99901
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Liu C, Yang Z, Li R, Wu Y, Chi M, Gao S, Sun X, Meng X, Wang B. Potential roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in immune cells. J Transl Med 2021; 19:251. [PMID: 34103054 PMCID: PMC8186046 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is one of the most common internal modifications on RNA molecules present in mammalian cells. Deregulation of m6A modification has been recently implicated in many types of human diseases. Therefore, m6A modification has become a research hotspot for its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of various diseases. The immune system mostly involves different types of immune cells to provide the first line of defense against infections. The immunoregulatory network that orchestrate the immune responses to new pathogens plays a pivotal role in the development of the disease. And m6A modification has been demonstrated to be a major post-transcriptional regulator of immune responses in cells. In this review, we summarize the participants involved in m6A regulation and try to reveal how m6A modification affects the immune responses via changing the immunoregulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanJing North Road, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanju Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuting Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, , No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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99902
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Alonso-Lavin AJ, Bajić D, Poyatos JF. Tolerance to NADH/NAD + imbalance anticipates aging and anti-aging interventions. iScience 2021; 24:102697. [PMID: 34195572 PMCID: PMC8239738 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox couples coordinate cellular function, but the consequences of their imbalances are unclear. This is somewhat associated with the limitations of their experimental quantification. Here we circumvent these difficulties by presenting an approach that characterizes fitness-based tolerance profiles to redox couple imbalances using an in silico representation of metabolism. Focusing on the NADH/NAD+ redox couple in yeast, we demonstrate that reductive disequilibria generate metabolic syndromes comparable to those observed in cancer cells. The tolerance of yeast mutants to redox disequilibrium can also explain 30% of the variability in their experimentally measured chronological lifespan. Moreover, by predicting the significance of some metabolites to help stand imbalances, we correctly identify nutrients underlying mechanisms of pathology, lifespan-protecting molecules, or caloric restriction mimetics. Tolerance to redox imbalances becomes, in this way, a sound framework to recognize properties of the aging phenotype while providing a consistent biological rationale to assess anti-aging interventions. We simulate how imbalances in NADH/NAD+ ratio modify cellular metabolic behavior This reveals a mechanism to understand metabolic alterations at low growth rates Tolerance to imbalance explains experimentally measured lifespan in yeast We predict lifespan-protecting metabolites in yeast, animal, and human models
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvar J. Alonso-Lavin
- Logic of Genomic Systems Laboratory (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Djordje Bajić
- Logic of Genomic Systems Laboratory (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juan F. Poyatos
- Logic of Genomic Systems Laboratory (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, USA
- Corresponding author
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99903
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Wang C, Haas M, Yeo SK, Sebti S, Fernández ÁF, Zou Z, Levine B, Guan JL. Enhanced autophagy in Becn1F121A/F121A knockin mice counteracts aging-related neural stem cell exhaustion and dysfunction. Autophagy 2021; 18:409-422. [PMID: 34101533 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1936358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is emerging as a major pathway that regulates both aging and stem cell function. Previous studies have demonstrated a positive correlation of autophagy with longevity; however, these studies did not directly address the consequence of altered autophagy in stem cells during aging. In this study, we used Becn1F121A/F121A knockin mice (designated as Becn1 KI mice) with the F121A allele in the autophagy gene Becn1 to investigate the consequences of enhanced autophagy in postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) during aging. We found that increased autophagy protected NSCs from exhaustion and promoted neurogenesis in old (≥18-months-old) mice compared with age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, although it did not affect NSCs in young (3-months-old) mice. After pharmacologically-induced elimination of proliferative cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ), there was enhanced re-activation of quiescent NSCs in old Becn1 KI mice as compared to those in WT mice, with more efficient exit from quiescent status to generate proliferative cells and neuroblasts. Moreover, there was also improved maintenance and increased neuronal differentiation of NSCs isolated from the SVZ of old Becn1 KI mice in in vitro assays. Lastly, the increased neurogenesis in Becn1 KI mice was associated with better olfactory function in aged animals. Together, our results suggest a protective role of increased autophagy in aging NSCs, which may help the development of novel strategies to treat age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Haas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Syn Kok Yeo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Salwa Sebti
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Álvaro F Fernández
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhongju Zou
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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99904
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Van Battum E, Heitz-Marchaland C, Zagar Y, Fouquet S, Kuner R, Chédotal A. Plexin-B2 controls the timing of differentiation and the motility of cerebellar granule neurons. eLife 2021; 10:60554. [PMID: 34100719 PMCID: PMC8211449 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plexin-B2 deletion leads to aberrant lamination of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) and Purkinje cells. Although in the cerebellum Plexin-B2 is only expressed by proliferating CGN precursors in the outer external granule layer (oEGL), its function in CGN development is still elusive. Here, we used 3D imaging, in vivo electroporation and live-imaging techniques to study CGN development in novel cerebellum-specific Plxnb2 conditional knockout mice. We show that proliferating CGNs in Plxnb2 mutants not only escape the oEGL and mix with newborn postmitotic CGNs. Furthermore, motility of mitotic precursors and early postmitotic CGNs is altered. Together, this leads to the formation of ectopic patches of CGNs at the cerebellar surface and an intermingling of normally time-stamped parallel fibers in the molecular layer (ML), and aberrant arborization of Purkinje cell dendrites. There results suggest that Plexin-B2 restricts CGN motility and might have a function in cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eljo Van Battum
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Yvrick Zagar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Fouquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Pharmacology Institute, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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99905
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Esteves de Lima J, Bou Akar R, Machado L, Li Y, Drayton-Libotte B, Dilworth FJ, Relaix F. HIRA stabilizes skeletal muscle lineage identity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3450. [PMID: 34103504 PMCID: PMC8187366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic mechanisms coordinating the maintenance of adult cellular lineages and the inhibition of alternative cell fates remain poorly understood. Here we show that targeted ablation of the histone chaperone HIRA in myogenic cells leads to extensive transcriptional modifications, consistent with a role in maintaining skeletal muscle cellular identity. We demonstrate that conditional ablation of HIRA in muscle stem cells of adult mice compromises their capacity to regenerate and self-renew, leading to tissue repair failure. Chromatin analysis of Hira-deficient cells show a significant reduction of histone variant H3.3 deposition and H3K27ac modification at regulatory regions of muscle genes. Additionally, we find that genes from alternative lineages are ectopically expressed in Hira-mutant cells via MLL1/MLL2-mediated increase of H3K4me3 mark at silent promoter regions. Therefore, we conclude that HIRA sustains the chromatin landscape governing muscle cell lineage identity via incorporation of H3.3 at muscle gene regulatory regions, while preventing the expression of alternative lineage genes. The epigenetic mechanisms coordinating the maintenance of adult cellular lineages remain poorly understood. Here the authors demonstrate that HIRA, a H3.3 histone chaperone, establishes the chromatin landscape required for skeletal muscle cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reem Bou Akar
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Léo Machado
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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99906
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Lee J, Ng KGL, Dombek KM, Eom DS, Kwon YV. Tumors overcome the action of the wasting factor ImpL2 by locally elevating Wnt/Wingless. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2020120118. [PMID: 34078667 PMCID: PMC8201939 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020120118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors often secrete wasting factors associated with atrophy and the degeneration of host tissues. If tumors were to be affected by the wasting factors, mechanisms allowing tumors to evade the adverse effects of the wasting factors must exist, and impairing such mechanisms may attenuate tumors. We use Drosophila midgut tumor models to show that tumors up-regulate Wingless (Wg) to oppose the growth-impeding effects caused by the wasting factor, ImpL2 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein [IGFBP]-related protein). Growth of Yorkie (Yki)-induced tumors is dependent on Wg while either elimination of ImpL2 or elevation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling in tumors revokes this dependency. Notably, Wg augmentation could be a general mechanism for supporting the growth of tumors with elevated ImpL2 and exploited to attenuate muscle degeneration during wasting. Our study elucidates the mechanism by which tumors negate the action of ImpL2 to uphold their growth during cachexia-like wasting and implies that targeting the Wnt/Wg pathway might be an efficient treatment strategy for cancers with elevated IGFBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Katelyn G-L Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Kenneth M Dombek
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Dae Seok Eom
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Young V Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
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99907
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Pinel L, Cyr DG. Self-renewal and differentiation of rat Epididymal basal cells using a novel in vitro organoid model. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:987-1001. [PMID: 34104939 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epididymis is composed of a pseudostratified epithelium comprised of various cell types. Studies have shown that rat basal cells share common properties with adult stem cells and begin to differentiate in vitro in response to fibroblast growth factor and 5α-dihydrotestosterone. The characterization of rat basal cells is therefore necessary to fully understand the role of these cells. The objectives of this study were to assess the ability of single basal cells to develop organoids and to assess their ability to self-renew and differentiate in vitro. We isolated basal cells from the rat epididymis and established 3-dimensional cell cultures from the basal and non-basal cell fractions. Organoids were formed by single adult epididymal basal cells. Organoids were dissociated into single basal cells which were able to reform new organoids, and were maintained over 10 generations. Long-term culture of organoids revealed that these cells could differentiated into cells expressing the principal cell markers aquaporin 9 and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Electron microscopy demonstrated that organoids were comprised of several polarized cell types displaying microvilli and the ability to form tight junctions. Additionally, organoids could be formed by basal cells from either the proximal or distal region of the epididymis, and are able to secrete clusterin, a protein implicated in the maturation of spermatozoa. These data indicate that rat basal cells can be used to derive epididymal organoids, and further supports that notion that these may represent a stem cell population in the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Pinel
- Laboratory for Reproductive Toxicology, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, University of Quebec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Daniel G Cyr
- Laboratory for Reproductive Toxicology, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, University of Quebec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
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99908
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Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are central to defense against respiratory pathogens. Impediments in restoring AMs after infection increase the risk for superinfection, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this issue of Immunity, Zhu et al. report a Wnt-β-catenin-HIF-1α axis in AMs that promotes an inflammatory phenotype while restricting proliferation and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomeka Suber
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Matthew J Camiolo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
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99909
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Shalygin A, Kolesnikov D, Glushankova L, Gusev K, Skopin A, Skobeleva K, Kaznacheyeva EV. Role of STIM2 and Orai proteins in regulating TRPC1 channel activity upon calcium store depletion. Cell Calcium 2021; 97:102432. [PMID: 34157631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated calcium channels are the major player in calcium signaling in non-excitable cells. Store-operated calcium entry is associated with the Orai, stromal interaction molecule (STIM), and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) protein families. Researchers have provided conflicting data about TRPC1 channel regulation by Orai and STIM. To determine how Orai and STIM influence endogenous TRPC1 pore properties and regulation, we used single channel patch-clamp recordings. Here we showed that knockout or knockdown of Orai1 or Orai3 or overexpression of the dominant-negative mutant Orai1 E106Q did not change the conductance or selectivity of single TRPC1 channels. In addition, these TRPC1 channel properties did not depend on the amount of STIM1 and STIM2 proteins. To study STIM2-mediated regulation of TRPC1 channels, we utilized partial calcium store depletion induced by application of 10 nM thapsigargin (Tg). TRPC1 activation by endogenous STIM2 was greatly decreased in acute extracellular calcium-free experiments. STIM2 overexpression increased both the basal activity and number of silent TRPC1 channels in the plasma membrane. After calcium store depletion, overexpressed STIM2 directly activated TRPC1 in the plasma membrane even without calcium entry in acute experiments. However, this effect was abrogated by co-expression with the non-permeable Orai1 E106Q mutant protein. Taken together, our single-channel patch clamp experiments clearly demonstrated that endogenous TRPC1 forms a channel pore without involving Orai proteins. Calcium entry through Orai triggered TRPC1 channel activation in the plasma membrane, while subsequent STIM2-mediated TRPC1 activity regulation was not dependent on calcium entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shalygin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - D Kolesnikov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - L Glushankova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - K Gusev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - A Skopin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - K Skobeleva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - E V Kaznacheyeva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
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99910
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Progress in the therapeutic inhibition of Cdc42 signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1443-1456. [PMID: 34100887 PMCID: PMC8286826 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, controlling cell motility, polarity and cell cycle progression. It signals downstream of the master regulator Ras and is essential for cell transformation by this potent oncogene. Overexpression of Cdc42 is observed in several cancers, where it is linked to poor prognosis. As a regulator of both cell architecture and motility, deregulation of Cdc42 is also linked to tumour metastasis. Like Ras, Cdc42 and other components of the signalling pathways it controls represent important potential targets for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we consider the progress that has been made targeting Cdc42, its regulators and effectors, including new modalities and new approaches to inhibition. Strategies under consideration include inhibition of lipid modification, modulation of Cdc42-GEF, Cdc42-GDI and Cdc42-effector interactions, and direct inhibition of downstream effectors.
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99911
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Viswanathan S, Ciccocioppo R, Galipeau J, Krampera M, Le Blanc K, Martin I, Moniz K, Nolta J, Phinney DG, Shi Y, Szczepiorkowski ZM, Tarte K, Weiss DJ, Ashford P. Consensus International Council for Commonality in Blood Banking Automation-International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy statement on standard nomenclature abbreviations for the tissue of origin of mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:1060-1063. [PMID: 34116944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Cellular Therapy Coding and Labeling Advisory Group of the International Council for Commonality in Blood Banking Automation and the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) committee are providing specific recommendations on abbreviating tissue sources of culture-adapted MSCs. These recommendations include using abbreviations based on the ISBT 128 terminology model that specifies standard class names to distinguish cell types and tissue sources for culture-adapted MSCs. Thus, MSCs from bone marrow are MSC(M), MSCs from cord blood are MSC(CB), MSCs from adipose tissue are MSC(AT) and MSCs from Wharton's jelly are MSC(WJ). Additional recommendations include using these abbreviations through the full spectrum of pre-clinical, translational and clinical research for the development of culture-adapted MSC products. This does not apply to basic research focused on investigating the developmental origins, identity or functionalities of endogenous progenitor cells in different tissues. These recommendations will serve to harmonize nomenclature in describing research and development surrounding culture-adapted MSCs, many of which are destined for clinical and/or commercial translation. These recommendations will also serve to align research and development efforts on culture-adapted MSCs with other cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Viswanathan
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Department of Medicine, AOUI Policlinico GB Rossi & University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Moniz
- International Council for Commonality in Blood Banking Automation, Redlands, California, USA
| | - Jan Nolta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Donald G Phinney
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zbigniew M Szczepiorkowski
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA; Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR U1236-MICMAC, Immunology and Cell Therapy Lab, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Paul Ashford
- International Council for Commonality in Blood Banking Automation, Redlands, California, USA.
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99912
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Abstract
The outer retina is nourished from the choroid, a capillary bed just inside the sclera. O2, glucose, and other nutrients diffuse out of the choroid and then filter through a monolayer of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells to fuel the retina. Recent studies of energy metabolism have revealed striking differences between retinas and RPE cells in the ways that they extract energy from fuels. The purpose of this review is to suggest and evaluate the hypothesis that the retina and RPE have complementary metabolic roles that make them depend on each other for survival and for their abilities to perform essential and specialized functions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 7 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Hurley
- Departments of Biochemistry and Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA;
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99913
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Zhang JM, Wang CF, Wei MY, Dong H, Gu YC, Mo XM, Shao CL, Liu M. Brefeldin A Induces Apoptosis, Inhibits BCR-ABL Activation, and Triggers BCR-ABL Degradation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1091-1101. [PMID: 34102989 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease caused by BCR-ABL oncoprotein. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to inhibit the activity of BCR-ABL; however, drug resistance and side effect occur in clinic application. Therefore, it is urgent to find novel drugs for CML treatment. Under the guidance of cytotoxic activity, crude extracts of 55 fungal strains from the medicinal mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius were evaluated, and one potent cytotoxic natural compound, brefeldin A (BFA), was discovered from Penicillium sp. (HS-N-29). OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to determine the cytotoxic activity of BFA and the effect on the activation and expression of BCR-ABL in K562 cells. METHOD We evaluated cytotoxic activity by MTT assay and soft agar clone assay and apoptosis and cell cycle distribution by Muse cell analyzer. The protein level of BCR-ABL and signaling molecules were detected by western blotting, and the mRNA level of BCR-ABL was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS BFA inhibited cell proliferation, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, and stimulated cell apoptosis in K562 cells. Importantly, for the first time, we revealed that BFA inhibited the activation of BCR-ABL and consequently inhibited the activation of its downstream signaling molecules in K562 cells. Moreover, we found that BFA degraded BCR-ABL without affecting its transcription in K562 cells, and BFA-induced BCR-ABL degradation was related to caspase activation while not to autophagy or ubiquitinated proteasome degradation pathway. CONCLUSION Our present results indicate that BFA acts as a dual functional inhibitor and degrader of BCR-ABL, and BFA is a potential compound for chemotherapeutics to overcome CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cui-Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY. United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Mei Mo
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital (QWCH), Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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99914
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The stem cell revolution: on the role of CD164 as a human stem cell marker. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:33. [PMID: 34103536 PMCID: PMC8187384 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately defining hierarchical relationships between human stem cells and their progeny, and using this knowledge for new cellular therapies, will undoubtedly lead to further successful treatments for life threatening and chronic diseases, which represent substantial burdens on patient quality of life and to healthcare systems globally. Clinical translation relies in part on appropriate biomarker, in vitro manipulation and transplantation strategies. CD164 has recently been cited as an important biomarker for enriching both human haematopoietic and skeletal stem cells, yet a thorough description of extant human CD164 monoclonal antibody (Mab) characteristics, which are critical for identifying and purifying these stem cells, was not discussed in these articles. Here, we highlight earlier but crucial research describing these relevant characteristics, including the differing human CD164 Mab avidities and their binding sites on the human CD164 sialomucin, which importantly may affect subsequent stem cell function and fate.
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99915
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Zhang B, Tian X, Hao J, Xu G, Zhang W. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720908500. [PMID: 32207341 PMCID: PMC7444208 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720908500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have attracted
increasing interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Previously, the
differentiation ability of MSCs was believed to be primarily responsible for
tissue repair. Recent studies have shown that paracrine mechanisms play an
important role in this process. MSCs can secrete soluble molecules and
extracellular vesicles (EVs), which mediate paracrine communication. EVs contain
large amounts of proteins and nucleic acids, such as mRNAs and microRNAs
(miRNAs), and can transfer the cargo between cells. The cargoes are similar to
those in MSCs and are not susceptible to degradation due to the protection of
the EV bimolecular membrane structure. MSC-EVs can mimic the biological
characteristics of MSCs, such as differentiation, maturation, and self-renewal.
Due to their broad biological functions and their ability to transfer molecules
between cells, EVs have been intensively studied by an increasing number of
researchers with a focus on therapeutic applications, especially those of EVs
secreted by MSCs. In this review, we discuss MSC-derived EVs and their
therapeutic potential in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, Chin.,Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Jun Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, Chin
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic Diseases, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, Chin
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99916
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Kim SH, Baek KH. Regulation of Cancer Metabolism by Deubiquitinating Enzymes: The Warburg Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126173. [PMID: 34201062 PMCID: PMC8226939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disorder of cell growth and proliferation, characterized by different metabolic pathways within normal cells. The Warburg effect is a major metabolic process in cancer cells that affects the cellular responses, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Various signaling factors down/upregulate factors of the glycolysis pathway in cancer cells, and these signaling factors are ubiquitinated/deubiquitinated via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Depending on the target protein, DUBs act as both an oncoprotein and a tumor suppressor. Since the degradation of tumor suppressors and stabilization of oncoproteins by either negative regulation by E3 ligases or positive regulation of DUBs, respectively, promote tumorigenesis, it is necessary to suppress these DUBs by applying appropriate inhibitors or small molecules. Therefore, we propose that the DUBs and their inhibitors related to the Warburg effect are potential anticancer targets.
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99917
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Lin JC, Wang CC, Jiang RS, Wang WY, Liu SA. Application of proximity ligation assays to identify potential plasma biomarkers in oral cavity cancer patients: A case control study. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:17-23. [PMID: 32568177 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-191195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practical cancer biomarkers for oral cavity cancer are currently in limited use. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the differences in soluble E-cadherin between patients with oral cavity cancer and matched healthy participants via Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA). METHODS Samples were taken from both patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer, as well as non-cancerous participants. PLA was used to detect soluble E-cadherin and Cycle threshold (Ct) values derived from qPCR in order to calculate the number of starting amplicons. RESULTS In total, 74 patients with oral cavity cancer and 55 matched non-cancerous participants were included for final analysis. The Ct value of E-cadherin was found to be lower in oral cavity cancer patients when compared with that of the matched non-cancerous participants (20.72 ± 0.39 versus 21.27 ± 0.45, P< 0.001). Using a Ct value of 20.9 as a cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity of discriminating patients with oral cavity cancer from the healthy controls was 63.5% and 87.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION Plasma soluble E-cadherin levels were significantly higher in patients with oral cavity cancer when compared with those from the matched non-cancerous participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-San Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-An Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Quality Management, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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99918
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Tsai CH, Lii CK, Wang TS, Liu KL, Chen HW, Huang CS, Li CC. Docosahexaenoic acid promotes the formation of autophagosomes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells through oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1 mediated activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112318. [PMID: 34116103 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is known to regulate autophagy in cancer cells. We explored whether oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1 (OSGIN1) is involved in the regulation of autophagy by DHA in breast cancer cells and the possible mechanisms involved. DHA upregulated the levels of OSGIN1, LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62. By contrast, DHA dose-dependently decreased the levels of mTOR and p-mTORS2448 expression. Using GFP/RFP-LC3 fluorescence staining, we showed that cells treated with DHA showed a dose-dependent response in autophagic signals. OSGIN1 Overexpression mimicked DHA treatment in that LC3-II and GFP/RFP-LC3 signals as well as the expression of p-AMPKαT172 and p-RaptorS792 were significantly increased, whereas mTOR, p-mTORS2448, and p-ULK1S757 expression were decreased. With knockdown of OSGIN1 expression, these outcomes were reversed. Moreover, OSGIN1 overexpression transiently elevated the accumulation of OSGIN1 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondrial fraction and subsequently increased p-AMPKαT172 and p-RaptorS792 expression. Upon pretreatment with Mito-TEMPO, a scavenger of mitochondrial ROS, these outcomes were reversed. Taken together, these results suggest that DHA can transiently elevate the generation of ROS in mitochondria and promote autophagosome formation through activation of the p-AMPKαT172/p-Raptor S792 and inactivation of the p-mTORS2448/p-ULK1Ser757 signaling pathways, and these effects depend on OSGIN1 protein in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Han Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Shing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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99919
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Velichko AK, Ovsyannikova N, Petrova NV, Luzhin AV, Vorobjeva M, Gavrikov AS, Mishin AS, Kireev II, Razin SV, Kantidze OL. Treacle and TOPBP1 control replication stress response in the nucleolus. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212262. [PMID: 34100862 PMCID: PMC8190600 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication stress is one of the main sources of genome instability. Although the replication stress response in eukaryotic cells has been extensively studied, almost nothing is known about the replication stress response in nucleoli. Here, we demonstrate that initial replication stress-response factors, such as RPA, TOPBP1, and ATR, are recruited inside the nucleolus in response to drug-induced replication stress. The role of TOPBP1 goes beyond the typical replication stress response; it interacts with the low-complexity nucleolar protein Treacle (also referred to as TCOF1) and forms large Treacle-TOPBP1 foci inside the nucleolus. In response to replication stress, Treacle and TOPBP1 facilitate ATR signaling at stalled replication forks, reinforce ATR-mediated checkpoint activation inside the nucleolus, and promote the recruitment of downstream replication stress response proteins inside the nucleolus without forming nucleolar caps. Characterization of the Treacle-TOPBP1 interaction mode leads us to propose that these factors can form a molecular platform for efficient stress response in the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem K Velichko
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Ovsyannikova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Artem V Luzhin
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Vorobjeva
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S Gavrikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Mishin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor I Kireev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Omar L Kantidze
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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99920
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Karabiyik C, Vicinanza M, Son SM, Rubinsztein DC. Glucose starvation induces autophagy via ULK1-mediated activation of PIKfyve in an AMPK-dependent manner. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1961-1975.e5. [PMID: 34107300 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential catabolic process induced to provide cellular energy sources in response to nutrient limitation through the activation of kinases, like AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and ULK1. Although glucose starvation induces autophagy, the exact mechanism underlying this signaling has yet to be elucidated. Here, we reveal a role for ULK1 in non-canonical autophagy signaling using diverse cell lines. ULK1 activated by AMPK during glucose starvation phosphorylates the lipid kinase PIKfyve on S1548, thereby increasing its activity and the synthesis of the phospholipid PI(5)P without changing the levels of PI(3,5)P2. ULK1-mediated activation of PIKfyve enhances the formation of PI(5)P-containing autophagosomes upon glucose starvation, resulting in an increase in autophagy flux. Phospho-mimic PIKfyve S1548D drives autophagy upregulation and lowers autophagy substrate levels. Our study has identified how ULK1 upregulates autophagy upon glucose starvation and induces the formation of PI(5)P-containing autophagosomes by activating PIKfyve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Karabiyik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mariella Vicinanza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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99921
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Panichnantakul P, Patel A, Tse EYW, Wyatt HDM. An open-source platform to quantify subnuclear foci and protein colocalization in response to replication stress. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103156. [PMID: 34139663 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear reorganization, including the localization of proteins into discrete subnuclear foci, is a hallmark of the cellular response to DNA damage and replication stress. These foci are thought to represent transient environments or repair factories, in which the lesion is sequestered with molecules and co-factors that catalyze repair. For example, nuclear foci contain signaling proteins that recruit transducer proteins. One important class of transducers is the structure-selective endonucleases, such as SLX1-SLX4, MUS81-EME1, and XPF-ERCC1, which remove branched DNA structures that form during repair. The relocalization of structure-selective endonucleases into subnuclear foci provides a visual read-out for the presence of direct DNA damage, replication barriers, or DNA entanglements and can be monitored using fluorescence microscopy. By simultaneously probing for two or more fluorescent signals, fluorescence microscopy can also provide insights into the proximal association of proteins within a local environment. Here, we report an open-source and semi-automated method to detect and quantify subnuclear foci, as well as foci colocalization and the accompanying pixel-based colocalization metrics. We use this pipeline to show that pre-mitotic nuclei contain a basal threshold of foci marked by SLX1-SLX4, MUS81, or XPF. Some of these foci colocalize with FANCD2 and have a high degree of correlation and co-occurrence. We also show that pre-mitotic cells experiencing replication stress contain elevated levels of foci containing SLX1-SLX4 or XPF, but not MUS81. These results point towards a role for SLX1-SLX4 and XPF-ERCC1 in the early cellular response to replication stress. Nevertheless, most of the foci that form in response to replication stress contain either FANCD2 or one of the three endonucleases. Altogether, our work highlights the compositional heterogeneity of subnuclear foci that form in response to replication stress. We also describe a user-friendly pipeline that can be used to characterize these dynamic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pudchalaluck Panichnantakul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, 661 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Ayushi Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, 661 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Y W Tse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, 661 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Haley D M Wyatt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, 661 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada; Canada Research Chairs Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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99922
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Jana S, Deo R, Hough RP, Liu Y, Horn JL, Wright JL, Lam HM, Webster KR, Chiang GG, Sonenberg N, Hsieh AC. mRNA translation is a therapeutic vulnerability necessary for bladder epithelial transformation. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e144920. [PMID: 34032633 PMCID: PMC8262354 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using genetically engineered mouse models, this work demonstrates that protein synthesis is essential for efficient urothelial cancer formation and growth but dispensable for bladder homeostasis. Through a candidate gene analysis for translation regulators implicated in this dependency, we discovered that phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF4E at serine 209 is increased in both murine and human bladder cancer, and this phosphorylation corresponds with an increase in de novo protein synthesis. Employing an eIF4E serine 209 to alanine knock-in mutant mouse model, we show that this single posttranslational modification is critical for bladder cancer initiation and progression, despite having no impact on normal bladder tissue maintenance. Using murine and human models of advanced bladder cancer, we demonstrate that only tumors with high levels of eIF4E phosphorylation are therapeutically vulnerable to eFT508, the first clinical-grade inhibitor of MNK1 and MNK2, the upstream kinases of eIF4E. Our results show that phospho-eIF4E plays an important role in bladder cancer pathogenesis, and targeting its upstream kinases could be an effective therapeutic option for bladder cancer patients with high levels of eIF4E phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Jana
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rucha Deo
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rowan P Hough
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessie L Horn
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin R Webster
- Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gary G Chiang
- Cancer Biology, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,University of Washington Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA
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99923
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Buja LM. The cell theory and cellular pathology: Discovery, refinements and applications fundamental to advances in biology and medicine. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 121:104660. [PMID: 34116021 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the developments leading up to the establishment of the cell theory and cellular pathology and their subsequent refinements and applications while focusing on the individuals who have made seminal advances in the field. The links between cell biology, cell pathology and cell injury research are emphasized. Recognition also is given to the importance of technological advances in microscopy, histology, biochemical and molecular methods for discovery in cell biology and cell pathology. Particular attention is focused on the work of Rudolph Virchow and his former students in the formulation of the cell theory in biology and pathology and John F. R. Kerr and colleagues who identified and developed a comprehensive characterization of apoptosis, thereby giving impetus to the contemporary field of cell injury research. Cell injury research remains an important and fruitful field of ongoing inquiry and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maximilian Buja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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99924
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Takebe H, Irie K, Hosoya A. Localization of Bmi1 in osteoblast-lineage cells during endochondral ossification. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1112-1118. [PMID: 34101367 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Encoded by B cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1, Bmi1 is part of the polycomb group of proteins localized in stem and undifferentiated cells. It regulates the expression of various differentiation genes. However, the regulatory mechanism of skeletal development by Bmi1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to observe Bmi1 distribution during endochondral ossification processes in rat bone development and fracture healing. Immunoreactivity of Bmi1 was detected in the mesenchymal cell aggregation area at embryonic day (E) 14 and in cells around the center of cartilage primordium at E 16. Subsequently, the calcified bone matrix was formed around the cartilage primordium, and osteoblasts expressing Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix (Osx) showed immunopositivity for Bmi1. At 4 days after bone fracture, the connective tissue around the fractured bone contained Bmi1-positive cells. At 42 days after fracture, osteoblasts along the surface of the new bone revealed Bmi1-, Runx2- and Osx-positive reactions, but the Bmi1 immunoreactivity in osteocytes was less than the Runx2 and Osx immunoreactivities. In conclusion, Bmi1 is localized in the osteoblast-lineage cells in their early differentiation stages, and it might regulate their differentiation during endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takebe
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Irie
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoya
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
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99925
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Li R, Zhao X, Zhang S, Dong W, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li Z, Yang H, Huang Y, Xie Z, Wang W, Li C, Ye Z, Dong Z, Liang X. RIP3 impedes transcription factor EB to suppress autophagic degradation in septic acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:593. [PMID: 34103472 PMCID: PMC8187512 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important renal-protective mechanism in septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) has been implicated in the renal tubular injury and renal dysfunction during septic AKI. Here we investigated the role and mechanism of RIP3 on autophagy in septic AKI. We showed an activation of RIP3, accompanied by an accumulation of the autophagosome marker LC3II and the autophagic substrate p62, in the kidneys of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic AKI mice and LPS-treated cultured renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). The lysosome inhibitor did not further increase the levels of LCII or p62 in LPS-treated PTECs. Moreover, inhibition of RIP3 attenuated the aberrant accumulation of LC3II and p62 under LPS treatment in vivo and in vitro. By utilizing mCherry-GFP-LC3 autophagy reporter mice in vivo and PTECs overexpression mRFP-GFP-LC3 in vitro, we observed that inhibition of RIP3 restored the formation of autolysosomes and eliminated the accumulated autophagosomes under LPS treatment. These results indicated that RIP3 impaired autophagic degradation, contributing to the accumulation of autophagosomes. Mechanistically, the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the lysosome and autophagy pathway, was inhibited in LPS-induced mice and LPS-treated PTECs. Inhibition of RIP3 restored the nuclear translocation of TFEB in vivo and in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation further showed an interaction of RIP3 and TFEB in LPS-treated PTECs. Also, the expression of LAMP1 and cathepsin B, two potential target genes of TFEB involved in lysosome function, were decreased under LPS treatment in vivo and in vitro, and this decrease was rescued by inhibiting RIP3. Finally, overexpression of TFEB restored the autophagic degradation in LPS-treated PTECs. Together, the present study has identified a pivotal role of RIP3 in suppressing autophagic degradation through impeding the TFEB-lysosome pathway in septic AKI, providing potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Wei Dong
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Huan Yang
- grid.412536.70000 0004 1791 7851Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Ying Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Chunling Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zheng Dong
- grid.413830.d0000 0004 0419 3970Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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99926
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Feng Y, Lei X, Zhang L, Wan H, Pan H, Wu J, Zou M, Zhu L, Mi Y. COPB2: a transport protein with multifaceted roles in cancer development and progression. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2195-2205. [PMID: 34101128 PMCID: PMC8455385 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Coatomer protein complex subunit beta 2 (COPB2) is involved in the formation of the COPI coatomer protein complex and is responsible for the transport of vesicles between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. It plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of these cellular organelles, as well as in maintaining cell homeostasis. More importantly, COPB2 plays key roles in embryonic development and tumor progression. COPB2 is regarded as a vital oncogene in several cancer types and has been implicated in tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of COPB2 in cancer development and progression in the context of the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - X Lei
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H Wan
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H Pan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - M Zou
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Y Mi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
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99927
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Ngoenkam J, Paensuwan P, Wipa P, Schamel WWA, Pongcharoen S. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein: Roles in Signal Transduction in T Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674572. [PMID: 34169073 PMCID: PMC8217661 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction regulates the proper function of T cells in an immune response. Upon binding to its specific ligand associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on an antigen presenting cell, the T cell receptor (TCR) initiates intracellular signaling that leads to extensive actin polymerization. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is one of the actin nucleation factors that is recruited to TCR microclusters, where it is activated and regulates actin network formation. Here we highlight the research that has focused on WASp-deficient T cells from both human and mice in TCR-mediated signal transduction. We discuss the role of WASp in proximal TCR signaling as well as in the Ras/Rac-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), PKC (protein kinase C) and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pussadee Paensuwan
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Piyamaporn Wipa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wolfgang W. A. Schamel
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Clinics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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99928
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Zheng T, Zhang Z. Activated microglia facilitate the transmission of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105094. [PMID: 34097990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and abnormal aggregates of α-synuclein protein called Lewy bodies. To date, there is no drug that can definitely slow down or stop the progression of this disease. The discovery of the cell-to-cell transmission of pathologic α-synuclein seeds offers the possibility to explore novel treatment strategies to prevent the spread of α-synuclein, with the purpose of slowing down the progression of PD in its tracks. Although recent studies have made tremendous progress in understanding how α-synuclein spreads throughout the brain, neuroinflammation seems to play a crucial role in the development of α-synuclein pathology in PD. The activation of microglia, one of the hallmarks of the neuroinflammatory process, is suggested to influence the neuron-to-neuron transmission of α-synuclein. This review summarizes how activated microglia facilitate this process, and focuses on the following mechanisms including the activation of microglia in PD, the reduced ability of activated microglia to clear α-synuclein and increased migratory capacity of microglia in PD, as well as the cooperation between microglia and exosomes in mediating α-synuclein release and propagation. In conclusion, this article help collate information on microglia in-relation to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhengxiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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99929
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Random errors in protein synthesis activate an age-dependent program of muscle atrophy in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:703. [PMID: 34103648 PMCID: PMC8187632 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Random errors in protein synthesis are prevalent and ubiquitous, yet their effect on organismal health has remained enigmatic for over five decades. Here, we studied whether mice carrying the ribosomal ambiguity (ram) mutation Rps2-A226Y, recently shown to increase the inborn error rate of mammalian translation, if at all viable, present any specific, possibly aging-related, phenotype. We introduced Rps2-A226Y using a Cre/loxP strategy. Resulting transgenic mice were mosaic and showed a muscle-related phenotype with reduced grip strength. Analysis of gene expression in skeletal muscle using RNA-Seq revealed transcriptomic changes occurring in an age-dependent manner, involving an interplay of PGC1α, FOXO3, mTOR, and glucocorticoids as key signaling pathways, and finally resulting in activation of a muscle atrophy program. Our results highlight the relevance of translation accuracy, and show how disturbances thereof may contribute to age-related pathologies. By introducing a ribosomal ambiguity mutation into mice, Moore et al. establish an in-vivo model to investigate how age-related diseases are related to decreasing accuracy in protein synthesis. Their findings potentially offer new insights into the pathological changes observed in age-related diseases, such as muscle atrophy
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99930
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Yu Z, Lu W, Su C, Lv Y, Ye Y, Guo B, Liu D, Yan H, Mi H, Li T, Zhang Q, Cheng J, Mo Z. Single-Cell RNA-seq Identification of the Cellular Molecular Characteristics of Sporadic Bilateral Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659251. [PMID: 34168986 PMCID: PMC8217644 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare disease that can be classified as either familial or sporadic. Studying the cellular molecular characteristics of sporadic bilateral RCC is important to provide guidance for clinical treatment. Cellular molecular characteristics can be expressed at the RNA level, especially at the single-cell degree. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on bilateral clear cell RCC (ccRCC). A total of 3,575 and 3,568 high-quality single-cell transcriptome data were captured from the left and right tumour tissues, respectively. Gene characteristics were identified by comparing left and right tumours at the scRNA level. The complex cellular environment of bilateral ccRCC was presented by using scRNA-seq. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed high similarity in gene expression among most of the cell types of bilateral RCCs but significant differences in gene expression among different site tumour cells. Additionally, the potential biological function of different tumour cell types was determined by gene ontology (GO) analysis. The transcriptome characteristics of tumour tissues in different locations at the single-cell transcriptome level were revealed through the scRNA-seq of bilateral sporadic ccRCC. This work provides new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of bilateral RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Wenhao Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Su
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Yufang Lv
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China.,Scientific Research Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bingqian Guo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haibiao Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hua Mi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
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99931
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Han JH, Jang KW, Myung CS. Garcinia cambogia attenuates adipogenesis by affecting CEBPB and SQSTM1/p62-mediated selective autophagic degradation of KLF3 through RPS6KA1 and STAT3 suppression. Autophagy 2021; 18:518-539. [PMID: 34101546 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1936356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpansion of adipose tissues leads to obesity and eventually results in metabolic disorders. Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia) has been used as an antiobesity supplement. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of G. cambogia on cellular processes have yet to be fully understood. Here, we discovered that G. cambogia attenuated the expression of CEBPB (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta), an important adipogenic factor, suppressing its transcription in differentiated cells. In addition, G. cambogia inhibited macroautophagic/autophagic flux by decreasing autophagy-related gene expression and autophagosome formation. Notably, G. cambogia markedly elevated the expression of KLF3 (Kruppel-like factor 3 (basic)), a negative regulator of adipogenesis, by reducing SQSTM1/p62-mediated selective autophagic degradation. Furthermore, increased KLF3 induced by G. cambogia interacted with CTBP2 (C-terminal binding protein 2) to form a transcriptional repressor complex and inhibited Cebpa and Pparg transcription. Importantly, we found that RPS6KA1 and STAT3 were involved in the G. cambogia-mediated regulation of CEBPB and autophagic flux. In an obese animal model, G. cambogia reduced high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity by suppressing epididymal and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size, which were attributed to the regulation of targets that had been consistently identified in vitro. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of G. cambogia-mediated regulation of adipogenesis and suggest molecular links to therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Woo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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99932
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Waddell AR, Huang H, Liao D. CBP/p300: Critical Co-Activators for Nuclear Steroid Hormone Receptors and Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Prostate and Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2872. [PMID: 34201346 PMCID: PMC8229436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are two paralogous lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) that were discovered in the 1980s-1990s. Since their discovery, CBP/p300 have emerged as important regulatory proteins due to their ability to acetylate histone and non-histone proteins to modulate transcription. Work in the last 20 years has firmly established CBP/p300 as critical regulators for nuclear hormone signaling pathways, which drive tumor growth in several cancer types. Indeed, CBP/p300 are critical co-activators for the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in prostate and breast cancer, respectively. The AR and ER are stimulated by sex hormones and function as transcription factors to regulate genes involved in cell cycle progression, metabolism, and other cellular functions that contribute to oncogenesis. Recent structural studies of the AR/p300 and ER/p300 complexes have provided critical insights into the mechanism by which p300 interacts with and activates AR- and ER-mediated transcription. Breast and prostate cancer rank the first and forth respectively in cancer diagnoses worldwide and effective treatments are urgently needed. Recent efforts have identified specific and potent CBP/p300 inhibitors that target the acetyltransferase activity and the acetytllysine-binding bromodomain (BD) of CBP/p300. These compounds inhibit AR signaling and tumor growth in prostate cancer. CBP/p300 inhibitors may also be applicable for treating breast and other hormone-dependent cancers. Here we provide an in-depth account of the critical roles of CBP/p300 in regulating the AR and ER signaling pathways and discuss the potential of CBP/p300 inhibitors for treating prostate and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Waddell
- UF Health Cancer Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Haojie Huang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Daiqing Liao
- UF Health Cancer Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Florida College of Medicine, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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99933
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Mlakar V, Morel E, Mlakar SJ, Ansari M, Gumy-Pause F. A review of the biological and clinical implications of RAS-MAPK pathway alterations in neuroblastoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:189. [PMID: 34103089 PMCID: PMC8188681 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in children, representing approximately 8% of all malignant childhood tumors and 15% of pediatric cancer-related deaths. Recent sequencing and transcriptomics studies have demonstrated the RAS-MAPK pathway’s contribution to the development and progression of neuroblastoma. This review compiles up-to-date evidence of this pathway’s involvement in neuroblastoma. We discuss the RAS-MAPK pathway’s general functioning, the clinical implications of its deregulation in neuroblastoma, and current promising therapeutics targeting proteins involved in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Mlakar
- CANSEARCH Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Edouard Morel
- CANSEARCH Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Jurkovic Mlakar
- CANSEARCH Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- CANSEARCH Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- CANSEARCH Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
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99934
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Barnoud T, Indeglia A, Murphy ME. Shifting the paradigms for tumor suppression: lessons from the p53 field. Oncogene 2021; 40:4281-4290. [PMID: 34103683 PMCID: PMC8238873 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The TP53 gene continues to hold distinction as the most frequently mutated gene in cancer. Since its discovery in 1979, hundreds of research groups have devoted their efforts toward understanding why this gene is so frequently selected against by tumors, with the hopes of harnessing this information toward improved therapy of cancer. The result is that this protein has been meticulously analyzed in tumor and normal cells, resulting in over one hundred thousand publications, with an average of five thousand papers published on p53 every year for the past decade. The journey toward understanding p53 function has been anything but straightforward; in fact, the field is notable for the numerous times that established paradigms not only have been shifted, but in fact have been shattered or reversed. In this review, we will discuss the manuscripts, or series of manuscripts, that have most radically changed our thinking about how this tumor suppressor functions, and we will delve into the emerging challenges for the future in this important area of research. It is hoped that this review will serve as a useful historical reference for those interested in p53, and a useful lesson on the need to be flexible in the face of established paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Barnoud
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Indeglia
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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99935
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Curti L, Campaner S. MYC-Induced Replicative Stress: A Double-Edged Sword for Cancer Development and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6168. [PMID: 34201047 PMCID: PMC8227504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a transcription factor that controls the expression of a large fraction of cellular genes linked to cell cycle progression, metabolism and differentiation. MYC deregulation in tumors leads to its pervasive genome-wide binding of both promoters and distal regulatory regions, associated with selective transcriptional control of a large fraction of cellular genes. This pairs with alterations of cell cycle control which drive anticipated S-phase entry and reshape the DNA-replication landscape. Under these circumstances, the fine tuning of DNA replication and transcription becomes critical and may pose an intrinsic liability in MYC-overexpressing cancer cells. Here, we will review the current understanding of how MYC controls DNA and RNA synthesis, discuss evidence of replicative and transcriptional stress induced by MYC and summarize preclinical data supporting the therapeutic potential of triggering replicative stress in MYC-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Curti
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@CGS, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@CGS, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
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99936
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Making it or breaking it: DNA methylation and genome integrity. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:687-703. [PMID: 32808652 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells encounter a multitude of external and internal stress-causing agents that can ultimately lead to DNA damage, mutations and disease. A cascade of signaling events counters these challenges to DNA, which is termed as the DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR preserves genome integrity by engaging appropriate repair pathways, while also coordinating cell cycle and/or apoptotic responses. Although many of the protein components in the DDR are identified, how chemical modifications to DNA impact the DDR is poorly understood. This review focuses on our current understanding of DNA methylation in maintaining genome integrity in mammalian cells. DNA methylation is a reversible epigenetic mark, which has been implicated in DNA damage signaling, repair and replication. Sites of DNA methylation can trigger mutations, which are drivers of human diseases including cancer. Indeed, alterations in DNA methylation are associated with increased susceptibility to tumorigenesis but whether this occurs through effects on the DDR, transcriptional responses or both is not entirely clear. Here, we also highlight epigenetic drugs currently in use as therapeutics that target DNA methylation pathways and discuss their effects in the context of the DDR. Finally, we pose unanswered questions regarding the interplay between DNA methylation, transcription and the DDR, positing the potential coordinated efforts of these pathways in genome integrity. While the impact of DNA methylation on gene regulation is widely understood, how this modification contributes to genome instability and mutations, either directly or indirectly, and the potential therapeutic opportunities in targeting DNA methylation pathways in cancer remain active areas of investigation.
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99937
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Yuan X, Tian GG, Pei X, Hu X, Wu J. Spermidine induces cytoprotective autophagy of female germline stem cells in vitro and ameliorates aging caused by oxidative stress through upregulated sequestosome-1/p62 expression. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:107. [PMID: 34099041 PMCID: PMC8186080 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is required for oogenesis and plays a critical role in response to aging caused by oxidative stress. However, there have been no reports on regulation of cytoprotective autophagy in female germline stem cells (FGSCs) in response to aging caused by oxidative stress. RESULTS We found that Spermidine (SPD) significantly increased protein expression of autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta-II (MAP1LC3B-II/LC3B-II) and sequestosome-1/p62 (SQSTM1/p62), and evoked autophagic flux in FGSCs. Moreover, SPD increased the number and viability of FGSCs in vitro. Further, we found that SPD significantly reduced basal or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced up-regulated protein expression of the aging markers, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16/CDKN2A) and tumor protein 53 (p53). After knockdown of p62 in FGSCs, p16 protein levels were significant higher compared with controls. However, protein p16 levels were not significantly changed in p62 knockdown FGSCs with SPD treatment compared with without SPD. Moreover, SPD significantly changed the expression of autophagy-related genes and pathways in FGSCs, as shown by bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing data. Additionally, SPD significantly inhibited AKT/mTOR phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS SPD induces cytoprotective autophagy in FGSCs in vitro and ameliorates cellular senescence of FGSCs induced by H2O2. Furthermore, SPD can ameliorate cellular senescence of FGSCs through p62. SPD might induce autophagy in FGSCs via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Our findings could be helpful for delaying aging of female germ cells due to oxidative stress and preserving female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng G Tian
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China. .,Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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99938
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Sansonetti M, De Windt LJ. Non-coding RNAs in cardiac inflammation: key drivers in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2058-2073. [PMID: 34097013 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is among the most progressive diseases and a leading cause of morbidity. Despite several advances in cardiovascular therapies, pharmacological treatments are limited to relieve symptoms without curing cardiac injury. Multiple observations point to the involvement of immune cells as key drivers in the pathophysiology of heart failure. In particular, there is a growing recognition that heart failure is related to a prolonged and insufficiently repressed inflammatory response leading to molecular, cellular, and functional cardiac alterations. Over the last decades, non-coding RNAs are recognized as prominent mediators of the cardiac inflammation, affecting the function of several immune cells. In the current review, we explore the contribution of the diverse immune cells in the progression of heart failure, revealing mechanistic functions for non-coding RNAs in cardiac immune cells as a new and exciting field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J De Windt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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99939
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Norouzi M, Shafiei M, Abdollahi Z, Miar P, Galehdari H, Emami MH, Zeinalian M, Tabatabaiefar MA. WRN Germline Mutation Is the Likely Inherited Etiology of Various Cancer Types in One Iranian Family. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648649. [PMID: 34164337 PMCID: PMC8215443 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial cancers comprise a considerable distribution of colorectal cancers (CRCs), of which only about 5% occurs through well-established hereditary syndromes. It has been demonstrated that deleterious variants at the newly identified cancer-predisposing genes could describe the etiology of undefined familial cancers. Methods The present study aimed to identify the genetic etiology in a 32-year-old man with early onset familial CRC employing several molecular diagnostic techniques. DNA was extracted from tumoral and normal formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, and microsatellite instability (MSI) was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry staining of MMR proteins was performed on tumoral FFPE blocks. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), multiplex ligation-dependent amplification (MLPA) assay, and Sanger sequencing were applied on the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood. Data analysis was performed using bioinformatics tools. Genetic variants interpretation was based on ACMG. Results MSI analysis indicated MSI-H phenotype, and IHC staining proved no expressions of MSH2 and MSH6 proteins. MLPA and NGS data showed no pathogenic variants in MMR genes. Further analysis of NGS data revealed a candidate WRN frameshift variant (p.R389Efs*3), which was validated with Sanger sequencing. The variant was interpreted as pathogenic since it met the criteria based on the ACMG guideline including very strong (PVS1), strong (PS3), and moderate (PM2). Conclusion WRN is a DNA helicase participating in DNA repair pathways to sustain genomic stability. WRN deficient function may contribute to CRC development that is valuable for further investigation as a candidate gene in hereditary cancer syndrome diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Norouzi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Abdollahi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Paniz Miar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Emami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Poursina Hakim Digestive Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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99940
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Grotheer V, Skrynecki N, Oezel L, Windolf J, Grassmann J. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells and fibroblasts differs depending on tissue origin and replicative senescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11968. [PMID: 34099837 PMCID: PMC8184777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for an autologous cell source for bone tissue engineering and medical applications has led researchers to explore multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), which show stem cell plasticity, in various human tissues. However, MSC with different tissue origins vary in their biological properties and their capability for osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, MSC-based therapies require large-scale ex vivo expansion, accompanied by cell type-specific replicative senescence, which affects osteogenic differentiation. To elucidate cell type-specific differences in the osteogenic differentiation potential and replicative senescence, we analysed the impact of BMP and TGF-β signaling in adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC), fibroblasts (FB), and dental pulp stromal cells (DSC). We used inhibitors of BMP and TGF-β signaling, such as SB431542, dorsomorphin and/or a supplemental addition of BMP-2. The expression of high-affinity binding receptors for BMP-2 and calcium deposition with alizarin red S were evaluated to assess osteogenic differentiation potential. Our study demonstrated that TGF-β signaling inhibits osteogenic differentiation of ASC, DSC and FB in the early cell culture passages. Moreover, DSC had the best osteogenic differentiation potential and an activation of BMP signaling with BMP-2 could further enhance this capacity. This phenomenon is likely due to an increased expression of activin receptor-like kinase-3 and -6. However, in DSC with replicative senescence (in cell culture passage 10), osteogenic differentiation sharply decreased, and the simultaneous use of BMP-2 and SB431542 did not result in further improvement of this process. In comparison, ASC retain a similar osteogenic differentiation potential regardless of whether they were in the early (cell culture passage 3) or later (cell culture passage 10) stages. Our study elucidated that ASC, DSC, and FB vary functionally in their osteogenic differentiation, depending on their tissue origin and replicative senescence. Therefore, our study provides important insights for cell-based therapies to optimize prospective bone tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Grotheer
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nadine Skrynecki
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Oezel
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joachim Windolf
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Grassmann
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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99941
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Wu L, Liu M, Liang J, Li N, Yang D, Cai J, Zhang Y, He Y, Chen Z, Ma T. Ferroptosis as a New Mechanism in Parkinson's Disease Therapy Using Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659584. [PMID: 34163356 PMCID: PMC8215498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. To date, among medications used to treat PD, only levodopa exhibits a limited disease-modifying effect on early-onset PD, but it cannot delay the progression of the disease. In 2018, for the first time, the World Health Organization included traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in its influential global medical compendium. The use of TCM in the treatment of PD has a long history. At present, TCM can help treat and prevent PD. Iron metabolism is closely associated with PD. Ferroptosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides, is a recently discovered form of iron-dependent cell death. The research literature indicates that ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons is an important pathogenetic mechanism of PD. TCM may thus play unique roles in the treatment of PD and provide new ideas for the treatment of PD by regulating pathways associated with ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingtao Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Cai
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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99942
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Moison M, Pacheco JM, Lucero L, Fonouni-Farde C, Rodríguez-Melo J, Mansilla N, Christ A, Bazin J, Benhamed M, Ibañez F, Crespi M, Estevez JM, Ariel F. The lncRNA APOLO interacts with the transcription factor WRKY42 to trigger root hair cell expansion in response to cold. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:937-948. [PMID: 33689931 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of chromatin dynamics, impacting on transcriptional programs leading to different developmental outputs. The lncRNA AUXIN-REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP (APOLO) directly recognizes multiple independent loci across the Arabidopsis genome and modulates their three-dimensional chromatin conformation, leading to transcriptional shifts. Here, we show that APOLO recognizes the locus encoding the root hair (RH) master regulator ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6) and controls RHD6 transcriptional activity, leading to cold-enhanced RH elongation through the consequent activation of the transcription factor gene RHD6-like RSL4. Furthermore, we demonstrate that APOLO interacts with the transcription factor WRKY42 and modulates its binding to the RHD6 promoter. WRKY42 is required for the activation of RHD6 by low temperatures and WRKY42 deregulation impairs cold-induced RH expansion. Collectively, our results indicate that a novel ribonucleoprotein complex with APOLO and WRKY42 forms a regulatory hub to activate RHD6 by shaping its epigenetic environment and integrate signals governing RH growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Moison
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires CP C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Leandro Lucero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Camille Fonouni-Farde
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Johan Rodríguez-Melo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina
| | - Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Aurélie Christ
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Saclay and University of Paris Bâtiment 630, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jérémie Bazin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Saclay and University of Paris Bâtiment 630, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Saclay and University of Paris Bâtiment 630, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Fernando Ibañez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Saclay and University of Paris Bâtiment 630, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires CP C1405BWE, Argentina; Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCsV), Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile and Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Federico Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
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99943
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Ashe A, Colot V, Oldroyd BP. How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200111. [PMID: 33866814 PMCID: PMC8059608 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that can be transmitted through cell divisions but cannot be explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are central to gene regulation, phenotypic plasticity, development and the preservation of genome integrity. Epigenetic mechanisms are often held to make a minor contribution to evolutionary change because epigenetic states are typically erased and reset at every generation, and are therefore, not heritable. Nonetheless, there is growing appreciation that epigenetic variation makes direct and indirect contributions to evolutionary processes. First, some epigenetic states are transmitted intergenerationally and affect the phenotype of offspring. Moreover, bona fide heritable 'epialleles' exist and are quite common in plants. Such epialleles could, therefore, be subject to natural selection in the same way as conventional DNA sequence-based alleles. Second, epigenetic variation enhances phenotypic plasticity and phenotypic variance and thus can modulate the effect of natural selection on sequence-based genetic variation. Third, given that phenotypic plasticity is central to the adaptability of organisms, epigenetic mechanisms that generate plasticity and acclimation are important to consider in evolutionary theory. Fourth, some genes are under selection to be 'imprinted' identifying the sex of the parent from which they were derived, leading to parent-of-origin-dependent gene expression and effects. These effects can generate hybrid disfunction and contribute to speciation. Finally, epigenetic processes, particularly DNA methylation, contribute directly to DNA sequence evolution, because they act as mutagens on the one hand and modulate genome stability on the other by keeping transposable elements in check. This article is part of the theme issue 'How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Ashe
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Vincent Colot
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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99944
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Yu Y, Fu W, Xu J, Lei Y, Song X, Liang Z, Zhu T, Liang Y, Hao Y, Yuan L, Li C. Bromodomain-containing proteins BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are core subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and vital for their genomic targeting in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:888-904. [PMID: 33771698 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Switch defective/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes are multi-subunit machines that play vital roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. However, the mechanisms by which SWI/SNF complexes recognize their target loci in plants are not fully understood. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana bromodomain-containing proteins BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are core subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and critical for SWI/SNF genomic targeting. These three BRDs interact directly with multiple SWI/SNF subunits, including the BRAHMA (BRM) catalytic subunit. Phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses of the brd1 brd2 brd13 triple mutant revealed that these BRDs act largely redundantly to control gene expression and developmental processes that are also regulated by BRM. Genome-wide occupancy profiling demonstrated that these three BRDs extensively colocalize with BRM on chromatin. Simultaneous loss of function of three BRD genes results in reduced BRM protein levels and decreased occupancy of BRM on chromatin across the genome. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the bromodomains of BRDs are essential for genomic targeting of the BRD subunits of SWI/SNF complexes to their target sites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are core subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and reveal their biological roles in facilitating genomic targeting of BRM-containing SWI/SNF complexes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangbing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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99945
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Sader F, Roy S. Tgf-β superfamily and limb regeneration: Tgf-β to start and Bmp to end. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:973-987. [PMID: 34096672 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Axolotls represent a popular model to study how nature solved the problem of regenerating lost appendages in tetrapods. Our work over many years focused on trying to understand how these animals can achieve such a feat and not end up with a scarred up stump. The Tgf-β superfamily represents an interesting family to target since they are involved in wound healing in adults and pattern formation during development. This family is large and comprises Tgf-β, Bmps, activins and GDFs. In this review, we present work from us and others on Tgf-β & Bmps and highlight interesting observations between these two sub-families. Tgf-β is important for the preparation phase of regeneration and Bmps for the redevelopment phase and they do not overlap with one another. We present novel data showing that the Tgf-β non-canonical pathway is also not active during redevelopment. Finally, we propose a molecular model to explain how Tgf-β and Bmps maintain distinct windows of expression during regeneration in axolotls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Sader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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99946
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Zhang J, Jin T, Aksentijevich I, Zhou Q. RIPK1-Associated Inborn Errors of Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676946. [PMID: 34163478 PMCID: PMC8215710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1) is a key molecule for mediating apoptosis, necroptosis, and inflammatory pathways downstream of death receptors (DRs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). RIPK1 functions are regulated by multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs), including ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and the caspase-8-mediated cleavage. Dysregulation of these modifications leads to an immune deficiency or a hyperinflammatory disease in humans. Over the last decades, numerous studies on the RIPK1 function in model organisms have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of RIPK1 role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. However, the physiological role of RIPK1 in the regulation of cell survival and cell death signaling in humans remained elusive. Recently, RIPK1 loss-of-function (LoF) mutations and cleavage-deficient mutations have been identified in humans. This review discusses the molecular pathogenesis of RIPK1-deficiency and cleavage-resistant RIPK1 induced autoinflammatory (CRIA) disorders and summarizes the clinical manifestations of respective diseases to help with the identification of new patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection of Ministry of Education, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taijie Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection of Ministry of Education, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qing Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection of Ministry of Education, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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99947
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DeLaForest A, Kohlnhofer BM, Franklin OD, Stavniichuk R, Thompson CA, Pulakanti K, Rao S, Battle MA. GATA4 Controls Epithelial Morphogenesis in the Developing Stomach to Promote Establishment of Glandular Columnar Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1391-1413. [PMID: 34111600 PMCID: PMC8479485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The transcription factor GATA4 is broadly expressed in nascent foregut endoderm. As development progresses, GATA4 is lost in the domain giving rise to the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus and forestomach (FS), while it is maintained in the domain giving rise to the simple columnar epithelium of the hindstomach (HS). Differential GATA4 expression within these domains coincides with the onset of distinct tissue morphogenetic events, suggesting a role for GATA4 in diversifying foregut endoderm into discrete esophageal/FS and HS epithelial tissues. The goal of this study was to determine how GATA4 regulates differential morphogenesis of the mouse gastric epithelium. METHODS We used a Gata4 conditional knockout mouse line to eliminate GATA4 in the developing HS and a Gata4 conditional knock-in mouse line to express GATA4 in the developing FS. RESULTS We found that GATA4-deficient HS epithelium adopted a FS-like fate, and conversely, that GATA4-expressing FS epithelium adopted a HS-like fate. Underlying structural changes in these epithelia were broad changes in gene expression networks attributable to GATA4 directly activating or repressing expression of HS or FS defining transcripts. Our study implicates GATA4 as having a primary role in suppressing an esophageal/FS transcription factor network during HS development to promote columnar epithelium. Moreover, GATA4-dependent phenotypes in developmental mutants reflected changes in gene expression associated with Barrett's esophagus. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that GATA4 is necessary and sufficient to activate the development of simple columnar epithelium, rather than stratified squamous epithelium, in the embryonic stomach. Moreover, similarities between mutants and Barrett's esophagus suggest that developmental biology can provide insight into human disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann DeLaForest
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Bridget M Kohlnhofer
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Olivia D Franklin
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Roman Stavniichuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Cayla A Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kirthi Pulakanti
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michele A Battle
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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99948
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Abstract
Superresolution microscopy is becoming increasingly widespread in biological labs. While it holds enormous potential for biological discovery, it is a complex imaging technique that requires thorough optimization of various experimental parameters to yield data of the highest quality. Unfortunately, it remains challenging even for seasoned users to judge from the acquired images alone whether their superresolution microscopy pipeline is performing at its optimum, or if the image quality could be improved. Here, we describe how superresolution microscopists can objectively characterize their imaging pipeline using suitable reference standards, which are stereotypic so that the same structure can be imaged everywhere, every time, on every microscope. Quantitative analysis of reference standard images helps characterizing the performance of one's own microscopes over time, allows objective benchmarking of newly developed microscopy and labeling techniques, and finally increases comparability of superresolution microscopy data between labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mund
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Ries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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99949
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Argunhan B, Iwasaki H, Tsubouchi H. Post-translational modification of factors involved in homologous recombination. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 104:103114. [PMID: 34111757 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA is the molecule that stores the chemical instructions necessary for life and its stability is therefore of the utmost importance. Despite this, DNA is damaged by both exogenous and endogenous factors at an alarming frequency. The most severe type of DNA damage is a double-strand break (DSB), in which a scission occurs in both strands of the double helix, effectively dividing a single normal chromosome into two pathological chromosomes. Homologous recombination (HR) is a universal DSB repair mechanism that solves this problem by identifying another region of the genome that shares high sequence similarity with the DSB site and using it as a template for repair. Rad51 possess the enzymatic activity that is essential for this repair but several auxiliary factors are required for Rad51 to fulfil its function. It is becoming increasingly clear that many HR factors are subjected to post-translational modification. Here, we review what is known about how these modifications affect HR. We first focus on cases where there is experimental evidence to support a function for the modification, then discuss speculative cases where a function can be inferred. Finally, we contemplate why such modifications might be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Argunhan
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Iwasaki
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsubouchi
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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99950
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Wang L, Liu M, Wu Y, Li X, Yin F, Yin L, Liu J. Free fatty acids induce the demethylation of the fructose 1,6-biphosphatase 2 gene promoter and potentiate its expression in hepatocytes. Food Funct 2021; 12:4165-4175. [PMID: 33977939 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health issue as it is a social burden and the main risk factor for other metabolic diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that a high-fat diet (HFD) is the key factor for the development of obesity, but the key genes and their associated molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we performed integrated bioinformatic analysis and identified that fructose-1,6 biphosphatase 2 (FBP2) was involved in free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes and HFD-induced obesity in mice. Our data showed that palmitate (PA) and oleic acid (OA) induced the expression of FBP2 in time- and dose-dependent manners, and accelerated the development of lipid droplets in LO2 human normal liver cells. In HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice, accompanied by insulin resistance and lipid droplet accumulation, the mRNA and protein levels of FBP2 in the livers also increased significantly. The results from the methylation sequencing PCR (MSP) and bisulfite specific PCR (BSP) indicated that PA/OA induced the demethylation of the FBP2 gene promoter in LO2 cells. Moreover, betaine, a methyl donor, attenuated the expression of the FBP2 gene, the accumulation of lipid droplets, and the expression of perilipin-2, a biomarker of lipid droplets, in LO2 cells. All these findings revealed that FBP2 might be involved in HFD-induced obesity, and it is of interest to investigate the role of FBP2 in the treatment and prevention of obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujing Wang
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China. and College of Pharmacy& Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Min Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China. and College of Pharmacy& Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yucui Wu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China. and College of Pharmacy& Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xingan Li
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China. and College of Pharmacy& Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China. and College of Pharmacy& Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Li Yin
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China. and College of Pharmacy& Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Lab of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China. and College of Pharmacy& Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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