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Oravetz K, Todea AV, Balacescu O, Cruceriu D, Rakosy-Tican E. Potential antitumor activity of garlic against colorectal cancer: focus on the molecular mechanisms of action. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2347-2363. [PMID: 37140645 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this review is to highlight the potential of garlic phytoconstituents as antitumor agents in colorectal cancer management based on their molecular mechanisms of action, while asking if their consumption, as part of the human diet, might contribute to the prevention of colorectal cancer. METHODS To gather information on appropriate in vitro, in vivo and human observational studies on this topic, the keywords "Allium sativum", "garlic", "colorectal cancer", "antitumor effect", "in vitro", "in vivo", "garlic consumption" and "colorectal cancer risk" were searched in different combinations in the international databases ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google Scholar. After duplicate and reviews removal, 61 research articles and meta-analyses published between 2000 and 2022 in peer-reviewed journals were found and included in this review. RESULTS Garlic (Allium sativum) proves to be a rich source of compounds with antitumor potential. Garlic-derived extracts and several of its individual constituents, especially organosulfur compounds such as allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl tetrasulfide, allylmethylsulfide, S-allylmercaptocysteine, Z-ajoene, thiacremonone and Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine were found to possess cytotoxic, cytostatic, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities in different in vitro and in vivo models of colorectal cancer. The molecular mechanisms for their antitumor effects are associated with the modulation of several well-known signaling pathways involved in cell cycle progression, especially G1-S and G2-M transitions, as well as both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. However, even though in various animal models some of these compounds have chemopreventive effects, based on different human observational studies, a diet rich in garlic is not consistently associated with a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION Independent of the impact of garlic consumption on colorectal cancer initiation and promotion in humans, its constituents might be good candidates for future conventional and/or complementary therapies, based on their diverse mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Oravetz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adelina-Violeta Todea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Cruceriu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Elena Rakosy-Tican
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Siddiqui L, Hasan N, Mishra PK, Gupta N, Singh AT, Madaan A, Jaggi M, Saad S, Ekielski A, Iqbal Z, Kesharwani P, Talegaonkar S. CD44 mediated colon cancer targeting mutlifaceted lignin nanoparticles: Synthesis, in vitro characterization and in vivo efficacy studies. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123270. [PMID: 37499773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) coated irinotecan loaded lignin nanoparticles (HDLNPs) were synthesized using ionic interaction method. Optimized nanoparticles were characterized for their active chemotherapeutic targeting potential to CD44 receptors overly-expressed on cancer cells. Blood component interaction studies supported hemocompatible nature of HDLNPs and also demonstrated their sustained plasma residence property. Cell anti-proliferation and mitochondrial depolarization studies on HT-29 cells suggest significantly (p < 0.01) improved chemotherapeutic efficacy of HDLNPs. In vitro cell based studies showed that nanoparticles have retained antioxidant activity of lignin that can prevent cancer relapse. In vivo biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing Balb/c mice confirmed improved drug localization in tumor site for longer duration. Tumor regression and histopathological studies indicated the efficacy ofligand-assisted targeting chemotherapy over the conventional therapy. Hematological and biochemical estimation suggested that irinotecan-associated myelosuppression, liver steatosis and rare kidney failure can be avoided by its encapsulation in HA-coated lignin nanoparticles. HDLNPs were found to be stable over a period of 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan K Mishra
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Neha Gupta
- Cell Biology Lab, Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Anu T Singh
- Cell Biology Lab, Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Alka Madaan
- Cell Biology Lab, Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Cell Biology Lab, Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Suma Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Adam Ekielski
- Department of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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53
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Okuno K, Pratama MY, Li J, Tokunaga M, Wang X, Kinugasa Y, Goel A. Ginseng mediates its anticancer activity by inhibiting the expression of DNMTs and reactivating methylation-silenced genes in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:394-403. [PMID: 37137336 PMCID: PMC10414140 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing safe and effective therapeutic modalities remains a critical challenge for improving the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In this regard, targeting epigenetic regulation in cancers has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. Since several natural compounds have recently been shown to be important epigenetic modulators, we hypothesized that Ginseng might exert its anticancer activity by regulating DNA methylation alterations in CRC. In this study, a series of cell culture studies were conducted, followed by their interrogation in patient-derived 3D organoid models to evaluate Ginseng's anticancer activity in CRC. Genome-wide methylation alterations were interrogated by undertaking MethylationEpic BeadChip microarrays. First, 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined by cell viability assays, and subsequent Ginseng treatment demonstrated a significant anticancer effect on clonogenicity and cellular migration in CRC cells. Treatment with Ginseng potentiated cellular apoptosis through regulation of apoptosis-related genes in CRC cells. Furthermore, Ginseng treatment downregulated the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and decreased the global DNA methylation levels in CRC cells. The genome-wide methylation profiling identified Ginseng-induced hypomethylation of transcriptionally silenced tumor suppressor genes. Finally, cell culture-based findings were successfully validated in patient-derived 3D organoids. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Ginseng exerts its antitumorigenic potential by regulating cellular apoptosis via the downregulation of DNMTs and reversing the methylation status of transcriptionally silenced genes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okuno
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Muhammad Yogi Pratama
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 518057, China
| | - Masanori Tokunaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 518057, China
| | - Yusuke Kinugasa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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54
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Bouzid YY, Chin EL, Spearman SS, Alkan Z, Stephensen CB, Lemay DG. No Associations between Dairy Intake and Markers of Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy Adult Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:3504. [PMID: 37630694 PMCID: PMC10459578 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy products are a good source of essential nutrients and past reviews have shown associations of dairy consumption with decreased systemic inflammation. Links between dairy intake and gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation are under-investigated. Therefore, we examined associations between reported dairy intake and markers of GI inflammation in healthy adults in a cross-sectional observational study, hypothesizing a negative association with yogurt intake, suggesting a protective effect, and no associations with total dairy, fluid milk, and cheese intake. Participants completed 24-h dietary recalls and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess recent and habitual intake, respectively. Those who also provided a stool sample (n = 295), and plasma sample (n = 348) were included in analysis. Inflammation markers from stool, including calprotectin, neopterin, and myeloperoxidase, were measured along with LPS-binding protein (LBP) from plasma. Regression models tested associations between dairy intake variables and inflammation markers with covariates: age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). As yogurt is episodically consumed, we examined differences in inflammation levels between consumers (>0 cup equivalents/day reported in recalls) and non-consumers. We found no significant associations between dairy intake and markers of GI inflammation. In this cohort of healthy adults, dairy intake was not associated with GI inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Y. Bouzid
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Chin
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah S. Spearman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zeynep Alkan
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles B. Stephensen
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Danielle G. Lemay
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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55
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Manogaran P, Anandan A, Vijaya Padma V. Isoliensinine augments the therapeutic potential of paclitaxel in multidrug-resistant colon cancer stem cells and induced mitochondria-mediated cell death. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23395. [PMID: 37424111 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have reported the isoliensinine (ISO) potentates the therapeutic potential of cisplatin in cisplatin resistant colorectal cancer stem cells. The present study evaluates the chemo-sensitizing potential of the combinatorial regimen of ISO and Paclitaxcel (PTX) on multidrug-resistant (MDR)-HCT-15 cells to reduce the dose requirement of both ISO and PTX. The results of the present study suggest that treatment with the combinatorial regimen of ISO and PTX enhanced the cytotoxic effect with resultant increase in apoptosis in MDR-HCT-15 cells as evident from the altered cellular morphology, G2/M cell cycle arrest, propidium iodide uptake, Annexin V, increased intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, diminished ATP production, PARP-1 cleavage, altered expression of ERK1/2, and apoptotic proteins. Treatment with combinatorial regimen of ISO and PTX also modulated the expression of the transcription factors SOX2, OCT4 which determine the stemness of cancer cells. Thus, results of the present study suggest that ISO and PTX combination regimen induces apoptosis in MDR-HCT-15 in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasath Manogaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Aparna Anandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Ghosh S, Fan F, Powell RT, Roszik J, Park YS, Stephan C, Sebastian M, Tan L, Sorokin AV, Lorenzi PL, Kopetz S, Ellis LM, Bhattacharya R. Vincristine Enhances the Efficacy of MEK Inhibitors in Preclinical Models of KRAS-mutant Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:962-975. [PMID: 37310170 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in KRAS are found in more than 50% of tumors from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, direct targeting of most KRAS mutations is difficult; even the recently developed KRASG12C inhibitors failed to show significant benefit in patients with mCRC. Single agents targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), a downstream mediator of RAS, have also been ineffective in colorectal cancer. To identify drugs that can enhance the efficacy of MEK inhibitors, we performed unbiased high-throughput screening using colorectal cancer spheroids. We used trametinib as the anchor drug and examined combinations of trametinib with the NCI-approved Oncology Library version 5. The initial screen, and following focused validation screens, identified vincristine as being strongly synergistic with trametinib. In vitro, the combination strongly inhibited cell growth, reduced clonogenic survival, and enhanced apoptosis compared with monotherapies in multiple KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cell lines. Furthermore, this combination significantly inhibited tumor growth, reduced cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis in multiple KRAS-mutant patient-derived xenograft mouse models. In vivo studies using drug doses that reflect clinically achievable doses demonstrated that the combination was well tolerated by mice. We further determined that the mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of the combination was due to enhanced intracellular accumulation of vincristine associated with MEK inhibition. The combination also significantly decreased p-mTOR levels in vitro, indicating that it inhibits both RAS-RAF-MEK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR survival pathways. Our data thus provide strong evidence that the combination of trametinib and vincristine represents a novel therapeutic option to be studied in clinical trials for patients with KRAS-mutant mCRC. SIGNIFICANCE Our unbiased preclinical studies have identified vincristine as an effective combination partner for the MEK inhibitor trametinib and provide a novel therapeutic option to be studied in patients with KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Ghosh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Reid T Powell
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Sung Park
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas
| | - Manu Sebastian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Tan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexey V Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lee M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajat Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Giustarini G, Teng G, Pavesi A, Adriani G. Characterization of 3D heterocellular spheroids of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for the study of cell interactions in the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1156769. [PMID: 37519820 PMCID: PMC10375712 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1156769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies nowadays. The available chemo- and immunotherapies are often ineffective in treating PDAC due to its immunosuppressive and highly desmoplastic tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which is hardly reproduced in the existing preclinical models. The PDAC TIME results from a peculiar spatial organization between different cell types. For this reason, developing new human models recapitulating the tissue organization and cell heterogeneity of PDAC is highly desirable. We developed human 3D heterocellular tumor spheroids of PDAC formed by cancer cells, endothelial cells, pancreatic stellate cells (PSC), and monocytes. As a control, we formed spheroids using immortalized epithelial pancreatic ductal cells (non-cancerous spheroids) with cellular heterogeneity similar to the tumor spheroids. Normal spheroids containing endothelial cells formed a complex 3D endothelial network significantly compromised in tumor spheroids. Monocyte/macrophages within the 4-culture tumor spheroids were characterized by a higher expression of CD163, CD206, PD-L1, and CD40 than those in the non-cancerous spheroids suggesting their differentiation towards an immunosuppressive phenotype. The heterocellular tumor spheroids presented a hypoxic core populated with PSC and monocytes/macrophages. The 4-culture tumor spheroids were characterized by spatial proximity of PSC and monocytes to the endothelial cells and a cytokine signature with increased concentrations of CXCL10, CCL2, and IL-6, which have been observed in PDAC patients and associated with poor survival. Further, 4-culture tumor spheroids decreased the concentrations of T-cell chemoattracting cytokines, i.e., CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL9, when compared with the non-cancerous spheroids, revealing a critical immunosuppressive feature of the different types of cells forming the tumor spheroids. Our results showed that the 4-culture tumor spheroids better resembled some critical features of patients' PDAC TIME than monoculture tumor spheroids. Using the proposed human 3D spheroid model for therapy testing at the preclinical stage may reveal pitfalls of chemo- and immuno-therapies to help the development of better anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Giustarini
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Germaine Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Huang CY, Wei PL, Batzorig U, Makondi PT, Lee CC, Chang YJ. Identification of Moesin (MSN) as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Colorectal Cancer via the β-Catenin-RUNX2 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10951. [PMID: 37446127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CRC is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The complex mechanisms of metastatic CRC limit available therapeutic choice. Thus, identifying new CRC therapeutic targets is essential. Moesin (MSN), a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family, connects the cell membrane to the actin-based cytoskeleton and regulates cell morphology. We investigated the role of MSN in the progression of CRC. GENT2 and oncomine were used to study MSN expression and CRC patient outcomes. MSN-specific shRNAs or MSN-overexpressed plasmid were used to establish MSN-KD and MSN overexpressed cell lines, respectively. SRB, migration, wound healing, and flow cytometry were used to test cell survival and migration. Propidium iodide and annexin V stain were used to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis. MSN expression was found to be higher in CRC tissues than in normal tissues. Higher MSN expression is associated with poor overall survival, disease-free survival, and relapse-free survival rates in CRC patients. MSN silencing inhibits cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion in vitro, whereas MSN overexpression accelerates cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. RNA sequencing was used to investigate differentially expressed genes, and RUNX2 was discovered as a possible downstream target for MSN. In CRC patients, RUNX2 expression was significantly correlated with MSN expression. We also found that MSN silencing decreased cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin levels. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin in MSN-overexpressed cells led to a reduction of RUNX2, and activating β-catenin signaling by inhibiting GSK3β rescued the RUNX2 downregulation in MSN-KD cells. This confirms that MSN regulates RUNX2 expression via activation of β-catenin signaling. Finally, our result further determined that RUNX2 silencing reduced the ability of MSN overexpression cells to proliferate and migrate. MSN accelerated CRC progression via the β-catenin-RUNX2 axis. As a result, MSN holds the potential to become a new target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Uyanga Batzorig
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Cheng-Chin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
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Patel H, Palekar S, Patel A, Patel K. Ibrutinib amorphous solid dispersions with enhanced dissolution at colonic pH for the localized treatment of colorectal cancer. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123056. [PMID: 37207861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Ibrutinib (IBR), the first in class bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor has promising anticancer activity. In this study, we aimed to develop a hot melt extrusion based amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) of IBR with enhanced dissolution at colonic pH and assess the anticancer activity against colon cancer cell lines. Since colonic pH is higher in CRC patients compared to healthy individuals, Eudragit® FS100 was used as pH dependent polymeric matrix for colon enabled release of IBR. Poloxamer 407, TPGS and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) were screened as plasticizer and solubilizer to improve the processability and solubility. Solid state characterization and filament appearance confirmed that IBR was molecularly dispersed within FS100+TPGS matrix. In-vitro drug release of ASD showed >96% drug release within 6 h at colonic pH with no precipitation for 12 h. Contrary, crystalline IBR showed negligible release. ASD with TPGS showed significantly higher anticancer activity in 2D and multicellular 3D spheroids of colon carcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and HT-116). The outcomes of this research suggested that ASD with a pH dependent polymer is a promising strategy to improve solubility and an effective approach in colorectal cancer targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henis Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Siddhant Palekar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Akanksha Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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60
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Hou Y, Zheng Y, Zheng X, Sun Y, Yi X, Wu Z, Lin JM. Multidimensional controllable fabrication of tumor spheroids based on a microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2654-2663. [PMID: 37190976 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) are in vitro solid tumor models with physiological relevance. To achieve robust process control, a MCTS fabrication method that combines cell membrane engineering and droplet microfluidic techniques is designed. The fluidic control and the chemical interactions between biotin and streptavidin enable artificial cell aggregation to be accomplished in seconds. Then, spheroids with a uniform size are fabricated within alginate microcapsules. Microfluidic mixing-based cell aggregation regulates the cell aggregate size and the spheroid composition, and the microcapsules regulate the size of spheroids from 120 to 180 μm. The method shows applicability for various cancer cell lines, including HCT116, HepG2, and A549. In addition, composite colon cancer spheroids consisting of HCT116 and NIH3T3 with predetermined cell ratios and uniform distributions are produced. The generated MCTSs are assessed using the ELISA and UPLC-MS/MS techniques. The release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance differ in the monotypic and cocultured colon cancer models. Our method provides a robust way to produce consistent and customized MCTSs in cancer research and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Yajing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Yucheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Xizhen Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Zengnan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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Kumar S, Gahramanov V, Patel S, Yaglom J, Kaczmarczyk L, Alexandrov IA, Gerlitz G, Salmon-Divon M, Sherman MY. Evolution of Resistance to Irinotecan in Cancer Cells Involves Generation of Topoisomerase-Guided Mutations in Non-Coding Genome That Reduce the Chances of DNA Breaks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108717. [PMID: 37240063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a leading cause of treatment failure. Drug resistance mechanisms involve mutations in specific proteins or changes in their expression levels. It is commonly understood that resistance mutations happen randomly prior to treatment and are selected during the treatment. However, the selection of drug-resistant mutants in culture could be achieved by multiple drug exposures of cloned genetically identical cells and thus cannot result from the selection of pre-existent mutations. Accordingly, adaptation must involve the generation of mutations de novo upon drug treatment. Here we explored the origin of resistance mutations to a widely used Top1 inhibitor, irinotecan, which triggers DNA breaks, causing cytotoxicity. The resistance mechanism involved the gradual accumulation of recurrent mutations in non-coding regions of DNA at Top1-cleavage sites. Surprisingly, cancer cells had a higher number of such sites than the reference genome, which may define their increased sensitivity to irinotecan. Homologous recombination repairs of DNA double-strand breaks at these sites following initial drug exposures gradually reverted cleavage-sensitive "cancer" sequences back to cleavage-resistant "normal" sequences. These mutations reduced the generation of DNA breaks upon subsequent exposures, thus gradually increasing drug resistance. Together, large target sizes for mutations and their Top1-guided generation lead to their gradual and rapid accumulation, synergistically accelerating the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Valid Gahramanov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Julia Yaglom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Lukasz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Ivan A Alexandrov
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology & Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gabi Gerlitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | | | - Michael Y Sherman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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Liu G, Wang H, Ran R, Wang Y, Li Y. FOSL1 transcriptionally regulates PHLDA2 to promote 5-FU resistance in colon cancer cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154496. [PMID: 37178619 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor drug resistance is a leading cause of tumor treatment failure. To date, the association between FOS-Like antigen-1 (FOSL1) and chemotherapy sensitivity in colon cancer is unclear. The present study investigated the molecular mechanism of FOSL1 regulating 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in colon cancer. METHODS FOSL1 expression in colon cancer was analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and its downstream regulatory factors were predicted. Pearson correlation analyzed the expression of FOSL1 and downstream regulatory gene. Meanwhile, the expression of FOSL1 and its downstream factor Pleckstrin Homology-Like Domain Family A Member 2 (PHLDA2) in colon cancer cell lines was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The regulatory relationship between FOSL1 and PHLDA2 was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. The effects of the FOSL1/PHLDA2 axis on the resistance in colon cancer cells to 5-FU were analyzed by cell experiments. RESULTS FOSL1 expression was evidently up-regulated in colon cancer and 5-FU resistant cells. FOSL1 was positively correlated with PHLDA2 in colon cancer. In vitro cell assays showed that low expression of FOSL1 significantly enhanced 5-FU sensitivity in colon cancer cells, significantly suppressed the proliferation of cancer cells, and induced apoptosis. Overexpression of FOSL1 presented the opposite regulatory trend. Mechanistically, FOSL1 activated PHLDA2 and up-regulated its expression. Moreover, by activating glycolysis, PHLDA2 promoted 5-Fu resistance and cell proliferation, and reduced cell apoptosis in colon cancer. CONCLUSION Down-regulated FOSL1 expression could enhance the 5-FU sensitivity of colon cancer cells, and FOSL1/PHLDA2 axis may be an effective target for overcoming chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Rui Ran
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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Cherradi S, Garambois V, Marines J, Andrade AF, Fauvre A, Morand O, Fargal M, Mancouri F, Ayrolles-Torro A, Vezzo-Vié N, Jarlier M, Loussaint G, Huvelle S, Joubert N, Mazard T, Gongora C, Pourquier P, Boissière-Michot F, Rio MD. Improving the response to oxaliplatin by targeting chemotherapy-induced CLDN1 in resistant metastatic colorectal cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:72. [PMID: 37041570 PMCID: PMC10091849 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor resistance is a frequent cause of therapy failure and remains a major challenge for the long-term management of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to determine the implication of the tight junctional protein claudin 1 (CLDN1) in the acquired resistance to chemotherapy. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to determine CLDN1 expression in post-chemotherapy liver metastases from 58 CRC patients. The effects of oxaliplatin on membrane CLDN1 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blotting experiments in vitro and in vivo. Phosphoproteome analyses, proximity ligation and luciferase reporter assays were used to unravel the mechanism of CLDN1 induction. RNAseq experiments were performed on oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines to investigate the role of CLDN1 in chemoresistance. The "one-two punch" sequential combination of oxaliplatin followed by an anti-CLDN1 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was tested in both CRC cell lines and murine models. RESULTS We found a significant correlation between CLDN1 expression level and histologic response to chemotherapy, CLDN1 expression being the highest in resistant metastatic residual cells of patients showing minor responses. Moreover, in both murine xenograft model and CRC cell lines, CLDN1 expression was upregulated after exposure to conventional chemotherapies used in CRC treatment. CLDN1 overexpression was, at least in part, functionally related to the activation of the MAPKp38/GSK3β/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Overexpression of CLDN1 was also observed in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines and was associated with resistance to apoptosis, suggesting an anti-apoptotic role for CLDN1. Finally, we demonstrated that the sequential treatment with oxaliplatin followed by an anti-CLDN1 ADC displayed a synergistic effect in vitro and in in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study identifies CLDN1 as a new biomarker of acquired resistance to chemotherapy in CRC patients and suggests that a "one-two punch" approach targeting chemotherapy-induced CLDN1 expression may represent a therapeutic opportunity to circumvent resistance and to improve the outcome of patients with advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cherradi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Véronique Garambois
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Johanna Marines
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Augusto Faria Andrade
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Alexandra Fauvre
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Olivia Morand
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Manon Fargal
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Ferial Mancouri
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Adeline Ayrolles-Torro
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Nadia Vezzo-Vié
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
- Biometry Department, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Gerald Loussaint
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Steve Huvelle
- GICC, Team IMT, University of Tours, Tours, 7501, F-37032, France
| | - Nicolas Joubert
- GICC, Team IMT, University of Tours, Tours, 7501, F-37032, France
| | - Thibault Mazard
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Gongora
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Philippe Pourquier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
| | - Florence Boissière-Michot
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France
- Translational Research Unit, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Maguy Del Rio
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des Apothicaires, Montpellier Cedex 5, F-34298, France.
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Samavarchi Tehrani S, Esmaeili F, Shirzad M, Goodarzi G, Yousefi T, Maniati M, Taheri-Anganeh M, Anushiravani A. The critical role of circular RNAs in drug resistance in gastrointestinal cancers. Med Oncol 2023; 40:116. [PMID: 36917431 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, drug resistance (DR) in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, as the main reason for cancer-related mortality worldwide, has become a serious problem in the management of patients. Several mechanisms have been proposed for resistance to anticancer drugs, including altered transport and metabolism of drugs, mutation of drug targets, altered DNA repair system, inhibited apoptosis and autophagy, cancer stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Compelling evidence has revealed that genetic and epigenetic factors are strongly linked to DR. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) interferences are the most crucial epigenetic alterations explored so far, and among these ncRNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are the most emerging members known to have unique properties. Due to the absence of 5' and 3' ends in these novel RNAs, the two ends are covalently bonded together and are generated from pre-mRNA in a process known as back-splicing, which makes them more stable than other RNAs. As far as the unique structure and function of circRNAs is concerned, they are implicated in proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and DR. A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for circRNAs-mediated DR in the GI cancers will open a new window to the management of GI cancers. Hence, in the present review, we will describe briefly the biogenesis, multiple features, and different biological functions of circRNAs. Then, we will summarize current mechanisms of DR, and finally, discuss molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs regulate DR development in esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Department of English, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Amir Anushiravani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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65
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Gong J, Shi T, Liu J, Pei Z, Liu J, Ren X, Li F, Qiu F. Dual-drug codelivery nanosystems: An emerging approach for overcoming cancer multidrug resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114505. [PMID: 36921532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) promotes tumor recurrence and metastasis and heavily reduces anticancer efficiency, which has become a primary reason for the failure of clinical chemotherapy. The mechanisms of MDR are so complex that conventional chemotherapy usually fails to achieve an ideal therapeutic effect and even accelerates the occurrence of MDR. In contrast, the combination of chemotherapy with dual-drug has significant advantages in tumor therapy. A novel dual-drug codelivery nanosystem, which combines dual-drug administration with nanotechnology, can overcome the application limitation of free drugs. Both the characteristics of nanoparticles and the synergistic effect of dual drugs contribute to circumventing various drug-resistant mechanisms in tumor cells. Therefore, developing dual-drug codelivery nanosystems with different multidrug-resistant mechanisms has an important reference value for reversing MDR and enhancing the clinical antitumor effect. In this review, the advantages, principles, and common codelivery nanocarriers in the application of dual-drug codelivery systems are summarized. The molecular mechanisms of MDR and the dual-drug codelivery nanosystems designed based on different mechanisms are mainly introduced. Meanwhile, the development prospects and challenges of codelivery nanosystems are also discussed, which provide guidelines to exploit optimized combined chemotherapy strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Gong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Taoran Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zerong Pei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fengyun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Al Bitar S, El-Sabban M, Doughan S, Abou-Kheir W. Molecular mechanisms targeting drug-resistance and metastasis in colorectal cancer: Updates and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1395-1426. [PMID: 36998426 PMCID: PMC10044855 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i9.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed malignancy and a major leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in therapeutic regimens, the number of patients presenting with metastatic CRC (mCRC) is increasing due to resistance to therapy, conferred by a small population of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells. Targeted therapies have been highly successful in prolonging the overall survival of patients with mCRC. Agents are being developed to target key molecules involved in drug-resistance and metastasis of CRC, and these include vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, in addition to immune checkpoints. Currently, there are several ongoing clinical trials of newly developed targeted agents, which have shown considerable clinical efficacy and have improved the prognosis of patients who do not benefit from conventional chemotherapy. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the use of existing and novel targeted agents against drug-resistant CRC and mCRC. Furthermore, we discuss limitations and challenges associated with targeted therapy and strategies to combat intrinsic and acquired resistance to these therapies, in addition to the importance of implementing better preclinical models and the application of personalized therapy based on predictive biomarkers for treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Samer Doughan
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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67
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Wang Y, Wang S, Xu J, Wang Y, Xiang L, He X. Total steroidal saponins from black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) overcome tumor multidrug resistance by inducing autophagy-mediated cell death in vivo and in vitro. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36877123 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) often occurs after prolonged chemotherapy, leading to refractory tumors and cancer recurrence. In this study, we demonstrated that the total steroidal saponins from Solanum nigrum L. (SN) had broad-spectrum cytotoxic activity against various human leukemia cancer cell lines, especially in adriamycin (ADR)-sensitive and resistant K562 cell lines. Moreover, SN could effectively inhibit the expression of ABC transporter in K562/ADR cells in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, by establishing K562/ADR xenograft tumor model, we demonstrated that SN might overcome drug resistance and inhibit the proliferation of tumors by regulating autophagy. In vitro, the increased LC3 puncta, the expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1, and the decreased expression of p62/SQSTM1 in SN-treated K562/ADR and K562 cells demonstrated autophagy induced by SN. Moreover, using the autophagy inhibitors or transfecting the ATG5 shRNA, we confirmed that autophagy induced by SN was a key factor in overcoming MDR thereby promoting cell death in K562/ADR cells. More importantly, SN-induced autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway to overcome drug resistance and ultimately induced autophagy-mediated cell death in K562/ADR cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that SN has the potential to treat multidrug-resistant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Li H, Lv L, Lu K, Li H, Zhang W, Cui T. Autophagy: Dual roles and perspective for clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Biochimie 2023; 206:49-60. [PMID: 36244578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) raises concerns to people because of its high recurrence and metastasis rate, diagnosis challenges, and poor prognosis. Various studies have shown the association of altered autophagy with tumorigenesis, tumor-stroma interactions, and resistance to cancer therapy in CRC. Autophagy is a highly conserved cytosolic catabolic process in eukaryotes that plays distinct roles in CRC occurrence and progression. In early tumorigenesis, autophagy may inhibit tumor growth through diverse mechanisms, whereas it exhibits a tumor promoting function in CRC progression. This different functions of autophagy in CRC occurrence and progression make developing therapies targeting autophagy complicated. In this review, we discuss the classification and process of autophagy as well as its dual roles in CRC, functions in the tumor microenvironment, cross-talk with apoptosis, and potential usefulness as a CRC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Huihui Li
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Cui
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Reid TR, Abrouk N, Caroen S, Oronsky B, Stirn M, Larson C, Beale K, Knox SJ, Fisher G. ROCKET: Phase II Randomized, Active-controlled, Multicenter Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of RRx-001 + Irinotecan vs. Single-agent Regorafenib in Third/Fourth Line Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2023; 22:92-99. [PMID: 36529613 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION RRx-001 is a novel cysteine-targeted alkylating agent that releases nitric oxide (NO). The primary biological activities of this hybrid molecule include macrophage repolarizing and vascular normalization. The purpose of this clinical trial (ROCKET) (NCT02096354) was to compare the safety and efficacy of the combination therapy RRx-001 + irinotecan vs. regorafenib in third/fourth line colorectal cancer that previously received treatment with irinotecan. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 34 patients were randomized (24 to RRx-001 + irinotecan (RxI) and 10 to single-agent regorafenib (RegI)) and were the basis for the intention-to-treat analysis (ITT, comprising all 34 patients). RRx-001 treatment was administered as an up-to-2-month "primer" followed by irinotecan for patients randomized to the RRx-001 arm (24). The efficacy and safety data are presented for the 34 patients in the (ITT) efficacy analysis. Therapy consisted of intravenous administration of RRx-001 at 4 mg once weekly for up to 2 months, at which point RRx-001 was discontinued, followed by intravenous infusion of irinotecan at 180 mg/m2 on day 1 in a 21-day cycle vs. 160 mg oral regorafenib daily for 3/4 weeks followed at progression, if applicable, by irinotecan 180 mg/m2 on day 1 in a 21-day cycle. There were 3 patients (3/24 = 12.5%) with prior single agent irinotecan on the RRx-001 randomized arm and 2 (2/10 = 20%) on the regorafenib randomized arm. Numerous patients had irinotecan combination therapies prior to randomized treatment. There were 15 patients on RRx-001 arm that received irinotecan post-RRx-001 in the randomized trial. There were 5 PRs on RRx-001 plus irinotecan leading to an overall response of 20.8% (5/24). There were 37.5% (9/24) of RRx-001 randomized patients with KRAS mutant type while 60% (6/10) regorafenib randomized patients were of KRAS type mutant. There were only 4 patients with available QOL and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, an insufficient sample size to allow for any meaningful analysis. RESULTS Median patient follow-up was approximately 14.5 months (SD 4.5 months). Median overall survival was 8.6 months for RxI and 4.7 months for RegI. Median progression free survival was 6.1 months for RxI vs. 1.7 months for RegI (a statistically significant result, 2-sided log-rank test, P = .0030). The toxicity profile of RxI was substantially improved compared with RegI. CONCLUSION The results of this trial demonstrate improved efficacy of RxI compared with RegI in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after previous treatment with irinotecan, and late-stage clinical development in this indication is planned on the strength of the observed "signal" accompanied by a sufficient safety profile.
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Kazakova E, Rakina M, Sudarskikh T, Iamshchikov P, Tarasova A, Tashireva L, Afanasiev S, Dobrodeev A, Zhuikova L, Cherdyntseva N, Kzhyshkowska J, Larionova I. Angiogenesis regulators S100A4, SPARC and SPP1 correlate with macrophage infiltration and are prognostic biomarkers in colon and rectal cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1058337. [PMID: 36895491 PMCID: PMC9989292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1058337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increasing evidence suggests that it is necessary to find effective and robust clinically validated prognostic biomarkers that can identify "high-risk" colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Currently, available prognostic factors largely include clinical-pathological parameters and focus on the cancer stage at the time of diagnosis. Among cells of tumor microenvironment (TME) only Immunoscore classifier based on T lymphocytes showed high predictive value. Methods In the present study, we performed the complex analysis of mRNA and protein expression of crucial regulators of tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression, expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs): S100A4, SPP1 and SPARC. Colon and rectal cancer patients were investigated independently and in a combined cohort (CRC). For mRNA expression, we analyzed RNA sequencing data obtained from TCGA (N=417) and GEO (N=92) cohorts of colorectal cancer patients. For protein expression, we performed IHC digital quantification of tumor tissues obtained from 197 patients with CRC treated in the Department of abdominal oncology in Clinics of Tomsk NRMC. Results High S100A4 mRNA expression accurately predicted poor survival for patients with CRC independently of cancer type. SPARC mRNA level was independent prognostic factors for survival in colon but not in rectal cancer. SPP1 mRNA level had significant predictive value for survival in both rectal and colon cancers. Analysis of human CRC tissues revealed that S100A4, SPP1 and SPARC are expressed by stromal compartments, in particular by TAMs, and have a strong correlation with macrophage infiltration. Finally, our results indicate that chemotherapy-based treatment can change the predictive direction of S100A4 for rectal cancer patients. We found that S100A4 stromal levels were higher in patients with better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy, and S100A4 mRNA levels predicted better DFS among non-responders. Discussion These findings can help improve the prognosis of patients with CRC based on S100A4, SPP1 and SPARC expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kazakova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Militsa Rakina
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Sudarskikh
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Pavel Iamshchikov
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna Tarasova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liubov Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergei Afanasiev
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexei Dobrodeev
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Lilia Zhuikova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Cherdyntseva
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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A Prognostic Cuproptosis-Related LncRNA Signature for Colon Adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:5925935. [PMID: 36844874 PMCID: PMC9957631 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5925935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of cell death, is caused by copper levels exceeding homeostasis thresholds. Although Cu has a potential role in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), its role in the development of COAD remains unclear. Methods In this study, 426 patients with COAD were extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Pearson correlation algorithm was used to identify cuproptosis-related lncRNAs. Using the univariate Cox regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select cuproptosis-related lncRNAs associated with COAD overall survival (OS). A risk model was established based on the multivariate Cox regression analysis. A nomogram model was used to evaluate the prognostic signature based on the risk model. Finally, mutational burden and sensitivity analyses of chemotherapy drugs were performed for COAD patients in the low- and high-risk groups. Result Ten cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were identified and a novel risk model was constructed. A signature based on ten cuproptosis-related lncRNAs was an independent prognostic predictor for COAD. Mutational burden analysis suggested that patients with high-risk scores had higher mutation frequency and shorter survival. Conclusion Constructing a risk model based on the ten cuproptosis-related lncRNAs could accurately predict the prognosis of COAD patients, providing a fresh perspective for future research on COAD.
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The Gut Microbiota Metabolite Urolithin B Prevents Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Remodeling Microbiota and PD-L1/HLA-B. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:6480848. [PMID: 36778211 PMCID: PMC9908333 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6480848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has risen to the third occurring cancer in the world. Fluorouracil (5-Fu), oxaliplatin, and cisplatin are the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for clinical chemotherapy. Nevertheless, due to chemotherapeutic drug resistance, the survival rate of patients with CRC remains very low. In this study, we used the inflammation-induced or mutation-family-inherited murine CRC models to study the anticancer and immunotherapy effects of urolithin B (UB), the final metabolite of polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract. The label-free proteomics analysis and the gene ontology (GO) classifications were used to test and analyze the proteins affected by UB. And 16S rDNA sequencing and flow cytometry were utilized to uncover gut microbiome composition and immune defense improved by UB administration. The results indicated that urolithin B prevents colorectal carcinogenesis by remodeling gut microbial and tumor immune microenvironments, such as HLA-B, NK cells, regulatory T cells, and γδ TCR cells, and decreasing the PD-L1. The combination of urolithin B with first-line therapeutic drugs improved the colorectal intestinal hematochezia by shaping gut microbiota, providing a strategy for the treatment of immunotherapy treatment for CRC treatments. UB combined with anti-PD-1 antibody could inhibit the growth of colon cancer. Urolithin B may thus contribute to anticancer treatments and provide a high immune response microenvironment for CRC patients' further immunotherapy.
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Ma SC, Zhang JQ, Yan TH, Miao MX, Cao YM, Cao YB, Zhang LC, Li L. Novel strategies to reverse chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36645225 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy with high morbidity and fatality. Chemotherapy, as traditional therapy for CRC, has exerted well antitumor effect and greatly improved the survival of CRC patients. Nevertheless, chemoresistance is one of the major problems during chemotherapy for CRC and significantly limits the efficacy of the treatment and influences the prognosis of patients. To overcome chemoresistance in CRC, many strategies are being investigated. Here, we review the common and novel measures to combat the resistance, including drug repurposing (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metformin, dichloroacetate, enalapril, ivermectin, bazedoxifene, melatonin, and S-adenosylmethionine), gene therapy (ribozymes, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, epigenetic therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, and noncoding RNAs), protein inhibitor (EFGR inhibitor, S1PR2 inhibitor, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor), natural herbal compounds (polyphenols, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, and sterols), new drug delivery system (nanocarriers, liposomes, exosomes, and hydrogels), and combination therapy. These common or novel strategies for the reversal of chemoresistance promise to improve the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chang Ma
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Hua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Xing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Min Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wu S, Zhao K, Wang J, Liu N, Nie K, Qi L, Xia L. Recent advances of tanshinone in regulating autophagy for medicinal research. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1059360. [PMID: 36712689 PMCID: PMC9877309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1059360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Initially described as an ancient and highly conserved catabolic biofunction, autophagy plays a significant role in disease pathogenesis and progression. As the bioactive ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, tanshinone has recently shown profound effects in alleviating and treating various diseases by regulating autophagy. However, compared to the remarkable achievements in the known pharmacological effects of this traditional Chinese medicine, there is a lack of a concise and comprehensive review deciphering the mechanism by which tanshinone regulates autophagy for medicinal research. In this context, we concisely review the advances of tanshinone in regulating autophagy for medicinal research, including human cancer, the nervous system, and cardiovascular diseases. The pharmacological effects of tanshinone targeting autophagy involve the regulation of autophagy-related proteins, such as Beclin-1, LC3-II, P62, ULK1, Bax, ATG3, ATG5, ATG7, ATG9, and ATG12; the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MEK/ERK/mTOR, Beclin-1-related, and AMPK-related signaling pathways; the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and the activation of AMPK. Notably, we found that tanshinone played a dual role in human cancers in an autophagic manner, which may provide a new avenue for potential clinical application. In brief, these findings on autophagic tanshinone and its derivatives provide a new clue for expediting medicinal research related to tanshinone compounds and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaidi Nie
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luming Qi
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Luming Qi, ; Lina Xia,
| | - Lina Xia
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Regimen and Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Luming Qi, ; Lina Xia,
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Dong L, He J, Luo L, Wang K. Targeting the Interplay of Autophagy and ROS for Cancer Therapy: An Updated Overview on Phytochemicals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010092. [PMID: 36678588 PMCID: PMC9865312 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-degradation system that recycles cellular components and damaged organelles, which is critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are short-lived molecules containing unpaired electrons that are formed by the partial reduction of molecular oxygen. It is widely known that autophagy and ROS can regulate each other to influence the progression of cancer. Recently, due to the wide potent anti-cancer effects with minimal side effects, phytochemicals, especially those that can modulate ROS and autophagy, have attracted great interest of researchers. In this review, we afford an overview of the complex regulatory relationship between autophagy and ROS in cancer, with an emphasis on phytochemicals that regulate ROS and autophagy for cancer therapy. We also discuss the effects of ROS/autophagy inhibitors on the anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals, and the challenges associated with harnessing the regulation potential on ROS and autophagy of phytochemicals for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Dong
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (K.W.)
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Cui WL, Guo DX, Wang N, Wang ZF, Ji JB, Wang X, Yang CG, Lin YQ, Wang SQ. Identification of chemosensitizing agents of colorectal cancer in Rauvolfia vomitoria using an NMR-based chemometric approach. Front Chem 2023; 10:1069591. [PMID: 36688051 PMCID: PMC9852911 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1069591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Searching for new adjuvants of conventional chemotherapeutic approaches against colorectal cancer cells is extremely urgent. In current research, a non-targeted analytical approach was established by combining proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a chemometrics data mining tool to identify chemosensitizing agents from Rauvolfia vomitoria. This approach enabled the identification of potential active constituents in the initial fractionation process and provided their structural information. This strategy was validated by its application to Rauvolfia vomitoria extract exhibiting chemosensitizing activity on 5-fluorouracil against colorectal cancer cells. After the workflow, the biochemometrics analysis showed that at least 15 signals (Variable influence on projection (VIP) > 1) could have contributions in the differentiation of various fractions. Through systematic literature and database searches, we found that the most active fraction (fraction 7) exhibited the highest presence of sabazin-type and armaniline-type alkaloids, which were potential chemosensitizers as previously reported. To validate the results of the strategy, the effect of 5-FU and compounds isolated from fraction seven incubation on HCT-8 and LoVo cell vialibilty were evaluated. These results evidenced that compound β-carboline (3), 1-methyl-β-carboline (4), and lochnerine (6) could enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil against to Colorectal cancer cells. Besides, 21 compounds including two new compounds were isolated from Rauvolfia vomitoria. The experimental results verify the reliability of the method, and this approach provides a new and efficient tool to overcome some of the bottlenecks in natural products drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Cui
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Guo
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Nature Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Nature Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Bo Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Nature Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Nature Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Guo Yang
- Shandong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Lin
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Gelatin Products, Jinan, China,Shandong Engineering Research Center for Generic Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yong-Qiang Lin, ; Shu-Qi Wang,
| | - Shu-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Nature Products (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yong-Qiang Lin, ; Shu-Qi Wang,
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Chandra F, Tania TF, Nurcahyanti ADR. Bixin and Fuxoxanthin Alone and in Combination with Cisplatin Regulate ABCC1 and ABCC2 Transcription in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:15-20. [PMID: 37313537 PMCID: PMC10259734 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_50_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter has long been studied to confer drug resistance in human tumors and play important role in metabolic processes and cellular signaling. The overexpression of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC3, and ABCG2 leads to decreased sensitivity of lung cancer to cisplatin. At the transcription level, the expression of ABC transporters is highly regulated and requires the complex interplay of factors involved in differentiation and development, cell survival and apoptosis upon intrinsic and environmental stress. The p53 regulation of drug-resistance genes is also complex yet not well understood. Previously, we demonstrated the synergistic interaction between bixin or fucoxanthin with cisplatin in A549 lung cancer cells. Objectives Current study aims to identify whether carotenoids enhancing therapeutic effect of Cisplatin due to the ability to reverse drug resistance associated proteins, such as ABC transporter and regulating the tumor suppressor corresponding gene, p53. Methods Real-Time Quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to estimate the expression level of ABCC1 and ABCC2, and p53 of A549 cell lines in response to carotenoids alone and in combination with cisplatin. Results and Conclusion The administration of bixin or fucoxanthin decreases the expression of ABCC1 and ABCC2. Both carotenoids, either alone or in combination with cisplatin, upregulated p53 gene expression indicating the mechanism of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis occurs via the p53 caspase-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdy Chandra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Teresa F. Tania
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agustina D. R. Nurcahyanti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Shen X, Zuo X, Liang L, Wang L, Luo B. Integrating machine learning and single-cell trajectories to analyze T-cell exhaustion to predict prognosis and immunotherapy in colon cancer patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162843. [PMID: 37207222 PMCID: PMC10191250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has recently increased, and patients with advanced COAD have a poor prognosis due to treatment resistance. Combining conventional treatment with targeted therapy and immunotherapy has shown unexpectedly positive results in improving the prognosis of patients with COAD. More study is needed to determine the prognosis for patients with COAD and establish the appropriate course of treatment. Methods This study aimed to explore the trajectory of T-cell exhaustion in COAD to predict the overall survival and treatment outcome of COAD patients. Clinical data were derived from the TCGA-COAD cohort through "UCSC", as well as the whole genome data. Prognostic genes driving T-cell trajectory differentiation were identified on the basis of single-cell trajectories and univariate Cox regression. Subsequently, T-cell exhaustion score (TES) was created by iterative LASSO regression. The potential biological logic associated with TES was explored through functional analysis, immune microenvironment assessment, immunotherapy response prediction, and in vitro experiments. Results Data showed that patients with significant TES had fewer favorable outcomes. Expression, proliferation, and invasion of COAD cells treated with TXK siRNA were also examined by cellular experiments. Both univariate and multivariate Cox regression indicated that TES was an independent prognostic factor in patients with COAD; in addition, subgroup analysis supported this finding. Functional assay revealed that immune response and cytotoxicity pathways are associated with TES, as the subgroup with low TES has an active immune microenvironment. Furthermore, patients with low TES responded better to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Conclusion In this study, we systematically explored the T-cell exhaustion trajectory in COAD and developed a TES model to assess prognosis and provide guidelines for the treatment decision. This discovery gave rise to a fresh concept for novel therapeutic procedures for the clinical treatment of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Luo, ; Lin Wang,
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Luo, ; Lin Wang,
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79
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Murugaiyaa Pandiyan S, Shanmugaraj P, Manoharan JP, Vidyalakshmi S. A network pharmacological approach to reveal the multidrug resistance reversal and associated mechanisms of acetogenins against colorectal cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13527-13546. [PMID: 34669561 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1990130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug Resistance (MDR) in tumors is caused by the over-expression of ATP Binding Cassette transporter proteins such as Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein 1. This in silico study focuses on identifying a MDR inhibitor among acetogenins (AGEs) of Annona muricata and also aims at predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) core targets of AGEs through a network pharmacological approach. Twenty-four AGEs were initially screened for their ADME properties. Molecular interaction studies were performed with the two proteins MRP1 and BCRP1. As the structure of MRP1 was not available, an inward-facing conformation of MRP1 was modeled. A Protein-protein interaction network was constructed for the correlating targets of CRC. KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology analysis were performed for the predicted CRC targets. We identified four lead AGEs: Muricatocin B, Annonacinone, Annonacin A and Annomuricin E having a higher binding affinity towards MDR proteins. MD simulation studies performed with the three lead AGEs and the MDR proteins showed that MRP1(DBD): Annomuricin E complex was stable throughout the simulation. Our analysis revealed ABCG2, ERBB2, STAT3, AR, SRC and ABCC1 as CRC targets of the lead molecules. The top 10 signaling pathways and functions of correlative CRC targets were also predicted. We conclude that the identified lead molecules might act as competitive inhibitors for reversing MDR in CRC. Additionally, network pharmacological studies established the correlative CRC targets and their mechanisms of action. Further experimental studies are needed to validate our findings. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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80
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Liu Z, Xu Y, Liu X, Wang B. PCDH7 knockdown potentiates colon cancer cells to chemotherapy via inducing ferroptosis and changes in autophagy through restraining MEK1/2/ERK/c-Fos axis. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:445-457. [PMID: 35926236 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a commonly utilized treatment strategy for colon cancer, a prevalent malignancy. The study intends to probe the function and mechanism of protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) in colon cancer. Gain or loss of functional assays of PCDH7 was performed. MTT and colony formation assay monitored cell proliferation. Transwell measured migration and invasion. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot verified the profiles of PCDH7 and the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS pathway. Western blot was implemented to confirm the profiles of PP1α, MLC2, and p-MLC2 for evaluating the impact of PCDH7 on homotypic cells in cell (hocic) structures. Further, an in-vivo nude mouse model was engineered to figure out the function and mechanism of PCDH7 in tumor cell growth. As indicated by the data, PCDH7 knockdown boosted the cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy. PCDH7 overexpression facilitated their proliferation and invasion, altered autophagy, induced ferroptosis and hocic, and initiated the profile of the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS pathway. MEK1/2/ERK inhibition impaired the inhibitory impact of PCDH7 on colon cancer cells' chemotherapy sensitivity and dampened its pro-cancer function in the cells. In-vivo experiments displayed that PCDH7 overexpression stepped up tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis in colon cancer cells. All in all, the research has discovered that PCDH7 knockdown affects autophagy and induces ferroptosis, hence strengthening colon cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy by repressing the MEK1/2/ERK/c-FOS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - Baochun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
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81
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Yan K, Wang Y, Yan B, Ma Y, Yang Y, Dai S, Fang F, Wu S, Wang X, Wang H, Yang D, Di L, Cheng H, Liu J, Liu S. Establishment of X-ray diffraction fingerprints for identification of different configuration Realgar and its antitumor activity. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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82
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Islam MR, Akash S, Rahman MM, Nowrin FT, Akter T, Shohag S, Rauf A, Aljohani AS, Simal-Gandara J. Colon cancer and colorectal cancer: Prevention and treatment by potential natural products. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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83
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Gul S, Maqbool MF, Maryam A, Khan M, Shakir HA, Irfan M, Ara C, Li Y, Ma T. Vitamin K: A novel cancer chemosensitizer. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2641-2657. [PMID: 34993998 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidences are growing rapidly and causing millions of deaths globally. Cancer treatment is one of the most exigent challenges. Drug resistance is a natural phenomenon and is considered one of the major obstacles in the successful treatment of cancer by chemotherapy. Combination therapy by the amalgamation of various anticancer drugs has suggested modulating tumor response by targeting various signaling pathways in a synergistic or additive manner. Vitamin K is an essential nutrient and has recently been investigated as a potential anticancer agent. The combination of vitamin K analogs, such as vitamins K1, K2, K3, and K5, with other chemotherapeutic drugs have demonstrated a safe, cost-effective, and most efficient way to overcome drug resistance and improved the outcomes of prevailing chemotherapy. Published reports have shown that vitamin K in combination therapy improved the efficacy of clinical drugs by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and overcoming drug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein. In this review, we discuss the mechanism, cellular targets, and possible ways to develop vitamin K subtypes into effective cancer chemosensitizers. Finally, this review will provide a scientific basis for exploiting vitamin K as a potential agent to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Gul
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Maqbool
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amara Maryam
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdullah Shakir
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Chaman Ara
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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84
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Ghazi B, El Ghanmi A, Kandoussi S, Ghouzlani A, Badou A. CAR T-cells for colorectal cancer immunotherapy: Ready to go? Front Immunol 2022; 13:978195. [PMID: 36458008 PMCID: PMC9705989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.978195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells represent a new genetically engineered cell-based immunotherapy tool against cancer. The use of CAR T-cells has revolutionized the therapeutic approach for hematological malignancies. Unfortunately, there is a long way to go before this treatment can be developed for solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. CAR T-cell therapy for colorectal cancer is still in its early stages, and clinical data are scarce. Major limitations of this therapy include high toxicity, relapses, and an impermeable tumor microenvironment for CAR T-cell therapy in colorectal cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge, highlight challenges, and discuss perspectives regarding CAR T-cell therapy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Ghazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Adil El Ghanmi
- Mohammed VI International University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sarah Kandoussi
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amina Ghouzlani
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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85
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Tariq H, Noreen Z, Ahmad A, Khan L, Ali M, Malik M, Javed A, Rasheed F, Fatima A, Kocagoz T, Sezerman U, Bokhari H. Colibactin possessing E. coli isolates in association with colorectal cancer and their genetic diversity among Pakistani population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262662. [PMID: 36367873 PMCID: PMC9651576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cause of tumorigenesis and several pathogenic bacteria have been correlated with aggressive cases of cancer i.e., genotoxin (colibactin) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study was designed to investigate the genetic diversity of clb+clb+E. coli strains and their association with CRC. Pathogenic E. coli isolates from colorectal biopsies were characterized based on phylotypes, antibiotic resistance pattern, and (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequence-based Polymerase Chain Reaction) ERIC-PCR. Furthermore, isolates were screened for the presence of the Pks (polyketide synthase) Island specifically targeting colibactin genes A and Q. The selective clb+clb+ isolates were subjected to cytotoxicity assay using Human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell lines. We revealed that 43.47% of the cancer-associated E. coli isolates were from phylogroup B2 comparatively more pathogenic than rest while in the case of healthy controls no isolate was found from B2. Moreover, 90% were found positive for colibactin and pks (polyketide synthase) island, while none of the healthy controls were found positive for colibactin genes. All healthy and cancer-associated isolates were tested against 15 antibiotic agents, we observed that cancer-associated isolates showed a wide range of resistance from 96% against Nalidixic acid to 48% against Doxycycline. Moreover, E. coli isolates were further genotyped using ERIC-PCR, and selected clb+clb+E. coli isolates were subjected to cytotoxicity assay. We recorded the significant cytotoxic activity of clb+clb+ E. coli phylogroup B2 isolates that might have contributed towards the progression of CRC or dysbiosis of healthy gut microbiota protecting against CRC pathogenesis. Our results revealed a significant p<0.023 association of dietary habits and hygiene p<0.001with CRC. This is the first study to report the prevalence of E. coli phylogroups and the role of colibactin most virulent phylogroup B2 among Pakistani individuals from low socioeconomic setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Tariq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mashhood Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Malik
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Rasheed
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alina Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanil Kocagoz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Sezerman
- Department of Biostatics and Medical Informatics, Acibadem University, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Kohsar University Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
- * E-mail: ,
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86
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Ren J, Wang B, Wu Q, Wang G. Combination of niclosamide and current therapies to overcome resistance for cancer: New frontiers for an old drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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87
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Takahashi H, Sovadinova I, Yasuhara K, Vemparala S, Caputo GA, Kuroda K. Biomimetic antimicrobial polymers—Design, characterization, antimicrobial, and novel applications. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1866. [PMID: 36300561 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic antimicrobial polymers have been an area of great interest as the need for novel antimicrobial compounds grows due to the development of resistance. These polymers were designed and developed to mimic naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides in both physicochemical composition and mechanism of action. These antimicrobial peptide mimetic polymers have been extensively investigated using chemical, biophysical, microbiological, and computational approaches to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions that drive function. These studies have helped inform SARs, mechanism of action, and general physicochemical factors that influence the activity and properties of antimicrobial polymers. However, there are still lingering questions in this field regarding 3D structural patterning, bioavailability, and applicability to alternative targets. In this review, we present a perspective on the development and characterization of several antimicrobial polymers and discuss novel applications of these molecules emerging in the field. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University Higashi‐Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Iva Sovadinova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara Japan
- Center for Digital Green‐Innovation Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara Japan
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences CIT Campus Chennai India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Mumbai India
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey USA
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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88
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Biodegradable disulfide crosslinked chitosan/stearic acid nanoparticles for dual drug delivery for colorectal cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119833. [PMID: 35868778 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, redox responsive chitosan/stearic acid nanoparticles (CSSA NPs) (≈200 nm) are developed for dual drug delivery. These degradable nanoparticles are prepared based on disulfide (SS) crosslinking chemistry avoiding the use of any external crosslinking agent. CSSA NPs are further loaded with both DOX (hydrophilic) and curcumin (hydrophobic) drugs with ≈86 % and ≈82 % encapsulation efficiency respectively. This approach of combining anticancer therapeutics having different mode of anticancer action allows to develop systems for cancer therapy with enhanced efficacy. In vitro drug release experiments clearly exhibit the low leakage of drug under physiological conditions while ≈98 % DOX and ≈96 % curcumin is released after 136 h under GSH reducing conditions. The cytotoxicity experiments against HCT116 cells demonstrate higher cytotoxicity of dual drug loaded CSSA NPs. In vivo biodistribution experiments with c57bl/6j mice confirms the retention of CSSA NPs in the colon area up to 24 h exhibiting their potential for colorectal cancer therapy.
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89
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Volovat SR, Augustin I, Zob D, Boboc D, Amurariti F, Volovat C, Stefanescu C, Stolniceanu CR, Ciocoiu M, Dumitras EA, Danciu M, Apostol DGC, Drug V, Shurbaji SA, Coca LG, Leon F, Iftene A, Herghelegiu PC. Use of Personalized Biomarkers in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and the Impact of AI. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194834. [PMID: 36230757 PMCID: PMC9562853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide and is correlated with genetic and epigenetic alterations in the colonic epithelium. Genetic changes play a major role in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer through the development of gene mutations, but recent research has shown an important role for epigenetic alterations. In this review, we try to describe the current knowledge about epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as the role of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic regulators and the prognostic and predictive biomarkers in metastatic colorectal disease that can allow increases in the effectiveness of treatments. Additionally, the intestinal microbiota’s composition can be an important biomarker for the response to strategies based on the immunotherapy of CRC. The identification of biomarkers in mCRC can be enhanced by developing artificial intelligence programs. We present the actual models that implement AI technology as a bridge connecting ncRNAs with tumors and conducted some experiments to improve the quality of the model used as well as the speed of the model that provides answers to users. In order to carry out this task, we implemented six algorithms: the naive Bayes classifier, the random forest classifier, the decision tree classifier, gradient boosted trees, logistic regression and SVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iolanda Augustin
- Department of Medical Oncology, AI.Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Zob
- Department of Medical Oncology, AI.Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Boboc
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Amurariti
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology, “Euroclinic” Center of Oncology, 2 Vasile Conta Str., 700106 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eduard Alexandru Dumitras
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Danciu
- Pathology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Vasile Drug
- Department of Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘St. Spiridon’ Clinical Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sinziana Al Shurbaji
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘St. Spiridon’ Clinical Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucia-Georgiana Coca
- Faculty of Computer Science, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Leon
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Iftene
- Faculty of Computer Science, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paul-Corneliu Herghelegiu
- Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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90
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Moxidectin induces autophagy arrest in colorectal cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:211. [PMID: 36175702 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hence, developing new therapeutic drugs for CRC is very important. Moxidectin (MOX) has shown good anti-glioblastoma effect both in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-CRC effect of MOX and its potential mechanism by investigating the influence of MOX on the viability, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy of colorectal cancer cells (HCT15 and SW620) and its underlying mechanisms. It was found that MOX can induce autophagy arrest, promote autophagy initiation, inhibit autophagic flux and cell proliferation, simultaneously PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and microtubule acetylation. Furthermore, MOX suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors, which was consistent with the in vitro results.
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91
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The role of PYCR1 in inhibiting 5-fluorouracil-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis through SLC25A10 in colorectal cancer. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1900-1911. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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92
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Lu M, Lan X, Wu X, Fang X, Zhang Y, Luo H, Gao W, Wu D. Salvia miltiorrhiza in cancer: Potential role in regulating MicroRNAs and epigenetic enzymes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1008222. [PMID: 36172186 PMCID: PMC9512245 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1008222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in gene regulation by influencing the translation and longevity of various target mRNAs and the expression of various target genes as well as by modifying histones and DNA methylation of promoter sites. Consequently, when dysregulated, microRNAs are involved in the development and progression of a variety of diseases, including cancer, by affecting cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Preparations from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (Lamiaceae), also known as red sage or danshen, are widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating data suggest that certain bioactive constituents of this plant, particularly tanshinones, have broad antitumor effects by interfering with microRNAs and epigenetic enzymes. This paper reviews the evidence for the antineoplastic activities of S. miltiorrhiza constituents by causing or promoting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and epigenetic changes to provide an outlook on their future roles in the treatment of cancer, both alone and in combination with other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Donglu Wu,
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Donglu Wu,
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93
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Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids Decrease the Proliferation, Invasion, and Secretion of Clinically Relevant Cytokines by Cultured Human Colon Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091267. [PMID: 36139106 PMCID: PMC9496155 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids isolated from members of the Amaryllidaceae plant family are promising anticancer agents. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the isocarbostyrils narciclasine, pancratistatin, lycorane, lycorine, crinane, and haemanthamine inhibit phenomena related to cancer progression in vitro. To achieve this, we examined the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of cultured human colon cancer cells via MTT assay and Matrigel-coated Boyden chambers. In addition, Luminex assays were used to quantify the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and cytokines associated with poor clinical outcomes. We found that all alkaloids decreased cell proliferation regardless of TP53 status, with narciclasine exhibiting the greatest potency. The effects on cell proliferation also appear to be specific to cancer cells. Narciclasine, lycorine, and haemanthamine decrease both adhesion and invasion but with various potencies depending on the cell line. In addition, narciclasine, lycorine, and haemanthamine decreased the secretion of MMP-1, -2, and -7, as well as the secretion of the cytokines pentraxin 3 and vascular endothelial growth factor. In conclusion, the present study shows that Amaryllidaceae alkaloids decrease phenomena and cytokines associated with colorectal cancer progression, supporting future investigations regarding their potential as multifaceted drug candidates.
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94
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Erdogan CS, Al Hassadi Y, Aru B, Yilmaz B, Gemici B. Combinatorial effects of melatonin and paclitaxel differ depending on the treatment scheme in colorectal cancer in vitro. Life Sci 2022; 308:120927. [PMID: 36063977 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer with high mortality. Besides regulating the circadian rhythm, melatonin (MTN) exerts anticancer activities. Paclitaxel (PTX) is successful against different malignancies, however, acquired resistance and variability in patient response restrict its use. mTOR and MAPK pathways are often deregulated in human cancers. We aimed to investigate whether MTN enhances or sensitizes the chemotherapeutic activity of PTX and if so, determine the underlying possible mechanisms in CRC in vitro. MAIN METHODS Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of PTX and MTN were assessed alone and in combination, as well as with different treatment regimens (renewal or replacement of the treatment after 24 h), up to 48 h. Apoptosis, viability and autophagy were assessed by flow cytometry. mTOR and MAPK pathway activities were investigated by immunoblotting. KEY FINDINGS Both drugs reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner at 24 and 48 h. Only the highest dose of MTN (500 μM) potentiated the cytotoxicity of PTX (50 nM). Replacement of PTX after 24 h with MTN was superior in reducing cell viability than vice versa via apoptosis induction. Renewal of MTN treatment every 24 h reduced autophagy compared to the control group, while other treatments did not alter the autophagic activity. A 24 h MTN treatment followed by 24 h PTX treatment increased S6 phosphorylation in a mTOR-independent manner and increased Erk1/2 phosphorylation. SIGNIFICANCE The present study suggests that sequential treatment with MTN and PTX distinctly affect apoptosis and cytotoxicity via regulating mTOR and MAPK pathways differentially in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Suleyman Erdogan
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kayisdagi cad., 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasmine Al Hassadi
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kayisdagi cad., 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Aru
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Kayisdagi cad., 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kayisdagi cad., 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Gemici
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kayisdagi cad., 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
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95
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Chen Y, Ma S, Pi D, Wu Y, Zuo Q, Li C, Ouyang M. Luteolin induces pyroptosis in HT-29 cells by activating the Caspase1/Gasdermin D signalling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952587. [PMID: 36105214 PMCID: PMC9464948 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, which is a natural flavonoid, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Numerous studies have proven that luteolin inhibits the growth of many types of cancer cells by promoting apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest in tumour cells. However, in vivo research on this topic has been limited. In addition, other studies have shown that luteolin exerts a good inhibitory effect on apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. While existing studies have not completely elucidated the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we assume that luteolin, which is a natural compound that exerts its effects through various mechanisms, may have the potential to inhibit tumour growth. In our study, we proved that luteolin exerted a good inhibitory effect on the proliferation of colon cancer cells according to CCK8 and EdU fluorescence assays, and the same conclusion was drawn in animal experiments. In addition, we found that luteolin, which is an antioxidant, unexpectedly promoted oxidative stress as shown by measuring the levels of oxidative balance-related indicators, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), SOD, H2O2 and GSH. However, the decreased oxidation of luteolin-treated HT-29 cells after treatment with the active oxygen scavenger NAC did not reverse the inhibition of cell growth. However, the Caspase1 inhibitor VX765 did reverse the inhibition of cell growth. Western blotting analysis showed that luteolin treatment increased the expression of Caspase1, Gasdermin D and IL-1β, which are members of the pyroptosis signalling pathway, in colon cancer cells. We further intuitively observed NLRP3/Gasdermin D colocalization in luteolin-treated HT-29 cells and mouse tumour tissues by immunofluorescence. These results suggest that luteolin inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells through a novel pathway called pyroptosis. This study provides a new direction for the development of natural products that inhibit tumour growth by inducing pyroptosis.
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96
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Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Combined Regimens with Conventional Chemotherapy to Overcome Drug-Resistance. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081948. [PMID: 36009495 PMCID: PMC9406120 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance represents a major clinical problem and one of the biggest limitations of chemotherapeutic regimens in colorectal cancer. Combination regimens using standard chemotherapeutic agents, together with bioactive natural compounds derived from diet or plants, may be one of the most valuable strategies to overcome drug resistance and re-sensitize chemoresistant cells. In this review, we highlight the effect of combined regimens based on conventional chemotherapeutics in conjunction with well-tolerated plant-derived bioactive compounds, mainly curcumin, resveratrol, and EGCG, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms associated with the acquired drug resistance.
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97
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Matuszyk J. MALAT1-miRNAs network regulate thymidylate synthase and affect 5FU-based chemotherapy. Mol Med 2022; 28:89. [PMID: 35922756 PMCID: PMC9351108 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The active metabolite of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), used in the treatment of several types of cancer, acts by inhibiting the thymidylate synthase encoded by the TYMS gene, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in DNA replication. The major failure of 5FU-based cancer therapy is the development of drug resistance. High levels of TYMS-encoded protein in cancerous tissues are predictive of poor response to 5FU treatment. Expression of TYMS is regulated by various mechanisms, including involving non-coding RNAs, both miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Aim To delineate the miRNAs and lncRNAs network regulating the level of TYMS-encoded protein. Main body Several miRNAs targeting TYMS mRNA have been identified in colon cancers, the levels of which can be regulated to varying degrees by lncRNAs. Due to their regulation by the MALAT1 lncRNA, these miRNAs can be divided into three groups: (1) miR-197-3p, miR-203a-3p, miR-375-3p which are downregulated by MALAT1 as confirmed experimentally and the levels of these miRNAs are actually reduced in colon and gastric cancers; (2) miR-140-3p, miR-330-3p that could potentially interact with MALAT1, but not yet supported by experimental results; (3) miR-192-5p, miR-215-5p whose seed sequences do not recognize complementary response elements within MALAT1. Considering the putative MALAT1-miRNAs interaction network, attention is drawn to the potential positive feedback loop causing increased expression of MALAT1 in colon cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, where YAP1 acts as a transcriptional co-factor which, by binding to the TCF4 transcription factor/ β-catenin complex, may increase the activation of the MALAT1 gene whereas the MALAT1 lncRNA can inhibit miR-375-3p which in turn targets YAP1 mRNA. Conclusion The network of non-coding RNAs may reduce the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5FU treatment by upregulating the level of thymidylate synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Matuszyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 R. Weigla Street, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
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98
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Younis NK, Roumieh R, Bassil EP, Ghoubaira JA, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Nanoparticles: attractive tools to treat colorectal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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99
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Li X, Wang N, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wang R. ALDH6A1 weakens the progression of colon cancer via modulating the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in cancer cell lines. Gene X 2022; 842:146757. [PMID: 35907565 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 family member A1 (ALDH6A1) is associated with multiple diseases, but its pathogenesis in colon cancer (CC) is ambiguous and needs further study so that this research explores the function of ALDH6A1 in CC. METHODS The level of ALDH6A1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), CC tissues, and cells was measured by starBase v2.0, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot. Post transfection with overexpressed (oe)-ALDH6A1, cell biological behaviors, as well as apoptosis-, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-, and rat sarcoma virus (RAS)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway-related markers were measured by cell function experiments, qRT-PCR, and western blot. Next, the effects of small interfering RNA targeting ALDH6A1 (si-ALDH6A1) and RAS/RAF inhibitor (MCP110) on cell biological behaviors, as well as apoptosis-, MMP-, and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway-related markers were detected again. RESULTS ALDH6A1 was low-expressed in COAD, CC tissues, and cells . Oe-ALDH6A1 weakened cell vitality, migration and invasionbut facilitated apoptosis; while it reduced expression levels of Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 and the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway-related markers but promoted Bax level. However, the regulation of si-ALDH6A1 on cell biological behaviors and related genes was opposite to that of oe-ALDH6A1. Moreover, MCP110 rescued the regulation of si-ALDH6A1 on cell biological behaviors, expressions of apoptosis- MMP- as well as RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway-related markers. To sum up, ALDH6A1 attenuated CC progression by down-regulating the expressions of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- The Second Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, China
| | - Nan Wang
- The Tenth Department of Proctology Department, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Yidan Liu
- Stomatology Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, China.
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Novoa Díaz MB, Martín MJ, Gentili C. Tumor microenvironment involvement in colorectal cancer progression via Wnt/β-catenin pathway: Providing understanding of the complex mechanisms of chemoresistance. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3027-3046. [PMID: 36051330 PMCID: PMC9331520 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the main causes of death from cancer because patients progress unfavorably due to resistance to current therapies. Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a fundamental role in the genesis and progression of several types of cancer, including CRC. In many subtypes of CRC, hyperactivation of the β-catenin pathway is associated with mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. However, it can also be associated with other causes. In recent years, studies of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have demonstrated its importance in the development and progression of CRC. In this tumor nest, several cell types, structures, and biomolecules interact with neoplastic cells to pave the way for the spread of the disease. Cross-communications between tumor cells and the TME are then established primarily through paracrine factors, which trigger the activation of numerous signaling pathways. Crucial advances in the field of oncology have been made in the last decade. This Minireview aims to actualize what is known about the central role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC chemoresistance and aggressiveness, focusing on cross-communication between CRC cells and the TME. Through this analysis, our main objective was to increase the understanding of this complex disease considering a more global context. Since many treatments for advanced CRC fail due to mechanisms involving chemoresistance, the data here exposed and analyzed are of great interest for the development of novel and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - María Julia Martín
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
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