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Khoury JE, Atkinson L, Gonzalez A. A longitudinal study examining the associations between prenatal and postnatal maternal distress and toddler socioemotional developmental during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infancy 2024; 29:412-436. [PMID: 38329905 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Elevated psychological distress, experienced by pregnant women and parents, has been well-documented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most research focuses on the first 6-months postpartum, with single or limited repeated measures of perinatal distress. The present longitudinal study examined how perinatal distress, experienced over nearly 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, impacted toddler socioemotional development. A sample of 304 participants participated during pregnancy, 6-weeks, 6-months, and 15-months postpartum. Mothers reported their depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, at each timepoint. Mother-reported toddler socioemotional functioning (using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment) was measured at 15-months. Results of structural equation mediation models indicated that (1) higher prenatal distress was associated with elevated postpartum distress, from 6-weeks to 15-months postpartum; (2) associations between prenatal distress and toddler socioemotional problems became nonsignificant after accounting for postpartum distress; and (3) higher prenatal distress was indirectly associated with greater socioemotional problems, and specifically elevated externalizing problems, through higher maternal distress at 6 weeks and 15 months postpartum. Findings suggest that the continued experience of distress during the postpartum period plays an important role in child socioemotional development during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Khoury
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Metropolitan Toronto University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Li Y, Cheng S, Chen X, Gao M, Chen C, Huba EM, Li Z, Crittenden J, Li T. What makes residents participate in the rural toilet revolution? Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2024; 19:100343. [PMID: 38163048 PMCID: PMC10755533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
•Motivation of Chinese rural residents to participate in RTR identified•Motivational model of Chinese rural resident participating in RTR is constructed•Model includes intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and impacts of RTR policy•RTR policy may influence rural residents' final decision to participate RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shikun Cheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Mingjun Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | | | - Zifu Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, GA, United States
| | - Tianxin Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Novotný J, Borde R, Ficek F, Kumar A. The process, outcomes and context of the sanitation change induced by the Swachh Bharat Mission in rural Jharkhand, India. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:997. [PMID: 38609876 PMCID: PMC11015623 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Indian Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched in 2014 with the goal to make India open defecation (OD) free by October 2019. Although it is known that the ambitious goal was not achieved, the nature of the sanitation change brought about by the SBM in different parts of India is poorly understood. One reason is a dearth of case studies that would shed light on the performance of the SBM simultaneously across its different domains. This article provides an example of such study. Employing a Process, Outcomes, Context approach, the objective is to understand the process and outcomes of the SBM-induced sanitation change in a specific context of rural Jharkhand. METHODS The study utilizes data collected through field research conducted in the rural areas of Ranchi district, Jharkhand, a state in east-central India. This data was obtained via repeated cross-sectional household surveys conducted at the beginning and at the end of the SBM, supplemented by key informant interviews with SBM stakeholders. FINDINGS We identified political support of SBM implementation and its acceptance amongst the population. Female community workers became key agents of SBM implementation at local level. The SBM increased toilet coverage in the study area from 15% to 85% and lowered the OD rate from 93% to 26%. It substantially reduced structural inequalities in access to toilets, furthered social sanitation norms, improved some of the attitudes towards toilet use, but impacted less on hygiene and sanitation knowledge. The implementation mainly concentrated on the construction of subsidized toilets but less on improving public understanding of safe sanitation practices. CONCLUSIONS Although the SBM reduced sanitation inequalities in access to toilets in the study area, the behaviour change component was underplayed, focusing more on spreading normative sanitation messages and less on public education. Sustainability of the observed sanitation change remains a key question for the future. This article calls for more systematic production of geographically situated knowledge on the performance of sanitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Novotný
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6,, Prague,, Czechia.
| | | | - František Ficek
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6,, Prague,, Czechia
| | - Anant Kumar
- Xavier Institute of Social Service, Purulia Road, 834001, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Gizaw Z, Yalew AW, Bitew BD, Lee J, Bisesi M. Animal Handling Practice Among Rural Households in Northwest Ethiopia Increases the Risk of Childhood Diarrhea and Exposure to Pathogens From Animal Sources. Environ Health Insights 2024; 18:11786302241245057. [PMID: 38596430 PMCID: PMC11003343 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241245057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Background In Ethiopia, domestic animals and their feces are not properly contained. However, the risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens is not well documented. This study was conducted to assess animal handling practices and the risk of childhood diarrhea among rural households in northwest Ethiopia. Methods This study was done among 403 randomly selected households. Information on animal handling was collected using a questionnaire and spot-check observation. The occurrence of childhood diarrhea in 14 days prior to the survey was assessed based on the reports of female head of households. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between animal handling practices and childhood diarrhea. Results All the female head of households had contact with animal feces when preparing fuel disks and plastering the house components with animal dung. Domestic animals shared a corral within the living space of the humans in 20% of the households. Animals entered the human living quarters and accessed foods in 32% of the households. Moreover, 24% of the children aged 24 to 59 months had diarrhea in a 2-week period prior to the survey. Childhood diarrhea was associated with domestic animals sharing the same house as humans (AOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 8.6), presence of animal excreta in child playing areas (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.6), contact of domestic animals with stored foods (AOR: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.0, 5.9), trapped dirt under fingernails of female heads (AOR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.9, 7.5), open defecation (AOR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.8, 5.9), and unprotected sources (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 15.3). Conclusion Domestic animals and their excreta are not hygienically contained in the area. Animal handling practices including their excreta and the hygiene behavior of female head of households (eg, handwashing and food handling practices) should be improved to prevent childhood diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemichael Gizaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Global One Health Initiative (GOHi), the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Bikes Destaw Bitew
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Bisesi
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Ryan SC, Sugg MM, Runkle JD, Wertis L, Singh D, Greene S. Short-term changes in mental health help-seeking behaviors following exposure to multiple social stressors and a natural disaster. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116843. [PMID: 38603916 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In 2020, unprecedented circumstances led to significant mental health consequences. Individuals faced mental health stressors that extended beyond the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including widespread social unrest following the murder of George Floyd, an intense hurricane season in the Atlantic, and the politically divisive 2020 election. The objective of this analysis was to consider changes in help-seeking behavior following exposure to multiple social stressors and a natural disaster. Data from Crisis Text Line (CTL), a national text-based mental health crisis counseling service, was used to determine how help-seeking behavior changed in the wake of each event. Wilcoxon rank sum tests assessed changes in help-seeking behavior for each event in 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019. AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models examined if changes in crisis conversation volumes following each event differed. Higher median conversation volumes noted for the COVID-19 pandemic (+1 to +5 conversations), Hurricane Laura (+1 to +7 conversations) and the 2020 Election (+1 to +26 conversations). ARIMA models show substantial increases in help-seeking behavior following the declaration of a national emergency for the COVID-19 pandemic (+4.3 to +38.2%) and following the 2020 election (+3 to +24.44%). Our analysis found that the mental health response following social stressors may be distinct from natural events, especially when natural disasters occur in the context of multiple social stressors. This analysis adds to the growing body of literature considering the mental health impact of exposure to multiple co-occurring societal stressors, like police violence and a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Ryan
- Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone NC, 28607, USA.
| | - Margaret M Sugg
- Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone NC, 28607, USA
| | - Jennifer D Runkle
- North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC, 27695, USA
| | - Luke Wertis
- Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone NC, 28607, USA
| | - Devyani Singh
- Data Team, Crisis Text Line, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Greene
- Data Team, Crisis Text Line, New York City, New York, USA
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Lu W, Ngai CSB, Yi L. A Bibliometric Review of Constituents, Themes, and Trends in Online Medical Consultation Research. Health Commun 2024; 39:229-243. [PMID: 36581497 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2163108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging form of health care with accelerated growth in recent years, online medical consultation (OMC) has received extensive attention worldwide. Although the number of studies on OMC has increased substantially, few provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of OMC's research constituents, themes, and trends. This study, therefore, extracted 1,801 OMC-related articles published in English from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database during the past 30 years and employed a bibliometric analysis of WoS and CiteSpace to examine major constituents' distribution, collaboration relationships, themes, and trends. The results indicate that the United States, England, and China contributed the most to the proliferation of OMC studies. The United States had the greatest academic influence and the most collaborative connections, while China demonstrated the sharpest increase and most active development in recent years. However, there is a lack of substantial and close collaboration between researchers worldwide. The main themes of OMC research were Internet hospitals, COVID-19, mixed methods, online health community, and information technology. Researchers have recently shifted their attention to social media, management, efficacy, word of mouth, mental health, and anxiety. This review paper provides researchers and practitioners with a holistic and clear understanding of the features and trends of OMC research. It also identifies potential areas for future OMC research and sheds light on OMC practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Lu
- The Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Cindy Sing Bik Ngai
- The Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Li Yi
- School of Foreign Languages, Sun Yat-Sen University
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Guo X. An analysis of a rural hospital's investment decision under different payment systems. Health Econ 2024; 33:714-747. [PMID: 38155476 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
From an economic perspective, large investments in medical equipment are justifiable only when many patients benefit. Although rural hospitals play a crucial role locally, the treatments they can offer are limited. In this study, I characterize investment level that maximizes the total surplus, encompassing patients' welfare and producer surplus, and subtracting treatment costs. Specifically, I account for economic externalities generated by the investment in the rural hospital and for different utility losses that patients suffer when they cannot be treated locally. I demonstrate that the optimal investment level can be implemented if the Health Authority has the power to set specific prices for each disease. Additionally, I explore a decentralized situation wherein the investment decision lies with the rural hospital manager, and the Health Authority can only make a discrete decision between two payment systems: Fee-for-service, which covers all treatment costs, or Diagnosis-Related-Groups, which reimburses a price per patient based on the overall average cost. I find that the Diagnosis-Related-Groups system outperforms the Fee-for-service in terms of total surplus when the treatment cost at the rural hospital is lower. However, when the rural hospital has higher costs and the Health Authority seeks to incentivize investment, the Fee-for-service system is superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidong Guo
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Wall A, Burton L, Perkins E. Organizational response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with moral distress in community mental health teams in the UK: A qualitative study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:378-387. [PMID: 37828702 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In March 2020, Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) rapidly spread across the globe impacting the mental health of the population and putting an overwhelming pressure on health services. Much has been written about the impact of the pandemic on health-care workers working in hospital settings but less attention has been paid to its effect on community mental health teams (CMHTs). This study is based on 21 remote interviews with community mental health professionals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis whereby codes of similar meaning were grouped into main themes. Analysis identified three major contributors to moral distress; changes in the nature of contact with service users, changes to the place of work, and difficulties of balancing risks to the families of CMHT staff and service users. This study demonstrates that necessary organizational changes instituted to minimize the spread of COVID-19, required different ways of working which were not perceived to be in the best interests of service users or the families of CMHT staff. In order to comply with Government directives, CMHT staff were forced to behave in a way which did not match their moral values causing them to experience moral distress.
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Koly KN, Saba J, Rao M, Rasheed S, Reidpath DD, Armstrong S, Gnani S. Stakeholder perspectives of mental healthcare services in Bangladesh, its challenges and opportunities: a qualitative study. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e37. [PMID: 38572252 PMCID: PMC10988148 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores Bangladesh's mental health services from an individual- and system-level perspective and provides insights and recommendations for strengthening it's mental health system. We conducted 13 in-depth interviews and 2 focus group discussions. Thirty-one participants were recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling methods. All interviews and group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed, and key findings were translated from Bengali to English. Data were coded manually and analysed using a thematic and narrative analysis approach. Stakeholders perceived scarcity of service availability at the peripheral level, shortage of professionals, weak referral systems, lack of policy implementation and regulatory mechanisms were significant challenges to the mental health system in Bangladesh. At the population level, low levels of mental health literacy, high societal stigma, and treatment costs were barriers to accessing mental healthcare. Key recommendations included increasing the number of mental health workers and capacity building, strengthening regulatory mechanisms to enhance the quality of care within the health systems, and raising awareness about mental health. Introducing measures that relate to tackling stigma, mental health literacy as well as building the capacity of the health workforce and governance systems will help ensure universal mental health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar Koly
- Health System & Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jobaida Saba
- Health System & Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mala Rao
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sabrina Rasheed
- Health System & Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel D. Reidpath
- Health System & Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Stephanie Armstrong
- School of Health and Social Care, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Shamini Gnani
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Islam MA, Nahar MT, Siddiquee T, Toma AS, Hoque F, Hossain MZ. Prevalence and determinants of utilizing skilled birth attendance during home delivery of pregnant women in India: Evidence from the Indian Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295389. [PMID: 38452023 PMCID: PMC10919655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utilization of skilled birth attendance during home delivery of pregnant women is proven to reduce complications during and after childbirth. Though the utilization of skilled birth attendance (SBA) during home delivery has increased significantly in recent times, the rate of utilizing skilled birth attendance is still low in several regions across India. The objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence and to identify the determinants of the utilization of skilled birth attendance during home delivery of pregnant women in India. METHODS To conduct this study, data and information from the Indian Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16 have been utilized. The sample size for this study is a weighted sample of 41,171 women. The sample consisted of women who had given a live birth in the three years preceding the survey. For women with more than one child, only the first live birth was considered. The binary logistic regression model and the log-binary logistic regression analysis have been applied as the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals for identifying the determinants of home-based skilled birth attendance during delivery. That allows us to select the most appropriate model for our study objective by ensuring that the determinants of skilled birth attendance for home delivery are accurately assessed based on the characteristics of the data. RESULTS The analyses show that only 18.8% of women had utilized skilled birth attendance during delivery. Women residing in urban areas are more likely to utilize skilled birth attendance during home delivery (AOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20). Women having higher education levels are associated with increased use of SBA during home delivery (AOR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04-1.28). Exposure to media is associated with increased utilization of SBA (AOR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.11-1.23). Overweight women are also more likely to avail the SBA during home delivery (AOR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.19). Women belonging to affluent households have higher odds of utilizing skilled birth attendance (AOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.33-1.49). Having 3+ tetanus injections is associated with the utilization of SBA (AOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.43-1.69). Women having 4+ antenatal care visits were more likely to utilize SBA (AOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.71-1.92). Women belonging to the Hindu religion were 1.12 times more likely to utilize SBA (AOR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.07-1.18). Women with 1 to 3 birth orders were 1.40 times more likely to utilize skilled birth attendance during home delivery (AOR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.30-1.51). CONCLUSION The percentage of women utilizing skilled birth attendance during home delivery is still very low which is a matter of serious concern. Several factors have been found to be associated with the utilization of SBA during home delivery in India. As skilled birth attendance has significant positive health outcomes for pregnant women and newborns, efforts to increase the rate of SBA utilization during home delivery should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Akhtarul Islam
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Tanmin Nahar
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjim Siddiquee
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Sultana Toma
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering & Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Hoque
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zobayer Hossain
- Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Pescosolido BA, Green HD. Who has mental health problems? Comparing individual, social and psychiatric constructions of mental health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:443-453. [PMID: 37069339 PMCID: PMC10108793 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The persistent gap between population indicators of poor mental health and the uptake of services raises questions about similarities and differences between social and medical/psychiatric constructions. Rarely do studies have assessments from different perspectives to examine whether and how lay individuals and professionals diverge. METHODS Data from the Person-to-Person Health Interview Study (P2P), a representative U.S. state sample (N ~ 2700) are used to examine the overlap and correlates of three diverse perspectives-self-reported mental health, a self/other problem recognition, and the CAT-MH™ a validated, computer adaptive test for psychopathology screening. Descriptive and multinominal logit analyses compare the presence of mental health problems across stakeholders and their association with respondents' sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Analyses reveal a set of socially constructed patterns. Two convergent patterns indicate whether there is (6.9%, The "Sick") or is not (64.6%, The "Well") a problem. The "Unmet Needers" (8.7%) indicates that neither respondents nor those around them recognize a problem identified by the screener. Two patterns indicate clinical need where either respondents (The "Self Deniers", 2.9%) or others (The "Network Deniers", 6.0%) do not. Patterns where the diagnostic indicator does not suggest a problem include The "Worried Well" (4.9%) where only the respondent does, The "Network Coerced" (4.6%) where only others do, and The "Prodromal" (1.4%) where both self and others do. Education, gender, race, and age are associated with social constructions of mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS The implications of these results hold the potential to improve our understanding of unmet need, mental health literacy, stigma, and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice A Pescosolido
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts & Sciences and the Irsay Institute, Indiana University, IN, Bloomington, USA.
| | - Harold D Green
- Department of Applied Health, School of Public Health and the Irsay Institute, Indiana University, IN, Bloomington, USA
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Lee DW, Jang J, Shin J. Association between area deprivation index and concerns to COVID-19: A multi-level analysis of individual and area factors. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101580. [PMID: 38283539 PMCID: PMC10818255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been one of the most serious global threats to public health recently. The present study examined whether area deprivation is associated with concerns related to COVID-19 using large nationwide data across South Korea. Methods We used nationwide 2020 Korea Community Health Survey and official government database. Of the 225,680 included participants, 123,324 (54.6%) were women, and the mean age was 54.9 [17.8] years old. We classified the Area deprivation index (ADI) into Quartile 1 (Least deprived); Quartile 2; Quartile 3; and Quartile 4 (Most deprived). Our primary outcome was the concerns related to COVID-19 (0-16 scores). Multilevel regression analysis was conducted. Results The mean score of concerns related to COVID-19 was 11.3 [3.2] in the total population. 13.5% of the variability in the scores of concerns related to COVID-19 was accounted for by district areas. Area with Q4 of ADI were associated with an increased score of concerns related to COVID-19 (Q1: reference; Q2: β = 0.218, SE = 0.119, FDR adj.p-value = 0.085; Q3: β = 0.235, SE = 0.133, FDR adj.p-value = 0.094; Q4: β = 0.252, SE = 0.109, FDR adj.p-value = 0.029). 19-49 groups in area with Q4 of ADI were associated with an increase in scores of concerns related to COVID-19 than other age groups in area with Q4 of ADI. Area with Q4 of ADI were associated with a score of concern of being criticized if getting infected compared to area with Q1 of ADI. Conclusion We found that the highest quartile ADI was associated with greater concerns related to COVID-19. By identifying vulnerable population to concerns related to COVID-19, health systems may consider preventive intervention to mitigate mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Woong Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Hospital Administration, Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Dubey I, Bishain R, Dasgupta J, Bhavnani S, Belmonte MK, Gliga T, Mukherjee D, Lockwood Estrin G, Johnson MH, Chandran S, Patel V, Gulati S, Divan G, Chakrabarti B. Using mobile health technology to assess childhood autism in low-resource community settings in India: An innovation to address the detection gap. Autism 2024; 28:755-769. [PMID: 37458273 PMCID: PMC10913299 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231182801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism is diagnosed by highly trained professionals- but most autistic people live in parts of the world that harbour few or no such autism specialists and little autism awareness. So many autistic people go undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and misunderstood. We designed an app (START) to identify autism and related conditions in such places, in an attempt to address this global gap in access to specialists. START uses computerised games and activities for children and a questionnaire for parents to measure social, sensory, and motor skills. To check whether START can flag undiagnosed children likely to have neurodevelopmental conditions, we tested START with children whose diagnoses already were known: Non-specialist health workers with just a high-school education took START to family homes in poor neighbourhoods of Delhi, India to work with 131 two-to-seven-year-olds. Differences between typically and atypically developing children were highlighted in all three types of skills that START assesses: children with neurodevelopmental conditions preferred looking at geometric patterns rather than social scenes, were fascinated by predictable, repetitive sensory stimuli, and had more trouble with precise hand movements. Parents' responses to surveys further distinguished autistic from non-autistic children. An artificial-intelligence technique combining all these measures demonstrated that START can fairly accurately flag atypically developing children. Health workers and families endorsed START as attractive to most children, understandable to health workers, and adaptable within sometimes chaotic home and family environments. This study provides a proof of principle for START in digital screening of autism and related conditions in community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Dubey
- University of Reading, UK
- University of Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Matthew K Belmonte
- University of Reading, UK
- The Com DEALL Trust, India
- Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Teodora Gliga
- University of East Anglia, UK
- University of London, UK
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14
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Mahdavifar N, Kalan Farmanfarma K, Hiteh M, Mohammadian M, Abbasian A, Vafi Sani F, Khosrorad R, Salehiniya H. COVID-19 pandemic and the prevalence of domestic violence against Iranian married women. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:51-59. [PMID: 37731301 PMCID: PMC10932794 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Domestic violence is an important public health and human rights problem. In most countries of the world, including Iran, the COVID-19 pandemic made quarantine necessary to reduce the disease transmission rate. Therefore, due to the spread of the COVID-19 disease and the emergence of mandatory quarantine conditions, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of domestic violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, which was done in 2020, 240 married women were investigated. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection was performed through virtual networks using standard questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics (relative frequencies, mean, and standard deviation) were used to determine the extent of violence. Independent t-test and Chi-square were used to analyze the data of the relation between the types of violence with independent variables. Also, the data were analyzed using the logistic regression model. RESULTS In this study, 240 married women with a mean age of 36.27 were studied. The highest frequency was related to social violence (56.3%), and the lowest was related to financial and verbal violence (11.7%). In addition, a significant relationship was observed between sexual violence and age (p-value < 0.05). A significant relationship was also observed between social violence and education [(OR = 1.99)] Jobs [(OR = 2.4, CI = 95%, 1.30-4.4), quarantine duration [(OR = 1.94, CI = 95%, 0.98-3.7)] and underlying diseases [OR = 1.90]. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of domestic violence against women during quarantine indicates the poor health of women in society. Therefore, the roots of violence against women and methods to reduce this problem should be sought. Therefore, identification of subjects at risk and raising women's knowledge may be useful for the prevention of domestic violence and its physical and psychological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mahdavifar
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, NonCommunicable Diseases Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Masoud Hiteh
- Sabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Maryam Mohammadian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health and SafetyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Abbasian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Vafi Sani
- Department of Operating Room, School of Allied Medical SciencesSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Razieh Khosrorad
- Department of Health Education, School of HealthSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
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Sirotiak Z, Thomas EBK, Wade NG, Brellenthin AG. Associations between forgiveness and physical and mental health in the context of long COVID. J Psychosom Res 2024; 178:111612. [PMID: 38367371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forgiveness has been positively associated with health in those with functional disorders. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships among dimensions of forgiveness and physical and mental health in individuals with and without long COVID. METHODS Adults (N = 4316) in the United States took part in an online survey study detailing long COVID presence, physical and mental health, and trait forgiveness. T-tests were performed to assess differences in types of trait forgiveness between individuals with and without long COVID. Linear regression models assessed the contribution of demographic covariates and forgiveness subscales to the physical and mental health of individuals with and without long COVID. RESULTS Of 4316 participants, 379 (8.8%) reported current long COVID. Participants were an average age of 43.7, and most identified as female (51.9%), white (87.8%), and non-Hispanic/Latino (86.6%). Individuals with long COVID reported significantly less forgiveness of self (p < 0.001, d = 0.33), forgiveness of others (p = 0.004, d = 0.16), and forgiveness of situations (p < 0.001, d = 0.34) than those without long COVID. Among the long COVID sample, forgiveness of self and situations were positively associated with mental health (p < 0.05), but not physical health (p > 0.05). Forgiveness of others was negatively associated with both physical and mental health (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Forgiveness may be an important consideration in understanding health among individuals with long COVID, emphasizing the importance of developing a multifaceted understanding of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Sirotiak
- Iowa State University, Department of Kinesiology, USA; University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, USA
| | - Emily B K Thomas
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, USA
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16
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Yoo N, Jang SH. Does social empathy moderate fear-induced minority blaming during the COVID-19 pandemic? Soc Sci Med 2024; 346:116719. [PMID: 38447336 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the minority-blaming phenomenon in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic amplified fear, discrimination, and structural inequalities among minoritized groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study identified who was blamed for the spread of COVID-19 and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with this blame. Additionally, it examines the roles of individual and interpersonal fear and social empathy in minority blaming. We measured the fear of COVID-19 at both individual and interpersonal levels. Individual fear was assessed through personal health concerns, while the fear of transmitting the virus to others was measured as interpersonal fear. Social empathy was defined by macro perspective-taking, cognitive empathy, self-other awareness, and affective responses. The study was conducted through an online survey involving a quota sample of 1,500 South Korean participants aged 19-69 years, based on age, gender, and residential area. The response was collected in December 2020, when mass infections in specific communities received attention from mass and social media before the national spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analytical strategies, including OLS and hierarchical regression models, were employed to examine the roles of socioeconomic factors, individual and interpersonal fear, and social empathy in minority blaming. This study found varying correlations between sociodemographic factors and attitudes toward ethnic, religious, sexual, economic, and age-minority groups. Individual fear of contracting COVID-19 was associated with increased blame across all minority groups. In contrast, interpersonal fear was associated with increased blame only for ethnic and religious minority groups. Similarly, social empathy presented mixed associations, as it displayed a buffering role on blaming ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities when considered alongside interpersonal fear, yet mildly intensified blame for economic and age minorities. These findings provide an understanding on fear-induced minority blaming during the pandemic and the potential role of social empathy in mitigating blame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Yoo
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, 1 Washington Square N, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Sou Hyun Jang
- Department of Sociology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Shah B, Mahapatra A, Singh UN, Mishra V, Daha SK, Pande R, Neupane MR, Banjade A, Khatik CB, K. C. TB, Mandal RK, Pokharel S, Gupta R, G. C. KB. Internalized stigma related to COVID-19 and its psychosocial and mental health correlates: a multicentric health facility based observational study from Nepal. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1276369. [PMID: 38419690 PMCID: PMC10900515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1276369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to physical and psychological complications and social consequences in the form of illness-related stigma. This study aimed (1) to assess the sociodemographic and clinical variable, as well as COVID-19 related knowledge and perception of persons admitted for COVID-19/Suspected COVID-19 in Nepal, (2) to determine their levels of COVID-19- related internalized stigma, depression, and anxiety symptoms, and (3) to evaluate the correlates of COVID-19- related internalized stigma. Materials and methods It was a cross-sectional exploratory study with a convenience sample of 395 participants (306 confirmed cases, 89 suspected cases) conducted between July-October 2020 in four health facilities in Madhesh and Lumbini provinces of Nepal. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to assess sociodemographic details, clinical information, COVID-19-related knowledge, perception, COVID-19-related internalized stigma, and the Hamilton Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) in Nepali language. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and linear regression analyses were performed. The level of statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results Around 23.3% of the patients had anxiety symptoms, 32.9% had depressive symptoms, and 20.3% had high COVID-19-related internalized stigma (mean ISMI score: 2.51-4.00). Linear regression analyses showed a significant positive association of COVID-19-related internalized stigma total score, with the following eight factors, i.e., no income in the past one month (p = 0.013), below average socioeconomic status (p = 0.004), anxiety symptoms (p = <0.001), depressive symptoms (p = <0.001), recent testing positive for COVID-19 (p = <0.001), involuntary admission (p = <0.001), prior experience of being in isolation and quarantine (p = 0.045), and those who blame others for COVID-19 (p = 0.025). Conclusion COVID-19 survivors and suspects are vulnerable to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and COVID-19-related internalized stigma. For the first time from Nepal, our data suggests that COVID-19-related internalized stigma is associated with anxiety and depression symptoms, perceived below-average socioeconomic status, involuntary admission, prior experience of being in isolation and quarantine, recent COVID-19 positive report, self-blame, below-average socioeconomic status and no income in the past one month. Mitigating and preventing internalized stigma associated with a public health crisis such as COVID-19 is imperative by diagnosing and treating such mental health issues early and designing interventions and policies especially targeting vulnerable populations focusing on their economic background and socio-cultural beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigya Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Patan Hospital, Patan, Nepal
| | - Ananya Mahapatra
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital and Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vilok Mishra
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Nepal
| | | | - Rajan Pande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bheri Hospital, Nepalgunj, Nepal
| | | | - Anita Banjade
- Department of Pediatrics, Suny downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | - Samjhana Pokharel
- Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI), Jagaran Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Krishna Bahadur G. C.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Patan Hospital, Patan, Nepal
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18
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Rothe J, Brückner G, Ring M, Roessner V, Wolff N, Vetter NC. Emotions and worries during 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic - how adults with and without mental health conditions coped with the crisis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:114. [PMID: 38336631 PMCID: PMC10858480 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID 19 pandemic, there were social restrictions with severe mental stress for a long time. Most studies on mental health consequences of the pandemic focused primarily on the beginning of the pandemic. The present study on families of patients or study participants of a child and adolescent psychiatry aimed to examine long-term profiles of emotions and worries in adults with and without mental health condition (mhc) during the first 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We surveyed emotions and worries of 128 adults with (n = 32) and without (n = 96) pre-pandemic mhc over a 1.5-year study period from spring 2020 until summer/autumn 2021. Emotions and worries were captured at four time points: [i] pre-pandemic, [ii] spring 2020 (first lockdown was implemented), [iii] December 2020 (hard lockdown at Christmas time) and [iv] summer/autumn 2021 (considerable ease of regulations); [i] pre-pandemic and [iii] December 2020 were measured retrospectively). First, we run non-parametric tests to compare emotions and worries between adults with and without pre-pandemic mhc at the four time points. Next, we conducted latent profile analysis to identify subgroups from the total sample who share similar trajectories of emotions and worries. Finally, a logistic regression analysis was run to examine whether socio-demographic and psycho-social factors were related to identified trajectories of emotions and worries. RESULTS Adults without pre-pandemic mhc reported a strong worsening of emotions and worries at the beginning of the pandemic and a lower worsening during the course, while adults with pre-pandemic mhc reported a constant worsening of emotions and worries. The latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of adults who show either i) an adaption, ii) no adaption or iii) a continuous high condition. With increasing age, higher perceived stress and pre-pandemic mhc, the likelihood of an adaption was increased. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggested that adults (both with and without pre-pandemic mhc) coped the crisis with different strategies and that most of them returned to their initial, pre-pandemic levels of emotions and worries when social restrictions were considerably eased or stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Rothe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Greta Brückner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Ring
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Wolff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora C Vetter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Arévalo Avalos MR, Xu J, Figueroa CA, Haro-Ramos AY, Chakraborty B, Aguilera A. The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy text messages on mood: A micro-randomized trial. PLOS Digit Health 2024; 3:e0000449. [PMID: 38381747 PMCID: PMC10880955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The StayWell at Home intervention, a 60-day text-messaging program based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles, was developed to help adults cope with the adverse effects of the global pandemic. Participants in StayWell at Home were found to show reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms after participation. However, it remains unclear whether the intervention improved mood and which intervention components were most effective at improving user mood during the pandemic. Thus, utilizing a micro-randomized trial (MRT) design, we examined two intervention components to inform the mechanisms of action that improve mood: 1) text messages delivering CBT-informed coping strategies (i.e., behavioral activation, other coping skills, or social support); 2) time at which messages were sent. Data from two independent trials of StayWell are included in this paper. The first trial included 303 adults aged 18 or older, and the second included 266 adults aged 18 or older. Participants were recruited via online platforms (e.g., Facebook ads) and partnerships with community-based agencies aiming to reach diverse populations, including low-income individuals and people of color. The results of this paper indicate that participating in the program improved and sustained self-reported mood ratings among participants. We did not find significant differences between the type of message delivered and mood ratings. On the other hand, the results from Phase 1 indicated that delivering any type of message in the 3 pm-6 pm time window improved mood significantly over sending a message in the 9 am-12 pm time window. The StayWell at Home program increases in mood ratings appeared more pronounced during the first two to three weeks of the intervention and were maintained for the remainder of the study period. The current paper provides evidence that low-burden text-message interventions may effectively address behavioral health concerns among diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvyn R. Arévalo Avalos
- School of Social Welfare, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jing Xu
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline Astrid Figueroa
- School of Social Welfare, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management, Delft Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alein Y. Haro-Ramos
- School of Public Health, Health Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Bibhas Chakraborty
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, United States of America
| | - Adrian Aguilera
- School of Social Welfare, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Trachtingot I, Maytles R, Bergman YS. Subjective Nearness-to-Death and COVID-19 Worries Among Ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel: The Moderating Role of Israeli Identity and Sense of Community. J Relig Health 2024; 63:838-850. [PMID: 38216833 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The Ultra-Orthodox community in Israel is characterized by close everyday contact and a strong sense of community. While the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in global uncertainty, fear, and fatalities, this group was particularly affected by the pandemic. Accordingly, the current study examines whether subjective nearness-to-death was associated with increased COVID-19 concerns, and whether Israeli identity and sense of community moderate this association. Data were gathered from 255 Israeli Ultra-Orthodox Jews, and results yielded a significant link between subjective nearness-to-death and COVID-19 worries, moderated by both moderators. Results are discussed in line with terror management theory, and theoretical/practical implications are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Maytles
- Department of Social Work, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav S Bergman
- Faculty of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, 12 Ben-Tzvi St., 78211, Ashkelon, Israel.
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Kumar A, Dhadwal Y, Yadav V, Sharma B. A cross-sectional study of knowledge, taboos, and attitudes towards menstruation. Ethn Health 2024; 29:208-219. [PMID: 38117236 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2023.2293450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level of knowledge and comprehension surrounding puberty and menstruation. It can substantially impact women's overall health. This cross-sectional study is conducted to get insights about menstrual knowledge, attitudes and taboos among college and university female students in Haryana. METHODS A survey was conducted to investigate the experiences of menstruation among female students from government universities and colleges. Respondents were categorized on the basis of age, education qualification, and background setting. Random sampling was used to ensure participation from six administrative zones. The chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance, and the analysis was built around the p-value. RESULTS The data reveals that there is no significant association between the age of the participants and their awareness of menstruation, scientific knowledge related to menstruation, or their personal relationships with mother, father, or family members. Similarly, there is no significant association between the participants' scientific knowledge and their level of education. However, there is a significant association between participants' personal relationships and level of education (p = .025). Additionally, a significant association was observed between taboos and level of education (p = .025). CONCLUSION Age, residential area, and educational levels do not seem to significantly impact participants' awareness and knowledge. This study highlights the influence of personal equations and education on attitudes and beliefs surrounding menstruation. The significant association between personal relationships and education underscores the importance of a supportive family. The persistence of menstrual taboos among undergraduates suggests that there is still a need for comprehensive and inclusive menstrual health education. This study also addressed the sustainable developmental goals for good health and well-being. Future studies should focus on exploring cultural factors such as religious beliefs and cultural norms in more detail to develop interventions that may help improve menstrual health outcomes among college and university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Yukti Dhadwal
- Institute of Mass Communication and Media Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Vinit Yadav
- Institute of Mass Communication and Media Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Bindu Sharma
- Institute of Mass Communication and Media Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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Sanders JE, Seale A, Lewis V, Arundel M, Csiernik R. A Feasibility Study of the SAFE Pilot Program: A University-School Board Partnership in Ontario. Res Soc Work Pract 2024; 34:201-216. [PMID: 38047058 PMCID: PMC10691957 DOI: 10.1177/10497315231159059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The Support and Aid to Families Electronically (SAFE) pilot program was developed through a community-university partnership to support parents of elementary students in Ontario, while providing stable practicums for social work students in the midst of COVID-19 restrictions. Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine the feasibility of the SAFE pilot program as a mental health support to families by examining three feasibility objectives: demand, acceptably, and implementation. Method: Qualitative data from interviews, focus groups, and qualitative surveys involving service users, social work students, referring school board and university professionals (n = 37) were examined. Results: Demand for SAFE extended beyond the pandemic. A high-level of acceptance of SAFE was identified. Areas of success and considerations for implementation are outlined. Discussion: This study provides practice guidance on implementing this unique program, with potential to address gaps in service provision and the ongoing crisis in field education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Sanders
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Seale
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Lewis
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M.K. Arundel
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rick Csiernik
- School of Social Work, King's University College at Western University Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Mc Brearty C, Bisaillon L, Dorval M, Nabi H, Desbiens C, Lemieux J, Théberge V, Baghdadli A, Lauzier S, Savard J. Disruptions in Cancer Care Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Women with Breast Cancer: A Mixed-Methods Study. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:801-817. [PMID: 38392053 PMCID: PMC10887748 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated if fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) levels and the proportion of women having a clinical level of FCR differed by whether women had or had not experienced disruptions in their cancer tests and treatments due to the pandemic. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods study between November 2020 and March 2021 among women diagnosed with breast cancer in the previous five years at the time of their entry in the study. Women completed a questionnaire online assessing disruptions in breast cancer tests and treatments due to the pandemic and the severity subscale of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with a subsample of 24 participants and were thematically analyzed. RESULTS The proportion of patients with a clinical level of FCR was significantly higher among those who experienced the postponement or cancellation of diagnostic and disease progression tests (e.g., blood tests, X-rays, or magnetic resonance imaging; adjusted PR = 1.27 95% CI = 1.13-1.43). Qualitative findings suggest that FCR was exacerbated by the pandemic context. In particular, perceived or actual barriers to care access due to the pandemic were identified as significant FCR-enhancing factors. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the need to keep diagnostic and progression tests as timely as possible to prevent increases in FCR levels and offer counselling about FCR when postponing or cancellation are inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mc Brearty
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.M.B.); (L.B.); (J.S.)
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (M.D.); (H.N.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Laurie Bisaillon
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.M.B.); (L.B.); (J.S.)
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (M.D.); (H.N.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Michel Dorval
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (M.D.); (H.N.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- CISSS de Chaudière—Appalaches Research Center, Lévis, QC G6V 3Z1, Canada
| | - Hermann Nabi
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (M.D.); (H.N.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christine Desbiens
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
- Centre des Maladies du Sein, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Julie Lemieux
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
- Centre des Maladies du Sein, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Valérie Théberge
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
- Centre des Maladies du Sein, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Amel Baghdadli
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Sophie Lauzier
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (M.D.); (H.N.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Josée Savard
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.M.B.); (L.B.); (J.S.)
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; (M.D.); (H.N.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (C.D.); (J.L.); (V.T.); (A.B.)
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24
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Sakr CJ, Assaf SA, Fakih L, Dakroub S, Rahme D, Musharrafieh U, Khater B, Naous J, Romani M, Tannous J, Zahreddine N, Fakhreddine M, Itani M, Zalaquett N, Honein G. Hospitals' Collaborations Strengthen Pandemic Preparedness: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:321. [PMID: 38338207 PMCID: PMC10855495 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic strained healthcare systems around the world. This study aims to understand the preparedness of private remote hospitals in Lebanon to respond to the pandemic and evaluate the impact of inter-hospital collaborations on the hospitals' readiness. METHODS A multi-centered study was conducted between August 2020 and June 2021 in ten Lebanese private remote hospitals based on a mixed-methods embedded approach where the quantitative supported the qualitative. Through the AUB-USAID (American University of Beirut-United States Agency for International Development) COVID-19 project, these hospitals received personal protective equipment and medical equipment in addition to COVID-19-related training using the Train-the-Trainer model. The quantitative part used knowledge and evaluation questionnaires and a pre-post-intervention hospital preparedness checklist. The qualitative approach adopted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample from key hospital personnel. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. For the qualitative data, a thematic analysis was performed by adopting the six-phase process described by Braun and Clarke. RESULTS Of the 393 healthcare workers who attended the training and completed the evaluation questionnaire, 326 completed the pre- and post-training knowledge questionnaire. A significant improvement was observed in mean knowledge scores following training for infection control, nursing, and polymerase chain reaction sampling staff (p-value < 0.001, p-value < 0.001, and p-value = 0.006, respectively), but not for housekeeping staff. More than 93% of the participants showed high trainer and content evaluation scores. As for the hospitals' preparedness assessments, there was a clear improvement in the pre- and post-assessment scores for each hospital, and there was a significant difference in the mean of the total scores of partner hospitals pre- and post-USAID-AUB project (p-value = 0.005). These findings were supported by the qualitative analysis, where nine hospitals expressed the positive impact of the USAID-AUB intervention in improving their preparedness to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic at a critical time when it was highly needed. Despite the intervention, persistent challenges remained. CONCLUSIONS A timely and proactive collaborative program between academic/tertiary care centers and remote community hospitals that includes sharing supplies and expertise is feasible and highly effective during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine J. Sakr
- Employee Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (C.J.S.); (L.F.); (S.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Sara A. Assaf
- Employee Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (C.J.S.); (L.F.); (S.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Lina Fakih
- Employee Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (C.J.S.); (L.F.); (S.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Saada Dakroub
- Employee Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (C.J.S.); (L.F.); (S.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Diana Rahme
- Employee Health Unit, Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (C.J.S.); (L.F.); (S.D.); (D.R.)
| | - Umayya Musharrafieh
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (U.M.); (B.K.); (J.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Beatrice Khater
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (U.M.); (B.K.); (J.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Jihane Naous
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (U.M.); (B.K.); (J.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Maya Romani
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (U.M.); (B.K.); (J.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Joseph Tannous
- Infection Prevention and Control Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (J.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nada Zahreddine
- Infection Prevention and Control Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (J.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Mohammad Fakhreddine
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (M.F.); (M.I.); (N.Z.)
| | - Mira Itani
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (M.F.); (M.I.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nader Zalaquett
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (M.F.); (M.I.); (N.Z.)
| | - Gladys Honein
- Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
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25
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Knight KR. The Clinical Evolutions of Surveillance and Violence During Three Contemporary US Crises: Opioid Overdose, COVID-19, and Racial Reckoning. Cult Med Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s11013-023-09842-4. [PMID: 38227118 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-023-09842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In 2020, three crises coalesced to transform the clinical care landscape of addiction medicine in the United States (US). The opioid overdose crisis (crisis #1), which had been contributing to excess US mortality for over two decades, worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic (crisis #2). The racial reckoning (crisis #3) spurred by the murder of George Floyd at the hands of police impacted clinical care, especially in safety net clinical settings where the majority of people targeted by police violence, and other forms of structural violence, receive healthcare to mend both physical and psychological wounds. Collectively, the three crises changed how providers and patients viewed their experiences of clinical surveillance and altered their relationships to the violence of US healthcare. Drawing from two different research studies conducted during the years preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2022) with low income, safety net patients at risk for opioid overdose and their care providers, I analyze the relationship between surveillance and violence in light of changes wrought by these three intersecting health and social crises. I suggest that shifting perceptions about surveillance and violence contributed to clinical care innovations that offer greater patient autonomy and transform critical components of addiction medicine care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ray Knight
- Dept. of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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26
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Vakkalanka JP, Gadag K, Lavin L, Ternes S, Healy HS, Merchant KAS, Scott W, Wiggins W, Ward MM, Mohr NM. Telehealth Use and Health Equity for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Telemed J E Health 2024. [PMID: 38227387 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: As a result of the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE), telehealth utilization accelerated to facilitate health care management and minimize risk. However, those with mental health conditions and substance use disorders (SUD)-who represent a vulnerable population, and members of underrepresented minorities (e.g., rural, racial/ethnic minorities, the elderly)-may not benefit from telehealth equally. Objective: To evaluate health equality in clinical effectiveness and utilization measures associated with telehealth for clinical management of mental health disorders and SUD to identify emerging patterns for underrepresented groups stratified by race/ethnicity, gender, age, rural status, insurance, sexual minorities, and social vulnerability. Methods: We performed a systematic review in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL through November 2022. Studies included those with telehealth, COVID-19, health equity, and mental health or SUD treatment/care concepts. Our outcomes included general clinical measures, mental health or SUD clinical measures, and operational measures. Results: Of the 2,740 studies screened, 25 met eligibility criteria. The majority of studies (n = 20) evaluated telehealth for mental health conditions, while the remaining five studies evaluated telehealth for opioid use disorder/dependence. The most common study outcomes were utilization measures (n = 19) or demographic predictors of telehealth utilization (n = 3). Groups that consistently demonstrated less telehealth utilization during the PHE included rural residents, older populations, and Black/African American minorities. Conclusions: We observed evidence of inequities in telehealth utilization among several underrepresented groups. Future efforts should focus on measuring the contribution of utilization disparities on outcomes and strategies to mitigate disparities in implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Priyanka Vakkalanka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Khyathi Gadag
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lauren Lavin
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sara Ternes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Heather S Healy
- Hardin Library for the Health Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kimberly A S Merchant
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wakina Scott
- Office for the Advancement of Telehealth, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Whitney Wiggins
- Office for the Advancement of Telehealth, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcia M Ward
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nicholas M Mohr
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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27
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Cela-Bertran X, Peguero G, Serral G, Sánchez-Ledesma E, Martínez-Hernáez A, Pié-Balaguer A. Understanding the relationship between gender and mental health in adolescence: the Gender Adherence Index (GAI). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:229-240. [PMID: 36763181 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Half of all mental health disorders appear during adolescence, although it is still far from clear how they relate to gender (not sex) criteria. This study aims both to analyse the relationship between gender and adolescent mental health and to propose an index: the Gender Adherence Index (GAI). We used cross-sectional, secondary data from 3888 adolescents (aged 13-19) from the FRESC Health Survey on Adolescence in Barcelona. We analysed the interaction among sex, age and socio-economic status with several mental health indices. Additionally, we computed a Gender Adherence Index (GAI) to transcend the information-poor binary sex label, and thus assess to what extent mental health can be predicted by the gender expression of adolescents irrespective of their biological sex. We found that older age and lower economic status have a greater impact on the emotional distress of girls, who reported lower self-perceived mental health than boys. Nevertheless, girls obtained higher scores regarding their prosocial behaviour, which is protective against mental health problems. The GAI was retained in all statistical models stressing it as a relevant metric to explain the variability of adolescent emotional distress. Young people who showed adherence to normative femininity in their lifestyles showed higher prosocial behaviour but did not tend to present more emotional distress. Despite its limitations, this is a novel attempt to explore the relationship between gender expression and mental health. Better defined indices of gender adherence could help us to improve our predictive capacity of mental health disorders during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Cela-Bertran
- Departament d'Antropologia, Filosofia i Treball Social, Medical Anthropology Research Centre (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili de Tarragona, 43002, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Guille Peguero
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Serral
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER d'Epidemiologia i Salut Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angel Martínez-Hernáez
- Departament d'Antropologia, Filosofia i Treball Social, Medical Anthropology Research Centre (MARC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili de Tarragona, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Asun Pié-Balaguer
- Estudis de Psicologia i Ciències de l'Educació, Care and Preparedness in the Network Society (CareNet), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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He H, Wang X, Wang P, Liu S. Association Between Sexual Harassment Intervention Strategies and the Sexual Harassment Perception and Attitude of University Students in Beijing, China. J Interpers Violence 2024; 39:214-236. [PMID: 37650464 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231196106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Sexual harassment in universities harms the physical and psychological health and development of students. Although Chinese universities are required to implement sexual harassment interventions, few studies have estimated how well interventions are perceived by students and the association with their perceptions and attitudes toward sexual harassment. This study aims to examine the perceptions and attitudes toward sexual harassment and perceived sexual harassment interventions among university students. Further, it evaluated the association between sexual harassment interventions and sexual harassment perceptions and attitudes among university students and explored potential gender differences in the observed associations. We categorized sexual harassment interventions into three types of strategies (informal education activities, prevention mechanisms, and multiformat publicity) and designed an 8-item scale for sexual harassment perception and a 10-item scale for sexual harassment attitude. A total of 872 students were recruited from six universities in Beijing, China. Association between intervention strategies and sexual harassment perceptions and attitudes was analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that 78.56% of the university students recognized all sexual harassment behaviors, and 11.58% felt angry about all sexual harassment behaviors. Male students felt angrier at same-sex harassment than female students (p < .001). Overall, the students were aware of approximately 3 of the 13 sexual harassment interventions. None of the three intervention strategies was significantly associated with perceptions of sexual harassment (p > .050). The attitude toward sexual harassment was positively associated with informal education activities (coeff = 0.055, p = .015) and multiformat publicity (coeff = 0.077, p = .030) among female students, and negatively associated with prevention mechanisms (coeff = -0.123, p = .033) among male students. Our findings imply that sexual harassment interventions are not well known among university students. Universities should develop and propagate more sexual harassment informal education activities and multiformat publicity intervention strategies and pay more attention to gender differences in intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- Public Health & Disease Prevention and Control Interdisciplinary Major Innovation Platform, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Institute of Health Sciences Research, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences Research, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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29
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Sweeney M, Carpenter L, de Souza S, Chaplin H, Tung H, Caton E, Galloway J, Cope A, Yates M, Nikiphorou E, Norton S. Ongoing shielding behavior one year post COVID-19: results from a longitudinal study of patients with inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:67-71. [PMID: 37691070 PMCID: PMC10766775 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) were instructed to shield during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the ending of lockdowns and vaccination, large proportions of IA patients were continuing to shield when it is no longer needed. Given the detrimental effects of shielding on mental and physical health, understanding the rates and reasons for shielding is needed to help clinicians advise patients accordingly. This study was a 12-month prospective study following participants with IA during the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportions of IA patients shielding at each time point were calculated. Additionally, regressions and odds ratios for shielding were determined to assess medication type, mental health, and risk perception. While the extent of shielding fluctuated over the year of lockdowns, nearly all IA patients (93.5%) were still engaging in some shielding in 2021, with nearly half (43%) still shielding most or all of the time. Medications that were previously considered higher risk were not significantly associated with higher rates of shielding (OR = 1.60, p = 0.29), but greater symptoms of depression in June 2020 (OR = 1.07, p = 0.03) was both associated with increased the odds of shielding in June 2021. The high rates of IA patients continuing to shield in 2021 put more strain on patients and professionals as social isolation is linked with worsening mental and physical health, as well as greater difficulty with self-management. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this trend to ease the stress on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Sweeney
- Health Psychology Section, Health Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5thFloor, Bermondsey Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, UK.
| | - Lewis Carpenter
- Health Psychology Section, Health Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5thFloor, Bermondsey Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Savia de Souza
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hema Chaplin
- Health Psychology Section, Health Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5thFloor, Bermondsey Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Hsiu Tung
- Health Psychology Section, Health Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5thFloor, Bermondsey Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - Emma Caton
- Health Psychology Section, Health Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5thFloor, Bermondsey Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
| | - James Galloway
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Cope
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Yates
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Norton
- Health Psychology Section, Health Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5thFloor, Bermondsey Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
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Tembo AC. The place of philosophy in nursing. Nurs Philos 2024; 25:e12473. [PMID: 38014579 DOI: 10.1111/nup.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Philosophy adds humanness to nursing and facilitates holistic care. Philosophies like Ubuntu which purports that a person is only a person through other people and emphasises community cohesion and caring for each other can add humanness to nursing. Because Ubuntu validates subjective experience and its meaning in the lifeworld, it exemplifies the basis of holistic and individualised caring in nursing. Although nurses can make their own philosophy through critical reflexivity, the convergent point is the goal of meaningful caring that is, sustaining health and the well-being of patients and significant others. Philosophy transcends job description, it encompasses visceral experience, personal beliefs and goals, resulting in purpose and deeper meaning to the nursing profession of caring as emulated by Florence Nightingale. While contemporary philosophy has been met with criticism as being detached from human concern, narrowly focussed and technical, it evokes critical thinking and promotes sociality in nursing practice. The Covid-19 pandemic vividly brought philosophy to the fore as nurses sacrificially and vulnerably rose to the challenge of caring not only for the sick, but also for families who through infection control measures were deprived of sociality. This paper argues that philosophy adds humanness and substance to nursing in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agness C Tembo
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Moghimi E, Stephenson C, Agarwal A, Nikjoo N, Malakouti N, Layzell G, O'Riordan A, Jagayat J, Shirazi A, Gutierrez G, Khan F, Patel C, Yang M, Omrani M, Alavi N. Efficacy of an Electronic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Delivered via the Online Psychotherapy Tool for Depression and Anxiety Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pre-Post Pilot Study. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e51102. [PMID: 37993984 PMCID: PMC10760511 DOI: 10.2196/51102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lockdowns and social distancing resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have worsened the population's mental health and made it more difficult for individuals to receive care. Electronic cognitive behavioral therapy (e-CBT) is a cost-effective and evidence-based treatment for anxiety and depression and can be accessed remotely. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of online psychotherapy tailored to depression and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. METHODS The pilot study used a pre-post design to evaluate the efficacy of a 9-week e-CBT program designed for individuals with depression and anxiety affected by the pandemic. Participants were adults (N=59) diagnosed with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, whose mental health symptoms initiated or worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online psychotherapy program focused on teaching coping, mindfulness, and problem-solving skills. Symptoms of anxiety and depression, resilience, and quality of life were assessed. RESULTS Participants demonstrated significant improvements in symptoms of anxiety (P=.02) and depression (P=.03) after the intervention. Similar trends were observed in the intention-to-treat analysis. No significant differences were observed in resilience and quality-of-life measures. The sample comprised mostly females, making it challenging to discern the benefits of the intervention in males. Although a pre-post design is less rigorous than a controlled trial, this design was selected to observe changes in scores during a critical period. CONCLUSIONS e-CBT for COVID-19 is an effective and accessible treatment option. Improvements in clinical symptoms of anxiety and depression can be observed in individuals whose mental health is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04476667; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04476667. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/24913.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Moghimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Callum Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anika Agarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Niloofar Nikjoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Niloufar Malakouti
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gina Layzell
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anne O'Riordan
- Patient and Family Centered Care, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jasleen Jagayat
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gilmar Gutierrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ferwa Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Charmy Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mohsen Omrani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- OPTT Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nazanin Alavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Chen P, Zhang L, Feng Y, An FR, Su Z, Cheung T, Lok KI, Ungvari GS, Jackson T, Xiang YT, Zhang Q. Prevalence and network structure of post-traumatic stress symptoms and their association with suicidality among Chinese mental health professionals immediately following the end of China's Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy: a national survey. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:395. [PMID: 38102131 PMCID: PMC10724192 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among mental health professionals (MHPs) are limited, particularly since restrictions due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been lifted such as the recent termination of China's Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy. The current study filled this gap by exploring the prevalence, correlates, and network structure of PTSS as well as its association with suicidality from a network analysis perspective. A cross-sectional, national survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method on MHPs between January 22 and February 10, 2023. PTSS were assessed using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version, while suicidality was assessed using standardized questions related to ideation, plans, and attempts. Univariate and multivariate analyses examined correlates of PTSS. Network analysis explored the structure of PTSS and suicidality. The centrality index of "Expected influence" was used to identify the most central symptoms in the network, reflecting the relative importance of each node in the network. The "flow" function was adopted to identify specific symptoms that were directly associated with suicidality. A total of 10,647 MHPs were included. The overall rates of PTSS and suicidality were 6.7% (n = 715; 95% CI = 6.2-7.2%) and 7.7% (n = 821; 95% CI = 7.2-8.2%), respectively. Being married (OR = 1.523; P < 0.001), quarantine experience (OR = 1.288; P < 0.001), suicidality (OR = 3.750; P < 0.001) and more severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.229; P < 0.001) were correlates of more PTSS. Additionally, higher economic status (e.g., good vs. poor: OR = 0.324; P = 0.001) and health status (e.g., good vs. poor: OR = 0.456; P < 0.001) were correlates of reduced PTSS. PCL6 ("Avoiding thoughts"; EI = 1.189), PCL7 ("Avoiding reminders"; EI = 1.157), and PCL11 ("Feeling emotionally numb"; EI = 1.074) had the highest centrality, while PCL12 ("Negative belief"), PCL 16 ("Hypervigilance") and PCL 14 ("Irritability") had the strongest direct, positive associations with suicidality. A high prevalence of lingering PTSS was found among MHPs immediately after China's "Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy" was terminated. Avoidance and hyper-arousal symptoms should be monitored among at-risk MHPs after the COVID-19 pandemic and serve as potential targets for the prevention and treatment of PTSS in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-In Lok
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia/Graylands Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Qinge Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Manisha M, Verma K, Ramesh N, Anirudha TP, Santrupt RM, Rao L. Water, sanitation, and hygiene implications of large-scale recycling of treated municipal wastewater in semi-arid regions. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166631. [PMID: 37659564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) is crucial for national development, as it improves human health and fulfills a fundamental need. This study examines the impact of a large-scale groundwater (GW) recharge scheme using secondary treated wastewater (STW) on WaSH characteristics and identifies the major determinants of improved WaSH charecteristics in drought-hit regions of Kolar district, southern India. The study quantifies improved WaSH practices by comparing WaSH characteristics between impacted areas (influenced by STW) and non-impacted areas (not influenced by STW) of Kolar, using household survey data. Pearson's chi-square and student's t-test are used to verify differences between WaSH characteristics. Furthermore, a composite WaSH score is formulated, and a hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression model is constructed to identify major determinants of improved WaSH scores. The results show that impacted areas have better WaSH characteristics, including daily water supply by gram panchayat, enhanced toilet uses among all family members, bathing patterns, cloth washing practices, toilet cleaning patterns, and water consumption per capita per day. The maximum and minimum WaSH scores of impacted areas were 17.50 and 6.50, respectively, while those of non-impacted areas were 14 and 4.5. This study finds that improved water availability, quality, and security due to daily water supply at the household level are the major determinants of improved WaSH practices. These results can inform policymakers in designing sanitation and hygiene improvement policies that integrate water recycling projects in drought-hit areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Manisha
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Kavita Verma
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - T P Anirudha
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R M Santrupt
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lakshminarayana Rao
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Manoj M, Truong PP, Shiffman J, Shawar YR. The Health Justice Policy Tracker: COVID-19 Policies To Advance Health Justice For Vulnerable Populations. Health Aff (Millwood) 2023; 42:1689-1696. [PMID: 38048505 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 throughout the world in early 2020 created unprecedented challenges for national governments. Policies developed during the early months of the pandemic, before the first mRNA vaccines were authorized for emergency use, provide a window into national governments' prioritization of populations that were particularly vulnerable. We developed the COVID-19 Health Justice Policy Tracker to capture and categorize these policies using a health justice lens. In this article we present the results of a preliminary analysis of the tracker data. The tracker focuses on policies for six population groups: children, the elderly, people with disabilities, migrant workers, incarcerated people, and people who were refugees or were seeking political asylum. It includes 610 policies, most targeting children and the elderly and providing financial support. National governments also prioritized measures such as policies to ensure access to mental health care and social services, digital and teleservices, continuity of children's education, and food security. The tracker provides a resource for researchers and policy makers seeking model language and tested policy approaches to advance health justice during future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvikha Manoj
- Malvikha Manoj , Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phong Phu Truong
- Phong Phu Truong, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
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Paredes-Ruvalcaba N, Kim AW, Ndaba N, Cele L, Swana S, Bosire E, Moolla A. Coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in metropolitan Johannesburg, South Africa: A qualitative study. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23958. [PMID: 37427489 PMCID: PMC10776812 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused prolonged stress on numerous fronts. While the acute health impacts of psychosocial stress due to the pandemic are well-documented, less is known about the resources and mechanisms utilized to cope in response to stresses during the pandemic and lockdown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify and describe the coping mechanisms adults utilized in response to the stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic during the 2020 South African lockdown. METHODS This study included adults (n = 47: 32 female; 14 male; 1 non-binary) from the greater Johannesburg region in South Africa. Interviews with both closed and open-ended questions were administered to query topics regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were coded and thematically analyzed to identify coping mechanisms and experiences. RESULTS Adults engaged in a variety of strategies to cope with the pandemic and the ensued lockdown. The ability to access or engage in multiple coping mechanisms were either enhanced or constrained by financial and familial situations. Participants engaged in seven major coping mechanisms: interactions with family and friends, prayer and religion, staying active, financial resources, mindset reframing, natural remedies, and following COVID-19 prevention protocols. CONCLUSIONS Despite the multiple stressors faced during the pandemic and lockdown, participants relied on multiple coping strategies which helped preserve their well-being and overcome pandemic-related adversity. The strategies participants engaged in were impacted by access to financial resources and family support. Further research is needed to examine the potential impacts these strategies may have on people's health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nokubonga Ndaba
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lindile Cele
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Someleze Swana
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Edna Bosire
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aneesa Moolla
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kouassi HAA, Andrianisa HA, Traoré MB, Sossou SK, Nguematio RM, Djambou MD. Factors influencing community-led total sanitation (CLTS) implementation abandonment before achieving open defecation-free (ODF) status: case study of the Central-Western region of Burkina Faso. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:125628-125645. [PMID: 38001296 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Access to sanitation has become an important element for improving the health of populations in developing countries. In Burkina Faso, 12% of the population in rural areas has access to latrine and 65% practice open defecation (OD). In a bid to eliminate this unsanitary practice and enhance sanitation access in rural areas, the government embraced community-led total sanitation (CLTS) as a national strategy in 2014. However, more than 6 years later, a notable observation is the high abandonment rate, with only a small fraction of rural communities successfully eradicating OD. Out of the 8892 villages in the country, 3546 underwent a CLTS triggering from 2014 to 2020. Nevertheless, in 787 of these villages, the implementation of the CLTS approach was abandoned, indicating a substantial abandonment rate of 22.19%. Until now, most studies on CLTS have focused on the post-ODF phase, emphasizing the question of the sustainability of the results generated by the approach, as if the process from triggering to obtaining ODF certification was not subject to any problems. However, cases of abandonment of the CLTS process after triggering do exist, although poorly documented in the literature, and there are no studies that clearly assign responsibilities to the actors when CLTS implementation comes to be abandoned. This research aims to bridge these gaps by identifying the root causes of these abandonment cases while delineating the distinct responsibilities associated with these instances. To achieve this, the study was conducted in the Central-Western region of Burkina Faso, where all stakeholders involved in CLTS implementation, including target communities, were identified, their different roles in the process defined, and data collected through household surveys, interviews, and focus groups. The content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The research findings indicate that the abandonment of the CLTS implementation process is due to four categories of factors: sociocultural and economic aspects (39.78%), physical conditions (17.52%), governance aspects (26.28%), and the quality of approach implementation (16.42%). Moreover, these factors highlight a shared accountability for abandonment involving the government, implementing organizations, and target communities. These findings have significant implications for the future design of sanitation programs using the CLTS approach. To mitigate abandonment rates in the CLTS implementation process across rural communities, it is imperative for policymakers to attentively consider these factors and integrate the recommendations delineated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemez Ange Aurélien Kouassi
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes Et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d'Ingénierie de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (2iE), 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Harinaivo Anderson Andrianisa
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes Et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d'Ingénierie de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (2iE), 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Maïmouna Bologo Traoré
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes Et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d'Ingénierie de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (2iE), 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Seyram Kossi Sossou
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes Et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d'Ingénierie de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (2iE), 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Rikyelle Momo Nguematio
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes Et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d'Ingénierie de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (2iE), 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Maeva Dominique Djambou
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes Et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d'Ingénierie de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (2iE), 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
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Shoychet G, Kimber M, Weiss J, Honest O, Prime H. Empirical support for a model of risk and resilience in children and families during COVID-19: A systematic review & narrative synthesis. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2464-2481. [PMID: 37563877 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 Family Disruption Model (FDM) describes the cascading effects of pandemic-related social disruptions on child and family psychosocial functioning. The current systematic review assesses the empirical support for the model. METHODS. Study eligibility: 1) children between 2-18 years (and/or their caregivers); 2) a quantitative longitudinal design; 3) published findings during the first 2.5 years of COVID-19; 4) an assessment of caregiver and/or family functioning; 5) an assessment of child internalizing, externalizing, or positive adjustment; and 6) an examination of a COVID-19 FDM pathway. Following a search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE in August 2022, screening, full-text assessments, and data extraction were completed by two reviewers. Study quality was examined using an adapted NIH risk-of- bias tool. RESULTS. Findings from 47 studies were summarized using descriptive statistics, tables, and a narrative synthesis. There is emerging support for bidirectional pathways linking caregiver-child functioning and family-child functioning, particularly for child internalizing problems. Quality assessments indicated issues with attrition and power justification. DISCUSSION. We provide a critical summary of the empirical support for the model, highlighting themes related to family systems theory and risk/resilience. We outline future directions for research on child and family well-being during COVID-19. Systematic review registration. PROSPERO [CRD42022327191].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Shoychet
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Kimber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Weiss
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia Honest
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Prime
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Evers YJ, Schneider F, Widdershoven V, Goense CJD, Peters CMM, van Elsen SG, Hoebe CJPA, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM. Using a theoretical framework of Intervention Mapping to inform public health communication messages designed to increase vaccination uptake; the example of mpox in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2373. [PMID: 38037024 PMCID: PMC10688141 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During an infectious disease outbreak, primary preventive pre-exposure vaccination (PPV) could substantially increase the potential for its control, if uptake is sufficiently high. An important tool to increase PPV uptake, are communication strategies, with tailored messages targeted to modify determinants for PPV uptake. Here, we take the example of the 2022 mpox multicountry outbreak, as we inform the development of communication strategies by applying a theoretical framework for selecting effective communication strategies. METHODS The theoretical framework Intervention Mapping (IM) was applied during the outbreak to inform communications [program]. Steps included: 1. Creating a logic model of the problem [not accepting PPV] by reviewing available literature, conducting an online survey among people at risk of mpox exposure, and consulting community-members, healthcare-and communication professionals; 2. Creating a matrix of change [from lower to higher PPV acceptance]; and 3. Selecting theory-based methods and practical applications for communication messages to achieve the intended behaviour change (getting vaccinated). RESULTS The program objective was to promote PPV uptake in people at risk of mpox exposure. Important changeable determinants identified included perceived risk and severity of mpox, importance to protect against mpox [attitude], experienced effectiveness of vaccination and side-effects [response efficacy], and social norm. Theory-based communication methods for optimizing these determinants include provision of facts [increasing knowledge], personalized risk and scenario-based risk information [addressing risk perception/severity], elaboration, arguments [stimulating a positive attitude], gain framing [increasing perceived response efficacy], guided practice [increasing skills/self-efficacy in overcoming barriers] and social norm approach [demonstrating positive norm]. Other key important factors include that communication delivery is uniform (across channels), clear, accessible, and with stigma-free messaging, and that is well-timed and repeated. CONCLUSION IM provided a valuable tool in selecting communication methods to promote mpox vaccination uptake. These methods can be used to (more quickly) produce and implement a communication program in the context of possible future, vaccine-preventable, infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ymke J Evers
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, Limburg, the Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Francine Schneider
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Veja Widdershoven
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, Limburg, the Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia J D Goense
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, Limburg, the Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M M Peters
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, Limburg, the Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G van Elsen
- Soa Aids Nederland (SANL), National Knowledge Center STIs and HIV/AIDS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian J P A Hoebe
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, Limburg, the Netherlands
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center+, MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole H T M Dukers-Muijrers
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, Limburg, the Netherlands.
- Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Iyer K, Gupta P, Sapre S, Pawar T, Gala P, Kapoor H, Kalahasthi R, Ticku A, Kulkarni S, Iyer P. Mental health resources, barriers, and intervention needs among women in rural Maharashtra, India: A qualitative study. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e93. [PMID: 38179465 PMCID: PMC10765017 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This research paper focuses on the mental health needs, the need for mental health interventions and barriers in mental healthcare of women living in rural Maharashtra, India. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study has collected data from a sample of women living in the rural areas of Maharashtra through in-depth interviews. The data collected has been analyzed to identify the barriers and obstacles in mental healthcare, how the existing community support serves as a resource as well as the desire for potential mental healthcare interventions among participants. The findings of the study are expected to contribute to the development of effective mental health interventions tailored to the specific needs of women living in the rural areas of Maharashtra. Overall, this research paper aims to improve the understanding of the mental health needs of women in rural Maharashtra and provide insights for policymakers and mental health practitioners to develop effective interventions to promote their mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Gupta
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Poorvi Iyer
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Gnilitskyi I, Rymar S, Iungin O, Vyshnevskyy O, Parisse P, Potters G, Zayats AV, Moshynets O. Femtosecond laser modified metal surfaces alter biofilm architecture and reduce bacterial biofilm formation. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:6659-6669. [PMID: 38024323 PMCID: PMC10662203 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00599b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation, or microfouling, is a basic strategy of bacteria to colonise a surface and may happen on surfaces of any nature whenever bacteria are present. Biofilms are hard to eradicate due to the matrix in which the bacteria reside, consisting of strong, adhesive and adaptive self-produced polymers such as eDNA and functional amyloids. Targeting a biofilm matrix may be a promising strategy to prevent biofilm formation. Here, femtosecond laser irradiation was used to modify the stainless steel surface in order to introduce either conical spike or conical groove textures. The resulting topography consists of hierarchical nano-microstructures which substantially increase roughness. The biofilms of two model bacterial strains, P. aeruginosa PA01 and S. aureus ATCC29423, formed on such nanotextured metal surfaces, were considerably modified due to a substantial reduction in amyloid production and due to changes in eDNA surface adhesion, leading to significant reduction in biofilm biomass. Altering the topography of the metal surface, therefore, radically diminishes biofilm development solely by altering biofilm architecture. At the same time, growth and colonisation of the surface by eukaryotic adipose tissue-derived stem cells were apparently enhanced, leading to possible further advantages in controlling eukaryotic growth while suppressing prokaryotic contamination. The obtained results are important for developing anti-bacterial surfaces for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iaroslav Gnilitskyi
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London Strand London WC2R 2LS UK
- NoviNano Lab LLC Lviv Ukraine
- Lviv Polytechnic National University Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Rymar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Olga Iungin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
- Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Olexiy Vyshnevskyy
- M. P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC I-34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Geert Potters
- Antwerp Maritime Academy Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London Strand London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Olena Moshynets
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
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Böttcher F, Pedraz-Petrozzi B, Lamadé EK, Jimenez MP, Rieker J, Reales JM, Arevalo-Flores M, Anculle-Arauco V, Krüger-Malpartida H, Ballesteros S. Cross-cultural validation of the COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index (CPDI) among Spanish and Peruvian populations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19005. [PMID: 37923837 PMCID: PMC10624667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant psychological impact worldwide. The COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) is widely used to assess psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although CPDI has been validated in Peru and Spain, no cross-cultural validation studies have been conducted. As an exploratory aim, differences in CPDI factorial scores between the most prevalent medical conditions in the two samples (arterial hypertension, respiratory diseases and anxious-depressive disorders) from a general population of Peru and Spain were investigated. We conducted secondary data analysis with data from Peru and Spain to validate the CPDI in a cross-cultural context. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) were performed to evaluate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the CPDI across cultural contexts. Concerning the exploratory analysis, we performed a U-Mann-Whitney test to evaluate differences in the factorial scores in the two samples. This study revealed a two-factor solution (stress and rumination/information) for the CPDI that included 21 of the 24 original items, and consistent with previous studies. The MGCFA demonstrated measurement invariance across cultural contexts (scalar invariance), indicating that the CPDI construct has the same meaning across both groups, regardless of cultural context and language variations of Spanish. Patients with anxious-depressive disorders showed higher CPDI factorial scores for both factors, whereas patients with respiratory diseases were only associated with the stress factor. This study provides evidence for the cross-cultural validity of the CPDI, highlighting its utility as a reliable instrument for assessing psychological stress in the context of COVID-19 across different cultures. These findings have important implications for developing and validating measures to assess psychological distress in different cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Böttcher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Eva Kathrin Lamadé
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Pilar Jimenez
- Departamento de Psicología Básica II, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Calle Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Rieker
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Naturaleza, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Nebrija, Calle de Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 27, 28015, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Reales
- Departamento de Metodología para las Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Calle Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Arevalo-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina, Alberto Hurtado", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Avenida Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, 15102, Lima, Peru
| | - Víctor Anculle-Arauco
- Facultad de Medicina, Alberto Hurtado", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Avenida Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, 15102, Lima, Peru
| | - Hever Krüger-Malpartida
- Facultad de Medicina, Alberto Hurtado", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Avenida Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, 15102, Lima, Peru
| | - Soledad Ballesteros
- Departamento de Psicología Básica II, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Calle Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Schjøtt-Pedersen O, Seierstad A, Evensen S, Horgen Evensen J, Færden A, Lunde Gjerstad C, Fadler Martinsen F, Sørgård KM, Ullevoldsæter Lystad J. Lockdown during the early phase of Covid-19 - effects on specialized mental health services and vocational activities for patients with psychotic disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2023; 77:760-767. [PMID: 37534458 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2240301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with psychotic disorders may be particularly vulnerable to adverse effects from restrictions implemented to limit the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health professionals may also be at risk of adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of potential changes in accessibility, quality of care and vocational activity on people with psychotic disorders and the impact on clinicians working in these conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients and clinicians in specialized mental health services for psychotic disorders answered questionnaires regarding changes in treatment, quality of treatment, vocational activity, and well-being. Data was analyzed with nonparametric tests. RESULTS Inpatients appeared more influenced by the restrictions than outpatients, however, quality of treatment was regarded relatively unaffected. Clinicians seemed satisfied working under these conditions, though a larger portion of clinicians reported changes in treatment compared to patients. The patients who reported being affected by changes in vocational activity tended to report negative effects, but the majority reported being unaffected. CONCLUSION Overall, patients and clinicians appeared to cope well with the changes they experienced in accessibility, quality of care and vocational activity during the early phases of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Schjøtt-Pedersen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Seierstad
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Evensen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration, Nesodden, Norway
| | | | - Ann Færden
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christer Lunde Gjerstad
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Institute of Military Psychiatry Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kari Mette Sørgård
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - June Ullevoldsæter Lystad
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Singh A, Sarmiento M, Truong C, Carrasco G, Dugarte A, Quinn B, Panagakos F. Are we well? A post-pandemic snapshot of dental educator wellness, well-being, and fulfillment. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:1533-1541. [PMID: 37518941 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented changes to oral care and dental education delivery. To date, the vast majority of studies focus on the impact COVID-19 had on the well-being and wellness of patients, practitioners, and students; however, limited literature addresses the pandemic's impact on dental educators. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the wellness, well-being, and fulfillment of dental educators in the years following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Following Institutional Review Board approval, an anonymous electronic Qualtrics survey was emailed to full-time and adjunct faculty across five (5) dental education institutions in the US. Faculty self-reported on their wellness, general well-being, physical well-being, mental well-being, fulfillment, and work-life balance. Group differences were examined using analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons at the p < 0.05 level. RESULTS The results revealed females and younger dental faculty members reported statistically significantly lower levels of wellness (F2, 123 = 11.16, p < 0.001, F3, 121 = 8.53, p < 0.001), physical (F2, 123 = 11.53, p < 0.001, F3, 121 = 5.54, p = 0.001) and mental well-being (F2, 123 = 12.49, p < 0.001, F3, 121 = 8.63, p < 0.001), fulfillment (F3, 121 = 5.01, p < 0.003), and higher levels of burnout (F2, 123 = 5.53, p = 0.005, F3, 121 = 4.85, p < 0.003). Those who expressed higher levels of burnout also had statistically lower mean well-being scores (F4, 119 = 10.54, p < 0.001). Females also reported a significantly lower work-life balance score compared to male respondents (F2, 121 = 10.37, p < 0.002). CONCLUSION Despite the social and environmental challenges faced over the last couple of years post-pandemic, dental educators demonstrate a quick ability to adapt, however, disproportional differences in gender and age groups were identified as being significantly correlated to dental educators' self-reports on wellness, well-being, and fulfillment. Insight into these variables can help inform strategies in the academic setting to help support and strengthen the academic workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Singh
- School, of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mónica Sarmiento
- School of Dental Hygiene Studies, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Christina Truong
- School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gladys Carrasco
- Department of General Dentistry, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alba Dugarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Prosthodontics, University of Texas - UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barry Quinn
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Foti Panagakos
- School of Dental Medicine, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, Washington, USA
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Irún LN, Gras A, Parada M, Garnatje T. Plants and mental disorders: the case of Catalan linguistic area. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1256225. [PMID: 38026937 PMCID: PMC10680987 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1256225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mental disorders are among the leading causes of ill-health and disability worldwide. Despite the disease burden they cause, including significant direct and indirect impacts on individual's health and major social and economic consequences in all countries of the world, it is still one of the most neglected areas of public health. In such a context, the medicinal plants traditionally used to pale these pathologies are presented as a promising tool for future drug development for the management of mental health disorders. The aim of the present study is to analyze the information about plant species used to treat mental disorders in the Catalan linguistic area (CLA) and compare these traditional uses with pharmacological literature in order to evaluate the most quoted taxa and their uses and to provide a basis for further research. Methods: Data have been recovered from the "Etnobotànica dels Països Catalans" webpage (https://etnobotanica.iec.cat/) and the meta-analytic work carried out in the present study covers 27 prospections performed in different territories between 1990 and 2019. Descriptive statistics and quantitative ethnobotany were carried out and some ethnobotanical indices were calculated. Results and Discussion: The number of use reports analysed to treat mental disorders in CLA is 2,544 spread over 183 taxa belonging to 64 families, being the most cited the Malvaceae (29.36% of use reports), Lamiaceae (16.71%), Caprifoliaceae (7.94%), Rutaceae (7.47%) and Papaveraceae (6.01%). The most used taxa to treat or alleviate the mental disorders have been Tilia platyphyllos Scop. (24.53%), Valeriana officinalis L. (7.47%), Salvia officinalis L. (5.07%), Sambucus nigra L. (4.28%), and Ruta chalepensis L. (3.89%). The flowers or inflorescences (47.68%), followed by aerial part (23.49%), have been the most used plant parts, and tisane the most commonly used pharmaceutical form (78.03%). The most reported use is as sedative with 40.92%, followed by anticephalalgic (21. 19%) and tranquilizer (20.01%). The informant consensus factor (FIC) was 0.93, and 3.72% was the ethnobotanicity index (EI) value. The information is coincidental with at least one of the comprehensive pharmacological literature sources checked for 73.68% of ethnobotanical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia N. Irún
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Airy Gras
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori de Botànica—Unitat Associada CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació—Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat—IRBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Parada
- Laboratori de Botànica—Unitat Associada CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació—Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat—IRBio, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Lam MI, Chen P, Zhang Q, Sha S, An FR, Su Z, Cheung T, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Xiang YT, Feng Y. Prevalence of COVID-19 fear and its association with quality of life and network structure among Chinese mental health professionals after ending China's dynamic zero-COVID policy: a national survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280688. [PMID: 37965522 PMCID: PMC10642929 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background China recorded a massive COVID-19 pandemic wave after ending its Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy on January 8, 2023. As a result, mental health professionals (MHPs) experienced negative mental health consequences, including an increased level of fear related to COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 fear among MHPs following the end of the Policy, and its association with quality of life (QoL) from a network analysis perspective. Methods A cross-sectional national study was conducted across China. The correlates of COVID-19 fear were examined using both univariate and multivariate analyses. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and QoL. Central symptoms were identified using network analysis through the "Expected Influence" of the network model while specific symptoms directly correlated with QoL were identified through the "flow function." Results A total of 10,647 Chinese MHPs were included. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 fear (FCV-19S total score ≥ 16) was 60.8% (95% CI = 59.9-61.8%). The binary logistic regression analysis found that MHPs with fear of COVID-19 were more likely to be married (OR = 1.198; p < 0.001) and having COVID-19 infection (OR = 1.235; p = 0.005) and quarantine experience (OR = 1.189; p < 0.001). Having better economic status (good vs. poor: OR = 0.479; p < 0.001; fair vs. poor: OR = 0.646; p < 0.001) and health status (good vs. poor: OR = 0.410; p < 0.001; fair vs. poor: OR = 0.617; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 fear. The ANCOVA showed that MHPs with fear of COVID-19 had lower QoL [F = 228.0, p < 0.001]. "Palpitation when thinking about COVID-19" was the most central symptom in the COVID-19 fear network model, while "Uncomfortable thinking about COVID-19" had the strongest negative association with QoL (average edge weight = -0.048). Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of COVID-19 fear among Chinese MHPs following the end of China's Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy. Developing effective prevention and intervention measures that target the central symptoms as well as symptoms correlated with QoL in our network structure would be important to address COVID-19 fear and improve QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ieng Lam
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabor S. Ungvari
- Section of Psychiatry, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Rodrigues F, Ziade N, Jatuworapruk K, Caballero-Uribe CV, Khursheed T, Gupta L. The Impact of Social Media on Vaccination: A Narrative Review. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e326. [PMID: 37846789 PMCID: PMC10578995 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy poses a significant global health challenge, fueled by misinformation and anti-vaccination campaigns on social media platforms (SMPs). This study examines the influence of social media on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 vaccination in Asia during the peri-pandemic period. Through a comprehensive analysis of available literature, we aim to elucidate the role of SMPs in shaping vaccination attitudes and behaviors. The findings highlight the detrimental impact of social media on vaccination efforts and provide insights into addressing vaccine hesitancy during this critical period. A narrative review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from inception to May 26, 2022. Only English-language articles involving human participants from Asian countries were included in this review. Out of the 228 articles identified through the database search, 14 articles were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy or negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines in Asian countries was found to be high, ranging from 20% to 55% across countries. Notably, reliance on SMPs for vaccine-related information was associated with a higher likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This trend coincided with the proliferation of misinformation and conspiracy theories that portrayed COVID-19 vaccines as harmful during the pandemic. Similar patterns were observed for other types of vaccines, including polio, measles mumps and rubella, and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines. The use of SMPs was also found to be associated with increased fear among caregivers in Asian countries, as well as a 3-4 times higher likelihood of delayed immunization. SMPs negatively impact vaccine intent in Asia due to misinformation and anti-vaccination campaigns during the pandemic. However, they can be a powerful tool for healthcare providers and policymakers to promote informed decision-making. Efforts should focus on leveraging SMPs to disseminate reliable information and combat hesitancy, fostering a well-informed and vaccinated population in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flinta Rodrigues
- Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nelly Ziade
- Rheumatology Department, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Rheumatology Department, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kanon Jatuworapruk
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Tayyeba Khursheed
- Department of Rheumatology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Latika Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
- City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Aggarwal S, Wright J, Morgan A, Patton G, Reavley N. Religiosity and spirituality in the prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:729. [PMID: 37817143 PMCID: PMC10563335 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, religion has had a central role in shaping the psychosocial and moral development of young people. While religiosity and spirituality have been linked to positive mental health outcomes in adults, their role during the developmental context of adolescence, and the mechanisms through which such beliefs might operate, is less well understood. Moreover, there is some evidence that negative aspects of religiosity are associated with poor mental health outcomes. Guided by lived experience consultants, we undertook a systematic review and quality appraisal of 45 longitudinal studies and 29 intervention studies identified from three electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus) exploring the role of religiosity and spiritual involvement (formal and informal) in prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people aged 10 to 24 years. Most studies were from high-income countries and of low to moderate quality. Meta-analysis of high-quality longitudinal studies (assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools, n = 25) showed a trend towards association of negative religious coping (i.e., feeling abandoned by or blaming God) with greater depressive symptoms over time (Pearson's r = 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.009, 0.188) whereas spiritual wellbeing was protective against depression (Pearson's r = -0.153, CI -0.187, -0.118). Personal importance of religion was not associated with depressive symptoms overall (Pearson's r = -0.024, CI-0.053, 0.004). Interventions that involved religious and spiritual practices for depression and anxiety in young people were mostly effective, although the study quality was typically low and the heterogeneity in study designs did not allow for a meta-analysis. The lived experience consultants described spirituality and religious involvement as central to their way of life and greatly valued feeling watched over during difficult times. While we require more evidence from low- and middle-income countries, in younger adolescents and for anxiety disorders, the review provides insight into how spirituality and religious involvement could be harnessed to design novel psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in young people.Review RegistrationThe systematic review was funded by Wellcome Trust Mental Health Priority Area 'Active Ingredients' 2021 commission and registered with PROSPERO 2021 (CRD42021281912).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Aggarwal
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Judith Wright
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhou Y, Rahman MM, Khanam R, Taylor BR. Individual preferences, government policy, and COVID-19: A game-theoretic epidemiological analysis. Appl Math Model 2023; 122:401-416. [PMID: 37325082 PMCID: PMC10257574 DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic imposes serious short-term and long-term health costs on populations. Restrictive government policy measures decrease the risks of infection, but produce similarly serious social, mental health, and economic problems. Citizens have varying preferences about the desirability of restrictive policies, and governments are thus forced to navigate this tension in making pandemic policy. This paper analyses the situation facing government using a game-theoretic epidemiological model. Methodology We classify individuals into health-centered individuals and freedom-centered individuals to capture the heterogeneous preferences of citizens. We first use the extended Susceptible-Exposed-Asymptomatic-Infectious-Recovered (SEAIR) model (adding individual preferences) and the signaling game model (adding government) to analyze the strategic situation against the backdrop of a realistic model of COVID-19 infection. Findings We find the following: 1. There exists two pooling equilibria. When health-centered and freedom-centered individuals send anti-epidemic signals, the government will adopt strict restrictive policies under budget surplus or balance. When health-centered and freedom-centered individuals send freedom signals, the government chooses not to implement restrictive policies. 2. When governments choose not to impose restrictions, the extinction of an epidemic depends on whether it has a high infection transmission rate; when the government chooses to implement non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs), whether an epidemic will disappear depends on how strict the government's restrictions are. Originality/value Based on the existing literature, we add individual preferences and put the government into the game as a player. Our research extends the current form of combining epidemiology and game theory. By using both we get a more realistic understanding of the spread of the virus and combine that with a richer understanding of the strategic social dynamics enabled by game theoretic analysis. Our findings have important implications for public management and government decision-making in the context of COVID-19 and for potential future public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Zhou
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | | | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Brad R Taylor
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
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Kann MR, Zeiger PJ, Rizer SJ, Cosentino S, Azar M. Virtual Assessment as a Way to Reduce Help-seeking Barriers in Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:373-378. [PMID: 37738277 PMCID: PMC10719961 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a potential early marker for neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, is common among older adults. Although it is often regarded as a personal health concern, most individuals with SCD do not seek help from a health care professional. Help-seeking (HS) is a complex, individualized process with significant life-course implications, and older adults often face several barriers to HS across personal, socioeconomic, and cultural domains. The pandemic exacerbated these barriers by imposing additional limitations on in-person care. In response, virtual assessment became a popular method to conduct remote care. We provide a narrative review of the challenges and triumphs that came with the transition from in-person, pen-paper cognitive assessments to virtual cognitive assessments. In addition, we address the impact virtual assessment had in tackling barriers that previously limited individuals with SCD from formal HS. We argue that virtual cognitive assessment helps alleviate health access barriers to HS (e.g., cost, transportation, and physician availability) and allows individuals with different coping styles to undergo assessment within more convenient environments. We hope the findings presented in this review inform health care practice, public education, and future research targeted towards the use of virtual assessment to facilitate HS in older adults with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kann
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Peter J Zeiger
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sandra J Rizer
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, G.H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Martina Azar
- Psychology Department, VA Boston Health Care System, Boston, MA
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Anderson MN, Gallo CA, Passalugo SW, Nimeh JM, Buckley TA. Self-Reported Mental Health Measures of Incoming Collegiate Student-Athletes With a History of COVID-19. J Athl Train 2023; 58:895-901. [PMID: 37248550 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0554.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with a history of COVID-19 may experience persistent neuropsychological disruptions such as lower satisfaction with life, depression, and anxiety. Although student-athletes are at low risk for severe COVID-19 complications, the effect of COVID-19 on mental health has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To compare patient-reported mental health outcomes for incoming collegiate athletes with (COVID+) or without (COVID-) a history of COVID-19. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 178 student-athletes, consisting of 79 in the COVID+ group (44.3%; age = 18.90 ± 0.16 years) and 99 in the COVID- group (55.6%; age = 18.95 ± 0.16 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Participants completed the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Unadjusted 1-way analyses of variance were conducted across all patient-reported outcomes. Analyses of covariance were calculated to determine the interaction of COVID-19 group, sex, and race and ethnicity on outcomes. Post hoc Bonferroni testing was performed to identify specific differences between groups. A χ2 analysis was computed to compare the number of athletes in each group who met the standard clinical cut points. RESULTS We observed a between-groups difference for HADS depression (P = .047), whereby athletes in the COVID+ group had higher ratings (2.86 ± 0.26). We found group differences for the SWLS (P = .02), HADS anxiety (P = .003), and STAI state anxiety (P = .01) such that all scores were higher for the COVID+ group in the adjusted model. Post hoc testing revealed that female student-athletes in the COVID+ group had worse HADS anxiety (P = .01) and STAI trait anxiety (P = .002) scores than individuals in all other groups. We did not demonstrate differences between groups in the percentage of responses below established diagnostic thresholds. CONCLUSIONS Incoming collegiate student-athletes who reported a previous COVID-19 diagnosis displayed higher depression scores, suggesting that clinicians may need to provide appropriate identification and referral for mental health conditions. However, we were encouraged that most participants, regardless of a history of COVID-19 diagnosis, had mental health scores that did not exceed established diagnostic threshold values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N Anderson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark
| | - Caitlin A Gallo
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark
| | - Scott W Passalugo
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark
| | - Jake M Nimeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark. Dr Anderson is now with the Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute and the College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens
| | - Thomas A Buckley
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark
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