551
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Tu C, Osborne EA, Louie AY. Activatable T₁ and T₂ magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:1335-48. [PMID: 21331662 PMCID: PMC3069332 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the most important diagnosis tools available in medicine. Typically MRI is not capable of sensing biochemical activities. However, recently emerged activatable MRI contrast agents (CAs), whose relaxivity is variable in response to a specific parameter change in the surrounding physiological microenvironment, potentially allow for MRI to indicate biological processes. Among the various factors influencing the relaxivity of a CA, the number of inner-sphere water molecules (q) directly coordinated to the metal center, the residence time of the coordinated water molecule (τ (m)), and the rotational correlation time representing the molecular tumbling time of a complex (τ (R)) contribute strongly to the relaxivity of an activatable CA. Tuning the ligand structure and properties has been the subject of intensive research for activatable MR CA designs. This review summarizes a variety of activatable MRI CAs sensitive to common variables in microenvironment in vivo, i.e., pH, luminescence, metal ions, redox, and enzymes, etc., with emphasis on the influence of ligand design on parameters q, τ (m), and τ (R).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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552
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Ornelas C, Lodescar R, Durandin A, Canary JW, Pennell R, Liebes LF, Weck M. Combining Aminocyanine Dyes with Polyamide Dendrons: A Promising Strategy for Imaging in the Near‐Infrared Region. Chemistry 2011; 17:3619-29. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ornelas
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003‐6688 (USA), Fax: (+1) 2129954895
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York NY, 10003‐6688 (USA)
| | - Rachelle Lodescar
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003‐6688 (USA), Fax: (+1) 2129954895
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York NY, 10003‐6688 (USA)
| | - Alexander Durandin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York NY, 10003‐6688 (USA)
| | - James W. Canary
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York NY, 10003‐6688 (USA)
| | - Ryan Pennell
- Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
| | - Leonard F. Liebes
- Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 (USA)
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003‐6688 (USA), Fax: (+1) 2129954895
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York NY, 10003‐6688 (USA)
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553
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Zhang Z, Kolodziej AF, Greenfield MT, Caravan P. Heteroditopic binding of magnetic resonance contrast agents for increased relaxivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2621-4. [PMID: 21370351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoda Zhang
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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554
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Zhang Z, Kolodziej AF, Greenfield MT, Caravan P. Heteroditopic Binding of Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents for Increased Relaxivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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555
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Zhou J, Yu M, Sun Y, Zhang X, Zhu X, Wu Z, Wu D, Li F. Fluorine-18-labeled Gd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped NaYF4 nanophosphors for multimodality PET/MR/UCL imaging. Biomaterials 2011; 32:1148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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556
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Dastrù W, Longo D, Aime S. Contrast agents and mechanisms. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2011; 8:e109-e115. [PMID: 24990259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MRI contrast agents are routinely used in clinical settings. Important advances in their design have been attained in the past few years to overcome sensitivity issues and to make possible molecular imaging applications by means of this modality. Besides the sensitivity enhancement of paramagnetic relaxation probes, outstanding results have been obtained in the development of novel classes of frequency-encoding agents such as chemical exchange saturation transfer and hyperpolarized (13)C-enriched molecules.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Dastrù
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Fisica e dei Materiali, Centro di Imaging Molecolare, via Nizza, 52-10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Longo
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Fisica e dei Materiali, Centro di Imaging Molecolare, via Nizza, 52-10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Fisica e dei Materiali, Centro di Imaging Molecolare, via Nizza, 52-10126 Torino, Italy.
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557
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Drahoš B, Kubíček V, Bonnet CS, Hermann P, Lukeš I, Tóth É. Dissociation kinetics of Mn2+ complexes of NOTA and DOTA. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:1945-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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558
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559
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Gros CP, Eggenspiller A, Nonat A, Barbe JM, Denat F. New potential bimodal imaging contrast agents based on DOTA-like and porphyrin macrocycles. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00205d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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560
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Ha TL, Kim HJ, Shin J, Im GH, Lee JW, Heo H, Yang J, Kang CM, Choe YS, Lee JH, Lee IS. Development of target-specific multimodality imaging agent by using hollow manganese oxide nanoparticles as a platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9176-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12961a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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561
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Wu SH, Hung Y, Mou CY. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as nanocarriers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9972-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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562
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Razgulin A, Ma N, Rao J. Strategies for in vivo imaging of enzyme activity: an overview and recent advances. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4186-216. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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563
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Mamedov I, Logothetis NK, Angelovski G. Structure-related variable responses of calcium sensitive MRI probes. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5816-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05463e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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564
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Abstract
Chemical biology is now able to discover molecules that manipulate virtually any biological target or process. It remains a grand challenge to leverage these molecules into useful probes that can be used to address unsolved problems in biology.
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565
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Mazzucchelli S, Colombo M, De Palma C, Salvadè A, Verderio P, Coghi MD, Clementi E, Tortora P, Corsi F, Prosperi D. Single-domain protein A-engineered magnetic nanoparticles: toward a universal strategy to site-specific labeling of antibodies for targeted detection of tumor cells. ACS NANO 2010; 4:5693-5702. [PMID: 20825223 DOI: 10.1021/nn101307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Highly monodisperse magnetite nanocrystals (MNC) were synthesized in organic media and transferred to the water phase by ultrasound-assisted ligand exchange with an iminodiacetic phosphonate. The resulting biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and magnetorelaxometry, indicating that this method allowed us to obtain stable particle dispersions with narrow size distribution and unusually high magnetic resonance T(2) contrast power. These nanoparticles were conjugated to a newly designed recombinant monodomain protein A variant, which exhibited a convincingly strong affinity for human and rabbit IgG molecules. Owing to the nature of antibody-protein A binding, tight antibody immobilization occurred through the Fc fragment thus taking full advantage of the targeting potential of bound IgGs. If necessary, monoclonal antibodies could be removed under controlled conditions regenerating the original IgG-conjugatable MNC. As a proof of concept of the utility of our paramagnetic labeling system of human IgGs for biomedical applications, anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab was immobilized on hybrid MNC (TMNC). TMNC were assessed by immunoprecipitation assay and confocal microscopy effected on HER-2-overexpressing MCF-7 breast cancer cells, demonstrating excellent recognition capability and selectivity for the target membrane receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mazzucchelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Luigi Sacco, Università di Milano, Ospedale L. Sacco, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
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566
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Nanoparticles as contrast agents for in-vivo bioimaging: current status and future perspectives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3-27. [PMID: 20924568 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based contrast agents are quickly becoming valuable and potentially transformative tools for enhancing medical diagnostics for a wide range of in-vivo imaging modalities. Compared with conventional molecular-scale contrast agents, nanoparticles (NPs) promise improved abilities for in-vivo detection and potentially enhanced targeting efficiencies through longer engineered circulation times, designed clearance pathways, and multimeric binding capacities. However, NP contrast agents are not without issues. Difficulties in minimizing batch-to-batch variations and problems with identifying and characterizing key physicochemical properties that define the in-vivo fate and transport of NPs are significant barriers to the introduction of new NP materials as clinical contrast agents. This manuscript reviews the development and application of nanoparticles and their future potential to advance current and emerging clinical bioimaging techniques. A focus is placed on the application of solid, phase-separated materials, for example metals and metal oxides, and their specific application as contrast agents for in-vivo near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Clinical and preclinical applications of NPs are identified for a broad spectrum of imaging applications, with commentaries on the future promise of these materials. Emerging technologies, for example multifunctional and theranostic NPs, and their potential for clinical advances are also discussed.
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567
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Synthesis of MRI contrast agents derived from DOTAM-Gly-l-Phe-OH incorporating a disulfide bridge: Conjugation to a cell penetrating peptide and preparation of a dimeric agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5521-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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568
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Figueiredo S, Moreira JN, Geraldes CFGC, Aime S, Terreno E. Supramolecular protamine/Gd-loaded liposomes adducts as relaxometric protease responsive probes. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:1131-5. [PMID: 20719523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to enzyme-responsive MRI agents based on the use of liposomes loaded with a high number of paramagnetic metal complexes (Gd-HPDO3A) is presented. It relies on the disruption of low relaxivity aggregates formed by liposomes and a macromolecular substrate that is selectively cleaved by the enzyme of interest. The interaction of anionic liposomes composed of POPC:CHOL:DPGS and the cationic protein protamine yields a poorly soluble supramolecular assembly endowed with a low relaxivity. The action of the serine protease trypsin causes the digestion of protamine and the consequent de-assembly of the supramolecular adduct. The process is accompanied by an overall relaxation enhancement of solvent water protons as consequence of the dissolution of the aggregated liposomes. The observed increase of relaxivity is linearly dependent on the enzyme concentration. An illustrative example of the possible use of the herein presented responsive agent has been reported. It consists of the entrapment of the supramolecular assembly in alginate microcapsules that have often been used as envelopes for in vivo applications of stem cells and pancreatic islets. The change in the observed longitudinal relaxation rate R(1) (leading to an hyperintense signal in the corresponding MR images) may act as a sensor of the protease activity in the biological environment in which the capsules is located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Figueiredo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, PO Box 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
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