501
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Yang F, Zhao D, Lan J, Xi P, Yang L, Xiang S, You J. Self-Assembled Bifunctional Catalysis Induced by Metal Coordination Interactions: An Exceptionally Efficient Approach to Enantioselective Hydrophosphonylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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502
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Yang F, Zhao D, Lan J, Xi P, Yang L, Xiang S, You J. Self-Assembled Bifunctional Catalysis Induced by Metal Coordination Interactions: An Exceptionally Efficient Approach to Enantioselective Hydrophosphonylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5646-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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503
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Andrés J, Manzano R, Pedrosa R. Novel Bifunctional Chiral Urea and Thiourea Derivatives as Organocatalysts: Enantioselective Nitro-Michael Reaction of Malonates and Diketones. Chemistry 2008; 14:5116-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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504
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Wang Y, Li P, Liang X, Ye J. Base-Base Bifunctional Catalysis: A Practical Strategy for Asymmetric Michael Addition of Malonates to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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505
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Tan B, Chua PJ, Li Y, Zhong G. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Tandem Michael−Henry Reactions: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Multifunctionalized Cyclohexanes with Two Quaternary Stereocenters. Org Lett 2008; 10:2437-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8007183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tan
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathamatical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Pei Juan Chua
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathamatical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathamatical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Guofu Zhong
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathamatical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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506
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Guo C, Xue MX, Zhu MK, Gong LZ. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Isocyanoesters to Nitroolefins Leading to Highly Optically Active Dihydropyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3414-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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507
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Guo C, Xue MX, Zhu MK, Gong LZ. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Isocyanoesters to Nitroolefins Leading to Highly Optically Active Dihydropyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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508
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Kim SJ, Lee K, Jew SS, Park HG, Jeong BS. C2-Symmetric Chiral Malonamides for Asymmetric Michael Reaction. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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509
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Vakulya B, Varga S, Soós T. Epi-Cinchona Based Thiourea Organocatalyst Family as an Efficient Asymmetric Michael Addition Promoter: Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to Chalcones and α,β-Unsaturated N-Acylpyrroles. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3475-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedek Vakulya
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary P.O. Box 17, H-1525
| | - Szilárd Varga
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary P.O. Box 17, H-1525
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary P.O. Box 17, H-1525
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510
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Hynes PS, Stupple PA, Dixon DJ. Organocatalytic asymmetric total synthesis of (R)-rolipram and formal synthesis of (3S,4R)-paroxetine. Org Lett 2008; 10:1389-91. [PMID: 18324820 DOI: 10.1021/ol800108u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient enantioselective total synthesis of (R)-rolipram and an efficient enantioselective formal synthesis of (3S,4R)-paroxetine has been achieved using the highly enantioselective Michael addition of malonate nucleophiles as key steps in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Hynes
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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511
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Connon SJ. Asymmetric catalysis with bifunctional cinchona alkaloid-based urea and thiourea organocatalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2499-510. [PMID: 18506226 DOI: 10.1039/b719249e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 696] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cinchona alkaloid derivatives modified to include a (thio)urea component have emerged in the last three years as readily accessible, robust and tunable bifunctional organocatalysts for a range of synthetically useful transformations. The origins of these catalysts and the major developments in their application in enantioselective synthesis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Connon
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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512
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513
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Rho HS, Oh SH, Lee JW, Lee JY, Chin J, Song CE. Bifunctional organocatalyst for methanolytic desymmetrization of cyclic anhydrides: increasing enantioselectivity by catalyst dilution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1208-10. [PMID: 18309419 DOI: 10.1039/b719811f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly enantioselective methanolysis of meso-cyclic anhydride was achieved with bifunctional organocatalyst containing a quinine-thiourea moiety; unusual concentration, temperature and solvent effects on the enantioselectivity can be explained in terms of a mechanism involving monomer-dimer equilibration of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Sik Rho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 440-746 Korea
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514
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Yu P, He J, Guo C. 9-Thiourea Cinchona alkaloid supported on mesoporous silica as a highly enantioselective, recyclable heterogeneous asymmetric catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2355-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b800640g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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515
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Li P, Wang Y, Liang X, Ye J. Asymmetric multifunctional organocatalytic Michael addition of nitroalkanes to α,β-unsaturated ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3302-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b804540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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516
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Li X, Cun L, Lian C, Zhong L, Chen Y, Liao J, Zhu J, Deng J. Highly enantioselective Michael addition of malononitrile to α,β-unsaturated ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:349-53. [DOI: 10.1039/b713129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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517
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Rigby CL, Dixon DJ. Enantioselective organocatalytic Michael additions to acrylic acid derivatives: generation of all-carbon quaternary stereocentres. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3798-800. [PMID: 18685781 DOI: 10.1039/b805233f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Rigby
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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518
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Wang CJ, Zhang ZH, Dong XQ, Wu XJ. Chiral amine-thioureas bearing multiple hydrogen bonding donors: highly efficient organocatalysts for asymmetric Michael addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1431-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b718949d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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519
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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520
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Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Nitromethane to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes: Three-Step Synthesis of Optically Active Baclofen. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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521
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Lubkoll J, Wennemers H. Mimicry of polyketide synthases--enantioselective 1,4-addition reactions of malonic acid half-thioesters to nitroolefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6841-4. [PMID: 17680584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Lubkoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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522
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Ye W, Jiang Z, Zhao Y, Goh SLM, Leow D, Soh YT, Tan CH. Chiral Bicyclic Guanidine as a Versatile Brønsted Base Catalyst for the Enantioselective Michael Reactions of Dithiomalonates and β-Keto Thioesters. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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523
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Rai V, Mobin SM, Namboothiri IN. Cinchonine catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective Michael addition of α-lithiated phosphonates to nitroalkenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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524
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Liu XG, Jiang JJ, Shi M. Development of axially chiral bis(arylthiourea)-based organocatalysts and their application in the enantioselective Henry reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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525
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Lubkoll J, Wennemers H. Mimicry of Polyketide Synthases—Enantioselective 1,4-Addition Reactions of Malonic Acid Half-Thioesters to Nitroolefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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526
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Sohtome Y, Takemura N, Takada K, Takagi R, Iguchi T, Nagasawa K. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reaction: Cooperative Effects of Guanidine and Thiourea Functional Groups. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:1150-60. [PMID: 17638377 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantio- and diastereoselective nitroaldol reactions were explored by using designed guanidine-thiourea bifunctional organocatalysts under mild and operationally simple biphasic conditions. These catalytic asymmetric reactions have a broad substrate generality with respect to the variety of aldehydes and nitroalkanes. Based on this catalytic nitroaldol process, straightforward syntheses of cytoxazone and 4-epi-cytoxazone were achieved. These catalytic nitroaldol reactions require KI as an additive for highly asymmetric induction; it operates by inhibiting the retro mode of the reaction. On the basis of studies of structure and catalytic-activity relationships, a plausible guanidine-thiourea cooperative mechanism and a transition state of the catalytic reactions are proposed. Drastic substituent effects on the catalytic properties of this catalyst may lead to the development of new chiral surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sohtome
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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527
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528
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Evans DA, Mito S, Seidel D. Scope and mechanism of enantioselective Michael additions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes catalyzed by nickel(II)-diamine complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:11583-92. [PMID: 17718492 DOI: 10.1021/ja0735913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Readily prepared Ni(II)-bis[(R,R)-N,N'-dibenzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine]Br(2) was shown to catalyze the Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes at room temperature in good yields with high enantioselectivities. The two diamine ligands in this system each play a distinct role: one serves as a chiral ligand to provide stereoinduction in the addition step while the other functions as a base for substrate enolization. Ligand modification within the catalyst was also investigated to facilitate the reaction of aliphatic nitroalkenes, 1,3-diketones, and beta-ketoacids. Ni(II)-bis[(R,R)-N,N'-di-p-bromo-benzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine]Br(2) was found to be an effective catalyst in these instances. Furthermore, monodiamine complex, Ni(II)-[(R,R)-N,N'-dibenzylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine]Br(2), catalyzed the addition reaction in the presence of water. The proposed model for stereochemical induction is shown to be consistent with X-ray structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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529
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Wang YQ, Song J, Hong R, Li H, Deng L. Asymmetric Friedel-crafts reaction of indoles with imines by an organic catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:8156-7. [PMID: 16787078 PMCID: PMC3161403 DOI: 10.1021/ja062700v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we report an asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with imines catalyzed by a bifunctional cinchona alkaloid catalyst. This is the first efficient organocatalytic asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with imines. This reaction is operationally simple and, unprecedentedly, affords high enantioselectivity for a wide range of indoles and both aryl and alkyl imines. This establishes a direct, convergent, and versatile approach to optically active 3-indolyl methanamines, a structural motif embedded in numerous indole alkaloids and synthetic indole derivatives.
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530
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Zu L, Xie H, Li H, Wang J, Jiang W, Wang W. Chiral Amine Thiourea-Promoted Enantioselective Domino Michael-Aldol Reactions between 2-Mercaptobenzaldehydes and Maleimides. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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531
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Alemán J, Richter B, Jørgensen K. Organocatalytic Highly Enantioselective α-Arylation of β-Ketoesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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532
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Alemán J, Richter B, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Highly Enantioselective α-Arylation of β-Ketoesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:5515-9. [PMID: 17523204 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Alemán
- Danish National Research Foundation, Center for Catalysis Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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533
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Gu LQ, Zhao G. 4,4′-Disubstituted-L-proline Catalyzes the Direct Asymmetric Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitrostyrenes. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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534
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Martin NJA, Ozores L, List B. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroolefins. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8976-7. [PMID: 17602561 DOI: 10.1021/ja074045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn J A Martin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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535
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Jiang L, Zheng HT, Liu TY, Yue L, Chen YC. Asymmetric direct vinylogous carbon–carbon bond formation catalyzed by bifunctional organocatalysts. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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536
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Asymmetric conjugate addition of azide to α,β-unsaturated nitro compounds catalyzed by cinchona alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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537
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Bartoli G, Bosco M, Carlone A, Cavalli A, Locatelli M, Mazzanti A, Ricci P, Sambri L, Melchiorre P. Organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to maleimides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:4966-70. [PMID: 16819743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica "A. Mangini", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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538
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Abstract
Hydrogen bonding is responsible for the structure of much of the world around us. The unusual and complex properties of bulk water, the ability of proteins to fold into stable three-dimensional structures, the fidelity of DNA base pairing, and the binding of ligands to receptors are among the manifestations of this ubiquitous noncovalent interaction. In addition to its primacy as a structural determinant, hydrogen bonding plays a crucial functional role in catalysis. Hydrogen bonding to an electrophile serves to decrease the electron density of this species, activating it toward nucleophilic attack. This principle is employed frequently by Nature's catalysts, enzymes, for the acceleration of a wide range of chemical processes. Recently, organic chemists have begun to appreciate the tremendous potential offered by hydrogen bonding as a mechanism for electrophile activation in small-molecule, synthetic catalyst systems. In particular, chiral hydrogen-bond donors have emerged as a broadly applicable class of catalysts for enantioselective synthesis. This review documents these advances, emphasizing the structural and mechanistic features that contribute to high enantioselectivity in hydrogen-bond-mediated catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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539
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Wang J, Heikkinen L, Li H, Zu L, Jiang W, Xie H, Wang W. Quinine-Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Addition of Diphenyl Phosphite to Nitroolefins: Synthesis of Chiral Precursors of α-Substituted β-Aminophosphonates. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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540
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Gu CL, Liu L, Sui Y, Zhao JL, Wang D, Chen YJ. Highly enantioselective Michael additions of α-cyanoacetate with chalcones catalyzed by bifunctional cinchona-derived thiourea organocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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541
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Singh VK. Highly Enantioselective Water-Compatible Organocatalyst for Michael Reaction of Ketones to Nitroolefins. Org Lett 2007; 9:1117-9. [PMID: 17316013 DOI: 10.1021/ol070082x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A chiral diamine was found to catalyze enantioselective addition of ketones to nitroolefins in aqueous/saline/organic media. The products were obtained with excellent diastereoselectivities (syn/anti = 99:1) and enantioselectivities up to 99%. The reaction could be facilitated using a mild acid. [reaction: see text]
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542
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543
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Marcelli T, van Maarseveen JH, Hiemstra H. Cupreines and cupreidines: an emerging class of bifunctional cinchona organocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:7496-504. [PMID: 17051626 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the steadily expanding field of organocatalysis, cinchona alkaloids play a prominent role. Until the late 1990s, bifunctional catalysts based on this scaffold relied exclusively on the C9-hydroxy group as the hydrogen-bond donor. Recently, new cinchona catalysts have been developed that feature a phenolic OH group in the C6' position-a structural feature that allows a diverse set of reactions to be catalyzed in a highly stereoselective fashion. This Minireview describes the scope and modes of action of this new class of asymmetric bifunctional organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Marcelli
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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544
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McCooey SH, Connon SJ. Readily Accessible 9-epi-amino Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives Promote Efficient, Highly Enantioselective Additions of Aldehydes and Ketones to Nitroolefins. Org Lett 2007; 9:599-602. [PMID: 17243708 DOI: 10.1021/ol0628006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple cinchona alkaloid derivatives, available via a one-pot procedure from commercially available starting materials, have been shown to promote highly enantio- and diastereoselective Michael-type addition reactions between enolizable carbonyl compounds and nitroalkenes of broad scope. The influence of both the absolute and relative stereochemistry at C-9 on catalyst performance has also been assessed. [reaction: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Séamus H McCooey
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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545
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546
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Gaunt MJ, Johansson CCC, McNally A, Vo NT. Enantioselective organocatalysis. Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:8-27. [PMID: 17198969 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful synthetic paradigm that is complementary to metal-catalysed transformations and has accelerated the development of new methods to make diverse chiral molecules. The operational simplicity, ready availability of catalysts and low toxicity associated with organocatalysis makes it an attractive method to synthesise complex structures. Here, we discuss the impact of enamine, iminium, nucleophilic and Brønsted acid catalysts in organic synthesis, and highlight key strategic methods to assemble useful molecules with high enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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547
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Liu TY, Cui HL, Chai Q, Long J, Li BJ, Wu Y, Ding LS, Chen YC. Organocatalytic asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation/cascade reactions of naphthols and nitroolefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2228-30. [PMID: 17534499 DOI: 10.1039/b704925k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric Michael-type Friedel-Crafts reaction of naphthols and nitroolefins promoted by bifunctional thiourea-tertiary amine organocatalysts (up to 95% ee) was investigated; on simply extending the reaction time further cascade reactions could occur to generate enantiopure dimeric tricyclic 1,2-dihydronaphtho[2,1-b]furanyl-2-hydroxylamine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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548
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Dinér P, Nielsen M, Bertelsen S, Niess B, Jørgensen KA. Enantioselective hydroxylation of nitroalkenes: an organocatalytic approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:3646-8. [PMID: 17728881 DOI: 10.1039/b707844g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An easy hydroxylation of aliphatic nitroalkenes in high yields and enantioselectivities is catalysed by bifunctional thiourea-cinchona alkaloids giving access to optically active nitroalcohols and aminoalcohols as final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dinér
- Danish National Research Foundation: Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
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549
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Bartoli G, Bosco M, Carlone A, Locatelli M, Mazzanti A, Sambri L, Melchiorre P. Organocatalytic asymmetric hydrophosphination of nitroalkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:722-4. [PMID: 17392962 DOI: 10.1039/b613477g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of a bifunctional Cinchona alkaloid catalyst has provided a new organocatalytic strategy for the enantioselective addition of diphenylphosphine to a range of nitroalkenes, affording optically active beta-nitrophosphines (up to 99% ee after crystallization); this organocatalytic approach, providing a direct route to a new class of potentially useful enantiopure P,N-ligands, constitutes a bridge between the two complementary areas of asymmetric catalysis: organo- and metal-catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bartoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica A. Mangini, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, V.le Risorgimento 4 - 40136 Bologna, Italy
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550
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Albertshofer K, Thayumanavan R, Utsumi N, Tanaka F, Barbas CF. Amine-catalyzed Michael reactions of an aminoaldehyde derivative to nitroolefins. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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