99901
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Ghouraba MH, Masad RJ, Mpingirika EZ, Abdelraheem OM, Zeghlache R, Alserw AM, Amleh A. Role of NELF-B in supporting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation during hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:761. [PMID: 34539865 PMCID: PMC8436359 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative elongation factor-B (NELF-B), also known as cofactor of BRCA1 (COBRA1), is one of the four subunits of the NELF complex. It interacts with BRCA1, in addition to other transcription complexes in various tissues. The NELF complex represses the transcription of several genes by stalling RNA polymerase II during the early phase of transcription elongation. The role of NELF-B in liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent type of liver cancer, remains to be elucidated. It has been previously demonstrated that silencing of NELF-B inhibits the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of ectopic expression and silencing of NELF-B in liver cancer HepG2 and SNU449 cell lines. Functional assays were performed to examine the effects on gene and protein expression, viability, migration and invasion of cells. Overexpression of NELF-B did not alter the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, or the expression of tested genes, indicating that overexpression alone may not be sufficient for altering these features in HepG2 cells. By contrast, knockdown of NELF-B in SNU449 cells resulted in decreased cell proliferation, together with induction of apoptosis and decreased expression levels of Ki-67 and survivin, which are markers of proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis, respectively. Additionally, silencing of NELF-B resulted in a significant decrease in the hallmarks of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including cell migration and invasion, and decreased the expression levels of EMT markers, such as N-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin. Decreased expression levels of forkhead box F2 transcription factor and increased mRNA levels of trefoil factor 1, a putative tumor suppressor, were also detected following the silencing of NELF-B. The current results demonstrated that NELF-B enhanced the manifestation of most hallmarks of cancer, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibition of apoptosis, indicating its critical role in the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah Hani Ghouraba
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Razan Jamil Masad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Eric Zadok Mpingirika
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Omnia Mahmoud Abdelraheem
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Rached Zeghlache
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Aya M Alserw
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Asma Amleh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.,Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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99902
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Early Diagnosis of Neutropenic Enterocolitis by Bedside Ultrasound in Hematological Malignancies: A Prospective Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184277. [PMID: 34575387 PMCID: PMC8468879 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neutropenic enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening complication following chemotherapy with high mortality rates. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve outcomes. We designed a large prospective study employing bedside ultrasonography (US) as a novel approach to allow early diagnosis and prompt treatment to reduce mortality. (2) Methods: NEC was defined as US or computed tomography (CT)-proven bowel wall thickness ≥ 4 mm at the onset of at least one of the following symptoms: fever and/or abdominal pain and/or diarrhea during neutropenia. From 2007 to 2018, 1754 consecutive patients underwent baseline bedside US that was invariably repeated within 12 h from the onset of symptom(s) suggestive of NEC. (3) Results: Overall, 117 episodes of NEC were observed, and overall mortality was 9.4%. Bowel wall thickening was invariably absent in the negative control group. Abdominal pain associated with one or more symptoms correlated with the highest relative risk (17.33), sensitivity (89.7%), specificity (100%), and accuracy (96.2%) for diagnosis. The combination of abdominal pain and fever at onset significantly correlated with worse survival (p < 0.0001, OR 13.85). BWT (p = 0.046), type of therapy (p = 0.049) and blood culture positivity (p = 0.003) correlated with worse survival. (4) Conclusions: Bedside ultrasound is a non-invasive and radiation free imaging technique for early diagnosis of NEC and its prompt treatment significantly reduced mortality.
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99903
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Chen GR, Xie XF, Peng C. Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Chinese Medicine: A Review. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 29:377-384. [PMID: 34546535 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common refractory disease. Chinese medicine (CM) has remarkable efficacy and advantages on the treatment of IBS. This review summarized the articles focusing on the treatment of IBS with CM to sum up the latest treatment methods for IBS and the underlying mechanisms. Literature analysis showed that prescriptions, acupuncture, and moxibustion are the primary methods of CM treatment for IBS. The potential mechanism centers on the regulation of the enteric nervous system, the alleviation of visceral hypersensitivity, the stability of intestinal flora, and the regulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ru Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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99904
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Kesavan P, Joshi S, Gercek Y. Intermittent neck swelling: an unusual presentation of achalasia cardia. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e243229. [PMID: 34548296 PMCID: PMC8458346 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Achalasia is a rare cause of neck swelling. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman, who presented with an intermittent, unilateral neck swelling, associated with dysphagia, weight loss and regurgitation. The patient underwent a gastroscopy and barium swallow. This confirmed a dilated oesophagus with poor motility and hold up of liquid and food residue above the gastro-oesophageal junction, thus revealing the swelling was secondary to severe achalasia. The patient was managed with botulinum toxin injections and pneumatic dilatations but the results were short lived. She is now having manometry and is being considered for a Heller myotomy or peroral oesophageal myotomy. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of achalasia can result in the development of a neck swelling, which could later cause airway compromise and subsequent mortality. Achalasia should therefore be considered in patients with an initial diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease who do not respond to proton pump inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piriyanga Kesavan
- General Surgery, Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bedford, UK
| | - Shivani Joshi
- General Surgery, Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bedford, UK
| | - Yüksel Gercek
- General Surgery, Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bedford, UK
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99905
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Kader R, Hadjinicolaou AV, Georgiades F, Stoyanov D, Lovat LB. Optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps using convolutional neural networks. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5908-5918. [PMID: 34629808 PMCID: PMC8475008 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i35.5908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonoscopy remains the gold standard investigation for colorectal cancer screening as it offers the opportunity to both detect and resect pre-malignant and neoplastic polyps. Although technologies for image-enhanced endoscopy are widely available, optical diagnosis has not been incorporated into routine clinical practice, mainly due to significant inter-operator variability. In recent years, there has been a growing number of studies demonstrating the potential of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to enhance optical diagnosis of polyps. Data suggest that the use of CNNs might mitigate the inter-operator variability amongst endoscopists, potentially enabling a “resect and discard“ or ”leave in“ strategy to be adopted in real-time. This would have significant financial benefits for healthcare systems, avoid unnecessary polypectomies of non-neoplastic polyps and improve the efficiency of colonoscopy. Here, we review advances in CNN for the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps, current limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawen Kader
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas V Hadjinicolaou
- MRC Cancer Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fanourios Georgiades
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Danail Stoyanov
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London W1W 7TY, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence B Lovat
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London W1W 7TY, United Kingdom
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99906
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Bai Y, Ding M, Lu D, Li Y, Yao S, Wang L, Li H, Cui G, Li X, Sun X, Yang Y. Long Noncoding RNA AC007639.1 Promotes the Pathogenesis and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Inhibiting Apoptosis and Stimulating Chemotherapeutic Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:715541. [PMID: 34540685 PMCID: PMC8443795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.715541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known for its poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical in the pathogenesis of various types of cancers. We tried to explore the role of lncRNA in the development of HCC. Methods We identified the role of lncRNA AC007639.1 in the pathogenesis of HCC through bioinformatics and biological experiments in HepG2, Hep3B, and SMMC-7721 cells as well as the nude mice xenograft model. Results We found that lncRNA AC007639.1 was overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. Knocking down of lncRNA AC007639.1 by specific siRNAs or shRNAs promoted cancer cell death. The growth of mouse xenograft tumor created using lncRNA AC007639.1 deficient HepG2 cells was significantly slowed down. Furthermore, the knockdown of lncRNA AC007639.1 in HCC cells led to the increased expression of p53 and decreased expression of angiopoietin-like 4. Conclusion LncRNA AC007639.1 was involved in the pathogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibition of apoptosis and increasing HCC resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meijuan Ding
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Yao
- Department of Technology, Harbin Nachuan Bio-Science Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghua Cui
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoke Sun
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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99907
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Dysbiosis, gut-blood barrier rupture and autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia. Reumatologia 2021; 59:180-187. [PMID: 34538945 PMCID: PMC8436801 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2021.107588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of chronic autoimmune diseases is elusive both in somatic medicine and psychiatry. Examples of such conditions are rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenic disorders. Immune disturbances occur in both diseases, but it is difficult to combine them into a meaningful pathogenetic model. The immunological hypothesis of schizophrenia is based on non-specific changes in the cytokine system and exponents of chronic inflammation in some patients. In rheumatoid arthritis the cytokine network is much better known than in schizophrenia, and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor or Janus kinases became a target of treatment. Microbiome dysbiosis and disturbances of the blood–gut barrier may be a new hypothesis of the pathogenesis of somatic and psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this narrative review was to show, using the example of two chronic diseases – rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenic disorders – that disturbances in the blood barrier of the intestine can be a common mechanism of somatic and mental disorders. The paper presents the current state of knowledge on the hypothetical relationship between microbiome dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis. In conclusion, in the light of discoveries regarding the microbiome–gut–brain axis the immunological model of rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia formation may gain importance and contribute to the creation of new strategies for causal treatment of these still incurable diseases.
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99908
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Bariatric Surgery: Late Outcomes in Patients Who Reduced Comorbidities at Early Follow-Up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57090995. [PMID: 34577918 PMCID: PMC8472676 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Backgroundand Objectives: In severe obesity, a relevant weight loss can promote the reduction of comorbidities, such as systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (DM2). Bariatric surgery (BS) has been an essential resource in the therapy of this disease with a short-term reduction of cardiometabolic risk (CR). This study aimed to evaluate the reduction of factors associated with the CR in patients undergoing BS at a 5-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal, retrospective study carried out with patients undergoing BS by the Brazilian Public Healthcare System (PHS). Anthropometric and clinical parameters related to the CR (DM2, dyslipidemia, and SAH), quantified by the Assessment of Obesity-Related Comorbidities (AORC) score, were evaluated at the following moments: admission and preoperative and postoperative returns (3 months, 6 months, 1 to 5 years). Results: The sample had a mean age of 44.69 ± 9.49 years and were predominantly in the age group 20–29 years (34.80%) and women (72.46%). At admission to the service, 42.3% had DM2, 50.7% dyslipidemia, and 78.9% SAH. Regarding BS, the gastric bypass technique was used in 92.86% of the sample, and the waiting time for the procedure was 28.3 ± 24.4 months. In the pre- and postoperative period of 3 months, there was a significant reduction in the frequency of DM2 (p < 0.003), dyslipidemia (p < 0.000), and SAH (p < 0.000). However, at postoperative follow-up from 6 months to 5 years, there was no significant reduction in the comorbidities studied. After five years, 35.7% had total remission of DM2 and 2.9% partial remission of DM2, 44.2% had control and remission of dyslipidemia, and 19.6% of SAH (AORC score ≤ 2 for the comorbidities). Conclusion: BS promoted a reduction of the CR in the first three months after BS in severely obese PHS users.
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99909
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Urakawa S, Hirashita T, Hirashita Y, Lowenfeld L, Gurram KC, Nishimura M, Milsom JW. Use of an endoscopic flexible grasper as a traction tool for excision of polyps: preclinical trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18674. [PMID: 34548571 PMCID: PMC8455611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is challenging in the right colon. Traction devices can make it technically easier. In this study, we evaluated a flexible grasper with articulating tip and elbow-like bending (IgE) through a double-balloon surgical platform (DESP), compared with an earlier generation grasper without elbow-like bending (Ig). The reach of Ig/IgE was investigated at eight locations using a synthetic colon within a 3D model. Using a fresh porcine colorectum, 4 cm pseudo-polyps were created at the posterior wall of the ascending colon. Fifty-four ESD procedures were performed using three techniques: standard ESD (STD), ESD using Ig (DESP + Ig), and ESD using IgE (DESP + IgE). IgE was able to reach the full circumference at all the locations, whereas the medial walls proximal to the descending colon were out of Ig’s reach. Compared with the STD, both DESP + Ig and DESP + IgE showed significantly shorter procedure time (STD vs. DESP + Ig vs. DESP + IgE = median 48.9 min vs. 38.6 vs. 29.9) and fewer injuries (1.5 vs. 0 vs. 0). Moreover, the DESP + IgE had a shorter procedure time than the DESP + Ig (p = 0.0025). The IgE with DESP increased instrument reach compared to Ig, and likely represented a traction tool for excision of large pseudo-polyps in the right colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Urakawa
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/ New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, K-801, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Teijiro Hirashita
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/ New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, K-801, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yuka Hirashita
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/ New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, K-801, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lea Lowenfeld
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/ New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, K-801, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Krishna C Gurram
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makoto Nishimura
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Milsom
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/ New York Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, K-801, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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99910
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Piscotta FJ, Whitfield ST, Nakashige TG, Estrela AB, Ali T, Brady SF. Multiplexed functional metagenomic analysis of the infant microbiome identifies effectors of NF-κB, autophagy, and cellular redox state. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109746. [PMID: 34551287 PMCID: PMC8480279 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota plays a critical role in host health. Proper development of the infant microbiome is particularly important. Its dysbiosis leads to both short-term health issues and long-term disorders lasting into adulthood. A central way in which the microbiome interacts with the host is through the production of effector molecules, such as proteins and small molecules. Here, a metagenomic library constructed from 14 infant stool microbiomes is analyzed for the production of effectors that modulate three distinct host pathways: immune response (nuclear factor κB [NF-κB] activation), autophagy (LC3-B puncta formation), and redox potential (NADH:NAD ratio). We identify microbiome-encoded bioactive metabolites, including commendamide and hydrogen sulfide and their associated biosynthetic genes, as well as a previously uncharacterized autophagy-inducing operon from Klebsiella spp. This work extends our understanding of microbial effector molecules that are known to influence host pathways. Parallel functional screening of metagenomic libraries can be easily expanded to investigate additional host processes. Construction of a metagenomic library from stool of infants A multiplexed screen for bacterial effectors of host cellular processes Identification of microbiome-encoded effectors hydrogen sulfide and commendamide The products of a Klebsiella pneumoniae operon induce autophagy
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Piscotta
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shawn T Whitfield
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Toshiki G Nakashige
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andreia B Estrela
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thahmina Ali
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sean F Brady
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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99911
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Kpossou AR, Adjadohoun S, Diallo K, Badarou S, Ngamo G, Sokpon CNM, Vignon RK, Takin R, Yekpè P, Sehonou J, Biaou O. [Multifocal tuberculosis simulating multimetastatic colon cancer in an immunocompetent black African patient: a case report]. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:167. [PMID: 34539963 PMCID: PMC8434783 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.167.26879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
La tuberculose multifocale est rare chez le sujet immunocompétent. Caractérisée par une atteinte d´au moins deux sites extra-pulmonaires, associée ou non à une atteinte pulmonaire, elle est souvent de diagnostic difficile. Nous rapportons un cas de tuberculose multifocale chez un sujet noir africain non immunodéprimé au Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou au Bénin. Il s´agissait d´un jeune homme de 23 ans, sans antécédent particulier, admis pour une douleur abdominale diffuse, associée à une altération de l´état général. L´examen clinique objectivait un état de dénutrition sévère et une ascite de moyenne abondance. L´imagerie à travers les différentes modalités (radiographie du thorax, échographie et tomodensitométrie (TDM)) a objectivé de multiples lésions pulmonaires, hépatiques, pancréatiques, osseuses, ganglionnaires et coliques ayant d´abord fait suspecter un processus tumoral multi-métastatique. Une coloscopie avait ensuite montré une lésion bourgeonnante du caecum, dont les biopsies ont permis de mettre en évidence des Bacilles de Koch par GeneXpert. L´examen anatomo-pathologique des biopsies coliques et le GeneXpert des crachats avaient permis de confirmer la tuberculose multifocale. Mis sous traitement antituberculeux et soutien nutritionnel, l´évolution était marquée par le décès du patient. La tuberculose multifocale demeure une maladie grave, de diagnostic difficile, source d´errance diagnostique en milieu tropical d´autant plus si elle survient sur un terrain immunocompétent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboudou Raïmi Kpossou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Sonia Adjadohoun
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | - Salim Badarou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Gabriel Ngamo
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Comlan N'déhougbèa Martin Sokpon
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Rodolph Koffi Vignon
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Romulus Takin
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre de Cancérologie de Cotonou, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Patricia Yekpè
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Jean Sehonou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Olivier Biaou
- Clinique Universitaire d'Imagerie Méficale, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), Cotonou, Bénin
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99912
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Li R, Bu Y, Yang C, Wang J. Effects of Lipid Deposition on Viscoelastic Response in Human Hepatic Cell Line HepG2. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684121. [PMID: 34539426 PMCID: PMC8440969 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is associated with various liver diseases. The main pathological feature of steatosis is the excessive lipid accumulation. Ultrasound has been extensively used for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. However, most ultrasound-based non-invasive methods are still not accurate enough for cases with light lipid infiltration. One important reason is that the extent to which lipid infiltration may affect mechanical properties of hepatocytes remains unknown. In this work, we used atomic force microscope and in vitro dose-dependent lipid deposition model to detect the quantitative changes of mechanical properties under different degrees of steatosis in a single-cell level. The results show that hepatic cells with lipid deposition can be treated as linear viscoelastic materials with the power law creep compliance and relaxation modulus. Further analysis showed that even slight accumulation of lipid can lead to measurable decrease of stiffness and increased fluidity in liver cells. The accurate detection of viscoelastic properties of hepatocytes and the analysis methods may provide novel insights into hepatic steatosis grading, especially in the very early stage with reversible liver lesion. The application of viscoelasticity index for grading fat deposition might be a new detection indicator in future clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Bu
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chendong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jizeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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99913
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Zhao YN, Li K, Han XS, Pan YW. The mechanism of non-coding RNAs in medulloblastoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:758. [PMID: 34539862 PMCID: PMC8436364 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system in children. Although surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have resulted in considerable progress in the treatment of this disease, the prognosis of patients with MB remains very poor. Therefore, highly specific molecular targeted treatment, which can improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of MB, has become a research hotspot. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which were initially considered to be transcriptional noise, have been shown to possess regulatory functions. A series of ncRNAs have been identified, including microRNAs and circular RNAs, which affect the expression of specific genes in a variety of tumors. These genes lead to the formation of a specific complex of proteins or they directly participate in protein synthesis in order to regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. The aim of the present review article was to summarize the recent research studies that have explored the ability of ncRNAs to regulate the occurrence and development of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nan Zhao
- The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Kun Li
- The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Sheng Han
- The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Pan
- The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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99914
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Li Y, Yi M, Wang D, Zhang Q, Yang L, Yang C. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Affect Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Targeting miR-30b/GRP78. Inflammation 2021; 43:2264-2275. [PMID: 32794050 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) by regulating apoptosis. Although the role of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) KCNQ1OT1 in CIRI has been reported, the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this paper, the regulation of ERS by LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in CIRI and its mechanism were studied. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model was established in SD rats with KCNQ1OT1 intervention. PC12 cells were used to construct the OGD/R cell model. The expressions of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 and miR-30b were detected by RT-qPCR. TCC staining was used to detect the extent of cerebral ischemia. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis level, and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of ERS and apoptosis-related proteins. The targeted binding of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1, miR-30b, and GRP78 was detected by double luciferase assay. The expressions of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 and miR-30b were interfered by cell transfection. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. The level of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was increased and that of miR-30b was decreased in the blood samples of patients with CIRI. In tMCAO rats with KCNQ1OT1 intervention, the expression of miR-30b was increased, and the ischemic range of brain tissues was decreased. What's more, the level of ERS was decreased, and the apoptosis of brain tissues was decreased. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 could regulate miR-30b/GRP78 in OGD/R cells in a targeted way. Intervention of KCNQ1OT1 could promote the proliferation of OGD/R cells, inhibiting the level of ERS and cell apoptosis. Further inhibition of miR-30b could reverse the effect of intervention of KCNQ1OT1. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 regulates ERS to affect CIRI through targeting miR-30b/GRP78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 AnShan road, HePing District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 AnShan road, HePing District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 AnShan road, HePing District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 AnShan road, HePing District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 AnShan road, HePing District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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99915
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Wang X, Yuan Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Chen M, Zhou Q, Zhou Z. Preoperative Versus Postoperative Transarterial Chemoembolization on Prognosis of Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:6231-6241. [PMID: 34539896 PMCID: PMC8425190 DOI: 10.7150/jca.55806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has proven to be an effective adjuvant therapy with liver resection (LR) to treat patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes in patients with HCC larger than 5 cm, comparing those who had TACE before LR to those who had TACE after LR. Materials and methods: A total of 320 consecutive patients who underwent LR in combination with TACE for HCC larger than 5 cm from January 2009 to December 2014 were enrolled in study. Patients were divided into two groups: preoperative TACE group (n=199) and postoperative TACE group (n=121). Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients were compared between preoperative TACE and postoperative TACE groups by propensity score-matching (PSM). We determined prognostic factors for recurrence and death using multivariate cox regression analysis. Results: Among the 320 patients, the median age was 48 (range, 18 to 75) years, and 285 (89.1%) patients were male. During the follow- up period, 88 (44.2%) patients in the preoperative TACE group and 69 (57.0%) patients in the postoperative TACE group died. Before PSM, both OS and RFS were significantly longer in the preoperative TACE group than those in the postoperative TACE group (P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). After PSM, compared to those received postoperative TACE, patients with preoperative TACE had significantly better OS (Hazard ratio [HR]=1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-3.02; P=0.005) and RFS (HR=1.64; 95% CI, 1.16-2.32; P=0.005). Conclusions: Patients with large HCC undergoing LR appear to derive greater disease control and survival benefit from a single preoperative TACE treatment than from postoperative TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zishan Liu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Minshan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Zhongguo Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
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99916
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Boottanun P, Ino Y, Shimada K, Hiraoka N, Angata K, Narimatsu H. Association between the expression of core 3 synthase and survival outcomes of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:760. [PMID: 34539864 PMCID: PMC8436361 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive and metastatic type of malignant carcinoma that is associated with high mortality rates and is difficult to detect at early stages. Core 3 structure is a mucin-type O-glycans synthesized by β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6 (core 3 synthase), which plays an important role in the digestive system, in particular gastrointestinal goblet cells. It has been reported that core 3 synthase-expressing cells show lower migratory and invasive rates, and lower metastatic activity. A immunohistochemical study also showed that this enzyme was expressed in normal epithelial cells of the colon, but completely disappeared in colorectal cancer cells. The present study aimed to identify biomarkers that could be used to predict the prognosis of patients with CCA. Pathological specimens of 185 CCA tissues were immunohistochemically stained with two antibodies, G8-144 and MECA-79, which recognize core 3 synthase and 6-sulfated N-acetyllactosamine on the extended core-1 O-glycans, respectively. The association between G8-144 or MECA-79 positivity and patient prognosis was statistically analyzed. Positive expression of G8-144 was associated with improved prognosis in patients with distal CCA (dCCA). Patients with dCCA positive for G8-144 showed lower mortality rates than those with negative expression. However, the positive expression of MECA-79 was associated with CCA progression and metastasis, indicating that it is a poor prognostic marker for CCA. In conclusion, as both antibodies resulted in mirror-image staining, the involvement of G8-144 and MECA-79 in O-glycan synthesis could be considered as potential favorable and unfavorable biomarkers, respectively, for CCA prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharaporn Boottanun
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Major in Medical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ino
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Analytical Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Angata
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Major in Medical Sciences, Clinical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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99917
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Liu C, Jin Y, Fan Z. The Mechanism of Warburg Effect-Induced Chemoresistance in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698023. [PMID: 34540667 PMCID: PMC8446599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chemotherapy can improve the overall survival and prognosis of cancer patients, chemoresistance remains an obstacle due to the diversity, heterogeneity, and adaptability to environmental alters in clinic. To determine more possibilities for cancer therapy, recent studies have begun to explore changes in the metabolism, especially glycolysis. The Warburg effect is a hallmark of cancer that refers to the preference of cancer cells to metabolize glucose anaerobically rather than aerobically, even under normoxia, which contributes to chemoresistance. However, the association between glycolysis and chemoresistance and molecular mechanisms of glycolysis-induced chemoresistance remains unclear. This review describes the mechanism of glycolysis-induced chemoresistance from the aspects of glycolysis process, signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment, and their interactions. The understanding of how glycolysis induces chemoresistance may provide new molecular targets and concepts for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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99918
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Nathwani R, Mullish B, Kockerling D, Cole A, Selvapatt N, Dhar A. Review of Rifaximin: A Summary of the Current Evidence and Benefits Beyond Licensed Use. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/21-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in patients with cirrhosis continues to draw significant attention. With a propensity to frequent hospitalisations, patients with cirrhosis are subject to frequent antibiotic prescription. This increases their risk of developing resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents, making management of their condition particularly challenging. Despite advancements being made in the management of liver disease, mortality rates continue to rise: almost 5-fold in those <65 years of age while remaining the leading cause of death in those 35–49 years of age. Alternative therapeutic options to prevent disease progression and cirrhosis-associated complications are urgently required; rifaximin is one such example. The medication use in patients with cirrhosis demonstrates additional benefits beyond current licensed use in the UK, that being for the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy and traveller’s diarrhoea; rifaximin has especially been explored beyond current licensed use in the context of enteric-driven pathologies. Through the therapy’s key central action as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, rifaximin has the ability to modulate the gut–liver axis via removal of gut microbial products associated with the progression of cirrhosis and its sequalae.
The benefits of rifaximin use continues to gather momentum, given its non-absorbable nature and well-tolerated side-effect profile, and these require consideration. With broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, its use may assist in overcoming the conundrum posed of antibiotic resistance amongst patients with cirrhosis. This literature review discusses the chemical and antimicrobial properties of rifaximin, its licenced indication for use, and its reported benefits beyond this, as well as concerns regarding rifaximin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooshi Nathwani
- Liver Unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Benjamin Mullish
- Liver Unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - David Kockerling
- Liver Unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Alexander Cole
- Liver Unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Nowlan Selvapatt
- Liver Unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ameet Dhar
- Liver Unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
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99919
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The Study of Efficiency of the Approach to Prevent the Adhesions in the Abdominal Cavity of Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:416-420. [PMID: 34542744 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adhesions in rat abdominal cavity were studied after laparotomy and subsequent single intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml of 5% aqueous solution of oxidized dextran (OD) with a molecular weight of 40 kDa (oxidation degree 10%). On days 7 and 21 after laparotomy, the number of adhesions in OD-treated rats was lower by 7.5 and 4 times than in animals not receiving OD. The number of neutrophils in adhesions on day 21 was manyfold lower in OD-treated rats. In 7 and 21 days after laparotomy, the number of fibroblasts in the adhesions of rats receiving and not receiving OD was similar, but 2-fold higher than in the peritoneum of non-operated rats. The content of collagen in adhesions on day 21 after laparotomy in OD-treated rats was 10-fold lower than in animals no receiving OD.
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99920
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Jiao W, Bai M, Yin H, Liu J, Sun J, Su X, Zeng H, Wen J. Therapeutic Effects of an Inhibitor of Thioredoxin Reductase on Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Smads Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:690170. [PMID: 34540892 PMCID: PMC8440796 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.690170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an important stage in the progression of liver injury into cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to produce α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagens in liver fibrosis. Butaselen (BS), which was previously synthesized by our group, is an organic selenium compound that exerts antioxidant and tumor cell apoptosis–promoting effects by inhibiting the thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) system. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of BS on liver fibrosis and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action. Liver fibrosis models were established using male BALB/c mice through intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. BS was administered orally once daily at a dose of 36, 90, or 180 mg/kg. Silymarin (Si), which is a drug used for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg per day as a control. The action mechanisms of BS against liver fibrosis progression were examined in HSCs. The study revealed that the activity and expression levels of TrxR were elevated in the mouse liver and serum after CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Oral administration of BS relieved the pathological state of mice with liver fibrosis, showing significant therapeutic effects against liver fibrosis. Moreover, BS not only induced HSC apoptosis but also inhibited the production of α-SMA and collagens by HSCs by downregulating the TGF-β1 expression and blocking the TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The results of the study indicated that BS inhibited liver fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β1/Smads pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwei Yin
- Shanghai Yuanxi Medicine Corp, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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99921
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Omitting nasogastric tube placement after gastrectomy does not enhance postoperative recovery: a propensity score matched analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 407:113-122. [PMID: 34546433 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program has become the main trend in gastrointestinal surgery. This study aims to investigate factors influencing the decision-making of nasogastric tube (NGT) placement and its safety and efficacy after gastrectomy. METHODS We analyzed our prospectively maintained database including 287 patients who underwent elective gastrectomy in our department from January 1 to December 31, 2017. All cases were divided into two groups, namely, the no-NGT group and the NGT group. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors that affected the decision of NGT placement, and propensity score matching (PSM) was later applied to balance those factors for the analysis of safety outcomes between groups. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed resection range (p = 0.004, proximal gastrectomy: OR = 4.555, 95%CI = 1.392-14.905, p = 0.016; total gastrectomy: OR = 1.990, 95%CI = 1.205-3.287, p = 0.009) was the only independent risk factor of NGT placement. NGT was omitted in the majority (58.8%) of distal gastrectomy but only in 42.5% and 25% in total and proximal gastrectomy. After PSM, we found no significant differences between patients with or without NGT in postoperative hospital stay, time to first flatus and defecation, time to fluid and semi-fluid diet, rate of reinsertion, or hospitalization expenditure (p > 0.05, respectively). The incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups were 21.7% and 23.5%, respectively (p = 0.753), and the incidence of major complications was 7.0% and 9.6% (p = 0.472). CONCLUSION The decision-making of NGT placement is mainly influenced by the resection range. Omitting NGT is a safe approach in all types of gastrectomy but was not able to enhance the recovery in our practice.
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99922
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Inflammatory biomarkers to predict postoperative infectious complications after cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 48:455-461. [PMID: 34565632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of postoperative infectious complications (IC) is crucial after Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive role of early postoperative inflammatory biomarkers level for the detection of postoperative IC. METHODS a retrospective study was performed including 199 patients treated with complete CRS/HIPEC for PC from various primary origins from September 2012 to January 2021. Patients were monitored by a routine measurement of inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio). Inflammatory biomarkers were compared between patients with vs without IC. RESULTS IC occurred for 68 patients (34.2%). CRP values were significantly higher in patients with IC on POD 3, 5 and 7 (CRP = 166 mg/L [128-244], 155 mg/L [102-222] and 207 mg/L [135-259], respectively). The CRP on POD7, with a cut-off value of 100 mg/L, was an excellent predictor of postoperative IC (AUC = 90.1%). The CRP on POD 5, with a cut-off value of 90 mg/L, was a good predictor of postoperative IC (AUC = 83.2%). NLR values were significantly higher in patients with IC on POD 3, 5 and 7. NLR on POD 5 and 7 higher than 9.7 and 6.3, respectively, were fair predictors (AUC = 70.8 and 79.6, respectively). CONCLUSION CRP levels between POD3 and 7 are the best predictors of postoperative IC after CRS/HIPEC. The presence of postoperative IC should be suspected in patients with CRP higher than 140 mg/L, 90 mg/L or 100 mg/L on PODs 3, 5 or 7.
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99923
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Huganbuzure Granule Attenuates Concanavalin-A-Induced Immune Liver Injury in Mice via Regulating the Balance of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Cells and Inhibiting Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5578021. [PMID: 34539800 PMCID: PMC8443346 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5578021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Uygur medicine, Huganbuzure granule (HBG) is one of the classical prescriptions for liver protection. However, its role in immune liver injury remains unknown. This study evaluates the effect of HBG on concanavalin-A- (ConA-) induced immune liver injury and investigates its protective underlying mechanism. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 24 mice per group): control, ConA, 1.6 g/kg HBG + ConA, 3.2 g/kg HBG + ConA, and 6 mg/kg prednisolone + ConA. HBG was intragastrically administrated once daily for ten consecutive days, prior to ConA (20 mg/kg) injection. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in mouse serum were measured after ConA injection. Moreover, liver-related mRNA levels were evaluated by qPCR. The detection of liver-related proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Compared with the ConA group, HBG reduced the mRNA expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ and the protein expression of T-bet and ROR-γt. In addition, HBG increased the mRNA expression of IL-4 and TGF-β and protein expression of GATA3 and Foxp3, indicating that HBG regulated the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg. Furthermore, HBG alleviated immune liver injury by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and decreasing the expression of p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, p-JAK1, p-STAT1, p-STAT3, and IRF1. Our data suggested that HBG attenuated ConA-induced immune liver injury by regulating the immune balance and inhibiting JAK1/STATs/IRF1 signaling, thereby reducing apoptosis induced by JNK activation. The findings indicate that HBG may be a promising drug for immune liver injury.
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99924
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Zachou K, Arvaniti P, Lyberopoulou A, Dalekos GN. Impact of genetic and environmental factors on autoimmune hepatitis. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100125. [PMID: 34622188 PMCID: PMC8479787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic non-resolving liver disease characterized by diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia, the presence of autoantibodies and characteristic histological findings. The disease can have catastrophic outcome with the development of end-stage liver disease if misdiagnosed/undiagnosed and left untreated. AIH pathogenesis remains obscure and the main hypothesis supports its development in genetically predisposed individuals after being exposed to certain environmental triggers. Genetic predisposition is linked to the presence of certain HLA alleles, mainly HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4. However, a wide number of non-HLA epitopes have also been associated with the disease although data vary significantly among different ethnic groups. Therefore, it is likely that epigenetic alterations may also play a crucial role in disease's pathogenesis, although not yet extensively studied. The aim of this review was to summarize the genetic and environmental factors that have been associated with AIH, but also to open new insights towards the role of epigenetic modifications in the etiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Zachou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Arvaniti
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Lyberopoulou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - George N Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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99925
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Ge T, Yao X, Zhao H, Yang W, Zou X, Peng F, Li B, Cui R. Gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders: Implications for neuroendocrine-immune regulation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105909. [PMID: 34543739 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, increasing evidence has shown gut microbiota dysbiosis might be implicated in the physiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Altered microbial community composition, diversity and distribution traits have been reported in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the exact pathways by which the intestinal microbiota contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders remain largely unknown. Given that the onset and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized with complicated alterations of neuroendocrine and immunology, both of which can be continually affected by gut microbiota via "microbiome-gut-brain axis". Thus, we assess the complicated crosstalk between neuroendocrine and immunological regulation might underlie the mechanisms of gut microbiota associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarized clinical and preclinical evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in neuropsychiatry disorders, especially in mood disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review may elaborate the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota implicating in neuroendocrine-immune regulation and provide a comprehensive understanding of physiological mechanisms for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Che mical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haisheng Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Che mical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Che mical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Che mical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fanzhen Peng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Che mical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Che mical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Che mical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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99926
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Guo X, He Y, Zhou J, Lv Q, Huang X, Li X. Comparative Effectiveness of Adjuvant Treatment for Resected Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:709278. [PMID: 34540675 PMCID: PMC8445365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.709278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is controversial whether adjuvant treatment could be recommended for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative hepatectomy. Thus, we performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess adjuvant treatment’s benefit and determine the optimal adjuvant regimen. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials comparing adjuvant therapy versus no active treatment after curative hepatectomy among patients with HCC. Pooled data on recurrence and overall survival (OS) were analyzed within pairwise meta-analysis and NMA. Results Twenty-three eligible trials (3,940 patients) reporting eight treatments were included. The direct meta-analysis showed that adjuvant therapy prevented the recurrence (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.77; P = 0.177; I2 = 21.7%) and contributed to OS (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.73; P = 0.087; I2 = 31.1%) in comparison to the observation. In the NMA, internal radiotherapy (IRT; OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.77; SUCRA = 87.7%) followed by hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC; OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.97; SUCRA = 77.8%), and HAIC (HR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.87; SUCRA = 82.6%) followed by IRT (HR 0.54; 95% CI:0.36, 0.81; SUCRA = 69.7%) were ranked superior to other treatments in terms of preventing recurrence and providing survival benefit, respectively. Conclusions The addition of adjuvant therapy lowers the risk of recurrence and provide survival benefit after surgical resection for HCC. HAIC and IRT are likely to be the two most effective adjuvant regimens. Systematic Review Registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2020-11-0039/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinkun Guo
- Deparment of Hepatic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianzhou Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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99927
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Huang L, Feng B, Li Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Chen Q, Li C, Huang W, Xue H, Li X, Zhou T, Li R, Long W, Feng ST. Computed Tomography-Based Radiomics Nomogram: Potential to Predict Local Recurrence of Gastric Cancer After Radical Resection. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638362. [PMID: 34540653 PMCID: PMC8445075 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Accurate prediction of postoperative recurrence risk of gastric cancer (GC) is critical for individualized precision therapy. We aimed to investigate whether a computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics nomogram can be used as a tool for predicting the local recurrence (LR) of GC after radical resection. Materials and Methods 342 patients (194 in the training cohort, 78 in the internal validation cohort, and 70 in the external validation cohort) with pathologically proven GC from two centers were included. Radiomics features were extracted from the preoperative CT imaging. The clinical model, radiomics signature, and radiomics nomogram, which incorporated the radiomics signature and independent clinical risk factors, were developed and verified. Furthermore, the performance of these three models was assessed by using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The radiomics signature, which was comprised of two selected radiomics features, namely, contrast_GLCM and dissimilarity_GLCM, showed better performance than the clinical model in predicting the LR of GC, with AUC values of 0.83 in the training cohort, 0.84 in the internal validation cohort, and 0.73 in the external cohort, respectively. By integrating the independent clinical risk factors (N stage, bile acid duodenogastric reflux and nodular or irregular outer layer of the gastric wall) into the radiomics signature, the radiomics nomogram achieved the highest accuracy in predicting LR, with AUC values of 0.89, 0.89 and 0.80 in the three cohorts, respectively. DCA in the validation cohort showed that radiomics nomogram added more net benefit than the clinical model within the range of 0.01-0.98. Conclusion The CT-based radiomics nomogram has the potential to predict the LR of GC after radical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liebin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Bao Feng
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China.,School of Electronic Information and Automation, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Electronic Information and Automation, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Yehang Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Automation, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Qinxian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Changlin Li
- School of Electronic Information and Automation, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Wensi Huang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Huimin Xue
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Ronggang Li
- Department of Pathology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wansheng Long
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Shi-Ting Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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99928
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Feng Y, Cao X, Zhao B, Song C, Pang B, Hu L, Zhang C, Wang J, He J, Wang S. Nitrate increases cisplatin chemosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma via REDD1/AKT signaling pathway. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1814-1828. [PMID: 34542810 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although cisplatin is one of the chemotherapeutics most frequently used in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment, it exerts multiple side effects and poor chemosensitivity. Nitrate reportedly demonstrates several beneficial biological functions, and synthesized nitrates enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. However, the role of inorganic nitrate in cisplatin chemotherapy remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effect of inorganic nitrate exerted on cisplatin sensitivity in OSCC. We found that nitrate did not affect OSCC cell growth and apoptosis in OSCC cells and OSCC xenograft tumor animal studies. Cisplatin induced REDD1 expression and AKT activation in OSCC. However, nitrate could increase cisplatin chemosensitivity, reduce its REDD1 expression, and attenuate AKT signaling activation in OSCC cells. Dysregulation of high levels of REDD1, which could enhance AKT activation, was positively associated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Thus, reduced REDD1 expression and retarded AKT activation induced by inorganic nitrate might be a new potential approach to the sensitization of oral cancer to cisplatin treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Feng
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuedi Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunyan Song
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Baoxing Pang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junqi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Research Units of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
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99929
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Zouaghi A, Hadded D, Meryam M, Benzarti Y, Cherif M, Zaafouri H, Ben Massoud K, Chamekhi C, Ben Maamer A. Case Report: An unusual case of small bowel volvulus due to appendicitis associated with pneumatosis intestinalis: Review of the literature. F1000Res 2021; 10:951. [PMID: 36483602 PMCID: PMC9706145 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73042.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumatosis cystoid intestinalis is a rare disease reported in the literature affecting 0.03% of the population. It has a variety of causes and its manifestation may change widely. It usually presents as a marginal finding resulting from various gastrointestinal pathologies. In the acute complicated form of pneumatosis intestinalis, management is challenging for physicians and surgeons. We present a case of a 60-year-old patient who was admitted to our surgical department with a symptomatology suggestive of small bowel occlusion. Computed tomography demonstrated ileal volvulus associated with parietal signs suffering and pneumoperitoneum. An emergent exploratory laparoscopy followed by conversion was performed demonstrating segmental ileal pneumatosis intestinalis secondary to a small bowel volvulus due to an inflammatory appendix wrapping around the distal ileum. Further, detorsion, retrograde draining, and appendectomy were performed because there were no signs of necrosis and the appendix was pathological. The postoperative course was uneventful. This case is exceedingly rare in the literature, because it was featured by the ileal volvulus due to appendicitis.This case report emphasizes the importance of surgical procedures in the management of symptomatic pneumatosis intestinalis associated to an acute abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Zouaghi
- Department of General Surgery, Habib thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
| | - Dhafer Hadded
- Department of General Surgery, Habib thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
| | - Mesbahi Meryam
- Department of General Surgery, Habib thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
| | - Yazid Benzarti
- Department of General Surgery, Habib thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
| | - Mona Cherif
- Department of General Surgery, Habib thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Zaafouri
- Department of General Surgery, Habib thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
| | - Khalil Ben Massoud
- Department of Radiology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
| | - Chiraz Chamekhi
- Department of Radiology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Maamer
- Department of General Surgery, Habib thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, 1000, Tunisia
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99930
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Aili Y, Maimaitiming N, Mahemuti Y, Qin H, Wang Y, Wang Z. The Role of Exosomal miRNAs in Glioma: Biological Function and Clinical Application. Front Oncol 2021; 11:686369. [PMID: 34540663 PMCID: PMC8442992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are complex and heterogeneous central nervous system tumors with poor prognosis. Despite the increasing development of aggressive combination therapies, the prognosis of glioma is generally unsatisfactory. Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) has been successfully used in other diseases as a reliable biomarker and even therapeutic target. Recent studies show that exosomal miRNA plays an important role in glioma occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance. However, the association of exosomal miRNA between glioma has not been systemically characterized. This will provide a theoretical basis for us to further explore the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and glioma and also has a positive clinical significance in the innovative diagnosis and treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirizhati Aili
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Yusufu Mahemuti
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hu Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zengliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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99931
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Pathak S, Sonbol MB. Second-Line Treatment Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Landscape and Future Direction. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2021; 8:1147-1158. [PMID: 34584898 PMCID: PMC8464222 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s268314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and its incidence is rising. The last few years have witnessed a proliferation of available systemic therapeutic options, with the approval of multiple agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, such as cabozantinib, regorafenib, and ramucirumab. Most recently, the combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has resulted in the longest overall survival yet known in hepatocellular carcinoma, therefore changing the preferred first-line treatment from the previous options of sorafenib and lenvatinib. The aim of this review is to summarize the available clinical data for the current second-line systemic treatment options and the future perspectives in the treatment landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Pathak
- Hematology-Oncology, King’s Daughters Medical Center, Ashland, KY, USA
| | - Mohamad Bassam Sonbol
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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99932
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Wang JK, Yao SK. Roles of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Pathogenesis of Functional Constipation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5560310. [PMID: 34603471 PMCID: PMC8481049 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5560310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Functional constipation (FC), a condition characterized by heterogeneous symptoms (infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, excessive straining, or a sense of incomplete evacuation), is prevalent over the world. It is a multifactorial disorder and can be categorized into four subgroups according to different pathological mechanisms: normal transit constipation (NTC), slow transit constipation (STC), defecatory disorders (DD), and mixed type. Recently, growing evidence from human and animals has pointed that there was a strong association between gut microbiota and FC based on the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Studies have reported that the main characteristics of gut microbiota in FC patients were the relative decrease of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, the relative increase of potential pathogens, and the reduced species richness. Gut microbiota can modulate gut functions through the metabolites of bacterial fermentation, among which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile salts (BAs), and methane occupied more important positions and could trigger the release of gut hormones from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Subsequently, these gut hormones can influence gut sensation, secretion, and motility, primarily through activating specific receptors distributed on smooth muscle cells, enteric neurons, and epithelial cells. However, research findings were inconsistent and even conflicting, which may be partially due to various confounding factors. Future studies should take the associated confounders into consideration and adopt multiomics research strategies to obtain more complete conclusions and to provide reliable theoretical support for exploring new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ke Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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99933
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Ahmad NZ, Abbas MH, Abunada MH, Parvaiz A. A Meta-analysis of Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery versus Total Mesorectal Excision in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer. Surg J (N Y) 2021; 7:e241-e250. [PMID: 34541316 PMCID: PMC8440057 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEMS) has been suggested as an alternative to total mesorectal excision (TME) in the treatment of early rectal cancers. The extended role of TEMS for higher stage rectal cancers after neoadjuvant therapy is also experimented. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the oncological outcomes and report on the evidence-based clinical supremacy of either technique.
Methods
Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for the randomized controlled trials comparing the oncological and perioperative outcomes of TEMS and a radical TME. A local recurrence and postoperative complications were analyzed as primary end points. Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and duration of hospital stay were compared as secondary end points.
Results
There was no statistical difference in the local recurrence or postoperative complications with a risk ratio of 1.898 and 0.753 and
p
-values of 0.296 and 0.306, respectively, for TEMS and TME. A marked statistical significance in favor of TEMS was observed for secondary end points. There was standard difference in means of −4.697, −6.940, and −5.685 with
p
-values of 0.001, 0.005, and 0.001 for blood loss, operation time, and hospital stay, respectively.
Conclusion
TEMS procedure is a viable alternative to TME in the treatment of early rectal cancers. An extended role of TEMS after neoadjuvant therapy may also be offered to a selected group of patients. TME surgery remains the standard of care in more advanced rectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Zaheer Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - Muhammad Hasan Abbas
- Department of Surgery, Russells Hall Hospital, NHS Trust, West Midlands, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amjad Parvaiz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Poole NHS Trust, Poole, United Kingdom
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99934
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Savio MC, Baldin RKS, Nóbrega NL, Nicollelli GM, Brenner AS, Rocha PBD, Rossoni MD, Sartor MC, Baldin A. Prevalence of Anal Intraepithelial Lesions in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a premalignant lesion of the anal canal associated with HPV, with a higher prevalence in immunosuppressed individuals. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at potential risk for their development, due to the use of immunosuppressants and certain characteristics of the disease.
Method This is a prospective, cross-sectional, and interventional study that included 53 patients with IBD treated at a tertiary outpatient clinic, who underwent anal smear for cytology in order to assess the prevalence of AIN and associated risk factors.
Results Forty-eight samples were negative for dysplasia and 2 were positive (4%). Both positive samples occurred in women, with Crohn's disease (CD), who were immunosuppressed and had a history of receptive anal intercourse.
Discussion The prevalence of anal dysplasia in IBD patients in this study is similar to that described in low-risk populations. Literature data are scarce and conflicting and there is no evidence to recommend screening with routine anal cytology in patients with IBD. Female gender, history of receptive anal intercourse, immunosuppression and CD seem to be risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Christina Savio
- Coloproctology Service, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Norton Luiz Nóbrega
- Coloproctology Service, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Sérgio Brenner
- Coloproctology Service, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Borges da Rocha
- Coloproctology Service, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marssoni Deconto Rossoni
- Coloproctology Service, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Sartor
- Coloproctology Service, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Antonio Baldin
- Coloproctology Service, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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99935
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Chen L, Almudaires A, Alzahrani M, Qumosani K, Chakrabarti S. IgG4-related disease as a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction: a case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:349. [PMID: 34544364 PMCID: PMC8454001 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IgG4-related disease involvement of the digestive tract is very rare. In few reported cases of isolated gastric/duodenal IgG4-related disease, none of which resulted in luminal obstruction. Case presentation A 59 years old female presented with longstanding gastrointestinal symptoms. CT showed mural thickening of the proximal duodenum. Gastroscopy showed antral ulcer extending into the duodenum with outlet obstruction and biopsy showed acute on chronic duodenitis. Whipple’s procedure was performed and IgG4-related disease was diagnosed on final pathology. Symptoms were revolved on mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone with no recurrence. Conclusions Our case is the only reported case with gastric outlet obstruction secondary to gastroduodenal IgG4-related disease. The diagnosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained duodenal stricture, gastric outlet obstruction or gastrointestinal ulceration. IgG4-related disease usually responds to steroids but long-term response rates to steroid-sparing agents, especially in the subset of patients with luminal IgG4-related disease remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Abdulaziz Almudaires
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - May Alzahrani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Karim Qumosani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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99936
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Sun H, Liu Y, Xu J, Huang H, Fu J, Zhang D, Tian T, Zhao Y, Wang G. Inhibitory immune checkpoints PDCD-1 and LAG-3 hypermethylation may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Mol Med 2021; 27:114. [PMID: 34544358 PMCID: PMC8454079 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in DNA methylation of immunosuppressive checkpoints may impact express and consequently affect antigen processing and presentation by tumor cells and facilitates evasion of immunosurveillance and lead to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study is to investigate the effect of PDCD-1, LAG-3 methylation statuses in peripheral blood leukocytes on CRC risk. Methods GSE51032 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus comprised of 166 CRC patients and 424 normal samples was used to identify significantly differentially methylated CpG sites of the two genes. A case–control study with 390 CRC patients and 397 cancer-free controls was carried out to validate the relationship between the methylation levels of the two genes and CRC susceptibility and then estimated their interactions with environmental factors on CRC risk. Results In the GSE51032 dataset, cg06291111 (PDCD-1) and cg10191002 (LAG-3) were screened as the candidate CpG sites for the following study. There were significant associations between hypermethylation of PDCD-1 and LAG-3 and lower risk of CRC (ORadj = 0.322, 95% CI 0.197–0.528; ORadj = 0.666, 95% CI 0.446–0.5996, respectively). Moreover, the results in case–control study showed similar trend, that hypermethylation of PDCD-1 and LAG-3 were associated with lower CRC risk (ORadj = 0.448, 95% CI 0.322–0.622; ORadj = 0.417, 95% CI 0.301–0.578, respectively). A synergistic interaction between LAG-3 hypermethylation and intake of eggs on CRC risk was observed. There were combination effects between hypermethylation of PDCD-1 and LAG-3 and environmental factors on CRC risk. Conclusions PDCD-1 and LAG-3 may potentially serve as blood-based predictive biomarkers for CRC risk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00373-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongru Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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99937
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Malignant perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm in the liver: report of a pediatric case. Surg Case Rep 2021; 7:212. [PMID: 34542724 PMCID: PMC8452810 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-021-01300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) in a child is very rare. We herein report the first malignant case of PEComa developing in the liver of a pediatric patient.
Case presentation A 10-year-old boy visited a private clinic with prolonged fever of unknown etiology. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate the fever’s origin, revealing a large tumor in the liver. He was thus referred to a nearby hospital to investigate the tumor further. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a 6.8 × 5.9 × 10.5-cm solid lesion on S4 and S5. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tumor had a low signal intensity on T1 imaging and high signal intensity on T2 imaging, with partial diffusion restriction. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed a marked uptake in the mass lesion with no evidence of metastasis. The patient was negative for all tumor markers, including AFP, CEA and PIVKA-II. The results of a needle biopsy suggested hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor’s rapid growth suggested malignancy. Hepatic segmentectomy (S4 + S5 + S8) was performed. The tumor was resected en bloc with a margin. Microscopically, the tumor showed atypical spindle, polygonal or oval-shaped cells with a high nuclear grade, and vascular invasion. Immunohistochemistry was positive for alpha-smooth muscle antigen (α-SMA), human melanin black-45 (HMB-45) and melan A. The pathological diagnosis was malignant PEComa. In the 6 months after surgery, the patient complained of shoulder pain. MRI showed a dumbbell-shaped tumor at the 2nd thoracic vertebrae, which was confirmed to be bone metastasis of PEComa. After chemotherapy, including ifosfamide and doxorubicin, vertebrectomy was performed. Two years later, thoracoabdominal CT showed a 10-cm solid mass occupying the pelvis and a 15-mm nodule in the middle lobe of the right lung. Under a diagnosis of peritoneal and lung metastases, they were surgically removed and metastasis of PEComa was pathologically confirmed. Four months after the 2nd relapse, pelvic metastasis appeared again and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor was initiated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of malignant hepatic PEComa in a pediatric patient. Conclusion Although extremely rare, malignant hepatic PEComa can develop in a child.
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99938
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Sharma V, Paramasivam G, Vergaelen M, Hoogenboom R, Sundaramurthy A. Tannic Acid-Stabilized Self-Degrading Temperature-Sensitive Poly(2- n-propyl-2-oxazoline)/Gellan Gum Capsules for Lipase Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7134-7146. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Sharma
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Paramasivam
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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99939
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Trends in the Incidence and Survival Rates of Colorectal Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma in the South Korean Population: Analysis of the Korea Central Cancer Registry Database. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184258. [PMID: 34575368 PMCID: PMC8468145 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare histopathological subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) constituting approximately 1% of CRC cases. This study analyzed the incidence and survival rates of colorectal SRCC. Methods: We analyzed the incidence and survival rates of colorectal SRCCs based on patients’ data of the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Results: The age-standardized incidence rates of colon and rectum SRCC in 2017 were 0.17 and 0.07 individuals per 100,000, respectively. Between 1993 and 2017, the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year relative survival rates of patients with colon SRCC were 65.6%, 49.0%, 38.9%, 34.9%, and 33.0%, respectively, while those of patients with rectum SRCC were 69.6%, 47.8%, 38.5%, 32.8%, and 29.4%, respectively. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results summary stages, the 5-year relative survival rates of colon SRCC between 1993 and 2017 were 70.4% for the localized stage, 41.0% for the regional stage, and 7.0% for the distant stage, while those for rectum SRCC were 60.7%, 34.4, and 3.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Although the incidence of colorectal SRCC is extremely low in South Korea, it has been increasing in recent decades. As the prognosis of colorectal SRCC is extremely poor; clinicians should be aware of the differential diagnosis of SRCC in colorectal cancer cases.
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99940
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Zhou S, Liu M, Xia Y, Zhang L, Shao L, Wang N, Yu W, Ding N, Zhang K, Liang X. Association of the 3' untranslated region polymorphisms of HLA-G with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the Chinese population. Hum Immunol 2021; 83:47-52. [PMID: 34556350 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem. Several previous studies have addressed the role of host single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HCV infection. SNPs in the regulatory region of the human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) gene play an important role in several diseases. The objective of this study is to determine the association of HLA-G 3'untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms with the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C infection in the Chinese population. HLA-G 3' UTR polymorphisms, which include 14-bp Ins/Del (rs371194629), +3003T/C (rs1707), +3010C/G (rs1710), +3027 A/C (rs17179101), +3035C/T (rs17179108), +3142 G/C (rs1063320), +3187 A/G (rs9380142) and + 3196C/G (rs1610696), were analyzed in 246 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and 294 healthy individuals. The alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes were compared between chronic hepatitis C-infected subjects and controls using chi-square tests and logistic regression models. After a correction of multiple comparisons by the false discovery rate (FDR), the allele frequency of + 3196C, genotype frequencies of + 3187 AA and + 3196CC and frequency of the UTR-3 haplotype were significantly higher in the patients than in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas the frequencies of UTR-1 and UTR-2 haplotypes were significantly lower in the patients than in the control group (P < 0.05). After a correction of multiple comparisons by FDR, UTR-2 and UTR-3 maintained significant associations with chronic hepatitis C. This study indicates that HLA-G 3'UTR polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C infection in the Chinese population. HLA-G 3'UTR may play an important role in risk modulation toward HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihang Zhou
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuexin Xia
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Linnan Shao
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Weijian Yu
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Dalian Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Blood Group, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, China.
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99941
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Seabrook N, Kedar A, Bills G, Sarker S, Rock WA, Pinkston C, Kedar A, Abell T. Inflammatory Markers and Mortality in Diabetic Versus Idiopathic Gastroparesis. Am J Med Sci 2021; 363:218-223. [PMID: 34555370 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Markers of systemic inflammation have been shown to be elevated in patients with gastroparesis (Gp). We hypothesized the presence of elevated markers of inflammation and/or coagulation can predict death in gastroparesis. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of 396 patients with symptoms of gastroparesis with baseline measures of inflammation and coagulation, using a database of patients from 2001 through 2011 followed for an additional 5 plus years. Patients were divided into two groups; diabetic (DM; n=137) and non-diabetic (non-DM; n=259). Inflammation, evaluated by C-reactive protein (CRP), and coagulation by fibrinogen by factor VIII assays, was compared to patient mortality, reported as death during the follow-up period. RESULTS Six DM and 13 non-DM patients died during the study period. DM patients had higher fibrinogen, CRP, and factor VIII levels of 454.0±135.2, 4.0±6.3, and 168±63.5, versus non-DM whose levels were 410.4±127.9, 2.6±4.9, 140.4±127.9, p=0.03, 0.001, and <0.001 respectively. Hypercoagulability risk differed by DM status (37% Vs. 29%, p=0.08). Compared to living non-DM, deceased non-DM/idiopathic patients had lower factor VIII (142.3±51.2 vs 117.7±40.3, p=0.07). The majority of deceased non-DM patients had abnormal fibrinogen (62%) but CRP and factor VIII were normal (80% and 85% respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this sample of 396 patients with symptoms of gastroparesis, systemic inflammation and coagulopathy appear related to diabetes mellitus. Patients who died had markers of inflammation and coagulation that differed from those still alive. Further analysis may suggest a link between inflammation, hypercoagulability, and the mechanism for mortality in gastroparesis or as a marker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Seabrook
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Ashwini Kedar
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gregory Bills
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Shabnam Sarker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - William A Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Christina Pinkston
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Archana Kedar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Thomas Abell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, KY.
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99942
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Bianco C, Tavaglione F, Romeo S, Valenti L. Genetic risk scores and personalization of care in fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:6-11. [PMID: 34537584 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and metabolic comorbidities concur to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Improvement in risk stratification and development of effective therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are key unmet clinical needs. Knowledge emerging from genomics could meet this need. A polygenic risk score (PRS) is calculated by summing the number of trait-associated alleles carried by an individual, which can be weighted by their effect size on the trait and captures the individual's genetic risk to develop a disease. In this review, we focalize on the potential use of PRSs for disease detection at an early stage and stratification of the risk of progression to severe forms. PRSs may represent robust instruments to implement targeted prevention programs, hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in at-risk individuals, and to develop precision medicine therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Bianco
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Tavaglione
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine - Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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99943
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Li S, Luo Z, Meng S, Qiu X, Zheng F, Dai W, Zhang X, Sui W, Yan Q, Tang D, Dai Y. Label-free quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of renal biopsy tissues in membranous nephropathy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 16:e2000069. [PMID: 34543527 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. However, the underlying mechanisms of its occurrence and development are not completely clear. Thus, it is essential to explore the mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we employed label-free quantification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis techniques to investigate the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations in renal biopsy tissues of MN patients. Samples were collected from 16 MN patients and 10 controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to validate the hub phosphoprotein. RESULTS We focused on the changes in the phosphoproteome in MN group versus control group (CG). Totally, 1704 phosphoproteins containing 3241 phosphosites were identified and quantified. The phosphorylation levels of 216 phosphoproteins containing 297 phosphosites were differentially regulated in stage II MN group versus CG, and 333 phosphoproteins containing 461 phosphosites were differentially phosphorylated in stage III MN group versus CG. In each comparison, several differential phosphoproteins were factors, kinases and receptors involved in cellular processes, biological regulation and other biological processes. The subcellular location of most of the differential phosphoproteins was the nucleus. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that the connections among the differential phosphoproteins were extremely complex, and several signalling pathways probably associated with MN were identified. The hub phosphoprotein was validated by IHC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This investigation can provide direct insight into the global phosphorylation events in MN group versus CG and may help to shed light on the potential pathogenic mechanisms of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifeng Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Nephrology, The No. 924 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofen Qiu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Nephrology, The No. 924 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Nephrology, The No. 924 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Nephrology, The No. 924 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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99944
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Howell LM, Forbes NS. Bacteria-based immune therapies for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1163-1178. [PMID: 34547442 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Engineered bacterial therapies that target the tumor immune landscape offer a new class of cancer immunotherapy. Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes are two species of bacteria that have been engineered to specifically target tumors and serve as delivery vessels for immunotherapies. Therapeutic bacteria have been engineered to deliver cytokines, gene silencing shRNA, and tumor associated antigens that increase immune activation. Bacterial therapies stimulate both the innate and adaptive immune system, change the immune dynamics of the tumor microenvironment, and offer unique strategies for targeting tumors. Bacteria have innate adjuvant properties, which enable both the delivered molecules and the bacteria themselves to stimulate immune responses. Bacterial immunotherapies that deliver cytokines and tumor-associated antigens have demonstrated clinical efficacy. Harnessing the diverse set of mechanisms that Salmonella and Listeria use to alter the tumor-immune landscape has the potential to generate many new and effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars M Howell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Neil S Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States.
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99945
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Chen L, Speers CH, Cheung WY, Spinelli JJ, Kennecke HF. Impact of new cancer therapies on outpatient treatment delivery for colorectal cancer: A population-based study. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 37:258-270. [PMID: 34545610 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of new systemic therapies approved in Canada for colorectal cancer on the frequency, intensity and duration of oncology clinic and infusion visits over five treatment phases from diagnosis (P1, P3) to treatment (P2, P4) of primary and metastatic disease, respectively, and during the last 6 months of life (P5). In total, 15,157 adult patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer and referred between 2000 and 2012 to any cancer clinic in British Columbia, Canada, were included. Frequency, intensity and duration of medical oncology clinic visits (CVs), oncology infusions (OIs) and oncology prescriptions (OPs) were measured by treatment phase. Mean, total and adjusted total duration for CVs increased for P1-5. CVs increased in P1-5, and in P1-4 when adjusted by treatment length. Adjusted and unadjusted OIs decreased in P1 coinciding with the introduction of an oral treatment option, but increased in P2-5. Mean OI duration increased in P1-5, while total and adjusted total decreased in P1 and increased in P2-5. OPs increased in P2-4, but were unchanged in P1 and P5. Multi-fold increases in resources and time required per patient were also observed, which have significant implications for demand projections in cancer care planning and delivery. In conclusion, patients required more visits in almost all treatment phases, visits on average took longer and patients were in treatment for longer periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Chen
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caroline H Speers
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Outcomes Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Winson Y Cheung
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hagen F Kennecke
- Providence Cancer Institute Franz Clinic, Portland Providence Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
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99946
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Sienkiewicz M, Szymańska P, Maciejewska O, Niewiadomska J, Wiśniewska‐Jarosińska M, Fichna J. Assessment of dietary habits in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A cross‐sectional study from Poland. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Sienkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Patrycja Szymańska
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders Faculty of Health Sciences Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Oliwia Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Justyna Niewiadomska
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | | | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
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99947
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Veisman I, Barzilay O, Bruckmayer L, Haj-Natour O, Kopylov U, Eliakim R, Ben-Horin S, Ungar B. Association of Infliximab and Vedolizumab Trough Levels with Reported Rates of Adverse Events: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184265. [PMID: 34575376 PMCID: PMC8471987 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infliximab and vedolizumab are effective treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although associated with adverse events (AE). While low or non-existent drug levels and positive antidrug antibodies have been associated with therapeutic failure, there is no clear association between higher drug levels and AE. A cross-sectional study consisting of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients receiving infliximab or vedolizumab at the Sheba Medical Center was performed. Patients completed a questionnaire regarding AEs related to biological therapy. Serum trough levels obtained on the same day were analyzed. Objective measures of outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Questionnaires were completed by infliximab (n = 169) and vedolizumab (n = 88)-treated therapy patients. Higher infliximab levels were only numerically associated with the occurrence of at least one AE (p = 0.08). When excluding fatigue and abdominal pain, higher infliximab levels were statistically associated with the occurrence of at least one AE (p = 0.03). Vedolizumab drug levels > 18 μg/mL were also linked with the occurrence of more AEs. No specific association was observed between the increased levels of either infliximab or vedolizumab and specific AEs (neurological symptoms, upper GI symptoms, infectious complications, and musculoskeletal symptoms). As significant AEs are very rare, additional multi-center studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Veisman
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Department of Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan 52620, Israel; (I.V.); (O.B.); (L.B.); (O.H.-N.); (U.K.); (R.E.); (S.B.-H.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 67011, Israel
| | - Oranit Barzilay
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Department of Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan 52620, Israel; (I.V.); (O.B.); (L.B.); (O.H.-N.); (U.K.); (R.E.); (S.B.-H.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 67011, Israel
| | - Liora Bruckmayer
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Department of Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan 52620, Israel; (I.V.); (O.B.); (L.B.); (O.H.-N.); (U.K.); (R.E.); (S.B.-H.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 67011, Israel
| | - Ola Haj-Natour
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Department of Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan 52620, Israel; (I.V.); (O.B.); (L.B.); (O.H.-N.); (U.K.); (R.E.); (S.B.-H.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 67011, Israel
| | - Uri Kopylov
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Department of Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan 52620, Israel; (I.V.); (O.B.); (L.B.); (O.H.-N.); (U.K.); (R.E.); (S.B.-H.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 67011, Israel
| | - Rami Eliakim
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Department of Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan 52620, Israel; (I.V.); (O.B.); (L.B.); (O.H.-N.); (U.K.); (R.E.); (S.B.-H.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 67011, Israel
| | - Shomron Ben-Horin
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Department of Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan 52620, Israel; (I.V.); (O.B.); (L.B.); (O.H.-N.); (U.K.); (R.E.); (S.B.-H.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 67011, Israel
| | - Bella Ungar
- Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Department of Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan 52620, Israel; (I.V.); (O.B.); (L.B.); (O.H.-N.); (U.K.); (R.E.); (S.B.-H.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 67011, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-522-605-425
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99948
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Bednarsch J, Czigany Z, Heij LR, Luedde T, Loosen SH, Dulk MD, Bruners P, Lang SA, Ulmer TF, Neumann UP. The prognostic role of in-hospital transfusion of fresh frozen plasma in patients with cholangiocarcinoma undergoing curative-intent liver surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 48:604-614. [PMID: 34565633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major hepatectomy for perihilar and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is often associated with a significant intraoperative blood loss and the requirement for perioperative transfusion of blood products. The aim of this study was to investigate the oncological impact of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion during hospitalization in patients undergoing hepatectomy for CCA as adverse effects have been described in other malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients undergoing hepatectomy for CCA from 2010 to 2019 at a single institution were eligible for this study. Survival analysis was carried out according to Kaplan-Meier and the associations of cancer-specific (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) with in-hospital application of FFP and other clinico-pathological characteristics were assessed using Cox regression models. Perioperatively deceased patients were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS A total of 219 CCA patients were included in this survival analysis of which 53.0% (116/219) received FFP during hospitalization. Patients receiving in-hospital FFP showed a median CCS of 33 months (3-year-CSS = 46%, 5-year-CSS = 29%) compared to 83 months (3-year-CSS = 55%, 5-year-CSS = 53%) in patients who did not receive in-hospital FFP (p = 0.006 log rank). Further, in-hospital FFP was identified as an independent predictor of oncological outcome in multivariable analysis (CSS: HR = 1.71, p = 0.016; RFS: HR = 1.89, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION In a large European cohort of patients, in-hospital transfusion of FFP was identified as a novel independent prognostic marker in CCA patients undergoing curative-intent liver surgery. A restrictive transfusion policy is therefore recommended to improve long-term outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara R Heij
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven H Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel den Dulk
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Philipp Bruners
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven A Lang
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom F Ulmer
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands.
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99949
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Long-Term Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Eradication on Liver Stiffness in Egyptian Patients. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:4961919. [PMID: 34589447 PMCID: PMC8476245 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4961919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS Liver stiffness measurements (LSM) have been serially assessed 1, 3, and 5 years after HCV clearance in 655 patients who have been treated with DAAs. RESULTS The mean age was 51.44 ± 10 years. 73% of patients were males. 48% were cirrhotics. In noncirrhotics, the mean LSM was significantly decreased from 8.29 ± 2.3 kPa to 4.03 ± 1.0 kPa (p < 0.0001) at the end of the follow-up. Likewise, LSM decreased in cirrhotics from 29.66 ± 14.25 kPa to 22.50 ± 11.16 kPa (p < 0.0001). The proportions of F1, F2, F3, and F4 patients at the baseline were 17.7%, 17.9%, 16.6%, and 47.8%, which became 56.5%, 4.1%, 4.9%, and 34.5%, respectively, with a substantial reversal of cirrhosis in 87 patients (27.7%) at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS There was an overall significant regression of liver stiffness in all patients after sustained HCV eradication. Liver stiffness reflecting mild fibrosis (F0-F2) usually improves shortly after treatment, while measurements reflecting advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) take a longer time to regress to lower fibrosis stages.
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99950
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Salillas S, Galano-Frutos JJ, Mahía A, Maity R, Conde-Giménez M, Anoz-Carbonell E, Berlamont H, Velazquez-Campoy A, Touati E, Mamat U, Schaible UE, Gálvez JA, Díaz-de-Villegas MD, Haesebrouck F, Aínsa JA, Sancho J. Selective Targeting of Human and Animal Pathogens of the Helicobacter Genus by Flavodoxin Inhibitors: Efficacy, Synergy, Resistance and Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810137. [PMID: 34576300 PMCID: PMC8467567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria constitute a global health concern. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects about half of the human population and is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Increasing resistance to triple and quadruple H. pylori eradication therapies poses great challenges and urges the development of novel, ideally narrow spectrum, antimicrobials targeting H. pylori. Here, we describe the antimicrobial spectrum of a family of nitrobenzoxadiazol-based antimicrobials initially discovered as inhibitors of flavodoxin: an essential H. pylori protein. Two groups of inhibitors are described. One group is formed by narrow-spectrum compounds, highly specific for H. pylori, but ineffective against enterohepatic Helicobacter species and other Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. The second group includes extended-spectrum antimicrobials additionally targeting Gram-positive bacteria, the Gram-negative Campylobacter jejuni, and most Helicobacter species, but not affecting other Gram-negative pathogens. To identify the binding site of the inhibitors in the flavodoxin structure, several H. pylori-flavodoxin variants have been engineered and tested using isothermal titration calorimetry. An initial study of the inhibitors capacity to generate resistances and of their synergism with antimicrobials commonly used in H. pylori eradication therapies is described. The narrow-spectrum inhibitors, which are expected to affect the microbiota less dramatically than current antimicrobial drugs, offer an opportunity to develop new and specific H. pylori eradication combinations to deal with AMR in H. pylori. On the other hand, the extended-spectrum inhibitors constitute a new family of promising antimicrobials, with a potential use against AMR Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Salillas
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.S.); (J.J.G.-F.); (A.M.); (R.M.); (M.C.-G.); (E.A.-C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Galano-Frutos
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.S.); (J.J.G.-F.); (A.M.); (R.M.); (M.C.-G.); (E.A.-C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Mahía
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.S.); (J.J.G.-F.); (A.M.); (R.M.); (M.C.-G.); (E.A.-C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ritwik Maity
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.S.); (J.J.G.-F.); (A.M.); (R.M.); (M.C.-G.); (E.A.-C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Conde-Giménez
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.S.); (J.J.G.-F.); (A.M.); (R.M.); (M.C.-G.); (E.A.-C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ernesto Anoz-Carbonell
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.S.); (J.J.G.-F.); (A.M.); (R.M.); (M.C.-G.); (E.A.-C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Helena Berlamont
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (F.H.)
| | - Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.S.); (J.J.G.-F.); (A.M.); (R.M.); (M.C.-G.); (E.A.-C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- ARAID Foundation, Government of Aragon, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, CNRS UMR2001, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France;
| | - Uwe Mamat
- Cellular Microbiology, Program Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany; (U.M.); (U.E.S.)
| | - Ulrich E. Schaible
- Cellular Microbiology, Program Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany; (U.M.); (U.E.S.)
| | - José A. Gálvez
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC—Departamento de Química Orgánica, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.A.G.); (M.D.D.-d.-V.)
| | - María D. Díaz-de-Villegas
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC—Departamento de Química Orgánica, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.A.G.); (M.D.D.-d.-V.)
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (H.B.); (F.H.)
| | - José A. Aínsa
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.S.); (J.J.G.-F.); (A.M.); (R.M.); (M.C.-G.); (E.A.-C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.A.A.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Pediatría, Radiología y Salud Pública, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias—CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sancho
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.S.); (J.J.G.-F.); (A.M.); (R.M.); (M.C.-G.); (E.A.-C.); (A.V.-C.); (J.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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