99901
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Maniv A, Reyes AP, Ramakrishna SK, Graf D, Huq A, Potashnikov D, Rivin O, Pesach A, Tao Q, Rosen J, Felner I, Caspi EN. Microscopic evidence for Mn-induced long range magnetic ordering in MAX phase compounds. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:025803. [PMID: 32942268 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zero and low field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have been performed on MAX phase samples (Cr1-x Mn x )2AC with A = Ge and Ga in order to obtain local microscopic information on the nature of magnetism in this system. Our results unambiguously provide evidence for the existence of long-range magnetic order in (Cr0.96Mn0.04)2GeC and for (Cr0.93Mn0.07)2GaC, but not for (Cr0.97Mn0.03)2GaC. We point to a possible dependence of long range magnetic order in these MAX phase compounds on the A atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maniv
- Department of Physics, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| | - A P Reyes
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| | - S K Ramakrishna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| | - D Graf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States of America
| | - A Huq
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - D Potashnikov
- Faculty of Physics, Technion-Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Israel Atomic Energy Commission, PO Box 7061, Tel-Aviv 61070, Israel
| | - O Rivin
- Department of Physics, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - A Pesach
- Department of Physics, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Q Tao
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - J Rosen
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - I Felner
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - E N Caspi
- Department of Physics, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
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99902
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Wu BH, Hassan SA, Gong WJ, Xu XF, Wang CR, Cao JC. Theoretical investigation of the scanning tunneling microscopy of Majorana bound states in topological superconductor vortices. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:025301. [PMID: 33055367 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is an indispensable tool in detecting Majorana bound states (MBSs) in vortices of topological superconductors. By reducing the computational complexity via non-uniform grids, we systematically study the tunnel coupling as well as the temperature dependence of the differential conductance of MBSs in two dimensional devices. Numerical results show that the conductance peak approaches the quantized value 2e 2/h in strong coupling limit at low temperatures which are characteristic features of MBSs. More interestingly, a conductance local minimum in the spatially scanning is observed when the STM tip is placed at the vortex center. The dip structure can be enhanced with increased temperature or enlarged vortex size. We ascribe this observation to the sensitivity of the Andreev reflection processes of carriers at the vortex center where the thermal energy could be comparable to the vanishing pair potential. We also investigate the STM of two-vortex systems where the hybridization of the vortices can lead to oscillatory behavior of the state energy. With small inter-vortex distances, the original MBSs in vortices can merge into topologically trivial states and the conductance peak can be significantly suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Wu
- Department of Applied Physics, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - S A Hassan
- Department of Applied Physics, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - W J Gong
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, NO. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - X F Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - C R Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - J C Cao
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid-State Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
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99903
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Zhang Z, Qi Y, Ma W, Zhang S. Wettability-Controlled Directional Actuating Strategy Based on Bilayer Photonic Crystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:2007-2017. [PMID: 33382243 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the water-triggered bending behavior of bilayer films has been a wide concerned, there are few reports on wettability-controlled directional actuators with visible color changes. Using photonic crystals as carriers, bilayer directional bending structural color actuators were prepared based on the hydrophilic difference. Top inverse opal with strong hydrophilicity can promote water penetration and strengthen the effect of swelling. While, bottom inverse opal with weak hydrophilicity can inhibit water penetration and weaken the effect of swelling. When the bilayer structure is immersed in water, its wettability differences will produce different optical responses for visualization and will bring different swelling performances, resulting in directional bending. Infiltration differences are visualized as structural color red shifts or transparency. The mechanism of the design involves optical diffractions in the fabricated periodic nanostructures, differences in the surface wettability and swelling rate, uses the infiltration and capillary evaporation of water to realize the spectral diversity of reflectance, and the enhancement of bending by gradient infiltration. This work deeply analyzes the improvement of the photonic crystal structure on the optical and bending performance of the wettability-controlled actuator, provides a basic model for the design of bionic components, and opens an idea for the combination of bilayer photonic crystals and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
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99904
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Yang J, Luo J, Kuang Y, He Y, Wen P, Xiong L, Wang X, Yang Z. Exploring the Efficient Na/K Storage Mechanism and Vacancy Defect-Boosted Li + Diffusion Based on VSe 2/MoSe 2 Heterostructure Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:2072-2080. [PMID: 33347756 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As typical 2D materials, VSe2 and MoSe2 both play a complementary role in Li/Na/K storage. Therefore, we designed and optimized the VSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure to gain highly efficient Li/Na/K-ion batteries. Most importantly, achieving fast Li/Na/K-ion diffusion kinetics in the interlayer of VSe2/MoSe2 is a key point. First of all, first-principles calculations were carried out to systematically investigate the packing structure, mechanical properties, band structure, and Li/Na/K storage mechanism. Our calculated results suggest that a large interlayer spacing (3.80 Å), robust structure, and metallic character pave the way for achieving excellent charge-discharge performance for the VSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure. Moreover, V and Mo ions both suffer a very mild redox reaction even if Li/Na/K ions fill the interlayer space. These structures were all further verified to show thermal stability (300 K) by means of the AIMD method. By analyzing the Li/Na/K diffusion behavior and the effect of vacancy defect on the structural stability and energy barrier for Li interlayer diffusion, it is found that the VSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure exhibits very low-energy barriers for Na/K interlayer diffusion (0.21 eV for Na and 0.11 eV for K). Compared with the VSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure, the V0.92Se1.84/MoSe2 heterostructure not only can still maintain a stable structure and metallic character but also has much lower energy barrier for Li interlayer diffusion (0.07 vs 0.48 eV). These discoveries also break new ground to eliminate the obstacles preventing Li+ diffusion in the interlayer of other heterostructure materials. Besides, both VSe2/MoSe2 and V0.92Se1.84/MoSe2 heterostructures have low average open-circuit voltage (OCV) values during Li/Na/K interlayer diffusion (1.07 V for V0.92Se1.84/MoSe2 vs Li+, 0.86 V for VSe2/MoSe2 vs Na+, and 0.54 V for VSe2/MoSe2 vs K+), such low OCV values are beneficial for anode materials with excellent electrochemical properties. The above findings offer a new route to design anode materials for Li/Na/K-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Jinda Luo
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Yichu He
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Piaopiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Lingling Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Xianyou Wang
- National Base for International Science & Technology Cooperation, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Materials of New Energy Storage Battery, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
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99905
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Cress CD, Wickramaratne D, Rosenberger MR, Hennighausen Z, Callahan PG, LaGasse SW, Bernstein N, van 't Erve OM, Jonker BT, Qadri SB, Prestigiacomo JC, Currie M, Mazin II, Bennett SP. Direct-Write of Nanoscale Domains with Tunable Metamagnetic Order in FeRh Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:836-847. [PMID: 33216550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have directly written nanoscale patterns of magnetic ordering in FeRh films using focused helium-ion beam irradiation. By varying the dose, we pattern arrays with metamagnetic transition temperatures that range from the as-grown film temperature to below room temperature. We employ transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and temperature-dependent transport measurements to characterize the as-grown film, and magneto-optic Kerr effect imaging to quantify the He+ irradiation-induced changes to the magnetic order. Moreover, we demonstrate temperature-dependent optical microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy as indirect probes of the metamagnetic transition that are sensitive to the differences in dielectric properties and electrical conductivity, respectively, of FeRh in the antiferromagnetic (AF) and ferromagnetic (FM) states. Using density functional theory, we quantify strain- and defect-induced changes in spin-flip energy to understand their influence on the metamagnetic transition temperature. This work holds promise for in-plane AF-FM spintronic devices, by reducing the need for multiple patterning steps or different materials, and potentially eliminating interfacial polarization losses due to cross material interfacial spin scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory D Cress
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Darshana Wickramaratne
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Matthew R Rosenberger
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Zachariah Hennighausen
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Patrick G Callahan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Samuel W LaGasse
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Electronics Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Noam Bernstein
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Olaf M van 't Erve
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Berend T Jonker
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Syed B Qadri
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Joseph C Prestigiacomo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Marc Currie
- Optical Sciences Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Igor I Mazin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Quantum Materials Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Steven P Bennett
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
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99906
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Li Y, Li YN, Zheng JW, Dong XY, Guo RX, Wang YM, Hu ZN, Ai Y, Liang Q, Sun HB. Metal-Organic Framework-Encapsulated CoCu Nanoparticles for the Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzaldehydes: Engineering Active Armor by the Half-Way Injection Method. Chemistry 2021; 27:1080-1087. [PMID: 33146415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel armor-type composite of metal-organic framework (MOF)-encapsulated CoCu nanoparticles with a Fe3 O4 core (Fe3 O4 @SiO2 -NH2 -CoCu@UiO-66) has been designed and synthesized by the half-way injection method, which successfully serves as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the selective transfer hydrogenation. In this half-way injection approach, the pre-synthetic Fe3 O4 @SiO2 -NH2 -CoCu was injected into the UiO-66 precursor solution halfway through the MOF budding period. The formed MOF armor could play a role of providing significant additional catalytic sites besides CoCu nanoparticles, protecting CoCu nanoparticles, and improving the catalyst stability, thus facilitating the selective transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzaldehydes into corresponding nitrobenzyl alcohols in high selectivity (99 %) and conversion (99 %) rather than nitro group reduction products. Notably, this method achieves the precise assembly of a MOF-encapsulated composite, and the ingenious combination of MOF and nanoparticles exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the selective hydrogen transfer reaction, implementing a "1+1>2" strategy in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Nong Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Xiu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Nan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yongjian Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry &, Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry &, Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
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99907
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Li Q, Wang B, He Q, Yu P, Chen LQ, Kalinin SV, Li JF. Ferroelastic Nanodomain-mediated Mechanical Switching of Ferroelectricity in Thick Epitaxial Films. Nano Lett 2021; 21:445-452. [PMID: 33264026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical switching of ferroelectric polarization, typically realized via a scanning probe, holds promise in (multi)ferroic device applications. Whereas strain gradient-associated flexoelectricity has been regarded to be accountable for mechanical switching in ultrathin (<10 nm) films, such mechanism can hardly be extended to thicker materials due to intrinsic short operating lengths of flexoelectricity. Here, we demonstrate robust mechanical switching in ∼100 nm thick Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 epitaxial films with a characteristic microstructure consisting of nanosized ferroelastic domains. Through a combination of multiscale structural characterizations, piezoresponse force microscopy, and phase-field simulations, we reveal that the ferroelastic nanodomains effectively mediate the 180° switching nucleation in a dynamical manner during tip scanning. Coupled with microstructure engineering, this newly revealed mechanism could boost the utility of mechanical switching through extended material systems. Our results also provide insight into competing polarization switching pathways in complex ferroelectric materials, essential for understanding their electromechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Qian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - Pu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jing-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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99908
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Moon J, Chung H, Cho M. Combined coarse-grained molecular dynamics and finite-element study of light-activated deformation of photoresponsive polymers. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012703. [PMID: 33601526 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The azobenzene-containing crosslinked liquid crystalline polymer is a potential candidate for a stimuli-responsive soft robot, as it provides contactless actuation without the implementation of any separate component. For facilitating practical applications of this novel material, complicated and predefined motions have been realized by tailoring the chemical structure of the polymer network. However, conventional multiscale mechanical analysis, which utilizes the all-atom molecular dynamics to represent a microscopic model, is unsuitable for handling diverse material design parameters due to excessive computational costs. Hence, a multiscale optomechanical simulation framework, which combines the coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG MD) and the finite-element (FE) method, is developed in this study. The CG MD simulation satisfactorily reproduces the light-induced phase transition and photosoftening effect on the mechanical properties. In particular, using the mesoscale analysis, the presented methodology can treat diverse morphology parameters (liquid crystal phase, spacer length, and crosslinking density) to observe the associated photodeformations. The photostrain and elastic modulus profiles in terms of photoisomerization ratio are implemented into the continuum-scale governing equation, which is based on the neoclassical elasticity theory. To efficiently reflect the light-induced large rotations of liquid crystal mesogens and the corresponding geometric nonlinearity, a corotational formulation is employed in the FE shell model. We examine the mesostructural-morphology-dependent photobending deformations of the nematic and smectic photoresponsive polymers (PRPs). In addition, the mesoscopic-texture-mediated unique 3D deformations are investigated by modeling the topological defects. This study offers insight into the engineering of PRP materials for designing the mechanical motions of smart actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Moon
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Chung
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Maenghyo Cho
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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99909
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Saleh R, Barth M, Eberhardt W, Zimmermann A. Bending Setups for Reliability Investigation of Flexible Electronics. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:78. [PMID: 33451151 PMCID: PMC7828635 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible electronics is a rapidly growing technology for a multitude of applications. Wearables and flexible displays are some application examples. Various technologies and processes are used to produce flexible electronics. An important aspect to be considered when developing these systems is their reliability, especially with regard to repeated bending. In this paper, the frequently used methods for investigating the bending reliability of flexible electronics are presented. This is done to provide an overview of the types of tests that can be performed to investigate the bending reliability. Furthermore, it is shown which devices are developed and optimized to gain more knowledge about the behavior of flexible systems under bending. Both static and dynamic bending test methods are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Saleh
- Hahn-Schickard, Allmandring 9b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (W.E.); (A.Z.)
- Institute for Micro Integration (IFM), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 9B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maximilian Barth
- Hahn-Schickard, Allmandring 9b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (W.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - Wolfgang Eberhardt
- Hahn-Schickard, Allmandring 9b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (W.E.); (A.Z.)
| | - André Zimmermann
- Hahn-Schickard, Allmandring 9b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.B.); (W.E.); (A.Z.)
- Institute for Micro Integration (IFM), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 9B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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99910
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Abstract
Structural materials with excellent mechanical properties are vitally important for architectural application. However, the traditional structural materials with complex manufacturing processes cannot effectively regulate heat flow, causing a large impact on global energy consumption. Here, we processed a high-performance and inexpensive cooling structural material by bottom-up assembling delignified biomass cellulose fiber and inorganic microspheres into a 3D network bulk followed by a hot-pressing process; we constructed a cooling lignocellulosic bulk that exhibits strong mechanical strength more than eight times that of the pure wood fiber bulk and greater specific strength than the majority of structural materials. The cellulose acts as a photonic solar reflector and thermal emitter, enabling a material that can accomplish 24-h continuous cooling with an average dT of 6 and 8 °C during day and night, respectively. Combined with excellent fire-retardant and outdoor antibacterial performance, it will pave the way for the design of high-performance cooling structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Chen
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Baokang Dang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jinzhou Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Caicai Li
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingfeng Sun
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China
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99911
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Ziatdinov M, Zhang S, Dollar O, Pfaendtner J, Mundy CJ, Li X, Pyles H, Baker D, De Yoreo JJ, Kalinin SV. Quantifying the Dynamics of Protein Self-Organization Using Deep Learning Analysis of Atomic Force Microscopy Data. Nano Lett 2021; 21:158-165. [PMID: 33306401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of protein self-assembly on the inorganic surface and the resultant geometric patterns are visualized using high-speed atomic force microscopy. The time dynamics of the classical macroscopic descriptors such as 2D fast Fourier transforms, correlation, and pair distribution functions are explored using the unsupervised linear unmixing, demonstrating the presence of static ordered and dynamic disordered phases and establishing their time dynamics. The deep learning (DL)-based workflow is developed to analyze detailed particle dynamics and explore the evolution of local geometries. Finally, we use a combination of DL feature extraction and mixture modeling to define particle neighborhoods free of physics constraints, allowing for a separation of possible classes of particle behavior and identification of the associated transitions. Overall, this work establishes the workflow for the analysis of the self-organization processes in complex systems from observational data and provides insight into the fundamental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Ziatdinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Orion Dollar
- Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Harley Pyles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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99912
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Cao J, Qi F, Yan S. The required acoustic parameters simplification of invisibility cloaks and concentrators using the impedance-tunable coordinate transformation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:920. [PMID: 33441649 PMCID: PMC7806613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation acoustics, as an unconventional theory, provides a powerful tool to design various kinds of acoustic devices with excellent functionalities. However, the required ideal parameters, which are prescribed by the method, are both complex and hard to implement-even using acoustic metamaterials. Furthermore, simplified parameter materials are generally favored in transformation-acoustic design due to its easier realization with artificial structures. In this letter, we propose a coordinate transformation methodology for achieving simplified parameters by tuning the impedance distribution in the geometric limit, where the transformation media parameters can be derived by setting tunable impedance functions in the original space and a combination of suitable linear or nonlinear coordinate transformation. Based on this approach, both two-dimensional acoustic cloak and concentrators are designed with different sets of simplified parameters. Numerical simulations indicate good performance of these devices with minimized scattering at higher frequencies. The proposed method provides more opportunities to realize the designed acoustic devices experimentally, and can also be used for other transformation-acoustic designs including 3D cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fenghua Qi
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Senlin Yan
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, People's Republic of China
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99913
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Feng L, Li X, Cui Y, An Q. Active Basal Plane Catalytic Activity via Interfacial Engineering for a Finely Tunable Conducting Polymer/MoS 2 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Multilayer Structure. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:734-744. [PMID: 33390014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fixation of the catalyst interface is an important consideration for the design of practical applications. However, the electronic structure of MoS2 is sensitive to its embedding environment, and the catalytic performance of MoS2 catalysts may be altered significantly by the type of binding agents and interfacial structure. Interfacial engineering is an effective method for designing efficient catalysts, arising from the close contact between different components, which facilitates charge transfer and strong electronic interactions. Here, we have developed a layer-by-layer (LbL) strategy for the preparation of interfacial MoS2-based catalyst structures with two types of conducting polymers on various substrates. We demonstrate how the assembled partners in the LbL structure can significantly impact the electronic structures in MoS2. As the number of bilayers grows, using polypyrrole as a binder remarkably increases the catalytic efficacy as compared to using polyaniline. On the one hand, the ratio of S22- (or S2-), which is related to the remaining active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) species, is further increased. On the other hand, density functional theory calculations indicate that the interfacial charge transport from the conducting polymers to MoS2 may boost the HER activity of the interfacial structure of the conducting polymer/MoS2 by decreasing the adsorption free energy of the intermediate H* at the S sites in the basal plane of MoS2. The optimized catalytic efficacy of the (conducting polymer/MoS2)n assembly peaks is obtained with 16 assembly cycles. In preparing interfacial catalytic structures, the LbL-based strategy exhibits several key advantages, including the flexibility of choosing assembly partners, the ability to fine-tune the structures with precision at the nanometer scale, and planar homogeneity at the centimeter scale. We expect that this LbL-based catalyst immobilization strategy will contribute to the fundamental understanding of the scalability and control of highly efficient electrocatalysts at the interface for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes & Mineral Resources, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
- Laboratory of Composite Materials & Polymer Materials, College of Materials Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes & Mineral Resources, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lili Feng
- Laboratory of Composite Materials & Polymer Materials, College of Materials Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Laboratory of Composite Materials & Polymer Materials, College of Materials Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Yanying Cui
- Laboratory of Composite Materials & Polymer Materials, College of Materials Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Qi An
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes & Mineral Resources, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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99914
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Abstract
Li metal has been widely recognized as a promising anode candidate for high-energy-density batteries. However, the inherent limitations of Li metal, that is, the low Coulombic efficiency and dendrite issues, make it still far from practical applications. In short, the low Coulombic efficiency shortens the cycle life of Li metal batteries, while the dendrite issue raises safety concerns. Thanks to the great efforts of the research community, prolific fundamental understanding as well as approaches for mitigating Li metal anode safety have been extensively explored. In this Review, Li electrochemical deposition behaviors have been systematically summarized, and recent progress in electrode design and electrolyte system optimization is reviewed. Finally, we discuss the future directions, opportunities, and challenges of Li metal anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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99915
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Palos E, Reyes-Serrato A, Alonso-Nuñez G, Sánchez JG. Modeling the ternary chalcogenide Na 2MoSe 4 from first-principles. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:025501. [PMID: 33055381 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abaf91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the ongoing pursuit of inorganic compounds suitable for solid-state devices, transition metal chalcogenides have received heightened attention due to their physical and chemical properties. Recently, alkali-ion transition metal chalcogenides have been explored as promising candidates to be applied in optoelectronics, photovoltaics and energy storage devices. In this work, we present a theoretical study of sodium molybdenum selenide (Na2MoSe4). First-principles computations were performed on a set of hypothetical crystal structures to determine the ground state and electronic properties of Na2MoSe4. We find that the equilibrium structure of Na2MoSe4 is a simple orthorhombic (oP) lattice, with space group Pnma, as evidenced by thermodynamics. Finally, meta-GGA computations were performed to model the band structure of oP Na2MoSe4 at a predictive level. We employ the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential to demonstrate that oP Na2MoSe4 has a direct bandgap at the Γ point that is suitable for optoelectronics. Our results provide a foundation for future studies concerned with the modeling of inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials chemically analogous to Na2MoSe4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Palos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada B.C., 22800, Mexico
| | - Armando Reyes-Serrato
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada B.C., 22800, Mexico
- Donostia International Physics Center, P. Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gabriel Alonso-Nuñez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada B.C., 22800, Mexico
| | - J Guerrero Sánchez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada B.C., 22800, Mexico
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99916
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Zhang T, Hu R, Zhang S, Liu Z, Wang J, Xu J, Chen K, Yu L. Superfast Growth Dynamics of High-Quality Silicon Nanowires on Polymer Films via Self-Selected Laser-Droplet-Heating. Nano Lett 2021; 21:569-576. [PMID: 33350839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Growing high quality silicon nanowires (SiNWs) at elevated temperature on cooler polymer films seems to be contradictive but highly desirable for building high performance flexible and wearable electronics. In this work, we demonstrate a superfast (vnw > 3.5 μm·s-1) growth of high quality SiNWs on polymer/glass substrates, powered by self-selected laser at 808 nm heating of indium catalyst droplets that absorb amorphous Si layer to produce SiNWs. Because of the tiny heat capacity of the nanodroplets, the SiNW growth can be quickly heated up and frozen via rapid laser ON/OFF switching, enabling a deterministic diameter modulation in the ultralong SiNWs. Finally, prototype field effect transistors are also fabricated upon the laser-droplet-heating grown SiNWs with a high Ion/Ioff ratio of >104 and reasonable subthreshold swing of 386 mV·dec-1, opening a generic new route to integrate high-quality NW channels directly upon large area and lightweight polymer substrates for developing high-performance flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Ruijin Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Zongguang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Junzhuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Kunji Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Linwei Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures/School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
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99917
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Wang YY, Wang XQ, Li YQ, Huang P, Yang B, Hu N, Fu SY. High-Performance Bamboo Steel Derived from Natural Bamboo. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1431-1440. [PMID: 33356105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to develop green and renewable structural materials from biomaterials to replace synthetic materials involved from civil engineering to aerospace industries. Herein, we put forward a facile but effective top-down strategy to convert natural bamboo into bamboo steel. The fabrication process of bamboo steel involves the removal of lignin and hemicellulose, freeze-drying followed by epoxy infiltration, and densification combined with in situ solidification. The prepared bamboo steel is a super-strong composite material with a high specific tensile strength (302 MPa g-1 cm3), which is higher than that (227 MPa g-1 cm3) of conventional high specific strength steel. The bamboo steel demonstrates a high tensile strength of 407.6 MPa, a record flexural strength of 513.8 MPa, and a high toughness of 14.08 MJ/m3, which is improved by 360, 290, and 380% over those of natural bamboo, respectively. Particularly, the mechanical properties of the bamboo steel are the highest among the biofiber-reinforced polymer composites reported previously. The well-preserved bamboo scaffolds assure the integrity of bamboo fibers, while the densification under high pressure results in a high-fiber volume fraction with an improved hydrogen bonding among the adjacent bamboo fibers, and the epoxy resin impregnated enhances the stress transfer because of its chemical crosslinking with cellulose molecules. These endow the bamboo steel with superior mechanical performance. Furthermore, the bamboo steel demonstrates an excellent thermal insulating capability with a low thermal conductivity (about 0.29 W/mK). In addition, the bamboo steel shows a low coefficient of thermal expansion (about 6.3 × 10-6 K-1) and a very high-dimensional stability to moisture attack. The strategy of fabricating high-performance bamboo steel with green and abundant natural bamboo as raw materials is highly attractive for the sustainable development of structural engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Yong Wang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Wang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Pei Huang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Technological Innovation Method and Tool, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shao-Yun Fu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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99918
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Abstract
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates are widely used for the development of various functional nanomaterials due to their highly ordered and tunable porous structures. Here, we report a new hierarchical AAO (hAAO) template with the hexagonally ordered unit cells and the radially distributed nanochannels. It is formed by integrating the self-assembled polystyrene microsphere template into the AAO fabrication process and rationalized in terms of mechanical stress and electric-field-induced oxide dissolution. The back side of the hAAO template resembles a moth-eye-like nanoarray, which shows good hydrophobicity. A variety of radial nanopillar arrays and moth-eye-like nanoarrays are fabricated by a series of materials and synthesis techniques employing the hAAO template. These unique nanoarrays demonstrate many physicochemical properties that are distinct from those obtained from the conventional AAO template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdi Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shunde Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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99919
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Subbiah J, Lee CJ, Mitchell VD, Jones DJ. Effect of Side-Chain Modification on the Active Layer Morphology and Photovoltaic Performance of Liquid Crystalline Molecular Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1086-1093. [PMID: 33347751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale morphology of the photoactive layer by fine-tuning the molecular structure of semiconducting organic materials is one of the most effective ways to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. In this contribution, we investigate the photovoltaic performance of benzodithiophene (BDT)-based p-type small molecules with three different side chains, namely alkyl-thio (BTR-TE), dialkylthienyl (BTR), and trialkylsilyl (BTR-TIPS) moieties substituted on the BDT core, when used alongside a nonfullerene acceptor. The side-chain changes on the BDT core are shown to have a profound effect on energy levels, charge generation, recombination, morphology, and photovoltaic performance of solid-state molecules. Compared with BTR and BTR-TIPS, BTR-TE-based single-junction binary blend solar cells show the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.2% due to improved morphology and charge transport with suppressed recombination. In addition, we also achieved relatively good performances for ternary blend solar cells with a PCE of 16.1% using BTR-TE as a third component. Our results show that side-chain modification has a significant effect on modulating active layer morphology, and in particular that thioether side-chain modification is an effective way to achieve optimum morphology and performance for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Calvin J Lee
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Valerie D Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J Jones
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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99920
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Salkar AV, Naik AP, Bhosale SV, Morajkar PP. Designing a Rare DNA-Like Double Helical Microfiber Superstructure via Self-Assembly of In Situ Carbon Fiber-Encapsulated WO 3-x Nanorods as an Advanced Supercapacitor Material. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1288-1300. [PMID: 33356091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Double helical DNA structure is one of the most beautiful and fascinating nanoarchitecture nature has produced. Mimicking nature's design by the tailored synthesis of semiconductor nanomaterials such as WO3 into a DNA-like double helical superstructure could impart special properties, such as enhanced stability, electrical conductivity, information storage, signal processing, and catalysis, owing to the synergistic interaction across helices. However, double helical WO3 synthesis is extremely challenging and has never been reported earlier. This investigation presents the first-ever report on a facile synthesis route for designing a DNA-like double helical WO3-x/C microfiber superstructure via self-assembly of in situ carbon fiber-encapsulated WO3-x nanorods. This innovative design strategy is completely template-free and does not require predesigned helical templates or hydro/solvothermal treatment. Detailed spectroscopic material characterization and electrochemical studies confirmed that the double helical structure with carbon fiber-WO3-x heterostructures enabled effective induction and distribution of oxygen vacancies along with W5+/W6+ redox surface states. Furthermore, faster electrode-electrolyte interfacial kinetics, improved electrical conductivity, and cycling stability has been observed in the carbon fiber-WO3-x heterostructures which resulted in a high area specific capacitance of 401 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2 with excellent capacitance retention of >94% for more than 5000 cycles. Additionally, the carbon fiber-WO3-x heterostructures demonstrated promising performance when fabricated in a solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor device with the power density of 498 W kg-1 at an energy density of 15.4 W h kg-1. Therefore, the rare DNA-like double helical WO3-x/C superstructure synthesized in this study could open new doorways toward in situ, facile fabrication of double helical superstructures for energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay V Salkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, 403206 Goa, India
| | - Amarja P Naik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, 403206 Goa, India
| | - Sheshanath V Bhosale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, 403206 Goa, India
| | - Pranay P Morajkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, 403206 Goa, India
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99921
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Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate enhancement-mode field-effect transistors by an atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) amorphous In2O3 channel with thickness down to 0.7 nm. Thickness is found to be critical on the materials and electron transport of In2O3. Controllable thickness of In2O3 at atomic scale enables the design of sufficient 2D carrier density in the In2O3 channel integrated with the conventional dielectric. The threshold voltage and channel carrier density are found to be considerably tuned by channel thickness. Such a phenomenon is understood by the trap neutral level (TNL) model, where the Fermi-level tends to align deeply inside the conduction band of In2O3 and can be modulated to the bandgap in atomic layer thin In2O3 due to the quantum confinement effect, which is confirmed by density function theory (DFT) calculation. The demonstration of enhancement-mode amorphous In2O3 transistors suggests In2O3 is a competitive channel material for back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible transistors and monolithic 3D integration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Si
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yaoqiao Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Zehao Lin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xing Sun
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Adam Charnas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dongqi Zheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiao Lyu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kyeongjae Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Peide D Ye
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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99922
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Cho H, Moreno-Hernandez IA, Jamali V, Oh MH, Alivisatos AP. In Situ Quantification of Interactions between Charged Nanorods in a Predefined Potential Energy Landscape. Nano Lett 2021; 21:628-633. [PMID: 33275435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative understanding of nanoscale interactions is a prerequisite for harnessing the remarkable collective properties of nanoparticle systems. Here, we report the combined use of liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy and electron beam lithography to elucidate the interactions between charged nanorods in a predefined potential energy landscape. In situ site-selective lift-off of surface-functionalized lithographed gold nanorods is achieved by patterning them with adhesion layer materials that undergo etching at different rates. Analysis of the subsequent nanorod motion, which is two-dimensionally confined as a result of the particle-substrate attraction, allows quantification of interparticle interactions in a lithographically engineered environment. For lithographed nanorods patterned with the same adhesion layer material, their self-assembly behavior following lift-off is tuned by changing their starting spatial arrangement. Our approach facilitates investigation of interparticle interactions in designed nanoparticle systems and affords fundamental insights into the role of the potential energy landscape in determining the kinetic pathway for nanoparticle self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoduk Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ivan A Moreno-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vida Jamali
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Myoung Hwan Oh
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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99923
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Chen Z, Liu J, Chen Y, Zheng X, Liu H, Li H. Multiple-Stimuli-Responsive and Cellulose Conductive Ionic Hydrogel for Smart Wearable Devices and Thermal Actuators. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1353-1366. [PMID: 33351585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive hydrogels, such as conductive hydrogels and thermoresponsive hydrogels, have been explored extensively and are considered promising candidates for smart materials such as wearable devices and artificial muscles. However, most of the existing studies on stimulus-responsive hydrogels have mainly focused on their single stimulus-responsive property and have not explored multistimulus-responsive or multifunction properties. Although some works involved multifunctionality, the prepared hydrogels were incompatible. In this work, a multistimulus-responsive and multifunctional hydrogel system (carboxymethyl cellulose/poly acrylic-acrylamide) with good elasticity, superior flexibility, and stable conductivity was prepared. The prepared hydrogel not only showed excellent human motion detection and physiological signal response but also possessed the ability to respond to environmental temperature changes. By integrating a conductive hydrogel with a thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel to form a bilayer hydrogel, the prepared bilayer also functioned as two kinds of actuators owing to the different degrees of swelling and shrinking under different thermal stimuli. Furthermore, the different thermochromic properties of each layer in the bilayer hydrogel endowed the hydrogel with a thermoresponsive "smart" feature, the ability to display and conceal information. Therefore, the prepared hydrogel system has excellent prospects as a smart material in different applications, such as ionic skin, smart info-window, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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99924
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Zhuang M, Joshi S, Sun H, Batabyal T, Fraser CL, Kapur J. Difluoroboron β-diketonate polylactic acid oxygen nanosensors for intracellular neuronal imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1076. [PMID: 33441771 PMCID: PMC7806623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical for metabolism, oxygen plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of neurons. Oxygen sensing is important in common neurological disorders such as strokes, seizures, or neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injuries, which result from an imbalance between metabolic demand and oxygen supply. Phosphorescence quenching by oxygen provides a non-invasive optical method to measure oxygen levels within cells and tissues. Difluoroboron β-diketonates are a family of luminophores with high quantum yields and tunable fluorescence and phosphorescence when embedded in certain rigid matrices such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA). Boron nanoparticles (BNPs) can be fabricated from dye-PLA materials for oxygen mapping in a variety of biological milieu. These dual-emissive nanoparticles have oxygen-insensitive fluorescence, oxygen-sensitive phosphorescence, and rigid matrix all in one, enabling real-time ratiometric oxygen sensing at micron-level spatial and millisecond-level temporal resolution. In this study, BNPs are applied in mouse brain slices to investigate oxygen distributions and neuronal activity. The optical properties and physical stability of BNPs in a biologically relevant buffer were stable. Primary neuronal cultures were labeled by BNPs and the mitochondria membrane probe MitoTracker Red FM. BNPs were taken up by neuronal cell bodies, at dendrites, and at synapses, and the localization of BNPs was consistent with that of MitoTracker Red FM. The brain slices were stained with the BNPs, and the BNPs did not significantly affect the electrophysiological properties of neurons. Oxygen maps were generated in living brain slices where oxygen is found to be mostly consumed by mitochondria near synapses. Finally, the BNPs exhibited excellent response when the conditions varied from normoxic to hypoxic and when the neuronal activity was increased by increasing K+ concentration. This work demonstrates the capability of BNPs as a non-invasive tool in oxygen sensing and could provide fundamental insight into neuronal mechanisms and excitability research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Suchitra Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Huayu Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Tamal Batabyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Cassandra L Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- UVA Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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99925
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Han MS, Liu Z, Liu X, Yoon J, Lee EC. Cesium Doping for Performance Improvement of Lead(II)-acetate-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:E363. [PMID: 33451029 PMCID: PMC7828501 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead(II)-acetate (Pb(Ac)2) is a promising lead source for the preparation of organolead trihalide perovskite materials, which avoids the use of inconvenient anti-solvent treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect of cesium doping on the performance of Pb(Ac)2-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We demonstrate that the quality of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film was improved with increased crystallinity and reduced pinholes by doping the perovskite with 5 mol% cesium. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs was improved from 14.1% to 15.57% (on average), which was mainly induced by the significant enhancements in short-circuit current density and fill factor. A PCE of 18.02% was achieved for the champion device of cesium-doped Pb(Ac)2-based PSCs with negligible hysteresis and a stable output. Our results indicate that cesium doping is an effective approach for improving the performance of Pb(Ac)2-based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Han
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea; (M.-S.H.); (X.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhihai Liu
- School of Opto-Electronic Information Science and Technology, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea; (M.-S.H.); (X.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea; (M.-S.H.); (X.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Eun-Cheol Lee
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea; (M.-S.H.); (X.L.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Physics, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea
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99926
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Das T, Yang E, Seo JE, Kim JH, Park E, Kim M, Seo D, Kwak JY, Chang J. Doping-Free All PtSe 2 Transistor via Thickness-Modulated Phase Transition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1861-1871. [PMID: 33393295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a high-quality metal contact on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors still remains a major challenge due to the strong Fermi level pinning and the absence of an effective doping method. Here, we demonstrate high performance "all-PtSe2" field-effect transistors (FETs) completely free from those issues, enabled by the vertical integration of a metallic thick PtSe2 source/drain onto the semiconducting ultrathin PtSe2 channel. Owing to its inherent thickness-dependent semiconductor-to-metal phase transition, the transferred metallic PtSe2 transforms the underlying semiconducting PtSe2 into metal at the junction. Therefore, a fully metallized source/drain and semiconducting channel could be realized within the same PtSe2 platform. The ultrathin PtSe2 FETs with PtSe2 vdW contact exhibits excellent gate tunability, superior mobility, and high ON current accompanied by one order lower contact resistance compared to conventional Ti/Au contact FETs. Our work provides a new device paradigm with a low resistance PtSe2 vdW contact which can overcome a fundamental bottleneck in 2D nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Das
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Eunyeong Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Eunpyo Park
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Kwak
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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99927
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Wang H, Guo K, Zhang L, Zhu H, Li S, Li S, Gao F, Liu X, Gu Q, Liu L, Zheng X. Valve-based consecutive bioprinting method for multimaterial tissue-like constructs with controllable interfaces. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33440361 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abdb86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a promising technology focusing on tissue manufacturing, whose vital problem is the precise assembly of multiple materials. As the primary solution, the extrusion-based multi-printhead bioprinting (MPB) method could cause material interface defects and inefficient motion time during multimaterial switching. We present a valve-based consecutive bioprinting (VCB) method to resolve these problems, containing an integrated precise switching printhead and a well-matched voxelated digital model. The rotary valve isolates the bio-inks' elastic potential energy in the cartridge from precision interface assembling based on the Maxwell viscoelastic model. We study the coordinated control approach of the valve rotation and pressure adjustment to actualize the seamless switching, leading to a controllable multimaterial interface, including boundary and suture. Furthermore, we compare the VCB method and MPB method, quantitatively and comprehensively, indicating that the VCB method obtained greater mechanical strength (increased by 44.37%) and higher printing efficiency (increased by 29.48%). As an exemplar, we fabricate a muscle-like tissue with vascular tree and suture interface encapsulating C2C12 and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFB) cells, then placed in complete medium with continuous perfusion for five days. Our study suggests that the VCB method is sufficient to fabricate heterogeneous tissues with complex multimaterial interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, CHINA
| | - Kai Guo
- Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, CHINA
| | - Liming Zhang
- Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, CHINA
| | - Huixuan Zhu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, CHINA
| | - Shijie Li
- Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, CHINA
| | - Song Li
- Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, CHINA
| | - Feiyang Gao
- Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, CHINA
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichenxi Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, CHINA
| | - Qi Gu
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichenxi Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100101, CHINA
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, CHINA
| | - Xiongfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanta Street 114, Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, CHINA
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99928
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Liu JT, Liu Z. Robust tunable plasmon induced transparency in coupled-resonance finite array of metasurface nanostructure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1221. [PMID: 33441586 PMCID: PMC7806970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust and dynamically polarization-controlled tunable plasmon induced transparency (PIT) resonance in designed finite-array nanostructures metasurface is demonstrated, where sharp resonance is guaranteed by design and protected against large geometrical imperfections even for micro-zone sub-array. By employing the explicit analysis of near-field characteristic in the reciprocal-space based on the momentum matching, and the far-field radiation features with point-scattering approach in real-space sparked from Huygens’s principles, the physics of interference resonance for plane-wave optical transmission and reflection of the metasurface is theoretically and thoroughly investigated. The distinctive polarization-selective and Q-tunable PIT shows robust features to performance degradations in traditional PIT system caused by inadvertent fabrication flaws or geometry asymmetry-variations, which paves way for the development of reconfigurable and flexible metasurface and, additionally, opens new avenues in robust and multifunctional controllable nanophotonics device design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Tao Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China. .,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Computational Imaging, Xi'an, 710071, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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99929
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Park S, Kim YT, Min H, Moon SM, Lee S, Lee CY. Alkalide-Assisted Direct Electron Injection for the Noninvasive n-Type Doping of Graphene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1270-1276. [PMID: 33356113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the doping of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition is crucial in graphene-based electronics, noninvasive methods of n-type doping have not been widely investigated in comparison with p-type doping methods. We developed a convenient and robust method for the noninvasive n-type doping of graphene, wherein electrons are directly injected from sodium anions into the graphene. This method involves immersing the graphene in solutions of [K(15-crown-5)2]Na prepared by dissolving a sodium-potassium (NaK) alloy in a 15-crown-5 solution. The n-type doping of the graphene was confirmed by downshifted G and 2D bands in Raman spectra and by the Dirac point shifting to a negative voltage. The electron-injected graphene showed no sign of structural damage, exhibited higher carrier mobilities than that of pristine graphene, and remained n-doped for over a month of storage in air. In addition, we demonstrated that electron injection enhances noncovalent interactions between graphene and metallomacrocycle molecules without requiring a linker, as used in previous studies, suggesting several potential applications of the method in modifying graphene with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyegi Min
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Moon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Young Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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99930
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Lebedeva O, Kultin D, Kalmykov K, Snytko V, Kuznetsova I, Orekhov A, Zakharov A, Kustov L. Nanorolls Decorated with Nanotubes as a Novel Type of Nanostructures: Fast Anodic Oxidation of Amorphous Fe-Cr-B Alloy in Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:2025-2032. [PMID: 33397077 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of oxide nanorolls decorated with nanotubes during anodic oxidation of amorphous Fe70Cr15B15 alloy in hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IL) was revealed. The unusual architecture was observed for the first time on the surface of amorphous alloy. The generation of the novel type of nanostructure by electrochemical oxidation of the amorphous Fe70Cr15B15 alloy occurs only in hydrophobic ionic liquid and in the presence of the natural oxide film at the surface. Anodization of the oxide-free metal surface of the amorphous Fe70Cr15B15 alloy to be achieved by the treatment of the electrode with benzoic acid was found to result in no formation of both nanorolls and nanotubes. Electrochemical behavior of the amorphous Fe70Cr15B15 alloy in ionic liquid was proved to depend strongly on the state of the electrode surface before oxidation. The influence of the state of the surface of amorphous Fe70Cr15B15 alloy leading to the nanostructure formation was studied by means of preliminary partial etching with benzoic acid of various concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lebedeva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kultin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Konstantin Kalmykov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victoria Snytko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina Kuznetsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Orekhov
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 59 Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Alexandre Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Moscow N.E. Bauman State Technical University, 2-ya Baumanskaya 5, Moscow 105005, Russia
| | - Leonid Kustov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
- National Science and Technology University "MISiS", Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
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99931
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Lima MP, Besse R, Da Silva JLF. Ab initio investigation of topological phase transitions induced by pressure in trilayer van der Waals structures: the example of h-BN/SnTe/h-BN. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:025003. [PMID: 32756023 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abac8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The combination of two-dimensional crystals through the formation of van der Waals bilayers, trilayers, and heterostructures has been considered a promising route to design new materials due to the possibility of tuning their properties through the control of the number of layers, alloying pressure, strain, and other tuning mechanisms. Here, we report a density functional theory study on the interlayer phonon coupling and electronic structure of the trilayer h-BN/SnTe/h-BN, and the effects of pressure on the encapsulation of this trilayer system. Our findings demonstrated the establishment of a type I junction in the system, with a trivial bandgap of 0.55 eV, which is 10 % lower than the free-standing SnTe one. The almost inert h-BN capping layers allow a topological phase transition at a pressure of 13.5 GPa, in which the system evolves from a trivial insulator to a topological insulator. In addition, with further increase of the pressure up to 35 GPa, the non-trivial energy bandgap increases up to 0.30 eV. This behavior is especially relevant to allow experimental access to topological properties of materials, since large non-trivial energy bandgaps are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus P Lima
- Department of Physics, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Besse
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juarez L F Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, PO Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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99932
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Rehn SM, Gerrard-Anderson TM, Qiao L, Zhu Q, Wehmeyer G, Jones MR. Mechanical Reshaping of Inorganic Nanostructures with Weak Nanoscale Forces. Nano Lett 2021; 21:130-135. [PMID: 33301332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials are often depicted as rigid structures whose shape is permanent. However, forces that are ordinarily considered weak can exert sufficient stress at the nanoscale to drive mechanical deformation. Here, we leverage van der Waals (VdW) interactions to mechanically reshape inorganic nanostructures from planar to curvilinear. Modified plate deformation theory shows that high-aspect-ratio two-dimensional particles can be plastically deformed via VdW forces. Informed by this finding, silver nanoplates were deformed over spherical iron oxide template particles, resulting in distinctive bend contour patterns in bright-field (BF) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. High-resolution TEM images of deformed areas reveal the presence of highly strained bonds in the material. Finally, we show that the distance between two nearby template particles allows for the engineering of several distinct curvilinear morphologies. This work challenges the traditional view of nanoparticles as static objects and introduces methods for postsynthetic mechanical shape control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Rehn
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | | | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Geoff Wehmeyer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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99933
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Grotevent MJ, Hail CU, Yakunin S, Bachmann D, Kara G, Dirin DN, Calame M, Poulikakos D, Kovalenko MV, Shorubalko I. Temperature-Dependent Charge Carrier Transfer in Colloidal Quantum Dot/Graphene Infrared Photodetectors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:848-856. [PMID: 33350310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal PbS quantum dot (QD)/graphene hybrid photodetectors are emerging QD technologies for affordable infrared light detectors. By interfacing the QDs with graphene, the photosignal of these detectors is amplified, leading to high responsivity values. While these detectors have been mainly operated at room temperature, low-temperature operation is required for extending their spectral sensitivity beyond a wavelength of 3 μm. Here, we unveil the temperature-dependent response of PbS QD/graphene phototransistors by performing steady-state and time-dependent measurements over a large temperature range of 80-300 K. We find that the temperature dependence of photoinduced charge carrier transfer from the QD layer to graphene is (i) not impeded by freeze-out of the (Schottky-like) potential barrier at low temperatures, (ii) tremendously sensitive to QD surface states (surface oxidation), and (iii) minimally affected by the ligand exposure time and QD layer thickness. Moreover, the specific detectivity of our detectors increases with cooling, with a maximum measured specific detectivity of at least 1010 Jones at a wavelength of 1280 nm and a temperature of 80 K, which is an order of magnitude larger compared to the corresponding room temperature value. The temperature- and gate voltage-dependent characterization presented here constitutes an important step in expanding our knowledge of charge transfer at interfaces of low-dimensional materials and toward the realization of next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Grotevent
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Claudio U Hail
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergii Yakunin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Bachmann
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gökhan Kara
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michel Calame
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Shorubalko
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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99934
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Gu K, Wang Y, Li R, Tsai E, Onorato JW, Luscombe CK, Priestley RD, Loo YL. Role of Postdeposition Thermal Annealing on Intracrystallite and Intercrystallite Structuring and Charge Transport in Poly(3-hexylthiophene). ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:999-1007. [PMID: 33372509 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of electronic devices comprising conjugated polymers as the active layer depends not only on the intrinsic characteristics of the materials but also on the details of the extrinsic processing conditions. In this study, we examine the effect of postdeposition thermal treatments on the microstructure of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films and its impact on their electrical properties. Unsurprisingly, we find thermal annealing of P3HT thin films to generally increase their crystallinity and crystallite coherence length while retaining the same crystal structure. Despite such favorable structural improvements of the polymer active layers, however, thermal annealing at high temperatures can lead to a net reduction in the mobility of transistors, implicating structural changes in the intercrystallite amorphous regions of these semicrystalline active layers take place on annealing, and the simplistic picture that crystallinity governs charge transport is not always valid. Our results instead suggest tie-chain pullout, which occurs during crystal growth and perfection upon thermal annealing to govern charge transport, particularly in low-molecular-weight systems in which the tie-chain fraction is low. By demonstrating the interplay between intracrystallite and intercrystallite structuring in determining the macroscopic charge transport, we shed light on how structural evolution and charge-transport properties of nominally the same polymer can vary depending on the details of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichen Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Esther Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jonathan W Onorato
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rodney D Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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99935
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Chen Q, Lai D, He L, Li E, Liu Y, Zeng H, Chen H, Guo T. High-Performance Vertical Organic Phototransistors Enhanced by Ferroelectrics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1035-1042. [PMID: 33378165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic phototransistors with high sensitivity and responsivity to light irradiance have great potential applications in national defense, meteorology, industrial manufacturing, and medical security. However, undesired dark current and photoresponsivity limit their practical applications. Here, a novel vertical organic phototransistor combined with ferroelectric materials is developed. The device structure has nanometer channel length, which can effectively separate photogenerated carriers and reduce the probability of carrier recombination and defect scattering, thus improving the device performance of phototransistors. Moreover, by inserting the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) ferroelectric layer, the Schottky barrier at the interface between the semiconductor and source can be adjusted by the polarization of the external electric field, which can effectively reduce the dark current of the phototransistor to further improve the device performance. Therefore, our phototransistors exhibit a high photoresponsivity of more than 5.7 × 105A/W, an outstanding detectivity of 1.15 × 1018 Jones, and an excellent photosensitivity of 5 × 107 under 760 nm light illumination, which are better than those of conventional lateral organic phototransistors. This work provides a new approach for the development of high-performance phototransistors, which opens a new pathway for organic phototransistors in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhen Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dengxiao Lai
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihua He
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Enlong Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huaan Zeng
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350100, China
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99936
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Wang CY, Sang Y, Yang X, Raja SS, Cheng CW, Li H, Ding Y, Sun S, Ahn H, Shih CK, Gwo S, Shi J. Engineering Giant Rabi Splitting via Strong Coupling between Localized and Propagating Plasmon Modes on Metal Surface Lattices: Observation of √N Scaling Rule. Nano Lett 2021; 21:605-611. [PMID: 33350840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a strong coupling system realized by coupling the localized surface plasmon mode in individual silver nanogrooves and propagating surface plasmon modes launched by periodic nanogroove arrays with varied periodicities on a continuous silver medium. When the propagating modes are in resonance with the localized mode, we observe a √N scaling of Rabi splitting energy, where N is the number of propagating modes coupled to the localized mode. Here, we confirm a giant Rabi splitting on the order of 450-660 meV (N = 2) in the visible spectral range, and the corresponding coupling strength is 160-235 meV. In some of the strong coupling cases studied by us, the coupling strength is about 10% of the mode energy, reaching the ultrastrong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuan Wang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yungang Sang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Soniya S Raja
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Haozhi Li
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yufeng Ding
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuoyan Sun
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hyeyoung Ahn
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Shih
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jinwei Shi
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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99937
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Infante
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
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99938
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Lyu P, Zhu J, Han C, Qiang L, Zhang L, Mei B, He J, Liu X, Bian Z, Li H. Self-Driven Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via Interfacial Oxygen Vacancies on Carbon-Coated TiO 2-x with Versatile Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:2033-2043. [PMID: 33378149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effective activation and utilization of O2 have always been the focus of scientists because of its wide applications in catalysis, organic synthesis, life and medical science. Here, a novel method for activating O2 spontaneously via interfacial oxygen vacancies on carbon-coated TiO2-x to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) with versatile applications is reported. The interfacial oxygen vacancies can be stabilized by the carbon layer and hold its intrinsic properties for spontaneous oxygen activation without light irradiation, while common surface oxygen vacancies on TiO2-x are always consumed by the capture of H2O to form the surface hydroxyls. Thus, O2 absorbed at the interface of carbon and TiO2-x can be directly activated into singlet oxygen (1O2) or superoxide radicals (·O2-), confirmed both experimentally and theoretically. These reactive oxygen species exhibit excellent performance in oxidation reactions and inhibition of MCF-7 cancer cells, providing new insight into the effective utilization of O2 via oxygen vacancies on metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Lyu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, International Joint Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, International Joint Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Chongchong Han
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, International Joint Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qiang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, International Joint Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Bingbao Mei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jiehong He
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, International Joint Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, International Joint Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Bian
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, International Joint Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Hexing Li
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, International Joint Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
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99939
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Chernysheva D, Pudova L, Popov Y, Smirnova N, Maslova O, Allix M, Rakhmatullin A, Leontyev N, Nikolaev A, Leontyev I. Non-Isothermal Decomposition as Efficient and Simple Synthesis Method of NiO/C Nanoparticles for Asymmetric Supercapacitors. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11010187. [PMID: 33450986 PMCID: PMC7828437 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of NiO/C nanocomposites with NiO concentrations ranging from 10 to 90 wt% was synthesized using a simple and efficient two-step method based on non-isothermal decomposition of Nickel(II) bis(acetylacetonate). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of these NiO/C nanocomposites demonstrate the presence of β-NiO. NiO/C nanocomposites are composed of spherical particles distributed over the carbon support surface. The average diameter of nickel oxide spheres increases with the NiO content and are estimated as 36, 50 and 205 nm for nanocomposites with 10, 50 and 80 wt% NiO concentrations, respectively. In turn, each NiO sphere contains several nickel oxide nanoparticles, whose average sizes are 7–8 nm. According to the tests performed using a three-electrode cell, specific capacitance (SC) of NiO/C nanocomposites increases from 200 to 400 F/g as the NiO content achieves a maximum of 60 wt% concentration, after which the SC decreases. The study of the NiO/C composite showing the highest SC in three- and two-electrode cells reveals that its SC remains almost unchanged while increasing the current density, and the sample demonstrates excellent cycling stability properties. Finally, NiO/C (60% NiO) composites are shown to be promising materials for charging quartz clocks with a power rating of 1.5 V (30 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Chernysheva
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (D.C.); (L.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ludmila Pudova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (D.C.); (L.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Yuri Popov
- Physics Department, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Nina Smirnova
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (D.C.); (L.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Olga Maslova
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 346428 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Mathieu Allix
- CNRS, CEMHTI UPR3079, Univ. Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France; (M.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Aydar Rakhmatullin
- CNRS, CEMHTI UPR3079, Univ. Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France; (M.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Nikolay Leontyev
- Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute, Don State Agrarian University, Rostov region, 347740 Zernograd, Russia;
| | - Andrey Nikolaev
- Research and Education Center “Materials”, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Igor Leontyev
- Physics Department, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-918-552-4024
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99940
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Deng S, Jiang X, Chen L, Qi N, Tang X, Chen Z. Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance in AgCuTe 1-xSe x through Isoelectronic Substitution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:868-877. [PMID: 33393286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a series of x polycrystalline AgCuTe1-xSe samples with high thermoelectric performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data suggest the observation of Ag+, Cu+, Te2-, and Se2- states of Ag, Cu, Te, and Se. Meanwhile, the carrier concentration of the obtained p-type samples changes from 9.12 × 1018 to 0.86 × 1018 cm-3 as their carrier mobility varies from 698.55 to 410.12 cm2·V-1·s-1 at 300 K. Compared with undoped AgCuTe, an ultralow thermal conductivity is realized in AgCuTe1-xSex due to the enhanced phonon scattering. Ultimately, a maximum figure of merit (ZT) of ∼1.45 at 573 K and a high average ZT above 1.0 at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 773 K can be achieved in AgCuTe0.9Se0.1, which increases by 186% compared to that of the undoped AgCuTe (0.82 at 573 K). This work provides a viable insight toward understanding the effect of the Se atom on the lattice structure and thermoelectric properties of AgCuTe and other transition-metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Deng
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianyan Jiang
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lili Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ning Qi
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinfeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid State Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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99941
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Wu K, Chen J, Ma H, Wan L, Hu W, Yang J. Two-Dimensional Giant Tunable Rashba Semiconductors with Two-Atom-Thick Buckled Honeycomb Structure. Nano Lett 2021; 21:740-746. [PMID: 33356331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spin field-effect transistors (SFETs) based on the Rashba effect could manipulate the spin of electrons electrically, while seeking desirable Rashba semiconductors with large Rashba constant and strong electric-field response, to preserve spin coherence remains a key challenge. Herein, we propose a series of 2D Rashba semiconductors with two-atom-thick buckled honeycomb structure (BHS) according to high-throughput first-principles density functional theory calculations. BHS semiconductors show large Rashba constants that are favorable to be integrated into nanodevices superior to conventional bulk materials, and they can be fabricated by mechanical exfoliation or chemical vapor deposition. In particular, 2D AlBi monolayer has the largest Rashba constant (2.77 eVÅ) of all 2D Rashba materials. Furthermore, 2D BiSb monolayer is a promising candidate for SFETs due to its large Rashba constant (1.94 eVÅ) and strong electric field response (0.92 eÅ2). Our designed 2D-BiSb-SFET shows shorter spin channel length (42 nm with strain) than conventional SFETs (2-5 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lingyun Wan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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99942
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Abstract
We first report two-dimensional (2D) perovskite Ca2Nb3O10 ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs), which are prepared via a facile calcination-exfoliation method. The 2D Ca2Nb3O10 PDs demonstrate high performance at 3 V at 280 nm, high responsivity (14.94 A W-1), high detectivity (8.7 × 1013 Jones), high spectral selectivity (R280/R400 = 8.84 × 103), fast speed (0.08/5.6 ms), and long-term stability, exceeding those of most reported UV PDs. Furthermore, the Ca2Nb3O10 PDs integrated with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) show excellent flexibility and have high linear dynamic range (96 dB). Our work provides a general strategy for searching new UV PDs based on numerous layered niobates. The Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets may be one of the optimum semiconductor materials for next-generation high-performance UV PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ziliang Li
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinya Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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99943
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Calavalle F, Dreher P, Surdendran AP, Wan W, Timpel M, Verucchi R, Rogero C, Bauch T, Lombardi F, Casanova F, Nardi MV, Ugeda MM, Hueso LE, Gobbi M. Tailoring Superconductivity in Large-Area Single -Layer NbSe 2 via Self-Assembled Molecular Adlayers. Nano Lett 2021; 21:136-143. [PMID: 33274947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) represent an ideal testbench for the search of materials by design, because their optoelectronic properties can be manipulated through surface engineering and molecular functionalization. However, the impact of molecules on intrinsic physical properties of TMDs, such as superconductivity, remains largely unexplored. In this work, the critical temperature (TC) of large-area NbSe2 monolayers is manipulated, employing ultrathin molecular adlayers. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that aligned molecular dipoles within the self-assembled layers act as a fixed gate terminal, collectively generating a macroscopic electrostatic field on NbSe2. This results in an ∼55% increase and a 70% decrease in TC depending on the electric field polarity, which is controlled via molecular selection. The reported functionalization, which improves the air stability of NbSe2, is efficient, practical, up-scalable, and suited to functionalize large-area TMDs. Our results indicate the potential of hybrid 2D materials as a novel platform for tunable superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Dreher
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country 20018, Spain
| | - Ananthu P Surdendran
- Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Wen Wan
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country 20018, Spain
| | - Melanie Timpel
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Trento unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, Povo, Trento IT-38123, Italy
| | - Roberto Verucchi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Trento unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, Povo, Trento IT-38123, Italy
| | - Celia Rogero
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country 20018, Spain
| | - Thilo Bauch
- Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Floriana Lombardi
- Quantum Device Physics Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country 48013, Spain
| | - Marco Vittorio Nardi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, IMEM-CNR, Trento unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, Povo, Trento IT-38123, Italy
| | - Miguel M Ugeda
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country 48013, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country 20018, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country 48013, Spain
| | - Marco Gobbi
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country 20018, Spain
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Basque Country 48013, Spain
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99944
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Benyamini A, Kennes DM, Telford EJ, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Millis AJ, Hone J, Dean CR, Pasupathy AN. Nonmonotonic Temperature-Dependent Dissipation at Nonequilibrium in Atomically Thin Clean-Limit Superconductors. Nano Lett 2021; 21:583-589. [PMID: 33372802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resistance in superconductors arises from the motion of vortices driven by flowing supercurrents or external electromagnetic fields and may be strongly affected by thermal or quantum fluctuations. The common expectation is that as the temperature is lowered, vortex motion is suppressed, leading to a decreased resistance. We show experimentally that in clean-limit atomically thin 2H-NbSe2 the resistance below the superconducting transition temperature may be nonmonotonic, passing through a minimum before increasing again as the temperature is decreased further. The effect is most pronounced in monolayer devices and cannot be understood in terms of known mechanisms. We propose a qualitative two-fluid vortex model in which thermal fluctuations of pinned vortices control the mobility of the free vortices. The findings provide a new perspective on fundamental questions of vortex mobility and dissipation in superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai Benyamini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dante M Kennes
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Evan J Telford
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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99945
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Yin Q, Guo Q, Wang Z, Chen Y, Duan H, Cheng P. 3D-Printed Bioinspired Cassie-Baxter Wettability for Controllable Microdroplet Manipulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1979-1987. [PMID: 33351582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is a great challenge to fabricate a surface with Cassie-Baxter wettability that can be continuously adjusted from hydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity by changing of geometric parameters. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a bioinspired surface fabricated by using a projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL) based 3D printing technique to address the challenge. Independent of materials, the bioinspired textured surface has a maximum contact angle (CA) of 171°, which is even higher than that of the omniphobic springtail skin we try to imitate. Most significantly, we are able to control the CA of the bioinspired surface in the range of 55-171° and the adhesion force from 71 to 99 μN continuously by only changing the geometric parameters of the bioinspired microstructures. The underlying mechanisms of the CA control of our bioinspired surface are also revealed by using a multi-phase lattice Boltzmann model. Furthermore, we demonstrate potential applications in droplet-based microreactors, nonloss water transportation, and coalescence of water droplets by employing our 3D-printed bioinspired structures with their remarkable precise Cassie-Baxter wettability control and petal effects. The present results potentially pave a new way for designing next generation functional surfaces for microdroplet manipulation, droplet-based biodetection, antifouling surfaces, and cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Yin
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Huigao Duan
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ping Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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99946
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Nezval D, Bartošík M, Mach J, Piastek J, Švarc V, Konečný M, Šikola T. Density functional study of gallium clusters on graphene: electronic doping and diffusion. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:025002. [PMID: 32906101 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by experimental results on transport properties of graphene covered by gallium atoms, the density functional theory study of clustering of gallium atoms on graphene (up to a size of 8 atoms) is presented. The paper explains a rapid initial increase of graphene electron doping by individual Ga atoms with Ga coverage, which is continually reduced to zero, when bigger multiple-atom clusters have been formed. According to density functional theory calculations with and without the van der Waals correction, gallium atoms start to form a three-dimensional cluster from five and three atoms, respectively. The results also explain an easy diffusion of Ga atoms while forming clusters caused by a small diffusion barrier of 0.11 eV. Moreover, the calculations show this barrier can be additionally reduced by the application of an external electric field, which was simulated by the ionization of graphene. This effect offers a unique possibility to control the cluster size in experiments only by applying a gate-voltage to the graphene in a field-effect transistor geometry and thereby without growth temperature assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nezval
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Bartošík
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 275, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - J Mach
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Piastek
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Švarc
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Konečný
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Šikola
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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99947
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Qiu P, Yao Y, Li W, Sun Y, Jiang Z, Mei B, Gu L, Zhang Q, Shang T, Yu X, Yang J, Fang Y, Zhu G, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Zhao T, Jiang W, Fan Y, Wang L, Ma B, Liu L, Yu Y, Luo W. Sub-nanometric Manganous Oxide Clusters in Nitrogen Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. Nano Lett 2021; 21:700-708. [PMID: 33301324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The greatest challenge for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries application is the development of cathode hosts to address the low conductivity, huge volume change, and shuttling effect of sulfur or lithium polysulfides (LiPs). Herein, we demonstrate a composite host to circumvent these problems by confining sub-nanometric manganous oxide clusters (MOCs) in nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets. The atomic structure of MOCs is well-characterized and optimized via the extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Benefiting from the unique design, the assembled Li-S battery displays remarkable electrochemical performances including a high reversible capacity (990 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g-1) and a superior cycle life (60% retention over 250 cycles at 2 A g-1). Both the experimental results and DFT calculations demonstrate that the well-dispersed MOCs could significantly promote the chemisorption of LiPs, thus greatly improving the capacity and rate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201213, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Bingbao Mei
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201213, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tongtong Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guihua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ziling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuchi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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99948
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Burks EC, Gilbert DA, Murray PD, Flores C, Felter TE, Charnvanichborikarn S, Kucheyev SO, Colvin JD, Yin G, Liu K. 3D Nanomagnetism in Low Density Interconnected Nanowire Networks. Nano Lett 2021; 21:716-722. [PMID: 33301687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Free-standing, interconnected metallic nanowire networks with densities as low as 40 mg/cm3 have been achieved over centimeter-scale areas, using electrodeposition into polycarbonate membranes that have been ion-tracked at multiple angles. Networks of interconnected magnetic nanowires further provide an exciting platform to explore 3-dimensional nanomagnetism, where their structure, topology, and frustration may be used as additional degrees of freedom to tailor the materials properties. New magnetization reversal mechanisms in cobalt networks are captured by the first-order reversal curve method, which demonstrate the evolution from strong demagnetizing dipolar interactions to intersection-mediated domain wall pinning and propagation, and eventually to shape-anisotropy dominated magnetization reversal. These findings open up new possibilities for 3-dimensional integrated magnetic devices for memory, complex computation, and neuromorphics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Burks
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Dustin A Gilbert
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Peyton D Murray
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Chad Flores
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Thomas E Felter
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | | | - Sergei O Kucheyev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Colvin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Gen Yin
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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99949
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Zhou J, Qian H, Chen CF, Chen L, Liu Z. Kerr Metasurface Enabled by Metallic Quantum Wells. Nano Lett 2021; 21:330-336. [PMID: 33337884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces have emerged as promising candidates for multifunctional devices. Dynamically reconfigurable metasurfaces have been introduced by employing phase-change materials or by applying voltage, heat, or strain. While existing metasurfaces exhibit appealing properties, they do not express any significant nonlinear effects due to the negligible nonlinear responses from the typical materials used to build the metasurface. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate one kind of Kerr metasurface that shows strong intensity-dependent responses. The Kerr metasurface is composed of a top layer of gold antennas, a dielectric spacer, and a ground layer of metallic quantum wells (MQWs). Because of the large Kerr nonlinearity supported by the MQWs, the effective optical properties of the MQWs can change from metallic to dielectric with increasing of the input intensity, leading to dramatic modifications of the metasurface responses. This opens up new routes for potential applications in the field of nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Haoliang Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ching-Fu Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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99950
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Panda AK, K R, Gebrekrstos A, Bose S, Markandeya YS, Mehta B, Basu B. Tunable Substrate Functionalities Direct Stem Cell Fate toward Electrophysiologically Distinguishable Neuron-like and Glial-like Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:164-185. [PMID: 33356098 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineering cellular microenvironment on a functional platform using various biophysical cues to modulate stem cell fate has been the central theme in regenerative engineering. Among the various biophysical cues to direct stem cell differentiation, the critical role of physiologically relevant electric field (EF) stimulation was established in the recent past. The present study is the first to report the strategy to switch EF-mediated differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) between neuronal and glial pathways, using tailored functional properties of the biomaterial substrate. We have examined the combinatorial effect of substrate functionalities (conductivity, electroactivity, and topography) on the EF-mediated stem cell differentiation on polyvinylidene-difluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites in vitro, without any biochemical inducers. The functionalities of PVDF have been tailored using conducting nanofiller (multiwall-carbon nanotube, MWNT) and piezoceramic (BaTiO3, BT) by an optimized processing approach (melt mixing-compression molding-rolling). The DC conductivity of PVDF nanocomposites was tuned from ∼10-11 to ∼10-4 S/cm and the dielectric constant from ∼10 to ∼300. The phenotypical changes and genotypical expression of hMSCs revealed the signatures of early differentiation toward neuronal pathway on rolled-PVDF/MWNT and late differentiation toward glial lineage on rolled-PVDF/BT/MWNT. Moreover, we were able to distinguish the physiological properties of differentiated neuron-like and glial-like cells using membrane depolarization and mechanical stimulation. The excitability of the EF-stimulated hMSCs was also determined using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Mechanistically, the roles of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ oscillations, and synaptic and gap junction proteins in directing the cellular fate have been established. Therefore, the present work critically unveils complex yet synergistic interaction of substrate functional properties to direct EF-mediated differentiation toward neuron-like and glial-like cells, with distinguishable electrophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Kumar Panda
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ravikumar K
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Amanuel Gebrekrstos
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Yogananda S Markandeya
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Bhupesh Mehta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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