701
|
Zhang ZD, Milman S, Lin JR, Wierbowski S, Yu H, Barzilai N, Gorbunova V, Ladiges WC, Niedernhofer LJ, Suh Y, Robbins PD, Vijg J. Genetics of extreme human longevity to guide drug discovery for healthy ageing. Nat Metab 2020; 2:663-672. [PMID: 32719537 PMCID: PMC7912776 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the greatest risk factor for most common chronic human diseases, and it therefore is a logical target for developing interventions to prevent, mitigate or reverse multiple age-related morbidities. Over the past two decades, genetic and pharmacologic interventions targeting conserved pathways of growth and metabolism have consistently led to substantial extension of the lifespan and healthspan in model organisms as diverse as nematodes, flies and mice. Recent genetic analysis of long-lived individuals is revealing common and rare variants enriched in these same conserved pathways that significantly correlate with longevity. In this Perspective, we summarize recent insights into the genetics of extreme human longevity and propose the use of this rare phenotype to identify genetic variants as molecular targets for gaining insight into the physiology of healthy ageing and the development of new therapies to extend the human healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong D Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jhih-Rong Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shayne Wierbowski
- Department of Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Warren C Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Single-Cell Omics in Aging and Disease, School of Public Health, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
702
|
Porcu M, Mannelli L, Melis M, Suri JS, Gerosa C, Cerrone G, Defazio G, Faa G, Saba L. Carotid plaque imaging profiling in subjects with risk factors (diabetes and hypertension). Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1005-1018. [PMID: 32968657 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2020.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) due to the presence of atherosclerotic plaque (AP) is a frequent medical condition and a known risk factor for stroke, and it is also known from literature that several risk factors promote the AP development, in particular aging, smoke, male sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoke, diabetes type 1 and 2, and genetic factors. The study of carotid atherosclerosis is continuously evolving: even if the strategies of treatment still depends mainly on the degree of stenosis (DoS) determined by the plaque, in the last years the attention has moved to the study of the plaque components in order to identify the so called "vulnerable" plaque: features like the fibrous cap status and thickness, the volume of the lipid-rich necrotic core and the presence of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) are risk factors for plaque rupture, that can be studied with modern imaging techniques. The aim of this review is to give a general overview of the principle histological and imaging features of the subcomponent of carotid AP (CAP), focalizing in particular on the features of CAP of patients affected by hypertension and diabetes (in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Marta Melis
- Department of Neurology, AOU of Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, California, USA
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Department of Pathology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerrone
- Department of Pathology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Defazio
- Department of Neurology, AOU of Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
703
|
Ermogenous C, Green C, Jackson T, Ferguson M, Lord JM. Treating age-related multimorbidity: the drug discovery challenge. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1403-1415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
704
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have excess cardiovascular risk and reduced life expectancy. Adolescence is the time when the first signs of vascular complications appear and a critical window for interventions. This article reviews recent evidence on cardiometabolic risk factors and their management in youth with T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Adolescents with T1D show early signs of vascular complications, as a result of several cardiometabolic risk factors. Poor glycemic control is one of the main risk factors and the main target of treatment. However, only a minority of adolescents with T1D reaches recommended targets for glycemic control. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol use, obesity and insulin resistance are other common cardiometabolic risk factors in this age group. Recent data confirm that screening for these risk factors is suboptimal and use of pharmacological interventions for hypertension and dyslipidemia remains low. Data on adjunctive noninsulin agents to improve glycemic control and other cardiometabolic risk factors are still lacking in this age group. SUMMARY Vascular complications and the associated mortality remain a major issue for youth with T1D. Better screening strategies for cardiometabolic risk factors and interventions are required to improve the long-term prognosis of youth with T1D.
Collapse
|
705
|
Su X, Xu Y, Tan Z, Wang X, Yang P, Su Y, Jiang Y, Qin S, Shang L. Prediction for cardiovascular diseases based on laboratory data: An analysis of random forest model. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23421. [PMID: 32725839 PMCID: PMC7521325 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To establish a prediction model for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the general population based on random forests. Methods A retrospective study involving 498 subjects was conducted in Xi'an Medical University between 2011 and 2018. The random forest algorithm was used to screen out the variables that greatly affected the CVD prediction and to establish a prediction model. The important variables were included in the multifactorial logistic regression analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was compared between logistic regression model and random forest model. Results The random forest model revealed the variables, including the age, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC), waist circumference, and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), were more significant for CVD prediction; the AUC was 0.802 in CVD prediction. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors for CVD included the age [odds ratio (OR): 1.14, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.10‐1.17, P < .001], BMI (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.20, P < .001), TG (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.22, P = .023), and DBP (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.06, P = .001); the AUC was 0.843 in CVD prediction. The established logistic regression prediction model was Logit P = Log[P/(1 − P)] = −11.47 + 0.13 × age + 0.12 × BMI + 0.11 × TG + 0.04 × DBP; P = 1/[1 + exp(−Logit P)]. People were prone to develop CVD at the time of P > .51. Conclusions A prediction model for CVD is developed in the general population based on random forests, which provides a simple tool for the early prediction of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Su
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Health Management, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongyong Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yani Su
- Data Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- School of Health Management, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijia Qin
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
706
|
Anık A, Çelik E, Çevik Ö, Ünüvar T, Anık A. The relation of serum endocan and soluble endoglin levels with metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:/j/jpem.ahead-of-print/jpem-2020-0146/jpem-2020-0146.xml. [PMID: 32697760 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of vascular disease in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In the present study, we aimed to investigate serum endocan and soluble endoglin (S-endoglin) levels, and their relation with metabolic control in children with T1DM, which was not previously assessed. Methods A total of 64 T1DM subjects and 64 healthy subjects were included in this study. Their anthropometric features, arterial blood pressures, pubertal status, insulin doses were recorded. Glycated hemoglobin, serum endocan and S-endoglin levels were measured and compared to each other. Results Serum endocan and S-endoglin levels were higher in children with T1DM than those of healthy group (p<0.01). Significant positive correlation was detected between both endocan and S-endoglin (r=0.579, p<0.001); and HbA1c and endocan (r=0.296, p=0.01). Compared to patients with good metabolic control, those with poorer metabolic control (HbA1c > 8%) had an older age, longer duration of diabetes, higher number of pubertal children. Also, patients with poorer metabolic control had higher endocan and S-endoglin levels than those of healthy group, but this finding did not reach statistical significance. There was no correlation between the endocan/S-endoglin levels and age, duration of diabetes and insulin dose. Conclusion Serum levels of endocan and S-endoglin which are novel biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction are high in children with T1DM. Elevated serum endocan and endoglin levels in children with T1DM without microvascular complications indicates endothelial damage in very early stages of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Anık
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Elif Çelik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Tolga Ünüvar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Anık
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
707
|
Saxon DR, Reiter-Brennan C, Blaha MJ, Eckel RH. Cardiometabolic Medicine: Development of a New Subspecialty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5837134. [PMID: 32407515 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The worldwide rise in the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease, and the introduction of therapeutic options for treating metabolic disease that also lower cardiovascular risk, calls for a restructuring of how we care for patients with cardiometabolic disease. We propose establishment of a new medicine subspecialty, Cardiometabolic Medicine. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This summary is based on a synthesis of published original and review articles identified through PubMed, professional society guidelines, and the authors' knowledge of the fields of metabolism, diabetes, and cardiology. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The growing prevalence of cardiometabolic disease will continue to be perhaps the greatest challenge in the United States and throughout the world. We have entered an era where a large set of clinical tools are available that help prevent and treat cardiometabolic disease; however, our old models of clinical training and siloed care are barriers to rapid uptake and efficient healthcare delivery and are in need of change. CONCLUSIONS Establishing the field of Cardiometabolic Medicine would be a small step in the right direction towards providing the best possible comprehensive care for those with complex cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Saxon
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Endocrinology, Rocky Mountain Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cara Reiter-Brennan
- Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Division of Cardiology, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
708
|
AbdelMassih AF, AbdelAzeam AS, Ayad A, Kamel AY, Khalil A, Kotb B, Waheed D, Menshawey E, Sefein F, Taha F, Ismail HA, Osman I, Iskander J, El Wakil L, Rashad L, Arsanyous MB, El Shershaby M, Mansour M, Ashraf M, Hafez N, Abuzeid NM, AbdElSalam NMN, Hafez NG, Youssef N, Hozaien R, Saeed R, Kamel D, AbdelHameed MA, Ali S. Unleashing the mysterious link between COVID-19 and a famous childhood vasculitis: Kawasaki disease. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7358563 DOI: 10.1186/s43054-020-00029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a small outbreak in Wuhan rapidly progressing into the deadliest pandemic since the Spanish flu of 1918. The disease was deemed trivial in children, until the reporting, few days ago, of an emerging pediatric multi-inflammatory syndrome mimicking Kawasaki disease (KD). Main body This report reveals that coronaviridae were implicated in induction of several post-infectious vasculitides, namely, KD, AHEI, and HSP. This occurs in genetically susceptible individuals to vascular inflammation. Shared genetic susceptibilities between KD and CoV include genes encoding for CD 40, HLAB-15:03, and ACE. This leads to augmented inflammation with hypersecretion of cytokines especially IL-6. Conclusion The revealed relationships between KD and CoV can help to predict the risk of KD in COVID-19 patients through screening levels of upregulated cytokines. It might also signify that classic treatment of KD with IVIG might need to be replaced with anti-cytokine therapy in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
|
709
|
Ohara T, Furuta Y, Hirabayashi N, Hata J, Hirakawa Y, Honda T, Yoshida D, Shibata M, Kitazono T, Ninomiya T. Elevated serum glycated albumin and glycated albumin : hemoglobin A 1c ratio were associated with hippocampal atrophy in a general elderly population of Japanese: The Hisayama Study. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:971-979. [PMID: 31999889 PMCID: PMC7378434 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To investigate the association of alternative glycemic measures - namely, serum glycated albumin (GA), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) and the GA : HbA1c ratio - with global brain and hippocampal atrophy in a general elderly Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1,278 Japanese individuals aged ≥65 years in a community participated in brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning and screening examination of health status in 2012. We measured total brain volume (TBV), hippocampal volume (HV) and intracranial volume (ICV) using the data from the magnetic resonance imaging examination. The association of each glycemic measure with the ratios of TBV : ICV (an indicator of global brain atrophy) and HV : ICV (an indicator of hippocampal atrophy) was examined by analysis of covariance. RESULTS The mean values of the TBV : ICV and HV : ICV ratios decreased significantly with elevating serum GA levels and GA : HbA1c ratio levels (all P for trend < 0.05), but not with higher HbA1c levels, after adjusting for age, sex, low education, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, diabetes mellitus, serum total cholesterol, electrocardiogram abnormalities, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol drinking habits and regular exercise. These significant associations were still observed in the sensitivity analysis after excluding individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. In addition, increased serum GA levels and the GA : HbA1c ratio levels, but not HbA1c , were closely associated with lower mean values of the TBV : ICV and HV : ICV ratios, irrespective of the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that higher serum GA and higher GA : HbA1c ratio are significantly associated with global brain and hippocampal atrophy.
Collapse
Grants
- JP19dk0207025 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP19ek0210080 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP19ek0210082 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP19ek0210083 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP19fk0108075 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP19km0405202 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- H29-Junkankitou-Ippan-003 Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
- H30-Shokuhin-[Sitei]-005 Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
- JP16H02692 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP16H05850 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP17H04126 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP17K01853 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP17K09113 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP17K09114 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP18H02737 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP18K07565 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP18K09412 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP18K17382 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP18K17925 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- JP19K07890 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of NeuropsychiatryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Naoki Hirabayashi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Psychosomatic MedicineGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Center for Cohort StudiesGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Daigo Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Psychosomatic MedicineGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Center for Cohort StudiesGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Center for Cohort StudiesGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Center for Cohort StudiesGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
710
|
Targeting foam cell formation and macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis: The Therapeutic potential of rhubarb. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110433. [PMID: 32768936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, is characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the arterial wall. It has long been acknowledged that the formation of foam cells is caused by excess lipid uptake and abnormal cholesterol metabolism function. And increasing evidence shows that inhibiting foam cell formation is a promising way to suppress the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In addition to excess foam cells accumulation, inflammation is another major contributor of atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, macrophage polarization has been demonstrated to play a vital role in the regulation of inflammatory response. Generally, macrophages mainly polarized into two phenotypes: either classically activated pro-inflammatory M1 or alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2. And targeting macrophage polarization has been considered as a feasible approach to prevent the development of atherosclerosis. At present, the anti-atherosclerosis drugs mainly classified into two types: lipid-lowering drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs. A large part of those drugs belong to western medicine, and various side effects are unavoidable. Interestingly, in recent years, Traditional Chinese medicine has attracted growing attention because of its good efficacy and low negative effects. Rhubarb (called Da Huang in Chinese) is a famous folk medicine with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, such as lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we summarized current findings about the regulatory effects of Rhubarb on foam cell formation and macrophage polarization, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action that have been revealed during the past two decades, to better understand its pivotal role in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
711
|
Nahmias A, Stahel P, Xiao C, Lewis GF. Glycemia and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring the Gap Between Risk Marker and Risk Factor. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:100. [PMID: 32582769 PMCID: PMC7296136 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is consistent, unequivocal and reproducible epidemiological evidence derived from diverse populations that various indices of glycemia (fasting plasma glucose, post-prandial or post oral glucose challenge plasma glucose, HbA1c) are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), even in the prediabetic state. Furthermore, there is abundant experimental evidence demonstrating that hyperglycemia per se accelerates and aggravates the atherosclerotic process, providing biological plausibility to the concept that hyperglycemia is causally related or a true risk factor for ASCVD. Two studies in particular, DCCT and UKPDS, that enrolled a younger cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes or an older cohort with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, respectively, showed trends toward a reduction in ASCVD. The reductions in ASCVD reached statistical significance only after prolonged follow up, and when differences in HbA1c were no longer maintained (referred to by some as a “legacy effect”). More recent studies in those with established type 2 diabetes, in which glycemic control was improved by a variety of strategies, failed to demonstrate reductions in ASCVD. The gap in evidence supporting hyperglycemia as a true causative risk factor for ASCVD or simply a risk marker for some other confounding causative factor is discussed in this review. We conclude that hyperglycemia does appear to be at least partially causative of ASCVD (i.e., an ASCVD risk factor). We discuss how this evidence can be incorporated into an overall therapeutic strategy to prevent ASCVD in those with prediabetes and established diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avital Nahmias
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Priska Stahel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Changting Xiao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
712
|
Mathematical Modeling of RNA Virus Sensing Pathways Reveals Paracrine Signaling as the Primary Factor Regulating Excessive Cytokine Production. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses, such as influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), invoke excessive immune responses; however, the kinetics that regulate inflammatory responses within infected cells remain unresolved. Here, we develop a mathematical model of the RNA virus sensing pathways, to determine the intracellular events that primarily regulate interferon, an important protein for the activation and management of inflammation. Within the ordinary differential equation (ODE) model, we incorporate viral replication, cell death, interferon stimulated genes’ antagonistic effects on viral replication, and virus sensor protein (TLR and RIG-I) kinetics. The model is parameterized to influenza infection data using Markov chain Monte Carlo and then validated against infection data from an NS1 knockout strain of influenza, demonstrating that RIG-I antagonism significantly alters cytokine signaling trajectory. Global sensitivity analysis suggests that paracrine signaling is responsible for the majority of cytokine production, suggesting that rapid cytokine production may be best managed by influencing extracellular cytokine levels. As most of the model kinetics are host cell specific and not virus specific, the model presented provides an important step to modeling the intracellular immune dynamics of many RNA viruses, including the viruses responsible for SARS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).
Collapse
|
713
|
Promising roles of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure prevention and treatment. Diabetol Int 2020; 11:252-260. [PMID: 32802706 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-020-00445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, successive reports have been made on large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials using novel hypoglycemic drugs. Their results have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are hypoglycemic drugs that could potentially greatly improve the heart failure-related outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with a high cardiovascular risk. Further analyses have subsequently been performed from various perspectives, and SGLT2 inhibitors with their class effect have been indicated to be potentially useful for heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients with extensive clinical background. As a result, a clear concept has globally emerged with SGLT2 inhibitors as drugs of choice in clinical practice to prevent heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients. Further studies are needed to examine the next research topics on heart failure prevention using SGLT2 inhibitors, including their detailed pharmacological mechanism of action and their effectiveness and safety against heart failure in patients regardless of diabetes status. This paper outlines (1) the current evidence of heart failure prevention by SGLT2 inhibitors based on the results of recent large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials and (2) future research topics on their further applications in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
714
|
Partridge L, Fuentealba M, Kennedy BK. The quest to slow ageing through drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:513-532. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
715
|
Błaszkowska M, Shalimova A, Wolnik B, Orłowska-Kunikowska E, Graff B, Hoffmann M, Nilsson P, Wolf J, Narkiewicz K. Subclinical macroangiopathic target organ damage in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Blood Press 2020; 29:344-356. [PMID: 32460564 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1770054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have summarized key studies regarding the assessment of subclinical macroangiopathic target organ damage (TOD) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). RESULTS Although chronic complications resulting from hyperglycemia, in particular macroangiopathies, are still the first cause of death in T1DM, there has been growing recognition of the role of hypoglycemia in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Subclinical TOD diagnosis ensures early implementation of the complex management aiming at either partial reversal of these complications or at least its downturn. To better identify patients with early TODs, several non-invasive diagnostic techniques are employed, including the ultrasonographic assessment of the intima-media thickness (IMT), computed tomography (CT) for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement for arterial stiffness evaluation. Various studies reported that T1DM patients present an increased IMT. An increasing IMT fairly correlates with the cardiovascular (CV) events risk even after the adjustment to age, diabetes duration, quality of glucose control as well as the presence of hypertension, and chronic complications. Another, well established marker of the organ damage - CAC score is recommended by ACC/AHA guidelines to assess the overall CV risk in T1DM. Also, the arterial stiffness evaluation with PWV may further improve CV risk prediction, which has been reported in multiple studies including the Framingham Heart Study. CONCLUSIONS There is shortage of data from prospective studies which could confirm the benefits of early treatment initiation based on the presence of the subclinical organ damage in T1DM. Most evidence comes from T2DM trials, where effective preventive measures were identified i.e.: smoking cessation, reasonable blood glucose control, efficacious hypertension treatment, and dyslipidemia management, as well as renoprotection. There is still a field for further research to see if routine assessment of asymptomatic vascular damage and early implementation of aggressive treatment would reduce mortality excess from CVD in T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Błaszkowska
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Shalimova
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Internal Medicine N1, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Bogumił Wolnik
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Beata Graff
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Hoffmann
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jacek Wolf
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Medicine, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
716
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 84945, USA; The Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
717
|
Zhang P, Wang AP, Yang HP, Ai L, Zhang HJ, Wang YM, Bi YL, Fan HH, Gao J, Zhang HY, Liu JZ. Apelin-13 attenuates high glucose-induced calcification of MOVAS cells by regulating MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways and ROS-mediated signals. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110271. [PMID: 32450527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an inducement of many cardiovascular diseases. Clinic evidences have confirmed that diabetes was the independent risk factor for VC, and the mechanism has not been well explored. Apelin as a ligand molecule is widely found in the cardiovascular system and showed potential in inhibiting VC, but the inhibitory effect and mechanism of apelin-13 against high glucose-induced VC have not been investigated yet. Herein, apelin-13 was employed to inhibit high glucose-induced VC in mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS), and the underlying mechanism was explored. The results showed that apelin-13 significantly inhibited high glucose-induced cells proliferation, migration and invasion of MOVAS cells. Apelin-13 also effectively attenuated high glucose-induced calcification by inhibiting alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression. Further investigation revealed that apelin-13 dramatically suppressed high glucose-induced DNA damage through inhibiting reactive oxide species (ROS) generation. Moreover, apelin-13 also effectively improved high glucose-induced dysfunction of MAPKs and PI3K/AKT. Inhibition of ERK by inhibitor (U0126) significantly blocked high glucose-induced calcification, which further confirmed the significance of MAPKs. Taken together, these results suggested that apelin-13 had the potential to attenuate high glucose-induced calcification of MOVAS cells by inhibiting ROS-mediated DNA damage and regulating MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways. Our findings validated the strategy of using apelin-13 maybe a novel way in treating high glucose-mediated VC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Hong-Peng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Lei Ai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taishan Coal Sanitarium of Shandong, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Hong-Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Yong-Mei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yan-Ling Bi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Huai-Hai Fan
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Huan-Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Jian-Zhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
718
|
Clinical presentation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: evaluation of usual and unusual symptoms. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2020; 9:153-158. [PMID: 33225230 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Clinical presentation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia may vary from asymptomatic occurrence or mild perception of palpitation to severe chest pain or syncope. This variation is the most challenging issue in the diagnostic evaluation of rhythm disturbances and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia as well. This study sought to evaluate the symptoms during the tachycardia attack or index event in patients who underwent electrophysiological study and ablation procedure. Methods This retrospective study included 100 consecutive patients who underwent electrophysiological study and ablation procedures due to supraventricular tachycardia. Structural heart disease, moderate/severe valvular pathology, systemic pathologies, such as connective tissue disease and chronic obstructive lung disease, history of pacemaker implantation was defined as exclusion criteria. In addition, medically managed patients and patients with unsuccessful ablation were not included in the study. Results Palpitation was the most frequently observed symptom in 84% of patients, followed by chest pain in 47%, dyspnea in 38%, syncope 26%, lightheadedness in 19%, and sweating in 18% of the patients. The most common symptoms after tachycardia event were fatigue and lightheadedness with frequencies of 56% and 55%, respectively. Forty-five percent of the patients reported more than one, unusually frequent urination within the following 1-3 hours after the index event. Conclusions Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia might manifest itself as gastrointestinal, neurological, psychosomatic symptoms, and unusual complaints in association with or without main symptoms, including palpitation, chest pain, syncope, and dyspnea. Symptoms after tachycardia or index event should be questioned systematically.
Collapse
|
719
|
Mszar R, Grandhi GR, Valero-Elizondo J, Caraballo C, Khera R, Desai N, Virani SS, Blankstein R, Blaha MJ, Nasir K. Cumulative Burden of Financial Hardship From Medical Bills Across the Spectrum of Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Among Non-Elderly Adults in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015523. [PMID: 32394783 PMCID: PMC7660844 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has a strong association with diabetes mellitus (DM), accounting for approximately two thirds of deaths in this patient population. Many individuals with ASCVD and DM are vulnerable to financial hardship associated with treatment-related expenses. Therefore, we examined the burden of financial hardship from medical bills across the spectrum of ASCVD status with and without DM. Methods and Results Using data from the National Health Interview Survey from 2013 to 2017, we used logistic regression analysis to examine the association of ASCVD and DM status with financial hardship and an inability to pay medical bills from a representative sample of non-elderly adults in the United States. Our study population consisted of 121 672 individuals. Approximately 3.1% of the weighted population had ASCVD, 5.6% had DM, and 1.3% had both ASCVD and DM. Nearly 50% of individuals with ASCVD and DM reported financial hardship from medical bills (23% being unable to pay medical bills at all), whereas ≈28% of those with neither ASCVD nor DM reported financial hardship from medical bills (8% being unable to pay medical bills at all). Individuals with concurrent ASCVD and DM had the highest relative odds of expressing an inability to pay at all when compared with those with neither condition (odds ratio, 2.69; 95% CI, 2.21-3.28). Conclusions Individuals with concurrent ASCVD and DM are at a disproportionately high risk of being unable to pay their medical bills. The findings provide strong evidence for developing more effective public health policies that protect vulnerable populations from financial hardship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reed Mszar
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale School of Public Health New Haven CT.,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale New Haven Health New Haven CT
| | | | - Javier Valero-Elizondo
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center Houston TX
| | - César Caraballo
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale New Haven Health New Haven CT
| | - Rohan Khera
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Nihar Desai
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Salim S Virani
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | | | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Baltimore MD
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center Houston TX
| |
Collapse
|
720
|
Blümel JE, Arteaga E, Aedo S, Arriola-Montenegro J, López M, Martino M, Miranda C, Miranda O, Mostajo D, Ñañez M, Ojeda E, Pilnik S, Rojas J, Salinas C, Sosa L, Spritzer PM, Tserotas K, Vallejo MS, Belardo A, Fighera TM, Chedraui P. Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis in adult women independent of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. REDLINC IX study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:421-425. [PMID: 31994945 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1718092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin may decrease cell senescence, including bone; hence we aimed at evaluating the association between metformin use and osteoporosis. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 1259 Latin American adult women aged 40 or more who were not on anti-osteoporotic drugs, were on metformin and had a bone densitometry performed. Of the whole sample, 40.3% reported being on metformin (at least 1 year), 30.2% had type 2 diabetes mellitus and 22.6% had osteoporosis. Median (interquartile range) body mass index (BMI) for the whole cohort was 27.7 (4.6) kg/m2 and 30.2% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current use of hormone therapy, calcium, and vitamin D corresponded respectively to 10.7%, 47.7%, and 43.1% of all surveyed women. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of osteoporosis with various covariates incorporated into the model such as age (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.09), BMI (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.96) and metformin use (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.32-0.59). Metformin use, regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes or obesity, was associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis in adult women. We propose that one explanation for this observation could be the effect of the drug over cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Blümel
- Departamento de Medicina Interna Sur, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Eugenio Arteaga
- Departamento de Endocrinología and CETREN, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Sócrates Aedo
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Marcela López
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Militar, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mabel Martino
- Red Latinoamericana de Investigación en Climaterio, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | - Desireé Mostajo
- Red Latinoamericana de Investigación en Climaterio, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Mónica Ñañez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliana Ojeda
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad Andina del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | | | - José Rojas
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Lida Sosa
- Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Poli M Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Konstantinos Tserotas
- Departamento de Gineco-Obstetricia, Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid de la Caja del Seguro Social de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - María S Vallejo
- Clínica Quilín, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Alejandra Belardo
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tayane M Fighera
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Peter Chedraui
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica 'Nuestra Señora de la Asunción', Asunción, Paraguay
| |
Collapse
|
721
|
Green HLH, Brewer AC. Dysregulation of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases by hyperglycaemia: does this link diabetes and vascular disease? Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:59. [PMID: 32345373 PMCID: PMC7189706 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical, social and economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with diabetes underscores an urgency for understanding the disease aetiology. Evidence suggests that the hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes is, of itself, causal in the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED) which is recognised to be the critical determinant in the development of CVD. It is further recognised that epigenetic modifications associated with changes in gene expression are causal in both the initiation of ED and the progression to CVD. Understanding whether and how hyperglycaemia induces epigenetic modifications therefore seems crucial in the development of preventative treatments. A mechanistic link between energy metabolism and epigenetic regulation is increasingly becoming explored as key energy metabolites typically serve as substrates or co-factors for epigenetic modifying enzymes. Intriguing examples are the ten-eleven translocation and Jumonji C proteins which facilitate the demethylation of DNA and histones respectively. These are members of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily which require the tricarboxylic acid metabolite, α-ketoglutarate and molecular oxygen (O2) as substrates and Fe (II) as a co-factor. An understanding of precisely how the biochemical effects of high glucose exposure impact upon cellular metabolism, O2 availability and cellular redox in endothelial cells (ECs) may therefore elucidate (in part) the mechanistic link between hyperglycaemia and epigenetic modifications causal in ED and CVD. It would also provide significant proof of concept that dysregulation of the epigenetic landscape may be causal rather than consequential in the development of pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L H Green
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Alison C Brewer
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
722
|
Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. Platelet activation and prothrombotic mediators at the nexus of inflammation and atherosclerosis: Potential role of antiplatelet agents. Blood Rev 2020; 45:100694. [PMID: 32340775 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are central to inflammation-related manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, thromboxane A2 (TxA2), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are some of the key agonists of platelet activation that are at the intersection between a plethora of inflammatory pathways that modulate pro-inflammatory and coagulation processes. The aim of this article is to review the role of platelets and the relationship between their structure, function, and the interactions of their constituents in systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Antiplatelet therapies are discussed with a view to primary prevention of CVD by the clinical reduction of platelet reactivity and inflammation. Current antiplatelet therapies are effective in reducing cardiovascular risk but increase bleeding risk. Novel therapeutic antiplatelet approaches beyond current pharmacological modalities that do not increase the risk of bleeding require further investigation. There is potential for specifically designed nutraceuticals that may become safer alternatives to pharmacological antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of CVD but there is serious concern over their efficacy and regulation, which requires considerably more research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA.
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
723
|
Clemente GS, Rickmeier J, Antunes IF, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Dömling A, Ritter T, Elsinga PH. [ 18F]Atorvastatin: synthesis of a potential molecular imaging tool for the assessment of statin-related mechanisms of action. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:34. [PMID: 32296962 PMCID: PMC7158976 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Statins are lipid-lowering agents that inhibit cholesterol synthesis and are clinically used in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, a considerable group of patients does not respond to statin treatment, and the reason for this is still not completely understood. [18F]Atorvastatin, the 18F-labeled version of one of the most widely prescribed statins, may be a useful tool for statin-related research. Results [18F]Atorvastatin was synthesized via an optimized ruthenium-mediated late-stage 18F-deoxyfluorination. The defluoro-hydroxy precursor was produced via Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis and was followed by coordination of the phenol to a ruthenium complex, affording the labeling precursor in approximately 10% overall yield. Optimization and automation of the labeling procedure reliably yielded an injectable solution of [18F]atorvastatin in 19% ± 6% (d.c.) with a molar activity of 65 ± 32 GBq·μmol−1. Incubation of [18F]atorvastatin in human serum did not lead to decomposition. Furthermore, we have shown the ability of [18F]atorvastatin to cross the hepatic cell membrane to the cytosolic and microsomal fractions where HMG-CoA reductase is known to be highly expressed. Blocking assays using rat liver sections confirmed the specific binding to HMG-CoA reductase. Autoradiography on rat aorta stimulated to develop atherosclerotic plaques revealed that [18F]atorvastatin significantly accumulates in this tissue when compared to the healthy model. Conclusions The improved ruthenium-mediated 18F-deoxyfluorination procedure overcomes previous hurdles such as the addition of salt additives, the drying steps, or the use of different solvent mixtures at different phases of the process, which increases its practical use, and may allow faster translation to clinical settings. Based on tissue uptake evaluations, [18F]atorvastatin showed the potential to be used as a tool for the understanding of the mechanism of action of statins. Further knowledge of the in vivo biodistribution of [18F]atorvastatin may help to better understand the origin of off-target effects and potentially allow to distinguish between statin-resistant and non-resistant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo S Clemente
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Inês F Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
724
|
Influence of Changes in Sedentary Time on Outcomes of Supervised Exercise Therapy in Individuals with Comorbid Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 68:369-383. [PMID: 32278867 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although supervised exercise therapy (SET) is effective in improving walking distance among adults with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD), some research suggests that individuals with comorbid PAD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may experience a blunted response to SET. It is unknown whether free-living sedentary time changes during SET, and if increases in sedentary time could, in part, explain poor response to SET. The purposes of this pilot study were to (1) determine if older adults with PAD (with and without T2DM) engaging in SET change their sedentary behavior and (2) examine the relationship between changes in sedentary behavior and SET outcomes. We hypothesized that decreased sedentary time during SET would be associated with greater improvements in six-minute walk test (6MWT) total distance and other key SET outcomes. METHODS Participants (n = 44) initiating a 12-week SET program completed the 6MWT, Short Physical Performance Battery, Walking Impairment Questionnaire, and accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior at SET initiation, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 72.3 (7.1) years, mean ankle-brachial index was 0.71 (0.25), and 47.7% were female. On average, sedentary time did not change after SET, although there was substantial variability (-40% to +38% change in minutes of sedentary time/day). Participants with T2DM experienced greater improvements in claudication onset distance than participants without T2DM (mean = 35 m, P = 0.044, 95% confidence interval = 1.6 to 115.4 m). Neither changes in sedentary time from baseline to 6 weeks (P = 0.419) nor T2DM (P = 0.154) predicted changes in 6MWT total distance from baseline to 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS As SET availability increases, further examination of factors that may influence SET outcomes will help maximize benefits of this proven therapy.
Collapse
|
725
|
Abstract
The discovery that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) mediates a significant proportion of the incretin effect during the postprandial period and the subsequent observation that GLP-1 bioactivity is retained in type 2 diabetes (T2D) led to new therapeutic strategies being developed for T2D treatment based on GLP-1 action. Although owing to its short half-life exogenous GLP-1 has no use therapeutically, GLP-1 mimetics, which have a much longer half-life than native GLP-1, have proven to be effective for T2D treatment since they prolong the incretin effect in patients. These GLP-1 mimetics are a desirable therapeutic option for T2D since they do not provoke hypoglycaemia or weight gain and have simple modes of administration and monitoring. Additionally, over more recent years, GLP-1 action has been found to mediate systemic physiological beneficial effects and this has high clinical relevance due to the post-diagnosis complications of T2D. Indeed, recent studies have found that certain GLP-1 analogue therapies improve the cardiovascular outcomes for people with diabetes. Furthermore, GLP-1-based therapies may enable new therapeutic strategies for diseases that can also arise independently of the clinical manifestation of T2D, such as dementia and Parkinson's disease. GLP-1 functions by binding to its receptor (GLP-1R), which expresses mainly in pancreatic islet beta cells. A better understanding of the mechanisms and signalling pathways by which acute and chronic GLP-1R activation alleviates disease phenotypes and induces desirable physiological responses during healthy conditions will likely lead to the development of new therapeutic GLP-1 mimetic-based therapies, which improve prognosis to a greater extent than current therapies for an array of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Reed
- Institute of Life Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephen C. Bain
- Institute of Life Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
726
|
Lonardo A, Baldelli E. Methodological Tools for Exploring Novel Biopharmaceutical Approaches to the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders : A Commentary on: Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. A Focus on Early Phase Clinical Drug Development, Second Edition. Diabetes Ther 2020; 11:773-777. [PMID: 32146692 PMCID: PMC7136372 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - Enrica Baldelli
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
727
|
Perkins BA. Rethinking Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes: Had We Lost Sight of What Matters Most? Diabetes Care 2020; 43:695-697. [PMID: 32198282 DOI: 10.2337/dci19-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Perkins
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
728
|
Kim JA, Kim J, Roh E, Hong SH, Lee YB, Baik SH, Choi KM, Noh E, Hwang SY, Cho GJ, Yoo HJ. Association of fasting plasma glucose variability with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001084. [PMID: 32327443 PMCID: PMC7202745 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term glycemic variability has recently been recognized as another risk factor for future adverse health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the prepregnancy long-term fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 164 053 women who delivered their first baby between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2015, were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance data. All women underwent at least three national health screening examinations, and the last examination should be conducted within 2 years before their first delivery. GDM was defined as the presence of more than four times of claim of GDM (International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision (ICD-10) O24.4 and O24.9) or prescription of insulin under the ICD-code of GDM. FPG variability was assessed by variability independent of the mean (FPG-VIM), coefficient of variation, SD, and average successive variability. RESULTS Among the 164 053 women, GDM developed in 6627 (4.04%). Those in the higher quartiles of FPG-VIM showed a stepwise increased risk of GDM. In fully adjusted model, the ORs for GDM was 1.22 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.31) in women with the highest FPG-VIM quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile. The risk for GDM requiring insulin therapy was 48% increase in women in the highest quartile of FPG-VIM compared with those in the lowest quartile, while that for GDM not requiring insulin therapy was 19% increase. The association between high FPG variability and the risk of GDM was intensified in the obese and aged more than 35 years women. CONCLUSIONS Increased FPG variability in the prepregnancy state is associated with the risk of GDM independent of confounding factors. Therefore, prepregnancy FPG variability might be a surrogate marker of the risk of GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Kim
- Smart Healthcare Cancer, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Noh
- Smart Healthcare Cancer, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Hwang
- Smart Healthcare Cancer, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
729
|
Commentary: rapamycin for the aging skin. GeroScience 2020; 42:813-815. [PMID: 32227278 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A response is provided to a commentary on a recent study examining the impact of low-dose topical application of rapamycin on markers of aging in the skin. The barriers to clinical implementation of therapies targeting the fundamental aging process are discussed, and the topical study is placed in context with the broader effort to develop new therapeutics for age-related disorders.
Collapse
|
730
|
Kutzler HL, Peters J, O’Sullivan DM, Williamson A, Cheema F, Ebcioglu Z, Einstein M, Rochon C, Ye X, Sheiner P, Singh JU, Sotil EU, Swales C, Serrano OK. Disparities in End-Organ Care for Hispanic Patients with Kidney and Liver Disease: Implications for Access to Transplantation. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-020-00248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
731
|
Zhou J, Zhao X, Xie S, Zhou R. Transcriptome analysis of Klf15‑mediated inhibitory functions in a mouse deep venous thrombosis model. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1735-1752. [PMID: 32186780 PMCID: PMC7169954 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like family (KLF) members are important regulators of proinflammatory activation in the vasculature. A transcriptome study involving RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to investigate Klf15 and Klf15-regulated gene levels in C57BL/6 mice with inferior vena cava thrombi and in control (Blank) mice. A total of 2,206 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1,330 upregulated and 876 downregulated genes, were identified between the deep venous thrombosis (DVT) group and the Blank group. Additionally, 1,041 DEGs (235 upregulated and 806 downregulated) were identified between the Klf15-small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Klf15-negative control (NC) groups. The DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, and qPCR was conducted to validate the results. A total of seven significant DEGs were selected from the RNA-seq results. Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp)12, Mmp13, Mmp19, Arg1, Ccl2, heme oxygenase-1 and Fmo3 levels were significantly higher, while Klf15 levels were lower, in the DVT group than in the Blank group. Fmo3 and Mmp19 have not been previously identified as DVT-associated DEGs. Klf15, Mmp12 and Mmp13 levels were compared between the Klf15-siRNA and Klf15-NC groups. Mmp12 and Mmp13 expression was significantly higher, while that of Klf15 was lower, in the Klf15-siRNA group than in the Klf15-NC group. Critical roles of Klf15, Mmp12 and Mmp13 have been identified, which have not previously been shown to help regulate DVT initiation and progression. Moreover, Klf15-mediated regulation of DVT may be modulated by downregulation of various genes, such as Mmp12 and Mmp13, potentially providing a theoretical foundation and diagnostic criteria for DVT treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Rudan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
732
|
Jackson WF. Introduction to ion channels and calcium signaling in the microcirculation. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 85:1-18. [PMID: 32402636 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microcirculation is the network of feed arteries, arterioles, capillaries and venules that supply and drain blood from every tissue and organ in the body. It is here that exchange of heat, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, water, cytokines, and immune cells takes place; essential functions necessary to maintenance of homeostasis throughout the life span. This chapter will outline the structure and function of each microvascular segment highlighting the critical roles played by ion channels in the microcirculation. Feed arteries upstream from the true microcirculation and arterioles within the microcirculation contribute to systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure control. They also control total blood flow to the downstream microcirculation with arterioles being responsible for distribution of blood flow within a tissue or organ dependent on the metabolic needs of the tissue. Terminal arterioles control blood flow and blood pressure to capillary units, the primary site of diffusional exchange between blood and tissues due to their large surface area. Venules collect blood from capillaries and are important sites for fluid exchange and immune cell trafficking. Ion channels in microvascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and pericytes importantly contribute to all of these functions through generation of intracellular Ca2+ and membrane potential signals in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
733
|
Ten tips for promoting your research. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
734
|
Exercise prescription in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease: could less be more? Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2020; 9:1-2. [PMID: 32104784 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
735
|
Sinclair AJ, Abdelhafiz AH. Cardiometabolic disease in the older person: prediction and prevention for the generalist physician. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2020; 9:90-95. [PMID: 32803140 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Frailty and sarcopenia, which are associated with increased visceral obesity and muscle mass loss, are now emerging as new potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Increased muscle visceral fat leads to increased secretion of harmful proinflammatory adipokines and reduced muscle mass leads to reduced secretion of the protective myokines creating an abnormal cardiometabolic state increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. This review: (1) explore traditional and newly emerging cardiometabolic risk factors in older people; (2) investigate methods of prediction and prevention of cardiovascular disease in those with diabetes; and (3) concludes that the development of a subspeciality of Cardiometabolic Medicine should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People, Diabetes Frail Ltd.,Kings College, London
| | - Ahmed H Abdelhafiz
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
736
|
Ozturk HM, Yetkin E, Ozturk S. Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cardiac Arrhythmia Risk: Review of the Literature. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 19:191-197. [PMID: 31030341 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) are widely used recreational substances especially among adults. Although they have been considered as safe during the marketing process, our knowledge about their adverse effects has evolved since years. SCBs are associated with various cardiac events including acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. There is also growing evidence that SCBs are associated with cardiac arrhythmia development both in acute and chronic exposure. SCBs have been shown to be associated with both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. However, the exact mechanism of the SCB related arrhythmia remains unknown. Understanding the exact association and possible mechanisms may help us to identify high risk patients at an early stage and to develop treatment modalities to prevent or reverse the arrhythmic effects of SCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ertan Yetkin
- Department of Cardiology, Istinye University Liv Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Ozturk
- Cardiology Clinic, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
737
|
Epigenetic Signaling and RNA Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020509. [PMID: 31941147 PMCID: PMC7014325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA epigenetics is perhaps the most recent field of interest for translational epigeneticists. RNA modifications create such an extensive network of epigenetically driven combinations whose role in physiology and pathophysiology is still far from being elucidated. Not surprisingly, some of the players determining changes in RNA structure are in common with those involved in DNA and chromatin structure regulation, while other molecules seem very specific to RNA. It is envisaged, then, that new small molecules, acting selectively on RNA epigenetic changes, will be reported soon, opening new therapeutic interventions based on the correction of the RNA epigenetic landscape. In this review, we shall summarize some aspects of RNA epigenetics limited to those in which the potential clinical translatability to cardiovascular disease is emerging.
Collapse
|
738
|
Biondi-Zoccai G, Garmendia CM, Abbate A, Giordano A, Frati G, Sciarretta S, Antonazzo B, Versaci F. Atherothrombosis Prevention and Treatment with Anti-interleukin-1 Agents. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:4. [PMID: 31932973 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-0819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite major advances in terms of prevention, diagnosis, risk-stratification, management and rehabilitation, atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis continue to have major morbidity and mortality implications worldwide. Since the unraveling of the pivotal role of inflammation in atherothrombosis pathophysiology, several focused treatments have been proposed with the ultimate goal of preventing or treating myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. In particular, given the centrality of interleukin-1 (IL-1), targeted anti-IL-1 agents have attracted substantial attention and efforts. Yet, uncertainty persists on the real risk-benefit and cost-benefit balance of anti-IL-1 agents in patients with or at risk of atherothrombosis. RECENT FINDINGS Several trials have been recently completed on atherothrombosis prevention and treatment with anti-IL-1 agents, ranging, for instance, from the large Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial to the series of translational studies conducted within the Virginia Commonwealth University-Anakinra Remodeling Trial (VCU-ART) platform. In light of the present scoping umbrella review, it appears evident that anti-IL-1 agents can reduce systemic inflammation and improve surrogate markers of cardiac and vascular function, with potential benefits on the risk of new/worsening heart failure. One trial suggested an increased risk of major adverse events with anti-interleukin-1 agents, possibly due to a rebound phenomenon, but this was based on a post-hoc analysis of a small number of events, and it was not supported by all other pertinent trials. The CANTOS study showed a potential hazard due to an increased risk of fatal infections, but the effect size was rather small. In addition, cost issues limit the foreseeable scope of these treatment strategies in unselected patients, calling instead for more refined prescribing. The evidence base on the risk-benefit and cost-benefit profile of anti-IL-1 agents for atherothrombosis prevention and treatment has expanded substantially in the last decade. While largely dominated by the landmark CANTOS trial, effect estimates also including the VCU-ART trials suggest complex short- and long-term effects which may prove favorable in carefully selected patients with acute or chronically sustained inflammation. Conversely, more liberal use appears less promising, and further studies with currently available agents or novel ones are eagerly needed to better define their role in the era of precision molecular medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy. .,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.
| | - Cristian M Garmendia
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Arturo Giordano
- Unità Operativa di Interventistica Cardiovascolare, Presidio Ospedaliero Pineta Grande, Castel Volturno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Versaci
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Cardiologia, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
739
|
Common Variants in IL-20 Gene are Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and IL-20 Levels in the Cohort of the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Mexican Study. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010075. [PMID: 31947776 PMCID: PMC7022804 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been involved in the development of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and obesity. Interleukin 20 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine encoded by a polymorphic gene located in chromosome 1. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of two IL-20 polymorphisms (rs1400986 and rs1518108) with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA), cardiovascular risk factors and IL-20 levels in a cohort of Mexican individuals. The polymorphisms were determined in 274 individuals with SA and 672 controls. Under different models, rs1400986 (OR = 0.51, Pcodominant1 = 0.0001; OR = 0.36, Pcodominant2 = 0.014; OR = 0.49, Pdominant = 0.0001 and OR = 0.55, Padditive = 0.0001) and rs1518108 (OR = 0.62, Pcodominant2 = 0.048 and OR = 0.79, Padditive = 0.048) were associated with a lower risk of SA. These polymorphisms were associated with cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with SA and controls. Controls with the rs1400986 TT genotype presented high levels of IL-20 (p = 0.031). In individuals with the rs1400986 CC genotype, we observed a negative correlation between IL-20 levels and total abdominal tissue (TAT), visceral abdominal tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal tissue (SAT). Our results indicate that the IL-20 rs1400986 and rs1518108 polymorphisms were associated with decreased risk of developing SA and with some cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with SA and healthy controls. Negative correlation between BMI and VAT/SAT ratio in individuals with rs1400986 CC genotype and among IL-20 levels and TAT, VAT and SAT was observed.
Collapse
|
740
|
Zhang S, Song G, Yuan J, Qiao S, Xu S, Si Z, Yang Y, Xu X, Wang A. Circular RNA circ_0003204 inhibits proliferation, migration and tube formation of endothelial cell in atherosclerosis via miR-370-3p/TGFβR2/phosph-SMAD3 axis. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:11. [PMID: 31900142 PMCID: PMC6941276 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are widely expressed in mammals and tissue-specific, of which some could act as critical regulators in the atherogenesis of cerebrovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanisms by which circRNA regulates the ectopic phenotype of endothelial cells (ECs) in atherosclerosis remain largely elusive. METHODS CCK-8, transwell, wound healing and Matrigel assays were used to assess cell viability, migration and tube formation. QRT-qPCR and Immunoblotting were used to examine targeted gene expression in different groups. The binding sites of miR-370-3p (miR-370) with TGFβR2 or hsa_circ_0003204 (circ_0003204) were predicted using a series of bioinformatic tools, and validated using dual luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The localization of circ_0003204 and miR-370 in ECs were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Gene function and pathways were enriched through Metascape and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The association of circ_0003204 and miR-370 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) with clinical characteristics of patients were investigated using multiple statistical analysis. RESULTS Circ_0003204, mainly located in the cytoplasm of human aorta endothelial cells (HAECs), was upregulated in the ox-LDL-induced HAECs. Functionally, the ectopic expression of circ_0003204 inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation of HAECs exposed to ox-LDL. Mechanically, circ_0003204 could promote protein expression of TGFβR2 and its downstream phosph-SMAD3 through sponging miR-370, and miR-370 targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of TGFβR2. Furthermore, the expression of circ_0003204 in plasma EVs was upregulated in the patients with cerebral atherosclerosis, and represented a potential biomarker for diangnosis and prognosis of cerebrovascular atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Circ_0003204 could act as a novel stimulator for ectopic endothelial inactivation in atherosclerosis and a potential biomarker for cerebral atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanchao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Guixiang Song
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Si
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xuxu Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong, First Medical University, NO.16766 JingShi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
741
|
Miolski J, Ješić M, Zdravković V. Complications of type 1 diabetes melitus in children. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/mp71-28003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has defined Diabetes mellitus as a disorder of metabolism of various causes, due to lack of secretion and / or action of insulin, with long-term hyperglycemia and altered metabolism of sugars, proteins and fats. Diabetes mellitus is the most widespread chronic non-infectious disease, with an increase in the frequency in childhood that could be the epidemic of the 21st century. The incidence is rapidly increasing in the world, while in the last thirty years in Serbia there has been an increase in the number of patients - especially in the group of small and preschool children. Exposure to the genetic, immune and environmental factors plays an important role in the etiology of the disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Weeks before the final diagnosis, weakness, irresistible hunger, weight loss, increased thirst, pronounced diuresis, drying of the mucous membranes, skin pruritus and blurred vision could be present. Inadequate glycemic control and unregulated lipid status of children with type 1 diabetes are compatible with numerous complications and a higher risk of cardiovascular, peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The therapy consists of insulin therapy, adequate daily physical activity, a variety of diets, overcoming stressful life situations and maintaining satisfactory metabolic control. By using intensive insulin therapy, the best control of the disease is achieved, while the frequency of possible complications is reduced.
Collapse
|
742
|
RTB101 and immune function in the elderly: Interpreting an unsuccessful clinical trial. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
743
|
Wang L, Lv S, Li F, Yu X, Bai E, Yang X. Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Metabolic Risk Factors in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shaanxi China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:171. [PMID: 32296394 PMCID: PMC7136495 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women at reproductive age, which is characterized by obesity, hyperandrogenemia, and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to investigate the vitamin D status, and analyze the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic risk factors in PCOS women in Shaanxi China. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 169 women diagnosed with PCOS and 114 control women without PCOS. The serum 25(OH)D and metabolic markers were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D concentration less than 20 ng/mL. The primary outcome was the difference in vitamin D status between the PCOS and control groups, the secondary outcomes were correlations between serum 25(OH)D concentration and metabolic risk factors in women with PCOS. Results: The serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in women with PCOS than in controls (P < 0.05), and the prevalence rates of 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in controls (P < 0.05). The serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in PCOS women with obesity or IR than in women without obesity or IR (P < 0.05), and the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in PCOS women with obesity or IR was significantly higher than in women without obesity or IR (P < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P < 0.05). In comparison, serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). Increased BMI and WHR, high levels of fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL-C and hs-CRP were regarded as risk factors, but high level of HDL-C was considered to be protective factor of vitamin D deficiency in PCOS women. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in PCOS women in Shaanxi China, especially in those with obesity and IR. The serum 25(OH)D level was correlated with metabolic risk factors in PCOS women. Multi-center randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are needed to probe the metabolic effect of vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women.
Collapse
|
744
|
External validation of the relative fat mass (RFM) index in adults from north-west Mexico using different reference methods. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226767. [PMID: 31891616 PMCID: PMC6938316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Analysis of body composition is becoming increasingly important for the assessment, understanding and monitoring of multiple health issues. The body mass index (BMI) has been questioned as a tool to estimate whole-body fat percentage (FM%). Recently, a simple equation described as relative fat mass (RFM) was proposed by Woolcott & Bergman. This equation estimates FM% using two anthropometric measurements: height and waist circumference (WC). The authors state that due to its simplicity and better performance than BMI, RFM could be used in daily clinical practice as a tool for the evaluation of body composition. The aim of this study was to externally validate the equation of Woolcott & Bergman to estimate FM% among adults from north-west Mexico compared with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as an alternative to BMI and secondly, to make the same comparison using air displacement plethysmography (ADP), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and a 4-compartment model (4C model). Methods Weight, height and WC were measured following standard procedures. The RFM index was calculated for each of the 61 participating subjects (29 females and 32 males, ages 20–37 years). The RFM was then regressed against each of the four body composition methods for estimating FM%. Results Compared with BMI, RFM was a better predictor of FM% determined by each of the body composition methods. In terms of precision the best equation was RFM regressed against DXA (y = 1.12 + 0.99 x; R2 = 0.84 p<0.001). Accuracy (represented by the closeness to the zero-intercept) was 1.12 (95% CI: -2.44, to 4.68) and thus, not significantly different from zero. For the rest of the methods, precision in the prediction of FM% was improved compared to BMI, with significant increases in the R2 and reduction of the root mean squared error (RMSE). However, the intercepts of each regression did not show accuracy since they were different from zero, for ADP: -9.95 (95%CI: -15.7 to -4.14), for BIA: -12.6 (95%CI: -17.5 to -7.74) and for the 4C model: -13.6 (95%CI: -18.6 to -8.60). Irrespectively, FM% measured by each of the body composition methods was higher for DXA than the other three methods (p<0.001). Conclusions This external validation proved that the performance of the RFM equation used in this study to estimate FM% was more consistent than BMI in this Mexican population, showing a stronger correlation with DXA than with the other body composition methods.
Collapse
|
745
|
Fulop T, Larbi A, Khalil A, Cohen AA, Witkowski JM. Are We Ill Because We Age? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1508. [PMID: 31956310 PMCID: PMC6951428 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing elderly populations, sometimes referred to as gray (or silver) tsunami, are an increasingly serious health and socioeconomic concern for modern societies. Science has made tremendous progress in the understanding of aging itself, which has helped medicine to extend life expectancies. With the increase of the life expectancy, the incidence of chronic age-related diseases (ARDs) has also increased. A new approach trying to solve this problem is the concept of geroscience. This concept implies that the aging process itself is the common cause of all ARDs. The corollary and consequence of such thinking is that we can and should treat aging itself as a disease. How to translate this into the medical practice is a big challenge, but if we consider aging as a disease the problem is solved. However, as there is no common definition of what aging is, what its causes are, why it occurs, and what should be the target(s) for interventions, it is impossible to conclude that aging is a disease. On the contrary, aging should be strongly considered not to be a disease and as such should not be treated; nonetheless, aging is likely amenable to optimization of changes/adaptations at an individual level to achieve a better functional healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biopolis, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
746
|
Morikawa T, Nagatomo A, Oka T, Miki Y, Taira N, Shibano-Kitahara M, Hori Y, Muraoka O, Ninomiya K. Glucose Tolerance-Improving Activity of Helichrysoside in Mice and Its Structural Requirements for Promoting Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246322. [PMID: 31847420 PMCID: PMC6941121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An acylated flavonol glycoside, helichrysoside, at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day per os for 14 days, improved the glucose tolerance in mice without affecting the food intake, visceral fat weight, liver weight, and other plasma parameters. In this study, using hepatoblastoma-derived HepG2 cells, helichrysoside, trans-tiliroside, and kaempferol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside enhanced glucose consumption from the medium, but their aglycones and p-coumaric acid did not show this activity. In addition, several acylated flavonol glycosides were synthesized to clarify the structural requirements for lipid metabolism using HepG2 cells. The results showed that helichrysoside and related analogs significantly inhibited triglyceride (TG) accumulation in these cells. The inhibition by helichrysoside was more potent than that by other acylated flavonol glycosides, related flavonol glycosides, and organic acids. As for the TG metabolism-promoting activity in high glucose-pretreated HepG2 cells, helichrysoside, related analogs, and their aglycones were found to significantly reduce the TG contents in HepG2 cells. However, the desacyl flavonol glycosides and organic acids derived from the acyl groups did not exhibit an inhibitory impact on the TG contents in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that the existence of the acyl moiety at the 6′′ position in the D-glucopyranosyl part is essential for glucose and lipid metabolism-promoting activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-4307-4306; Fax: +81-6-6729-3577
| | - Akifumi Nagatomo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Takahiro Oka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Yoshinobu Miki
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Norihisa Taira
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Megumi Shibano-Kitahara
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Yuichiro Hori
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (A.N.); (T.O.); (Y.M.); (N.T.); (M.S.-K.); (Y.H.); (O.M.); (K.N.)
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
747
|
Anti-ageing gene therapy: Not so far away? Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100977. [PMID: 31669577 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Improving healthspan is the main objective of anti-ageing research. Currently, innovative gene therapy-based approaches seem to be among the most promising for preventing and treating chronic polygenic pathologies, including age-related ones. The gene-based therapy allows to modulate the genome architecture using both direct (e.g., by gene editing) and indirect (e.g., by viral or non-viral vectors) approaches. Nevertheless, considering the extraordinary complexity of processes involved in ageing and ageing-related diseases, the effectiveness of these therapeutic options is often unsatisfactory and limited by their side-effects. Thus, clinical implementation of such applications is certainly a long-time process that will require many translation phases for addressing challenges. However, after overcoming these issues, their implementation in clinical practice may obviously provide new possibilities in anti-ageing medicine. Here, we review and discuss recent advances in this rapidly developing research field.
Collapse
|
748
|
Hernández-Álvarez D, Mena-Montes B, Toledo-Pérez R, Pedraza-Vázquez G, López-Cervantes SP, Morales-Salazar A, Hernández-Cruz E, Lazzarini-Lechuga R, Vázquez-Cárdenas RR, Vilchis-DeLaRosa S, Posadas-Rodríguez P, Santín-Márquez R, Rosas-Carrasco O, Ibañez-Contreras A, Alarcón-Aguilar A, López-Díazguerrero NE, Luna-López A, Königsberg M. Long-Term Moderate Exercise Combined with Metformin Treatment Induces an Hormetic Response That Prevents Strength and Muscle Mass Loss in Old Female Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3428543. [PMID: 31814870 PMCID: PMC6877950 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3428543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle mass and strength loss, as well as a poor physical performance, which as strongly been associated with aging. Sedentary lifestyle in the elderly contributes to this condition; however, physical activity improves health, reducing morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have shown that metformin (MTF) can also prevent muscle damage promoting muscular performance. To date, there is great controversy if MTF treatment combined with exercise training improves or nullifies the benefits provided by physical activity. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of long-term moderate exercise combined with MTF treatment on body composition, strength, redox state, and survival rate during the life of female Wistar rats. In this study, rats performed moderate exercise during 20 of their 24 months of life and were treated with MTF for one year or for 6 months, i.e., from 12 to 24 months old and 18 to 24 months old. The body composition (percentage of fat, bone, and lean mass) was determined using a dual-energy X-ray absorption scanner (DXA), and grip strength was determined using a dynamometer. Likewise, medial and tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials were evaluated and the redox state was measured by HPLC, calculating the GSH/GSSG ratio in the gastrocnemius muscle. Our results suggest- that the MTF administration, both in the sedentary and the exercise groups, might activate a mechanism that is directly related to the induction of the hormetic response through the redox state modulation. MTF treatment does not eliminate the beneficial effects of exercise throughout life, and although MTF does not increase muscle mass, it increases longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Hernández-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Mena-Montes
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, SSA, Ciudad de México 10200, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Rafael Toledo-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Gibrán Pedraza-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Stefanie Paola López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Morales-Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Edith Hernández-Cruz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Roberto Lazzarini-Lechuga
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Roman Royer Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Silvia Vilchis-DeLaRosa
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Pedro Posadas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Roberto Santín-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | | | | | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
749
|
Nusca A, Tuccinardi D, Proscia C, Melfi R, Manfrini S, Nicolucci A, Ceriello A, Pozzilli P, Ussia GP, Grigioni F, Di Sciascio G. Incremental role of glycaemic variability over HbA1c in identifying type 2 diabetic patients with high platelet reactivity undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:147. [PMID: 31706305 PMCID: PMC6842151 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients with on-treatment high platelet reactivity (HPR) show an increased risk of thrombotic events. Whether measuring glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and/or glycaemic variability (GV) may help identifying diabetic patients at higher risk deserving tailored antiplatelet and/or glucose lowering strategies is unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationship between GV, HbA1c levels and platelet reactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS Platelet reactivity was measured in type 2 DM patients using VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. HPR was defined as P2Y12 Reaction Unit (PRU) > 240. GV was expressed through mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE) and coefficient of variance (CV) by using the iPro™ continuous glucose recorder. RESULTS Thirty-five patients (age 70 ± 9 years, 86% male, mean HbA1c 7.2 ± 1.0%) on clopidogrel therapy were enrolled. HbA1c was independently associated with HPR (OR 7.25, 95% CI 1.55-33.86, p = 0.012). Furthermore, when factored into the model, GV indexes provided independent (OR 1.094, 95% CI 1.007-1.188, p < 0.034) and additional (p < 0.001) diagnostic significance in identifying diabetic patients with HPR. CONCLUSIONS Glyco-metabolic state significantly correlates with HPR in well-controlled type 2 DM patients on clopidogrel therapy. HbA1c identifies patients at higher thrombotic risk but the highest diagnostic accuracy is achieved by combining GV and HbA1c. Whether individualized antithrombotic and glucose-lowering therapies based on the assessment of these parameters may reduce the incidence of thrombotic events in patients undergoing PCI should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Nusca
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Proscia
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosetta Melfi
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nicolucci
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, MI, Italy
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, MI, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Ussia
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
750
|
Jacob S. [Prevention of CV complications in DM2 - which targets should be used?]. MMW Fortschr Med 2019; 161:37-41. [PMID: 31691223 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-019-1058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Jacob
- , Brombeerweg 6, D-78048, Villingen-Schwenningen, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|