular and powerful approach for mapping chromatin, and other enzyme-tethering techniques have recently become available for living cells. Among these, Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) is a relatively novel chromatin profiling method that has rapidly gained popularity in the field of epigenetics since 2019. It has also been widely adapted to map chromatin modifications and TFs in different species, illustrating the association of these chromatin epitopes with various physiological and pathological processes. Scalable single-cell CUT&Tag can be combined with distinct platforms to distinguish cellular identity, epigenetic features and even spatial chromatin profiling. In addition, CUT&Tag has been developed as a strategy for joint profiling of the epigenome, transcriptome or proteome on the same sample. In this review, we will mainly consolidate the applications of CUT&Tag and its derivatives on different platforms, give a detailed explanation of the pros and cons of this technique as well as the potential development trends and applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Fu
- BGI Tech Solutions Co, Ltd. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sanjie Jiang
- BGI Tech Solutions Co, Ltd. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwen Sun
- BGI Tech Solutions Co, Ltd. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanqiao Zheng
- BGI Tech Solutions Co, Ltd. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zong
- BGI Tech Solutions Co, Ltd. BGI-Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Li
- BGI Tech Solutions Co, Ltd. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Jutterström L, Stenlund AL, Otten J, Lilja M, Hellström Ängerud K. Awareness of cardiovascular risk among persons with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2294512. [PMID: 38112175 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2294512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the process of becoming aware of and acting on personal cardiovascular (CVD) risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHOD A purposive sample of 14 persons living with T2D participated in semi-structured, open-ended, in-dept interviews. The interviews were analysed with grounded theory. RESULT The analysis identified the core category "Balancing emotions, integrating knowledge and understanding to achieve risk awareness and act on it." Five categories describe the movement from not being aware of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) to becoming aware of this risk and taking action to reduce it. Persons with T2D need to transform their knowledge and experience of CVD risk and incorporate it in their individual situations. Emotional and existential experiences of CVD risk can lead to awareness about the severity of the condition and contribute to increased motivation for self-management. However, an overly high emotional response can be overwhelming and may result in insufficient self-management. CONCLUSION Persons with T2D seemed not to fully grasp their increased risk of CVD or recognize that self-management activities were aimed at reducing this risk. However, their awareness of CVD risk gradually increased as they came to understand the severity of T2D and became more emotionally and existentially engaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Jutterström
- Department of Nursing, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Julia Otten
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lilja
- Unit of Research, Education and Development Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine - Östersund Hospital, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Göğebakan K, Ulu R, Abiyev R, Şah M. A drug prescription recommendation system based on novel DIAKID ontology and extensive semantic rules. Health Inf Sci Syst 2024; 12:27. [PMID: 38524804 PMCID: PMC10960787 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-024-00286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data from 2000 to 2019, the number of people living with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasing rapidly. It is observed that Diabetes Mellitus increased by 70% and ranked in the top 10 among all causes of death, while the rate of those who died from CKD increased by 63% and rose from the 13th place to the 10th place. In this work, we combined the drug dose prediction model, drug-drug interaction warnings and drugs that potassium raising (K-raising) warnings to create a novel and effective ontology-based assistive prescription recommendation system for patients having both Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and CKD. Although there are several computational solutions that use ontology-based systems for treatment plans for these type of diseases, none of them combine information analysis and treatment plans prediction for T2DM and CKD. The proposed method is novel: (1) We develop a new drug-drug interaction model and drug dose ontology called DIAKID (for drugs of T2DM and CKD). (2) Using comprehensive Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules, we automatically extract the correct drug dose, K-raising drugs, and drug-drug interaction warnings based on the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) value of T2DM and CKD patients. The proposed work achieves very competitive results, and this is the first time such a study conducted on both diseases. The proposed system will guide clinicians in preparing prescriptions by giving necessary warnings about drug-drug interactions and doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadime Göğebakan
- Directorate of Information Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Ulu
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Rahib Abiyev
- Computer Engineering Department, Near East University, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Melike Şah
- Computer Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Nicosia, Turkey
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Maheshwari V, Basu S. Sleep problems and their predictors in community-dwelling older adults with diabetes in India: Evidence from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. Sleep Med X 2024; 7:100108. [PMID: 38500780 PMCID: PMC10945249 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2024.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To ascertain the prevalence and predictors of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality among older adults with Diabetes (DM) in India, and to assess the relationship between sleep quality and DM. Methods Data was utilized from the nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (Wave-1, 2017-18), with a total sample of 66606 older adults (≥45 years) selected for the study. Sleep problems and sleep quality score were assessed using an adaptation based on the Jenkins Sleep Scale. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were conducted to determine the effect of sociodemographic and clinical factors on sleep quality. Mediation analysis (Karlson-Holm-Breen) was done to assess the direct and indirect effects of independent variables on the sleep quality scores. Further, Propensity score matching (PSM) was done to assess the impact of diabetes on sleep problems. Results The prevalence of DM was 12.34% (n = 8564, 95% CI: 11.54, 13.20) among whom 24.38% (95% CI: 21.38, 27.65) reported sleep problems. On adjusted analysis, sleep problems were significantly associated with increasing education, higher wealth quintile, lack of physical activity, and multimorbidity. Mediation analysis showed adherence to anti-diabetes medication improved sleep quality (aB = -0.28 (95% CI: -0.54, -0.02)), while comorbidities worsened sleep quality (aB = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.92)). Analysis from PSM indicated that DM was associated with a 6.2% higher chance of sleep problems. Conclusions Poor sleep quality is present in nearly one in four individuals diagnosed with DM in India and linked with certain adverse social determinants. Focused interventions to improve assessment and treatment of sleep problems in resource-limited primary care settings require prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vansh Maheshwari
- Indian Institute of Public Health – Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, India
| | - Saurav Basu
- Indian Institute of Public Health – Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, India
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7
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Holm H, Kennbäck C, Laucyte-Cibulskiene A, Nilsson PM, Jujic A. The impact of prediabetes and diabetes on endothelial function in a large population-based cohort. Blood Press 2024; 33:2298309. [PMID: 38185988 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2298309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and prediabetes are well-recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are marked by vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED). However, there is a scarcity of thorough population-based studies examining ED in individuals with diabetes/prediabetes free from manifest CVD. Here, we examined the association between ED assessed by reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) in the finger and diabetes/prediabetes in a large middle-aged population cohort. METHODS Within the Malmö Offspring Study, following the exclusion of participants <30 years and participants with prevalent CVD, 1384 participants had complete data on all covariates. The RHI was calculated using pulse amplitude tonometry. ED was defined as RHI < 1.67. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were conducted to investigate associations between ED and RHI with diabetes and prediabetes. RESULTS The study population had a mean age of 53.6 ± 7.6 years (53% women). In study participants with manifest diabetes (n = 121) and prediabetes (n = 514), ED was present in 42% and 25% respectively, compared to 23% in those with normal glucometabolic status. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, prevalent diabetes was significantly associated with ED (OR 1.95; 95%CI 1.57-3.39; p = 0.002), as well as with lower RHI (β-coeff. -0.087; p = 0.002). However, prediabetes showed no association with neither ED nor RHI. CONCLUSION In a population free from CVD, vascular endothelial dysfunction was primarily associated with manifest diabetes, but not with prediabetes, implying that finger ED may develop when diabetes is established, rather than being an early sign of glucose intolerance. Further research is needed to explore whether addressing glucose intolerance could potentially delay or prevent vascular ED onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Holm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Kennbäck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - P M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Jujic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Zhang L, Wang X, Chang L, Ren Y, Sui M, Fu Y, Zhang L, Hao L. Quercetin improves diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting ferroptosis and regulating the Nrf2 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2327495. [PMID: 38465879 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2327495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading factor in end-stage renal disease. The complexity of its pathogenesis, combined with the limited treatment efficacy, necessitates deeper insights into potential causes. Studies suggest that ferroptosis-driven renal tubular damage contributes to DKD's progression, making its counteraction a potential therapeutic strategy. Quercetin, a flavonoid found in numerous fruits and vegetables, has demonstrated DKD mitigation in mouse models, though its protective mechanism remains ambiguous. In this study, we delved into quercetin's potential anti-ferroptotic properties, employing a DKD rat model and high glucose (HG)-treated renal tubular epithelial cell models. Our findings revealed that HG prompted unusual ferroptosis activation in renal tubular epithelial cells. However, quercetin counteracted this by inhibiting ferroptosis and activating NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in both DKD rats and HG-treated HK-2 cells, indicating its renal protective role. Further experiments, both in vivo and in vitro, validated that quercetin stimulates Nrf2. Thus, our research underscores quercetin's potential in DKD treatment by modulating the ferroptosis process via activating Nrf2 in a distinct DKD rat model, offering a fresh perspective on quercetin's protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yiqun Ren
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Manshu Sui
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lirong Hao
- Department of Nephropathy and Hemodialysis, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Nephropathy, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Aydin S, Kilinc F, Ugur K, Aydin MA, Yalcin MH, Kuloglu T, Kaya Tektemur N, Albayrak S, Emre E, Yardim M, Akkoc RF, Hancer S, Sahin İ, Cinar V, Akbulut T, Demircan S, Evren B, Gencer BT, Aksoy A, Yilmaz Bozoglan M, Aydemir İ, Aydin S. Effects of irisin and exercise on adropin and betatrophin in a new metabolic syndrome model. Biotech Histochem 2024; 99:21-32. [PMID: 37933453 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2276205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent public health problem. Uric acid (UA) is increased by MetS. We investigated whether administration of UA and 10% fructose (F) would accelerate MetS formation and we also determined the effects of irisin and exercise. We used seven groups of rats. Group 1 (control); group 2 (sham); group 3 (10% F); group 4 (1% UA); group 5 (2% UA); group 6 (10% F + 1% UA); and Group 7, (10% F + 2% UA). After induction of MetS (groups 3 -7), Group 3 was divided into three subgroups: 3A, no further treatment; 3B, irisin treatment; 3C, irisin treatment + exercise. Group 4, 1% UA, which was divided into three subgroups: 4A, no further treatment; 4B, irisin treatment; 4C, Irisin treatment + exercise. Group 5, 2% UA, which was divided into three subgroups: 5A, no further treatment; 5B, irisin treatment; 5C, irisin treatment + exercise. Group 6, 10% F + 1% UA, which was divided into three subgroups: 6A, no further treatment; 6B, irisin treatment; 6C, irisin treatment + exercise. Group 7, 10% F + 2% UA, which was divided into three subgroups: 7A, no further treatment; 7B, irisin treatment; 7C, irisin treatment + exercise., İrisin was administered 10 ng/kg irisin intraperitoneally on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Sunday each week for 1 month. The exercise animals (in addition to irisin treatment) also were run on a treadmill for 45 min on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Sunday each week for 1 month. The rats were sacrificed and samples of liver, heart, kidney, pancreas, skeletal muscles and blood were obtained. The amounts of adropin (ADR) and betatrophin in the tissue supernatant and blood were measured using an ELISA method. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ADR and betatrophin expression in situ in tissue samples. The duration of these experiments varied from 3 and 10 weeks. The order of development of MetS was: group 7, 3 weeks; group 6, 4 weeks; group 5, 6 weeks; group 4, 7 weeks; group 3, 10 weeks. Kidney, liver, heart, pancreas and skeletal muscle tissues are sources of adropin and betatrophin. In these tissues and in the circulation, adropin was decreased significantly, while betatrophin was increased significantly due to MetS; irisin + exercise reversed this situation. We found that the best method for creating a MetS model was F + UA2 supplementation. Our method is rapid and simple. Irisin + exercise was best for preventing MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Aydin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig, Turkiye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Faruk Kilinc
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases), School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Kader Ugur
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases), School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | | | - Mehmet Hanifi Yalcin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Tuncay Kuloglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Nalan Kaya Tektemur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Serdal Albayrak
- Department of Brain and Nerve Surgery, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Elif Emre
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Meltem Yardim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Yerkoy State Hospital, Yozgat, Turkiye
| | - Ramazan Fazil Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Serhat Hancer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - İbrahim Sahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat Hormones Research Group, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkiye
| | - Vedat Cinar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Taner Akbulut
- Department of Sports and Health, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Selcuk Demircan
- Department of Intensive Care, Inonu University Hospital, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Bahri Evren
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Berrin Tarakci Gencer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - Aziz Aksoy
- Nature and Engineering Faculty, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Merve Yilmaz Bozoglan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - İsa Aydemir
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat Hormones Research Group, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
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Yuan Y, Ji S, Song Y, Che Z, Xiao L, Tang S, Xiao J. Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2310-2320. [PMID: 38488565 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202410000-00032/figure1/v/2024-02-06T055622Z/r/image-tiff Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries--the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France--by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and PubMed databases, all global registered clinical trials in the ClinicalTrials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority (89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema (9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development (58.19%). Approximately half of the trials (49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic (40 out of 1830; 2.19%) and diabetic eye disease (3 out of 1830; 0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shangli Ji
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yali Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaodi Che
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Akram A, Yasmin I, Sharif HR, Nayik GA, Ramniwas S, Siddiqui SA. Compositional profiling and bioefficacy studies of pulses-supplemented isocaloric designer biscuits for recently diagnosed diabetic individuals. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101305. [PMID: 38559441 PMCID: PMC10978483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addresses global concerns about diabetes mellitus by exploring a novel approach to manage hyperglycemia through pulses-supplemented designer biscuits. Control and designer biscuits were prepared with varying proportions of wheat flour and pulses (chickpea, mungbean). The pulses-supplemented biscuits exhibited increased protein content and reduced readily available carbohydrates. Selected designer biscuits, with 12.5 % incorporation of chickpea and mungbean pulse flour, demonstrated significantly lower glycemic index (69.17 ± 5.01) and higher satiety index (122.19 ± 8.85) compared to control biscuits. These showed 13 % less glycemic index and 9 % higher satiety index as compared to control biscuits. A four-week bio-efficacy trial involving diabetic subjects consuming these biscuits as a routine snack resulted in an 11.45 % decrease in fasting blood glucose and a 19.15 % reduction in random blood glucose levels. Insulin and HDL levels also significantly improved. The study concludes that these designer biscuits possess a hypoglycemic effect, offering a potential dietary intervention for managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Akram
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Yasmin
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government Degree College Shopian, 192303 Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany
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12
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Liang H, Ren Y, Huang Y, Xie X, Zhang M. Treatment of diabetic retinopathy with herbs for tonifying kidney and activating blood circulation: A review of pharmacological studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118078. [PMID: 38513781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes. Chinese medicine believes that kidney deficiency and blood stasis are significant pathogenesis of DR. A characteristic therapeutic approach for this pathogenesis is the kidney-tonifying and blood-activating method. By literature retrieval from several databases, we methodically summarized the commonly used kidney-tonifying and blood-activating herbs for treating DR, including Lycii Fructus, Rehmanniane Radix Praeparata, and Corni Fructus with the function of nourishing kidney; Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma with the function of enhancing blood circulation; Rehmanniae Radix with the function of nourishing kidney yin; and Astragali Radix with the function of tonifying qi. It has been demonstrated that these Chinese herbs described above, by tonifying the kidney and activating blood circulation, significantly improve the course of DR. AIM OF THE STUDY Through literature research, to gain a thorough comprehension of the pathogenesis of DR. Simultaneously, through the traditional application analysis, modern pharmacology research and network pharmacology analysis of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating herbs, to review the effectiveness and advantages of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating herbs in treating DR comprehensively. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data were used to filter the most popular herbs for tonifying kidney and activating blood in the treatment of DR. The search terms were "diabetic retinopathy" and "tonifying kidney and activating blood". Mostly from 2000 to 2023. Network pharmacology was applied to examine the key active components and forecast the mechanisms of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating herbs in the treatment of DR. RESULTS Kidney deficiency and blood stasis are the pathogenesis of DR, and the pathogenesis is linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxia, and hyperglycemia. Scientific data and network pharmacology analysis have demonstrated the benefit of tonifying kidney and activating blood herbs in treating DR through several channels, multiple components, and multiple targets. CONCLUSIONS This review first presents useful information for subsequent research into the material foundation and pharmacodynamics of herbs for tonifying kidney and activating blood, and offers fresh insights into the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Özer Y, Cansever MŞ, Turan H, Bayramoğlu E, Bingöl Aydın D, İşat E, Ceyhun E, Zubarioğlu T, Aktuğlu Zeybek AÇ, Kıykım E, Evliyaoğlu O. Pteridine and tryptophan pathways in children with type 1 diabetes: Isoxanthopterin as an indicator of endothelial dysfunction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116072. [PMID: 38437786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its complications are known to be associated with oxidative stress. Pteridine derivatives and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity can be used as biomarkers in the evaluation of oxidative stress. In this study, our aim is to compare the concentrations of serum and urinary pteridine derivatives, as well as serum IDO activity, in children and adolescents diagnosed with T1D and those in a healthy control group. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed and included 93 patients with T1D and 71 healthy children. Serum and urine biopterin, neopterin, monapterin, pterin, isoxanthopterin, and pterin-6-carboxylic acid (6PTC) and serum tryptophan and kynurenine levels were analyzed and compared with healthy controls. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis of pteridine derivatives, tryptophan, and kynurenine. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, a marker of oxidative stress, was defined by measurement of serum and urine isoxanthopterin. As an indicator of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, the ratio of serum kynurenine/tryptophan was used. RESULTS Serum isoxanthopterin and tryptophan concentrations were increased, and serum 6PTC concentration was decreased in children with T1D (p=0.01, p=0.021, p<0.001, respectively). In children with T1D, IDO activity was not different from healthy controls (p>0.05). Serum neopterin level and duration of diabetes were weakly correlated (p=0.045, r=0.209); urine neopterin/creatinine and isoxanthopterin/creatinine levels were weakly correlated with HbA1c levels (p=0.005, r=0.305; p=0.021, r=0.249, respectively). Urine pterin/creatinine level negatively correlated with body mass index-SDS. (p=0.015, r=-0.208). CONCLUSION We found for the first time that isoxanthopterin levels increased and 6PTC levels decreased in children and adolescents with T1D. Elevated isoxanthopterin levels suggest that the XO activity is increased in TID. Increased XO activity may be an indicator of vascular complications reflecting T1D-related endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Özer
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Şerif Cansever
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Turan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvan Bayramoğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bingöl Aydın
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra İşat
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Ceyhun
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tanyel Zubarioğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu Zeybek
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Kıykım
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Evliyaoğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fowler JA, Warzywoda S, Franks N, Mendis M, Lazarou M, Bisshop F, Wood P, Dean JA. Highs, Lows, and Hormones: A Qualitative Metasynthesis of Transgender Individuals' Experiences Undergoing Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy. J Homosex 2024; 71:1652-1683. [PMID: 36884002 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2186759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy (GAHT) is a key therapeutic approach which aims to help trans and gender diverse (or simply "trans") individuals' transition from their sex-presumed-at-birth to their experienced gender identity. Previous reviews have focused on synthesizing quantitative experiences; however, a qualitative lens is important to understand the personal journey of GAHT. This review provides a qualitative meta-synthesis of the experiences of trans people around the world who have undergone GAHT to elicit contextualized understanding of the changes experienced. Systematic searches of eight databases identified an initial 2670 papers, refined to a final 28 papers. Overall, findings suggested that the GAHT journey is unique and elicited a myriad of changes which, whilst challenging at times, were life-changing and brought about positive psychological, physical, and social changes. Other themes explored GAHT not being treated as a fix-all for associated mental health issues, the rules that govern appraisal of physical changes, how privilege and social identity evolve, and the power of affirmation. This work offers important recommendations to improve the care offered to trans people undergoing GAHT. Namely, person-centered support is essential, and peer-navigation may be a useful future direction to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Fowler
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Warzywoda
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nia Franks
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marini Mendis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mattea Lazarou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Bisshop
- Holdsworth House Medical Practice, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penny Wood
- Alexander Heights Family Practice, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Judith A Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Huang S, Joshi A, Shi Z, Wei J, Tran H, Zheng SL, Duggan D, Ashworth A, Billings L, Helfand BT, Qamar A, Bulwa Z, Tafur A, Xu J. Combined polygenic scores for ischemic stroke risk factors aid risk assessment of ischemic stroke. Int J Cardiol 2024; 404:131990. [PMID: 38521508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current risk assessment for ischemic stroke (IS) is limited to clinical variables. We hypothesize that polygenic scores (PGS) of IS (PGSIS) and IS-associated diseases such as atrial fibrillation (AF), venous thromboembolism (VTE), coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN), and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) may improve the performance of IS risk assessment. METHODS Incident IS was followed for 479,476 participants in the UK Biobank who did not have an IS diagnosis prior to the recruitment. Lifestyle variables (obesity, smoking and alcohol) at the time of study recruitment, clinical diagnoses of IS-associated diseases, PGSIS, and five PGSs for IS-associated diseases were tested using the Cox proportional-hazards model. Predictive performance was assessed using the C-statistic and net reclassification index (NRI). RESULTS During a median average 12.5-year follow-up, 8374 subjects were diagnosed with IS. Known clinical variables (age, gender, clinical diagnoses of IS-associated diseases, obesity, and smoking) and PGSIS were all independently associated with IS (P < 0.001). In addition, PGSIS and each PGS for IS-associated diseases was also independently associated with IS (P < 0.001). Compared to the clinical model, a joint clinical/PGS model improved the C-statistic for predicting IS from 0.71 to 0.73 (P < 0.001) and significantly reclassified IS risk (NRI = 0.017, P < 0.001), and 6.48% of subjects were upgraded from low to high risk. CONCLUSIONS Adding PGSs of IS and IS-associated diseases to known clinical risk factors statistically improved risk assessment for IS, demonstrating the supplementary value of inherited susceptibility measurement . However, its clinical utility is likely limited due to modest improvements in predictive values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Huang
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zhuqing Shi
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Huy Tran
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David Duggan
- Affiliate of City of Hope, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Annabelle Ashworth
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Liana Billings
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA; University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA; University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arman Qamar
- Cardiovascular Institute, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zachary Bulwa
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alfonso Tafur
- Cardiovascular Institute, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA; University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Ramadan AEH, Elsayed MM, Elsayed A, Fouad MA, Mohamed MS, Lee S, Mahmoud RA, Sabry SA, Ghoneim MM, Hassan AH, Abd Elkarim RA, Belal A, El-Shenawy AA. Development and optimization of vildagliptin solid lipid nanoparticles loaded ocuserts for controlled ocular delivery: A promising approach towards treating diabetic retinopathy. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100232. [PMID: 38357578 PMCID: PMC10864762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most prevalent cause of diabetic retinopathy (DRP). DRP has been recognized for a long time as a microvascular disease. Many drugs were used to treat DRP, including vildagliptin (VLD). In addition to its hypoglycemic effect, VLD minimizes ocular inflammation and improves retinal blood flow for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, VLD can cause upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, nausea, hypoglycemia, and poor tolerability when taken orally regularly due to its high water solubility and permeability. Effective ocular administration of VLD is achieved using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs), which improve corneal absorption, prolonged retention, and extended drug release. Ocuserts (OCUs) are sterile, long-acting ocular dosage forms that diminish the need for frequent dosing while improving residence time and stability. Therefore, this study intends to develop VLD solid lipid nanoparticle OCUs (VLD-SLNPs-OCUs) to circumvent the issues commonly associated with VLD. SLNPs were prepared using the double-emulsion/melt dispersion technique. The optimal formula has been implemented in OCUs. Optimization and development of VLD-SLNPs-OCUs were performed using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). VLD-SLNPs-OCUs loading efficiency was 95.28 ± 2.87%, and differential scanning calorimetry data (DSC) showed the full transformation of VLD to an amorphous state and the excellent distribution in the prepared OCUs matrices. The in vivo release of VLD from the optimized OCUs after 24 h was 35.12 ± 2.47%, consistent with in vitro drug release data of 36.89 ± 3.11. The optimized OCUs are safe to use in the eye, as shown by the ocular irritation test. VLD-SLNPs-OCUs provide extended VLD release, an advantageous alternative to conventional oral dose forms, resulting in fewer systemic adverse effects and less variation in plasma drug levels. VLD-SLNPs-OCUs might benefit retinal microvascular blood flow beyond blood glucose control and may be considered a promising approach to treating diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El hakim Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M.A. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Amani Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif, University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa A. Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
- Al-Azhar Centre of Nano Sciences and Applications, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduated School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Reda A. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
- Al-Azhar Centre of Nano Sciences and Applications, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shereen A. Sabry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H.E. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. El-Shenawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
- Al-Azhar Centre of Nano Sciences and Applications, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Ogunremi OO, Ismail SF, Dhami RK, Newton JS, Kindle SA, Kozmenko V. A meta-analysis of the incidence of acne vulgaris in patients treated with GLP-1 agonists. Int J Womens Dermatol 2024; 10:e143. [PMID: 38586157 PMCID: PMC10997314 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the emerging popularity of GLP-1 receptor agonists, patients are noticing acne vulgaris side effects that are seemingly related to the concurrent treatment with the drug. Due to the correspondence between these drugs' relatively recent emergence in the U.S. market and their high demand, it is important to investigate what is currently known in the literature so that patients can be properly informed. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship, or lack thereof, between glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist usage and acne-related side effects in patients. Methods A web-based analysis of 6 GLP-1 receptor agonists (3 with a once-weekly dosing schedule, and 3 with a once-daily dosing schedule) was conducted on PubMed online database. Boolean criteria were used to narrow the search. Included in the meta-analysis were 45 research articles that fulfilled the search criteria. Results The results of the search showed that from the following long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists, dulaglutide, exenatide extended release, and semaglutide (Wegovy), no conclusive acne side effects were reported. In addition, the results also showed that from the following short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and semaglutide (Rybelsus), no conclusive acne side effects were reported. Limitations Limitations of this study include a limited amount of literature regarding the relationship between GLP-1 agonists and acne vulgaris. Conclusion It is unlikely that GLP-1 agonists themselves are directly responsible for the acne that some patients may develop during treatment. Rather, it is more probable that the weight loss yielded by treatment with these drugs may induce intrinsic physiologic and hormonal changes that induce or exacerbate acne vulgaris in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafunke O. Ogunremi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Sana F. Ismail
- Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Jazmin S. Newton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Scott A. Kindle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Valeriy Kozmenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
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Varra FN, Varras M, Varra VK, Theodosis-Nobelos P. Molecular and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation in the manifestation of metabolic dysfunctions and their inflammation‑mediating treatment options (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:95. [PMID: 38606791 PMCID: PMC11025031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity reaches up to epidemic proportions globally and increases the risk for a wide spectrum of co‑morbidities, including type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney diseases, respiratory disorders, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal disorders and osteoarthritis, subfertility, psychosocial problems and certain types of cancers. The underlying inflammatory mechanisms interconnecting obesity with metabolic dysfunction are not completely understood. Increased adiposity promotes pro‑inflammatory polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, in adipose tissue (AT), with subsequent increased production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, inducing therefore an overall, systemic, low‑grade inflammation, which contributes to metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. Targeting inflammatory mediators could be alternative therapies to treat obesity, but their safety and efficacy remains to be studied further and confirmed in future clinical trials. The present review highlights the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms by which the chronic low‑grade inflammation in AT and the production of reactive oxygen species lead to MetS, IR and T2DM. In addition, focus is given on the role of anti‑inflammatory agents, in the resolution of chronic inflammation, through the blockade of chemotactic factors, such as monocytes chemotractant protein‑1, and/or the blockade of pro‑inflammatory mediators, such as IL‑1β, TNF‑α, visfatin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1, and/or the increased synthesis of adipokines, such as adiponectin and apelin, in obesity‑associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani-Niki Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
- Medical School, Dimocritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Fourth Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Elena Venizelou’ General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
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19
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Zhao X, Kolbinger FR, Distler M, Weitz J, Makarov D, Bachmann M, Baraban L. Portable droplet-based real-time monitoring of pancreatic α-amylase in postoperative patients. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116034. [PMID: 38359666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative complications after pancreatic surgery are frequent and can be life-threatening. Current clinical diagnostic strategies involve time-consuming quantification of α-amylase activity in abdominal drain fluid, which is performed on the first and third postoperative day. The lack of real-time monitoring may delay adjustment of medical treatment upon complications and worsen prognosis for patients. We report a bedside portable droplet-based millifluidic device enabling real-time sensing of drain α-amylase activity for postoperative monitoring of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. Here, a tiny amount of drain liquid of patient samples is continuously collected and co-encapsulated with a starch reagent in nanoliter-sized droplets to track the fluorescence intensity released upon reaction with α-amylase. Comparing the α-amylase levels of 32 patients, 97 % of the results of the droplet-based millifluidic system matched the clinical data. Our method reduces the α-amylase assay duration to approximately 3 min with the limit of detection 7 nmol/s·L, enabling amylase activity monitoring at the bedside in clinical real-time. The presented droplet-based platform can be extended for analysis of different body fluids, diseases, and towards a broader range of biomarkers, including lipase, bilirubin, lactate, inflammation, or liquid biopsy markers, paving the way towards new standards in postoperative patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinne Zhao
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Fiona R Kolbinger
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav. Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
| | - Marius Distler
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav. Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav. Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V, 01328, Dresden, Germany; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health (EKFZ), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
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20
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Bahreini N, Saghafi-Asl M, Nikpayam O, Safaei E, Sadra V, Fakhr L, Beyrampour-Basmenj H, Asgharian P, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Effects of dried okra extract on lipid profile, renal function and some RAGE-related inflammatory genes expression in patients with diabetic nephropathy: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2024; 81:103027. [PMID: 38336011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) is reported to have anti-diabetic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dried okra extract (DOE) supplementation on lipid profile, renal function indices, and expression of inflammatory genes, as well as serum level of soluble Receptor for Advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in patients with DN. METHODS In this triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, 64 eligible patients with DN received either 125 mg of DOE or placebo daily along with DN-related nutritional recommendations for 10 weeks. Changes in kidney indices including proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lipid profile, serum SRAGE, as well as the expression of RAGE, ICAM-1, and IL-1 genes were measured over 10 weeks. RESULTS After adjustment for the potential confounders, between-group analyses showed no significant differences in terms of lipid profile, kidney function indices, sRAGE, and RAGE-related inflammatory genes expression after 10 weeks. CONCLUSION Daily 125 mg DOE along with nutritional recommendations on top of usual care did not lead to significant changes in renal function indices, lipid profile, and inflammatory genes expression in patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol Bahreini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Omid Nikpayam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ehsan Safaei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Sadra
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laleh Fakhr
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Beyrampour-Basmenj
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parina Asgharian
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, VIC 3144, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia; Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Conlon JM, Owolabi BO, Flatt PR, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Amphibian host-defense peptides with potential for Type 2 diabetes therapy - an updated review. Peptides 2024; 175:171180. [PMID: 38401671 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Investigations conducted since 2018 have identified several host-defense peptides present in frog skin secretions whose properties suggest the possibility of their development into a new class of agent for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) therapy. Studies in vitro have described peptides that (a) stimulate insulin release from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells and isolated mouse islets, (b) display β-cell proliferative activity and protect against cytokine-mediated apoptosis and (c) stimulate production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and inhibit production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Rhinophrynin-27, phylloseptin-3.2TR and temporin F are peptides with therapeutic potential. Studies in vivo carried out in db/db and high fat-fed mice have shown that twice-daily administration of [S4K]CPF-AM1 and [A14K]PGLa-AM1, analogs of peptides first isolated from the octoploid frog Xenopus amieti, over 28 days lowers circulating glucose and HbA1c concentrations, increases insulin sensitivity and improves glucose tolerance and lipid profile. Peptide treatment produced potentially beneficial changes in the expression of skeletal muscle genes involved in insulin signaling and islet genes involved in insulin secretion in these murine models of T2D. Lead compounds uncovered by the study of frog HDPs may provide a basis for the design of new types of agents that can be used, alone or in combination with existing therapies, for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Bosede O Owolabi
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
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22
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Papadopoulos KI, Papadopoulou A, Aw TC. Anexelekto (AXL) no more: microRNA-155 (miR-155) controls the "Uncontrolled" in SARS-CoV-2. Hum Cell 2024; 37:582-592. [PMID: 38472734 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
AXL is the gene that encodes the Anexelekto (AXL) receptor tyrosine kinase that demonstrates significant roles in various cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, and migration. Anexelekto is a Greek word meaning excessive and uncontrolled, semantically implying the crucial involvement of AXL in cancer and immune biology, and in promoting cancer metastasis. AXL overexpression appears to drive epithelial to mesenchymal transition, tumor angiogenesis, decreased antitumor immune response, and resistance to therapeutic agents. Recently, AXL has been reported to play important roles in several viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. We have previously outlined the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) and especially miR-155 in SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology through regulation of the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) and influence on several aspects of host innate immunity. MiRNAs are negative regulators of gene expression, decreasing the stability of target RNAs or limiting their translation and, enthrallingly, miR-155 is also involved in AXL homeostasis-both endogenously and pharmaceutically using repurposed drugs (e.g., metformin)-highlighting thrifty evolutionary host innate immunity mechanisms that successfully can thwart viral entry and replication. Cancer, infections, and immune system disturbances will increasingly involve miRNA diagnostics and therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Papadopoulos
- THAI StemLife, 566/3 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd, Wangthonglang, Bangkok, 10310, Thailand.
| | - A Papadopoulou
- Feelgood Lund, Occupational and Environmental Health Services, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 17, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - T C Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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23
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Magi CE, Rasero L, Mannucci E, Bonaccorsi G, Ranaldi F, Pazzagli L, Faraoni P, Mulinacci N, Bambi S, Longobucco Y, Dicembrini I, Iovino P. Use of ancient grains for the management of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1110-1128. [PMID: 38553358 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials was conducted to collate evidence from studies implementing ancient grains and investigate the impact of ancient grain consumption on health outcomes of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials were included, and 13 were meta-analyzed. Interventions ranged from 1 day to 24 weeks; most samples were affected by DM type 2 (n = 28 studies) and the ancient grains used were oats (n = 10 studies), brown rice (n = 6 studies), buckwheat (n = 4 studies), chia (n = 3 studies), Job's Tears (n = 2 studies), and barley, Khorasan and millet (n = 1 study). Thirteen studies that used oats, brown rice, and chia provided data for a quantitative synthesis. Four studies using oats showed a small to moderate beneficial effect on health outcomes including LDL-c (n = 717, MD: 0.30 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.42 to -0.17, Z = 4.61, p < 0.05, I2 = 0%), and TC (n = 717, MD: 0.44 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.63 to -0.24, Z = 4.40, p < 0.05, I2 = 0%). Pooled analyses of studies using chia and millet did not show significant effects on selected outcomes. CONCLUSIONS For adults affected by DM type 2, the use of oats may improve lipidic profile. Further experimental designs are needed in interventional research to better understand the effects of ancient grains on diabetes health outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42023422386.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Rasero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannucci
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ranaldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Faraoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Bambi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dicembrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Iovino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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24
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Ertik O, Tunali S, Acar ET, Bal-Demirci T, Ülküseven B, Yanardag R. Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effects of an Oxovanadium (IV) Complex on Heart and Aorta Injury of STZ-Diabetic Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2085-2099. [PMID: 37603267 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic people have a much higher rate of cardiovascular disease than healthy people. Therefore, heart and aortic tissues are target tissues in diabetic research. In recent years, the synthesis of new vanadium complexes and investigation of their antidiabetic/lowering effect on the blood glucose levels and antioxidant properties are increasing day by day. Our study aimed to examine the effects of synthesized oxovanadium (IV) complex of 2-[(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene]hydrazine-1-[(N-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)](S-methyl)carbothioamide [VOL] on diabetic heart and aortic tissues, as well as in vitro lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibition, antioxidant properties, and reducing power. Electrochemical characterization of the VOL was carried out by using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) methods. In addition, in silico drug-likeness and ADME prediction were also investigated. For in vivo study, male Swiss albino rats were randomly selected and separated into four groups which are control, control + VOL, diabetic and diabetic + VOL. After the experimental procedure, biochemical parameters were investigated in homogenates of heart and aorta tissues. The results showed that VOL has a protective effect on heart and aortic tissue against oxidative stress. According to electrochemical experiments, one reversible oxidative couple and one irreversible reductive response were observed for the complex. In addition, in vitro LDH and MPO inhibition of VOL was examined. It was found that VOL had a protective effect on heart and aortic tissues of diabetic rats, and caused the inhibition of LDH and MPO in in vitro studies. On the other hand, evaluating the synthesized VOL according to in silico drug-likeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) prediction, it was found that VOL has drug-like properties and exhibited high gastrointestinal absorption. The VOL had a therapeutic impact on the heart and aortic tissues of diabetic rats, according to the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertik
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sevim Tunali
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Turker Acar
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Bal-Demirci
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahri Ülküseven
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Smythe T, Kuper H. The association between disability and all-cause mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e756-e770. [PMID: 38614629 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are 1·3 billion people with disabilities globally. On average, they have poorer health than their non-disabled peers, but the extent of increased risk of premature mortality is unknown. We aimed to systematically review the association between disability and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Global Health, PsycINFO, and EMBASE from Jan 1, 1990 to Nov 14, 2022. Longitudinal epidemiological studies in any language with a comparator group that measured the association between disability and all-cause mortality in people of any age were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We used a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality by disability status. We then conducted meta-analyses separately for different impairment and age groups. FINDINGS We identified 6146 unique articles, of which 70 studies (81 cohorts) were included in the systematic review, from 22 countries. There was variability in the methods used to assess and report disability and mortality. The meta-analysis included 54 studies, representing 62 cohorts (comprising 270 571 people with disabilities). Pooled HRs for all-cause mortality were 2·02 (95% CI 1·77-2·30) for people with disabilities versus those without disabilities, with high heterogeneity between studies (τ2=0·23, I2=98%). This association varied by impairment type: from 1·36 (1·17-1·57) for visual impairment to 3·95 (1·60-9·74) for multiple impairments. The association was highest for children younger than 18 years (4·46, [3·01-6·59]) and lower in people aged 15-49 years (2·45 [1·21-4·97]) and people older than 60 years (1·97 [1·65-2·36]). INTERPRETATION People with disabilities had a two-fold higher mortality rate than people without disabilities in LMICs. Interventions are needed to improve the health of people with disabilities and reduce their higher mortality rate. FUNDING UK National Institute for Health and Care Research; and UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Smythe
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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26
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Callebaut A, Guyer P, Baker RL, Gallegos JB, Hohenstein AC, Gottlieb PA, Mathieu C, Overbergh L, Haskins K, James EA. An Insulin-Chromogranin A Hybrid Peptide Activates DR11-Restricted T Cells in Human Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2024; 73:743-750. [PMID: 38295386 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs) formed through covalent cross-linking of proinsulin fragments to secretory granule peptides are detectable within murine and human islets. The 2.5HIP (C-peptide-chromogranin A [CgA] HIP), recognized by the diabetogenic BDC-2.5 clone, is a major autoantigen in the nonobese diabetic mouse. However, the relevance of this epitope in human disease is currently unclear. A recent study probed T-cell reactivity toward HIPs in patients with type 1 diabetes, documenting responses in one-third of the patients and isolating several HIP-reactive T-cell clones. In this study, we isolated a novel T-cell clone and showed that it responds vigorously to the human equivalent of the 2.5HIP (designated HIP9). Although the responding patient carried the risk-associated DRB1*04:01/DQ8 haplotype, the response was restricted by DRB1*11:03 (DR11). HLA class II tetramer staining revealed higher frequencies of HIP9-reactive T cells in individuals with diabetes than in control participants. Furthermore, in DR11+ participants carrying the DRB4 allele, HIP9-reactive T-cell frequencies were higher than observed frequencies for the immunodominant proinsulin 9-28 epitope. Finally, there was a negative correlation between HIP9-reactive T-cell frequency and age at diagnosis. These results provide direct evidence that this C-peptide-CgA HIP is relevant in human type 1 diabetes and suggest a mechanism by which nonrisk HLA haplotypes may contribute to the development of β-cell autoimmunity. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïsha Callebaut
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Perrin Guyer
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Rocky L Baker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Joylynn B Gallegos
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Anita C Hohenstein
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A Gottlieb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Eddie A James
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
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27
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Huang HX, Hobson K, Benedetti C, Kennedy S. Water-soluble vitamins and trace elements in children with chronic kidney disease stage 5d. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1405-1419. [PMID: 37698654 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Children receiving maintenance dialysis (chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5d) have unique risk factors for micronutrient deficiency or toxicity. Children receiving chronic dialysis often require specialized diet plans that may provide more than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of water-soluble vitamins and micronutrients, with or without the addition of a kidney-friendly vitamin. The following is a comprehensive review of current literature on disorders of micronutrients in this population including those of water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C and vitamin B complexes) and trace elements (copper, selenium, and zinc) and has three areas of focus: (1) the risk factors and clinical presentations of disorders of micronutrients, both deficiency and toxicity, (2) the tools to evaluate micronutrient status, and (3) the central role of renal dietitians in optimizing nutritional status from a micronutrient perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly Hobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Sabina Kennedy
- Division of Nephrology, Emory University School of Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Office 316J, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Moghazy HM, Abdelhaliem NG, Mohammed SA, Hassan A, Abdelrahman A. Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high-fat diet- streptozocin rat model. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:779-795. [PMID: 38536493 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association guidelines (2021) confirmed the importance of raising public awareness of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment, highlighting the links between poor glycemic control and cognitive impairment. The characteristic brain lesions of cognitive dysfunction are neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and senile plaques formed of amyloid-β deposition, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), and highly homologous kinase tau tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1) can phosphorylate Tau proteins at different sites, overexpression of these enzymes produces extensive phosphorylation of Tau proteins making them insoluble and enhance NFT formation, which impairs cognitive functions. The current study aimed to investigate the potential contribution of liraglutide and pramlintide in the prevention of diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction and their effect on the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat model. T2D was induced by administration of a high-fat diet for 10 weeks, then injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ); treatment was started with either pramlintide (200 μg/kg/day sc) or liraglutide (0.6 mg/kg/day sc) for 6 weeks in addition to the HFD. At the end of the study, cognitive functions were assessed by novel object recognition and T-maze tests. Then, rats were sacrificed for biochemical and histological assessment of the hippocampal tissue. Both pramlintide and liraglutide treatment revealed equally adequate control of diabetes, prevented the decline in memory function, and increased PI3K/AKT expression while decreasing GSK-3β/TTBK1 expression; however, liraglutide significantly decreased the number of Tau positive cells better than pramlintide did. This study confirmed that pramlintide and liraglutide are promising antidiabetic medications that could prevent associated cognitive disorders in different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M Moghazy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | | | | | - Asmaa Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Amany Abdelrahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
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Hatamnejad A, Orr S, Dadak R, Khanani A, Singh R, Choudhry N. Anti-VEGF and steroid combination therapy relative to anti-VEGF mono therapy for the treatment of refractory DME: A systematic review of efficacy and meta-analysis of safety. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:e204-e214. [PMID: 37365698 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of combined anti-VEGF and steroid therapy in treatment refractory DME patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed articles reporting on visual, anatomical and adverse outcomes to compare the efficacy and safety of combined intravitreal anti-VEGF/steroids versus anti-VEGF monotherapy for refractory DME. Seven studies (4 RCTs and 3 observational studies) reporting on 452 eyes were included. Our systematic review showed that combination therapy is significantly more effective for anatomical outcomes in the treatment of resistant DME compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy in six studies. Two studies found that addition of intravitreal steroids promoted faster visual improvement, but not significantly better final visual outcomes compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy. Combination therapy was associated with a higher incidence of IOP-related adverse events (RR = 0.10, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.42], p = 0.002) and cataract-related adverse events (RR = 0.10, 95% CI = [0.01, 0.71], p = 0.02). Our systematic review and meta-analysis of seven studies and 452 eyes revealed that combination therapy of anti-VEGF and steroid intravitreal drugs in the management of treatment refractory DME resulted in superior anatomical outcomes in all but one study. Combination therapy led to superior short-term visual outcomes in two studies, while others reported no difference between treatment groups. Meta-analysis revealed that combination therapy was associated with more adverse events. Future research should provide guidance on the standard definitions for treatment resistance and therapeutic alternatives for DME patients with sub-optimal response to anti-VEGF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hatamnejad
- Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Orr
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vitreous Retina Macula Specialists of Toronto, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohan Dadak
- Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arshad Khanani
- Sierra Eye Associates, Reno, Nevada, USA
- The University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Rishi Singh
- Cleveland Clinic Martin Health System, Cleveland Clinic, Florida, USA
| | - Netan Choudhry
- Octane Imaging Lab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vitreous Retina Macula Specialists of Toronto, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cleveland Clinic Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bradford BF, Cronin RS, Okesene-Gafa KA, Apaapa-Timu THS, Shashikumar A, Oyston CJ. Diabetes in pregnancy: Women's views of care in a multi-ethnic, low socioeconomic population with midwifery continuity-of-care. Women Birth 2024; 37:101579. [PMID: 38296743 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes in pregnancy is diagnosed in 6% of pregnancies annually in Aotearoa-New Zealand, disproportionately affecting multi-ethnic, low socio-economic women. Little is known about the care experience of this population within the model of midwifery continuity-of-care, including views of telehealth care. AIM Increase understanding of the experience of diabetes in pregnancy care, including telehealth, among multi-ethnic, low socio-economic women receiving midwifery continuity-of-care. METHODS Qualitative interview study with primarily indigenous and migrant women who had diabetes in pregnancy and gave birth 6-18 months previously. Interviewers were matched with participants by ethnicity. Transcripts were analysed using Framework analysis. RESULTS Participants were 19 women (5 Māori, 5 Pacific Peoples, 5 Asian, 4 European). Data analysis revealed three key themes: 1) 'shock, shame, and adjustment' to the diagnosis 2) 'learning to manage diabetes in pregnancy' and 3) 'preparation for birth and beyond' to the postpartum period. DISCUSSION Receiving the diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy was a shock. Managing diabetes during pregnancy was particularly challenging for indigenous and migrant women, who wished for better access to culturally appropriate dietary and lifestyle information. Women appreciated having options of telehealth and face-to-face consultations. Preparation for birth and postpartum diabetes follow-up were areas requiring significant improvement. Challenges were mitigated through care from a consistent diabetes specialist midwife and community-based midwifery continuity-of-care. CONCLUSION Midwives were the backbone of diabetes in pregnancy care for this multi-ethnic, low socio-economic population. Care could be improved with more culturally appropriate diet and lifestyle information, better birth preparation, and expanded postpartum diabetes support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie F Bradford
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Monash Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Robin S Cronin
- Te Whatu Ora Counties Manukau, Health New Zealand, New Zealand; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karaponi A Okesene-Gafa
- Te Whatu Ora Counties Manukau, Health New Zealand, New Zealand; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Te Hao S Apaapa-Timu
- Te Whatu Ora Counties Manukau, Health New Zealand, New Zealand; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Asha Shashikumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte J Oyston
- Te Whatu Ora Counties Manukau, Health New Zealand, New Zealand; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Ushasree MV, Jia Q, Do SG, Lee EY. New opportunities and perspectives on biosynthesis and bioactivities of secondary metabolites from Aloe vera. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108325. [PMID: 38395206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Historically, the genus Aloe has been an indispensable part of both traditional and modern medicine. Decades of intensive research have unveiled the major bioactive secondary metabolites of this plant. Recent pandemic outbreaks have revitalized curiosity in aloe metabolites, as they have proven pharmacokinetic profiles and repurposable chemical space. However, the structural complexity of these metabolites has hindered scientific advances in the chemical synthesis of these compounds. Multi-omics research interventions have transformed aloe research by providing insights into the biosynthesis of many of these compounds, for example, aloesone, aloenin, noreugenin, aloin, saponins, and carotenoids. Here, we summarize the biological activities of major aloe secondary metabolites with a focus on their mechanism of action. We also highlight the recent advances in decoding the aloe metabolite biosynthetic pathways and enzymatic machinery linked with these pathways. Proof-of-concept studies on in vitro, whole-cell, and microbial synthesis of aloe compounds have also been briefed. Research initiatives on the structural modification of various aloe metabolites to expand their chemical space and activity are detailed. Further, the technological limitations, patent status, and prospects of aloe secondary metabolites in biomedicine have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrudulakumari Vasudevan Ushasree
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc., 2121 South street suite 400 Tacoma, Washington 98405, USA
| | - Seon Gil Do
- Naturetech, Inc., 29-8, Yongjeong-gil, Chopyeong-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27858, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Lee K, Kuang A, Bain JR, Hayes MG, Muehlbauer MJ, Ilkayeva OR, Newgard CB, Powe CE, Hivert MF, Scholtens DM, Lowe WL. Metabolomic and genetic architecture of gestational diabetes subtypes. Diabetologia 2024; 67:895-907. [PMID: 38367033 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Physiological gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subtypes that may confer different risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes have been defined. The aim of this study was to characterise the metabolome and genetic architecture of GDM subtypes to address the hypothesis that they differ between GDM subtypes. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of participants in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study who underwent an OGTT at approximately 28 weeks' gestation. GDM was defined retrospectively using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups/WHO criteria, and classified as insulin-deficient GDM (insulin secretion <25th percentile with preserved insulin sensitivity) or insulin-resistant GDM (insulin sensitivity <25th percentile with preserved insulin secretion). Metabolomic analyses were performed on fasting and 1 h serum samples in 3463 individuals (576 with GDM). Genome-wide genotype data were obtained for 8067 individuals (1323 with GDM). RESULTS Regression analyses demonstrated striking differences between the metabolomes for insulin-deficient or insulin-resistant GDM compared to those with normal glucose tolerance. After adjustment for covariates, 33 fasting metabolites, including 22 medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, were uniquely associated with insulin-deficient GDM; 23 metabolites, including the branched-chain amino acids and their metabolites, were uniquely associated with insulin-resistant GDM; two metabolites (glycerol and 2-hydroxybutyrate) were associated with the same direction of association with both subtypes. Subtype differences were also observed 1 h after a glucose load. In genome-wide association studies, variants within MTNR1B (rs10830963, p=3.43×10-18, OR 1.55) and GCKR (rs1260326, p=5.17×10-13, OR 1.43) were associated with GDM. Variants in GCKR (rs1260326, p=1.36×10-13, OR 1.60) and MTNR1B (rs10830963, p=1.22×10-9, OR 1.49) demonstrated genome-wide significant association with insulin-resistant GDM; there were no significant associations with insulin-deficient GDM. The lead SNP in GCKR, rs1260326, was associated with the levels of eight of the 25 fasting metabolites that were associated with insulin-resistant GDM and ten of 41 1 h metabolites that were associated with insulin-resistant GDM. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates that physiological GDM subtypes differ in their metabolome and genetic architecture. These findings require replication in additional cohorts, but suggest that these differences may contribute to subtype-related adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Lee
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan Kuang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Camille E Powe
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Jeram M, Coomarasamy C, MacCormick AD. Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Preoperative Bariatric Patients in a New Zealand Tertiary Centre. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1684-1692. [PMID: 38523171 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A potential complication of bariatric surgery is development of nutritional deficiencies. Study aims were to assess prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in preoperative bariatric patients and to examine for ethnic differences. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 573 patients that underwent bariatric surgery at Counties Manukau District Health Board was carried out. Mean preoperative levels of albumin, calcium, phosphate, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, magnesium, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, ferritin, iron, and transferrin were calculated. Chi square, fisher exact test, and multiple logistic regression was used to assess for differences in prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across ethnicities. RESULTS The most common micronutrient deficiency was vitamin D (30.85%). There were statistically significant differences in vitamin D deficiency across ethnicities (p < 0.0001). Asians had the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (60%), followed by Pacifica (44.57%), and Māori (31.68%). Asians were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency compared to NZ/Other Europeans (OR = 14.93, p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher BMI (OR = 1.05, p = 0.008). The second most common deficiency was iron (21.1%). Asians had the highest prevalence of iron deficiency (44%), followed by Māori (27.95%), and Pacifica (19.57%) (p = 0.0064). Compared to NZ/Other Europeans, Asians (OR = 4.26) and Māori (OR = 1.78) were more likely to be iron deficient (p = 0.004). Female gender was associated with iron deficiency (OR = 2.12, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Vitamin D and iron are the most common micronutrient deficiencies among preoperative bariatric patients in this cohort and ethnic differences were seen. There may be a role for preoperative supplementation in these at-risk ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megna Jeram
- Department of General Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Christin Coomarasamy
- Department of General Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Donald MacCormick
- Department of General Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Reddam A, Bloomquist TR, Covell LT, Hu H, Oberfield SE, Gallagher D, Miller RL, Goldsmith J, Rundle AG, Baccarelli AA, Herbstman JB, Kupsco A. Inverse associations of cord blood mitochondrial DNA copy number with childhood adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:989-998. [PMID: 38454311 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine associations between umbilical cord mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and adiposity across childhood. METHODS In a prospective birth cohort of Dominican and African American children from New York City, New York (1998-2006), mtDNAcn was measured in cord blood. Children (N = 336) were evaluated for their height, weight, and bioimpedance at age 5, 7, 9, and 11 years. We used linear mixed-effects models to assess associations of mtDNAcn tertiles in cord blood with child BMI, BMI z scores, fat mass index, and body fat percentage. Latent class growth models and interactions between mtDNAcn and child age or child age2 were used to assess associations between age and adiposity trajectories. RESULTS BMI was, on average, 1.5 kg/m2 higher (95% CI: 0.58, 2.5) in individuals with mtDNAcn in the low- compared with the middle-mtDNAcn tertile. Results were similar for BMI z score, fat mass index, and body fat percentage. Moreover, children in the low-mtDNAcn group had increased odds of being in an "increasing" or "high-stable" adiposity class. CONCLUSIONS Lower mtDNAcn at birth may predict greater childhood adiposity, highlighting the potential key role of perinatal mitochondrial function in adiposity during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalekhya Reddam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tessa R Bloomquist
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lindsey T Covell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heng Hu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Department of Pediatrics, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dympna Gallagher
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Yu H, Ma J, Gu Y, Zou W, Zhao N. Serum cell division cycle 42 reflects the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:185. [PMID: 38533430 PMCID: PMC10964736 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) regulates podocyte apoptosis to take part in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but currently the clinical evidence is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the capability of serum CDC42 expression level to estimate the development and progression of DN in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with type 2 DM (n=306) were enrolled and divided into normoalbuminuria (n=185), microalbuminuria (n=72) and macroalbuminuria (n=49) groups based on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Serum CDC42 was measured in all subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median (interquartile range) CDC42 in patients with DM was 0.461 (0.314-0.690) ng/ml (range, 0.087-1.728 ng/ml). CDC42 was positively associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (P<0.001), but negatively correlated with body mass index, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, serum creatine, serum uric acid and C reactive protein (all P<0.050). CDC42 levels were lowest in the macroalbuminuria group, followed by the microalbuminuria group, and were highest in the normoalbuminuria group (P<0.001). CDC42 indicated that it was a favorable estimator for the presence of albuminuria [area under the curve (AUC), 0.792; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.736-0.848] and macroalbuminuria (AUC, 0.845; 95% CI, 0.775-0.915). By analyses in four different multivariate logistic regression models, increased CDC42 was independently associated with the presence of microalbuminuria (all P<0.001), macroalbuminuria (most P<0.001) and microalbuminuria + macroalbuminuria (all P<0.001). Serum CDC42 level negatively correlated with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in patients with DM, suggesting its ability for estimating the development and progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Yu
- Clinic of Integrated Traditional and Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yueru Gu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- Clinic of Integrated Traditional and Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
- Department of Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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Shenton EK, Carter AG, Gabriel L, Slavin V. Improving maternal and neonatal outcomes for women with gestational diabetes through continuity of midwifery care: A cross-sectional study. Women Birth 2024; 37:101597. [PMID: 38547549 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2024.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEM Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a complication of pregnancy which may exclude women from midwife-led models of care. BACKGROUND There is a paucity of research evaluating the safety and feasibility of continuity of midwifery care (CoMC) for women with GDM. AIM To investigate the impact of CoMC on maternal and neonatal outcomes, for otherwise low-risk women with GDM. METHODS This exploratory cross-sectional study observed maternal and neonatal outcomes including onset of labour, augmentation, labour analgesia, mode of birth, perineal trauma, gestation at birth, shoulder dystocia, infant birth weight, neonatal feeding at discharge. FINDINGS Participants were 287 otherwise low-risk pregnant women, who developed GDM, and either received CoMC (n=36) or standard hospital maternity care (non-CoMC) (n=251). Women with GDM who received CoMC were significantly more likely to experience an spontaneous onset of labour (OR 6.3; 95% CI 2.7-14.5; p<.001), labour without an epidural (OR 4.2; 95% CI 2.0 - 9.2,<0.001) and exclusively breastfeed (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.26 - 14.32; p=0.02). DISCUSSION Receiving CoMC may be a public health initiative which not only improves maternal and neonatal outcomes, but also long-term morbidity associated with GDM. CONCLUSION Findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting CoMC improves maternal and neonatal outcomes and is likely a safe and viable option for otherwise low-risk women with GDM. Larger studies are recommended to confirm findings and explore the full impact of CoMC for women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K Shenton
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, Murdoch, WA 6153, Australia.
| | - Amanda G Carter
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia
| | - Laura Gabriel
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia
| | - Valerie Slavin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD 4131, Australia; Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Corrêa EL, Cotian LFP, Lourenço JW, Lopes CM, Carvalho DR, Strobel R, Junior OC, Strobel KM, Schaefer JL, Nara EOB. Overview of the Last 71 Years of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Content Analysis and Meta-analysis to Investigate the Topic and Scientific Evolution. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1885-1908. [PMID: 38485892 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic, and bariatric surgery has become increasingly popular due to its effectiveness in treating it. Therefore, understanding this area is of paramount importance. This article aims to provide an understanding of the development of the topic related to procedures, content, data, and status. To achieve this objective, a literature review and a bibliometric analysis were conducted. The methods provided insight into the current state and relevant topics over time. In conclusion, the article provided the identification of the transformation of the research field, initially focused only on physical aspects, to a more complex approach, which also incorporates psychological and social aspects and the correlation between obesity, bariatric surgery, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Corrêa
- Department of Production and Systems Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, 1155, Brazil
| | - Luís F P Cotian
- Department of Production and Systems Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, 1155, Brazil
| | - Jordam W Lourenço
- Department of Production and Systems Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, 1155, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Lopes
- Department of Production and Systems Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, 1155, Brazil
| | - Deborah R Carvalho
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, 1155, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Strobel
- Gastrovida: Bariatric and Metabolic Surgical Center, Curitiba, 433, Brazil
| | - Osiris C Junior
- Department of Production and Systems Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, 1155, Brazil
| | - Kamyla M Strobel
- Gastrovida: Bariatric and Metabolic Surgical Center, Curitiba, 433, Brazil
| | - Jones L Schaefer
- Department of Production and Systems Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, 1155, Brazil
| | - Elpídio O B Nara
- Department of Production and Systems Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, 1155, Brazil.
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Kaplan G, Beler M, Ünal I, Karagöz A, Eğilmezer G, Üstündağ ÜV, Cansız D, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Diethylhexyl phthalate exposure amplifies oxidant and inflammatory response in fetal hyperglycemia model predisposing insulin resistance in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:232-243. [PMID: 38467557 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241238475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Exposure of zebrafish embryos to glucose is a suitable model for the fetal hyperglycemia seen in gestational diabetes. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which is considered an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is one of the most common phthalate derivatives used in stretching plastic and is encountered in every area where plastic is used in daily life. In the present study, the effects of DEHP on pathways related to insulin resistance and obesity were examined in zebrafish embryos exposed to glucose as a fetal hyperglycemia model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to DEHP, glucose, and glucose + DEHP for 72 h post-fertilization (hpf), and developmental parameters and locomotor activities were monitored. At 72 hpf ins, lepa, pparγ, atf4a, and il-6 expressions were determined by RT-PCR. Glucose, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) levels, glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Compared with the control group, glucose, LPO, GST activity, il6, and atf4a expressions increased in all exposure groups, while body length, locomotor, and SOD activities decreased. While AChE activity decreased in the DEHP and glucose groups, it increased in the glucose + DEHP group. Although glucose exposure increased pparγ and lepa expressions, DEHP significantly decreased the expressions of pparγ and lepa both in the DEHP and glucose + DEHP groups. Our findings showed that DEHP amplified oxidant and inflammatory responses in this fetal hyperglycemia model, predisposing insulin resistance in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Kaplan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ünal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atakan Karagöz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Eğilmezer
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Veli Üstündağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Maximiano TKE, Carneiro JA, Fattori V, Verri WA. TRPV1: Receptor structure, activation, modulation and role in neuro-immune interactions and pain. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102870. [PMID: 38531262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In the 1990s, the identification of a non-selective ion channel, especially responsive to capsaicin, revolutionized the studies of somatosensation and pain that were to follow. The TRPV1 channel is expressed mainly in neuronal cells, more specifically, in sensory neurons responsible for the perception of noxious stimuli. However, its presence has also been detected in other non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, β- pancreatic cells, muscle cells and adipocytes. Activation of the channel occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli, such as noxious heat, low pH, gasses, toxins, endocannabinoids, lipid-derived endovanilloid, and chemical agents, such as capsaicin and resiniferatoxin. This activation results in an influx of cations through the channel pore, especially calcium. Intracellular calcium triggers different responses in sensory neurons. Dephosphorylation of the TRPV1 channel leads to its desensitization, which disrupts its function, while its phosphorylation increases the channel's sensitization and contributes to the channel's rehabilitation after desensitization. Kinases, phosphoinositides, and calmodulin are the main signaling pathways responsible for the channel's regulation. Thus, in this review we provide an overview of TRPV1 discovery, its tissue expression as well as on the mechanisms by which TRPV1 activation (directly or indirectly) induces pain in different disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaila Kawane Euflazio Maximiano
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Aparecida Carneiro
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Karp Research Building, 300 Longwood Ave, 02115, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Joshi G, Das A, Verma G, Guchhait P. Viral infection and host immune response in diabetes. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:242-266. [PMID: 38063433 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder disrupting blood sugar regulation, has emerged as a prominent silent pandemic. Uncontrolled diabetes predisposes an individual to develop fatal complications like cardiovascular disorders, kidney damage, and neuropathies and aggravates the severity of treatable infections. Escalating cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes correlate with a global upswing in diabetes-linked mortality. As a growing global concern with limited preventive interventions, diabetes necessitates extensive research to mitigate its healthcare burden and assist ailing patients. An altered immune system exacerbated by chronic hyperinflammation heightens the susceptibility of diabetic individuals to microbial infections, including notable viruses like SARS-CoV-2, dengue, and influenza. Given such a scenario, we scrutinized the literature and compiled molecular pathways and signaling cascades related to immune compartments in diabetics that escalate the severity associated with the above-mentioned viral infections in them as compared to healthy individuals. The pathogenesis of these viral infections that trigger diabetes compromises both innate and adaptive immune functions and pre-existing diabetes also leads to heightened disease severity. Lastly, this review succinctly outlines available treatments for diabetics, which may hold promise as preventive or supportive measures to effectively combat these viral infections in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Joshi
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Anushka Das
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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Célind J, Bygdell M, Bramsved R, Martikainen J, Ohlsson C, Kindblom JM. Low birthweight and overweight during childhood and young adulthood and the risk of type 2 diabetes in men: a population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 2024; 67:874-884. [PMID: 38386069 PMCID: PMC10954927 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to determine the relative contributions of low birthweight and overweight during childhood and young adulthood to the risk of type 2 diabetes in men. METHODS We included 34,231 men born between1945 and 1961 from the population-based BMI Epidemiology Study (BEST) Gothenburg with data on birthweight and overweight status in childhood (8 years, BMI >17.9 kg/m2) and young adulthood (20 years, BMI >25 kg/m2). Participants were followed from age 30 years until 31 December 2019. Information on type 2 diabetes diagnoses was retrieved from Swedish national registers. HRs and 95% CIs for the risk of early (≤59.4 years) and late (>59.4 years) type 2 diabetes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During follow-up, a total of 2733 cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed. Birthweight below the median (<3.6 kg) and overweight at age 20 (BMI >25 kg/m2), but not overweight at age 8 (BMI >17.9 kg/m2), were associated with an increased risk of early and late type 2 diabetes. Of note, a birthweight below the median followed by overweight at age 20 years was associated with a substantially increased risk of early type 2 diabetes (HR 6.07, 95% CI 5.08, 7.27), and a low birthweight (≤2.5 kg) combined with overweight at age 20 years was associated with a massive risk of early type 2 diabetes (HR 9.94, 95% CI 6.57, 15.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Low birthweight and overweight in young adulthood are the major developmental determinants of adult type 2 diabetes risk in men. They contribute in an additive manner to the risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, young adult overweight should be avoided, especially in boys with a low birthweight. DATA AVAILABILITY The SPSS analysis code, the R analysis code and a data dictionary have been made available in an online repository ( https://osf.io/bx2as/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Célind
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Bygdell
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Bramsved
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jari Martikainen
- Bioinformatics and Data Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny M Kindblom
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Alameddine D, Satam K, Slade M, Wang H, Mena-Hurtado C, Turner J, Inzucchi SE, Ochoa Chaar CI. Insulin Requirement and Infrainguinal Bypass Outcomes in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 102:25-34. [PMID: 38307234 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for peripheral artery disease. The association of DM with major adverse limb events (MALE) after lower extremity revascularization remains controversial, as patients with diabetes are typically analyzed as a single, homogenous group. Using a large national database, this study examines the impact of insulin use and glycemic control on the outcomes following infrainguinal bypass. The hypothesis is that prevalent insulin therapy and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are associated with an increased risk of MALEs after infrainguinal bypass in patients with DM and could therefore be used for risk stratification. METHODS The Vascular Quality Initiative database files for infrainguinal bypass (2007-2021) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with DM undergoing bypass for peripheral artery disease were included. Patients on dialysis or with prior kidney transplantation were excluded. The characteristics and outcomes of patients with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus (IRDM) were compared to those of patients not requiring insulin (noninsulin-requiring diabetes mellitus [NIRDM]) prior to the bypass procedure. RESULTS A total of 9,686 patients with DM (56% IRDM) underwent bypass. Patients with IRDM were significantly younger than patients with NIRDM, more likely to be female (P < 0.01), African American (P < 0.01), and Hispanic (P = 0.031), and more likely to have comorbidities and be categorized into American Society of Anesthesiologist classes IV-V. They were more likely to be treated for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (P < 0.001). Patients with IRDM had significantly higher perioperative complications with no difference in perioperative mortality between the 2 groups. Beyond the perioperative period, with a mean follow-up of 427 days, patients with IRDM had significantly lower crude rates of primary patency and higher crude rates of major amputation, MALE, and mortality compared to patients with NIRDM. Regression analyses demonstrated that insulin requirement, but not HbA1c, was independently associated with a higher risk of MALE (hazard ratio = 1.17 [1.06-1.29]) and mortality (hazard ratio = 1.28 [1.16-1.43]). CONCLUSIONS Insulin requirement, but not HbA1c, is significantly associated with MALEs and survival after infrainguinal bypass in the Vascular Quality Initiative. Stratification of patients with DM based on their prevalent insulin use prior to infrainguinal bypass surgery could improve the prediction of outcomes of peripheral arterial bypass surgery in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Alameddine
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Keyuree Satam
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Stanford Hospital, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Martin Slade
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos Mena-Hurtado
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeffrey Turner
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Silvio E Inzucchi
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cassius Iyad Ochoa Chaar
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Dean YE, Motawea KR, Aslam M, Pintado JJL, Popoola‐Samuel HAO, Salam M, Dundi POR, Donaldy W, Aledani EM, Alqiqie Z, Sultana N, Mohamed ARH, Elalem A, Syeda STH, Mohamed MS, Assal MW, Attia NM, Hagar H, Abdelaziz HA, Subedi A, Elbahaie A, Hazimeh Y, Aiash H. Association Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e473. [PMID: 38597269 PMCID: PMC11005101 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses have shown mixed results regarding the association between eating disorders (EDs) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our paper aimed to analyse different EDs and disordered eating behaviours that may be practiced by patients with T1DM. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted on 17 January 2023, using the key terms "T1DM," "Eating Disorders" and "Bulimia." Only observational controlled studies were included. The Revman software (version 5.4) was used for the analysis. RESULTS T1DM was associated with increased risk of ED compared with nondiabetic individuals (RR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.84-3.32, p-value < 0.00001), especially bulimia nervosa (RR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.18-6.65, p-value = 0.02) and binge eating (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.18-1.98, p-value = 0.001). Our analysis has shown that increased risk of ED among T1DM persisted regardless of the questionnaire used to diagnose ED; DM-validated questionnaires (RR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.91-4.12, p-value < 0.00001) and generic questionnaires (RR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.27-3.23, p-value = 0.003). Prevalence of insulin omission/misuse was 10.3%; diabetic females demonstrated a significantly higher risk of insulin omission and insulin misuse than diabetic males. CONCLUSION Our study establishes a significant and clear connection between EDs and T1DM, particularly bulimia and binge eating, with T1DM. Moreover, female diabetics are at higher risk of insulin misuse/omission. Early proactive screening is essential and tailored; comprehensive interventions combining diabetes and ED components are recommended for this population, with referral to a specialised psychiatrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna E. Dean
- Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | | | - Muaaz Aslam
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al‐Nahyan Medical and Dental CollegeLahorePakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amir Elalem
- Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Hanan Hagar
- Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
| | | | - Anuj Subedi
- Prithvi Narayan Community HospitalGorkhaNepal
| | | | | | - Hani Aiash
- SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
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Aguilar-Guadarrama AB, Díaz-Román MA, Osorio-García M, Déciga-Campos M, Rios MY. Chemical Constituents from Agave applanata and Its Antihyperglycemic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activities Associated with Its Tissue Repair Capability. Planta Med 2024; 90:397-410. [PMID: 38365219 DOI: 10.1055/a-2270-5527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Agave applanata is a Mexican agave whose fresh leaves are employed to prepare an ethanol tonic used to relieve diabetes. It is also applied to skin to relieve varicose and diabetic foot ulcers, including wounds, inflammation, and infections. In this study, the chemical composition of this ethanol tonic is established and its association with antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing activities is discussed. The fresh leaves of A. applanata were extracted with ethanol : H2O (85 : 15). A fraction of this extract was lyophilized, and the remainder was partitioned into CH2Cl2, n-BuOH, and water. CH2Cl2 and n-BuOH fractions were subjected to a successive open column chromatography process. The structure of the isolated compounds was established using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry spectra. The antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated through in vivo sucrose and glucose tolerance experiments, as well as ex vivo intestinal absorption and hepatic production of glucose. Wound healing and edema inhibition were assayed in mice. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the hydroalcoholic extract, its fractions, and pure compounds were determined through agar microdilution against the most isolated pathogens from diabetic foot ulcers. Fatty acids, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, hecogenin (1: ), N-oleyl-D-glucosamine, β-daucosterol, sucrose, myo-inositol, and hecogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (2: ) were characterized. This research provides evidence for the pharmacological importance of A. applanata in maintaining normoglycemia, showing anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial effects against the microorganisms frequently found in diabetic foot ulcers. This plant plays an important role in wound healing and accelerated tissue reparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica Aideé Díaz-Román
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, México
| | - Maribel Osorio-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, México
| | - Myrna Déciga-Campos
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Yolanda Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, México
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Costa RM, Cerqueira DM, Francis L, Bruder-Nascimento A, Alves JV, Sims-Lucas S, Ho J, Bruder-Nascimento T. In utero exposure to maternal diabetes exacerbates dietary sodium intake-induced endothelial dysfunction by activating cyclooxygenase 2-derived prostanoids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E555-E566. [PMID: 38446637 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00009.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes has been recognized as a significant cardiovascular risk factor, increasing the susceptibility to the emergence of conditions such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and heart disease in later stages of life. However, it is unclear if offspring exposed to diabetes in utero have worse vascular outcomes on a high-salt (HS) diet. To test the hypothesis that in utero exposure to maternal diabetes predisposes to HS-induced vascular dysfunction, we treated adult male wild-type offspring (DM_Exp, 6 mo old) of diabetic Ins2+/C96Y mice (Akita mice) with HS (8% sodium chloride, 10 days) and analyzed endothelial function via wire myograph and cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostanoids pathway by ELISA, quantitative PCR, and immunochemistry. On a regular diet, DM_Exp mice did not manifest any vascular dysfunction, remodeling, or inflammation. However, HS increased aortic contractility to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction (analyzed by acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation), vascular hydrogen peroxide production, COX2 expression, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) overproduction. Interestingly, ex vivo antioxidant treatment (tempol) or COX1/2 (indomethacin) or COX2 (NS398) inhibitors improved or reverted the endothelial dysfunction in DM_Exp mice fed a HS diet. Finally, DM_Exp mice fed with HS exhibited greater circulating cytokines and chemokines accompanied by vascular inflammation. In summary, our findings indicate that prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes predisposes to HS-induced vascular dysfunction, primarily through the induction of oxidative stress and the generation of COX2-derived PGE2. This supports the concept that in utero exposure to maternal diabetes is a cardiovascular risk factor in adulthood.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a unique mouse model of prenatal exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes, our study demonstrates the novel observation that prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes results in a predisposition to high-salt (HS) dietary-induced vascular dysfunction and inflammation in adulthood. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that in utero exposure to maternal diabetes and HS intake induces vascular oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandin E2, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Débora Malta Cerqueira
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Nephrology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lydia Francis
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Nephrology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Nephrology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Nephrology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Dashti Z, Yousefi Z, Kiani P, Taghizadeh M, Maleki MH, Borji M, Vakili O, Shafiee SM. Autophagy and the unfolded protein response shape the non-alcoholic fatty liver landscape: decoding the labyrinth. Metabolism 2024; 154:155811. [PMID: 38309690 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise, mirroring a global surge in diabetes and metabolic syndrome, as its major leading causes. NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can potentially progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, we know the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a protective cellular mechanism, being triggered under circumstances of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The hepatic UPR is turned on in a broad spectrum of liver diseases, including NAFLD. Recent data also defines molecular mechanisms that may underlie the existing correlation between UPR activation and NAFLD. More interestingly, subsequent studies have demonstrated an additional mechanism, i.e. autophagy, to be involved in hepatic steatosis, and thus NAFLD pathogenesis, principally by regulating the insulin sensitivity, hepatocellular injury, innate immunity, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. All these findings suggest possible mechanistic roles for autophagy in the progression of NAFLD and its complications. Both UPR and autophagy are dynamic and interconnected fluxes that act as protective responses to minimize the harmful effects of hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as the ER stress during NAFLD. The functions of UPR and autophagy in the liver, together with findings of decreased hepatic autophagy in correlation with conditions that predispose to NAFLD, such as obesity and aging, suggest that autophagy and UPR, alone or combined, may be novel therapeutic targets against the disease. In this review, we discuss the current evidence on the interplay between autophagy and the UPR in connection to the NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dashti
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeynab Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Kiani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahareh Taghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Borji
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Jung WK, Park SB, Yu HY, Kim J. Improvement effect of gemigliptin on salivary gland dysfunction in exogenous methylglyoxal-injected rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29362. [PMID: 38628768 PMCID: PMC11019235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The symptom of hyposalivation associated with hypofunction of the salivary glands is a common feature of diabetes. Inadequate saliva production can cause tissue damage in the mouth, making it susceptible to infections and leading to oral health diseases. Previous studies have highlighted the harmful effects of methylglyoxal (MGO) and MGO-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetes. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, against MGO-induced salivary gland dysfunction. MGO treatment of immortalized human salivary gland acinar cells induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathways, but this effect was mitigated by gemigliptin. In vivo experiments involved the simultaneous administration of MGO (17.25 mg/kg) with aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg) and gemigliptin (10 and 100 mg/kg) daily to rats for two weeks. Gemigliptin increased the saliva volume and amylase levels in MGO-injected rats. Gemigliptin reduced the DPP-4 activity in both the salivary glands and serum of MGO-injected rats. Furthermore, gemigliptin exerted anti-glycation effects by reducing the accumulation of AGEs in the saliva, salivary glands, and serum and suppressing the expression of the receptor for AGEs. These actions protected the salivary gland cells from ROS-mediated apoptosis. Overall, gemigliptin protected the salivary gland cells from ROS-mediated cell death, reduced the accumulation of amylase and mucins in the salivary glands, and enhanced the salivary function by upregulating aquaporin 5 expression, and it exerted protective effects against MGO-induced salivary gland dysfunction by enhancing the anti-glycation, antioxidant, and salivary secretion activities. Our findings suggest gemigliptin as a potential therapeutic for patients with salivary gland dysfunction caused by the complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kwon Jung
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Hwa Young Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
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Liang D, Liu L, Qi Y, Nan F, Huang J, Tang S, Tang J, Chen N. Jin-Gui-Shen-Qi Wan alleviates fibrosis in mouse diabetic nephropathy via MHC class II. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 324:117745. [PMID: 38228231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jin-Gui-Shen-Qi Wan (JGSQW) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been traditionally used to alleviate urinary system ailments such as frequent urination and polyuria. Clinical studies have indicated that when combined with hypoglycaemic drugs, JGSQW exhibits a synergistic effect and can improve diabetic nephropathy (DN), yet its underlying mechanism and targets remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of JGSQW and its underlying mechanisms using a DN db/db mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was utilized to analyse the primary active compounds, blood levels, and pharmacokinetics of JGSQW. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of JGSQW and metformin on blood glucose levels, lipid levels, renal function, and renal pathology in diabetic nephropathy mice were investigated using a db/db mouse model. Proteomic analysis was carried out to identify the primary target of JGSQW in treating DN. The mechanism of action was verified by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Then, molecular docking and molecular dynamics, transfection, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay and cell thermal migration assay (CETSA) further validated the targeted binding effect. RESULTS JGSQW combined with metformin significantly improved the blood glucose levels, blood lipids, renal function, and renal pathology of DN mice. JGSQW mainly exerted its therapeutic effect on DN by targeting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules. Immunohistochemistry results showed that JGSQW inhibited the expression of collagen I, fibronectin, and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that JGSQW inhibited the expression of H2-Ab1 and H2-Aa, which are MHC class II molecules, thereby suppressing CD4+ T-cell infiltration and improving diabetic kidney fibrosis. The binding ability of paeoniflorin to H2-Aa was predicted and verified by molecular, DARTS, and CETSA assays. Treatment with 80 μM paeoniflorin effectively alleviated high glucose-induced injury in the MPC-5 injury model. H2-Aa was overexpressed at this model concentration, and Western blotting further confirmed that paeoniflorin reduced glomerular podocyte fibrosis by regulating H2-Aa. CONCLUSIONS JGSQW combined with metformin may have a synergistic effect to alleviates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by downregulating immune complex MHC class II molecules and attenuating the antigen presentation effect of MHC class II on CD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yulin Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Feng Nan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ju Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Tomoda Y, Kobayashi M. An in vitro study of metformin adsorption to activated charcoal. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38646866 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2338556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin is a biguanide used to manage patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, metabolic acidosis with an elevated lactate concentration and death caused by metformin overdoses are toxicological concerns. Although activated charcoal has been widely used for gastrointestinal decontamination in cases of acute poisoning, there is no evidence regarding its efficacy in treating metformin overdoses. We therefore evaluated the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for metformin in vitro. METHODS Activated charcoal (specific surface area: 1,080 m2/g) mixed with various concentrations of metformin solution was dissolved in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids at 37° Celsius. The suspension was then filtered and the metformin concentration in the filtrate was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The maximum adsorptive capacity for metformin was calculated using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation. RESULTS The amount of metformin adsorbed per gram of activated charcoal ranged from 0.7 to 8.1 mg/g at pH 1.2, and from 8.4 to 48.2 mg/g at pH 6.8. The corresponding maximum adsorptive capacities were 10.6 mg/g and 55.9 mg/g respectively. DISCUSSION The maximum adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal for metformin was similar to that of its capacity for other poorly adsorbed substances. This is likely because metformin is water-soluble and has high polarity-factors that correlate with poor adsorption on activated charcoal. CONCLUSIONS The maximum adsorption of metformin by activated charcoal was low. Therefore, activated charcoal may not be effective for treating patients with metformin overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tomoda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Research and Education Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu W, Hu XC, Huang H, He MT. Hsa_circ_0006260 Mediates Trophoblast Function by Fibronectin Type III Domains Containing Protein 5 via Interacting with miR-770-5p. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10789-3. [PMID: 38642175 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
A series of studies have confirmed the relationship between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and metabolic diseases. Hsa_circ_0006260 has been reported to be lowly expressed in the placenta of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients, but the underlying mechanism and its biological functions remain obscure. Placental tissues were collected from 37 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 37 pregnant women with GDM. Expression changes of hsa_circ_0006260 in placentas and high glucose (HG)-stimulated HTR-8/SVneo cells were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and migration were determined by cell counting and transwell assays, respectively. Measurement of cytokines was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis was estimated by flow cytometry assay. The molecular mechanisms were identified using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays. Hsa_circ_0006260 expression was remarkably lowered in GDM patient-derived placentas and HG-stimulated HTR-8/SVneo cells. Functionally, hsa_circ_0006260 overexpression weakened HG-mediated repression of HTR-8/SVneo cell viability and migration, as well as promotion of HTR-8/SVneo cell inflammatory response and apoptosis. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0006260 functioned as a miR-770-5p decoy to mediate fibronectin type III domains containing protein 5 (FNDC5) expression. Ectopic expression of miR-770-5p weakened hsa_circ_0006260 overexpression-mediated repression of HG-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell dysfunction. Also, FNDC5 knockdown lessened miR-770-5p overexpression-mediated promotion of HG-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell dysfunction. Our findings manifested a novel mechanism by which hsa_circ_0006260 could lower HG-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell dysfunction by upregulating FNDC5 via binding to miR-770-5p, which shed new light on circRNA mediated GDM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Haikou Hospital of the Maternal and Child Health, No. 6 Wentan Road, Qiongshan District, Haikou, 570000, Hainan, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 19 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Haikou Hospital of the Maternal and Child Health, No. 6 Wentan Road, Qiongshan District, Haikou, 570000, Hainan, China
| | - Meng-Ting He
- Department of Obstetrics, Haikou Hospital of the Maternal and Child Health, No. 6 Wentan Road, Qiongshan District, Haikou, 570000, Hainan, China
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