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Canet-Pons J, Sen NE, Arsović A, Almaguer-Mederos LE, Halbach MV, Key J, Döring C, Kerksiek A, Picchiarelli G, Cassel R, René F, Dieterlé S, Fuchs NV, König R, Dupuis L, Lütjohann D, Gispert S, Auburger G. Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105289. [PMID: 33577922 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large polyglutamine expansions in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) cause multi-system nervous atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Intermediate size expansions carry a risk for selective motor neuron degeneration, known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Conversely, the depletion of ATXN2 prevents disease progression in ALS. Although ATXN2 interacts directly with RNA, and in ALS pathogenesis there is a crucial role of RNA toxicity, the affected functional pathways remain ill defined. Here, we examined an authentic SCA2 mouse model with Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn for a first definition of molecular mechanisms in spinal cord pathology. Neurophysiology of lower limbs detected sensory neuropathy rather than motor denervation. Triple immunofluorescence demonstrated cytosolic ATXN2 aggregates sequestrating TDP43 and TIA1 from the nucleus. In immunoblots, this was accompanied by elevated CASP3, RIPK1 and PQBP1 abundance. RT-qPCR showed increase of Grn, Tlr7 and Rnaset2 mRNA versus Eif5a2, Dcp2, Uhmk1 and Kif5a decrease. These SCA2 findings overlap well with known ALS features. Similar to other ataxias and dystonias, decreased mRNA levels for Unc80, Tacr1, Gnal, Ano3, Kcna2, Elovl5 and Cdr1 contrasted with Gpnmb increase. Preterminal stage tissue showed strongly activated microglia containing ATXN2 aggregates, with parallel astrogliosis. Global transcriptome profiles from stages of incipient motor deficit versus preterminal age identified molecules with progressive downregulation, where a cluster of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes including Dhcr24, Msmo1, Idi1 and Hmgcs1 was prominent. Gas chromatography demonstrated a massive loss of crucial cholesterol precursor metabolites. Overall, the ATXN2 protein aggregation process affects diverse subcellular compartments, in particular stress granules, endoplasmic reticulum and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. These findings identify new targets and potential biomarkers for neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Canet-Pons
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nesli-Ece Sen
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Arsović
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luis-Enrique Almaguer-Mederos
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Center for Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | - Melanie V Halbach
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jana Key
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Gina Picchiarelli
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaelle Cassel
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédérique René
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Dieterlé
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nina V Fuchs
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Luc Dupuis
- UMRS-1118 INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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452
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Progress in understanding the role of lncRNA in programmed cell death. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:30. [PMID: 33558499 PMCID: PMC7870930 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides but not translated into proteins. LncRNAs regulate gene expressions at multiple levels, such as chromatin, transcription, and post-transcription. Further, lncRNAs participate in various biological processes such as cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and maintenance of stem cell pluripotency. We have previously reported that lncRNAs are closely related to programmed cell death (PCD), which includes apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Overexpression of lncRNA can suppress the extrinsic apoptosis pathway by downregulating of membrane receptors and protect tumor cells by inhibiting the expression of necroptosis-related proteins. Some lncRNAs can also act as competitive endogenous RNA to prevent oxidation, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis, while some are known to activate autophagy. The relationship between lncRNA and PCD has promising implications in clinical research, and reports have highlighted this relationship in various cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer. This review systematically summarizes the advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs impact PCD.
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453
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ABIN-1 is a key regulator in RIPK1-dependent apoptosis (RDA) and necroptosis, and ABIN-1 deficiency potentiates necroptosis-based cancer therapy in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:140. [PMID: 33542218 PMCID: PMC7862295 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABIN-1, also called TNIP1, is an ubiquitin-binding protein that serves an important role in suppressing RIPK1-independent apoptosis, necroptosis, and NF-κB activation. However, the involvement of ABIN-1 in the regulation of RIPK1-dependent apoptosis (RDA) is unknown. In this study, we found that poly(I:C) + TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (P5) concurrently induces RDA and necroptosis in Abin-1−/−, but not in Abin-1+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Upon P5 stimulation, cells initially die by necroptosis and subsequently by RDA. Furthermore, we explored the therapeutic effect of ABIN-1 deficiency in necroptosis-based cancer therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that poly(I:C) + 5Z-7-oxozeaenol + IDN-6556 (P5I) yields a robust pro-necroptosis response, and ABIN-1 deficiency additionally enhances this P5I-induced necroptosis. Moreover, phase I/II cIAP inhibitor birinapant with clinical caspase inhibitor IDN-6556 (BI) alone and 5-fluorouracil with IDN-6556 (FI) alone are sufficient to induce necroptotic cell death in CRC cells by promoting auto-secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF); ABIN-1 deficiency amplifies the BI- or FI-induced necroptosis. Two independent xenograft experiments using HT-29 or COLO205 cells show that both BI and P5I remarkably inhibit tumor growth via necroptosis activation. For poly(I:C)-induced cell death, the sensitizing effect of ABIN-1 deficiency on cell death may be attributed to increased expression of TLR3. In TNF-induced necroptosis, ABIN-1 deficiency increases TNF-induced RIPK1 polyubiquitination by reducing the recruitment of ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 to the TNFR1 signaling complex and induces more TNF secretion in CRC cells upon pro-necroptosis stimulation. With this combined data, ABIN-1 deficiency promotes greater sensitization of CRC cells to necroptosis.
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454
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Song S, Ding Y, Dai GL, Zhang Y, Xu MT, Shen JR, Chen TT, Chen Y, Meng GL. Sirtuin 3 deficiency exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy via necroptosis enhancement and NLRP3 activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:230-241. [PMID: 32770173 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular, metabolic, and other aging-related diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT3 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, ip) to induce diabetes mellitus. Our proteomics analysis revealed that SIRT3 expression in the myocardium of diabetic mice was lower than that of control mice, as subsequently confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. To explore the role of SIRT3 in DCM, SIRT3-knockout mice and 129S1/SvImJ wild-type mice were injected with STZ. We found that diabetic mice with SIRT3 deficiency exhibited aggravated cardiac dysfunction, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in the serum, decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the myocardium, exacerbated myocardial injury, and promoted myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were transfected with SIRT3 siRNA, then exposed to high glucose (HG, 25.5 mM). We found that downregulation of SIRT3 further increased LDH release, decreased ATP level, suppressed the mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated oxidative stress in HG-treated cardiomyocytes. SIRT3 deficiency further raised expression of necroptosis-related proteins including receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and cleaved caspase 3, and upregulated the expression of inflammation-related proteins including NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase 1 p20, and interleukin-1β both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, SIRT3 deficiency aggravated hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial damage, increased ROS accumulation, promoted necroptosis, possibly activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, and ultimately exacerbated DCM in the mice. These results suggest that SIRT3 can be a molecular intervention target for the prevention and treatment of DCM.
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455
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In multiple sclerosis, currently approved disease-modifying treatments are effective in modulating peripheral immunity, and coherently, in reducing clinical/radiological relapses, but still, they perform poorly in preventing disease progression and overall disability accrual. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the neuropathology of progressive multiple sclerosis, including a summary of the main mechanisms of disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical progression in multiple sclerosis is likely related to the accumulation of neuro-axonal loss in a lifelong inflammatory CNS environment (both adaptive and innate) and relative un-balance between damage, repair and brain functional reserve. A critical driver appears to be the T-cell and B-cell-mediated compartmentalized inflammation within the leptomeninges and within the parenchyma. Recent perspective highlighted also the role of the glial response to such lifelong inflammatory injury as the critical player for both pathological and clinical outcomes. SUMMARY The neuropathological and biological understanding of disease progression in multiple sclerosis have progressed in the last few years. As a consequence, new therapeutic approaches are emerging outside the modulation of T-cell activity and/or the depletion of B cells.
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456
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Fiani B, Kondilis A, Soula M, Tao A, Alvi MA. Novel Methods of Necroptosis Inhibition for Spinal Cord Injury Using Translational Research to Limit Secondary Injury and Enhance Endogenous Repair and Regeneration. Neurospine 2021; 18:261-270. [PMID: 33494555 PMCID: PMC8255772 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040722.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) pose an immense challenge from a clinical perspective as current treatments and interventions have been found to provide marginal improvements in clinical outcome (with varying degrees of success) particularly in areas of motor and autonomic function. In this review, the pathogenesis of SCI will be described, particularly as it relates to the necroptotic pathway which has been implicated in limiting recovery of SCI via its roles in neuronal cell death, glial scarring, inflammation, and axonal demyelination and degeneration. Major mediators of the necroptotic pathway including receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like will be described in detail regarding their role in facilitating necroptosis. Additionally, due to the rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory markers, the onset of necroptosis can begin within hours following SCI, thus developing therapeutics that readily cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit necroptosis during these critical periods of inflammation are imperative in preventing irreversible damage. As such, current therapeutic interventions regarding SCI and targeting of the necroptotic pathway will be explored as will discussion of potential future therapeutics that show promise in minimizing long-term or permanent damage to the spinal cord following severe injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, CA, USA
| | - Athanasios Kondilis
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marisol Soula
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Tao
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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457
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Bai L, Kong M, Duan Z, Liu S, Zheng S, Chen Y. M2-like macrophages exert hepatoprotection in acute-on-chronic liver failure through inhibiting necroptosis-S100A9-necroinflammation axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:93. [PMID: 33462187 PMCID: PMC7814003 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis has emerged as a novel and crucial player in acute and chronic liver diseases. Necroptotic cells lead to the release of DAMPs including S100A9, followed by the development of necroinflammation. We previously have documented the beneficial hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in vitro and in vivo, namely, M2-like macrophages protect hepatocytes against apoptosis. Herein, we integrated necroptosis, S100A9, and necroinflammation into this hepatoprotection, and hypothesized M2-like macrophages exert a hepatoprotective effect through inhibiting necroptosis-S100A9-necroinflammation axis. To testify this hypothesis, control mice were pre-treated with necroptosis or S100A9 inhibitors followed by D-GalN/LPS challenge. The extent of liver injury and M1/M2 macrophage activation was assessed. Necroptosis signaling and S100A9 expression were analysed and compared in control and fibrotic mice with or without acute insult. To document the pivotal role of M2-like macrophages in necroptosis and S100A9 inhibition, loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments were performed. In addition, necroinflammation and its dependence on necroptosis and S100A9 were analysed. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of M2-like macrophages on necroinflammation were investigated in vivo and in vitro. We found that: firstly, the inhibition of necroptosis signaling and S100A9 expression alleviated D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic damage, which was accompanied by M2-like macrophage activation; secondly, fibrosis inhibited necroptosis signaling and S100A9 expression, which could be attributed to M2-like macrophage activation; thirdly, S100A9 may function as a downstream player of necroptosis signaling; fourthly, fibrosis suppressed necroptosis- and S100A9-dependent necroinflammation; and finally, M2-like macrophages inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and resultant necroinflammation via IL-10. Therefore, M2-like macrophages exert a beneficial hepatoprotection by inhibiting necroptosis-S100A9-necroinflammation axis in ACLF. Our findings provide novel insight for treating ACLF patients by specially targeting this signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, the Fourth Department of hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, the Fourth Department of hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, the Fourth Department of hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, the Fourth Department of hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, the Fourth Department of hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, the Fourth Department of hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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458
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Song M, Zhao X, Song F. Aging-Dependent Mitophagy Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2362-2378. [PMID: 33417222 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common late-onset dementia characterized by the deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which eventually lead to neuronal loss and cognitive deficits. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the initiation and progression of AD. As essential machinery for mitochondrial quality control, mitophagy plays a housekeeping role in neuronal cells by eliminating dysfunctional or excessive mitochondria. At present, mounting evidence support that the activity of mitophagy markedly declines in human brains during aging. Impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction were causally linked to bioenergetic deficiency, oxidative stress, microglial activation, and chronic inflammation, thereby aggravating the Aβ and tau pathologies and leading to neuron loss in AD. This review summarizes recent evidence for age-associated mitophagy decline during human aging and provides an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction involved in the process of AD. It also discusses the underlying mechanisms through which defective mitophagy leads to neuronal cell death in AD. Therapeutic interventions aiming to restore mitophagy functions can be used as a strategy for ameliorating AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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459
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Schmidt MF, Gan ZY, Komander D, Dewson G. Ubiquitin signalling in neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:570-590. [PMID: 33414510 PMCID: PMC7862249 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by progressive damage to the nervous system including the selective loss of vulnerable populations of neurons leading to motor symptoms and cognitive decline. Despite millions of people being affected worldwide, there are still no drugs that block the neurodegenerative process to stop or slow disease progression. Neuronal death in these diseases is often linked to the misfolded proteins that aggregate within the brain (proteinopathies) as a result of disease-related gene mutations or abnormal protein homoeostasis. There are two major degradation pathways to rid a cell of unwanted or misfolded proteins to prevent their accumulation and to maintain the health of a cell: the ubiquitin–proteasome system and the autophagy–lysosomal pathway. Both of these degradative pathways depend on the modification of targets with ubiquitin. Aging is the primary risk factor of most neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. With aging there is a general reduction in proteasomal degradation and autophagy, and a consequent increase of potentially neurotoxic protein aggregates of β-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein, SOD1 and TDP-43. An often over-looked yet major component of these aggregates is ubiquitin, implicating these protein aggregates as either an adaptive response to toxic misfolded proteins or as evidence of dysregulated ubiquitin-mediated degradation driving toxic aggregation. In addition, non-degradative ubiquitin signalling is critical for homoeostatic mechanisms fundamental for neuronal function and survival, including mitochondrial homoeostasis, receptor trafficking and DNA damage responses, whilst also playing a role in inflammatory processes. This review will discuss the current understanding of the role of ubiquitin-dependent processes in the progressive loss of neurons and the emergence of ubiquitin signalling as a target for the development of much needed new drugs to treat neurodegenerative disease. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene F Schmidt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Zhong Yan Gan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David Komander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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460
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Wang N, Liu D. Identification and Validation a Necroptosis‑related Prognostic Signature and Associated Regulatory Axis in Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5373-5383. [PMID: 34880629 PMCID: PMC8648279 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s342613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer incidence and third in cancer-related mortality. The prognosis of GC patients was poor. Necroptosis is a type of regulated cell death mediated by RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL. Necroptosis was found to be involved in antitumor immunity in the cancer immunotherapy. METHODS LASSO Cox regression analysis was performed to construct a prognostic signature. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis. qRT-PCR was performed to verify the expression and prognosis of hub gene in STAD. RESULTS Most of necroptosis regulators were upregulated, while the mRNA level of TLR3, ALDH2, and NDRG2 was downregulated in STAD versus gastric tissues. The genetic mutation and copy number variation of necroptosis regulator in STAD were also summarized. GO and KEGG pathways analysis revealed that these necroptosis regulators were mainly involved in programmed necrotic cell death and TNF signaling pathway. A necroptosis‑related prognostic signature based on four genes (EZH2, PGAM5, TLR4, and TRAF2) had a good performance in predicting the prognosis of STAD patients. We also identified lncRNA SNHG1/miR-21-5p/TLR4 regulatory axis in the progression in STAD. Verification study suggested that the hub gene TLR4 upregulated in STAD and correlated with a poor overall survival. Moreover, Cox regression analysis revealed that TLR4 expression and clinical stage were independent factors affecting the prognosis of STAD patients. CONCLUSION We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and identified a necroptosis‑related prognostic signature and a lncRNA SNHG1/miR-21-5p/TLR4 regulatory axis in STAD. Further study should be performed to confirm our result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dingsheng Liu Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China Email
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461
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Onyango IG, Bennett JP, Stokin GB. Regulation of neuronal bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1467-1482. [PMID: 33433460 PMCID: PMC8323696 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are a heterogeneous group of debilitating disorders with multifactorial etiologies and pathogeneses that manifest distinct molecular mechanisms and clinical manifestations with abnormal protein dynamics and impaired bioenergetics. Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as an important feature in the etiopathogenesis of these age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalence and incidence of these diseases is on the rise with the increasing global population and average lifespan. Although many therapeutic approaches have been tested, there are currently no effective treatment routes for the prevention or cure of these diseases. We present the current status of our knowledge and understanding of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases and highlight recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies targeting neuronal bioenergetics as potential approach for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G Onyango
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James P Bennett
- Neurodegeneration Therapeutics, 3050A Berkmar Drive, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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462
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Yan WT, Lu S, Yang YD, Ning WY, Cai Y, Hu XM, Zhang Q, Xiong K. Research trends, hot spots and prospects for necroptosis in the field of neuroscience. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1628-1637. [PMID: 33433494 PMCID: PMC8323674 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are two types of cell death-apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis is cell death regulated by cell signaling pathways, while necrosis has until recently been considered a passive mechanism of cell death caused by environmental pressures. However, recent studies show that necrosis can also be regulated by specific cell signaling pathways. This mode of death, termed necroptosis, has been found to be related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. We used bibliometrics to analyze the global output of literature on necroptosis in the field of neuroscience published in the period 2007–2019 to identify research hotspots and prospects. We included 145 necroptosis-related publications and 2239 references published in the Web of Science during 2007–2019. Visualization analysis revealed that the number of publications related to necroptosis has increased year by year, reaching a peak in 2019. China is the country with the largest number of publications. Key word and literature analyses demonstrated that mitochondrial function change, stroke, ischemia/reperfusion and neuroinflammation are likely the research hotspots and future directions of necroptosis research in the nervous system. The relationship between immune response-related factors, damage-associated molecular patterns, pathogen-associated molecular patterns and necroptosis may become a potential research hotspot in the future. Taken together, our findings suggest that although the inherent limitations of bibliometrics may affect the accuracy of the literature-based prediction of research hotspots, the results obtained from the included publications can provide a reference for the study of necroptosis in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan-Di Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ya Ning
- Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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463
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Park J, Ha HJ, Chung ES, Baek SH, Cho Y, Kim HK, Han J, Sul JH, Lee J, Kim E, Kim J, Yang YR, Park M, Kim SH, Arumugam TV, Jang H, Seo SW, Suh PG, Jo DG. O-GlcNAcylation ameliorates the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting necroptosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabd3207. [PMID: 33523877 PMCID: PMC7806231 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation (O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation) is notably decreased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Necroptosis is activated in AD brain and is positively correlated with neuroinflammation and tau pathology. However, the links among altered O-GlcNAcylation, β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, and necroptosis are unclear. Here, we found that O-GlcNAcylation plays a protective role in AD by inhibiting necroptosis. Necroptosis was increased in AD patients and AD mouse model compared with controls; however, decreased necroptosis due to O-GlcNAcylation of RIPK3 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3) was observed in 5xFAD mice with insufficient O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminase. O-GlcNAcylation of RIPK3 suppresses phosphorylation of RIPK3 and its interaction with RIPK1. Moreover, increased O-GlcNAcylation ameliorated AD pathology, including Aβ burden, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and damaged mitochondria and recovered the M2 phenotype and phagocytic activity of microglia. Thus, our data establish the influence of O-GlcNAcylation on Aβ accumulation and neurodegeneration, suggesting O-GlcNAcylation-based treatments as potential interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Ha
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Eun Seon Chung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seung Hyun Baek
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yoonsuk Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hark Kyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jihoon Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Sul
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Junsik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Aging Research Center, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mikyoung Park
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Samsung Alzheimer's Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | | | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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464
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Zanetti LC, Weinlich R. Necroptosis, the Other Main Caspase-Independent Cell Death. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1301:123-138. [PMID: 34370290 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62026-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past decades witnessed the discovery of novel modes of cell death, such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis, all of them presenting common necrotic traits. In this chapter, we revisit the early discoveries that unveiled necroptosis as a distinct cell death mechanism. We describe necroptosis, its main regulators and their role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and in the disease state. We conclude by discussing its phenotypic similarities with ferroptosis and the possible crosstalk between these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Zanetti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Av. Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Weinlich
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Av. Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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465
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Hazafa A, Batool A, Ahmad S, Amjad M, Chaudhry SN, Asad J, Ghuman HF, Khan HM, Naeem M, Ghani U. Humanin: A mitochondrial-derived peptide in the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases. Life Sci 2021; 264:118679. [PMID: 33130077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a small mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective polypeptide encoded by mtDNA. HN exhibits protective effects in several cell types, including leukocytes, germ cells, neurons, tissues against cellular stress conditions and apoptosis through regulating various signaling mechanisms, such as JAK/STAT pathway and interaction of BCL-2 family of protein. HN is an essential cytoprotective peptide in the human body that regulates mitochondrial functions under stress conditions. The present review aims to evaluate HN peptide's antiapoptotic activities as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer, diabetes mellitus, male infertility, bone-related diseases, cardiac diseases, and brain diseases. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies, HN significantly suppressed the apoptosis during the treatment of bone osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative diseases. According to accumulated data, it is concluded that HN exerts the proapoptotic activity of TNF-α in cancer, which makes HN as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer and suggested that along with HN, the development of another mitochondrial-derived peptide could be a viable therapeutic option against different oxidative stress and apoptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ammara Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Nasir Chaudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Asad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hasham Feroz Ghuman
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naeem
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Usman Ghani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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466
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Ubiquitination of RIPK1 regulates its activation mediated by TNFR1 and TLRs signaling in distinct manners. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6364. [PMID: 33311474 PMCID: PMC7733462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RIPK1 is a death-domain (DD) containing kinase involved in regulating apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammation. RIPK1 activation is known to be regulated by its DD-mediated interaction and ubiquitination, though underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that K627 in human RIPK1-DD and its equivalent K612 in murine RIPK1-DD is a key ubiquitination site that regulates the overall ubiquitination pattern of RIPK1 and its DD-mediated interactions with other DD-containing proteins. K627R/K612R mutation inhibits the activation of RIPK1 and blocks both apoptosis and necroptosis mediated by TNFR1 signaling. However, Ripk1K612R/K612R mutation sensitizes cells to necroptosis and caspase-1 activation in response to TLRs signaling. Ripk1K612R/K612R mice are viable, but develop age-dependent reduction of RIPK1 expression, spontaneous intestinal inflammation and splenomegaly, which can be rescued by antibiotic treatment and partially by Ripk3 deficiency. Furthermore, we show that the interaction of RIPK1 with FADD contributes to suppressing the activation of RIPK3 mediated by TLRs signaling. Our study demonstrates the distinct roles of K612 ubiquitination in mRIPK1/K627 ubiquitination in hRIPK1 in regulating its pro-death kinase activity in response to TNFα and pro-survival activity in response to TLRs signaling.
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467
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Kagiya G, Sato A, Ogawa R, Hatashita M, Kato M, Kubo M, Kojima F, Kawakami F, Nishimura Y, Abe N, Hyodo F. Real-time visualization of intratumoral necrosis using split-luciferase reconstitution by protein trans-splicing. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 20:48-58. [PMID: 33575470 PMCID: PMC7851486 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis, a form of cell death, occurs not only with the development of various diseases but also with a tumor tissue response to cancer treatment. Therefore, pursuing progress for cancer therapy through induction of necrosis may be one of the most effective approaches for cancer eradication. We herein describe the development of a real-time imaging system to visualize intratumoral necrosis. The system is composed of two types of cells expressing either one of two necrosis imaging reporters that consist of a DnaE intein sequence linking to one of two split-luciferase fragments. When necrosis occurs in a tumor composed of both of the cells, the two types of leaked reporters can reconstitute the enzymatic activity as a result of protein trans-splicing and thereby emit bioluminescence in the presence of the substrate. This system, which was constructed with shrimp-derived luciferase, allowed in vitro imaging of necrosis. We further confirmed real-time imaging of intratumoral necrosis caused by physical or chemical tissue disruption, validating its application in in vivo necrosis imaging. Thus, the constructed imaging system could be a powerful tool for the optimization of the therapeutic condition for cancer therapy and for the evaluation of novel anticancer drugs targeting necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Kagiya
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ogawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatashita
- Biotechnology Division, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, 64-52-1 Nagatani, Tsuruga, Fukui 914-0192, Japan
| | - Mana Kato
- Department of Radiological Services, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Makoto Kubo
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kojima
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kawakami
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yukari Nishimura
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Naoya Abe
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagida, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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468
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Lewcock JW, Schlepckow K, Di Paolo G, Tahirovic S, Monroe KM, Haass C. Emerging Microglia Biology Defines Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuron 2020; 108:801-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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469
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Torres-Jardón R, Franco-Lira M, Kulesza R, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Brito-Aguilar R, García-Arreola B, Revueltas-Ficachi P, Barrera-Velázquez JA, García-Alonso G, García-Rojas E, Mukherjee PS, Delgado-Chávez R. Environmental Nanoparticles, SARS-CoV-2 Brain Involvement, and Potential Acceleration of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases in Young Urbanites Exposed to Air Pollution. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:479-503. [PMID: 32955466 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD, PD) have a pediatric and young adult onset in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC). The SARS-CoV-2 neurotropic RNA virus is triggering neurological complications and deep concern regarding acceleration of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes already in progress. This review, based on our MMC experience, will discuss two major issues: 1) why residents chronically exposed to air pollution are likely to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 systemic and brain effects and 2) why young people with AD and PD already in progress will accelerate neurodegenerative processes. Secondary mental consequences of social distancing and isolation, fear, financial insecurity, violence, poor health support, and lack of understanding of the complex crisis are expected in MMC residents infected or free of SARS-CoV-2. MMC residents with pre-SARS-CoV-2 accumulation of misfolded proteins diagnostic of AD and PD and metal-rich, magnetic nanoparticles damaging key neural organelles are an ideal host for neurotropic SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus invading the body through the same portals damaged by nanoparticles: nasal olfactory epithelium, the gastrointestinal tract, and the alveolar-capillary portal. We urgently need MMC multicenter retrospective-prospective neurological and psychiatric population follow-up and intervention strategies in place in case of acceleration of neurodegenerative processes, increased risk of suicide, and mental disease worsening. Identification of vulnerable populations and continuous effort to lower air pollution ought to be critical steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Torres-Jardón
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maricela Franco-Lira
- Colegio de Bachilleres Militarizado, "General Mariano Escobedo", Monterrey, N.L., México
| | - Randy Kulesza
- Auditory Research Center, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Partha S Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
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470
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Domesticated and optimized mitochondria: Mitochondrial modifications based on energetic status and cellular stress. Life Sci 2020; 265:118766. [PMID: 33245965 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main source of energy and play an important role in coupling intracellular and intercellular metabolic cooperation. Cellular stress and energetic status can affect various mitochondrial behaviors, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, assembly of respiratory chain supercomplexes and mitochondrial distribution. These modifications usually result in adaptive adjustment of mitochondrial output and resistance to cellular stress. However, when the pro-death signals triggered by excessive damage converge to mitochondria, mitochondrial reserve and functional status can profoundly determine the direction of cell death, and even affect the survival and death of surrounding or distant tissues. In this review, we discuss multiple mitochondrial modifications in eukaryotes based on metabolic status and cellular stress, and review the emerging knowledge about the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on the fate of cells and surrounding tissues.
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471
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William M, Turnadzic S, Chu XP. Commentary: Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Auto-Inhibition of ASIC1a for Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Brain Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:604892. [PMID: 33390995 PMCID: PMC7774517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.604892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew William
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Sejla Turnadzic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Xiang-Ping Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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472
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Wang Y, Ma H, Huang J, Yao Z, Yu J, Zhang W, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhuang C. Discovery of bardoxolone derivatives as novel orally active necroptosis inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113030. [PMID: 33248849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that contributes to the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, bardoxolone (CDDO, 7) was an inhibitor of necroptosis identified from an in-house natural product library. Further optimization led to identify a more potent analogue 20. Compound 20 could effectively protect against necroptosis in human and mouse cells. The antinecroptotic effect could also be synergized with other necroptosis inhibitors. It blocked necrosome formation by targeting Hsp90 to inhibit the phosphorylation of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in necroptotic cells. In vivo, this compound was orally active to alleviate TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and cerebral I/R injury. Our results suggested that 20 could be a lead compound for discovering necroptosis inhibitors in I/R treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Middle Zhijiang Road, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Hao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nan Wei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiaxuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhengguang Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Middle Zhijiang Road, Shanghai, 200071, China.
| | - Zhibin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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473
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How Repair-or-Dispose Decisions Under Stress Can Initiate Disease Progression. iScience 2020; 23:101701. [PMID: 33235980 PMCID: PMC7670198 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia, the helper cells of the brain, are essential in maintaining neural resilience across time and varying challenges: By reacting to changes in neuronal health glia carefully balance repair or disposal of injured neurons. Malfunction of these interactions is implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. We present a reductionist model that mimics repair-or-dispose decisions to generate a hypothesis for the cause of disease onset. The model assumes four tissue states: healthy and challenged tissue, primed tissue at risk of acute damage propagation, and chronic neurodegeneration. We discuss analogies to progression stages observed in the most common neurodegenerative conditions and to experimental observations of cellular signaling pathways of glia-neuron crosstalk. The model suggests that the onset of neurodegeneration can result as a compromise between two conflicting goals: short-term resilience to stressors versus long-term prevention of tissue damage.
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474
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RIP1 kinase activity promotes steatohepatitis through mediating cell death and inflammation in macrophages. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:1418-1433. [PMID: 33208891 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00668-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte cell death and liver inflammation have been well recognized as central characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, the underlying molecular basis remains elusive. The kinase receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is a multitasking molecule with distinct functions in regulating apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammation. Dissecting the role of RIP1 distinct functions in different pathophysiology has absorbed huge research enthusiasm. Wild-type and RIP1 kinase-dead (Rip1K45A/K45A) mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to investigate the role of RIP1 kinase activity in the pathogenesis of NASH. Rip1K45A/K45A mice exhibited significantly alleviated NASH phenotype of hepatic steatosis, liver damage, fibrosis as well as reduced hepatic cell death and inflammation compared to WT mice. Our results also indicated that both in vivo lipotoxicity and in vitro saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid) treatment were able to induce the kinase activation of RIP1 in liver macrophages. RIP1 kinase was required for mediating inflammasome activation, apoptotic and necrotic cell death induced by palmitic acid in both bone marrow-derived macrophage and mouse primary Kupffer cells. Results from chimeric mice established through lethal irradiation and bone marrow transplantation further confirmed that the RIP1 kinase in hematopoietic-derived macrophages contributed mostly to the disease progression in NASH. Consistent with murine models, we also found that RIP1 kinase was markedly activated in human NASH, and the kinase activation mainly occurred in liver macrophages as indicated by immunofluorescence double staining. In summary, our study indicated that RIP1 kinase was phosphorylated and activated mainly in liver macrophages in both experimental and clinical NASH. We provided direct genetic evidence that the kinase activity of RIP1 especially in hematopoietic-derived macrophages contributes to the pathogenesis of NASH, through mediating inflammasome activation and cell death induction. Macrophage RIP1 kinase represents a specific and potential therapeutic target for NASH.
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475
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Zeng M, He Y, Du H, Yang J, Wan H. Output Regulation and Function Optimization of Mitochondria in Eukaryotes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598112. [PMID: 33330486 PMCID: PMC7718039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of endosymbiosis between aerobic alpha-proteobacterium and anaerobic eukaryotic cell precursors opened the chapter of eukaryotic evolution. Multiple functions of mitochondria originated from the ancient precursors of mitochondria and underwent remodeling in eukaryotic cells. Due to the dependence on mitochondrial functions, eukaryotic cells need to constantly adjust mitochondrial output based on energy demand and cellular stress. Meanwhile, eukaryotes conduct the metabolic cooperation between different cells through the involvement of mitochondria. Under some conditions, mitochondria might also be transferred to nearby cells to provide a protective mechanism. However, the endosymbiont relationship determines the existence of various types of mitochondrial injury, such as proteotoxic stress, mutational meltdown, oxidative injure, and immune activation caused by released mitochondrial contents. Eukaryotes have a repertoire of mitochondrial optimization processes, including various mitochondrial quality-control proteins, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and activation of mitochondrial autophagy. When these quality-control processes fail, eukaryotic cells can activate apoptosis to intercept uncontrolled cell death, thereby minimizing the damage to extracellular tissue. In this review, we describe the intracellular and extracellular context-based regulation of mitochondrial output in eukaryotic cells, and introduce new findings on multifaceted quality-control processes to deal with mitochondrial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Zeng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Du
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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476
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Hu H, Wu G, Shu Z, Yu D, Nan N, Yuan F, Liu X, Wang H. ICP6 Prevents RIP1 Activation to Hinder Necroptosis Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595253. [PMID: 33195272 PMCID: PMC7661466 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of programmed necrosis which depends on the activation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3). Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is known to block necroptosis by the viral protein ICP6 in human cells, but its specific inhibitory mechanism is not fully understood. Here we reported that ICP6 could promote rather than suppress the formation of necrosome, the necroptosis signaling complex containing RIP3 and upstream regulator receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), but blocked RIP3 activation. Moreover, ICP6 could reduce the necroptosis-specific auto-phosphorylation of RIP1 regardless of the presence of RIP3. These results indicate that ICP6 block necroptosis through preventing RIP1 activation dependent signal transduction in necrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxiang Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqian Shu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Nan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feiyang Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huayi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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477
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De Silva P, Saad MA, Thomsen HC, Bano S, Ashraf S, Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy, priming and optical imaging: Potential co-conspirators in treatment design and optimization - a Thomas Dougherty Award for Excellence in PDT paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020; 24:1320-1360. [PMID: 37425217 PMCID: PMC10327884 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a photochemistry-based approach, approved for the treatment of several malignant and non-malignant pathologies. It relies on the use of a non-toxic, light activatable chemical, photosensitizer, which preferentially accumulates in tissues/cells and, upon irradiation with the appropriate wavelength of light, confers cytotoxicity by generation of reactive molecular species. The preferential accumulation however is not universal and, depending on the anatomical site, the ratio of tumor to normal tissue may be reversed in favor of normal tissue. Under such circumstances, control of the volume of light illumination provides a second handle of selectivity. Singlet oxygen is the putative favorite reactive molecular species although other entities such as nitric oxide have been credibly implicated. Typically, most photosensitizers in current clinical use have a finite quantum yield of fluorescence which is exploited for surgery guidance and can also be incorporated for monitoring and treatment design. In addition, the photodynamic process alters the cellular, stromal, and/or vascular microenvironment transiently in a process termed photodynamic priming, making it more receptive to subsequent additional therapies including chemo- and immunotherapy. Thus, photodynamic priming may be considered as an enabling technology for the more commonly used frontline treatments. Recently, there has been an increase in the exploitation of the theranostic potential of photodynamic therapy in different preclinical and clinical settings with the use of new photosensitizer formulations and combinatorial therapeutic options. The emergence of nanomedicine has further added to the repertoire of photodynamic therapy's potential and the convergence and co-evolution of these two exciting tools is expected to push the barriers of smart therapies, where such optical approaches might have a special niche. This review provides a perspective on current status of photodynamic therapy in anti-cancer and anti-microbial therapies and it suggests how evolving technologies combined with photochemically-initiated molecular processes may be exploited to become co-conspirators in optimization of treatment outcomes. We also project, at least for the short term, the direction that this modality may be taking in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpamali De Silva
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hanna C. Thomsen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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478
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ROS-Mediated Necroptosis Is Involved in Iron Overload-Induced Osteoblastic Cell Death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1295382. [PMID: 33123307 PMCID: PMC7586162 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1295382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excess iron has been reported to lead to osteoblastic cell damage, which is a crucial pathogenesis of iron overload-related osteoporosis. However, the cytotoxic mechanisms have not been fully documented. In the present study, we focused on whether necroptosis contributes to iron overload-induced osteoblastic cell death and related underlying mechanisms. Here, we showed that the cytotoxicity of iron overload in osteoblastic cells was mainly due to necrosis, as evidenced by the Hoechst 33258/PI staining, Annexin-V/PI staining, and transmission electronic microscopy. Furthermore, we revealed that iron overload-induced osteoblastic necrosis might be mediated via the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL necroptotic pathway. In addition, we also found that iron overload was able to trigger mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, which is a critical downstream event in the execution of necroptosis. The key finding of our experiment was that iron overload-induced necroptotic cell death might depend on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as N-acetylcysteine effectively rescued mPTP opening and necroptotic cell death. ROS induced by iron overload promote necroptosis via a positive feedback mechanism, as on the one hand N-acetylcysteine attenuates the upregulation of RIPK1 and RIPK3 and phosphorylation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL and on the other hand Nec-1, siRIPK1, or siRIPK3 reduced ROS generation. In summary, iron overload induced necroptosis of osteoblastic cells in vitro, which is mediated, at least in part, through the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway. We also highlight the critical role of ROS in the regulation of iron overload-induced necroptosis in osteoblastic cells.
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479
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Liu Y, Fang Y, Chen X, Wang Z, Liang X, Zhang T, Liu M, Zhou N, Lv J, Tang K, Xie J, Gao Y, Cheng F, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Zhang X, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Huang B. Gasdermin E-mediated target cell pyroptosis by CAR T cells triggers cytokine release syndrome. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/43/eaax7969. [PMID: 31953257 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) counteracts the effectiveness of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in cancer patients, but the mechanism underlying CRS remains unclear. Here, we show that tumor cell pyroptosis triggers CRS during CAR T cell therapy. We find that CAR T cells rapidly activate caspase 3 in target cells through release of granzyme B. The latter cleaves gasdermin E (GSDME), a pore-forming protein highly expressed in B leukemic and other target cells, which results in extensive pyroptosis. Consequently, pyroptosis-released factors activate caspase 1 for GSDMD cleavage in macrophages, which results in the release of cytokines and subsequent CRS. Knocking out GSDME, depleting macrophages, or inhibiting caspase 1 eliminates CRS occurrence in mouse models. In patients, GSDME and lactate dehydrogenase levels are correlated with the severity of CRS. Notably, we find that the quantity of perforin/granzyme B used by CAR T cells rather than existing CD8+ T cells is critical for CAR T cells to induce target cell pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, CAMS, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yiliang Fang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiadi Lv
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yunfeng Gao
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Feiran Cheng
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yabo Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Quanli Gao
- Department of Immunology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, CAMS, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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480
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Recent progress in therapeutic drug delivery systems for treatment of traumatic CNS injuries. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1759-1778. [PMID: 33028091 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most therapeutics for the treatment of traumatic central nervous system injuries, such as traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, encounter various obstacles in reaching the target tissue and exerting pharmacological effects, including physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier, instability rapid elimination from the injured tissue or cerebrospinal fluid and off-target toxicity. For central nervous system delivery, nano- and microdrug delivery systems are regarded as the most suitable and promising carriers. In this review, the pathophysiology and biomarkers of traumatic central nervous system injuries (traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury) are introduced. Furthermore, various drug delivery systems, novel combinatorial therapies and advanced therapies for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are emphasized.
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481
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Khadka B, Lee JY, Park DH, Kim KT, Bae JS. The Role of Natural Compounds and their Nanocarriers in the Treatment of CNS Inflammation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1401. [PMID: 33019651 PMCID: PMC7601486 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, which is involved in various inflammatory cascades in nervous tissues, can result in persistent and chronic apoptotic neuronal cell death and programmed cell death, triggering various degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroprotective effects of natural compounds against neuroinflammation are mainly mediated by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that specifically promote or inhibit various molecular signal transduction pathways. However, natural compounds have several limitations, such as their pharmacokinetic properties and stability, which hinder their clinical development and use as medicines. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and degenerative diseases of CNS. In addition, it emphasizes potential natural compounds and their promising nanocarriers for overcoming their limitations in the treatment of neuroinflammation. Moreover, recent promising CNS inflammation-targeted nanocarrier systems implementing lesion site-specific active targeting strategies for CNS inflammation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Khadka
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Ki-Taek Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea;
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMR1, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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482
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Zhang D, Huang P, Sharma M, Keller CA, Giardine B, Zhang H, Gilgenast TG, Phillips-Cremins JE, Hardison RC, Blobel GA. Alteration of genome folding via contact domain boundary insertion. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1076-1087. [PMID: 32868908 PMCID: PMC7541666 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal chromosomes are partitioned into contact domains. Pathogenic domain disruptions can result from chromosomal rearrangements or perturbation of architectural factors. However, such broad-scale alterations are insufficient to define the minimal requirements for domain formation. Moreover, to what extent domains can be engineered is just beginning to be explored. In an attempt to create contact domains, we inserted a 2-kb DNA sequence underlying a tissue-invariant domain boundary-containing a CTCF-binding site (CBS) and a transcription start site (TSS)-into 16 ectopic loci across 11 chromosomes, and characterized its architectural impact. Depending on local constraints, this fragment variably formed new domains, partitioned existing ones, altered compartmentalization and initiated contacts reflecting chromatin loop extrusion. Deletions of the CBS or the TSS individually or in combination within inserts revealed its distinct contributions to genome folding. Altogether, short DNA insertions can suffice to shape the spatial genome in a manner influenced by chromatin context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Peng Huang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malini Sharma
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cheryl A Keller
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Belinda Giardine
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas G Gilgenast
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Phillips-Cremins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gerd A Blobel
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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483
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Chronic stepwise cerebral hypoperfusion differentially induces synaptic proteome changes in the frontal cortex, occipital cortex, and hippocampus in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15999. [PMID: 32994510 PMCID: PMC7524772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), the cerebral blood flow gradually decreases, leading to cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative disorders, such as vascular dementia. The reduced oxygenation, energy supply induced metabolic changes, and insufficient neuroplasticity could be reflected in the synaptic proteome. We performed stepwise bilateral common carotid occlusions on rats and studied the synaptic proteome changes of the hippocampus, occipital and frontal cortices. Samples were prepared and separated by 2-D DIGE and significantly altered protein spots were identified by HPLC–MS/MS. We revealed an outstanding amount of protein changes in the occipital cortex compared to the frontal cortex and the hippocampus with 94, 33, and 17 proteins, respectively. The high alterations in the occipital cortex are probably due to the hypoxia-induced retrograde degeneration of the primary visual cortex, which was demonstrated by electrophysiological experiments. Altered proteins have functions related to cytoskeletal organization and energy metabolism. As CCH could also be an important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated whether our altered proteins overlap with AD protein databases. We revealed a significant amount of altered proteins associated with AD in the two neocortical areas, suggesting a prominent overlap with the AD pathomechanism.
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484
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Eberhart C. Astrocytes: new stars in the medulloblastoma firmament. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:587-589. [PMID: 32157298 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Eberhart
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Ophthalmology
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485
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Emerging connectivity of programmed cell death pathways and its physiological implications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:678-695. [PMID: 32873928 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The removal of functionally dispensable, infected or potentially neoplastic cells is driven by programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, highlighting their important roles in homeostasis, host defence against pathogens, cancer and a range of other pathologies. Several types of PCD pathways have been described, including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis; they employ distinct molecular and cellular processes and differ in their outcomes, such as the capacity to trigger inflammatory responses. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have revealed remarkable flexibility in the use of these PCD pathways and indicate a considerable degree of plasticity in their molecular regulation; for example, despite having a primary role in inducing pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases can also induce apoptosis, and conversely, apoptotic stimuli can trigger pyroptosis. Intriguingly, this flexibility is most pronounced in cellular responses to infection, while apoptosis is the dominant cell death process through which organisms prevent the development of cancer. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms of the different types of PCD and describe the physiological and pathological processes that engage crosstalk between these pathways, focusing on infections and cancer. We discuss the intriguing notion that the different types of PCD could be seen as a single, coordinated cell death system, in which the individual pathways are highly interconnected and can flexibly compensate for one another.
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486
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Shahar N, Larisch S. Inhibiting the inhibitors: Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins in cancer and therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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487
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Myofiber necroptosis promotes muscle stem cell proliferation via releasing Tenascin-C during regeneration. Cell Res 2020; 30:1063-1077. [PMID: 32839552 PMCID: PMC7784988 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is characterized by the loss of membrane integrity and release of intracellular contents, the execution of which depends on the membrane-disrupting activity of the Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like protein (MLKL) upon its phosphorylation. Here we found myofibers committed MLKL-dependent necroptosis after muscle injury. Either pharmacological inhibition of the necroptosis upstream kinase Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases 1 (RIPK1) or genetic ablation of MLKL expression in myofibers led to significant muscle regeneration defects. By releasing factors into the muscle stem cell (MuSC) microenvironment, necroptotic myofibers facilitated muscle regeneration. Tenascin-C (TNC), released by necroptotic myofibers, was found to be critical for MuSC proliferation. The temporary expression of TNC in myofibers is tightly controlled by necroptosis; the extracellular release of TNC depends on necroptotic membrane rupture. TNC directly activated EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in MuSCs through its N-terminus assembly domain together with the EGF-like domain. These findings indicate that necroptosis plays a key role in promoting MuSC proliferation to facilitate muscle regeneration.
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488
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Zhou T, Huang WK, Xu QY, Zhou X, Shao LQ, Song B. Nec-1 attenuates inflammation and cytotoxicity induced by high glucose on THP-1 derived macrophages through RIP1. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104858. [PMID: 32805637 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to study whether necrostain-1 (Nec-1) could alleviate inflammatory injury induced by high glucose upon THP-1 derived macrophages through RIP1. DESIGN Firstly, THP-1 derived macrophages were incubated with 5.5 mM glucose (normal glucose, NG), 25 mM glucose (high glucose, HG), and mannitol as the high osmotic pressure group (5.5 mM glucose+19.5 mM mannitol) for 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA. Secondly, macrophages were exposed to NG, HG, or HG plus 5 μM necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) for 72 h. mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokine was measured by RT-PCR, and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and LDH leakage were determined by ELISA. RIP1 expression was determined by RT-PCR and WB. Thirdly, macrophages were transfected with si-RIP1 or negative control (si-NC). Wild type and RIP1-silenced macrophages were incubated with NG or HG, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and LDH levels were measured again by ELISA. RESULTS 1) TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were elevated in the HG group, as compared with that the NG group. Inflammation remained unchanged in the mannitol group. 2) Inflammatory response and LDH levels in the HG plus Nec-1 group were remarkably lower than in the HG group. 3) Inflammatory injury in the si-NC group was more severe than in the si-RIP1 group. CONCLUSIONS Current results indicated that Nec-1 could alleviate HG-caused inflammatory injury on THP-1 derived macrophages by regulating RIP1. These findings could help cast light on the relationships between diabetes and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Wei-Kun Huang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Xu
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Xue Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Long-Quan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Bin Song
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
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489
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Yan YQ, Fang Y, Zheng R, Pu JL, Zhang BR. NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Parkinson's disease and their Regulation by Parkin. Neuroscience 2020; 446:323-334. [PMID: 32795556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation might correlate with the formation of α-synuclein oligomers, subsequently leading to dopaminergic (DA) neuronal death in Parkinson's disease (PD). As major components of chronic inflammation, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes play a crucial role in PD via caspase 1 activation, primarily induced by mitochondrial damage. NLRP3 binds to apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (PYCARD/ASC), and forms inflammasomes in the brain. Inflammasomes act as a platform for caspase 1 to induce interleukin 1 Beta (IL1β) maturation, leading to neuronal pyroptosis. Furthermore, alpha-synuclein, whose abnormal aggregation is the main pathogenesis of PD, also activates NLRP3 inflammasomes. Mutations to PRKN (encoding Parkin) are the most common cause of autosomal recessive familial and sporadic early-onset PD. Evidence has confirmed a relationship between Parkin and NLRP3 inflammasomes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of NLRP3 inflammasomes and their role in PD progression, and discuss their regulation by Parkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jia-Li Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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490
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Cuny GD, Degterev A. RIPK protein kinase family: Atypical lives of typical kinases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 109:96-105. [PMID: 32732131 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases (RIPKs) are a family of Ser/Thr/Tyr kinases whose functions, regulation and pathophysiologic roles have remained an enigma for a long time. In recent years, these proteins garnered significant interest due to their roles in regulating a variety of host defense functions including control of inflammatory gene expression, different forms of cell death, and cutaneous and intestinal barrier functions. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that while these kinases seemingly follow typical kinase blueprints, their functioning in cells can take forms that are atypical for protein kinases. Lastly, while these kinases generally belong to distinct areas of innate immune regulation, there are emerging overarching themes that may unify the functions of this kinase family. Our review seeks to discuss the biology of RIPKs, and how typical and atypical features of this family informs the activity of a rapidly growing repertoire of RIPK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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491
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Catalytically inactive RIP1 and RIP3 deficiency protect against acute ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis and neuroinflammation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:565. [PMID: 32703968 PMCID: PMC7378260 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis, which is mediated by RIP1/RIP3/MLKL (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/receptor-interacting protein kinase 3/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein) signaling, is a critical process in the development of acute ischemic stroke. However, it is unclear precisely how necroptosis promotes the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke. In this experimental study in mice, we investigated how necroptosis loss-of-function mice, RIP1 kinase-dead mice, RIP3-deficiency mice, and MLKL-deficiency mice could be protected against cerebral injury after acute ischemic stroke. Insoluble RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL were all detected in the infarct area of the study mice, indicating activation of necroptosis. Two types of RIP1 kinase-dead mutant mice (Rip1K45A/K45A or Rip1Δ/Δ) were used to show that catalytically-inactive RIP1 can decrease the infarct volume and improve neurological function after MCAO/R (middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion). Both Rip3−/− mice and Mlkl−/− mice were protected against acute ischemic stroke. In addition, necroptosis loss-of-function mice showed less inflammatory responses in the infarct area. Therefore, necroptosis and its accompanying inflammatory response can lead to acute injury following ischemia stroke. Our study provides new insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke, and suggests potential therapeutic targets for neuroprotection.
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492
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Rodríguez-Gómez JA, Kavanagh E, Engskog-Vlachos P, Engskog MK, Herrera AJ, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Joseph B, Hajji N, Venero JL, Burguillos MA. Microglia: Agents of the CNS Pro-Inflammatory Response. Cells 2020; 9:E1717. [PMID: 32709045 PMCID: PMC7407646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory immune response driven by microglia is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Though the research of microglia spans over a century, the last two decades have increased our understanding exponentially. Here, we discuss the phenotypic transformation from homeostatic microglia towards reactive microglia, initiated by specific ligand binding to pattern recognition receptors including toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) or triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), as well as pro-inflammatory signaling pathways triggered such as the caspase-mediated immune response. Additionally, new research disciplines such as epigenetics and immunometabolism have provided us with a more holistic view of how changes in DNA methylation, microRNAs, and the metabolome may influence the pro-inflammatory response. This review aimed to discuss our current knowledge of pro-inflammatory microglia from different angles, including recent research highlights such as the role of exosomes in spreading neuroinflammation and emerging techniques in microglia research including positron emission tomography (PET) scanning and the use of human microglia generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Finally, we also discuss current thoughts on the impact of pro-inflammatory microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Rodríguez-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Edel Kavanagh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Pinelopi Engskog-Vlachos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.E.-V.); (B.J.)
| | - Mikael K.R. Engskog
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Antonio J. Herrera
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ana M. Espinosa-Oliva
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.E.-V.); (B.J.)
| | - Nabil Hajji
- Division of Brain Sciences, The John Fulcher Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK;
| | - José L. Venero
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Burguillos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.R.-G.); (A.J.H.); (A.M.E.-O.); (J.L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
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493
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Schnappauf O, Aksentijevich I. Mendelian diseases of dysregulated canonical NF-κB signaling: From immunodeficiency to inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:573-589. [PMID: 32678922 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0520-166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a master transcription factor that activates the expression of target genes in response to various stimulatory signals. Activated NF-κB mediates a plethora of diverse functions including innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammation, cell proliferation, and NF-κB is regulated through interactions with IκB inhibitory proteins, which are in turn regulated by the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) complex. Together, these 3 components form the core of the NF-κB signalosomes that have cell-specific functions which are dependent on the interactions with other signaling molecules and pathways. The activity of NF-κB pathway is also regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination by Lys63, Met1, and Lys48 ubiquitin chains. The physiologic role of NF-κB is best studied in the immune system due to discovery of many human diseases caused by pathogenic variants in various proteins that constitute the NF-κB pathway. These disease-causing variants can act either as gain-of-function (GoF) or loss-of-function (LoF) and depending on the function of mutated protein, can cause either immunodeficiency or systemic inflammation. Typically, pathogenic missense variants act as GoF and they lead to increased activity in the pathway. LoF variants can be inherited as recessive or dominant alleles and can cause either a decrease or an increase in pathway activity. Dominantly inherited LoF variants often result in haploinsufficiency of inhibitory proteins. Here, we review human Mendelian immunologic diseases, which results from mutations in different molecules in the canonical NF-κB pathway and surprisingly present with a continuum of clinical features including immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schnappauf
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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494
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Mifflin L, Ofengeim D, Yuan J. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) as a therapeutic target. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:553-571. [PMID: 32669658 PMCID: PMC7362612 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key mediator of cell death and inflammation. The unique hydrophobic pocket in the allosteric regulatory domain of RIPK1 has enabled the development of highly selective small-molecule inhibitors of its kinase activity, which have demonstrated safety in preclinical models and clinical trials. Potential applications of these RIPK1 inhibitors for the treatment of monogenic and polygenic autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, ischaemic and acute conditions, such as sepsis, are emerging. This article reviews RIPK1 biology and disease-associated mutations in RIPK1 signalling pathways, highlighting clinical trials of RIPK1 inhibitors and potential strategies to mitigate development challenges. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) — a key mediator of cell death and inflammation — is activated in human diseases. Here, Yuan and colleagues discuss current understanding of RIPK1 biology and its association with diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and sepsis. The clinical development of small-molecule RIPK1 inhibitors and associated challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mifflin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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495
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Methotrexate-loaded tumour-cell-derived microvesicles can relieve biliary obstruction in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:743-753. [PMID: 32632227 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-0583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) develop extrahepatic malignant biliary obstructions, which require palliative drainage to normalize bilirubin levels and to improve the patients' overall survival. Here, we report that the infusion of methotrexate-containing plasma-membrane microvesicles derived from apoptotic human tumour cells into the bile-duct lumen of patients with extrahepatic CCA mobilized and activated neutrophils and relieved biliary obstruction in 25% of the patients. Neutrophil recruitment by the microvesicles was associated with an increase in uridine diphosphate glucose and complement C5, and led to the degradation of the stromal barrier of CCA. The microvesicles induced pyroptosis of CCA cells through a gasdermin E-dependent pathway, and their intracellular contents released upon CCA-cell death activated patient-derived macrophages into producing proinflammatory cytokines, which attracted a secondary wave of neutrophils to the tumour site. Our findings suggest a possible treatment for the alleviation of obstructive extrahepatic CCA with few adverse effects, and highlight the potential of tumour-cell-derived microvesicles as drug carriers for antitumour therapies.
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496
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MLKL Aggravates Ox-LDL-Induced Cell Pyroptosis via Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Inflammation 2020; 43:2222-2231. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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497
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The Modulatory Effect of Metformin on Ethanol-Induced Anxiety, Redox Imbalance, and Extracellular Matrix Levels in the Brains of Wistar Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1943-1961. [PMID: 32621100 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of metformin (MET) on alcohol-induced neurotoxicity in adult Wistar rats. The animals were randomized in four groups (n = 10): control, alcohol (ALC), ALC + MET, and MET. ALC (2 g/kg b.w.) and MET (200 mg/kg b.w.) were orally administered for 21 days, once daily. For the ALC + MET group, MET was administered 2 h after ALC treatment. On day 22, the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were performed. MET improved global activity and increased the time spent in unprotected open arms, decreased oxidative stress, both in the frontal lobe and in the hippocampus, and increased neuroglobin expression in the frontal cortex. Histopathologically, an increased neurosecretory activity in the frontal cortex in the ALC + MET group was noticed. Thus, our findings suggest that metformin has antioxidant and anxiolytic effects and may partially reverse the neurotoxic effects induced by ethanol.
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498
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Nasseri B, Zareian P, Alizade H. Apelin attenuates streptozotocin-induced learning and memory impairment by modulating necroptosis signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106546. [PMID: 32413735 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is a neuropeptide that plays an important role in neuronal protection. In this study, we investigated the effects of apelin intracerebroventricular administration on spatial learning and memory-related behaviors, and necroptosis signaling pathways in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ) -injected rats. Apelin treatment was implemented following STZ-induced dementia for 15 days. After conducting a behavioral test (Morris Water Maze), the cellular and molecular aspects were examined to detect the apelin effect on the necroptosis signaling pathway. We demonstrated that STZ administration significantly slowed down the learning capability. However apelin treatment notably reversed this neuroinflammation induced behavioral impairment. Furthermore, molecular investigations showed that apelin treatment reduced the hippocampal RIP1, RIP3, and TNF-α level. Our results suggest that apelin treatment attenuates STZ-induced dementia. This effect may be mediated by inhibition of the necroptosis signaling pathway which seems to be associated with the ability of apelin to reduce central TNF-α level. This data provides evidence of the neuroprotective effect of apelin on STZ-induced learning and memory impairment and characterize some of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Nasseri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Zareian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadi Alizade
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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499
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Lamb HM. Double agents of cell death: novel emerging functions of apoptotic regulators. FEBS J 2020; 287:2647-2663. [PMID: 32239637 PMCID: PMC8796856 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly regulated form of cell death that is required for many homeostatic and pathological processes. Recently, alternative cell death pathways have emerged whose regulation is dependent on proteins with canonical functions in apoptosis. Dysregulation of apoptotic signaling frequently underlies the pathogenesis of many cancers, reinforcing the need to develop therapies that initiate alternative cell death processes. This review outlines the convergence points between apoptosis and other death pathways with the purpose of identifying novel strategies for the treatment of apoptosis-refractory cancers. Apoptosis proteins can play key roles in the initiation, regulation, and execution of nonapoptotic death processes that include necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, mPTP-mediated necrosis, and ferroptosis. Notably, recent evidence illustrates that dying cells can exhibit biochemical and molecular characteristics of more than one different type of regulated cell death. Thus, this review highlights the amazing complexity and interconnectivity of cell death processes and also raises the idea that a top-to-bottom approach to describing cell death mechanisms may be inadequate for fully understanding the means by which cells die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Lamb
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and
Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore,
MD 21205 USA
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500
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Yu J, Zhong B, Xiao Q, Du L, Hou Y, Sun HS, Lu JJ, Chen X. Induction of programmed necrosis: A novel anti-cancer strategy for natural compounds. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107593. [PMID: 32492512 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays a critical role in organism development and the pathogenesis of diseases. Necrosis is considered a non-programmed cell death in an extreme environment. Recent advances have provided solid evidence that necrosis could be programmed and quite a few types of programmed necrosis, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, paraptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis, and oncosis, have been identified. The specific biomarkers, detailed signaling, and precise pathophysiological importance of programmed necrosis are yet to be clarified, but these forms of necrosis provide novel strategies for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Natural compounds are a unique source of lead compounds for the discovery of anti-cancer drugs. Natural compounds can induce both apoptosis and programmed necrosis. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of programmed necrosis and introduced their natural inducers. Noptosis, which is a novel type of programmed necrosis that is strictly dependent on NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1-derived oxidative stress was proposed. Furthermore, the anti-cancer strategies that take advantage of programmed necrosis and the main concerns from the scientific community in this regard were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bingling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qingwen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lida Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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