551
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Kshattry S, Saha A, Gries P, Tiziani S, Stone E, Georgiou G, DiGiovanni J. Enzyme-mediated depletion of l-cyst(e)ine synergizes with thioredoxin reductase inhibition for suppression of pancreatic tumor growth. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:16. [PMID: 31231686 PMCID: PMC6546752 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbing redox homeostasis potentially constitutes a selective cancer-killing strategy. An engineered human enzyme, cyst(e)inase that degrades extracellular cysteine (l-Cys) and cystine (CSSC) leading to depletion of intracellular l-Cys and glutathione (GSH) was evaluated for its effects on pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cyst(e)inase caused oxidative stress and apoptosis in only Panc1 cells, whereas MIA-PaCa2 and BxPC3 cells demonstrated survival under conditions of cyst(e)inase-mediated l-Cys depletion through maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A correlation was also observed between thioredoxin 1 protein levels and resistance to cyst(e)inase treatment. Notably, cyst(e)inase in combination with auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, caused a synergistic increase in mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis and inhibition of mitophagy in the more resistant cells. In addition, auranofin treatment sensitized the more resistant pancreatic cancer xenografts to cyst(e)inase without systemic toxicity. These data provide strong rationale to further investigate therapeutic strategies that target multiple antioxidant pathways for treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Kshattry
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
| | - Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
| | - Paul Gries
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
| | - Everett Stone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723 USA
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552
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Bernfeld E, Foster DA. Glutamine as an Essential Amino Acid for KRas-Driven Cancer Cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:357-368. [PMID: 31040047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells consume glutamine, a nonessential amino acid (NEAA), at exceedingly high rates to fulfill their energetic and biosynthetic requirements for proliferation. Glutamine plays distinct roles from essential amino acids in cell cycle progression and in the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Furthermore, the need of cancer cells for glutamine can be exploited therapeutically - especially those driven by KRas. In this review we explore several distinct cellular roles for glutamine that contribute to glutamine addiction in KRas-driven cancer cells and discuss opportunities for therapeutic intervention created by glutamine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa Bernfeld
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Biochemistry PhD Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Current address: Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - David A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Biochemistry PhD Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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553
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The Diverse Functions of Non-Essential Amino Acids in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050675. [PMID: 31096630 PMCID: PMC6562791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Far beyond simply being 11 of the 20 amino acids needed for protein synthesis, non-essential amino acids play numerous important roles in tumor metabolism. These diverse functions include providing precursors for the biosynthesis of macromolecules, controlling redox status and antioxidant systems, and serving as substrates for post-translational and epigenetic modifications. This functional diversity has sparked great interest in targeting non-essential amino acid metabolism for cancer therapy and has motivated the development of several therapies that are either already used in the clinic or are currently in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the important roles that each of the 11 non-essential amino acids play in cancer, how their metabolic pathways are linked, and how researchers are working to overcome the unique challenges of targeting non-essential amino acid metabolism for cancer therapy.
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554
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Bertero T, Perk D, Chan SY. The molecular rationale for therapeutic targeting of glutamine metabolism in pulmonary hypertension. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:511-524. [PMID: 31055988 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1615438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a deadly enigmatic disease with increasing prevalence. Cellular pathologic hallmarks of PH are driven at least partly by metabolic rewiring, but details are just emerging. The discovery that vascular matrix stiffening can mechanically activate the glutaminase (GLS) enzyme and serve as a pathogenic mechanism of PH has advanced our understanding of the complex role of glutamine in PH. It has also offered a novel therapeutic target for development as a next-generation drug for this disease. Area covered: This review discusses the cellular contribution of glutamine metabolism to PH together with the possible therapeutic application of pharmacologic GLS inhibitors in this disease. Expert opinion: Despite advances in our understanding of glutamine metabolism in PH, questions remain unanswered regarding the development of therapies targeting glutamine in PH. The comprehensive mechanisms by which glutamine metabolism rewiring influences pulmonary vascular cell behavior to drive PH are incompletely understood. Because glutamine metabolism exhibits a variety of functions in organ repair and homeostasis, a better understanding of the overall risk-benefit ratio of these strategies with long-term follow-up is needed. This knowledge should pave the way for the design of new strategies to prevent and hopefully even regress PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- a Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , Université Côte d'Azur , Valbonne , France
| | - Dror Perk
- b Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- b Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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555
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The Fate of Glutamine in Human Metabolism. The Interplay with Glucose in Proliferating Cells. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9050081. [PMID: 31027329 PMCID: PMC6571637 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-scale models of metabolism (GEM) are used to study how metabolism varies in different physiological conditions. However, the great number of reactions involved in GEM makes it difficult to understand these variations. In order to have a more understandable tool, we developed a reduced metabolic model of central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, C2M2N with 77 reactions, 54 internal metabolites, and 3 compartments, taking into account the actual stoichiometry of the reactions, including the stoichiometric role of the cofactors and the irreversibility of some reactions. In order to model oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) functioning, the proton gradient through the inner mitochondrial membrane is represented by two pseudometabolites DPH (∆pH) and DPSI (∆ψ). To illustrate the interest of such a reduced and quantitative model of metabolism in mammalian cells, we used flux balance analysis (FBA) to study all the possible fates of glutamine in metabolism. Our analysis shows that glutamine can supply carbon sources for cell energy production and can be used as carbon and nitrogen sources to synthesize essential metabolites. Finally, we studied the interplay between glucose and glutamine for the formation of cell biomass according to ammonia microenvironment. We then propose a quantitative analysis of the Warburg effect.
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556
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Mazat JP, Ransac S. The Fate of Glutamine in Human Metabolism. The Interplay with Glucose in Proliferating Cells. Metabolites 2019. [PMID: 31027329 DOI: 10.1101/477224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-scale models of metabolism (GEM) are used to study how metabolism varies in different physiological conditions. However, the great number of reactions involved in GEM makes it difficult to understand these variations. In order to have a more understandable tool, we developed a reduced metabolic model of central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, C2M2N with 77 reactions, 54 internal metabolites, and 3 compartments, taking into account the actual stoichiometry of the reactions, including the stoichiometric role of the cofactors and the irreversibility of some reactions. In order to model oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) functioning, the proton gradient through the inner mitochondrial membrane is represented by two pseudometabolites DPH (∆pH) and DPSI (∆ψ). To illustrate the interest of such a reduced and quantitative model of metabolism in mammalian cells, we used flux balance analysis (FBA) to study all the possible fates of glutamine in metabolism. Our analysis shows that glutamine can supply carbon sources for cell energy production and can be used as carbon and nitrogen sources to synthesize essential metabolites. Finally, we studied the interplay between glucose and glutamine for the formation of cell biomass according to ammonia microenvironment. We then propose a quantitative analysis of the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Mazat
- IBGC CNRS UMR 5095 & Université de Bordeaux, 1, rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux-CEDEX, France.
| | - Stéphane Ransac
- IBGC CNRS UMR 5095 & Université de Bordeaux, 1, rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux-CEDEX, France.
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557
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Abstract
How macrophages convey extracellular signals by bridging metabolism and functions remains unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Sanin et al. (2018) report that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment in interleukin-4-activated macrophages suppresses mitochondrial membrane potential to control voltage-regulated genes involved in proliferation and immune responses.
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558
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Antoniou SX, Gaude E, Ruparel M, van der Schee MP, Janes SM, Rintoul RC. The potential of breath analysis to improve outcome for patients with lung cancer. J Breath Res 2019; 13:034002. [PMID: 30822771 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab0bee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer related death in both the UK and USA. Development of diagnostic approaches that have the ability to detect lung cancer early are a research priority with potential to improve survival. Analysis of exhaled breath metabolites, or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an area of considerable interest as it could fulfil such requirements. Numerous studies have shown that VOC profiles are different in the breath of patients with lung cancer compared to healthy individuals or those with non-malignant lung diseases. This review provides a scientific and clinical assessment of the potential value of a breath test in lung cancer. It discusses the current understanding of metabolic pathways that contribute to exhaled VOC production in lung cancer and reviews the research conducted to date. Finally, we highlight important areas for future research and discuss how a breath test could be incorporated into various clinical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Antoniou
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Equal contribution
| | - E Gaude
- Owlstone Medical, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Equal contribution
| | - M Ruparel
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - S M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R C Rintoul
- Papworth Trials Unit Collaboration, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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559
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The Metabolomic Signature of Opa1 Deficiency in Rat Primary Cortical Neurons Shows Aspartate/Glutamate Depletion and Phospholipids Remodeling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6107. [PMID: 30988455 PMCID: PMC6465244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants of OPA1, which encodes a dynamin GTPase involved in mitochondrial fusion, are responsible for a spectrum of neurological disorders sharing optic nerve atrophy and visual impairment. To gain insight on OPA1 neuronal specificity, we performed targeted metabolomics on rat cortical neurons with OPA1 expression inhibited by RNA interference. Of the 103 metabolites accurately measured, univariate analysis including the Benjamini-Hochberg correction revealed 6 significantly different metabolites in OPA1 down-regulated neurons, with aspartate being the most significant (p < 0.001). Supervised multivariate analysis by OPLS-DA yielded a model with good predictive capability (Q2cum = 0.65) and a low risk of over-fitting (permQ2 = -0.16, CV-ANOVA p-value 0.036). Amongst the 46 metabolites contributing the most to the metabolic signature were aspartate, glutamate and threonine, which all decreased in OPA1 down-regulated neurons, and lysine, 4 sphingomyelins, 4 lysophosphatidylcholines and 32 phosphatidylcholines which were increased. The phospholipid signature may reflect intracellular membrane remodeling due to loss of mitochondrial fusion and/or lipid droplet accumulation. Aspartate and glutamate deficiency, also found in the plasma of OPA1 patients, is likely the consequence of respiratory chain deficiency, whereas the glutamate decrease could contribute to the synaptic dysfunction that we previously identified in this model.
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560
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Kim W, Deik A, Gonzalez C, Gonzalez ME, Fu F, Ferrari M, Churchhouse CL, Florez JC, Jacobs SBR, Clish CB, Rhee EP. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturation Is a Mechanism for Glycolytic NAD + Recycling. Cell Metab 2019; 29:856-870.e7. [PMID: 30686744 PMCID: PMC6447447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The reactions catalyzed by the delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases (D5D/D6D), key enzymes responsible for highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) synthesis, regenerate NAD+ from NADH. Here, we show that D5D/D6D provide a mechanism for glycolytic NAD+ recycling that permits ongoing glycolysis and cell viability when the cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio is reduced, analogous to lactate fermentation. Although lesser in magnitude than lactate production, this desaturase-mediated NAD+ recycling is acutely adaptive when aerobic respiration is impaired in vivo. Notably, inhibition of either HUFA synthesis or lactate fermentation increases the other, underscoring their interdependence. Consistent with this, a type 2 diabetes risk haplotype in SLC16A11 that reduces pyruvate transport (thus limiting lactate production) increases D5D/D6D activity in vitro and in humans, demonstrating a chronic effect of desaturase-mediated NAD+ recycling. These findings highlight key biologic roles for D5D/D6D activity independent of their HUFA end products and expand the current paradigm of glycolytic NAD+ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondong Kim
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Metabolite Profiling, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clicerio Gonzalez
- Unidad de Investigación en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Curenavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Feifei Fu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michele Ferrari
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Claire L Churchhouse
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suzanne B R Jacobs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolite Profiling, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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561
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Yu Y, Newman H, Shen L, Sharma D, Hu G, Mirando AJ, Zhang H, Knudsen E, Zhang GF, Hilton MJ, Karner CM. Glutamine Metabolism Regulates Proliferation and Lineage Allocation in Skeletal Stem Cells. Cell Metab 2019; 29:966-978.e4. [PMID: 30773468 PMCID: PMC7062112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are postulated to provide a continuous supply of osteoblasts throughout life. However, under certain conditions, the SSC population can become incorrectly specified or is not maintained, resulting in reduced osteoblast formation, decreased bone mass, and in severe cases, osteoporosis. Glutamine metabolism has emerged as a critical regulator of many cellular processes in diverse pathologies. The enzyme glutaminase (GLS) deaminates glutamine to form glutamate-the rate-limiting first step in glutamine metabolism. Using genetic and metabolic approaches, we demonstrate GLS and glutamine metabolism are required in SSCs to regulate osteoblast and adipocyte specification and bone formation. Mechanistically, transaminase-dependent α-ketoglutarate production is critical for the proliferation, specification, and differentiation of SSCs. Collectively, these data suggest stimulating GLS activity may provide a therapeutic approach to expand SSCs in aged individuals and enhance osteoblast differentiation and activity to increase bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hunter Newman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Leyao Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guoli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anthony J Mirando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Everett Knudsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Matthew J Hilton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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562
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Rupprecht A, Moldzio R, Mödl B, Pohl EE. Glutamine regulates mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 to promote glutaminolysis in neuroblastoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:391-401. [PMID: 30885735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is highly abundant in rapidly proliferating cells that utilize aerobic glycolysis, such as stem cells, cancer cells, and cells of the immune system. However, the function of UCP2 has been a longstanding conundrum. Considering the strict regulation and unusually short life time of the protein, we propose that UCP2 acts as a "signaling protein" under nutrient shortage in cancer cells. We reveal that glutamine shortage induces the rapid and reversible downregulation of UCP2, decrease of the metabolic activity and proliferation of neuroblastoma cells, that are regulated by glutamine per se but not by glutamine metabolism. Our findings indicate a very rapid (within 1 h) metabolic adaptation that allows the cell to survive by either shifting its metabolism to the use of the alternative fuel glutamine or going into a reversible, more quiescent state. The results imply that UCP2 facilitates glutamine utilization as an energetic fuel source, thereby providing metabolic flexibility during glucose shortage. The targeting UCP2 by drugs to intervene with cancer cell metabolism may represent a new strategy for treatment of cancers resistant to other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rupprecht
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernadette Mödl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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563
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Saheki T, Moriyama M, Kuroda E, Funahashi A, Yasuda I, Setogawa Y, Gao Q, Ushikai M, Furuie S, Yamamura KI, Takano K, Nakamura Y, Eto K, Kadowaki T, Sinasac DS, Furukawa T, Horiuchi M, Tai YH. Pivotal role of inter-organ aspartate metabolism for treatment of mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier 2 (citrin) deficiency, based on the mouse model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4179. [PMID: 30862943 PMCID: PMC6414645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies using citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase (mGPD) double-knockout mice have demonstrated that increased dietary protein reduces the extent of carbohydrate-induced hyperammonemia observed in these mice. This study aimed to further elucidate the mechanisms of this effect. Specific amino acids were initially found to decrease hepatic G3P, or increase aspartate or citrulline levels, in mGPD-knockout mice administered ethanol. Unexpectedly, oral glycine increased ammonia in addition to lowering G3P and increasing citrulline. Subsequently, simultaneous glycine-plus-sucrose (Gly + Suc) administration led to a more severe hyperammonemic state in double-KO mice compared to sucrose alone. Oral arginine, ornithine, aspartate, alanine, glutamate and medium-chain triglycerides all lowered blood ammonia following Gly + Suc administration, with combinations of ornithine-plus-aspartate (Orn + Asp) or ornithine-plus-alanine (Orn + Ala) suppressing levels similar to wild-type. Liver perfusion and portal vein-arterial amino acid differences suggest that oral aspartate, similar to alanine, likely activated ureagenesis from ammonia and lowered the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio through conversion to alanine in the small intestine. In conclusion, Gly + Suc administration induces a more severe hyperammonemic state in double-KO mice that Orn + Asp or Orn + Ala both effectively suppress. Aspartate-to-alanine conversion in the small intestine allows for effective oral administration of either, demonstrating a pivotal role of inter-organ aspartate metabolism for the treatment of citrin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyori Saheki
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan. .,Laboratory for Yamamura Projects, Institute for Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Mitsuaki Moriyama
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology in Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eishi Kuroda
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Aki Funahashi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Izumi Yasuda
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Setogawa
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sumie Furuie
- Laboratory for Yamamura Projects, Institute for Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamura
- Laboratory for Yamamura Projects, Institute for Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Takano
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology in Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology in Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Eto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David S Sinasac
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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564
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Hong R, Zhang W, Xia X, Zhang K, Wang Y, Wu M, Fan J, Li J, Xia W, Xu F, Chen J, Wang S, Zhan Q. Preventing BRCA1/ZBRK1 repressor complex binding to the GOT2 promoter results in accelerated aspartate biosynthesis and promotion of cell proliferation. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:959-977. [PMID: 30714292 PMCID: PMC6441895 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) has been implicated in modulating metabolism via transcriptional regulation. However, direct metabolic targets of BRCA1 and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we identified several metabolic genes, including the gene which encodes glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (GOT2), a key enzyme for aspartate biosynthesis, which are repressed by BRCA1. We report that BRCA1 forms a co‐repressor complex with ZBRK1 that coordinately represses GOT2 expression via a ZBRK1 recognition element in the promoter of GOT2. Impairment of this complex results in upregulation of GOT2, which in turn increases aspartate and alpha ketoglutarate production, leading to rapid cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. Importantly, we found that GOT2 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease‐free survival of patients with breast cancer, especially triple‐negative breast cancer. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that GOT2 overexpression sensitized breast cancer cells to methotrexate, suggesting a promising precision therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment. In summary, our findings reveal that BRCA1 modulates aspartate biosynthesis through transcriptional repression of GOT2, and provides a biological basis for treatment choices in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinting Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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565
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Singh K, Roy M, Prajapati P, Lipatova A, Sripada L, Gohel D, Singh A, Mane M, Godbole MM, Chumakov PM, Singh R. NLRX1 regulates TNF-α-induced mitochondria-lysosomal crosstalk to maintain the invasive and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1460-1476. [PMID: 30802640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increased level of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α in tumor microenvironment regulates the bioenergetic capacity, immune evasion and survival of cancer cells. Emerging evidences suggest that mitochondrial immune signaling proteins modulates mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, in addition to the regulation of innate immune response. The optimal oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) capacity is required for the maintenance of functional lysosomes and autophagy flux. NLRX1, a mitochondrial NOD family receptor protein, regulates mitochondrial function during apoptosis and tissue injury. However, its role in regulation of mitochondrial and lysosomal function to modulate autophagy flux during inflammatory conditions is not understood. In the current study, we investigated the role of NLRX1 in modulating TNF-α induced autophagy flux and mitochondrial turnover and its implication in regulating the invasive and metastatic capability of breast cancer cells. Expression analyses of clinical breast cancer samples and meta-analysis of multiple public databases revealed that NLRX1 expression is significantly increased in basal-like and metastatic breast carcinoma as compared to non-basal-like and primary breast cancer. Depletion of NLRX1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells, altered the organization and activity of OxPhos complexes in presence of TNF-α. NLRX1 depletion further impaired lysosomal function and hence the turnover of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy in presence of TNF-α. Importantly, loss of NLRX1 decreased OxPhos-dependent cell proliferation and migration ability of triple-negative breast cancer cells in presence of TNF-α. These evidences suggest an essential role of NLRX1 in maintaining the crosstalk of mitochondrial metabolism and lysosomal function to regulate invasion and metastasis capability of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritarth Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Milton Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Paresh Prajapati
- SCoBIRC Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741S.Limestone, BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Anastasia Lipatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lakshmi Sripada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhruv Gohel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Aru Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Meenal Mane
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Madan M Godbole
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis, Federal Scientific Center on Research and Development of Immunobiology Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142782 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
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566
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Wang H, Lu J, Kulkarni S, Zhang W, Gorka JE, Mandel JA, Goetzman ES, Prochownik EV. Metabolic and oncogenic adaptations to pyruvate dehydrogenase inactivation in fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5466-5486. [PMID: 30755479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell metabolism consists of processes that generate available energy, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos), and those that consume it, including macromolecular synthesis, the maintenance of ionic gradients, and cellular detoxification. By converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (PDC) links glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Surprisingly, disrupting the connection between glycolysis and the TCA cycle by inactivation of PDC has only minor effects on cell replication. However, the molecular basis for this metabolic re-equilibration is unclear. We report here that CRISPR/Cas9-generated PDH-knockout (PDH-KO) rat fibroblasts reprogrammed their metabolism and their response to short-term c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein overexpression. PDH-KO cells replicated normally but produced surprisingly little lactate. They also exhibited higher rates of glycolysis and Oxphos. In addition, PDH-KO cells showed altered cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pH, redox states, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). Conditionally activated Myc expression affected some of these parameters in a PDH-dependent manner. PDH-KO cells had increased oxygen consumption rates in response to glutamate, but not to malate, and were depleted in all TCA cycle substrates between α-ketoglutarate and malate despite high rates of glutaminolysis, as determined by flux studies with isotopically labeled glutamine. Malate and pyruvate were diverted to produce aspartate, thereby potentially explaining the failure to accumulate lactate. We conclude that PDH-KO cells maintain proliferative capacity by utilizing glutamine to supply high rates of AcCoA-independent flux through the bottom portion of the TCA cycle while accumulating pyruvate and aspartate that rescue their redox defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and
| | - Jie Lu
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric S Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and .,the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and.,the The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
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567
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Bajzikova M, Kovarova J, Coelho AR, Boukalova S, Oh S, Rohlenova K, Svec D, Hubackova S, Endaya B, Judasova K, Bezawork-Geleta A, Kluckova K, Chatre L, Zobalova R, Novakova A, Vanova K, Ezrova Z, Maghzal GJ, Magalhaes Novais S, Olsinova M, Krobova L, An YJ, Davidova E, Nahacka Z, Sobol M, Cunha-Oliveira T, Sandoval-Acuña C, Strnad H, Zhang T, Huynh T, Serafim TL, Hozak P, Sardao VA, Koopman WJH, Ricchetti M, Oliveira PJ, Kolar F, Kubista M, Truksa J, Dvorakova-Hortova K, Pacak K, Gurlich R, Stocker R, Zhou Y, Berridge MV, Park S, Dong L, Rohlena J, Neuzil J. Reactivation of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase-Driven Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Restores Tumor Growth of Respiration-Deficient Cancer Cells. Cell Metab 2019; 29:399-416.e10. [PMID: 30449682 PMCID: PMC7484595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells without mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) do not form tumors unless they reconstitute oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by mitochondria acquired from host stroma. To understand why functional respiration is crucial for tumorigenesis, we used time-resolved analysis of tumor formation by mtDNA-depleted cells and genetic manipulations of OXPHOS. We show that pyrimidine biosynthesis dependent on respiration-linked dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is required to overcome cell-cycle arrest, while mitochondrial ATP generation is dispensable for tumorigenesis. Latent DHODH in mtDNA-deficient cells is fully activated with restoration of complex III/IV activity and coenzyme Q redox-cycling after mitochondrial transfer, or by introduction of an alternative oxidase. Further, deletion of DHODH interferes with tumor formation in cells with fully functional OXPHOS, while disruption of mitochondrial ATP synthase has little effect. Our results show that DHODH-driven pyrimidine biosynthesis is an essential pathway linking respiration to tumorigenesis, pointing to inhibitors of DHODH as potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bajzikova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromira Kovarova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic.
| | - Ana R Coelho
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Stepana Boukalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Sehyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - David Svec
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Hubackova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Berwini Endaya
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Kristyna Judasova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | | | - Katarina Kluckova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Laurent Chatre
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Novakova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Vanova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Ezrova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Silvia Magalhaes Novais
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Olsinova
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Krobova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Yong Jin An
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eliska Davidova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nahacka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Margarita Sobol
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Cristian Sandoval-Acuña
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tongchuan Zhang
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, 4222 QLD, Australia
| | - Thanh Huynh
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Teresa L Serafim
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Pavel Hozak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vilma A Sardao
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikael Kubista
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Dvorakova-Hortova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Gurlich
- Third Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roland Stocker
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yaoqi Zhou
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, 4222 QLD, Australia
| | | | - Sunghyouk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Lanfeng Dong
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic; School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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568
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Discovery and development of small molecule modulators targeting glutamine metabolism. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:215-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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569
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Addie RD, de Jong Y, Alberti G, Kruisselbrink AB, Que I, Baelde H, Bovée JVMG. Exploration of the chondrosarcoma metabolome; the mTOR pathway as an important pro-survival pathway. J Bone Oncol 2019; 15:100222. [PMID: 30766792 PMCID: PMC6360255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage-producing tumors showing mutations and changes in gene expression in metabolism related genes. In this study, we aimed to explore the metabolome and identify targetable metabolic vulnerabilities in chondrosarcoma. Methods A custom-designed metabolic compound screen containing 39 compounds targeting different metabolic pathways was performed in chondrosarcoma cell lines JJ012, SW1353 and CH2879. Based on the anti-proliferative activity, six compounds were selected for validation using real-time metabolic profiling. Two selected compounds (rapamycin and sapanisertib) were further explored for their effect on viability, apoptosis and metabolic dependency, in normoxia and hypoxia. In vivo efficacy of sapanisertib was tested in a chondrosarcoma orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Results Inhibitors of glutamine, glutathione, NAD synthesis and mTOR were effective in chondrosarcoma cells. Of the six compounds that were validated on the metabolic level, mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and sapanisertib showed the most consistent decrease in oxidative and glycolytic parameters. Chondrosarcoma cells were sensitive to mTORC1 inhibition using rapamycin. Inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 using sapanisertib resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in viability in all chondrosarcoma cell lines. In addition, induction of apoptosis was observed in CH2879 after 24 h. Treatment of chondrosarcoma xenografts with sapanisertib slowed down tumor growth compared to control mice. Conclusions mTOR inhibition leads to a reduction of oxidative and glycolytic metabolism and decreased proliferation in chondrosarcoma cell lines. Although further research is needed, these findings suggest that mTOR inhibition might be a potential therapeutic option for patients with chondrosarcoma.
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Key Words
- ACT, Atypical cartilaginous tumor
- BLI, Bioluminescence imaging
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- BSO, Buthionine sulfoximine
- Chondrosarcoma
- D2HG, d-2-Hydroxyglutarate
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECAR, Extracellular acidification rate
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FCCP, Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone
- FLI, Fluorescence imaging
- HIF, Hypoxia-inducible factor
- IDH, Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- Metabolism
- OCR, Oxygen consumption rate
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Rapamycin
- mCT, Micro computed tomography
- mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin
- mTOR, Sapanisertib
- α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben D Addie
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gaia Alberti
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ivo Que
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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570
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Yao CH, Wang R, Wang Y, Kung CP, Weber JD, Patti GJ. Mitochondrial fusion supports increased oxidative phosphorylation during cell proliferation. eLife 2019; 8:e41351. [PMID: 30694178 PMCID: PMC6351101 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cells often have increased glucose consumption and lactate excretion relative to the same cells in the quiescent state, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. Despite an increase in glycolysis, however, here we show that non-transformed mouse fibroblasts also increase oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by nearly two-fold and mitochondrial coupling efficiency by ~30% during proliferation. Both increases are supported by mitochondrial fusion. Impairing mitochondrial fusion by knocking down mitofusion-2 (Mfn2) was sufficient to attenuate proliferation, while overexpressing Mfn2 increased proliferation. Interestingly, impairing mitochondrial fusion decreased OXPHOS but did not deplete ATP levels. Instead, inhibition caused cells to transition from excreting aspartate to consuming it. Transforming fibroblasts with the Ras oncogene induced mitochondrial biogenesis, which further elevated OXPHOS. Notably, transformed fibroblasts continued to have elongated mitochondria and their proliferation remained sensitive to inhibition of Mfn2. Our results suggest that cell proliferation requires increased OXPHOS as supported by mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Hui Yao
- Department of ChemistryWashington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Rencheng Wang
- Department of ChemistryWashington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of ChemistryWashington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Che-Pei Kung
- Division of Molecular OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Jason D Weber
- Division of Molecular OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
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571
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Sreedhar A, Cassell T, Smith P, Lu D, Nam HW, Lane AN, Zhao Y. UCP2 Overexpression Redirects Glucose into Anabolic Metabolic Pathways. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800353. [PMID: 30556651 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is often upregulated in cancer cells. The UCP2 upregulation is positively correlated with enhanced proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metabolic alterations, thus suggesting that UCP2 upregulation can play a key role in sensing metabolic changes to promote tumorigenesis. To determine the global metabolic impact of UCP2 upregulation, 13 C6 glucose as a source molecule is used to "trace" the metabolic fate of carbon atoms derived from glucose. UCP2 overexpression in skin epidermal cells enhances the incorporation of 13 C label to pyruvate, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, nucleotides, and amino acids, suggesting that UCP2 upregulation reprograms cellular metabolism toward macromolecule synthesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to bring to light the overall metabolic differences caused by UCP2 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorna Sreedhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Teresa Cassell
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40509, USA
| | - Parker Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Daiwei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Hyung W Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40509, USA
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
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572
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Coordinative metabolism of glutamine carbon and nitrogen in proliferating cancer cells under hypoxia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:201. [PMID: 30643150 PMCID: PMC6331631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Under hypoxia, most of glucose is converted to secretory lactate, which leads to the overuse of glutamine-carbon. However, under such a condition how glutamine nitrogen is disposed to avoid over-accumulating ammonia remains to be determined. Here we identify a metabolic flux of glutamine to secretory dihydroorotate, which is indispensable to glutamine-carbon metabolism under hypoxia. We found that glutamine nitrogen is necessary to nucleotide biosynthesis, but enriched in dihyroorotate and orotate rather than processing to its downstream uridine monophosphate under hypoxia. Dihyroorotate, not orotate, is then secreted out of cells. Furthermore, we found that the specific metabolic pathway occurs in vivo and is required for tumor growth. The identified metabolic pathway renders glutamine mainly to acetyl coenzyme A for lipogenesis, with the rest carbon and nitrogen being safely removed. Therefore, our results reveal how glutamine carbon and nitrogen are coordinatively metabolized under hypoxia, and provide a comprehensive understanding on glutamine metabolism. Glutamine metabolism is increased in proliferating cells under hypoxia potentially generating exceeding nitrogen. Here the authors show that under hypoxia a specific metabolic pathway is activated to push glutamine carbons and excess nitrogen via the reductive pathway to dihyroorotate which is then secreted by the cells and that such pathway is necessary for tumor growth.
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573
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Baechler SA, Factor VM, Dalla Rosa I, Ravji A, Becker D, Khiati S, Miller Jenkins LM, Lang M, Sourbier C, Michaels SA, Neckers LM, Zhang HL, Spinazzola A, Huang SN, Marquardt JU, Pommier Y. The mitochondrial type IB topoisomerase drives mitochondrial translation and carcinogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30622257 PMCID: PMC6325124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial topoisomerase IB (TOP1MT) is a nuclear-encoded topoisomerase, exclusively localized to mitochondria, which resolves topological stress generated during mtDNA replication and transcription. Here, we report that TOP1MT is overexpressed in cancer tissues and demonstrate that TOP1MT deficiency attenuates tumor growth in human and mouse models of colon and liver cancer. Due to their mitochondrial dysfunction, TOP1MT-KO cells become addicted to glycolysis, which limits synthetic building blocks and energy supply required for the proliferation of cancer cells in a nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, we show that TOP1MT associates with mitoribosomal subunits, ensuring optimal mitochondrial translation and assembly of oxidative phosphorylation complexes that are critical for sustaining tumor growth. The TOP1MT genomic signature profile, based on Top1mt-KO liver cancers, is correlated with enhanced survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Our results highlight the importance of TOP1MT for tumor development, providing a potential rationale to develop TOP1MT-targeted drugs as anticancer therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/isolation & purification
- Datasets as Topic
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblasts
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycolysis
- HCT116 Cells
- Humans
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Prognosis
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Survival Analysis
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Baechler
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - V M Factor
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - I Dalla Rosa
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - A Ravji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - D Becker
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Khiati
- Equipe MitoLab, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Universite d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - L M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, 20892, USA
| | - C Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - S A Michaels
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - L M Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, 20892, USA
| | - H L Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - A Spinazzola
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - S N Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - J U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
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574
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Tumor-Stroma Mechanics Coordinate Amino Acid Availability to Sustain Tumor Growth and Malignancy. Cell Metab 2019; 29:124-140.e10. [PMID: 30293773 PMCID: PMC6432652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and cellular metabolism promotes tumor aggressiveness by sustaining the activity of key growth, invasion, and survival pathways. Yet mechanisms by which biophysical properties of ECM relate to metabolic processes and tumor progression remain undefined. In both cancer cells and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), we found that ECM stiffening mechanoactivates glycolysis and glutamine metabolism and thus coordinates non-essential amino acid flux within the tumor niche. Specifically, we demonstrate a metabolic crosstalk between CAF and cancer cells in which CAF-derived aspartate sustains cancer cell proliferation, while cancer cell-derived glutamate balances the redox state of CAFs to promote ECM remodeling. Collectively, our findings link mechanical stimuli to dysregulated tumor metabolism and thereby highlight a new metabolic network within tumors in which diverse fuel sources are used to promote growth and aggressiveness. Furthermore, this study identifies potential metabolic drug targets for therapeutic development in cancer.
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575
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Serine Catabolism by SHMT2 Is Required for Proper Mitochondrial Translation Initiation and Maintenance of Formylmethionyl-tRNAs. Mol Cell 2019; 69:610-621.e5. [PMID: 29452640 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon glucose restriction, eukaryotic cells upregulate oxidative metabolism to maintain homeostasis. Using genetic screens, we find that the mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2) is required for robust mitochondrial oxygen consumption and low glucose proliferation. SHMT2 catalyzes the first step in mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism, which, particularly in proliferating cells, produces tetrahydrofolate (THF)-conjugated one-carbon units used in cytoplasmic reactions despite the presence of a parallel cytoplasmic pathway. Impairing cytoplasmic one-carbon metabolism or blocking efflux of one-carbon units from mitochondria does not phenocopy SHMT2 loss, indicating that a mitochondrial THF cofactor is responsible for the observed phenotype. The enzyme MTFMT utilizes one such cofactor, 10-formyl THF, producing formylmethionyl-tRNAs, specialized initiator tRNAs necessary for proper translation of mitochondrially encoded proteins. Accordingly, SHMT2 null cells specifically fail to maintain formylmethionyl-tRNA pools and mitochondrially encoded proteins, phenotypes similar to those observed in MTFMT-deficient patients. These findings provide a rationale for maintaining a compartmentalized one-carbon pathway in mitochondria.
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576
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Gaude E, Schmidt C, Gammage PA, Dugourd A, Blacker T, Chew SP, Saez-Rodriguez J, O'Neill JS, Szabadkai G, Minczuk M, Frezza C. NADH Shuttling Couples Cytosolic Reductive Carboxylation of Glutamine with Glycolysis in Cells with Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Mol Cell 2019; 69:581-593.e7. [PMID: 29452638 PMCID: PMC5823973 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The bioenergetics and molecular determinants of the metabolic response to mitochondrial dysfunction are incompletely understood, in part due to a lack of appropriate isogenic cellular models of primary mitochondrial defects. Here, we capitalize on a recently developed cell model with defined levels of m.8993T>G mutation heteroplasmy, mTUNE, to investigate the metabolic underpinnings of mitochondrial dysfunction. We found that impaired utilization of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by the mitochondrial respiratory chain leads to cytosolic reductive carboxylation of glutamine as a new mechanism for cytosol-confined NADH recycling supported by malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1). We also observed that increased glycolysis in cells with mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with increased cell migration in an MDH1-dependent fashion. Our results describe a novel link between glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by reductive carboxylation of glutamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Gaude
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Payam A Gammage
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Blacker
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sew Peak Chew
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - John S O'Neill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padua 35121, Italy; The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
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577
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Lin C, Salzillo TC, Bader DA, Wilkenfeld SR, Awad D, Pulliam TL, Dutta P, Pudakalakatti S, Titus M, McGuire SE, Bhattacharya PK, Frigo DE. Prostate Cancer Energetics and Biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:185-237. [PMID: 31900911 PMCID: PMC8096614 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers must alter their metabolism to satisfy the increased demand for energy and to produce building blocks that are required to create a rapidly growing tumor. Further, for cancer cells to thrive, they must also adapt to an often changing tumor microenvironment, which can present new metabolic challenges (ex. hypoxia) that are unfavorable for most other cells. As such, altered metabolism is now considered an emerging hallmark of cancer. Like many other malignancies, the metabolism of prostate cancer is considerably different compared to matched benign tissue. However, prostate cancers exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics that set them apart from many other tumor types. In this chapter, we will describe the known alterations in prostate cancer metabolism that occur during initial tumorigenesis and throughout disease progression. In addition, we will highlight upstream regulators that control these metabolic changes. Finally, we will discuss how this new knowledge is being leveraged to improve patient care through the development of novel biomarkers and metabolically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandi R Wilkenfeld
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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578
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrade
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany.
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579
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Diebold LP, Gil HJ, Gao P, Martinez CA, Weinberg SE, Chandel NS. Mitochondrial complex III is necessary for endothelial cell proliferation during angiogenesis. Nat Metab 2019; 1:158-171. [PMID: 31106291 PMCID: PMC6521885 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) require glycolysis for proliferation and migration during angiogenesis; however, the necessity for the mitochondrial respiratory chain during angiogenesis is not known. Here we report that inhibition of respiratory chain complex III impairs proliferation, but not migration of ECs in vitro by decreasing the NAD+/NADH ratio. To determine whether mitochondrial respiration is necessary for angiogenesis in vivo, we conditionally ablate a subunit of the respiratory chain complex III (QPC) in ECs. Loss of QPC decreases respiration, resulting in diminished EC proliferation, and impairment in retinal and tumor angiogenesis. Loss of QPC does not decrease genes associated with anabolism or nucleotides levels in ECs, but diminishes amino acid levels. Our findings indicate that mitochondrial respiration is necessary for angiogenesis, and that the primary role of mitochondria in ECs is to serve as biosynthetic organelles for cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P. Diebold
- Departments of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Hyea Jin Gil
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Peng Gao
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Carlos A. Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Samuel E. Weinberg
- Departments of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Departments of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Corresponding author:
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580
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Epigenetic upregulation and functional role of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier isoform 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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581
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Serine synthesis through PHGDH coordinates nucleotide levels by maintaining central carbon metabolism. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5442. [PMID: 30575741 PMCID: PMC6303315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) catalyzes the committed step in de novo serine biosynthesis. Paradoxically, PHGDH and serine synthesis are required in the presence of abundant environmental serine even when serine uptake exceeds the requirements for nucleotide synthesis. Here, we establish a mechanism for how PHGDH maintains nucleotide metabolism. We show that inhibition of PHGDH induces alterations in nucleotide metabolism independent of serine utilization. These changes are not attributable to defects in serine-derived nucleotide synthesis and redox maintenance, another key aspect of serine metabolism, but result from disruption of mass balance within central carbon metabolism. Mechanistically, this leads to simultaneous alterations in both the pentose phosphate pathway and the tri-carboxylic acid cycle, as we demonstrate based on a quantitative model. These findings define a mechanism whereby disruption of one metabolic pathway induces toxicity by simultaneously affecting the activity of multiple related pathways. Serine synthesis from glucose is required even when serine is available from the environment. Here, the authors explain this paradox by showing that the enzyme PHGDH enables nucleotide synthesis by coordinating anabolic fluxes related to central carbon metabolism, independent of its role in serine production.
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582
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Sanin DE, Matsushita M, Klein Geltink RI, Grzes KM, van Teijlingen Bakker N, Corrado M, Kabat AM, Buck MD, Qiu J, Lawless SJ, Cameron AM, Villa M, Baixauli F, Patterson AE, Hässler F, Curtis JD, O'Neill CM, O'Sullivan D, Wu D, Mittler G, Huang SCC, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Regulates Nuclear Gene Expression in Macrophages Exposed to Prostaglandin E2. Immunity 2018; 49:1021-1033.e6. [PMID: 30566880 PMCID: PMC7271981 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engagement is intrinsic to immune cell function. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to modulate macrophage activation, yet how PGE2 might affect metabolism is unclear. Here, we show that PGE2 caused mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) to dissipate in interleukin-4-activated (M(IL-4)) macrophages. Effects on Δψm were a consequence of PGE2-initiated transcriptional regulation of genes, particularly Got1, in the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS). Reduced Δψm caused alterations in the expression of 126 voltage-regulated genes (VRGs), including those encoding resistin-like molecule α (RELMα), a key marker of M(IL-4) cells, and genes that regulate the cell cycle. The transcription factor ETS variant 1 (ETV1) played a role in the regulation of 38% of the VRGs. These results reveal ETV1 as a Δψm-sensitive transcription factor and Δψm as a mediator of mitochondrial-directed nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sanin
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mai Matsushita
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ramon I Klein Geltink
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nikki van Teijlingen Bakker
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Michael D Buck
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Simon J Lawless
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Alanna M Cameron
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Annette E Patterson
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fabian Hässler
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Christina M O'Neill
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David O'Sullivan
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gerhard Mittler
- Proteomics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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583
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Papa S, Choy PM, Bubici C. The ERK and JNK pathways in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming. Oncogene 2018; 38:2223-2240. [PMID: 30487597 PMCID: PMC6398583 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most tumor cells reprogram their glucose metabolism as a result of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors, leading to the constitutive activation of signaling pathways involved in cell growth. This metabolic reprogramming, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect, allows tumor cells to sustain their fast proliferation and evade apoptosis. Interfering with oncogenic signaling pathways that regulate the Warburg effect in cancer cells has therefore become an attractive anticancer strategy. However, evidence for the occurrence of the Warburg effect in physiological processes has also been documented. As such, close consideration of which signaling pathways are beneficial targets and the effect of their inhibition on physiological processes are essential. The MAPK/ERK and MAPK/JNK pathways, crucial for normal cellular responses to extracellular stimuli, have recently emerged as key regulators of the Warburg effect during tumorigenesis and normal cellular functions. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the roles of the ERK and JNK pathways in controlling the Warburg effect in cancer and discuss their implication in controlling this metabolic reprogramming in physiological processes and opportunities for targeting their downstream effectors for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Papa
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Laboratory, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK.
| | - Pui Man Choy
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Laboratory, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK.,Department of Research & Development, hVIVO PLC, Biopark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Concetta Bubici
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Division of Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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584
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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. NMR and MS-based Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics and Applications in Cancer Metabolism. Trends Analyt Chem 2018; 120. [PMID: 32523238 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in defining metabolic reprogramming in human diseases, which is recognized as a hallmark of human cancer. Although radiotracers have a long history in specific metabolic studies, stable isotope-enriched precursors coupled with modern high resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy have enabled systematic mapping of metabolic networks and fluxes in cells, tissues and living organisms including humans. These analytical platforms are high in information content, are complementary and cross-validating in terms of compound identification, quantification, and isotope labeling pattern analysis of a large number of metabolites simultaneously. Furthermore, new developments in chemoselective derivatization and in vivo spectroscopy enable tracking of labile/low abundance metabolites and metabolic kinetics in real-time. Here we review developments in Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) and recent applications in cancer metabolism using a wide variety of stable isotope tracers that probe both broad and specific aspects of cancer metabolism required for proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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585
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Vogel A, Upadhya R, Shetty AK. Neural stem cell derived extracellular vesicles: Attributes and prospects for treating neurodegenerative disorders. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:273-282. [PMID: 30472088 PMCID: PMC6306394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) grafting in conditions such as aging, brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases promotes regeneration, plasticity and functional recovery. Recent studies have revealed that administration of NSC-derived extracellular vesicles (NSC-EVs) via non-invasive approaches can also afford therapeutic benefits. This review confers the properties and therapeutic promise of EVs secreted by NSCs. NSC-EVs enriched with specific miRNAs mediate multiple functions in physiological and pathological conditions, which include modulation of the proximate microenvironment, facilitating the entry of viruses into cells, functioning as independent metabolic units, operating as a microglial morphogen and influencing the diverse aspects of brain function in adulthood including the process of aging. Due to their anti-inflammatory, neurogenic and neurotrophic effects, NSC-EVs are also useful for treating multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Although only a few studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NSC-EVs to treat brain impairments, the promise is enormous. Moving forward, the use of well-characterized NSC-EVs generated in specific culture conditions and NSC-EVs that are engineered to carry the desired miRNAs, mRNAs and proteins have great promise for treating brain injury and neurogenerative diseases. Notably, the possibility of targeting NSC-EVs to specific neuronal types or brain regions would enable managing of diverse neurodegenerative conditions with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Vogel
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, Texas, United States; Olin E. Teague Veterans' Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, Texas, United States; Olin E. Teague Veterans' Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States.
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586
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Lu M, Sanderson SM, Zessin A, Ashcraft KA, Jones LW, Dewhirst MW, Locasale JW, Hsu DS. Exercise inhibits tumor growth and central carbon metabolism in patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal cancer. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:14. [PMID: 30473788 PMCID: PMC6237036 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While self-reported exercise is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence in colorectal cancer, the molecular mechanisms underpinning this relationship are unknown. Furthermore, the effect of exercise on intratumoral metabolic processes has not been investigated in detail in human cancers. In our current study, we generated six colorectal patient patient-derived xenografts (CRC PDXs) models and treated each PDX to voluntary wheel running (exercise) for 6–8 weeks or no exposure to the wheel (control). A comprehensive metabolomics analysis was then performed on the PDXs to identify exercise induced changes in the tumor that were associated with slower growth. Results Tumor growth inhibition was observed in the voluntary wheel running group compared to the control group in three of the six models. A metabolomics analysis first revealed that central carbon metabolism was affected in each model irrespective of treatment. Interestingly, comparison of responsive and resistant models showed that levels of metabolites in nucleotide metabolism, known to be coupled to mitochondrial metabolism, were predictive of response. Furthermore, phosphocreatine levels which are linked to mitochondrial energy demands were associated with inhibition of tumor growth. Conclusion Altogether, this study provides evidence that changes to tumor cell mitochondrial metabolism may underlie in part the benefits of exercise. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40170-018-0190-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, 3008 Snyderman Building, 905 S. LaSalle St, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,3Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Sydney M Sanderson
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Amelia Zessin
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, 3008 Snyderman Building, 905 S. LaSalle St, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,2Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Kathleen A Ashcraft
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Lee W Jones
- 5Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA.,6Weiil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA.,Levine Science Research Center, Room C270, 308 Research Dr, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA.,Levine Science Research Center, Room C270, 308 Research Dr, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - David S Hsu
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, 3008 Snyderman Building, 905 S. LaSalle St, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,3Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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587
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Cross-talk between signal transduction and metabolism in B cells. Immunol Lett 2018; 201:1-13. [PMID: 30439477 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrates that specific metabolic adaptations are needed to support B cell development and differentiation and to enable B cells to thrive in different environments. Mitogen induced activation of intracellular signaling pathways triggers nutrient uptake and metabolic remodeling to meet the cells' current needs. Reciprocally, changes in the metabolic composition of the environment, or in intracellular metabolite levels, can modulate signal transduction and thus shape cell fate and function. In summary, signal transduction and metabolic pathways operate within an integrated network to cooperatively define cellular outcomes.
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588
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Mungo E, Bergandi L, Salaroglio IC, Doublier S. Pyruvate Treatment Restores the Effectiveness of Chemotherapeutic Agents in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma and Pleural Mesothelioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113550. [PMID: 30423827 PMCID: PMC6274794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the idea that a dysfunction in cell metabolism could sustain a resistant phenotype in cancer cells. As the success of chemotherapeutic agents is often questioned by the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR), a multiple cross-resistance towards different anti-cancer drugs represent a major obstacle to cancer treatment. The present study has clarified the involvement of the carbon metabolites in a more aggressive tumor colon adenocarcinoma phenotype and in a chemoresistant mesothelioma, and the role of pyruvate treatment in the reversion of the potentially related resistance. For the first time, we have shown that human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT29) and its chemoresistant counterpart (HT29-dx) displayed different carbon metabolism: HT29-dx cells had a higher glucose consumption compared to HT29 cells, whereas human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) cells showed a lower glucose consumption compared to HT29 cells, accompanied by a lower pyruvate production and, consequently, a higher production of lactate. When treated with pyruvate, both HT29-dx and HMM cells exhibited a re-established accumulation of doxorubicin and a lower survival ability, a decreased activity of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and a restored mitochondrial respiratory chain function, improving the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic agents in these resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Mungo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Loredana Bergandi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Sophie Doublier
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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589
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Alkan HF, Walter KE, Luengo A, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Stryeck S, Lau AN, Al-Zoughbi W, Lewis CA, Thomas CJ, Hoefler G, Graier WF, Madl T, Vander Heiden MG, Bogner-Strauss JG. Cytosolic Aspartate Availability Determines Cell Survival When Glutamine Is Limiting. Cell Metab 2018; 28:706-720.e6. [PMID: 30122555 PMCID: PMC6390946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is important for aspartate biosynthesis in proliferating cells. Here, we show that mitochondrial aspartate export via the aspartate-glutamate carrier 1 (AGC1) supports cell proliferation and cellular redox homeostasis. Insufficient cytosolic aspartate delivery leads to cell death when TCA cycle carbon is reduced following glutamine withdrawal and/or glutaminase inhibition. Moreover, loss of AGC1 reduces allograft tumor growth that is further compromised by treatment with the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839. Together, these findings argue that mitochondrial aspartate export sustains cell survival in low-glutamine environments and AGC1 inhibition can synergize with glutaminase inhibition to limit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Furkan Alkan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria; The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katharina E Walter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alba Luengo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Stryeck
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Allison N Lau
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wael Al-Zoughbi
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Juliane G Bogner-Strauss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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590
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Tajan M, Hock AK, Blagih J, Robertson NA, Labuschagne CF, Kruiswijk F, Humpton TJ, Adams PD, Vousden KH. A Role for p53 in the Adaptation to Glutamine Starvation through the Expression of SLC1A3. Cell Metab 2018; 28:721-736.e6. [PMID: 30122553 PMCID: PMC6224545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mechanisms to support cells under conditions of transient nutrient starvation have been described. Several functions of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 can contribute to the adaptation of cells to metabolic stress and help cancer cell survival under nutrient-limiting conditions. We show here that p53 promotes the expression of SLC1A3, an aspartate/glutamate transporter that allows the utilization of aspartate to support cells in the absence of extracellular glutamine. Under glutamine deprivation, SLC1A3 expression maintains electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, promoting de novo glutamate, glutamine, and nucleotide synthesis to rescue cell viability. Tumor cells with high levels of SLC1A3 expression are resistant to glutamine starvation, and SLC1A3 depletion retards the growth of these cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a therapeutic potential for SLC1A3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Tajan
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andreas K Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Julianna Blagih
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Neil A Robertson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Flore Kruiswijk
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Timothy J Humpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Peter D Adams
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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591
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Lord SR, Cheng WC, Liu D, Gaude E, Haider S, Metcalf T, Patel N, Teoh EJ, Gleeson F, Bradley K, Wigfield S, Zois C, McGowan DR, Ah-See ML, Thompson AM, Sharma A, Bidaut L, Pollak M, Roy PG, Karpe F, James T, English R, Adams RF, Campo L, Ayers L, Snell C, Roxanis I, Frezza C, Fenwick JD, Buffa FM, Harris AL. Integrated Pharmacodynamic Analysis Identifies Two Metabolic Adaption Pathways to Metformin in Breast Cancer. Cell Metab 2018; 28:679-688.e4. [PMID: 30244975 PMCID: PMC6224605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Late-phase clinical trials investigating metformin as a cancer therapy are underway. However, there remains controversy as to the mode of action of metformin in tumors at clinical doses. We conducted a clinical study integrating measurement of markers of systemic metabolism, dynamic FDG-PET-CT, transcriptomics, and metabolomics at paired time points to profile the bioactivity of metformin in primary breast cancer. We show metformin reduces the levels of mitochondrial metabolites, activates multiple mitochondrial metabolic pathways, and increases 18-FDG flux in tumors. Two tumor groups are identified with distinct metabolic responses, an OXPHOS transcriptional response (OTR) group for which there is an increase in OXPHOS gene transcription and an FDG response group with increased 18-FDG uptake. Increase in proliferation, as measured by a validated proliferation signature, suggested that patients in the OTR group were resistant to metformin treatment. We conclude that mitochondrial response to metformin in primary breast cancer may define anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Wei-Chen Cheng
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Syed Haider
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Tom Metcalf
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Neel Patel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Eugene J Teoh
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Fergus Gleeson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Kevin Bradley
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Simon Wigfield
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christos Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Daniel R McGowan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mei-Lin Ah-See
- Department of Oncology, Luton and Dunstable Hospital, Luton, UK
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anand Sharma
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Luc Bidaut
- College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; Clinical Research Imaging Facility, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD2 1SY, UK
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Pankaj G Roy
- Breast Surgery Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Tim James
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ruth English
- Oxford Breast Imaging Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Rosie F Adams
- Oxford Breast Imaging Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Leticia Campo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Lisa Ayers
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Cameron Snell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Research Institute, Brisbane 4101, Australia
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - John D Fenwick
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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592
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Zhong H, Wang P, Song Y, Zhang X, Che L, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Li J, Wu D, Wu Q, Fang Z. Mammary cell proliferation and catabolism of adipose tissues in nutrition-restricted lactating sows were associated with extracellular high glutamate levels. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:78. [PMID: 30410753 PMCID: PMC6217789 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistent lactation, as the result of mammary cellular anabolism and secreting function, is dependent on substantial mobilization or catabolism of body reserves under nutritional deficiency. However, little is known about the biochemical mechanisms for nutrition-restricted lactating animals to simultaneously maintain the anabolism of mammary cells while catabolism of body reserves. In present study, lactating sows with restricted feed allowance (RFA) (n = 6), 24% feed restriction compared with the control (CON) group (n = 6), were used as the nutrition-restricted model. Microdialysis and mammary venous cannulas methods were used to monitor postprandial dynamic changes of metabolites in adipose and mammary tissues. Results At lactation d 28, the RFA group showed higher (P < 0.05) loss of body weight and backfat than the CON group. Compared with the CON group, the adipose tissue of the RFA group had higher (P < 0.05) extracellular glutamate and insulin levels, increased (P < 0.05) lipolysis related genes (HSL and ATGL) expression, and decreased (P < 0.05) glucose transport and metabolism related genes (VAMP8, PKLR and LDHB) expression. These results indicated that under nutritional restriction, reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism and increased lipolysis in adipose tissues was related to extracellular high glutamate concentration. As for mammary glands, compared with the CON group, the RFA group had up-regulated (P < 0.05) expression of Notch signaling ligand (DLL3) and receptors (NOTCH2 and NOTCH4), higher (P < 0.05) extracellular glutamate concentration, while expression of cell proliferation related genes and concentrations of most metabolites in mammary veins were not different (P > 0.05) between groups. Accordingly, piglet performance and milk yield did not differ (P > 0.05) between groups. It would appear that activation of Notch signaling and adequate supply of glutamate might assist mammogenesis. Conclusions Mammary cell proliferation and catabolism of adipose tissues in nutrition-restricted lactating sows were associated with extracellular high glutamate levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-018-0293-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heju Zhong
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Peng Wang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yumo Song
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Bin Feng
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yan Lin
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Jian Li
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - De Wu
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- 2Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- 1Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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593
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Zaal EA, Berkers CR. The Influence of Metabolism on Drug Response in Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:500. [PMID: 30456204 PMCID: PMC6230982 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic agents, either intrinsic or acquired, is currently a major problem in the treatment of cancers and occurs in virtually every type of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding how resistance can be prevented, targeted and predicted becomes increasingly important to improve cancer therapy. In the last decade, it has become apparent that alterations in cellular metabolism are a hallmark of cancer cells and that a rewired metabolism is essential for rapid tumor growth and proliferation. Recently, metabolic alterations have been shown to play a role in the sensitivity of cancer cells to widely-used first-line chemotherapeutics. This suggests that metabolic pathways are important mediators of resistance toward anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the metabolic alterations associated with resistance toward different anticancer agents and discuss how metabolism may be exploited to overcome drug resistance to classical chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A. Zaal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Celia R. Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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594
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Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Sha W. Identification of a select metabolite panel for measuring metabolic perturbation in response to heavy exertion. Metabolomics 2018; 14:147. [PMID: 30830401 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Databases from three global metabolomics-based studies (N = 59) (PMID: 25409020, 26561314, 29566095) were evaluated for metabolite shifts following heavy exertion (75-km cycling) to generate a representative, select panel of metabolites identified by variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. METHODS AND RESULTS OPLS-DA was used to separate samples at pre- and post-exercise during the water-only trial in one of the studies (PMID: 26561314), and of 590 metabolites, 26 (all but one from the lipid pathway) had a VIP > 2 and were selected for the panel. A second OPLS-DA based on the 26 metabolites was performed to separate pre- and post-exercise samples, and this model performed as well as the one with 590 metabolites (Q2Y = 0.923, 0.925 respectively); this model also showed a complete separation using OPLS-DA plots between pre- and post-exercise samples for the other two studies. A latent variable t1 (a linear combination of the 26 metabolites), was generated and the metabolite data at each time point were projected to t1 with the relative distance on t1 and area under the curve (AUC) determined from the three databases. Acute carbohydrate compared to water-only ingestion was linked to a 28-47% reduction in AUCs following exercise depending on the carbohydrate source and recovery time period. CONCLUSIONS These data support that a panel of 26 metabolites can be used to represent global metabolite increases induced by prolonged, intensive exercise. This select panel includes metabolites primarily from the lipid super pathway, and exercise-induced increases are sensitive to the moderating effect of acute carbohydrate ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Gillitt
- Dole Nutrition Research Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
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595
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Cheng CT, Qi Y, Wang YC, Chi KK, Chung Y, Ouyang C, Chen YR, Oh ME, Sheng X, Tang Y, Liu YR, Lin HH, Kuo CY, Schones D, Vidal CM, Chu JCY, Wang HJ, Chen YH, Miller KM, Chu P, Yen Y, Jiang L, Kung HJ, Ann DK. Arginine starvation kills tumor cells through aspartate exhaustion and mitochondrial dysfunction. Commun Biol 2018; 1:178. [PMID: 30393775 PMCID: PMC6203837 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective arginine synthesis, due to the silencing of argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), is a common metabolic vulnerability in cancer, known as arginine auxotrophy. Understanding how arginine depletion kills arginine-auxotrophic cancer cells will facilitate the development of anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Here we show that depletion of extracellular arginine in arginine-auxotrophic cancer cells causes mitochondrial distress and transcriptional reprogramming. Mechanistically, arginine starvation induces asparagine synthetase (ASNS), depleting these cancer cells of aspartate, and disrupting their malate-aspartate shuttle. Supplementation of aspartate, depletion of mitochondria, and knockdown of ASNS all protect the arginine-starved cells, establishing the causal effects of aspartate depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction on the arginine starvation-induced cell death. Furthermore, dietary arginine restriction reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model of ASS1-deficient breast cancer. Our data challenge the view that ASNS promotes homeostasis, arguing instead that ASNS-induced aspartate depletion promotes cytotoxicity, which can be exploited for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Cheng
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yi-Chang Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kevin K Chi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yiyin Chung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ching Ouyang
- Department of Information Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Myung Eun Oh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Sheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yulong Tang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Office of Human Research, Center for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - H Helen Lin
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Dustin Schones
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Christina M Vidal
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jenny C-Y Chu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kyle M Miller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Peiguo Chu
- Shared Pathology Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Office of Human Research, Center for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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596
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Vandekeere S, Dubois C, Kalucka J, Sullivan MR, García-Caballero M, Goveia J, Chen R, Diehl FF, Bar-Lev L, Souffreau J, Pircher A, Kumar S, Vinckier S, Hirabayashi Y, Furuya S, Schoonjans L, Eelen G, Ghesquière B, Keshet E, Li X, Vander Heiden MG, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P. Serine Synthesis via PHGDH Is Essential for Heme Production in Endothelial Cells. Cell Metab 2018; 28:573-587.e13. [PMID: 30017355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), a key enzyme of the serine synthesis pathway (SSP), in endothelial cells (ECs) remains poorly characterized. We report that mouse neonates with EC-specific PHGDH deficiency suffer lethal vascular defects within days of gene inactivation, due to reduced EC proliferation and survival. In addition to nucleotide synthesis impairment, PHGDH knockdown (PHGDHKD) caused oxidative stress, due not only to decreased glutathione and NADPH synthesis but also to mitochondrial dysfunction. Electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme activities were compromised upon PHGDHKD because of insufficient heme production due to cellular serine depletion, not observed in other cell types. As a result of heme depletion, elevated reactive oxygen species levels caused EC demise. Supplementation of hemin in PHGDHKD ECs restored ETC function and rescued the apoptosis and angiogenesis defects. These data argue that ECs die upon PHGDH inhibition, even without external serine deprivation, illustrating an unusual importance of serine synthesis for ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Vandekeere
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Dubois
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mark R Sullivan
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Frances F Diehl
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Libat Bar-Lev
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Joris Souffreau
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Saran Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako City, Saimata 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Eli Keshet
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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597
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Abstract
Cancer cells reprogramme metabolism to maximize the use of nitrogen and carbon for the anabolic synthesis of macromolecules that are required during tumour proliferation and growth. To achieve this aim, one strategy is to reduce catabolism and nitrogen disposal. The urea cycle (UC) in the liver is the main metabolic pathway to convert excess nitrogen into disposable urea. Outside the liver, UC enzymes are differentially expressed, enabling the use of nitrogen for the synthesis of UC intermediates that are required to accommodate cellular needs. Interestingly, the expression of UC enzymes is altered in cancer, revealing a revolutionary mechanism to maximize nitrogen incorporation into biomass. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic benefits underlying UC deregulation in cancer and the relevance of these alterations for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rom Keshet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Szlosarek
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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598
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Kimoloi S. Modulation of the de novo purine nucleotide pathway as a therapeutic strategy in mitochondrial myopathy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 138:37-42. [PMID: 30267763 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial myopathy (MM) is characterised by muscle weakness, exercise intolerance and various histopathological changes. Recently, a subset of MM has also been associated with aberrant activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in skeletal muscle. This aberrant mTORC1 activation promotes increased de novo nucleotide synthesis, which contributes to abnormal expansion and imbalance of skeletal muscle deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTP) pools. However, the exact mechanism via which mTORC1-stimulated de novo nucleotide biosynthesis ultimately disturbs muscle dNTP pools remains unclear. In this article, it is proposed that mTORC1-stimulated de novo nucleotide synthesis in skeletal muscle cells with respiratory chain dysfunction promotes an asymmetric increase of purine nucleotides, probably due to NAD+ deficiency. This in turn could disrupt purine nucleotide-dependent allosteric feedback regulatory mechanisms, ultimately leading to dNTP pools aberration. Pharmacological down-modulation of aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (ATIC) activity is also proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy in MM exhibiting mTORC1-driven abnormal metabolic reprogramming, including aberrant dNTPs pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Kimoloi
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Street 39, Cologne, Germany; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya.
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599
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Kasai S, Yamazaki H, Tanji K, Engler MJ, Matsumiya T, Itoh K. Role of the ISR-ATF4 pathway and its cross talk with Nrf2 in mitochondrial quality control. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:1-12. [PMID: 30705506 PMCID: PMC6348405 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations have clarified the importance of mitochondria in various age-related degenerative diseases, including late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Although mitochondrial disturbances can be involved in every step of disease progression, several observations have demonstrated that a subtle mitochondrial functional disturbance is observed preceding the actual appearance of pathophysiological alterations and can be the target of early therapeutic intervention. The signals from damaged mitochondria are transferred to the nucleus, leading to the altered expression of nuclear-encoded genes, which includes mitochondrial proteins (i.e., mitochondrial retrograde signaling). Mitochondrial retrograde signaling improves mitochondrial perturbation (i.e., mitohormesis) and is considered a homeostatic stress response against intrinsic (ex. aging or pathological mutations) and extrinsic (ex. chemicals and pathogens) stimuli. There are several branches of the mitochondrial retrograde signaling, including mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT), but recent observations increasingly show the importance of the ISR-ATF4 pathway in mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Furthermore, Nrf2, a master regulator of the oxidative stress response, interacts with ATF4 and cooperatively upregulates a battery of antioxidant and antiapoptotic genes while repressing the ATF4-mediated proapoptotic gene, CHOP. In this review article, we summarized the upstream and downstream mechanisms of ATF4 activation during mitochondrial stresses and disturbances and discuss therapeutic intervention against degenerative diseases by using Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kasai
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamazaki
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Máté János Engler
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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600
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Pathria G, Scott DA, Feng Y, Sang Lee J, Fujita Y, Zhang G, Sahu AD, Ruppin E, Herlyn M, Osterman AL, Ronai ZA. Targeting the Warburg effect via LDHA inhibition engages ATF4 signaling for cancer cell survival. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899735. [PMID: 30209241 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient restriction reprograms cellular signaling and metabolic network to shape cancer phenotype. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) has a key role in aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) through regeneration of the electron acceptor NAD+ and is widely regarded as a desirable target for cancer therapeutics. However, the mechanisms of cellular response and adaptation to LDHA inhibition remain largely unknown. Here, we show that LDHA activity supports serine and aspartate biosynthesis. Surprisingly, however, LDHA inhibition fails to impact human melanoma cell proliferation, survival, or tumor growth. Reduced intracellular serine and aspartate following LDHA inhibition engage GCN2-ATF4 signaling to initiate an expansive pro-survival response. This includes the upregulation of glutamine transporter SLC1A5 and glutamine uptake, with concomitant build-up of essential amino acids, and mTORC1 activation, to ameliorate the effects of LDHA inhibition. Tumors with low LDHA expression and melanoma patients acquiring resistance to MAPK signaling inhibitors, which target the Warburg effect, exhibit altered metabolic gene expression reminiscent of the ATF4-mediated survival signaling. ATF4-controlled survival mechanisms conferring synthetic vulnerability to the approaches targeting the Warburg effect offer efficacious therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Pathria
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yongmei Feng
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joo Sang Lee
- Cancer Data Science Lab (CDSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Fujita
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gao Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avinash D Sahu
- Harvard School of Public Health & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab (CDSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA .,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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