99901
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Review of Lambda Interferons in Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Outcomes and Therapeutic Strategies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061090. [PMID: 34207487 PMCID: PMC8230240 DOI: 10.3390/v13061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects over 250 million people worldwide and causes nearly 1 million deaths per year due to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Approved treatments for chronic infection include injectable type-I interferons and nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. A small minority of patients achieve seroclearance after treatment with type-I interferons, defined as sustained absence of detectable HBV DNA and surface antigen (HBsAg) antigenemia. However, type-I interferons cause significant side effects, are costly, must be administered for months, and most patients have viral rebound or non-response. Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors reduce HBV viral load and improve liver-related outcomes, but do not lower HBsAg levels or impart seroclearance. Thus, new therapeutics are urgently needed. Lambda interferons (IFNLs) have been tested as an alternative strategy to stimulate host antiviral pathways to treat HBV infection. IFNLs comprise an evolutionarily conserved innate immune pathway and have cell-type specific activity on hepatocytes, other epithelial cells found at mucosal surfaces, and some immune cells due to restricted cellular expression of the IFNL receptor. This article will review work that examined expression of IFNLs during acute and chronic HBV infection, the impact of IFNLs on HBV replication in vitro and in vivo, the association of polymorphisms in IFNL genes with clinical outcomes, and the therapeutic evaluation of IFNLs for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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99902
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Guzel F, Romano M, Keles E, Piskin D, Ozen S, Poyrazoglu H, Kasapcopur O, Demirkaya E. Next Generation Sequencing Based Multiplex Long-Range PCR for Routine Genotyping of Autoinflammatory Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666273. [PMID: 34177904 PMCID: PMC8219981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decade, remarkable progress with massive sequencing has been made in the identification of disease-associated genes for AIDs using next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS). An international group of experts described the ideal genetic screening method which should give information about SNVs, InDels, Copy Number Variations (CNVs), GC rich regions. We aimed to develop and validate a molecular diagnostic method in conjunction with the NGS platform as an inexpensive, extended and uniform coverage and fast screening tool which consists of nine genes known to be associated with various AIDs. Methods For the validation of basic and expanded panels, long-range multiplex models were setup on healthy samples without any known variations for MEFV, MVK, TNFRSF1A, NLRP3, PSTPIP1, IL1RN, NOD2, NLRP12 and LPIN2 genes. Patients with AIDs who had already known causative variants in these genes were sequenced for analytical validation. As a last step, multiplex models were validated on patients with pre-diagnosis of AIDs. All sequencing steps were performed on the Illumina NGS platform. Validity steps included the selection of related candidate genes, primer design, development of screening methods, validation and verification of the product. The GDPE (Gentera) bioinformatics pipeline was followed. Results Although there was no nonsynonymous variation in 21 healthy samples, 107 synonymous variant alleles and some intronic and UTR variants were detected. In 10 patients who underwent analytical validation, besides the 11 known nonsynonymous variant alleles, 11 additional nonsynonymous variant alleles and a total of 81 synonymous variants were found. In the clinical validation phase, 46 patients sequenced with multiplex panels, genetic and clinical findings were combined for diagnosis. Conclusion In this study, we describe the development and validation of an NGS-based multiplex array enabling the "long-amplicon" approach for targeted sequencing of nine genes associated with common AIDs. This screening tool is less expensive and more comprehensive compared to other methods and more informative than traditional sequencing. The proposed panel offers advantages to WES or hybridization probe equivalents in terms of CNV analysis, high sensitivity and uniformity, GC-rich region sequencing, InDel detection and intron covering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Guzel
- Department of Research and Development, Gentera Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Micol Romano
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Erdi Keles
- Department of Research and Development, Gentera Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David Piskin
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Poyrazoglu
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kasapcopur
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Cerrhapasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Demirkaya
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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99903
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Thomopoulou K, Papadaki C, Monastirioti A, Koronakis G, Mala A, Kalapanida D, Mavroudis D, Agelaki S. MicroRNAs Regulating Tumor Immune Response in the Prediction of the Outcome in Patients With Breast Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:668534. [PMID: 34179081 PMCID: PMC8220200 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.668534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in immune surveillance and immune escape as well as modulators in the metastatic process of breast cancer cells. We evaluated the differential expression of plasma miR-10b, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-126 and miR-155, which regulate immune response in breast cancer progression and we investigated their clinical relevance in the outcomes of breast cancer patients. Plasma samples were obtained from early (eBC; n = 140) and metastatic (mBC; n = 64) breast cancer patients before adjuvant or first-line chemotherapy, respectively. Plasma miRNA expression levels were assessed by qRT-PCR. We revealed a 4-miRNA panel consisted of miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-126, and miR-155 able to discriminate eBC from mBC patients with an AUC of 0.802 (p < 0.001). Survival analysis in eBC patients revealed that low miR-10b and miR-155 expression was associated with shorter disease free survival (disease free survival; p = 0.012 and p = 0.04, respectively) compared to high expression. Furthermore, miR-126 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (overall survival; p = 0.045). In multivariate analysis the number of infiltrated axillary lymph nodes and low miR-10b expression independently predicted for shorter DFS (HR: 2.538; p = 0.002 and HR: 1.943; p = 0.033, respectively) and axillary lymph nodes and low miR-126 for shorter OS (HR: 3.537; p = 0.001 and HR: 2.558; p = 0.018). In the subgroup of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, low miR-155 expression independently predicted for shorter DFS (HR: 5.056; p = 0.037). Accordingly in mBC, patients with low miR-10b expression had shorter progression free survival and OS compared to patients with high expression (p = 0.0017 and p = 0.042, respectively). In multivariate analysis, recurrent disease and low miR-10b expression independently predicted for shorter PFS (HR: 2.657; p = 0.001 and HR: 1.920; p = 0.017, respectively), whereas performance status two independently predicted for shorter OS (HR: 2.031; p = 0.03). In summary, deregulated expression of circulating miRNAs involved in tumor and immune cell interactions evaluated before adjuvant and 1st-line chemotherapy can distinguish disease status and emerge as independent predictors for outcomes of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Thomopoulou
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chara Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexia Monastirioti
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Koronakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Mala
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Despoina Kalapanida
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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99904
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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99905
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Liang L, Cao J, Wei TYW, Tsai MD, Vincent SP. Synthesis of a biotinylated heptose 1,7-bisphosphate analogue, a probe to study immunity and inflammation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4943-4948. [PMID: 33988211 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
d-glycero-d-manno-Heptose-1β,7-bisphosphate (HBP) is a bacterial metabolite that can induce a TIFA-dependent innate immune response in mammals. It was recently discovered that after HBP enters into the cytoplasm of the host cell, it is transformed into ADP-heptose-7-phosphate, which then leads to ALPK1-TIFA-dependent inflammatory response. In order to provide a molecular tool allowing the discovery of the proteins involved in this novel inflammatory pathway, we designed and synthesized a biotinylated analogue of HBP. This chemical probe displays an anomeric β-phosphate and a phosphonate at the 7-position, and a d-configured 6-position to which is attached the biotin moiety. To do so, different synthetic strategies were explored and described in this report. Moreover, we demonstrated that the biotinylated version of HBP is still biologically active and can activate the NF-κB pathway in HEK293T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Cao
- University of Namur (UNamur), NARILIS, Department of Chemistry, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | | | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stéphane P Vincent
- University of Namur (UNamur), NARILIS, Department of Chemistry, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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99906
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Wang F, Li Y, Jiang H, Li C, Li Z, Qi C, Li Z, Gao Z, Zhang B, Wu J. Dual-Ligand-Modified Liposomes Co-Loaded with Anti-Angiogenic and Chemotherapeutic Drugs for Inhibiting Tumor Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4001-4016. [PMID: 34135585 PMCID: PMC8200177 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s309804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor angiogenesis has been proven to potentiate tumor growth and metastasis; therefore, the strategies targeting tumor-related angiogenesis have great potentials in antitumor therapy. METHODS Here, the GA&Gal dual-ligand-modified liposomes co-loaded with curcumin and combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CUCA/GA&Gal-Lip) were prepared and characterized. A novel "BEL-7402+HUVEC" co-cultured cell model was established to mimic tumor microenvironment. The cytotoxicity and migration assays were performed against the novel co-cultured model. Angiogenesis ability was evaluated by tube formation test, and in vivo metastatic ability was evaluated by lung metastasis test. RESULTS The result demonstrated that dual-ligand-modified liposomes showed greater inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in comparison with other combined groups. Significantly, the mechanism analysis revealed that curcumin and combretastatin A-4 phosphate could inhibit tumor angiogenesis and metastasis via down-regulation of VEGF and VEGFR2 expression, respectively, and that GA&Gal-Lip could improve antitumor effect by GA/Gal-mediated active-targeting delivery. CONCLUSION CUCA/GA&Gal-Lip hold great potentials in hepatoma-targeting delivery of antitumor drugs and can achieve anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects by simultaneously blocking VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathway, therefore exhibiting superior anti-hepatoma efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqing Wang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanying Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenglei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Qi
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Gao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingliang Wu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, People’s Republic of China
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99907
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Waller RG, Klein RJ, Vijai J, McKay JD, Clay-Gilmour A, Wei X, Madsen MJ, Sborov DW, Curtin K, Slager SL, Offit K, Vachon CM, Lipkin SM, Dumontet C, Camp NJ. Sequencing at lymphoid neoplasm susceptibility loci maps six myeloma risk genes. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1142-1153. [PMID: 33751038 PMCID: PMC8188404 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited genetic risk factors play a role in multiple myeloma (MM), yet considerable missing heritability exists. Rare risk variants at genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci are a new avenue to explore. Pleiotropy between lymphoid neoplasms (LNs) has been suggested in family history and genetic studies, but no studies have interrogated sequencing for pleiotropic genes or rare risk variants. Sequencing genetically enriched cases can help discover rarer variants. We analyzed exome sequencing in familial or early-onset MM cases to identify rare, functionally relevant variants near GWAS loci for a range of LNs. A total of 149 distinct and significant LN GWAS loci have been published. We identified six recurrent, rare, potentially deleterious variants within 5 kb of significant GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms in 75 MM cases. Mutations were observed in BTNL2, EOMES, TNFRSF13B, IRF8, ACOXL and TSPAN32. All six genes replicated in an independent set of 255 early-onset MM or familial MM or precursor cases. Expansion of our analyses to the full length of these six genes resulted in a list of 39 rare and deleterious variants, seven of which segregated in MM families. Three genes also had significant rare variant burden in 733 sporadic MM cases compared with 935 control individuals: IRF8 (P = 1.0 × 10-6), EOMES (P = 6.0 × 10-6) and BTNL2 (P = 2.1 × 10-3). Together, our results implicate six genes in MM risk, provide support for genetic pleiotropy between LN subtypes and demonstrate the utility of sequencing genetically enriched cases to identify functionally relevant variants near GWAS loci.
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MESH Headings
- Acyl-CoA Oxidase/genetics
- Butyrophilins/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Hodgkin Disease/genetics
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Risk Factors
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- Tetraspanins/genetics
- Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein/genetics
- Exome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James D McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Alyssa Clay-Gilmour
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Xiaomu Wei
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Madsen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Douglas W Sborov
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles Dumontet
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, University of Lyon, 69361 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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99908
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Regulation of TREM1-Mediated Inflammation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reports4020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for more than 90% of cases of primary liver cancer, is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic inflammation precedes the development of cirrhosis and HCC. TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell)-1 is an inflammatory marker and amplifier of inflammation that signals through PI3K and ERK1/2 to activate transcription factors, resulting in increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, causing chronic inflammation and predisposing the liver to carcinogenesis. Thus, targeting TREM-1 in HCC might be a potential therapeutic target. A low level of vitamin D has been associated with chronic inflammation and poor prognosis in HCC. Thus, we evaluated the effect of vitamin D on TREM-1 expression in the HCC cell line. Additionally, the effects of high mobility group box-1, lipopolysaccharide, and transcription factor PU.1 on the expression of TREM-1 in normal liver cells and HCC cells have been investigated in the presence and absence of vitamin D. The results showed increased expression of TREM-1 in HCC cells and with IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and rHMGB-1 and decreased expression with calcitriol. Calcitriol also attenuated the effect of IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and rHMGB-1 on TREM-1. Calcitriol treatment attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. These results (in vitro) provide molecular and biochemical evidence that calcitriol significantly attenuates the expression of mediators of inflammation, and thus might be used therapeutically together with conventional treatment to delay the progression of HCC. Additionally, the negative regulation of TREM-1 by PU.1 suggests PU.1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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99909
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Lucchini E, Rusconi C, Levis M, Ricci F, Santoro A, Ricardi U, Volpetti S, Matrone F, di Russo A, Caizzi M, Schiattarella A, Zaja F. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy as salvage treatment for relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: A retrospective analysis in 12 patients. Hematol Rep 2021; 13:9080. [PMID: 34221295 PMCID: PMC8215529 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2021.9080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of complete remission (CR) with the anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) nivolumab (N) and pembrolizumab (P) in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is low (20-30%), and the majority of patients eventually relapse. One strategy to improve their outcome is to combine ICI with radiotherapy (ICI-RT), taking advantage of a supposed synergistic effect. We retrospectively collected data of 12 adult patients with R/R cHL treated with ICI-RT delivered during or within 8 weeks from the start or after the end of ICI. Median age at ICI-RT was 37 years, 50% had previously received an autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) and 92% brentuximab vedotin. RT was given concurrently, before or after ICI in 4, 1 and 7 patients. Median RT dose was 30Gy, for a median duration of 22 days. Median number of ICI administrations was 15. Overall response and CR rate were 100% and 58%. Nine patients received subsequent SCT consolidation (7 allogeneic and 2 autologous). After a median follow-up of 18 months, 92% of patients were in CR. No major concerns about safety were reported. ICI-RT combination appears to be a feasible and highly active bridge treatment to transplant consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lucchini
- Department of Hematology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano- Isontina, Trieste
| | - Chiara Rusconi
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano
| | - Mario Levis
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano
| | | | - Stefano Volpetti
- Department of Hematology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine
| | - Fabio Matrone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone
| | - Anna di Russo
- Division of Radiotherapy Oncology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano
| | - Manuela Caizzi
- Department of Hematology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano- Isontina, Trieste
| | - Anna Schiattarella
- Department of Radiotherapy, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, Trieste
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99910
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Jiang N, Li Z, Luo Y, Jiang L, Zhang G, Yang Q, Chen H. Emodin ameliorates acute pancreatitis-induced lung injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neutrophil recruitment. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:857. [PMID: 34178130 PMCID: PMC8220649 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) activates the systemic inflammatory response and is potentially lethal. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of emodin on acute lung injury (ALI) in rats with SAP and investigate the role of the Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its association with neutrophil recruitment. Sodium taurocholate (5.0%) was used to establish the SAP model. All animals were randomly assigned into four groups: Sham, SAP, emodin and dexamethasone (positive control drug) groups (n=10 mice per group). Histopathology observation of pancreatic and lung tissues was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of serum amylase, IL-1β and IL-18 were measured by ELISA. Single-cell suspensions were obtained from enzymatically digested lung tissues, followed by flow cytometric analysis for apoptosis. In addition, the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated and apoptosis-associated proteins in lung tissues were measured by western blotting. Moreover, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D+ (Ly6G+) cell recruitment was detected using immunohistochemical analysis. The results revealed that emodin markedly improved pancreatic histological injury and decreased the levels of serum amylase, IL-1β and IL-18. Pulmonary edema and apoptosis were significantly alleviated by emodin. Additionally, the protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD and cleaved caspase-1 were downregulated following emodin treatment. Moreover, emodin inhibited Ly6G+ cell recruitment in lung tissues. The present study demonstrated that emodin may offer protection against ALI induced by SAP via inhibiting and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neutrophil recruitment and may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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99911
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Diversity of Rainbow Trout Blood B Cells Revealed by Single Cell RNA Sequencing. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060511. [PMID: 34207643 PMCID: PMC8227096 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Although evolutionarily jawed fish constitute the first group of animals in which a complete adaptive immune system based on immunoglobulins (Igs) is present, many structural immune differences between fish and mammals predict important functional and phenotypical differences between B cells in these two animal groups. However, to date, very few tools are available to study B cell heterogeneity and functionality in fish. Hence, thus far, antibodies targeting the different Igs have been almost exclusively applied as tools to investigate B cell functionality in fish. In the current study, we used the newly developed 10× Genomics single cell RNA sequencing technology and used it to analyze the transcriptional pattern of single B cells from peripheral blood. The results obtained provide us with a transcriptional profile at single cell level of what seem to correspond to different B cell subsets or B cells in different stages of maturation or differentiation. The information provided will not only help us understand the biology of teleost B cells, but also provides us with a repertoire of potential markers that could be used in the future to differentiate trout B cell subsets. Abstract Single-cell sequencing technologies capable of providing us with immune information from dozens to thousands of individual cells simultaneously have revolutionized the field of immunology these past years. However, to date, most of these novel technologies have not been broadly applied to non-model organisms such as teleost fish. In this study, we used the 10× Genomics single cell RNA sequencing technology and used it to analyze for the first time in teleost fish the transcriptional pattern of single B cells from peripheral blood. The analysis of the data obtained in rainbow trout revealed ten distinct cell clusters that seem to be associated with different subsets and/or maturation/differentiation stages of circulating B cells. The potential characteristics and functions of these different B cell subpopulations are discussed on the basis of their transcriptomic profile. The results obtained provide us with valuable information to understand the biology of teleost B cells and offer us a repertoire of potential markers that could be used in the future to differentiate trout B cell subsets.
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99912
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Runx1 and Runx3 drive progenitor to T-lineage transcriptome conversion in mouse T cell commitment via dynamic genomic site switching. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019655118. [PMID: 33479171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019655118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt domain-related (Runx) transcription factors are essential for early T cell development in mice from uncommitted to committed stages. Single and double Runx knockouts via Cas9 show that target genes responding to Runx activity are not solely controlled by the dominant factor, Runx1. Instead, Runx1 and Runx3 are coexpressed in single cells; bind to highly overlapping genomic sites; and have redundant, collaborative functions regulating genes pivotal for T cell development. Despite stable combined expression levels across pro-T cell development, Runx1 and Runx3 preferentially activate and repress genes that change expression dynamically during lineage commitment, mostly activating T-lineage genes and repressing multipotent progenitor genes. Furthermore, most Runx target genes are sensitive to Runx perturbation only at one stage and often respond to Runx more for expression transitions than for maintenance. Contributing to this highly stage-dependent gene regulation function, Runx1 and Runx3 extensively shift their binding sites during commitment. Functionally distinct Runx occupancy sites associated with stage-specific activation or repression are also distinguished by different patterns of partner factor cobinding. Finally, Runx occupancies change coordinately at numerous clustered sites around positively or negatively regulated targets during commitment. This multisite binding behavior may contribute to a developmental "ratchet" mechanism making commitment irreversible.
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99913
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Geng H, Subramanian S, Wu L, Bu HF, Wang X, Du C, De Plaen IG, Tan XD. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 Forms Intracellular Aggregates and Inhibits IFNγ-Induced Antiviral Gene Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679482. [PMID: 34177923 PMCID: PMC8221109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a disease that involves significant lung tissue damage. How SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to lung injury remains elusive. The open reading frame 8 (ORF8) protein of SARS-CoV-2 (ORF8SARS-CoV-2) is a unique accessory protein, yet little is known about its cellular function. We examined the cellular distribution of ORF8SARS-CoV-2 and its role in the regulation of human lung epithelial cell proliferation and antiviral immunity. Using live imaging and immunofluorescent staining analyses, we found that ectopically expressed ORF8SARS-CoV-2 forms aggregates in the cytosol and nuclear compartments of lung epithelial cells. Using in silico bioinformatic analysis, we found that ORF8SARS-CoV-2 possesses an intrinsic aggregation characteristic at its N-terminal residues 1-18. Cell culture did not reveal any effects of ORF8SARS-CoV-2 expression on lung epithelial cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, suggesting that ORF8SARS-CoV-2 aggregates do not affect these cellular processes. Interestingly, ectopic expression of ORF8SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cells suppressed basal expression of several antiviral molecules, including DHX58, ZBP1, MX1, and MX2. In addition, expression of ORF8SARS-CoV-2 attenuated the induction of antiviral molecules by IFNγ but not by IFNβ in lung epithelial cells. Taken together, ORF8SARS-CoV-2 is a unique viral accessory protein that forms aggregates when expressing in lung epithelial cells. It potently inhibits the expression of lung cellular anti-viral proteins at baseline and in response to IFNγ in lung epithelial cells, which may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 escape from the host antiviral innate immune response during early viral infection. In addition, it seems that formation of ORF8SARS-CoV-2 aggregate is independent from the viral infection. Thus, it would be interesting to examine whether any COVID-19 patients exhibit persistent ORF8 SARS-CoV-2 expression after recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. If so, the pathogenic effect of prolonged ORF8SARS-CoV-2 expression and its association with post-COVID symptoms warrant investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Geng
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Longtao Wu
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Heng-Fu Bu
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chao Du
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Isabelle G. De Plaen
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Research Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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99914
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Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Kodama T, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Tongue Cancer Cell-Derived CCL20 Induced by Interaction With Macrophages Promotes CD163 Expression on Macrophages. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667174. [PMID: 34178651 PMCID: PMC8219974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD163-positive macrophages contribute to the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We showed in a previous report that CD163-positive macrophages infiltrated not only to the cancer nest but also to its surrounding epithelium, depending on the presence of stromal invasion in tongue carcinogenesis. However, the role of intraepithelial macrophages in tongue carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the biological behavior of intraepithelial macrophages on their interaction with cancer cells. Materials and Methods We established the indirect coculture system (intraepithelial neoplasia model) and direct coculture system (invasive cancer model) of human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1-derived CD163-positive macrophages with SCC25, a tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell line. Conditioned media (CM) harvested from these systems were analyzed using cytokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and extracted a specific upregulated cytokine in CM from the direct coculture system (direct CM). The correlation of both this cytokine and its receptor with various clinicopathological factors were evaluated based on immunohistochemistry using clinical samples from 59 patients with TSCC. Moreover, the effect of this cytokine in direct CM on the phenotypic alterations of THP-1 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transwell migration assay. Results It was shown that CCL20 was induced in the direct CM specifically. Interestingly, CCL20 was produced primarily in SCC25. The expression level of CCR6, which is a sole receptor of CCL20, was higher than the expression level of SCC25. Our immunohistochemical investigation showed that CCL20 and CCR6 expression was associated with lymphatic vessel invasion and the number of CD163-positive macrophages. Recombinant human CCL20 induced the CD163 expression and promoted migration of THP-1. We also confirmed that a neutralizing anti-CCL20 antibody blocked the induction of CD163 expression by direct CM in THP-1. Moreover, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with the CCL20-driven induction of CD163 expression in THP-1. Conclusions Tongue cancer cell-derived CCL20 that was induced by interaction with macrophages promotes CD163 expression on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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99915
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Scherlinger M, Tsokos GC. Reactive oxygen species: The Yin and Yang in (auto-)immunity. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102869. [PMID: 34118461 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by immune cells in response to antigens. They are produced mostly in the mitochondria and their levels are tightly controlled by a series of metabolic processes. ROS are necessary for the development of the immune response but the role of ROS in the development of autoimmune disease needs further clarification. Early clinical information points to the beneficial role of supplementation of antioxidant agents or the reduction of ROS production. We review recent information in the field in an effort to identify areas more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Scherlinger
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), France; Service de rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France.
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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99916
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Zhong ZJ, Yao ZP, Shi ZQ, Liu YD, Liu LF, Xin GZ. Measurement of Intracellular Nitric Oxide with a Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Probe Approach. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8536-8543. [PMID: 34107211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule of physiological importance, and the function of NO depends on its concentration in biological systems, particularly in cells. Concentration-based analysis of intracellular NO can provide insight into its precise role in health and disease. However, current methods for detecting intracellular NO are still inadequate for quantitative analysis. In this study, we report a quantitative mass spectrometry probe approach to measure NO levels in cells. The probe, Amlodipine (AML), comprises a Hantzsch ester group that reacts with NO to form a pyridine, Dehydro Amlodipine (DAM). Quantification of DAM by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) allows specific measurement of intracellular NO levels. Notably, the AML/NO reaction proceeds rapidly (within 1 s), which is favorable for NO detection considering its large diffusivity and short half-life. Meanwhile, studies under simulated physiological conditions revealed that the AML response to NO is proportional and selective. The presented UPLC-MS/MS method showed high sensitivity (LLOQ = 0.24 nM) and low matrix interference (less than 15%) in DAM quantification. Furthermore, the mass spectrometry probe approach was demonstrated by enabling the measurement of endogenous and exogenous NO in cells. Hence, the quantitative UPLC-MS/MS method developed using AML as a probe is expected to be a new method for intracellular NO analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zi-Qi Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang-Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
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99917
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Rodríguez-Saavedra C, Morgado-Martínez LE, Burgos-Palacios A, King-Díaz B, López-Coria M, Sánchez-Nieto S. Moonlighting Proteins: The Case of the Hexokinases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:701975. [PMID: 34235183 PMCID: PMC8256278 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.701975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins are defined as proteins with two or more functions that are unrelated and independent to each other, so that inactivation of one of them should not affect the second one and vice versa. Intriguingly, all the glycolytic enzymes are described as moonlighting proteins in some organisms. Hexokinase (HXK) is a critical enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and displays a wide range of functions in different organisms such as fungi, parasites, mammals, and plants. This review discusses HXKs moonlighting functions in depth since they have a profound impact on the responses to nutritional, environmental, and disease challenges. HXKs’ activities can be as diverse as performing metabolic activities, as a gene repressor complexing with other proteins, as protein kinase, as immune receptor and regulating processes like autophagy, programmed cell death or immune system responses. However, most of those functions are particular for some organisms while the most common moonlighting HXK function in several kingdoms is being a glucose sensor. In this review, we also analyze how different regulation mechanisms cause HXK to change its subcellular localization, oligomeric or conformational state, the response to substrate and product concentration, and its interactions with membrane, proteins, or RNA, all of which might impact the HXK moonlighting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodríguez-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Morgado-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Burgos-Palacios
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz King-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Montserrat López-Coria
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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99918
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Li Y, Ling J, Jiang Q. Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691013. [PMID: 34177950 PMCID: PMC8221428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast-osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains structural integrity and bone tissue homeostasis; in contrast, dysregulated bone remodeling may cause pathological osteolysis, in which inflammation plays a vital role in promoting bone destruction. The alveolar bone presents high turnover rate, complex associations with the tooth and periodontium, and susceptibility to oral pathogenic insults and mechanical stress, which enhance its complexity in host defense and bone remodeling. Alveolar bone loss is also involved in systemic bone destruction and is affected by medication or systemic pathological factors. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of alveolar bone remodeling. The inflammasome is a supramolecular protein complex assembled in response to pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation also facilitates the clearance of intracellular pathogens and irritants. However, inadequate or excessive activity of the inflammasome may allow for persistent infection and infection spreading or uncontrolled destruction of the alveolar bone, as commonly observed in periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis, orthodontic tooth movement, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nonsterile or sterile osteomyelitis of the jaw, and osteoporosis. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the role and mechanism of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and development of etiologically diverse diseases associated with alveolar bone loss. Inappropriate inflammasome activation may drive alveolar osteolysis by regulating cellular players, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T helper 17 cells, causing increased osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and enhanced periodontium inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting inappropriate inflammasome activity in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. Novel strategies for inhibiting inflammasome signaling may facilitate the development of versatile drugs that carefully balance the beneficial contributions of inflammasomes to host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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99919
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Mechanistic basis of post-treatment control of SIV after anti-α4β7 antibody therapy. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009031. [PMID: 34106916 PMCID: PMC8189501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating macaques with an anti-α4β7 antibody under the umbrella of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during early SIV infection can lead to viral remission, with viral loads maintained at < 50 SIV RNA copies/ml after removal of all treatment in a subset of animals. Depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes in controllers resulted in transient recrudescence of viremia, suggesting that the combination of cART and anti-α4β7 antibody treatment led to a state where ongoing immune responses kept the virus undetectable in the absence of treatment. A previous mathematical model of HIV infection and cART incorporates immune effector cell responses and exhibits the property of two different viral load set-points. While the lower set-point could correspond to the attainment of long-term viral remission, attaining the higher set-point may be the result of viral rebound. Here we expand that model to include possible mechanisms of action of an anti-α4β7 antibody operating in these treated animals. We show that the model can fit the longitudinal viral load data from both IgG control and anti-α4β7 antibody treated macaques, suggesting explanations for the viral control associated with cART and an anti-α4β7 antibody treatment. This effective perturbation to the virus-host interaction can also explain observations in other nonhuman primate experiments in which cART and immunotherapy have led to post-treatment control or resetting of the viral load set-point. Interestingly, because the viral kinetics in the various treated animals differed—some animals exhibited large fluctuations in viral load after cART cessation—the model suggests that anti-α4β7 treatment could act by different primary mechanisms in different animals and still lead to post-treatment viral control. This outcome is nonetheless in accordance with a model with two stable viral load set-points, in which therapy can perturb the system from one set-point to a lower one through different biological mechanisms. Some macaques treated with an anti-α4β7 monoclonal antibody along with antiretroviral therapy during the early stages of simian immunodeficiency virus infection had their viral load become undetectable (below 50 SIV RNA copies/ml) after all treatment was stopped, whereas animals not given the antibody all had their viral loads rebound to high levels. Using a mathematical model, we examined four potential ways in which the antibody could have altered the balance between viral growth and immune control to maintain an undetectable viral load. We show that a shift to controlled infection can occur through multiple biologically reasonable mechanisms of action of the anti-α4β7 antibody.
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99920
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Teklu M, Zhou W, Kapoor P, Patel N, Playford MP, Sorokin AV, Dey AK, Teague HL, Abdelrahman KM, Manyak GA, Erb-Alvarez JA, Shanbhag SM, Rodante JA, Keel A, Lockshin B, Chen MY, Gelfand JM, Bluemke DA, Wenger NK, Mehta NN. Sex Differences in Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Psoriasis by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:2044-2046. [PMID: 34147437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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99921
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Hibl BM, Dailey Garnes NJM, Kneubehl AR, Vogt MB, Spencer Clinton JL, Rico-Hesse RR. Mosquito-bite infection of humanized mice with chikungunya virus produces systemic disease with long-term effects. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009427. [PMID: 34106915 PMCID: PMC8189471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne alphavirus responsible for acute to chronic arthralgias and neuropathies. Although it originated in central Africa, recent reports of disease have come from many parts of the world, including the Americas. While limiting human CHIKV cases through mosquito control has been used, it has not been entirely successful. There are currently no licensed vaccines or treatments specific for CHIKV disease, thus more work is needed to develop effective countermeasures. Current animal research on CHIKV is often not representative of human disease. Most models use CHIKV needle inoculation via unnatural routes to create immediate viremia and localized clinical signs; these methods neglect the natural route of transmission (the mosquito vector bite) and the associated human immune response. Since mosquito saliva has been shown to have a profound effect on viral pathogenesis, we evaluated a novel model of infection that included the natural vector, Aedes species mosquitoes, transmitting CHIKV to mice containing components of the human immune system. Humanized mice infected by 3-6 mosquito bites showed signs of systemic infection, with demonstrable viremia (by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent antibody assay), mild to moderate clinical signs (by observation, histology, and immunohistochemistry), and immune responses consistent with human infection (by flow cytometry and IgM ELISA). This model should give a better understanding of human CHIKV disease and allow for more realistic evaluations of mechanisms of pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne M. Hibl
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalie J. M. Dailey Garnes
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Kneubehl
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megan B. Vogt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Spencer Clinton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca R. Rico-Hesse
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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99922
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Baltayeva J, Konwar C, Castellana B, Mara DL, Christians JK, Beristain AG. Obesogenic diet exposure alters uterine natural killer cell biology and impairs vasculature remodeling in mice†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:63-75. [PMID: 31436293 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prepregnancy obesity associates with adverse reproductive outcomes that impact maternal and fetal health. While obesity-driven mechanisms underlying adverse pregnancy outcomes remain unclear, local uterine immune cells are strong but poorly studied candidates. Uterine immune cells, particularly uterine natural killer cells (uNKs), play central roles in orchestrating developmental events in pregnancy. However, the effect of obesity on uNK biology is poorly understood. Using an obesogenic high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFD) mouse model, we set out to examine the effects of maternal obesity on uNK composition and establishment of the maternal-fetal interface. HFD exposure resulted in weight gain-dependent increases in systemic inflammation and rates of fetal resorption. While HFD did not affect total uNK frequencies, HFD exposure did lead to an increase in natural cytotoxicity receptor-1 expressing uNKs as well as overall uNK activity. Importantly, HFD-associated changes in uNK coincided with impairments in uterine artery remodeling in mid but not late pregnancy. Comparison of uNK mRNA transcripts from control and HFD mice identified HFD-directed changes in genes that play roles in promoting activity/cytotoxicity and vascular biology. Together, this work provides new insight into how obesity may impact uNK processes central to the establishment of the maternal-fetal interface in early and mid pregnancy. Moreover, these findings shed light on the cellular processes affected by maternal obesity that may relate to overall pregnancy health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennet Baltayeva
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chaini Konwar
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Barbara Castellana
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Danielle L Mara
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julian K Christians
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Alexander G Beristain
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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99923
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Elia U, Rotem S, Bar-Haim E, Ramishetti S, Naidu GS, Gur D, Aftalion M, Israeli M, Bercovich-Kinori A, Alcalay R, Makdasi E, Chitlaru T, Rosenfeld R, Israely T, Melamed S, Abutbul Ionita I, Danino D, Peer D, Cohen O. Lipid Nanoparticle RBD-hFc mRNA Vaccine Protects hACE2 Transgenic Mice against a Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4774-4779. [PMID: 34032435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to development of mRNA vaccines, which became a leading anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunization platform. Preclinical studies are limited to infection-prone animals such as hamsters and monkeys in which protective efficacy of vaccines cannot be fully appreciated. We recently reported a SARS-CoV-2 human Fc-conjugated receptor-binding domain (RBD-hFc) mRNA vaccine delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). BALB/c mice demonstrated specific immunologic responses following RBD-hFc mRNA vaccination. Now, we evaluated the protective effect of this RBD-hFc mRNA vaccine by employing the K18 human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (K18-hACE2) mouse model. Administration of an RBD-hFc mRNA vaccine to K18-hACE2 mice resulted in robust humoral responses comprising binding and neutralizing antibodies. In correlation with this response, 70% of vaccinated mice withstood a lethal SARS-CoV-2 dose, while all control animals succumbed to infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first nonreplicating mRNA vaccine study reporting protection of K18-hACE2 against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Elia
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Gonna Somu Naidu
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David Gur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Ma'ayan Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Bercovich-Kinori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Theodor Chitlaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
| | - Inbal Abutbul Ionita
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dganit Danino
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Shmunis School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ofer Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel
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99924
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Cao T, Peng B, Zhou X, Cai J, Tang Y, Luo J, Xie H, Zhang J, Liu S. Integrated signaling system under endoplasmic reticulum stress in eukaryotic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4805-4818. [PMID: 34106312 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle, which is crucial for correct folding and assembly of secretory and transmembrane proteins. Perturbations of ER function can cause ER stress. ER stress can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to cope with the accumulation of misfolded proteins and protein toxicity. UPR is a coordination system that regulates transcription and translation, leading to the recovery of ER homeostasis or cell death. However, cells have an integrated signaling system to cope with ER stress, which helps cells to restore and balance their ER function. The main components of this system are ER-associated degradation (ERAD), autophagy, hypoxia signaling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. If the balance cannot be restored, the imbalance will lead to cell death or apoptosis, or even to a series of diseases. In this review, a series of activities to restore the homeostasis of cells during ER stress are discussed. KEY POINTS: • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in the biological process of cells. • Perturbations of ER function can cause ER stress, including the ER overload response (EOR), sterol-regulated cascade reaction, and the UPR. • Cells have an integrated signaling system (ERAD, autophagy, hypoxia signaling, and mitochondrial biogenesis) to cope with the adverse impact caused by ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Binfeng Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Jialun Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangquan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China.
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99925
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Grieco GE, Fignani D, Formichi C, Nigi L, Licata G, Maccora C, Brusco N, Sebastiani G, Dotta F. Extracellular Vesicles in Immune System Regulation and Type 1 Diabetes: Cell-to-Cell Communication Mediators, Disease Biomarkers, and Promising Therapeutic Tools. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682948. [PMID: 34177928 PMCID: PMC8219977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by cells of origin through complex molecular mechanisms and released into extracellular environment. Hence, the presence of EVs has been described in multiple biological fluids and in most cases their molecular cargo, which includes non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), messenger RNAs (mRNA), and proteins, has been reported to modulate distinct biological processes. EVs release and their molecular cargo have been demonstrated to be altered in multiple diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Notably, numerous evidence showed a relevant crosstalk between immune system and interacting cells through specific EVs release. The crosstalk between insulin-producing pancreatic β cells and immune system through EVs bidirectional trafficking has yet started to be deciphered, thus uncovering an intricate communication network underlying type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. EVs can also be found in blood plasma or serum. Indeed, the assessment of circulating EVs cargo has been shown as a promising advance in the detection of reliable biomarkers of disease progression. Of note, multiple studies showed several specific cargo alterations of EVs collected from plasma/serum of subjects affected by autoimmune diseases, including T1D subjects. In this review, we discuss the recent literature reporting evidence of EVs role in autoimmune diseases, specifically focusing on the bidirectional crosstalk between pancreatic β cells and immune system in T1D and highlight the relevant promising role of circulating EVs as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Fignani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Formichi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Licata
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Maccora
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Fondazione Umberto Di Mario, c/o Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy.,UOC Diabetologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Tuscany Centre for Precision Medicine (CReMeP), Siena, Italy
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99926
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Deng X, Zhou C, Liao R, Guo Y, Wang Y, Li G, Wu J, Xu H, Hu Z, Pei G, Liao W, Yao Y, Yang Q, Zeng R, Xu G. Separated parabiont reveals the fate and lifespan of peripheral-derived immune cells in normal and ischaemia-induced injured kidneys. Open Biol 2021; 11:200340. [PMID: 34102079 PMCID: PMC8187026 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration plays a key role in acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and other immune cells regulate inflammation, tissue remodelling and repair. To determine the kinetics of accumulation of various immune cell populations, we established an animal model combining parabiosis and separation surgery to explore the fate and lifespan of peripheral leucocytes that migrate to the kidney. We found that peripheral T lymphocytes could survive for a long time (more than 14 days), whereas peripheral neutrophils survived for a short time in both healthy and ischaemia-induced damaged kidneys. Nearly half of the peripheral-derived macrophages disappeared after 14 days in normal kidneys, while their existing time in the inflammatory kidneys was prolonged. A fraction of F4/80high macrophages were renewed from the circulating monocyte pool. In addition, we found that after renal ischaemia reperfusion, neutrophils increased significantly in the early phase, and T lymphocytes mainly accumulated in the late stage, whereas macrophages infiltrated throughout AKI-CKD progression and were sustained longer in injured as opposed to normal kidneys. In conclusion, peripheral-derived macrophages, T lymphocytes and neutrophils exhibit different lifespans in the kidney, which may play different roles during AKI-CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Deng
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruichun Liao
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Li
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huzi Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchang Pei
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Liao
- Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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99927
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Liu Y, Kaplan MJ. Neutrophil Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021; 47:317-333. [PMID: 34215366 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent identifications of a subset of proinflammatory neutrophils, low-density granulocytes, and their ability to readily form neutrophil extracellular traps led to a resurgence of interest in neutrophil dysregulation in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This article presents an overview on how neutrophil dysregulation modulates the innate and adaptive immune responses in SLE and their putative roles in disease pathogenesis. The therapeutic potential of targeting this pathogenic process in the treatment of SLE is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 12N248C, Bethesda, MD 20892-1930, USA.
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99928
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Parimon T, Hohmann MS, Yao C. Cellular Senescence: Pathogenic Mechanisms in Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6214. [PMID: 34207528 PMCID: PMC8227105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and fatal lung disease that significantly impacts the aging population globally. To date, anti-fibrotic, immunosuppressive, and other adjunct therapy demonstrate limited efficacies. Advancing our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of lung fibrosis will provide a future path for the cure. Cellular senescence has gained substantial interest in recent decades due to the increased incidence of fibroproliferative lung diseases in the older age group. Furthermore, the pathologic state of cellular senescence that includes maladaptive tissue repair, decreased regeneration, and chronic inflammation resembles key features of progressive lung fibrosis. This review describes regulatory pathways of cellular senescence and discusses the current knowledge on the senescence of critical cellular players of lung fibrosis, including epithelial cells (alveolar type 2 cells, basal cells, etc.), fibroblasts, and immune cells, their phenotypic changes, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these cells contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. A few challenges in the field include establishing appropriate in vivo experimental models and identifying senescence-targeted signaling molecules and specific therapies to target senescent cells, known collectively as "senolytic" or "senotherapeutic" agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Miriam S. Hohmann
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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99929
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A new approach for activation of the kiwifruit cysteine protease for usage in in-vitro testing. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4065-4072. [PMID: 34109497 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Actinidin (Act d 1), a highly abundant cysteine protease from kiwifruit, is one of the major contributors to the development of kiwifruit allergy. Many studies have focused on the optimization of Act d 1 purification and its role in the development of food allergies. Testing on cell culture monolayers is a common step in the elucidation of food allergen sensitization. In the case of cysteine proteases, an additional activation step with L-cysteine is required before the testing. Hence, we aimed to evaluate whether L-cysteine already present in commonly used cell culture media would suffice for Act d 1 activation. Successfully activated Act d 1 (98.1% of proteolytic activity, as compared to L-cysteine activated Act d 1) was further tested in two commonly used 2D model systems (Caco-2 and HEK293 cells) to evaluate its role on the mRNA expression of cytokines involved in the innate immunity (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, TSLP). Furthermore, the contribution of Act d 1 in the promotion of inflammation through regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression was also examined. These results demonstrate that activation of cysteine proteases can be achieved without previous enzyme incubation in L-cysteine -containing solution. Act d 1 incubated in cell culture medium was able to modulate gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines when tested on two model systems of the epithelial barrier.
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99930
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Wieser V, Abdel Azim S, Sprung S, Knoll K, Kögl J, Hackl H, Marth C, Zeimet AG, Fiegl H. TNFα signalling predicts poor prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1065-1073. [PMID: 32301486 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecologic tumour in the Western world. Previous studies have implicated an imbalance of oestrogens and progestogens in the development of most ECs, while the role of low-grade tissue inflammation remains largely unexplored. We investigated the impact of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a central mediator of inflammation and spermatogenesis-associated protein 2 (SPATA2), a regulator of TNF receptor signalling, on clinical outcomes in EC. We evaluated TNFA and SPATA2 transcript levels in 239 EC patients and 25 non-malignant control tissues. Findings were validated in a cohort of 332 EC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Expression of TNFA and SPATA2 was increased in EC when compared with control tissues (P < 0.001). TNFA expression correlated with SPATA2 expression in non-malignant (P = 0.003, rS = 0.568) and EC tissue (P = 0.005, rS = 0.179). High TNFA and SPATA2 expression were associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS; P = 0.049 and P = 0.018) and disease-specific (P = 0.034 and P = 0.002) survival. Increased SPATA2 expression was also associated with decreased overall survival (OS; P = 0.013). In multivariate analysis, both TNFA and SPATA2 were predictors of clinical outcome. The impact of SPATA2 on RFS and OS could be validated in the TCGA cohort. Our study demonstrates that ECs exhibit a TNF signature which predicts clinical outcome. These findings indicate that TNF signalling modulates the course of EC, which could be therapeutically utilized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wieser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Samira Abdel Azim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Susanne Sprung
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Katharina Knoll
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Johanna Kögl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Christian Marth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Alain G Zeimet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Heidelinde Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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99931
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Lübbers J, Eveline Li RJ, Gorki FS, Bruijns SCM, Gallagher A, Kalay H, Ambrosini M, Molenaar D, Van den Bossche J, van Vliet SJ, van Kooyk Y. α2-3 Sialic acid binding and uptake by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells alters metabolism and cytokine release and initiates tolerizing T cell programming. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab012. [PMID: 35919745 PMCID: PMC9327115 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key in the initiation of the adaptive T cell responses to tailor adequate immunity that corresponds to the type of pathogen encountered. Oppositely, DCs control the resolution phase of inflammation and are able to induce tolerance after receiving anti-inflammatory cytokines or upon encounter of self-associated molecular patterns, such as α2-3 linked sialic acid (α2-3sia).
Objective: We here investigated whether α2-3sia, that bind immune inhibitory Siglec receptors, would alter signaling and reprogramming of LPS-stimulated human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs).
Methods and Results: Transcriptomic analysis of moDCs stimulated with α2-3sia-conjugated dendrimers revealed differentially expressed genes related to metabolic pathways, cytokines, and T cell differentiation. An increase in genes involved in ATPase regulator activity, oxidoreductase activity, and glycogen metabolic processes was detected. Metabolic extracellular flux analysis confirmed a more energetic moDC phenotype upon α2-3sia binding as evidenced by an increase in both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. TH1 differentiation promoting genes IFNL and IL27, were significantly downregulated in the presence of α2-3sia. Functional assays confirmed that α2-3sia binding to moDCs induced phosphorylation of Siglec-9, reduced production of inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-6, and increased IL-10. Surprisingly, α2-3sia-differentiated moDCs promoted FoxP3+CD25+/-CD127- regulatory T cell differentiation and decreased FoxP3-CD25-CD127- effector T cell proliferation.
Conclusions: In conclusion, we demonstrate that α2-3sia binding to moDCs, phosphorylates Siglec-9, alters metabolic pathways, cytokine signaling, and T cell differentiation processes in moDCs and promotes regulatory T cells. The sialic acid-Siglec axis on DCs is therefore, a novel target to induce tolerance and to explore for immunotherapeutic interventions aimed to restore inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Lübbers
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui-Jún Eveline Li
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Friederike S Gorki
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven C M Bruijns
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley Gallagher
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martino Ambrosini
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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99932
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Goenka A, Halliday A, Gregorova M, Milodowski E, Thomas A, Williamson MK, Baum H, Oliver E, Long AE, Knezevic L, Williams AJK, Lampasona V, Piemonti L, Gupta K, Di Bartolo N, Berger I, Toye AM, Vipond B, Muir P, Bernatoniene J, Bailey M, Gillespie KM, Davidson AD, Wooldridge L, Rivino L, Finn A. Young infants exhibit robust functional antibody responses and restrained IFN-γ production to SARS-CoV-2. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100327. [PMID: 34124701 PMCID: PMC8188298 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 appears rare in children. This is unexpected, especially in young infants, who are vulnerable to severe disease caused by other respiratory viruses. We evaluate convalescent immune responses in 4 infants under 3 months old with confirmed COVID-19 who presented with mild febrile illness, alongside their parents, and adult controls recovered from confirmed COVID-19. Although not statistically significant, compared to seropositive adults, infants have high serum levels of IgG and IgA to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with a corresponding functional ability to block SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Infants also exhibit robust saliva anti-spike IgG and IgA responses. Spike-specific IFN-γ production by infant peripheral blood mononuclear cells appears restrained, but the frequency of spike-specific IFN-γ- and/or TNF-α-producing T cells is comparable between infants and adults. On principal-component analysis, infant immune responses appear distinct from their parents. Robust functional antibody responses alongside restrained IFN-γ production may help protect infants from severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Goenka
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice Halliday
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michaela Gregorova
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Amy Thomas
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Holly Baum
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna E Long
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lea Knezevic
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Vito Lampasona
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Kapil Gupta
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalie Di Bartolo
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Imre Berger
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley M Toye
- Bristol Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Red Blood Cell Products, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Institute of Transfusion Science, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Barry Vipond
- National Infection Service, Public Health England South West, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Muir
- National Infection Service, Public Health England South West, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Jolanta Bernatoniene
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Mick Bailey
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathleen M Gillespie
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.,School of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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99933
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Hao L, Huang F, Yu X, Xu B, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Y. The Role of Early Growth Response Family Members 1-4 in Prognostic Value of Breast Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:680132. [PMID: 34178038 PMCID: PMC8220134 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response family members (EGRs), EGR1–4, have increasingly attracted attention in multiple cancers. However, the exact expression patterns and prognostic values of EGRs in the progress of breast cancer (BRCA) remain largely unknown. The mRNA expression and prognostic characteristics of EGRs were examined by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. Enrichment analyses were conducted based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and MethSurv were further explored. The protein expression of EGR1 in BRCA was measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The migration of mammary epithelial cells was determined by Boyden chamber assay. The transcriptional levels of EGR1/2/3 displayed significantly low expression in BRCA compared with that in normal tissues, while EGR4 was shown adverse expression pattern. Survival analysis revealed upregulated EGR1–4 were remarkably associated with favorable relapse-free survival (RFS). A close correlation with specific tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and several CpG sites of EGRs were exhibited. Immunohistochemistry assays showed that the protein expression of EGR1 was remarkably downregulated in BRCA compared with that in paracancerous tissues. The migration of MCF10A mammary epithelial cells was increased after the silence of EGR1 by siRNA transfection. This study provides a novel insight to the role of EGRs in the prognostic value of BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyu Hao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengru Huang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinqian Yu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bujie Xu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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99934
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Yamashiro K, Kurita N, Urabe T, Hattori N. Role of the Gut Microbiota in Stroke Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Implications. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 77 Suppl 2:36-44. [PMID: 34107468 DOI: 10.1159/000516398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major advances have been made in stroke treatment and prevention in the past decades. However, the burden of stroke remains high. Identification of novel targets and establishment of effective interventions to improve stroke outcomes are, therefore, needed. Recent research highlights the contribution of the gut microbiota to stroke pathogenesis. SUMMARY Compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, are linked to stroke risk factors, such as obesity, metabolic diseases, and atherosclerosis. In acute cerebral ischemia, the gut microbiota plays a key role in bidirectional interactions between the gut and brain, referred to as the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Gut dysbiosis prior to ischemic stroke affects outcomes. Additionally, the brain affects the gut microbiota during acute ischemic brain injury, which in turn impacts outcomes. Interactions between the gut microbiota and stroke pathogenesis are mediated by several factors including bacterial components (e.g., lipopolysaccharide), gut microbiota-related metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide), and the immune and nervous systems. Clinical studies have reported that patients with acute ischemic stroke exhibit gut dysbiosis, which is associated with host metabolism and inflammation, as well as functional outcomes. Modulation of the gut microbiota or its metabolites improves conditions related to stroke pathogenesis, including inflammation, cardiometabolic disease, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. Key Messages: Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a possible role in stroke pathogenesis. Modulation of the gut microbiota may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamashiro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohide Kurita
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takao Urabe
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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99935
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Villarreal-Calderon JR, Cuellar-Tamez R, Castillo EC, Luna-Ceron E, García-Rivas G, Elizondo-Montemayor L. Metabolic shift precedes the resolution of inflammation in a cohort of patients undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12127. [PMID: 34108550 PMCID: PMC8190106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric and metabolic surgery has shown to promote weight loss and reduce systemic inflammation. However, the sequence and timing of events regarding metabolic improvement and inflammation resolution has been rarely explored. Furthermore, data on inflammatory markers of Th17 and Th1 cell responses after bariatric surgery is scarce. We conducted a prospective study in subjects with obesity that underwent bariatric and metabolic surgery, with follow-ups at 3 and 6 months. Anthropometric and metabolic markers such as insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and lipid parameters declined significantly 3 months after surgery; while hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 serum concentrations decreased 6 months after the procedure. Concentrations of Th1 signature and driver cytokines, particularly IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-18, and of Th17 driver IL-23 also decreased significantly after 6 months. Significant positive correlations between triglyceride levels and hs-CRP, IL-1β, and IFN-γ concentrations, and between Apo B and IFN-γ levels were observed 6 months after bariatric and metabolic surgery. In addition, BMI was associated with hs-CRP and TNF-α concentrations. Fat mass correlated with hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-12. Analysis of the temporality of metabolic and inflammatory events suggests that improvement in the metabolic status occurs before resolution of systemic inflammation and may be a requisite for the later event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Romeo Villarreal-Calderon
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación en Obesidad y Nutrición Clínica, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Cuellar-Tamez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Elena C Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Eder Luna-Ceron
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico.
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación en Obesidad y Nutrición Clínica, 64710, Monterrey, Mexico. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey. Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico.
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99936
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Gao S, Wang Z. Comprehensive Analysis of Regulatory Network for LINC00472 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:3533608. [PMID: 34221297 PMCID: PMC8211516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3533608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 2% to 3% of adult malignancies, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive type of kidney cancer. It accounts for 75% of all kidney tumors. Although new targeted drugs continue to appear, they are still not suitable for all patients. Therefore, an in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of the development of ccRCC and exploration of new targets for the treatment of ccRCC will help to achieve precise treatment for ccRCC. With the development of molecular research, the study of long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) has given us a new understanding of tumors. Although LncRNA does not encode proteins, it directly interacts with proteins in various signaling pathways and affects cell functions. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanism of LncRNA in ccRCC. The expression level of Linc00472 in ccRCC tissues is significantly lower than adjacent normal tissues, and its low expression is closely related to Furman's high grade. The low expression of Linc00472 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC. The results of protein interaction and functional enrichment analysis indicate that genes upregulated in renal clear cell carcinoma may play a major role. Analysis of target gene prediction results showed that Linc00472 may be used as ceRNA in the miR-24-3p-HLA-DPB1 pathway, miR-24-3p-CXCL9 pathway, miR-221-3p-C3aR1-VEGFR2 pathway, miR-17-5p-HLA-DQA1/HLA-DQB1 pathway, and miR-17-5p-C3aR1/C5aR1-VEGFR2 pathway which play important functions. In addition, the regulatory relationship between miR-24-3p and TNFR2 (TNFRSF1B), CD36, and COL4A1 should also be noted. The value of Linc00472 in the diagnosis and treatment of ccRCC is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoze Gao
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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99937
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Meng D, Luo M, Liu B. The Role of CLEC-2 and Its Ligands in Thromboinflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688643. [PMID: 34177942 PMCID: PMC8220156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2, also known as CLEC-1b) is expressed on platelets, Kupffer cells and other immune cells, and binds to various ligands including the mucin-like protein podoplanin (PDPN). The role of CLEC-2 in infection and immunity has become increasingly evident in recent years. CLEC-2 is involved in platelet activation, tumor cell metastasis, separation of blood/lymphatic vessels, and cerebrovascular patterning during embryonic development. In this review, we have discussed the role of CLEC-2 in thromboinflammation, and focused on the recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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99938
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Janssen M, Rijvers L, Koetzier SC, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Melief MJ, van Langelaar J, Runia TF, de Groot CJM, Neuteboom R, Smolders J, van Luijn MM. Pregnancy-induced effects on memory B-cell development in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12126. [PMID: 34108575 PMCID: PMC8190290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In MS, pathogenic memory B cells infiltrate the brain and develop into antibody-secreting cells. Chemokine receptors not only define their brain-infiltrating capacity, but also assist in their maturation in germinal centers. How this corresponds to pregnancy, as a naturally occurring modifier of MS, is underexplored. Here, we aimed to study the impact of pregnancy on both ex vivo and in vitro B-cell differentiation in MS. The composition and outgrowth of peripheral B cells were compared between 19 MS pregnant patients and 12 healthy controls during the third trimester of pregnancy (low relapse risk) and postpartum (high relapse risk). Transitional, and not naive mature, B-cell frequencies were found to drop in the third trimester, which was most prominent in patients who experienced a pre-pregnancy relapse. Early after delivery, these frequencies raised again, while memory B -cell frequencies modestly declined. CXCR4 was downregulated and CXCR5, CXCR3 and CCR6 were upregulated on postpartum memory B cells, implying enhanced recruitment into germinal center light zones for interaction with T follicular helper (TFH) cells. Postpartum memory B cells of MS patients expressed higher levels of CCR6 and preferentially developed into plasma cells under TFH-like in vitro conditions. These findings imply that memory B- cell differentiation contributes to postpartum relapse risk in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malou Janssen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liza Rijvers
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven C Koetzier
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annet F Wierenga-Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Melief
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie van Langelaar
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessel F Runia
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christianne J M de Groot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rinze Neuteboom
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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99939
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Kumar R, Massoumi H, Chug MK, Brisbois EJ. S-Nitroso- N-acetyl-l-cysteine Ethyl Ester (SNACET) Catheter Lock Solution to Reduce Catheter-Associated Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25813-25824. [PMID: 34029456 PMCID: PMC8735666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-lock therapy is an economically viable strategy to prevent/reduce the catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) that are associated with central venous catheters (CVCs). Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of the S-nitroso-N-acetyl-l-cysteine ethyl ester (SNACET), a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing molecule, and for the first time its application as a catheter lock solution to combat issues of bacterial infection associated with indwelling catheters. Nitric oxide is an endogenous gasotransmitter that exhibits a wide range of biological properties, including broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The storage stability of the SNACET and the NO release behavior of the prepared lock solution were analyzed. SNACET lock solutions with varying concentrations exhibited tuneable NO release at physiological levels for >18 h, as measured using chemiluminescence. The SNACET lock solutions were examined for their efficacy in reducing microbial adhesion after 18 h of exposure toStaphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) andEscherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). SNACET lock solutions with 50 and 75 mM concentrations were found to reduce >99% (ca. 3-log) of the adhered S. aureus and E. coli adhesion to the catheter surface after 18 h. The SNACET lock solutions were evaluated in a more challenging in vitro model to evaluate the efficacy against an established microbial infection on catheter surfaces using the same bacteria strains. A >90% reduction in viable bacteria on the catheter surfaces was observed after instilling the 75 mM SNACET lock solution within the lumen of the infected catheter for only 2 h. These findings propound that SNACET lock solution is a promising biocidal agent and demonstrate the initiation of a new platform technology for NO-releasing lock solution therapy for the inhibition and treatment of catheter-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hamed Massoumi
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Manjyot Kaur Chug
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Brisbois
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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99940
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Moradi S, Jarrahi E, Ahmadi A, Salimian J, Karimi M, Zarei A, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Ghanei M. PI3K signalling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and opportunities for therapy. J Pathol 2021; 254:505-518. [PMID: 33959951 DOI: 10.1002/path.5696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease characterised by airway inflammation and progressive obstruction of the lung airflow. Current pharmacological treatments include bronchodilators, alone or in combination with steroids, or other anti-inflammatory agents, which have only partially contributed to the inhibition of disease progression and mortality. Therefore, further research unravelling the underlying mechanisms is necessary to develop new anti-COPD drugs with both lower toxicity and higher efficacy. Extrinsic signalling pathways play crucial roles in COPD development and exacerbations. In particular, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling has recently been shown to be a major driver of the COPD phenotype. Therefore, several small-molecule inhibitors have been identified to block the hyperactivation of this signalling pathway in COPD patients, many of them showing promising outcomes in both preclinical animal models of COPD and human clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the critically important roles played by hyperactivated PI3K signalling in the pathogenesis of COPD. We also critically review current therapeutics based on PI3K inhibition, and provide suggestions focusing on PI3K signalling for the further improvement of the COPD phenotype. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Moradi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Jarrahi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Zarei
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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99941
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Ni K, Huang Z, Zhu Y, Xue D, Jin Q, Zhang C, Gu C. The lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 Regulates RPL22 to Modulate TNBC Progression via Controlling the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654472. [PMID: 34178640 PMCID: PMC8219971 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression, but further work is needed to fully understand the functional relevance of these non-coding RNAs in this cancer type. Herein, we explored the functional role of the lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 in TNBC. Methods Next-generation sequencing was conducted to compare the expression of different lncRNAs in TNBC tumor and paracancerous tissues, after which ADAMTS9-AS2differential expression in these tumor tissues was evaluated via qPCR. The functional role of this lncRNA was assessed by overexpressing it in vitro and in vivo. FISH and PCR were used to assess the localization of ADAMTS9-AS2within cells. Downstream targets of ADAMTS9-AS2 signaling were identified via RNA pulldown assays and transcriptomic sequencing. Results The expression ofADAMTS9-AS2 was decreased in TNBC tumor samples (P < 0.05), with such downregulation being correlated with TNM stage, age, and tumor size. Overexpressing ADAMTS9-AS2 promoted the apoptotic death and cell cycle arrest of tumor cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. From a mechanistic perspective, ADAMTS9-AS2 was found to control the expression of RPL22 and to thereby modulate TGF-β signaling to control TNBC progression. Conclusion ADAMTS9-AS2 controls the expression of RPL22 and thereby regulates TNBC malignancy via the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiqi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong First people's hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yichun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dandan Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Changjiang Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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99942
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Serag Eldien MM, Abdou AG, Elghrabawy GRA, Alhanafy AM, Mahmoud SF. Stratification of urothelial bladder carcinoma depending on immunohistochemical expression of GATA3 and CK5/6. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 42:662-678. [PMID: 34106817 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1937212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) has two pathways with distinct molecular features and prognosis, non-muscle invasive (NMI) and muscle invasive (MI) tumors. The aim is to investigate the expression of GATA3 and CK5/6 in BUC with correlation to clinicopathologic parameters, including their impact on survival beside their potential use to stratify cases into prognostic subgroups. This study included 80 cases of BUC stained immunohistochemically by GATA3 and CK5/6. The cases were divided into four groups regarding expression status of both markers (luminal, basal, mixed, and null). GATA3 percentage of expression decreased in urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, MI tumors, high-grade tumors, tumors with involved lymph nodes, presence of perineural invasion, presence of bilharziasis, presence of lympho-vascular invasion, and high mitotic count. CK5/6 positivity was higher in urothelial carcinoma cases with squamous differentiation, MI tumors, and presence of perineural invasion. Pure urothelial carcinoma and NMI were in favor of luminal group (GATA3 +ve/CK5/6 -ve). Univariate analysis showed that the presence of bilharziasis was associated with shorter PFS (p = .04). GATA3 and CK5/6 could be used for the stratification of urothelial bladder carcinoma into subtypes with different characteristics. Luminal bladder cancer represents the most common type (60%) that carries favorable features. Bilharziasis-associated urothelial carcinoma carries poor outcome manifested by short PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | | | - Alshimaa Mahmoud Alhanafy
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Shereen Fathy Mahmoud
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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99943
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Pearson JA, Wong FS, Wen L. Inflammasomes and Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686956. [PMID: 34177937 PMCID: PMC8219953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota have been identified as an important modulator of susceptibility in the development of Type 1 diabetes in both animal models and humans. Collectively these studies highlight the association of the microbiota composition with genetic risk, islet autoantibody development and modulation of the immune responses. However, the signaling pathways involved in mediating these changes are less well investigated, particularly in humans. Importantly, understanding the activation of signaling pathways in response to microbial stimulation is vital to enable further development of immunotherapeutics, which may enable enhanced tolerance to the microbiota or prevent the initiation of the autoimmune process. One such signaling pathway that has been poorly studied in the context of Type 1 diabetes is the role of the inflammasomes, which are multiprotein complexes that can initiate immune responses following detection of their microbial ligands. In this review, we discuss the roles of the inflammasomes in modulating Type 1 diabetes susceptibility, from genetic associations to the priming and activation of the inflammasomes. In addition, we also summarize the available inhibitors for therapeutically targeting the inflammasomes, which may be of future use in Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander Pearson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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99944
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van den Bogaard EH, Esser C, Perdew GH. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor at the forefront of host-microbe interactions in the skin: A perspective on current knowledge gaps and directions for future research and therapeutic applications. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1477-1483. [PMID: 34105853 PMCID: PMC8518783 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The skin is home to a community of skin microbiota including bacteria, viruses and fungi, which are widely accepted to be of importance for skin homeostasis but also associated with skin diseases. Detailed knowledge on the skin microbiota composition and its changes in a number of skin diseases is available. Yet, specific interactions between microbes and the host skin cells or how they communicate with each other are less well understood. To identify, understand and eventually therapeutically exploit causal relationships of microbial dysbiosis with disease, studies are required that address the receptors and mediators involved in host‐microbe interactions. In this perspective article, we provide an outlook on one of such receptors, namely the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR is well known for being a ligand‐activated transcription factor regulating the proliferation, differentiation and function of many cell types present in the skin. Its targeting by anti‐inflammatory therapeutics such as coal tar and Tapinarof is effective in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. AHR signalling is activated upon binding of wide variety of small chemicals or ligands, including microbiota‐derived metabolites. New evidence has emerged pointing towards a key role for epidermal AHR signalling through skin microbiota‐derived metabolites. In response, AHR‐driven expression of antimicrobial peptides and stratum corneum formation may alter the skin microbiota composition. This a self‐perpetuating feedback loop calls for novel therapeutic intervention strategies for which we herein discuss the requirements in future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Esser
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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99945
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Edelblute C, Mangiamele C, Heller R. Moderate Heat-Assisted Gene Electrotransfer for Cutaneous Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Against Hepatitis B Virus. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1360-1369. [PMID: 33926214 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 350 million people are living with chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide. Preventative HBV vaccination in infants has reduced the disease burden; however, insufficient immunization programs and access obstacles leave vulnerable populations at risk for infection in endemic regions. Gene electrotransfer (GET) using a noninvasive multielectrode array (MEA) provides an alternative platform for DNA vaccination in the skin. DNA vaccines are nonlive and nonreplicating and temperature stable unlike their counterparts. In addition, their simple engineering allows them to be manufactured quickly at a low cost. In the current work, we present the combination of GET and moderate heating for delivery of a DNA vaccine against HBV. Our laboratory has previously shown the synergy between moderate tissue preheating at 43°C and GET with the MEA as a means to reduce both the applied voltage and pulse number to achieve similar if not higher gene expression than GET alone. In this study, we expand upon this work, by optimizing the plasmid dose to achieve the highest level of expression. Using the reporter gene luciferase, we found that an intradermal injection of 100 μL at 1 mg/mL induced the highest expression levels across all tested GET conditions. We then evaluated our moderate heat-assisted GET platform for the intradermal delivery of a plasmid encoding Hepatitis B surface antigen (pHBsAg) via a prime and prime plus boost vaccination protocol. At 18 weeks, following the prime plus boost protocol, we observed that a high-voltage low-pulse GET condition with moderate heating (45 V 36 p+heat) generated antibodies against Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAb) at peak measuring 230-fold over injection of plasmid DNA alone with moderate heating. HBsAbs remained robust over the 30-week observation period. These data suggest that moderate heat-assisted GET has the potential to induce strong immune responses, an attractive feature for development of an alternative vaccine delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Edelblute
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, and.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Richard Heller
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, and.,Department of Medical Engineering, Colleges of Medicine and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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99946
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Barrera MJ, Aguilera S, Castro I, Carvajal P, Jara D, Molina C, González S, González MJ. Dysfunctional mitochondria as critical players in the inflammation of autoimmune diseases: Potential role in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102867. [PMID: 34118452 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Relevant reviews highlight the association between dysfunctional mitochondria and inflammation, but few studies address the contribution of mitochondria and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs) to cellular homeostasis and inflammatory signaling. The present review outlines the important role of mitochondria in cellular homeostasis and how dysfunctional mitochondrion can release and misplace mitochondrial components (cardiolipin, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and mitochondrial formylated peptides) through multiple mechanisms. These components can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and induce an inflammatory response via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Accumulation of damaged ROS-generating mitochondria, accompanied by the release of mitochondrial DAMPs, can activate PRRs such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, TLR9, cGAS/STING, and ZBP1. This process would explain the chronic inflammation that is observed in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type I diabetes (T1D), and Sjögren's syndrome. This review also provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of MERCs to mitochondrial function and morphology, cellular homeostasis, and the inflammatory response. MERCs play an important role in calcium homeostasis by mediating the transfer of calcium from the ER to the mitochondria and thereby facilitating the production of ATP. They also contribute to the synthesis and transfer of phospholipids, protein folding in the ER, mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial fusion, initiation of autophagosome formation, regulation of cell death/survival signaling, and regulation of immune responses. Therefore, alterations within MERCs could increase inflammatory signaling, modulate ER stress responses, cell homeostasis, and ultimately, the cell fate. This study shows severe ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria in salivary gland cells from Sjögren's syndrome patients for the first time, which could trigger alterations in cellular bioenergetics. This finding could explain symptoms such as fatigue and malfunction of the salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome patients, which would contribute to the chronic inflammatory pathology of the disease. However, this is only a first step in solving this complex puzzle, and several other important factors such as changes in mitochondrial morphology, functionality, and their important contacts with other organelles require further in-depth study. Future work should focus on detecting the key milestones that are related to inflammation in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren´s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Barrera
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile
| | | | - Isabel Castro
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Carvajal
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Jara
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile
| | - Sergio González
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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99947
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Praxedes-Campagnoni I, Vecchi B, Gumina E, Hernandez-Velasco X, Hall JW, Layton S. Assessment of Novel Water Applied Prebiotic to Evaluate Gut Barrier Failure and Performance in Two Commercial Trials in Brazil. A Pilot Study With an Economic Perspective. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:652730. [PMID: 34169104 PMCID: PMC8219212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.652730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of administration of a water applied prebiotic on gut barrier failure (Experiment 1) and performance in broiler chickens under commercial conditions (Experiment 2). Experiment 1, one thousand four hundred and forty day-of-hatch Ross broiler chickens were assigned to one of two experimental groups (n = 30 replicate pens/treatment; n = 24 chicks/pen). Birds in the treated group received the prebiotic orally in the drinking water (0.2ml/bird) on days 3 and 17 of age. The second group served as the untreated control group. On d 18, intestinal samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR to determine the expression of MUC2, IL-8, TGF-β4, and ZO-1. On d 17, d 28, and d 35 blood samples were collected to determine circulating endotoxin levels. On d 28, mucosal intestinal scrapping was collected to measure relative total sIgA levels. At d 42, liver samples were collected to evaluate liver bacterial translocation. In Experiment 2, the prebiotic was evaluated in two commercial trials. Chickens were raised under normal production conditions and fed a 3-phase commercial basal diet with enramycin (7 g/ton). In Trial 1, 8,974,237 broiler chickens were treated with the prebiotic. The prebiotic was administered in the drinking water (0.2 mL/bird) following the manufacture label instructions at day three and seventeen of life. Production parameters were compared to historical information from the company over the same broiler operation and production cycles. For trial 2, 921,411 broiler chickens were treated with the prebiotic as in Trial 1. In Experiment 1, treated chickens showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mRNA expression of MUC2, TGF-β4, IL-8, ZO-1, and sIgA, but a significant reduction of serum endotoxin levels and incidence of liver lactose positive bacterial translocation when compared to non-treated chickens. In both trials of Experiment 2, a significant reduction in total mortality was observed in the treated chickens when compared with the historical farm data. Economic analysis utilizing the total percent of mortality revealed a $1: $2.50 USD and $1: $4.17 USD return for Trial 1 and Trial 2, respectively. The results suggest that the prebiotic positively influences gastrointestinal integrity and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Vecchi
- Vetanco SA, Villa Martelli, Argentina.,BV Science, Lenexa, KS, United States
| | | | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jeffrey W Hall
- BV Science, Lenexa, KS, United States.,Vetanco USA, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Sherry Layton
- Vetanco SA, Villa Martelli, Argentina.,BV Science, Lenexa, KS, United States.,Vetanco USA, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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99948
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Baram T, Erlichman N, Dadiani M, Balint-Lahat N, Pavlovski A, Meshel T, Morzaev-Sulzbach D, Gal-Yam EN, Barshack I, Ben-Baruch A. Chemotherapy Shifts the Balance in Favor of CD8+ TNFR2+ TILs in Triple-Negative Breast Tumors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061429. [PMID: 34201054 PMCID: PMC8229590 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is primarily treated via chemotherapy; in parallel, efforts are made to introduce immunotherapies into TNBC treatment. CD4+ TNFR2+ lymphocytes were reported as Tregs that contribute to tumor progression. However, our published study indicated that TNFR2+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TNFR2+ TILs) were associated with improved survival in TNBC patient tumors. Based on our analyses of the contents of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs in TNBC patient tumors, in the current study, we determined the impact of chemotherapy on CD4+ and CD8+ TIL subsets in TNBC mouse tumors. We found that chemotherapy led to (1) a reduction in CD4+ TNFR2+ FOXP3+ TILs, indicating that chemotherapy decreased the content of CD4+ TNFR2+ Tregs, and (2) an elevation in CD8+ TNFR2+ and CD8+ TNFR2+ PD-1+ TILs; high levels of these two subsets were significantly associated with reduced tumor growth. In spleens of tumor-bearing mice, chemotherapy down-regulated CD4+ TNFR2+ FOXP3+ cells but the subset of CD8+ TNFR2+ PD-1+ was not present prior to chemotherapy and was not increased by the treatment. Thus, our data suggest that chemotherapy promotes the proportion of protective CD8+ TNFR2+ TILs and that, unlike other cancer types, therapeutic strategies directed against TNFR2 may be detrimental in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Baram
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978-01, Israel; (T.B.); (N.E.); (T.M.)
| | - Nofar Erlichman
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978-01, Israel; (T.B.); (N.E.); (T.M.)
| | - Maya Dadiani
- Sheba Medical Center, Breast Oncology Institute, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel; (M.D.); (D.M.-S.); (E.N.G.-Y.)
| | - Nora Balint-Lahat
- Sheba Medical Center, Pathology Institute, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel; (N.B.-L.); (A.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Anya Pavlovski
- Sheba Medical Center, Pathology Institute, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel; (N.B.-L.); (A.P.); (I.B.)
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978-01, Israel; (T.B.); (N.E.); (T.M.)
| | - Dana Morzaev-Sulzbach
- Sheba Medical Center, Breast Oncology Institute, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel; (M.D.); (D.M.-S.); (E.N.G.-Y.)
| | - Einav Nili Gal-Yam
- Sheba Medical Center, Breast Oncology Institute, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel; (M.D.); (D.M.-S.); (E.N.G.-Y.)
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sheba Medical Center, Pathology Institute, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel; (N.B.-L.); (A.P.); (I.B.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978-01, Israel
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978-01, Israel; (T.B.); (N.E.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6407933 or +972-3-6405491; Fax: +972-3-6422046
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99949
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Vissenaekens H, Criel H, Grootaert C, Raes K, Smagghe G, Van Camp J. Flavonoids and cellular stress: a complex interplay affecting human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8535-8566. [PMID: 34098806 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1929822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid consumption has beneficial effects on human health, however, clinical evidence remains often inconclusive due to high interindividual variability. Although this high interindividual variability has been consistently observed in flavonoid research, the potential underlying reasons are still poorly studied. Especially the knowledge on the impact of health status on flavonoid responsiveness is limited and merits more investigation. Here, we aim to highlight the bidirectional interplay between flavonoids and cellular stress. First, the state-of-the-art concerning inflammatory stress and mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed and a comprehensive overview of recent in vitro studies investigating the impact of flavonoids on cellular stress, induced by tumor necrosis factor α, lipopolysaccharide and mitochondrial stressors, is given. Second, we critically discuss the influence of cellular stress on flavonoid uptake, accumulation, metabolism and cell responses, which has, to our knowledge, never been extensively reviewed before. Next, we advocate the innovative insight that stratification of the general population based on health status can reveal subpopulations that benefit more from flavonoid consumption. Finally, suggestions are given for the development of future cell models that simulate the physiological micro-environment, including interindividual variability, since more mechanistic research is needed to establish scientific-based personalized food recommendations for specific subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Vissenaekens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Criel
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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99950
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Prater M, Hamilton RS, Wa Yung H, Sharkey AM, Robson P, Abd Hamid NE, Jauniaux E, Charnock-Jones DS, Burton GJ, Cindrova-Davies T. RNA-Seq reveals changes in human placental metabolism, transport and endocrinology across the first-second trimester transition. Biol Open 2021; 10:268993. [PMID: 34100896 PMCID: PMC8214423 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is exposed to major environmental changes towards the end of the first trimester associated with full onset of the maternal arterial placental circulation. Changes include a switch from histotrophic to hemotrophic nutrition, and a threefold rise in the intraplacental oxygen concentration. We evaluated their impact on trophoblast development and function using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and DNA-methylation analyses performed on the same chorionic villous samples at 7-8 (n=8) and 13-14 (n=6) weeks of gestation. Reads were adjusted for fetal sex. Most DEGs were associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hormone secretion, transport, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. Transcripts higher in the first trimester were associated with synthesis and ER processing of peptide hormones, and glycolytic pathways. Transcripts encoding proteins mediating transport of oxygen, lipids, protein, glucose, and ions were significantly increased in the second trimester. The motifs of CBX3 and BCL6 were significantly overrepresented, indicating the involvement of these transcription factor networks in the regulation of trophoblast migration, proliferation and fusion. These findings are consistent with a high level of cell proliferation and hormone secretion by the early placenta to secure implantation in a physiological low-oxygen environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Prater
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Russell S Hamilton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Hong Wa Yung
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Andrew M Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory, The JAX Center for Genetics of Fertility and Reproduction, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | | | - Eric Jauniaux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - D Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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