851
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Watson M, Benard V, Thomas C, Brayboy A, Paisano R, Becker T. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality among American Indian and Alaska Native women, 1999-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S415-22. [PMID: 24754650 PMCID: PMC4035877 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analyzed cervical cancer incidence and mortality data in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women compared with women of other races. METHODS We improved identification of AI/AN race, cervical cancer incidence, and mortality data using Indian Health Service (IHS) patient records; our analyses focused on residents of IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. Age-adjusted incidence and death rates were calculated for AI/AN and White women from 1999 to 2009. RESULTS AI/AN women in CHSDA counties had a death rate from cervical cancer of 4.2, which was nearly twice the rate in White women (2.0; rate ratio [RR] = 2.11). AI/AN women also had higher incidence rates of cervical cancer compared with White women (11.0 vs 7.1; RR = 1.55) and were more often diagnosed with later-stage disease (RR = 1.84 for regional stage and RR = 1.74 for distant stage). Death rates decreased for AI/AN women from 1990 to 1993 (-25.8%/year) and remained stable thereafter. CONCLUSIONS Although rates decreased over time, AI/AN women had disproportionately higher cervical cancer incidence and mortality. The persistently higher rates among AI/AN women compared with White women require continued improvements in identifying and treating cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Watson
- Meg Watson, Vicki Benard, Cheryll Thomas, and Annie Brayboy are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Roberta Paisano is with the Indian Health Service (IHS), Albuquerque, NM. Thomas Becker is with the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland
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852
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Veazie M, Ayala C, Schieb L, Dai S, Henderson JA, Cho P. Trends and disparities in heart disease mortality among American Indians/Alaska Natives, 1990-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S359-67. [PMID: 24754556 PMCID: PMC4035888 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated heart disease death rates among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and Whites after improving identification of AI/AN populations. METHODS Indian Health Service (IHS) registration data were linked to the National Death Index for 1990 to 2009 to identify deaths among AI/AN persons aged 35 years and older with heart disease listed as the underlying cause of death (UCOD) or 1 of multiple causes of death (MCOD). We restricted analyses to IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Areas and to non-Hispanic populations. RESULTS Heart disease death rates were higher among AI/AN persons than Whites from 1999 to 2009 (1.21 times for UCOD, 1.30 times for MCOD). Disparities were highest in younger age groups and in the Northern Plains, but lowest in the East and Southwest. In AI/AN persons, MCOD rates were 84% higher than UCOD rates. From 1990 to 2009, UCOD rates declined among Whites, but only declined significantly among AI/AN persons after 2003. CONCLUSIONS Analysis with improved race identification indicated that AI/AN populations experienced higher heart disease death rates than Whites. Better prevention and more effective care of heart disease is needed for AI/AN populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Veazie
- Mark Veazie is with the Phoenix Area Indian Health Service, Flagstaff, AZ. Carma Ayala and Linda Schieb are with the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Shifan Dai is with the Division for Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Jeffrey A. Henderson is with the Black Hills Center for American Indian Health, Rapid City, SD. Pyone Cho is with the Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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853
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Reilley B, Bloss E, Byrd KK, Iralu J, Neel L, Cheek J. Death rates from human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis among American Indians/Alaska Natives in the United States, 1990-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S453-9. [PMID: 24754664 PMCID: PMC4035874 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used race-corrected data and comprehensive diagnostic codes to better compare HIV and tuberculosis (TB) mortality from 1999 to 2009 between American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and Whites. METHODS National Vital Statistics Surveillance System mortality data were adjusted for AI/AN racial misclassification through linkage with Indian Health Service registration records. We compared average annual 1990 to 2009 HIV and TB death rates (per 100,000 people) for AI/AN persons with those for Whites; Hispanics were excluded. RESULTS Although death rates from HIV in AI/AN persons were significantly lower than those in Whites from 1990 to 1998 (4.2 vs 7.0), they were significantly higher than those in Whites from 1999 to 2009 (3.6 vs 2.0). Death rates from TB in AI/AN persons were significantly higher than those in Whites, with a significant disparity during both 1990 to 1998 (3.3 vs 0.3) and 1999 to 2009 (1.5 vs 0.1). CONCLUSIONS The decrease in death rates from HIV and TB was greater among Whites, and death rates remained significantly higher among AI/AN individuals. Public health interventions need to be prioritized to reduce the TB and HIV burden and mortality in AI/AN populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigg Reilley
- Brigg Reilley, Jonathan Iralu, and Lisa Neel are with the Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM. Emily Bloss and Kathy K. Byrd are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. James Cheek is with Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
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854
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Wong CA, Gachupin FC, Holman RC, MacDorman MF, Cheek JE, Holve S, Singleton RJ. American Indian and Alaska Native infant and pediatric mortality, United States, 1999-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S320-8. [PMID: 24754619 PMCID: PMC4035880 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We described American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) infant and pediatric death rates and leading causes of death. METHODS We adjusted National Vital Statistics System mortality data for AI/AN racial misclassification by linkage with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records. We determined average annual death rates and leading causes of death for 1999 to 2009 for AI/AN versus White infants and children. We limited the analysis to IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties. RESULTS The AI/AN infant death rate was 914 (rate ratio [RR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55, 1.67). Sudden infant death syndrome, unintentional injuries, and influenza or pneumonia were more common in AI/AN versus White infants. The overall AI/AN pediatric death rates were 69.6 for ages 1 to 4 years (RR = 2.56; 95% CI = 2.38, 2.75), 28.9 for ages 5 to 9 years (RR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.92, 2.34), 37.3 for ages 10 to 14 years (RR = 2.22; 95% CI = 2.04, 2.40), and 158.4 for ages 15 to 19 years (RR = 2.71; 95% CI = 2.60, 2.82). Unintentional injuries and suicide occurred at higher rates among AI/AN youths versus White youths. CONCLUSIONS Death rates for AI/AN infants and children were higher than for Whites, with regional disparities. Several leading causes of death in the AI/AN pediatric population are potentially preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene A Wong
- At the time of the study, Charlene A. Wong was with the Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle. Francine C. Gachupin is with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson. Robert C. Holman is with the Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Marian F. MacDorman is with the Reproductive Statistics Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD. James E. Cheek is with the Public Health Program, Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Steve Holve is with Indian Health Service (IHS), Tuba City Regional Healthcare Corporation, Tuba City, AZ. Rosalyn J. Singleton is with the Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Anchorage, AK
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Abstract
Low-risk prostate cancer, defined as Gleason Score 6 or less with PSA <10 ng/ml, is diagnosed in about half of men undergoing screening. Approximately 30% of men diagnosed with low-risk disease harbour high-grade cancer that is unrepresented on the biopsy. Moreover, a small percentage of low-grade cancers have molecular alterations that result in progression to aggressive disease. Favourable-risk prostate cancer should be managed with close follow up. Active surveillance is appropriate for most patients with low-risk disease, and radical treatment should be reserved for cases in which higher-risk disease is identified. In turn, focal therapy aims to preserve tissue and function in men who have been diagnosed with localized disease, and should be offered to men with higher risk disease at baseline, as an alternative to whole-gland radiation or surgery, or when the patient transitions from low-risk to higher-risk disease. The two strategies should be viewed as complementary elements of care that can be applied in a risk-stratified manner. In this Review, we discuss the rationale and current status of active surveillance-which constitutes a standard of care in most evidence-based guidelines-and comment on whether and when focal therapy should complement it in those men wishing to continue a tissue-preserving strategy.
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857
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Karimi P, Islami F, Anandasabapathy S, Freedman ND, Kamangar F. Gastric cancer: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014. [PMID: 24618998 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than a century ago, gastric cancer was the most common cancer in the United States and perhaps throughout the world. Despite its worldwide decline in incidence over the past century, gastric cancer remains a major killer across the globe. This article reviews the epidemiology, screening, and prevention of gastric cancer. We first discuss the descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer, including its incidence, survival, mortality, and trends over time. Next, we characterize the risk factors for gastric cancer, both environmental and genetic. Serologic markers and histological precursor lesions of gastric cancer and early detection of gastric cancer using these markers are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prevention strategies and provide suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi
- Authors' Affiliations: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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858
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Karimi P, Islami F, Anandasabapathy S, Freedman ND, Kamangar F. Gastric cancer: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:700-13. [PMID: 24618998 PMCID: PMC4019373 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1216] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than a century ago, gastric cancer was the most common cancer in the United States and perhaps throughout the world. Despite its worldwide decline in incidence over the past century, gastric cancer remains a major killer across the globe. This article reviews the epidemiology, screening, and prevention of gastric cancer. We first discuss the descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer, including its incidence, survival, mortality, and trends over time. Next, we characterize the risk factors for gastric cancer, both environmental and genetic. Serologic markers and histological precursor lesions of gastric cancer and early detection of gastric cancer using these markers are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prevention strategies and provide suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farhad Islami
- Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharmila Anandasabapathy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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859
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Plescia M, Henley SJ, Pate A, Underwood JM, Rhodes K. Lung cancer deaths among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S388-95. [PMID: 24754613 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined regional differences in lung cancer among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) using linked data sets to minimize racial misclassification. METHODS On the basis of federal lung cancer incidence data for 1999 to 2009 and deaths for 1990 to 2009 linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records, we calculated age-adjusted incidence and death rates for non-Hispanic AI/AN and White persons by IHS region, focusing on Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. We correlated death rates with cigarette smoking prevalence and calculated mortality-to-incidence ratios. RESULTS Lung cancer death rates among AI/AN persons in CHSDA counties varied across IHS regions, from 94.0 per 100,000 in the Northern Plains to 15.2 in the Southwest, reflecting the strong correlation between smoking and lung cancer. For every 100 lung cancers diagnosed, there were 6 more deaths among AI/AN persons than among White persons. Lung cancer death rates began to decline in 1997 among AI/AN men and are still increasing among AI/AN women. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of regional lung cancer death rates between AI/AN and White populations indicates disparities in tobacco control and prevention interventions. Efforts should be made to ensure that AI/AN persons receive equal benefit from current and emerging lung cancer prevention and control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Plescia
- Marcus Plescia, Sarah Jane Henley, and J. Michael Underwood are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Anne Pate is with the Chronic Disease Service, Oklahoma State Department of Health, Oklahoma City. Kris Rhodes is with the American Indian Cancer Foundation, Minneapolis, MN
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860
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Cheek JE, Holman RC, Redd JT, Haberling D, Hennessy TW. Infectious disease mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1999-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S446-52. [PMID: 24754622 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We described death rates and leading causes of death caused by infectious diseases (IDs) in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons. Methods. We analyzed national mortality data, adjusted for AI/AN race by linkage with Indian Health Service registration records, for all US counties and Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. The average annual 1999 to 2009 ID death rates per 100,000 persons for AI/AN persons were compared with corresponding rates for Whites. RESULTS The ID death rate in AI/AN populations was significantly higher than that of Whites. A reported 8429 ID deaths (rate 86.2) in CHSDA counties occurred among AI/AN persons; the rate was significantly higher than the rate in Whites (44.0; rate ratio [RR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.91, 2.00). The rates for the top 10 ID underlying causes of death were significantly higher for AI/AN persons than those for Whites. Lower respiratory tract infection and septicemia were the top-ranked causes. The greatest relative rate disparity was for tuberculosis (RR = 13.51; 95% CI = 11.36, 15.93). CONCLUSIONS Health equity might be furthered by expansion of interventions to reduce IDs among AI/AN communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Cheek
- James E. Cheek is with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Robert C. Holman and Dana Haberling are with the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. John T. Redd is with the Indian Health Service (HIS), Santa Fe, NM. Thomas W. Hennessy is with the Arctic Investigations Program, NCEZID, CDC, Anchorage, AK
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861
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Jim MA, Arias E, Seneca DS, Hoopes MJ, Jim CC, Johnson NJ, Wiggins CL. Racial misclassification of American Indians and Alaska Natives by Indian Health Service Contract Health Service Delivery Area. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S295-302. [PMID: 24754617 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.301933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the racial misclassification of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in cancer incidence and all-cause mortality data by Indian Health Service (IHS) Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA). METHODS We evaluated data from 3 sources: IHS-National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), IHS-National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR)/Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, and National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS). We calculated, within each data source, the sensitivity and classification ratios by sex, IHS region, and urban-rural classification by CHSDA county. RESULTS Sensitivity was significantly greater in CHSDA counties (IHS-NVSS: 83.6%; IHS-NPCR/SEER: 77.6%; NLMS: 68.8%) than non-CHSDA counties (IHS-NVSS: 54.8%; IHS-NPCR/SEER: 39.0%; NLMS: 28.3%). Classification ratios indicated less misclassification in CHSDA counties (IHS-NVSS: 1.20%; IHS-NPCR/SEER: 1.29%; NLMS: 1.18%) than non-CHSDA counties (IHS-NVSS: 1.82%; IHS-NPCR/SEER: 2.56%; NLMS: 1.81%). Race misclassification was less in rural counties and in regions with the greatest concentrations of AI/AN persons (Alaska, Southwest, and Northern Plains). CONCLUSIONS Limiting presentation and analysis to CHSDA counties helped mitigate the effects of race misclassification of AI/AN persons, although a portion of the population was excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Jim
- Melissa A. Jim is with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Albuquerque, NM. Elizabeth Arias is with the Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD. Dean S. Seneca is with the Division of Public Health Capacity Development, Office for State, Tribal, Local and Territorial Support, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Megan J. Hoopes is with the Northwest Tribal Epidemiology Center, Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board, Portland, OR. Cheyenne C. Jim is with Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Albuquerque, NM. Norman J. Johnson is with the National Longitudinal Mortality Study Branch, US Census Bureau, Suitland, MD. Charles L. Wiggins is with the New Mexico Tumor Registry, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque
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862
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Li J, Weir HK, Jim MA, King SM, Wilson R, Master VA. Kidney cancer incidence and mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1990-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S396-403. [PMID: 24754655 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe rates and trends in kidney cancer incidence and mortality and identify disparities between American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and White populations. METHODS To improve identification of AI/AN race, incidence and mortality data were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) patient records. Analysis focused on residents of IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties; Hispanics were excluded. We calculated age-adjusted kidney cancer incidence (2001-2009) and death rates (1990-2009) by sex, age, and IHS region. RESULTS AI/AN persons have a 1.6 times higher kidney cancer incidence and a 1.9 times higher kidney cancer death rate than Whites. Despite a significant decline in kidney cancer death rates for Whites (annual percentage change [APC] = -0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.5, 0.0), death rates for AI/AN persons remained stable (APC = 0.4; 95% CI = -0.7, 1.5). Kidney cancer incidence rates rose more rapidly for AI/AN persons (APC = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.2, 5.8) than for Whites (APC = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.4, 2.8). CONCLUSIONS AI/AN individuals have greater risk of developing and dying of kidney cancers. Incidence rates have increased faster in AI/AN populations than in Whites. Death rates have decreased slightly in Whites but remained stable in AI/AN populations. Racial disparities in kidney cancer are widening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Jun Li, Hannah K. Weir, Melissa A. Jim, and Reda Wilson are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Sallyann M. King is with the Division of Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. Viraj A. Master is with the Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta
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863
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Espey DK, Jim MA, Cobb N, Bartholomew M, Becker T, Haverkamp D, Plescia M. Leading causes of death and all-cause mortality in American Indians and Alaska Natives. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S303-11. [PMID: 24754554 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We present regional patterns and trends in all-cause mortality and leading causes of death in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). METHODS US National Death Index records were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records to identify AI/AN deaths misclassified as non-AI/AN. We analyzed temporal trends for 1990 to 2009 and comparisons between non-Hispanic AI/AN and non-Hispanic White persons by geographic region for 1999 to 2009. Results focus on IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties in which less race misclassification occurs. RESULTS From 1990 to 2009 AI/AN persons did not experience the significant decreases in all-cause mortality seen for Whites. For 1999 to 2009 the all-cause death rate in CHSDA counties for AI/AN persons was 46% more than that for Whites. Death rates for AI/AN persons varied as much as 50% among regions. Except for heart disease and cancer, subsequent ranking of specific causes of death differed considerably between AI/AN and White persons. CONCLUSIONS AI/AN populations continue to experience much higher death rates than Whites. Patterns of mortality are strongly influenced by the high incidence of diabetes, smoking prevalence, problem drinking, and social determinants. Much of the observed excess mortality can be addressed through known public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Espey
- David K. Espey, Melissa A. Jim, Don Haverkamp, and Marcus Plescia are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. At the time of the study, Nathaniel Cobb was with and Michael Bartholomew is currently with the Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Indian Health Service (IHS), Rockville, MD. Tom Becker is with Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland. David K. Espey is also a guest editor for this supplement issue
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864
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Schieb LJ, Ayala C, Valderrama AL, Veazie MA. Trends and disparities in stroke mortality by region for American Indians and Alaska Natives. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S368-76. [PMID: 24754653 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated trends and disparities in stroke death rates for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and White people by Indian Health Service region. METHODS We identified stroke deaths among AI/AN persons and Whites (adults aged 35 years or older) using National Vital Statistics System data for 1990 to 2009. We used linkages with Indian Health Service patient registration data to adjust for misclassification of race for AI/AN persons. Analyses excluded Hispanics and focused on Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. RESULTS Stroke death rates among AI/AN individuals were higher than among Whites for both men and women in CHSDA counties and were highest in the youngest age groups. Rates and AI/AN:White rate ratios varied by region, with the highest in Alaska and the lowest in the Southwest. Stroke death rates among AI/AN persons decreased in all regions beginning in 2001. CONCLUSIONS Although stroke death rates among AI/AN populations have decreased over time, rates are still higher for AI/AN persons than for Whites. Interventions that address reducing stroke risk factors, increasing awareness of stroke symptoms, and increasing access to specialty care for stroke may be more successful at reducing disparities in stroke death rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Schieb
- Linda J. Schieb, Carma Ayala, and Amy L. Valderrama are with the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Mark A. Veazie is with the Phoenix Area Indian Health Service, AZ
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865
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Suryaprasad A, Byrd KK, Redd JT, Perdue DG, Manos MM, McMahon BJ. Mortality caused by chronic liver disease among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1999-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S350-8. [PMID: 24754616 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared chronic liver disease (CLD) mortality from 1999 to 2009 between American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and Whites in the United States after improving CLD case ascertainment and AI/AN race classification. METHODS We defined CLD deaths and causes by comprehensive death certificate-based diagnostic codes. To improve race classification, we linked US mortality data to Indian Health Service enrollment records, and we restricted analyses to Contract Health Service Delivery Areas and to non-Hispanic populations. We calculated CLD death rates (per 100,000) in 6 geographic regions. We then described trends using linear modeling. RESULTS CLD mortality increased from 1999 to 2009 in AI/AN persons and Whites. Overall, the CLD death rate ratio (RR) of AI/AN individuals to Whites was 3.7 and varied by region. The RR was higher in women (4.7), those aged 25 to 44 years (7.4), persons residing in the Northern Plains (6.4), and persons dying of cirrhosis (4.0) versus hepatocellular carcinoma (2.5), particularly those aged 25 to 44 years (7.7). CONCLUSIONS AI/AN persons had greater CLD mortality, particularly from premature cirrhosis, than Whites, with variable mortality by region. Comprehensive prevention and care strategies are urgently needed to stem the CLD epidemic among AI/AN individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Suryaprasad
- Anil Suryaprasad and Kathy K. Byrd are with the Division of Viral Hepatitis; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); US Department of Health and Human Services; Atlanta, GA. John T. Redd is with the Santa Fe Public Health Service Indian Hospital, Indian Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Santa Fe, NM. David G. Perdue is with the American Indian Cancer Foundation and Minnesota Gastroenterology PA, Minneapolis. M. Michele Manos is with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA. Brian J. McMahon is with the Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AL
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866
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White MC, Espey DK, Swan J, Wiggins CL, Eheman C, Kaur JS. Disparities in cancer mortality and incidence among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S377-87. [PMID: 24754660 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used improved data on American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) ancestry to provide an updated and comprehensive description of cancer mortality and incidence among AI/AN populations from 1990 to 2009. METHODS We linked the National Death Index and central cancer registry records independently to the Indian Health Service (IHS) patient registration database to improve identification of AI/AN persons in cancer mortality and incidence data, respectively. Analyses were restricted to non-Hispanic persons residing in Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties in 6 geographic regions of the United States. We compared age-adjusted mortality and incidence rates for AI/AN populations with White populations using rate ratios and mortality-to-incidence ratios. Trends were described using joinpoint analysis. RESULTS Cancer mortality and incidence rates for AI/AN persons compared with Whites varied by region and type of cancer. Trends in death rates showed that greater progress in cancer control was achieved for White populations compared with AI/AN populations over the last 2 decades. CONCLUSIONS Spatial variations in mortality and incidence by type of cancer demonstrated both persistent and emerging challenges for cancer control in AI/AN populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C White
- Mary C. White, David K. Espey, and Christie Eheman are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Judith Swan is with the Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Charles L. Wiggins is with the New Mexico Tumor Registry, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque. Judith S. Kaur is with the Native American Programs, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. David K. Espey is also a guest editor for this supplement issue
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867
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Groom AV, Hennessy TW, Singleton RJ, Butler JC, Holve S, Cheek JE. Pneumonia and influenza mortality among American Indian and Alaska Native people, 1990-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S460-9. [PMID: 24754620 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared pneumonia and influenza death rates among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people with rates among Whites and examined geographic differences in pneumonia and influenza death rates for AI/AN persons. METHODS We adjusted National Vital Statistics Surveillance mortality data for racial misclassification of AI/AN people through linkages with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records. Pneumonia and influenza deaths were defined as those who died from 1990 through 1998 and 1999 through 2009 according to codes for pneumonia and influenza from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revision, respectively. We limited the analysis to IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties, and compared pneumonia and influenza death rates between AI/ANs and Whites by calculating rate ratios for the 2 periods. RESULTS Compared with Whites, the pneumonia and influenza death rate for AI/AN persons in both periods was significantly higher. AI/AN populations in the Alaska, Northern Plains, and Southwest regions had rates more than 2 times higher than those of Whites. The pneumonia and influenza death rate for AI/AN populations decreased from 39.6 in 1999 to 2003 to 33.9 in 2004 to 2009. CONCLUSIONS Although progress has been made in reducing pneumonia and influenza mortality, disparities between AI/AN persons and Whites persist. Strategies to improve vaccination coverage and address risk factors that contribute to pneumonia and influenza mortality are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Groom
- Amy V. Groom is with the Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Thomas W. Hennessy is with the Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK. Rosalyn J. Singleton and Jay C. Butler are with the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage. Stephen Holve is with Tuba City Regional Health Care, Indian Health Service, Tuba City, AZ. James E. Cheek is with the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
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868
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Cho P, Geiss LS, Burrows NR, Roberts DL, Bullock AK, Toedt ME. Diabetes-related mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S496-503. [PMID: 24754621 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.301968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed diabetes-related mortality for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and Whites. METHODS Study populations were non-Hispanic AI/AN and White persons in Indian Health Service (IHS) Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties; Hispanics were excluded. We used 1990 to 2009 death certificate data linked to IHS patient registration records to identify AI/AN decedents aged 20 years or older. We examined disparities and trends in mortality related to diabetes as an underlying cause of death (COD) and as a multiple COD. RESULTS After increasing between 1990 and 1999, rates of diabetes as an underlying COD and a multiple COD subsequently decreased in both groups. However, between 2000 and 2009, age-adjusted rates of diabetes as an underlying COD and a multiple COD remained 2.5 to 3.5 times higher among AI/AN persons than among Whites for all age groups (20-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥ 75 years), both sexes, and every IHS region except Alaska. CONCLUSIONS Declining trends in diabetes-related mortality in both AI/AN and White populations are consistent with recent improvements in their health status. Reducing persistent disparities in diabetes mortality will require developing effective approaches to not only control but also prevent diabetes among AI/AN populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyone Cho
- Pyone Cho, Linda S. Geiss, and Nilka Rios Burrows are with the Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Diana L. Roberts is with Alaska Area Native Health Service, Indian Health Service (IHS), Anchorage. Ann K. Bullock is with Division of Diabetes Treatment and Prevention, IHS, Albuquerque, NM. Michael E. Toedt is with Cherokee Indian Hospital, Cherokee, NC
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869
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Kunitz SJ, Veazie M, Henderson JA. Historical trends and regional differences in all-cause and amenable mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives since 1950. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S268-77. [PMID: 24754651 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) death rates declined over most of the 20th century, even before the Public Health Service became responsible for health care in 1956. Since then, rates have declined further, although they have stagnated since the 1980s. These overall patterns obscure substantial regional differences. Most significant, rates in the Northern and Southern Plains have declined far less since 1949 to 1953 than those in the East, Southwest, or Pacific Coast. Data for Alaska are not available for the earlier period, so its trajectory of mortality cannot be ascertained. Socioeconomic measures do not adequately explain the differences and rates of change, but migration, changes in self-identification as an AI/AN person, interracial marriage, and variations in health care effectiveness all appear to be implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kunitz
- At the time this article was written, Stephen J. Kunitz was with the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY. Mark Veazie was with the Indian Health Service, US Public Health Service, Flagstaff, AZ. Jeffrey A. Henderson was with the Black Hills Center for American Indian Health, Rapid City, SD
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870
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White A, Richardson LC, Li C, Ekwueme DU, Kaur JS. Breast cancer mortality among American Indian and Alaska Native women, 1990-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S432-8. [PMID: 24754658 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared breast cancer death rates and mortality trends among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and White women using data for which racial misclassification was minimized. METHODS We used breast cancer deaths and cases linked to Indian Health Service (IHS) data to calculate age-adjusted rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by IHS-designated regions from 1990 to 2009 for AI/AN and White women; Hispanics were excluded. Mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR) were calculated for 1999 to 2009 as a proxy for prognosis after diagnosis. RESULTS Overall, the breast cancer death rate was lower in AI/AN women (21.6 per 100,000) than in White women (26.5). However, rates in AI/ANs were higher than rates in Whites for ages 40 to 49 years in the Alaska region, and ages 65 years and older in the Southern Plains region. White death rates significantly decreased (annual percent change [APC] = -2.1; 95% CI = -2.3, -2.0), but regional and overall AI/AN rates were unchanged (APC = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.1, 1.7). AI/AN women had higher MIRs than White women. CONCLUSIONS There has been no improvement in death rates among AI/AN women. Targeted screening and timely, high-quality treatment are needed to reduce mortality from breast cancer in AI/AN women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arica White
- Arica White, Lisa C. Richardson, Chunyu Li, and Donatus U. Ekwueme are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Judith S. Kaur is with the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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871
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Perdue DG, Haverkamp D, Perkins C, Daley CM, Provost E. Geographic variation in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, age of onset, and stage at diagnosis among American Indian and Alaska Native people, 1990-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S404-14. [PMID: 24754657 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We characterized estimates of colorectal cancer (CRC) in American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) compared with Whites using a linkage methodology to improve AI/AN classification in incidence and mortality data. METHODS We linked incidence and mortality data to Indian Health Service enrollment records. Our analyses were restricted to Contract Health Services Delivery Area counties. We analyzed death and incidence rates of CRC for AI/AN persons and Whites by 6 regions from 1999 to 2009. Trends were described using linear modeling. RESULTS The AI/AN colorectal cancer incidence was 21% higher and mortality 39% higher than in Whites. Although incidence and mortality significantly declined among Whites, AI/AN incidence did not change significantly, and mortality declined only in the Northern Plains. AI/AN persons had a higher incidence of CRC than Whites in all ages and were more often diagnosed with late stage CRC than Whites. CONCLUSIONS Compared with Whites, AI/AN individuals in many regions had a higher burden of CRC and stable or increasing CRC mortality. An understanding of the factors driving these regional disparities could offer critical insights for prevention and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Perdue
- David G. Perdue is with the American Indian Cancer Foundation, and Minnesota Gastroenterology PA, Minneapolis. Donald Haverkamp is with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Carin Perkins is with the Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System, Minneapolis. Christine Makosky Daley is with the Center for American Indian Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City. Ellen Provost is with the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage
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872
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Singh SD, Ryerson AB, Wu M, Kaur JS. Ovarian and uterine cancer incidence and mortality in American Indian and Alaska Native women, United States, 1999-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S423-31. [PMID: 24754663 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined geographic differences and trends in incidence and mortality of ovarian and uterine cancer in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women. METHODS We linked mortality data (1990-2009) and incidence data (1999-2009) to Indian Health Service (IHS) records. Death (and incidence) rates for ovarian and uterine cancer were examined for AI/AN and White women; Hispanics were excluded. Analyses focused on Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. RESULTS AI/AN and White women had similar ovarian and uterine cancer death rates. Ovarian and uterine cancer incidence and death rates were higher for AI/ANs residing in CHSDA counties than for all US counties. We also observed geographic differences, regardless of CHSDA residence, in ovarian and uterine cancer incidence and death rates in AI/AN women by IHS region; Pacific Coast and Southern Plains women had higher ovarian cancer death rates and Northern Plains women had higher uterine cancer death rates. CONCLUSIONS Regional differences in the incidence and mortality of ovarian and uterine cancers among AI/AN women in the United States were significant. More research among correctly classified AI/AN women is needed to understand these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simple D Singh
- Simple D. Singh, A. Blythe Ryerson, and Manxia Wu are with the Cancer Surveillance Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Judith S. Kaur is with the Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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873
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Espey DK, Jim MA, Richards TB, Begay C, Haverkamp D, Roberts D. Methods for improving the quality and completeness of mortality data for American Indians and Alaska Natives. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S286-94. [PMID: 24754557 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe methods used to mitigate the effect of race misclassification in mortality records and the data sets used to improve mortality estimates for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). METHODS We linked US National Death Index (NDI) records with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records to identify AI/AN deaths misclassified as non-AI/AN deaths. Analyses excluded decedents of Hispanic origin and focused on Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. We compared death rates for AI/AN persons and Whites across 6 US regions. RESULTS IHS registration records merged to 176,137 NDI records. Misclassification of AI/AN race in mortality data ranged from 6.3% in the Southwest to 35.6% in the Southern Plains. From 1999 to 2009, the all-cause death rate in CHSDA counties for AI/AN persons varied by geographic region and was 46% greater than that for Whites. Analyses for CHSDA counties resulted in higher death rates for AI/AN persons than in all counties combined. CONCLUSIONS Improving race classification among AI/AN decedents strengthens AI/AN mortality data, and analyzing deaths by geographic region can aid in planning, implementation, and evaluation of efforts to reduce health disparities in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Espey
- David K. Espey, Melissa A. Jim, Thomas B. Richards, and Don Haverkamp are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control, Albuquerque, NM. Crystal Begay is with the New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe. Diana Roberts is with the Indian Health Service, Anchorage, AK. David K. Espey is also a guest editor for this supplement issue
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874
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Cobb N, Espey D, King J. Health behaviors and risk factors among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 2000-2010. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S481-9. [PMID: 24754662 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.301879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provided contextual risk factor information for a special supplement on causes of death among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). We analyzed 11 years of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for AI/AN respondents in the United States. METHODS We combined BRFSS data from 2000 to 2010 to determine the prevalence of selected risk factors for AI/AN and White respondents residing in Indian Health Service Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties. Regional prevalence estimates for AI/AN respondents were compared with the estimates for White respondents for all regions combined; respondents of Hispanic origin were excluded. RESULTS With some regional exceptions, AI/AN people had high prevalence estimates of tobacco use, obesity, and physical inactivity, and low prevalence estimates of fruit and vegetable consumption, cancer screening, and seatbelt use. CONCLUSIONS These behavioral risk factors were consistent with observed patterns of mortality and chronic disease among AI/AN persons. All are amenable to public health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Cobb
- At the time of initial planning of the article, Nathaniel Cobb was with the Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM. David Espey and Jessica King are with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. David K. Espey is also a guest editor for this supplement issue
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875
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Landen M, Roeber J, Naimi T, Nielsen L, Sewell M. Alcohol-attributable mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1999-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S343-9. [PMID: 24754661 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe the relative burden of alcohol-attributable death among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in the United States. METHODS National Death Index records were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records to identify AI/AN deaths misclassified as non-AI/AN. We calculated age-adjusted alcohol-attributable death rates from 1999 to 2009 for AI/AN and White persons by sex, age, geographic region, and leading causes; individuals of Hispanic origin were excluded. RESULTS AI/AN persons had a substantially higher rate of alcohol-attributable death than Whites from 2005 to 2009 in IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties (rate ratio = 3.3). The Northern Plains had the highest rate of AI/AN deaths (123.8/100,000), and the East had the lowest (48.9/100,000). For acute causes, the largest relative risks for AI/AN persons compared with Whites were for hypothermia (14.2) and alcohol poisoning (7.6). For chronic causes, the largest relative risks were for alcoholic psychosis (5.0) and alcoholic liver disease (4.9). CONCLUSIONS Proven strategies that reduce alcohol consumption and make the environment safer for excessive drinkers should be further implemented in AI/AN communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Landen
- Michael Landen and Jim Roeber are with the Epidemiology and Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe. Tim Naimi is with the Section of Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, MA. Larry Nielsen is with the National Association for Public Health Statistics and Information Systems, Silver Spring, MD. Mack Sewell is with the Wyoming Department of Workforce Services, Cheyenne
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876
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Herne MA, Bartholomew ML, Weahkee RL. Suicide mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1999-2009. Am J Public Health 2014; 104 Suppl 3:S336-42. [PMID: 24754665 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.301929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed national and regional suicide mortality for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons. METHODS We used 1999 to 2009 death certificate data linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) patient registration data to examine death rates from suicide in AI/AN and White persons. Analysis focused primarily on residents of IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties; Hispanics were excluded. We used age-adjusted death rates per 100,000 population and stratified our analyses by age and IHS region. RESULTS Death rates from suicide were approximately 50% higher among AI/AN persons (21.2) than Whites (14.2). By region, rates for AI/AN people were highest in Alaska (rates = 65.4 and 19.3, for males and females, respectively) and in the Northern Plains (rates = 41.6 and 11.9 for males and females, respectively). Disparities between AI/AN and White rates were also highest in these regions. CONCLUSIONS A coordinated, multidisciplinary effort involving federal, state, local, and tribal health officials is needed to address this important public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mose A Herne
- Mose A. Herne is with the Division of Planning, Evaluation, and Research, Office of Public Health Support, Indian Health Service (IHS), Rockville, MD. Michael L. Bartholomew is with the Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Office of Public Health Support, Rockville, MD. Rose L. Weahkee is with Field Operations, Phoenix Area Office, IHS, Phoenix, AZ
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877
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Richards TB, White MC, Caraballo RS. Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography for primary care providers. Prim Care 2014; 41:307-30. [PMID: 24830610 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an update on lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and its implications for primary care providers. One of the unique features of lung cancer screening is the potential complexity in patient management if an LDCT scan reveals a small pulmonary nodule. Additional tests, consultation with multiple specialists, and follow-up evaluations may be needed to evaluate whether lung cancer is present. Primary care providers should know the resources available in their communities for lung cancer screening with LDCT and smoking cessation, and the key points to be addressed in informed and shared decision-making discussions with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Richards
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Building 107, F-76, 4770 Buford Highway Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA.
| | - Mary C White
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Building 107, F-76, 4770 Buford Highway Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA
| | - Ralph S Caraballo
- Office of Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Building 107, F-79, 4770 Buford Highway Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA
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878
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Karimi P, Islami F, Anandasabapathy S, Freedman ND, Kamangar F. Gastric cancer: descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, screening, and prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014. [PMID: 24618998 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965].] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Less than a century ago, gastric cancer was the most common cancer in the United States and perhaps throughout the world. Despite its worldwide decline in incidence over the past century, gastric cancer remains a major killer across the globe. This article reviews the epidemiology, screening, and prevention of gastric cancer. We first discuss the descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer, including its incidence, survival, mortality, and trends over time. Next, we characterize the risk factors for gastric cancer, both environmental and genetic. Serologic markers and histological precursor lesions of gastric cancer and early detection of gastric cancer using these markers are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prevention strategies and provide suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi
- Authors' Affiliations: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute for Transitional Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York; and Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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879
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Nguyen AB, Clark TT. The role of acculturation and collectivism in cancer screening for Vietnamese American women. Health Care Women Int 2014; 35:1162-80. [PMID: 24313445 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2013.863317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of demographic variables and the interplay between collectivism and acculturation on breast and cervical cancer screening outcomes among Vietnamese American women. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 111 Vietnamese women from the Richmond, VA, metropolitan area, who participated in a larger cancer screening intervention. All participants completed measures on demographic variables, collectivism, acculturation, and cancer-screening-related variables (i.e., attitudes, self-efficacy, and screening behavior). Findings indicated that collectivism predicted both positive attitudes and higher levels of self-efficacy with regard to breast and cervical cancer screening. Collectivism also moderated the relationship between acculturation and attitudes toward breast cancer screening such that for women with low levels of collectivistic orientation, increasing acculturation predicted less positive attitudes towards breast cancer screening. This relationship was not found for women with high levels of collectivistic orientation. The current findings highlight the important roles that sociodemographic and cultural variables play in affecting health attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior among Vietnamese women. The findings potentially inform screening programs that rely on culturally relevant values in helping increase Vietnamese women's motivation to screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh B Nguyen
- a Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences , The National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA
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