701
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Kalyanaraman B. Teaching the basics of cancer metabolism: Developing antitumor strategies by exploiting the differences between normal and cancer cell metabolism. Redox Biol 2017; 12:833-842. [PMID: 28448945 PMCID: PMC5406543 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review of the basics of cancer metabolism focuses on exploiting the metabolic differences between normal and cancer cells. The first part of the review covers the different metabolic pathways utilized in normal cells to generate cellular energy, or ATP, and the glycolytic intermediates required to build the cellular machinery. The second part of the review discusses aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, and the metabolic reprogramming involving glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and glutaminolysis in the context of developing targeted inhibitors in cancer cells. Finally, the selective targeting of cancer mitochondrial metabolism using positively charged lipophilic compounds as potential therapeutics and their ability to mitigate the toxic side effects of conventional chemotherapeutics in normal cells are discussed. I hope this graphical review will be useful in helping undergraduate, graduate, and medical students understand how investigating the basics of cancer cell metabolism could provide new insight in developing potentially new anticancer treatment strategies. Exploiting biochemical and metabolic differences between normal and cancer cells. Mitigating reverse Warburg effect in the tumor stroma or microenvironment to hinder tumor growth. Dual targeting of glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism to inhibit tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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702
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Abstract
Oncogenic PIK3CA mutations are found in a significant fraction of human cancers, but therapeutic inhibition of PI3K has only shown limited success in clinical trials. To understand how mutant PIK3CA contributes to cancer cell proliferation, we used genome scale loss-of-function screening in a large number of genomically annotated cancer cell lines. As expected, we found that PIK3CA mutant cancer cells require PIK3CA but also require the expression of the TCA cycle enzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). To understand the relationship between oncogenic PIK3CA and OGDH function, we interrogated metabolic requirements and found an increased reliance on glucose metabolism to sustain PIK3CA mutant cell proliferation. Functional metabolic studies revealed that OGDH suppression increased levels of the metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (2OG). We found that this increase in 2OG levels, either by OGDH suppression or exogenous 2OG treatment, resulted in aspartate depletion that was specifically manifested as auxotrophy within PIK3CA mutant cells. Reduced levels of aspartate deregulated the malate-aspartate shuttle, which is important for cytoplasmic NAD+ regeneration that sustains rapid glucose breakdown through glycolysis. Consequently, because PIK3CA mutant cells exhibit a profound reliance on glucose metabolism, malate-aspartate shuttle deregulation leads to a specific proliferative block due to the inability to maintain NAD+/NADH homeostasis. Together these observations define a precise metabolic vulnerability imposed by a recurrently mutated oncogene.
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703
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Harvey LD, Chan SY. Emerging Metabolic Therapies in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6040043. [PMID: 28375184 PMCID: PMC5406775 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an enigmatic vascular disorder characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately resulting in pressure overload, dysfunction, and failure of the right ventricle. Current medications for PH do not reverse or prevent disease progression, and current diagnostic strategies are suboptimal for detecting early-stage disease. Thus, there is a substantial need to develop new diagnostics and therapies that target the molecular origins of PH. Emerging investigations have defined metabolic aberrations as fundamental and early components of disease manifestation in both pulmonary vasculature and the right ventricle. As such, the elucidation of metabolic dysregulation in pulmonary hypertension allows for greater therapeutic insight into preventing, halting, or even reversing disease progression. This review will aim to discuss (1) the reprogramming and dysregulation of metabolic pathways in pulmonary hypertension; (2) the emerging therapeutic interventions targeting these metabolic pathways; and (3) further innovation needed to overcome barriers in the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd D Harvey
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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704
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Bordt EA, Clerc P, Roelofs BA, Saladino AJ, Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V, Cherok E, Khalil A, Yadava N, Ge SX, Francis TC, Kennedy NW, Picton LK, Kumar T, Uppuluri S, Miller AM, Itoh K, Karbowski M, Sesaki H, Hill RB, Polster BM. The Putative Drp1 Inhibitor mdivi-1 Is a Reversible Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor that Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species. Dev Cell 2017; 40:583-594.e6. [PMID: 28350990 PMCID: PMC5398851 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission mediated by the GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is an attractive drug target in numerous maladies that range from heart disease to neurodegenerative disorders. The compound mdivi-1 is widely reported to inhibit Drp1-dependent fission, elongate mitochondria, and mitigate brain injury. Here, we show that mdivi-1 reversibly inhibits mitochondrial complex I-dependent O2 consumption and reverse electron transfer-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at concentrations (e.g., 50 μM) used to target mitochondrial fission. Respiratory inhibition is rescued by bypassing complex I using yeast NADH dehydrogenase Ndi1. Unexpectedly, respiratory impairment by mdivi-1 occurs without mitochondrial elongation, is not mimicked by Drp1 deletion, and is observed in Drp1-deficient fibroblasts. In addition, mdivi-1 poorly inhibits recombinant Drp1 GTPase activity (Ki > 1.2 mM). Overall, these results suggest that mdivi-1 is not a specific Drp1 inhibitor. The ability of mdivi-1 to reversibly inhibit complex I and modify mitochondrial ROS production may contribute to effects observed in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Pascaline Clerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian A Roelofs
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Andrew J Saladino
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - László Tretter
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Edward Cherok
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01109, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shealinna X Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - T Chase Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nolan W Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lora K Picton
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tanya Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sruti Uppuluri
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexandrea M Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mariusz Karbowski
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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705
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In the last years, metabolic reprogramming, fluctuations in bioenergetic fuels, and modulation of oxidative stress became new key hallmarks of tumor development. In cancer, elevated glucose uptake and high glycolytic rate, as a source of adenosine triphosphate, constitute a growth advantage for tumors. This represents the universally known Warburg effect, which gave rise to one major clinical application for detecting cancer cells using glucose analogs: the positron emission tomography scan imaging. Recent Advances: Glucose utilization and carbon sources in tumors are much more heterogeneous than initially thought. Indeed, new studies emerged and revealed a dual capacity of tumor cells for glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism. OXPHOS metabolism, which relies predominantly on mitochondrial respiration, exhibits fine-tuned regulation of respiratory chain complexes and enhanced antioxidant response or detoxification capacity. CRITICAL ISSUES OXPHOS-dependent cancer cells use alternative oxidizable substrates, such as glutamine and fatty acids. The diversity of carbon substrates fueling neoplastic cells is indicative of metabolic heterogeneity, even within tumors sharing the same clinical diagnosis. Metabolic switch supports cancer cell stemness and their bioenergy-consuming functions, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Moreover, reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial metabolism and nutrient availability are important for interaction with tumor microenvironment components. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and immune cells participate in the metabolic interplay with neoplastic cells. They collectively adapt in a dynamic manner to the metabolic needs of cancer cells, thus participating in tumorigenesis and resistance to treatments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterizing the reciprocal metabolic interplay between stromal, immune, and neoplastic cells will provide a better understanding of treatment resistance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 462-485.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Gentric
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mieulet
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
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706
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Mayers JR, Torrence ME, Danai LV, Papagiannakopoulos T, Davidson SM, Bauer MR, Lau AN, Ji BW, Dixit PD, Hosios AM, Muir A, Chin CR, Freinkman E, Jacks T, Wolpin BM, Vitkup D, Vander Heiden MG. Tissue of origin dictates branched-chain amino acid metabolism in mutant Kras-driven cancers. Science 2017; 353:1161-5. [PMID: 27609895 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor genetics guides patient selection for many new therapies, and cell culture studies have demonstrated that specific mutations can promote metabolic phenotypes. However, whether tissue context defines cancer dependence on specific metabolic pathways is unknown. Kras activation and Trp53 deletion in the pancreas or the lung result in pancreatic ductal adenocarinoma (PDAC) or non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), respectively, but despite the same initiating events, these tumors use branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) differently. NSCLC tumors incorporate free BCAAs into tissue protein and use BCAAs as a nitrogen source, whereas PDAC tumors have decreased BCAA uptake. These differences are reflected in expression levels of BCAA catabolic enzymes in both mice and humans. Loss of Bcat1 and Bcat2, the enzymes responsible for BCAA use, impairs NSCLC tumor formation, but these enzymes are not required for PDAC tumor formation, arguing that tissue of origin is an important determinant of how cancers satisfy their metabolic requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Mayers
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Margaret E Torrence
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Laura V Danai
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew R Bauer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Allison N Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian W Ji
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Purushottam D Dixit
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizaveta Freinkman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Broad Institute, Seven Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Dennis Vitkup
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute, Seven Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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707
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Maralingannavar V, Parmar D, Pant T, Gadgil C, Panchagnula V, Gadgil M. CHO Cells adapted to inorganic phosphate limitation show higher growth and higher pyruvate carboxylase flux in phosphate replete conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:749-758. [PMID: 28220676 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi ) is an essential ion involved in diverse cellular processes including metabolism. Changes in cellular metabolism upon long term adaptation to Pi limitation have been reported in E. coli. Given the essential role of Pi , adaptation to Pi limitation may also result in metabolic changes in animal cells. In this study, we have adapted CHO cells producing recombinant IgG to limiting Pi conditions for 75 days. Not surprisingly, adapted cells showed better survival under Pi limitation. Here, we report the finding that such cells also showed better growth characteristics compared to control in batch culture replete with Pi (higher peak density and integral viable cell density), accompanied by a lower specific oxygen uptake rate and cytochrome oxidase activity towards the end of exponential phase. Surprisingly, the adapted cells grew to a lower peak density under glucose limitation. This suggests long term Pi limitation may lead to selection for an altered metabolism with higher dependence on glucose availability for biomass assimilation compared to control. Steady state U-13 C glucose labeling experiments suggest that adapted cells have a higher pyruvate carboxylase flux. Consistent with this observation, supplementation with aspartate abolished the peak density difference whereas supplementation with serine did not abolish the difference. This supports the hypothesis that cell growth in the adapted culture might be higher due to a higher pyruvate carboxylase flux. Decreased fitness under carbon limitation and mutations in the sucABCD operon has been previously reported in E. coli upon long term adaptation to Pi limitation, suggestive of a similarity in cellular response among such diverse species. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:749-758, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanathgouda Maralingannavar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
| | - Dharmeshkumar Parmar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
| | - Tejal Pant
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Chetan Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
| | - Venkateswarlu Panchagnula
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
| | - Mugdha Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Div., CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.,CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Pune
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708
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Mitochondrial Function and Cell Size: An Allometric Relationship. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:393-402. [PMID: 28284466 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Allometric scaling of metabolic rate results in lower total mitochondrial oxygen consumption with increasing organismal size. This is considered a universal law in biology. Here, we discuss how allometric laws impose size-dependent limits to mitochondrial activity at the cellular level. This cell-size-dependent mitochondrial metabolic activity results in nonlinear scaling of metabolism in proliferating cells, which can explain size homeostasis. The allometry in mitochondrial activity can be controlled through mitochondrial fusion and fission machinery, suggesting that mitochondrial connectivity can bypass transport limitations, the presumed biophysical basis for allometry. As physical size affects cellular functionality, cell-size-dependent metabolism becomes directly relevant for development, metabolic diseases, and aging.
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709
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Dependence On Glycolysis Sensitizes BRAF-mutated Melanomas For Increased Response To Targeted BRAF Inhibition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42604. [PMID: 28205616 PMCID: PMC5311997 DOI: 10.1038/srep42604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolism can broadly affect therapy resistance by influencing compensatory signaling and expanding proliferation. Given many BRAF-mutated melanoma patients experience disease progression with targeted BRAF inhibitors, we hypothesized therapeutic response is related to tumor metabolic phenotype, and that altering tumor metabolism could change therapeutic outcome. We demonstrated the proliferative kinetics of BRAF-mutated melanoma cells treated with the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 fall along a spectrum of sensitivity, providing a model system to study the interplay of metabolism and drug sensitivity. We discovered an inverse relationship between glucose availability and sensitivity to BRAF inhibition through characterization of metabolic phenotypes using nearly a dozen metabolic parameters in Principle Component Analysis. Subsequently, we generated rho0 variants that lacked functional mitochondrial respiration and increased glycolytic metabolism. The rho0 cell lines exhibited increased sensitivity to PLX4720 compared to the respiration-competent parental lines. Finally, we utilized the FDA-approved antiretroviral drug zalcitabine to suppress mitochondrial respiration and to force glycolysis in our cell line panel, resulting in increased PLX4720 sensitivity via shifts in EC50 and Hill slope metrics. Our data suggest that forcing tumor glycolysis in melanoma using zalcitabine or other similar approaches may be an adjunct to increase the efficacy of targeted BRAF therapy.
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710
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Dong LF, Kovarova J, Bajzikova M, Bezawork-Geleta A, Svec D, Endaya B, Sachaphibulkij K, Coelho AR, Sebkova N, Ruzickova A, Tan AS, Kluckova K, Judasova K, Zamecnikova K, Rychtarcikova Z, Gopalan V, Andera L, Sobol M, Yan B, Pattnaik B, Bhatraju N, Truksa J, Stopka P, Hozak P, Lam AK, Sedlacek R, Oliveira PJ, Kubista M, Agrawal A, Dvorakova-Hortova K, Rohlena J, Berridge MV, Neuzil J. Horizontal transfer of whole mitochondria restores tumorigenic potential in mitochondrial DNA-deficient cancer cells. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28195532 PMCID: PMC5367896 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we showed that generation of tumours in syngeneic mice by cells devoid of mitochondrial (mt) DNA (ρ0 cells) is linked to the acquisition of the host mtDNA. However, the mechanism of mtDNA movement between cells remains unresolved. To determine whether the transfer of mtDNA involves whole mitochondria, we injected B16ρ0 mouse melanoma cells into syngeneic C57BL/6Nsu9-DsRed2 mice that express red fluorescent protein in their mitochondria. We document that mtDNA is acquired by transfer of whole mitochondria from the host animal, leading to normalisation of mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, knockdown of key mitochondrial complex I (NDUFV1) and complex II (SDHC) subunits by shRNA in B16ρ0 cells abolished or significantly retarded their ability to form tumours. Collectively, these results show that intact mitochondria with their mtDNA payload are transferred in the developing tumour, and provide functional evidence for an essential role of oxidative phosphorylation in cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22187.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Feng Dong
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Jaromira Kovarova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bajzikova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Svec
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Berwini Endaya
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | | | - Ana R Coelho
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Natasa Sebkova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Ruzickova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - An S Tan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Katarina Kluckova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Judasova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Zamecnikova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Zittau/Goerlitz University of Applied Sciences, Zittau, Germany
| | - Zuzana Rychtarcikova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Ladislav Andera
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margarita Sobol
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Bijay Pattnaik
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Bhatraju
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Stopka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alfred K Lam
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Mikael Kubista
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,TATAA Biocenter, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Katerina Dvorakova-Hortova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Neuzil
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia.,Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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711
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Nutrients in Energy and One-Carbon Metabolism: Learning from Metformin Users. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020121. [PMID: 28208582 PMCID: PMC5331552 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic vulnerability is associated with age-related diseases and concomitant co-morbidities, which include obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Most of the health problems we face today come from excessive intake of nutrients and drugs mimicking dietary effects and dietary restriction are the most successful manipulations targeting age-related pathways. Phenotypic heterogeneity and individual response to metabolic stressors are closely related food intake. Understanding the complexity of the relationship between dietary provision and metabolic consequences in the long term might provide clinical strategies to improve healthspan. New aspects of metformin activity provide a link to many of the overlapping factors, especially the way in which organismal bioenergetics remodel one-carbon metabolism. Metformin not only inhibits mitochondrial complex 1, modulating the metabolic response to nutrient intake, but also alters one-carbon metabolic pathways. Here, we discuss findings on the mechanism(s) of action of metformin with the potential for therapeutic interpretations.
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712
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Mitochondria play an important role in the cell proliferation suppressing activity of berberine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41712. [PMID: 28181523 PMCID: PMC5299431 DOI: 10.1038/srep41712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After being studied for approximately a century, berberine (BBR) has been found to act on various targets and pathways. A great challenge in the pharmacological analysis of BBR at present is to identify which target(s) plays a decisive role. In the study described herein, a rescue experiment was designed to show the important role of mitochondria in BBR activity. A toxic dose of BBR was applied to inhibit cell proliferation and mitochondrial activity, then α-ketobutyrate (AKB), an analogue of pyruvate that serves only as an electron receptor of NADH, was proven to partially restore cell proliferation. However, mitochondrial morphology damage and TCA cycle suppression were not recovered by AKB. As the AKB just help to regenerate NAD+, which is make up for part function of mitochondrial, the recovered cell proliferation stands for the contribution of mitochondria to the activity of BBR. Our results also indicate that BBR suppresses tumour growth and reduces energy charge and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in a HepG2 xenograft model. In summary, our study suggests that mitochondria play an important role in BBR activity regarding tumour cell proliferation and metabolism.
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713
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Abstract
Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and organism performance in varying nutrient states and protect from inflammation and injury in multiple organ systems. Traditionally viewed as metabolic substrates enlisted only in carbohydrate restriction, observations underscore the importance of ketone bodies as vital metabolic and signaling mediators when carbohydrates are abundant. Complementing a repertoire of known therapeutic options for diseases of the nervous system, prospective roles for ketone bodies in cancer have arisen, as have intriguing protective roles in heart and liver, opening therapeutic options in obesity-related and cardiovascular disease. Controversies in ketone metabolism and signaling are discussed to reconcile classical dogma with contemporary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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714
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Ma EH, Bantug G, Griss T, Condotta S, Johnson RM, Samborska B, Mainolfi N, Suri V, Guak H, Balmer ML, Verway MJ, Raissi TC, Tsui H, Boukhaled G, Henriques da Costa S, Frezza C, Krawczyk CM, Friedman A, Manfredi M, Richer MJ, Hess C, Jones RG. Serine Is an Essential Metabolite for Effector T Cell Expansion. Cell Metab 2017; 25:345-357. [PMID: 28111214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During immune challenge, T lymphocytes engage pathways of anabolic metabolism to support clonal expansion and the development of effector functions. Here we report a critical role for the non-essential amino acid serine in effector T cell responses. Upon activation, T cells upregulate enzymes of the serine, glycine, one-carbon (SGOC) metabolic network, and rapidly increase processing of serine into one-carbon metabolism. We show that extracellular serine is required for optimal T cell expansion even in glucose concentrations sufficient to support T cell activation, bioenergetics, and effector function. Restricting dietary serine impairs pathogen-driven expansion of T cells in vivo, without affecting overall immune cell homeostasis. Mechanistically, serine supplies glycine and one-carbon units for de novo nucleotide biosynthesis in proliferating T cells, and one-carbon units from formate can rescue T cells from serine deprivation. Our data implicate serine as a key immunometabolite that directly modulates adaptive immunity by controlling T cell proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Ma
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Glenn Bantug
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Takla Griss
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Condotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Radia M Johnson
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Bozena Samborska
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Nello Mainolfi
- Raze Therapeutics, 400 Technology Square, 10th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vipin Suri
- Raze Therapeutics, 400 Technology Square, 10th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hannah Guak
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Maria L Balmer
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark J Verway
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Thomas C Raissi
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Harmony Tsui
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Giselle Boukhaled
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | | | | | - Connie M Krawczyk
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Adam Friedman
- Raze Therapeutics, 400 Technology Square, 10th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Manfredi
- Raze Therapeutics, 400 Technology Square, 10th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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715
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Danhier P, Bański P, Payen VL, Grasso D, Ippolito L, Sonveaux P, Porporato PE. Cancer metabolism in space and time: Beyond the Warburg effect. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:556-572. [PMID: 28167100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism in cancer cells is pivotal for tumor growth, most notably by providing energy, reducing equivalents and building blocks while several metabolites exert a signaling function promoting tumor growth and progression. A cancer tissue cannot be simply reduced to a bulk of proliferating cells. Tumors are indeed complex and dynamic structures where single cells can heterogeneously perform various biological activities with different metabolic requirements. Because tumors are composed of different types of cells with metabolic activities affected by different spatial and temporal contexts, it is important to address metabolism taking into account cellular and biological heterogeneity. In this review, we describe this heterogeneity also in metabolic fluxes, thus showing the relative contribution of different metabolic activities to tumor progression according to the cellular context. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73 box B1.73.08, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piotr Bański
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debora Grasso
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52 box B1.53.09, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino Italy.
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716
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Vatrinet R, Leone G, De Luise M, Girolimetti G, Vidone M, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. The α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in cancer metabolic plasticity. Cancer Metab 2017; 5:3. [PMID: 28184304 PMCID: PMC5289018 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-017-0165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated metabolism is a well-established hallmark of cancer. At the hub of various metabolic pathways deeply integrated within mitochondrial functions, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex represents a major modulator of electron transport chain activity and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) flux, and is a pivotal enzyme in the metabolic reprogramming following a cancer cell’s change in bioenergetic requirements. By contributing to the control of α-ketoglutarate levels, dynamics, and oxidation state, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is also essential in modulating the epigenetic landscape of cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the manifold roles that this TCA enzyme and its substrate play in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Vatrinet
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Leone
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica De Luise
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Girolimetti
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Vidone
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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717
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Kremer JC, Prudner BC, Lange SES, Bean GR, Schultze MB, Brashears CB, Radyk MD, Redlich N, Tzeng SC, Kami K, Shelton L, Li A, Morgan Z, Bomalaski JS, Tsukamoto T, McConathy J, Michel LS, Held JM, Van Tine BA. Arginine Deprivation Inhibits the Warburg Effect and Upregulates Glutamine Anaplerosis and Serine Biosynthesis in ASS1-Deficient Cancers. Cell Rep 2017; 18:991-1004. [PMID: 28122247 PMCID: PMC5840045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting defects in metabolism is an underutilized strategy for the treatment of cancer. Arginine auxotrophy resulting from the silencing of argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) is a common metabolic alteration reported in a broad range of aggressive cancers. To assess the metabolic effects that arise from acute and chronic arginine starvation in ASS1-deficient cell lines, we performed metabolite profiling. We found that pharmacologically induced arginine depletion causes increased serine biosynthesis, glutamine anaplerosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and decreased aerobic glycolysis, effectively inhibiting the Warburg effect. The reduction of glycolysis in cells otherwise dependent on aerobic glycolysis is correlated with reduced PKM2 expression and phosphorylation and upregulation of PHGDH. Concurrent arginine deprivation and glutaminase inhibition was found to be synthetic lethal across a spectrum of ASS1-deficient tumor cell lines and is sufficient to cause in vivo tumor regression in mice. These results identify two synthetic lethal therapeutic strategies exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities of ASS1-negative cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Charles Kremer
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bethany Cheree Prudner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sara Elaine Stubbs Lange
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory Richard Bean
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Bailey Schultze
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Caitlyn Brook Brashears
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Megan DeAnna Radyk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Redlich
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shin-Cheng Tzeng
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenjiro Kami
- Human Metabolome Technologies, 246-2 Mizukami Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Laura Shelton
- Human Metabolome Technologies America, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Aixiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zack Morgan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jon McConathy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Loren Scott Michel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason Matthew Held
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian Andrew Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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718
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Beckervordersandforth R, Ebert B, Schäffner I, Moss J, Fiebig C, Shin J, Moore DL, Ghosh L, Trinchero MF, Stockburger C, Friedland K, Steib K, von Wittgenstein J, Keiner S, Redecker C, Hölter SM, Xiang W, Wurst W, Jagasia R, Schinder AF, Ming GL, Toni N, Jessberger S, Song H, Lie DC. Role of Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Control of Early Lineage Progression and Aging Phenotypes in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Neuron 2017; 93:560-573.e6. [PMID: 28111078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of cellular metabolism is hypothesized to constitute a vital component of the developmental sequence underlying the life-long generation of hippocampal neurons from quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs). The identity of stage-specific metabolic programs and their impact on adult neurogenesis are largely unknown. We show that the adult hippocampal neurogenic lineage is critically dependent on the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation machinery at the stage of the fast proliferating intermediate progenitor cell. Perturbation of mitochondrial complex function by ablation of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) reproduces multiple hallmarks of aging in hippocampal neurogenesis, whereas pharmacological enhancement of mitochondrial function ameliorates age-associated neurogenesis defects. Together with the finding of age-associated alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology in NSCs, these data link mitochondrial complex function to efficient lineage progression of adult NSCs and identify mitochondrial function as a potential target to ameliorate neurogenesis-defects in the aging hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Beckervordersandforth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Ebert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fiebig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jaehoon Shin
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laboni Ghosh
- Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariela F Trinchero
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute (IIBBA, CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Stockburger
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Steib
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia von Wittgenstein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CNS Discovery; Pharma Research and Early Development, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro F Schinder
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute (IIBBA, CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicolas Toni
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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719
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Su Y, Yang Y, Huang Y. Loss of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 perturbs iron homeostasis and leads to apoptotic cell death in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. FEBS J 2017; 284:324-337. [PMID: 27886462 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins characterized by tandem arrays of a degenerate 35-amino-acid repeat belong to a large family of RNA-binding proteins that are involved in post-transcriptional control of organelle gene expression. PPR proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and particularly prevalent in higher plants. Schizosaccharomyces pombe has 10 PPR proteins. Among them, ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, and ppr10 participate in mitochondrial post-transcriptional processes and are required for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function. In the present work, we showed that deletion of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 led to apoptotic cell death, as revealed by DAPI and Annexin V-FITC staining. These mutants also exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that deletion of ppr10 affected critical biological processes. In particular, a core set of genes involved in iron uptake and/or iron homeostasis was elevated in the Δppr10 mutant, suggesting an elevated level of intracellular iron in the mutant. Consistent with this notion, Δppr3, Δppr4, Δppr6, and Δppr10 mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to iron. Furthermore, the iron chelator, bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid, but not the calcium chelator EGTA, nearly restored the viabilities of Δppr3, Δppr4, Δppr6, and Δppr10 mutants, and reduced ROS levels in the mutants. These results show for the first time that deletion of a ppr gene leads to perturbation of iron homeostasis. Our results also suggest that disrupted iron homeostasis in Δppr3, Δppr4, Δppr6, and Δppr10 mutants may lead to an increase in the level of ROS and induction of apoptotic cell death in S. pombe. DATABASE The RNA-seq data have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BioProject database (accession number SRP091623) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (accession number GSE90144).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
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720
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Ducker GS, Rabinowitz JD. One-Carbon Metabolism in Health and Disease. Cell Metab 2017; 25:27-42. [PMID: 27641100 PMCID: PMC5353360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1188] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One-carbon (1C) metabolism, mediated by the folate cofactor, supports multiple physiological processes. These include biosynthesis (purines and thymidine), amino acid homeostasis (glycine, serine, and methionine), epigenetic maintenance, and redox defense. Both within eukaryotic cells and across organs, 1C metabolic reactions are compartmentalized. Here we review the fundamentals of mammalian 1C metabolism, including the pathways active in different compartments, cell types, and biological states. Emphasis is given to recent discoveries enabled by modern genetics, analytical chemistry, and isotope tracing. An emerging theme is the biological importance of mitochondrial 1C reactions, both for producing 1C units that are exported to the cytosol and for making additional products, including glycine and NADPH. Increased clarity regarding differential folate pathway usage in cancer, stem cells, development, and adult physiology is reviewed and highlights new opportunities for selective therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Ducker
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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721
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Rohlenova K, Sachaphibulkij K, Stursa J, Bezawork-Geleta A, Blecha J, Endaya B, Werner L, Cerny J, Zobalova R, Goodwin J, Spacek T, Alizadeh Pesdar E, Yan B, Nguyen MN, Vondrusova M, Sobol M, Jezek P, Hozak P, Truksa J, Rohlena J, Dong LF, Neuzil J. Selective Disruption of Respiratory Supercomplexes as a New Strategy to Suppress Her2 high Breast Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:84-103. [PMID: 27392540 PMCID: PMC5206771 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Expression of the HER2 oncogene in breast cancer is associated with resistance to treatment, and Her2 may regulate bioenergetics. Therefore, we investigated whether disruption of the electron transport chain (ETC) is a viable strategy to eliminate Her2high disease. RESULTS We demonstrate that Her2high cells and tumors have increased assembly of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) and increased complex I-driven respiration in vitro and in vivo. They are also highly sensitive to MitoTam, a novel mitochondrial-targeted derivative of tamoxifen. Unlike tamoxifen, MitoTam efficiently suppresses experimental Her2high tumors without systemic toxicity. Mechanistically, MitoTam inhibits complex I-driven respiration and disrupts respiratory SCs in Her2high background in vitro and in vivo, leading to elevated reactive oxygen species production and cell death. Intriguingly, higher sensitivity of Her2high cells to MitoTam is dependent on the mitochondrial fraction of Her2. INNOVATION Oncogenes such as HER2 can restructure ETC, creating a previously unrecognized therapeutic vulnerability exploitable by SC-disrupting agents such as MitoTam. CONCLUSION We propose that the ETC is a suitable therapeutic target in Her2high disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 84-103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rohlenova
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Stursa
- 2 School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport, Australia .,3 Prague Institute of Chemical Technology , Prague, Czech Republic .,4 Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital , Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Blecha
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Berwini Endaya
- 2 School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport, Australia
| | - Lukas Werner
- 4 Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital , Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic .,2 School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport, Australia
| | - Jacob Goodwin
- 2 School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport, Australia
| | - Tomas Spacek
- 5 Institute of Physiology , Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Bing Yan
- 2 School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport, Australia
| | - Maria Nga Nguyen
- 2 School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport, Australia
| | - Magdalena Vondrusova
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Margaryta Sobol
- 6 Institute of Molecular Genetics , Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jezek
- 5 Institute of Physiology , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozak
- 6 Institute of Molecular Genetics , Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Lan-Feng Dong
- 2 School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport, Australia
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- 1 Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic .,2 School of Medical Science, Griffith University , Southport, Australia
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722
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Costa A, Frezza C. Metabolic Reprogramming and Oncogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:213-231. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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723
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Lee S, Wen H, An YJ, Cha JW, Ko YJ, Hyberts SG, Park S. Carbon Isotopomer Analysis with Non-Unifom Sampling HSQC NMR for Cell Extract and Live Cell Metabolomics Studies. Anal Chem 2016; 89:1078-1085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- Natural
Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - He Wen
- Natural
Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong Jin An
- Natural
Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Cha
- Natural
Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Natural
Constituents Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- National
Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sven G. Hyberts
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Natural
Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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724
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Vyas S, Zaganjor E, Haigis MC. Mitochondria and Cancer. Cell 2016; 166:555-566. [PMID: 27471965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1115] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that are integral in stress sensing to allow for cellular adaptation to the environment. Therefore, it is not surprising that mitochondria are important mediators of tumorigenesis, as this process requires flexibility to adapt to cellular and environmental alterations in addition to cancer treatments. Multiple aspects of mitochondrial biology beyond bioenergetics support transformation, including mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover, fission and fusion dynamics, cell death susceptibility, oxidative stress regulation, metabolism, and signaling. Thus, understanding mechanisms of mitochondrial function during tumorigenesis will be critical for the next generation of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Vyas
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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725
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Morandi A, Giannoni E, Chiarugi P. Nutrient Exploitation within the Tumor–Stroma Metabolic Crosstalk. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:736-746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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726
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Benjamin D, Colombi M, Hindupur SK, Betz C, Lane HA, El-Shemerly MYM, Lu M, Quagliata L, Terracciano L, Moes S, Sharpe T, Wodnar-Filipowicz A, Moroni C, Hall MN. Syrosingopine sensitizes cancer cells to killing by metformin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601756. [PMID: 28028542 PMCID: PMC5182053 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report that the anticancer activity of the widely used diabetic drug metformin is strongly potentiated by syrosingopine. Synthetic lethality elicited by combining the two drugs is synergistic and specific to transformed cells. This effect is unrelated to syrosingopine's known role as an inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporters. Syrosingopine binds to the glycolytic enzyme α-enolase in vitro, and the expression of the γ-enolase isoform correlates with nonresponsiveness to the drug combination. Syrosingopine sensitized cancer cells to metformin and its more potent derivative phenformin far below the individual toxic threshold of each compound. Thus, combining syrosingopine and codrugs is a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical application for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Benjamin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Colombi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Charles Betz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heidi A. Lane
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Min Lu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzette Moes
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Sharpe
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michael N. Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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727
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Han C, Yang L, Choi HH, Baddour J, Achreja A, Liu Y, Li Y, Li J, Wan G, Huang C, Ji G, Zhang X, Nagrath D, Lu X. Amplification of USP13 drives ovarian cancer metabolism. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13525. [PMID: 27892457 PMCID: PMC5133706 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated energetic metabolism has been recently identified as a hallmark of cancer. Although mutations in metabolic enzymes hardwire metabolism to tumourigenesis, they are relatively infrequent in ovarian cancer. More often, cancer metabolism is re-engineered by altered abundance and activity of the metabolic enzymes. Here we identify ubiquitin-specific peptidase 13 (USP13) as a master regulator that drives ovarian cancer metabolism. USP13 specifically deubiquitinates and thus upregulates ATP citrate lyase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, two key enzymes that determine mitochondrial respiration, glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis. The USP13 gene is co-amplified with PIK3CA in 29.3% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers and its overexpression is significantly associated with poor clinical outcome. Inhibiting USP13 remarkably suppresses ovarian tumour progression and sensitizes tumour cells to the treatment of PI3K/AKT inhibitor. Our results reveal an important metabolism-centric role of USP13, which may lead to potential therapeutics targeting USP13 in ovarian cancers. Cancer cells need to reprogramme their metabolism to allow rapid cell proliferation. Here, the authors show that USP13 is amplified in ovarian cancer and its protein product, a deubiquitinase, drives tumour progression by rewiring the metabolism of cancer cells by stabilising two critical metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecil Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joelle Baddour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Yunhua Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jiada Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guohui Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Cheng Huang
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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728
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Malecki M, Bitton DA, Rodríguez-López M, Rallis C, Calavia NG, Smith GC, Bähler J. Functional and regulatory profiling of energy metabolism in fission yeast. Genome Biol 2016; 17:240. [PMID: 27887640 PMCID: PMC5124322 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The control of energy metabolism is fundamental for cell growth and function and anomalies in it are implicated in complex diseases and ageing. Metabolism in yeast cells can be manipulated by supplying different carbon sources: yeast grown on glucose rapidly proliferates by fermentation, analogous to tumour cells growing by aerobic glycolysis, whereas on non-fermentable carbon sources metabolism shifts towards respiration. RESULTS We screened deletion libraries of fission yeast to identify over 200 genes required for respiratory growth. Growth media and auxotrophic mutants strongly influenced respiratory metabolism. Most genes uncovered in the mutant screens have not been implicated in respiration in budding yeast. We applied gene-expression profiling approaches to compare steady-state fermentative and respiratory growth and to analyse the dynamic adaptation to respiratory growth. The transcript levels of most genes functioning in energy metabolism pathways are coherently tuned, reflecting anticipated differences in metabolic flows between fermenting and respiring cells. We show that acetyl-CoA synthase, rather than citrate lyase, is essential for acetyl-CoA synthesis in fission yeast. We also investigated the transcriptional response to mitochondrial damage by genetic or chemical perturbations, defining a retrograde response that involves the concerted regulation of distinct groups of nuclear genes that may avert harm from mitochondrial malfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a rich framework of the genetic and regulatory basis of energy metabolism in fission yeast and beyond, and it pinpoints weaknesses of commonly used auxotroph mutants for investigating metabolism. As a model for cellular energy regulation, fission yeast provides an attractive and complementary system to budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Malecki
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danny A Bitton
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria Rodríguez-López
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Present address: School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, University of East London, London, E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Noelia Garcia Calavia
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Graeme C Smith
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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729
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Vernieri C, Casola S, Foiani M, Pietrantonio F, de Braud F, Longo V. Targeting Cancer Metabolism: Dietary and Pharmacologic Interventions. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1315-1333. [PMID: 27872127 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most tumors display oncogene-driven reprogramming of several metabolic pathways, which are crucial to sustain their growth and proliferation. In recent years, both dietary and pharmacologic approaches that target deregulated tumor metabolism are beginning to be considered for clinical applications. Dietary interventions exploit the ability of nutrient-restricted conditions to exert broad biological effects, protecting normal cells, organs, and systems, while sensitizing a wide variety of cancer cells to cytotoxic therapies. On the other hand, drugs targeting enzymes or metabolites of crucial metabolic pathways can be highly specific and effective, but must be matched with a responsive tumor, which might rapidly adapt. In this review, we illustrate how dietary and pharmacologic therapies differ in their effect on tumor growth, proliferation, and metabolism and discuss the available preclinical and clinical evidence in favor of or against each of them. We also indicate, when appropriate, how to optimize future investigations on metabolic therapies on the basis of tumor- and patient-related characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first review article that comprehensively analyzes the preclinical and preliminary clinical experimental foundations of both dietary and pharmacologic metabolic interventions in cancer therapy. Among several promising therapies, we propose treatment personalization on the basis of tumor genetics, tumor metabolism, and patient systemic metabolism.Cancer Discov; 6(12); 1315-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. .,Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Longo
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy. .,Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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730
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Control of mitochondrial function and cell growth by the atypical cadherin Fat1. Nature 2016; 539:575-578. [PMID: 27828948 DOI: 10.1038/nature20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial products such as ATP, reactive oxygen species, and aspartate are key regulators of cellular metabolism and growth. Abnormal mitochondrial function compromises integrated growth-related processes such as development and tissue repair, as well as homeostatic mechanisms that counteract ageing and neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Physiologic mechanisms that control mitochondrial activity in such settings remain incompletely understood. Here we show that the atypical Fat1 cadherin acts as a molecular 'brake' on mitochondrial respiration that regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation after arterial injury. Fragments of Fat1 accumulate in SMC mitochondria, and the Fat1 intracellular domain interacts with multiple mitochondrial proteins, including critical factors associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. SMCs lacking Fat1 (Fat1KO) grow faster, consume more oxygen for ATP production, and contain more aspartate. Notably, expression in Fat1KO cells of a modified Fat1 intracellular domain that localizes exclusively to mitochondria largely normalizes oxygen consumption, and the growth advantage of these cells can be suppressed by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, which suggest that a Fat1-mediated growth control mechanism is intrinsic to mitochondria. Consistent with this idea, Fat1 species associate with multiple respiratory complexes, and Fat1 deletion both increases the activity of complexes I and II and promotes the formation of complex-I-containing supercomplexes. In vivo, Fat1 is expressed in injured human and mouse arteries, and inactivation of SMC Fat1 in mice potentiates the response to vascular damage, with markedly increased medial hyperplasia and neointimal growth, and evidence of higher SMC mitochondrial respiration. These studies suggest that Fat1 controls mitochondrial activity to restrain cell growth during the reparative, proliferative state induced by vascular injury. Given recent reports linking Fat1 to cancer, abnormal kidney and muscle development, and neuropsychiatric disease, this Fat1 function may have importance in other settings of altered cell growth and metabolism.
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731
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Liu X, Romero IL, Litchfield LM, Lengyel E, Locasale JW. Metformin Targets Central Carbon Metabolism and Reveals Mitochondrial Requirements in Human Cancers. Cell Metab 2016; 24:728-739. [PMID: 27746051 PMCID: PMC5889952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing metformin for cancer therapy is attractive due to its safety profile, epidemiological evidence, and encouraging data from human clinical trials. Although it is known to systemically affect glucose metabolism in liver, muscle, gut, and other tissues, the molecular determinants that predict a patient response in cancer remain unknown. Here, we carry out an integrative metabolomics analysis of metformin action in ovarian cancer. Metformin accumulated in patient biopsies, and pathways involving nucleotide metabolism, redox, and energy status, all related to mitochondrial metabolism, were affected in treated tumors. Strikingly, a metabolic signature obtained from a patient with an exceptional clinical outcome mirrored that of a responsive animal tumor. Mechanistically, we demonstrate with stable isotope tracing that these metabolic signatures are due to an inability to adapt nutrient utilization in the mitochondria. This analysis provides new insights into mitochondrial metabolism and may lead to more precise indications of metformin in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Iris L Romero
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lacey M Litchfield
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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732
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Gui DY, Sullivan LB, Luengo A, Hosios AM, Bush LN, Gitego N, Davidson SM, Freinkman E, Thomas CJ, Vander Heiden MG. Environment Dictates Dependence on Mitochondrial Complex I for NAD+ and Aspartate Production and Determines Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Metformin. Cell Metab 2016; 24:716-727. [PMID: 27746050 PMCID: PMC5102768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metformin use is associated with reduced cancer mortality, but how metformin impacts cancer outcomes is controversial. Although metformin can act on cells autonomously to inhibit tumor growth, the doses of metformin that inhibit proliferation in tissue culture are much higher than what has been described in vivo. Here, we show that the environment drastically alters sensitivity to metformin and other complex I inhibitors. We find that complex I supports proliferation by regenerating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+, and metformin's anti-proliferative effect is due to loss of NAD+/NADH homeostasis and inhibition of aspartate biosynthesis. However, complex I is only one of many inputs that determines the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio, and dependency on complex I is dictated by the activity of other pathways that affect NAD+ regeneration and aspartate levels. This suggests that cancer drug sensitivity and resistance are not intrinsic properties of cancer cells, and demonstrates that the environment can dictate sensitivity to therapies that impact cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Y Gui
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alba Luengo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lauren N Bush
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nadege Gitego
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Craig J Thomas
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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733
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Metabolic pathways in T cell activation and lineage differentiation. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:514-524. [PMID: 27825556 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism support the concept that fundamental processes in T cell biology, such as TCR-mediated activation and T helper lineage differentiation, are closely linked to changes in the cellular metabolic programs. Although the major task of the intermediate metabolism is to provide the cell with a constant supply of energy and molecular precursors for the production of biomolecules, the dynamic regulation of metabolic pathways also plays an active role in shaping T cell responses. Key metabolic processes such as glycolysis, fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolism are now recognized as crucial players in T cell activation and differentiation, and their modulation can differentially affect the development of T helper cell lineages. In this review, we describe the diverse metabolic processes that T cells engage during their life cycle from naïve towards effector and memory T cells. We consider in particular how the cellular metabolism may actively support the function of T cells in their different states. Moreover, we discuss how molecular regulators such as mTOR or AMPK link environmental changes to adaptations in the cellular metabolism and elucidate the consequences on T cell differentiation and function.
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734
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Sullivan LB, Gui DY, Vander Heiden MG. Altered metabolite levels in cancer: implications for tumour biology and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2016; 16:680-693. [PMID: 27658530 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2016.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altered cell metabolism is a characteristic feature of many cancers. Aside from well-described changes in nutrient consumption and waste excretion, altered cancer cell metabolism also results in changes to intracellular metabolite concentrations. Increased levels of metabolites that result directly from genetic mutations and cancer-associated modifications in protein expression can promote cancer initiation and progression. Changes in the levels of specific metabolites, such as 2-hydroxyglutarate, fumarate, succinate, aspartate and reactive oxygen species, can result in altered cell signalling, enzyme activity and/or metabolic flux. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms that lead to changes in metabolite concentrations in cancer cells, the consequences of these changes for the cells and how they might be exploited to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Sullivan
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dan Y Gui
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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735
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Shah YM, Lyssiotis CA. Mitochondrial Amino Acid Metabolism Provides Vulnerabilities in Mutant KRAS-Driven Cancers. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:798-801. [PMID: 27713037 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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736
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Wong CC, Qian Y, Li X, Xu J, Kang W, Tong JH, To KF, Jin Y, Li W, Chen H, Go MYY, Wu JL, Cheng KW, Ng SSM, Sung JJY, Cai Z, Yu J. SLC25A22 Promotes Proliferation and Survival of Colorectal Cancer Cells With KRAS Mutations and Xenograft Tumor Progression in Mice via Intracellular Synthesis of Aspartate. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:945-960.e6. [PMID: 27451147 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Many colorectal cancer (CRC) cells contain mutations in KRAS. Analyses of CRC cells with mutations in APC or CTNNB1 and KRAS identified SLC25A22, which encodes mitochondrial glutamate transporter, as a synthetic lethal gene. We investigated the functions of SLC25A22 in CRC cells with mutations in KRAS. METHODS We measured levels of SLC25A22 messenger RNA and protein in paired tumor and nontumor colon tissues collected from 130 patients in Hong Kong and 17 patients in China and compared protein levels with patient survival times. Expression of SLC25A22 was knocked down in KRAS mutant CRC cell lines (DLD1, HCT116, LOVO, SW480, SW620, and SW1116) and CRC cell lines without mutations in KRAS (CACO-2, COLO205, HT29, and SW48); cells were analyzed for colony formation, proliferation, glutaminolysis and aspartate synthesis, and apoptosis in Matrigel and polymerase chain reaction array analyses. DLD1 and HCT116 cells with SLC25A22 knockdown were grown as xenograft tumors in nude mice; tumor growth and metastasis were measured. SLC25A22 was expressed ectopically in HCT116 cells, which were analyzed in vitro and grown as xenograft tumors in nude mice. RESULTS Levels of SLC25A22 messenger RNA and protein were increased in colorectal tumor tissues compared with matched nontumor colon tissues; increased protein levels were associated with shorter survival times of patients (P = .01). Knockdown of SLC25A22 in KRAS mutant CRC cells reduced their proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and tumor formation and metastasis in mice, compared with cells without SLC25A22 knockdown. Knockdown of SLC25A22 reduced aspartate biosynthesis, leading to apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation in KRAS mutant CRC cells. Incubation of KRAS mutant CRC cells with knockdown of SLC25A22 with aspartate increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis, which required GOT1, indicating that oxaloacetate is required for cell survival. Decreased levels of oxaloacetate in cells with knockdown of SLC25A22 reduced regeneration of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Reduced oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide inhibited glycolysis and decreased levels of adenosine triphosphate, which inactivated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. An increased ratio of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate induced oxidative stress and glutathione oxidation, which suppressed cell proliferation. Asparagine synthetase mediated synthesis of asparagine from aspartate to promote cell migration. CONCLUSIONS SLC25A22 promotes proliferation and migration of CRC cells with mutations KRAS, and formation and metastasis of CRC xenograft tumors in mice. Patients with colorectal tumors that express increased levels of SLC25A22 have shorter survival times than patients whose tumors have lower levels. SLC25A22 induces intracellular synthesis of aspartate, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling and reduces oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yun Qian
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joanna H Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minnie Y Y Go
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ka Wing Cheng
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Simon S M Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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737
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Yin F, Sancheti H, Patil I, Cadenas E. Energy metabolism and inflammation in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:108-122. [PMID: 27154981 PMCID: PMC5094909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high energy demand of the brain renders it sensitive to changes in energy fuel supply and mitochondrial function. Deficits in glucose availability and mitochondrial function are well-known hallmarks of brain aging and are particularly accentuated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. As important cellular sources of H2O2, mitochondrial dysfunction is usually associated with altered redox status. Bioenergetic deficits and chronic oxidative stress are both major contributors to cognitive decline associated with brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroinflammatory changes, including microglial activation and production of inflammatory cytokines, are observed in neurodegenerative diseases and normal aging. The bioenergetic hypothesis advocates for sequential events from metabolic deficits to propagation of neuronal dysfunction, to aging, and to neurodegeneration, while the inflammatory hypothesis supports microglia activation as the driving force for neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, growing evidence suggests that these diverse mechanisms have redox dysregulation as a common denominator and connector. An independent view of the mechanisms underlying brain aging and neurodegeneration is being replaced by one that entails multiple mechanisms coordinating and interacting with each other. This review focuses on the alterations in energy metabolism and inflammatory responses and their connection via redox regulation in normal brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Interaction of these systems is reviewed based on basic research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA.
| | - Harsh Sancheti
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
| | - Ishan Patil
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
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738
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Abstract
Despite advances in metabolite profiling, a full picture of the metabolic landscape of the cell has been limited by sub-cellular compartmentalization, which segregates distinct nutrient pools into membrane-bound organelles. Now, Chen et al. describe methods for overcoming this hurdle and provide a new quantitative picture of the mitochondrial metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Van Vranken
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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739
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Liu Y, Wang X, Leng W, Pi D, Tu Z, Zhu H, Shi H, Li S, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Aspartate inhibits LPS-induced MAFbx and MuRF1 expression in skeletal muscle in weaned pigs by regulating Akt, AMPKα and FOXO1. Innate Immun 2016; 23:34-43. [PMID: 28064564 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916673443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation can result in the rapid loss of muscle mass and myofibrillar proteins (muscle atrophy). In addition, aspartate (Asp) is necessary for protein synthesis in mammalian cells. We hypothesized that Asp could attenuate LPS-induced muscle atrophy in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaning piglets were allotted to four treatments, including non-challenged control, LPS challenged control, LPS+0.5% Asp and LPS+1.0% Asp. On d 21, the piglets were injected with i.p. injection of LPS (100 ug/kg BM) or saline. At 4 h post-injection, blood, gastrocnemius and longissimus dorsi muscles samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. Asp decreased the concentrations of cortisol and glucagon in plasma. In addition, Asp increased protein and RNA contents in muscles, and decreased mRNA expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1). Moreover, Asp decreased phosphorylation of AMPKα but increased phosphorylation of Akt and Forkhead Box O (FOXO) 1 in the muscles. Our results indicate that Asp suppresses LPS-induced MAFbx and MuRF1 expression via activation of Akt signaling, and inhibition of AMPKα and FOXO1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Leng
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingan Pi
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiao Tu
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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740
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Bohovych I, Khalimonchuk O. Sending Out an SOS: Mitochondria as a Signaling Hub. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:109. [PMID: 27790613 PMCID: PMC5061732 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cellular physiology is critically dependent on numerous mitochondrial activities including energy conversion, cofactor and precursor metabolite synthesis, and regulation of ion and redox homeostasis. Advances in mitochondrial research during the last two decades provide solid evidence that these organelles are deeply integrated with the rest of the cell and multiple mechanisms are in place to monitor and communicate functional states of mitochondria. In many cases, however, the exact molecular nature of various mitochondria-to-cell communication pathways is only beginning to emerge. Here, we review various signals emitted by distressed or dysfunctional mitochondria and the stress-responsive pathways activated in response to these signals in order to restore mitochondrial function and promote cellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Bohovych
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmaha, NE, USA
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741
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Fueling the Cell Division Cycle. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:69-81. [PMID: 27746095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is a complex process with high energy demands. However, how cells regulate the generation of energy required for DNA synthesis and chromosome segregation is not well understood. Recent data suggest that changes in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis crosstalk with, and are tightly regulated by, the cell division machinery. Alterations in energy availability trigger cell-cycle checkpoints, suggesting a bidirectional connection between cell division and general metabolism. Some of these connections are altered in human disease, and their manipulation may help in designing therapeutic strategies for specific diseases including cancer. We review here recent studies describing the control of metabolism by the cell-cycle machinery.
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742
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Boukalova S, Stursa J, Werner L, Ezrova Z, Cerny J, Bezawork-Geleta A, Pecinova A, Dong L, Drahota Z, Neuzil J. Mitochondrial Targeting of Metformin Enhances Its Activity against Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2875-2886. [PMID: 27765848 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the hardest-to-treat types of neoplastic diseases. Metformin, a widely prescribed drug against type 2 diabetes mellitus, is being trialed as an agent against pancreatic cancer, although its efficacy is low. With the idea of delivering metformin to its molecular target, the mitochondrial complex I (CI), we tagged the agent with the mitochondrial vector, triphenylphosphonium group. Mitochondrially targeted metformin (MitoMet) was found to kill a panel of pancreatic cancer cells three to four orders of magnitude more efficiently than found for the parental compound. Respiration assessment documented CI as the molecular target for MitoMet, which was corroborated by molecular modeling. MitoMet also efficiently suppressed pancreatic tumors in three mouse models. We propose that the novel mitochondrially targeted agent is clinically highly intriguing, and it has a potential to greatly improve the bleak prospects of patients with pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2875-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepana Boukalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Stursa
- Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Werner
- Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Ezrova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alena Pecinova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lanfeng Dong
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Zdenek Drahota
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia
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743
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Abstract
The resurgence of research into cancer metabolism has recently broadened interests beyond glucose and the Warburg effect to other nutrients, including glutamine. Because oncogenic alterations of metabolism render cancer cells addicted to nutrients, pathways involved in glycolysis or glutaminolysis could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In this Review, we provide an updated overview of glutamine metabolism and its involvement in tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, and explore the recent potential applications of basic science discoveries in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zachary E. Stine
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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744
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TeSlaa T, Chaikovsky AC, Lipchina I, Escobar SL, Hochedlinger K, Huang J, Graeber TG, Braas D, Teitell MA. α-Ketoglutarate Accelerates the Initial Differentiation of Primed Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Metab 2016; 24:485-493. [PMID: 27476976 PMCID: PMC5023506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can self-renew or differentiate from naive or more differentiated, primed, pluripotent states established by specific culture conditions. Increased intracellular α-ketoglutarate (αKG) was shown to favor self-renewal in naive mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The effect of αKG or αKG/succinate levels on differentiation from primed human PSCs (hPSCs) or mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) remains unknown. We examined primed hPSCs and EpiSCs and show that increased αKG or αKG-to-succinate ratios accelerate, and elevated succinate levels delay, primed PSC differentiation. αKG has been shown to inhibit the mitochondrial ATP synthase and to regulate epigenome-modifying dioxygenase enzymes. Mitochondrial uncoupling did not impede αKG-accelerated primed PSC differentiation. Instead, αKG induced, and succinate impaired, global histone and DNA demethylation in primed PSCs. The data support αKG promotion of self-renewal or differentiation depending on the pluripotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara TeSlaa
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrea C Chaikovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Inna Lipchina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sandra L Escobar
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Pediatrics, and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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745
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Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that cellular metabolite levels regulate the activity of signaling pathways, and conversely that signaling pathways affect cellular physiology and growth via metabolic pathways. Thus, metabolism and signaling mutually influence each other. The Company of Biologists' Workshop ‘Metabolism in Development and Disease’ brought together people studying signaling and development with people studying metabolism, particularly in a cancer context. This Meeting Review discusses examples of talks that illustrated this principle.
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746
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Chen WW, Freinkman E, Wang T, Birsoy K, Sabatini DM. Absolute Quantification of Matrix Metabolites Reveals the Dynamics of Mitochondrial Metabolism. Cell 2016; 166:1324-1337.e11. [PMID: 27565352 PMCID: PMC5030821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria house metabolic pathways that impact most aspects of cellular physiology. While metabolite profiling by mass spectrometry is widely applied at the whole-cell level, it is not routinely possible to measure the concentrations of small molecules in mammalian organelles. We describe a method for the rapid and specific isolation of mitochondria and use it in tandem with a database of predicted mitochondrial metabolites ("MITObolome") to measure the matrix concentrations of more than 100 metabolites across various states of respiratory chain (RC) function. Disruption of the RC reveals extensive compartmentalization of mitochondrial metabolism and signatures unique to the inhibition of each RC complex. Pyruvate enables the proliferation of RC-deficient cells but has surprisingly limited effects on matrix contents. Interestingly, despite failing to restore matrix NADH/NAD balance, pyruvate does increase aspartate, likely through the exchange of matrix glutamate for cytosolic aspartate. We demonstrate the value of mitochondrial metabolite profiling and describe a strategy applicable to other organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter W Chen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elizaveta Freinkman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tim Wang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kıvanç Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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747
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Bertero T, Oldham WM, Cottrill KA, Pisano S, Vanderpool RR, Yu Q, Zhao J, Tai Y, Tang Y, Zhang YY, Rehman S, Sugahara M, Qi Z, Gorcsan J, Vargas SO, Saggar R, Saggar R, Wallace WD, Ross DJ, Haley KJ, Waxman AB, Parikh VN, De Marco T, Hsue PY, Morris A, Simon MA, Norris KA, Gaggioli C, Loscalzo J, Fessel J, Chan SY. Vascular stiffness mechanoactivates YAP/TAZ-dependent glutaminolysis to drive pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3313-35. [PMID: 27548520 DOI: 10.1172/jci86387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of vascular stiffness and cellular metabolism occurs early in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the mechanisms by which biophysical properties of the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) relate to metabolic processes important in PH remain undefined. In this work, we examined cultured pulmonary vascular cells and various types of PH-diseased lung tissue and determined that ECM stiffening resulted in mechanoactivation of the transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ (WWTR1). YAP/TAZ activation modulated metabolic enzymes, including glutaminase (GLS1), to coordinate glutaminolysis and glycolysis. Glutaminolysis, an anaplerotic pathway, replenished aspartate for anabolic biosynthesis, which was critical for sustaining proliferation and migration within stiff ECM. In vitro, GLS1 inhibition blocked aspartate production and reprogrammed cellular proliferation pathways, while application of aspartate restored proliferation. In the monocrotaline rat model of PH, pharmacologic modulation of pulmonary vascular stiffness and YAP-dependent mechanotransduction altered glutaminolysis, pulmonary vascular proliferation, and manifestations of PH. Additionally, pharmacologic targeting of GLS1 in this model ameliorated disease progression. Notably, evaluation of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected nonhuman primates and HIV-infected subjects revealed a correlation between YAP/TAZ-GLS activation and PH. These results indicate that ECM stiffening sustains vascular cell growth and migration through YAP/TAZ-dependent glutaminolysis and anaplerosis, and thereby link mechanical stimuli to dysregulated vascular metabolism. Furthermore, this study identifies potential metabolic drug targets for therapeutic development in PH.
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748
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Keibler MA, Wasylenko TM, Kelleher JK, Iliopoulos O, Vander Heiden MG, Stephanopoulos G. Metabolic requirements for cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Metab 2016; 4:16. [PMID: 27540483 PMCID: PMC4989334 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-016-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study of cancer metabolism has been largely dedicated to exploring the hypothesis that oncogenic transformation rewires cellular metabolism to sustain elevated rates of growth and division. Intense examination of tumors and cancer cell lines has confirmed that many cancer-associated metabolic phenotypes allow robust growth and survival; however, little attention has been given to explicitly identifying the biochemical requirements for cell proliferation in a rigorous manner in the context of cancer metabolism. Results Using a well-studied hybridoma line as a model, we comprehensively and quantitatively enumerate the metabolic requirements for generating new biomass in mammalian cells; this indicated a large biosynthetic requirement for ATP, NADPH, NAD+, acetyl-CoA, and amino acids. Extension of this approach to serine/glycine and glutamine metabolic pathways suggested lower limits on serine and glycine catabolism to supply one-carbon unit synthesis and significant availability of glutamine-derived carbon for biosynthesis resulting from nitrogen demands alone, respectively. We integrated our biomass composition results into a flux balance analysis model, placing upper bounds on mitochondrial NADH oxidation to simulate metformin treatment; these simulations reproduced several empirically observed metabolic phenotypes, including increased reductive isocitrate dehydrogenase flux. Conclusions Our analysis clarifies the differential needs for central carbon metabolism precursors, glutamine-derived nitrogen, and cofactors such as ATP, NADPH, and NAD+, while also providing justification for various extracellular nutrient uptake behaviors observed in tumors. Collectively, these results demonstrate how stoichiometric considerations alone can successfully predict empirically observed phenotypes and provide insight into biochemical dynamics that underlie responses to metabolic perturbations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40170-016-0156-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Keibler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Thomas M Wasylenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ; Current Address: Late Stage Process Development, Sanofi Genzyme, 31 New York Ave, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 USA
| | - Joanne K Kelleher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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749
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Guo JY, Teng X, Laddha SV, Ma S, Van Nostrand SC, Yang Y, Khor S, Chan CS, Rabinowitz JD, White E. Autophagy provides metabolic substrates to maintain energy charge and nucleotide pools in Ras-driven lung cancer cells. Genes Dev 2016; 30:1704-17. [PMID: 27516533 PMCID: PMC5002976 DOI: 10.1101/gad.283416.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Here, Guo et al. investigate how autophagy maintains mitochondrial function in Ras-driven cancer cells and why autophagy is critical for their survival in starvation. By analyzing mitochondrial genomes from Atg7 wild-type and Atg7-deficient Kras-driven lung tumors, the authors demonstrated that autophagy supports nucleotide pools, which enables survival of Ras-driven cancer cells in starvation. Autophagy degrades and is thought to recycle proteins, other macromolecules, and organelles. In genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) for Kras-driven lung cancer, autophagy prevents the accumulation of defective mitochondria and promotes malignancy. Autophagy-deficient tumor-derived cell lines are respiration-impaired and starvation-sensitive. However, to what extent their sensitivity to starvation arises from defective mitochondria or an impaired supply of metabolic substrates remains unclear. Here, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of wild-type or autophagy-deficient (Atg7−/−) Kras-driven lung tumors. Although Atg7 deletion resulted in increased mitochondrial mutations, there were too few nonsynonymous mutations to cause generalized mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, pulse-chase studies with isotope-labeled nutrients revealed impaired mitochondrial substrate supply during starvation of the autophagy-deficient cells. This was associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), lower energy charge, and a dramatic drop in total nucleotide pools. While starvation survival of the autophagy-deficient cells was not rescued by the general antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine, it was fully rescued by glutamine or glutamate (both amino acids that feed the TCA cycle and nucleotide synthesis) or nucleosides. Thus, maintenance of nucleotide pools is a critical challenge for starving Kras-driven tumor cells. By providing bioenergetic and biosynthetic substrates, autophagy supports nucleotide pools and thereby starvation survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA; Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Xin Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Saurabh V Laddha
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Sirui Ma
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | | | - Yang Yang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Sinan Khor
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Chang S Chan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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750
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Izreig S, Samborska B, Johnson R, Sergushichev A, Ma E, Lussier C, Loginicheva E, Donayo A, Poffenberger M, Sagan S, Vincent E, Artyomov M, Duchaine T, Jones R. The miR-17 ∼ 92 microRNA Cluster Is a Global Regulator of Tumor Metabolism. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1915-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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