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相 乐, 区 活, 陈 占, 方 英, 黄 毓, 李 湘, 杨 定. [Expression of Wnt5b in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1071-1077. [PMID: 28801288 PMCID: PMC6765743 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of Wnt5b in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its correlation with the clinicopathological parameters. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining were employed to measure Wnt5b mRNA and protein expressions in two groups of HBV-related HCC patients (100 cases in each) selected from a cohort of 289 cases with HBV-related HCC using simple random sampling method. The correlation of Wnt5b expression with the clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis of HCC patients was analyzed. RESULTS Wnt5b mRNA expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues than that of adjacent noncancerous tissues in 65.0% (65/100) of the cases, and the positivity rate of Wnt5b protein was significantly higher in HCC tissues than that of adjacent noncancerous tissues (58.0% vs 22.0%, P<0.05). Wnt5b expression was significantly correlated with the tumor size (P<0.05), tumor number (P<0.01, only at the protein level), tumor differentiation (P<0.01, only at the protein level), TNM stage (P<0.05), BCLC stage (P<0.05), metastasis (P<0.05) and recurrence (P<0.01). The patients with up-regulated Wnt5b mRNA and protein had a shorter relapse-free survival (P<0.01). CONCLUSION s Up-regulated Wnt5b might contribute to the progression of HBV-related HCC and predicts a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 乐阳 相
- 南方医科大学南方医院, 肝胆外科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 活辉 区
- 南方医科大学南方医院, 肝胆外科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 占军 陈
- 南方医科大学南方医院, 肝胆外科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 英豪 方
- 南方医科大学南方医院, 肝胆外科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 毓 黄
- 南方医科大学南方医院, 检验科,广东 广州 510515Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 湘竑 李
- 南方医科大学南方医院, 肝胆外科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 定华 杨
- 南方医科大学南方医院, 肝胆外科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Wu L, Pang S, Yao Q, Jian C, Lin P, Feng F, Li H, Li Y. Population-based study of effectiveness of neoadjuvant radiotherapy on survival in US rectal cancer patients according to age. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3471. [PMID: 28615639 PMCID: PMC5471198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cancer researches pay more attention to younger patients due to the variable treatment response among different age groups. Here we investigated the effectiveness of neoadjuvant radiation on the survival of younger and older patients in stage II/III rectal cancer. Data was obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (n = 12801). Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline covariates according to the status of neoadjuvant radiation. Our results showed that neoadjuvant radiation had better survival benefit (Log-rank P = 3.25e-06) and improved cancer-specific 3-year (87.6%; 95% CI: 86.4–88.7% vs. 84.1%; 95% CI: 82.8–85.3%) and 5-year survival rates (78.1%; 95% CI: 76.2–80.1% vs. 77%; 95% CI: 75.3–78.8%). In older groups (>50), neoadjuvant radiation was associated with survival benefits in stage II (HR: 0.741; 95% CI: 0.599–0.916; P = 5.80e-3) and stage III (HR: 0.656; 95% CI 0.564–0.764; P = 5.26e-08). Interestingly, neoadjuvant radiation did not increase survival rate in younger patients (< = 50) both in stage II (HR: 2.014; 95% CI: 0.9032–4.490; P = 0.087) and stage III (HR: 1.168; 95% CI: 0.829–1.646; P = 0.372). Additionally, neoadjuvant radiation significantly decreased the cancer-specific mortality in older patients, but increased mortality in younger patients. Our results provided new insights on the neoadjuvant radiation in rectal cancer, especially for the younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shichao Pang
- Department of Statistics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qianlan Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Songjiang District, 201600, shanghai, China
| | - Ping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fangyoumin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yixue Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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53
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Ritter C, Fan K, Paschen A, Reker Hardrup S, Ferrone S, Nghiem P, Ugurel S, Schrama D, Becker JC. Epigenetic priming restores the HLA class-I antigen processing machinery expression in Merkel cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2290. [PMID: 28536458 PMCID: PMC5442125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive, yet highly immunogenic skin cancer. The latter is due to its viral or UV-associated carcinogenesis. For tumor progression MCC has to escape the host’s immuno-surveillance, e.g. by loss of HLA class-I expression. Indeed, a reduced HLA class-I expression was observed in MCC tumor tissues and MCC cell lines. This reduced HLA class-I surface expression is caused by an impaired expression of key components of the antigen processing machinery (APM), including LMP2 and LMP7 as well as TAP1 and TAP2. Notably, experimental provisions of HLA class-I binding peptides restored HLA class-I surface expression on MCC cells. Silencing of the HLA class-I APM is due to histone deacetylation as inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) not only induced acetylation of histones in the respective promoter regions but also re-expression of APM components. Thus, HDAC inhibition restored HLA class-I surface expression in vitro and in a mouse xenotransplantation model. In contrast to re-induction of HLA class-I by interferons, HDAC inhibitors did not interfere with the expression of immuno-dominant viral proteins. In summary, restoration of HLA class-I expression on MCC cells by epigenetic priming is an attractive approach to enhance therapies boosting adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Ritter
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaiji Fan
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sine Reker Hardrup
- Department of Immunology and Vaccinology, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Zhang XM, Sun MW, Shi H, Lu CH. α-pyrone derivatives from a marine actinomycete Nocardiopsis sp. YIM M13066. Nat Prod Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1299730 pmid: 28281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhang XM, Sun MW, Shi H, Lu CH. α-pyrone derivatives from a marine actinomycete Nocardiopsis sp. YIM M13066. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2245-2249. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1299730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Lee JH, Song S, Yoon SY, Lim CS, Song JW, Kim HS. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio as diagnostic markers for pneumonia severity. Br J Biomed Sci 2017; 73:140-142. [PMID: 27723441 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2016.1209898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Han Lee
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Osan Hankook General Hospital , Osan , Korea
| | - Sungwook Song
- b Daejeon-Sejong-Chungnam Blood Center, Korean Red Cross , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Soo-Young Yoon
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine , Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Song
- d Department of Laboratory Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyon-Suk Kim
- d Department of Laboratory Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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Kothapalli R, Sivaraman Siveen K, Tan TZ, Thiery JP, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Swaminathan K. Functional characterization of selective exosite-binding inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) – experimental validation in human breast and colon cancer. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2122-2131. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1200456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Considering the pathological significance of MMP-13 in breast and colon cancers, exosite-based inhibition of the C-terminal hemopexin (Hpx) domain could serve as an alternative strategy to develop selective inhibitors for MMP-13.Two of six lead compounds, compound 5 (2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-5-carboxylic acid) and compound 6 (1-acetyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid) exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against MMP-13. Complementing to this study, we have also shown the gene expression levels of MMP-13 within the subtypes of colon and breast cancers classified from patients’ tissue samples to provide a better understanding on which subtype of breast cancer patients would get benefited by MMP-13 inhibitors.Our current results show that compounds 5 and 6 could effectively inhibit MMP-13 and provide specific therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancers. The characterization of these lead compounds would provide a better mechanistic understanding of exosite-based inhibition of MMP-13, which could overcome the challenges in the identification of other MMP catalytic domain-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Kothapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Proteos 6-03, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Ben Kridis W, Sahnoun M, Maraoui H, Amari N, Frikha M. Fracture at catheter of totally implantable venous access port with migration into the right pulmonary artery: A serious complication. Acta Clin Belg 2016; 71:349-352. [PMID: 27177614 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2016.1153212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Totally implantable venous access port has become an essential prerequisite for many chemotherapy protocols in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. However, we should be aware of its complications such as: venous thrombosis, extravasations, dislocation, obstruction, catheter leakage, and local or systemic infections. Among those complications, a dislodged broken catheter is rare and dangerous. We report a new case with review of literature to make oncologists aware about this entity and the necessity of monitoring by chest radiography. Percutaneous endovascular retrieval of a dislodged Port-A catheter (portacath) is both safe and effective. However, there are potential risks of valve damage and fatal tachycardia during retrieval of a fractured Port-A catheter. Physicians should be aware of these complications.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric and oesophageal cancers are a pressing global health problem with high mortality rates and poor outcomes for advanced disease. The mainstay of treatment in the palliative setting has traditionally been chemotherapy, which accrues only modest survival benefits. As with other cancer types, there is increasing interest in the use of immunotherapy approaches to improve outcomes. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the aetiological and genetic characteristics of oesophagogastric (OG) cancers relevant to the application of immunotherapy and outlines the historical, present-day and potential future applications of immunotherapy in their management. EXPERT OPINION The use of agents targeting the PD1 pathway have led to impressive and durable responses in a minority of OG cancer patients and it would be expected that combinatorial approaches with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other biological agents will improve responses further. Identification of clinically robust biomarkers is crucial in refining such approaches moving forwards. The application of modern sequencing technology to the development of personalized neoantigen-based vaccines represents an exciting amalgamation of genomics and immunotherapy, with potentially important clinical implications in OG cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Davidson
- a The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Gastro-Intestinal Cancer Research Department , London , United Kingdom
| | - Ian Chau
- a The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust , Gastro-Intestinal Cancer Research Department , London , United Kingdom
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Wang Y, Miao JW, Wang T, Wang Y, Wu YM, Kong WM, Su L, Duan W. Comparison of MACT and 5Fu+ACT-D chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. J Chemother 2016; 28:135-9. [PMID: 27105436 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2015.1136778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to compare the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) cervical injections + actinomycin-D (ACT-D)(MACT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) + actinomycin-D (5-Fu plus ACT-D) chemotherapy regimens for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (LR-GTN). Clinical data from 66 LR-GTN patients, admitted to the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January 2010 to April 2012, were analysed retrospectively. In total, 32 patients were treated with a MACT therapeutic regimen and the remaining 34 with a 5Fu + ACT-D therapeutic regimen. Complete remission rates (CR), duration of treatment, hospital stay and toxicity effects were compared. There was no statistical difference in CR for the MACT (90.63%) or the 5-Fu plus ACT-D (100%) therapeutic regimens (p = 0.0676) or in the duration of treatment [MACT (3.50) or 5-Fu plus ACT-D (3.71; p = 0.2021)]. Moreover, the hospital stay in the 5-Fu plus ACT-D group (32.88 days) was significantly longer than for the MACT group (22.09 days; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the degree of myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis and alopecia was more severe in the 5Fu + ACT-D group (p < 0.01). However, there was no statistical difference in the severity of liver function damage between the two groups. A shorter hospital stay, lower hospitalization cost and slightly more toxic effects were observed in LR-GTN patients treated with the MACT therapeutic regimen. We suggest that the MACT regimen should be used as first-line chemotherapy for LR-GTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- a Department of Oncology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Jin-Wei Miao
- a Department of Oncology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Tong Wang
- a Department of Oncology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yan Wang
- a Department of Oncology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- a Department of Oncology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Wei-Min Kong
- a Department of Oncology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Li Su
- a Department of Oncology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Duan
- a Department of Oncology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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Berer T, Leiss-Holzinger E, Hochreiner A, Bauer-Marschallinger J, Buchsbaum A. Multimodal noncontact photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography imaging using wavelength-division multiplexing. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:46013. [PMID: 25919425 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.4.046013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present multimodal noncontact photoacoustic (PA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. PA signals are acquired remotely on the surface of a specimen with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interferometer is realized in a fiber-optic network using a fiber laser at 1550 nm as the source. In the same fiber-optic network, a spectral-domain OCT system is implemented. The OCT system utilizes a supercontinuum light source at 1310 nm and a spectrometer with an InGaAs line array detector. Light from the fiber laser and the OCT source is multiplexed into one fiber using a wavelength-division multiplexer; the same objective is used for both imaging modalities. Reflected light is spectrally demultiplexed and guided to the respective imaging systems. We demonstrate two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging on a tissue-mimicking sample and a chicken skin phantom. The same fiber network and same optical components are used for PA and OCT imaging, and the obtained images are intrinsically coregistered.
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Simone CB, Cengel KA. Definitive surgery and intraoperative photodynamic therapy: a prospective study of local control and survival for patients with pleural dissemination of non-small cell lung cancer. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2014; 8931. [PMID: 27594732 DOI: 10.1117/12.2046679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with pleural dissemination have very limited survivals often of just 6-9 months. Prior reports of aggressive surgical resection of pleural metastases have shown no consistent improvements in overall survival and very high rates of local recurrences. Based on this and the generally very diffuse pleural dissemination seen in patients, chemotherapy and palliative interventions are standard of care. By attempting to sterile microscopic residual disease after surgical resection, intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) could improve local pleural control and overall survival compared with surgery alone for patients with NSCLC with pleural metastasis. Prior attempts to demonstrate an improvement in clinical outcomes with PDT as an intraoperative adjuvant combined with definitive surgery to treat pleural malignancies have not been successful, perhaps due, in part, to limited ability to perform real-time dosimetry and ensure adequate and even light distribution throughout the chest cavity. A stratified phase II trial assessed the efficacy of definitive surgery and intraoperative PDT with real-time dosimetry in patients with NSCLC with pleural dissemination demonstrated prolonged local control and a higher than expected 21.7-month median survival from the time of surgery and PDT among 22 enrolled patients. This is the first ever report describing optimal methods, techniques, and dosimetry that could be used to safely and reproducibly deliver intraoperative PDT to the chest cavity as part of multimodality therapy for NSCLC with pleural metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keith A Cengel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ctvrtlik F, Koranda P, Tichy T. Adrenal disease: a clinical update and overview of imaging. A review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014; 158:23-34. [PMID: 24621966 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2014.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the most frequent clinically significant adrenal diseases and to describe the latest trends in their diagnostics, particularly by means of imaging techniques. METHODS The authors reviewed standard textbooks and subsequently conducted a search using the PubMed (Public/Publisher MEDLINE) electronic database by the year 2013 with the following search terms: adrenal masses, adrenal adenoma, phaeochromocytoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, metastases, incidentalomas, hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism. RESULTS If adrenal disease is clinically suspected, hormone tests are performed to detect adrenal hyperfunction and imaging studies are used to assess the nature of adrenal lesion. The most frequent syndromes include hypercortisolism, primary hyperaldosteronism, and phaeochromocytoma. The clinically most significant pathologies of the adrenal glands are adenomas and adrenal hyperplasia, adrenocortical carcinomas, phaeochromocytomas, and metastases. Given the availability and improved quality of imaging techniques, adrenal incidentalomas are detected increasingly often. In these cases, it is necessary to rule out hormonal activity and malignancy. Incidentalomas can be associated with clinical syndromes of adrenal hormone overproduction. In most cases, they are clinically silent. In some cases, the definitive diagnosis can be determined as early as during the initial examination with an imaging technique (most frequently, a CT scan). If the finding is inconsistent, other imaging techniques can be used: CT contrast washout analysis, MRI, SPECT or PET/CT. CONCLUSION In the case of adrenal gland disorders, correct interpretation of the results of laboratory tests and imaging studies is essential for further management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ctvrtlik
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Macchi EG, Tosi D, Braschi G, Gallati M, Cigada A, Busca G, Lewis E. Optical fiber sensors-based temperature distribution measurement in ex vivo radiofrequency ablation with submillimeter resolution. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:117004. [PMID: 25388811 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.11.117004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFTA) induces a high-temperature field in a biological tissue having steep spatial (up to 6°C∕mm) and temporal (up to 1°C∕s) gradients. Applied in cancer care, RFTA produces a localized heating, cytotoxic for tumor cells, and is able to treat tumors with sizes up to 3 to 5 cm in diameter. The online measurement of temperature distribution at the RFTA point of care has been previously carried out with miniature thermocouples and optical fiber sensors, which exhibit problems of size, alteration of RFTA pattern, hysteresis, and sensor density worse than 1 sensor∕cm. In this work, we apply a distributed temperature sensor (DTS) with a submillimeter spatial resolution for the monitoring of RFTA in porcine liver tissue. The DTS demodulates the chaotic Rayleigh backscattering pattern with an interferometric setup to obtain the real-time temperature distribution. A measurement chamber has been set up with the fiber crossing the tissue along different diameters. Several experiments have been carried out measuring the space-time evolution of temperature during RFTA. The present work showcases the temperature monitoring in RFTA with an unprecedented spatial resolution and is exportable to in vivo measurement; the acquired data can be particularly useful for the validation of RFTA computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Gino Macchi
- Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Architettura, via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia (PV), Italy
| | - Daniele Tosi
- University of Limerick, Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Plassey House, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Giovanni Braschi
- Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Architettura, via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia (PV), Italy
| | - Mario Gallati
- Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Architettura, via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia (PV), Italy
| | - Alfredo Cigada
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Meccanica, via La Masa 34, 20158 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Giorgio Busca
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Meccanica, via La Masa 34, 20158 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Elfed Lewis
- University of Limerick, Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, Plassey House, Limerick, Ireland
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Payne A, Merrill R, Minalga E, Vyas U, de Bever J, Todd N, Hadley R, Dumont E, Neumayer L, Christensen D, Roemer R, Parker D. Design and characterization of a laterally mounted phased-array transducer breast-specific MRgHIFU device with integrated 11-channel receiver array. Med Phys 2013; 39:1552-60. [PMID: 22380387 DOI: 10.1118/1.3685576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This work presents the design and preliminary evaluation of a new laterally mounted phased-array MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) system with an integrated 11-channel phased-array radio frequency (RF) coil intended for breast cancer treatment. The design goals for the system included the ability to treat the majority of tumor locations, to increase the MR image's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) throughout the treatment volume and to provide adequate comfort for the patient. METHODS In order to treat the majority of the breast volume, the device was designed such that the treated breast is suspended in a 17-cm diameter treatment cylinder. A laterally shooting 1-MHz, 256-element phased-array ultrasound transducer with flexible positioning is mounted outside the treatment cylinder. This configuration achieves a reduced water volume to minimize RF coil loading effects, to position the coils closer to the breast for increased signal sensitivity, and to reduce the MR image noise associated with using water as the coupling fluid. This design uses an 11-channel phased-array RF coil that is placed on the outer surface of the cylinder surrounding the breast. Mechanical positioning of the transducer and electronic steering of the focal spot enable placement of the ultrasound focus at arbitrary locations throughout the suspended breast. The treatment platform allows the patient to lie prone in a face-down position. The system was tested for comfort with 18 normal volunteers and SNR capabilities in one normal volunteer and for heating accuracy and stability in homogeneous phantom and inhomogeneous ex vivo porcine tissue. RESULTS There was a 61% increase in mean relative SNR achieved in a homogeneous phantom using the 11-channel RF coil when compared to using only a single-loop coil around the chest wall. The repeatability of the system's energy delivery in a single location was excellent, with less than 3% variability between repeated temperature measurements at the same location. The execution of a continuously sonicated, predefined 48-point, 8-min trajectory path resulted in an ablation volume of 8.17 cm(3), with one standard deviation of 0.35 cm(3) between inhomogeneous ex vivo tissue samples. Comfort testing resulted in negligible side effects for all volunteers. CONCLUSIONS The initial results suggest that this new device will potentially be suitable for MRgHIFU treatment in a wide range of breast sizes and tumor locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Payne
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Pink R, Molitor M, Ehrmann J, Tvrdy P, Michl P, Pazdera J. Merkel cell carcinoma. Case report. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 158:158-60. [PMID: 23073525 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare aggressive skin tumour affecting mainly older and immuno suppressed individuals (see our review on MCC in this volume). AIM This is a case report describing our first experience with Merkel cell carcinoma in an elderly woman on chemo therapy for lymphoma and it covers the diagnosis, treatment and outcome. METHODS We did a radical excision of the soft tissue in the tumor area in conjunction with total paroditectomy and resection of the body of the zygomatic bone by radical block neck dissection. The skin defect was reconstructed myocutaneous free flap by a plastic surgeon. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION At 12 months follow-up, the MCC had not recurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
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[Advance of prophylactic cranial irradiation in lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2012; 15:553-7. [PMID: 22989459 PMCID: PMC5999863 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2012.09.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chung SH, Yu H, Su MY, Cerussi AE, Tromberg BJ. Molecular imaging of water binding state and diffusion in breast cancer using diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffusion weighted MRI. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:071304. [PMID: 22894465 PMCID: PMC3381027 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.071304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue water content and molecular microenvironment can provide important intrinsic contrast for cancer imaging. In this work, we examine the relationship between water optical spectroscopic features related to binding state and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured water diffusion dynamics. Broadband diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI) and MR images were obtained from eight patients with locally-advanced infiltrating ductal carcinomas (tumor size=5.5 ± 3.2 cm). A DOSI-derived bound water index (BWI) was compared to the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of diffusion weighted (DW) MRI. BWI and ADC were positively correlated (R=0.90, p-value=0.003) and BWI and ADC both decreased as the bulk water content increased (R=-0.81 and -0.89, respectively). BWI correlated inversely with tumor size (R=-0.85, p-value=0.008). Our results suggest underlying sensitivity differences between BWI and ADC to water in different tissue compartments (e.g., extracellular vs cellular). These data highlight the potential complementary role of DOSI and DW-MRI in providing detailed information on the molecular disposition of water in breast tumors. Because DOSI is a portable technology that can be used at the bedside, BWI may provide a low-cost measure of tissue water properties related to breast cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Chung
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396
- Address all correspondence to: So Hyun Chung, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396. Tel: +215-898-6833; Fax: +215-573-6391; E-mail:
| | - Hon Yu
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Radiological Sciences and Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco Imaging, 164 Irvine Hall, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Min-Ying Su
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Radiological Sciences and Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco Imaging, 164 Irvine Hall, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Albert E. Cerussi
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612
| | - Bruce J. Tromberg
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, California 92612
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Buchler T, Pavlik T, Bortlicek Z, Poprach A, Vyzula R, Abrahamova J, Melichar B. Objective response and time to progression on sequential treatment with sunitinib and sorafenib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:81-92. [PMID: 22752573 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are often treated sequentially with targeted agents, although the optimal strategy is not known. A retrospective, registry-based study has been carried out to assess correlation between clinical response and progression-free survival in patients with mRCC treated sequentially with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sunitinib and sorafenib. Data on 218 mRCC patients treated with sunitinib and sorafenib who completed therapy with both TKIs were obtained from a database of mRCC patients. Standard nonparametric methods were used to assess correlation between response, PFS and length of treatment on the two agents. A strong correlation between responses to first- versus second TKI was observed (p < 0.001). No significant association was noted between the duration of therapy with the two TKIs (p = 0.056), although there was a weak statistically significant correlation between progression-free survival times in the subgroup patients who discontinued treatment because of disease progression. In conclusion, the duration of response on first TKI is of limited value in selecting mRCC patients for sequential TKI therapy. There is a strong correlation between the types of tumour response on the first- versus the second TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Thomayer Hospital and Charles University, Videnska 800, 140 59, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Pink R, Ehrmann J, Molitor M, Tvrdy P, Michl P, Pazdera J, Hanuliak J. Merkel cell carcinoma. A review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:213-7. [PMID: 23069886 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare potentially fatal skin tumour affecting older mainly white people and younger immunosuppressed individuals. While uncommon, the incidence is increasing relative to melanoma and with twice the lethality. The benign appearance of the tumour usually on exposed skin parts, contrasting with its extensive microscopic invasion, can delay timely diagnosis. Recurrent MCC is currently attributed to the recently discovered Merkel cell polyomavirus This brief review of MCC covers the history, epidemiology,etiology,clinical and histological features, treatment and prognosis. METHODS Literature search using PubMed and search words Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), etiology, treatment for the years 1972 to 2010. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy with uncertain prognosis. Due to the uncommon occurrence and dearth of randomized studies, there is no agreement on optimal treatment. The tumor has only recently been included in the international classification of tumors (NCCN). The treatment approaches found to be best are radical surgery of primary tumor, drainage of lymph node extension and possibly adjuvant loco-regional radiotherapy. The basis of successful treatment however, remains prevention regular dermatological examination in immunosuppressed patients and early initiation of combination therapy, based on radical surgery supplemented by radiotherapy and palliative chemotherapy in the last resort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Lin B, Urayama S, Saroufeem RMG, Matthews DL, Demos SG. Establishment of rules for interpreting ultraviolet autofluorescence microscopy images for noninvasive detection of Barrett's esophagus and dysplasia. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:016013. [PMID: 22352663 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.1.016013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic potential of autofluorescence (AF) microscopy under ultraviolet (UV) excitation is explored using ex vivo human specimens. The aim is to establish optical patterns (the rules for interpretation) that correspond to normal and abnormal histologies of the esophagus, spanning from early benign modifications (Barrett's esophagus) to subsequent dysplastic change and progression toward carcinoma. This was achieved by developing an image library categorized by disease progression. We considered morphological changes of disease as they are compared with histological diagnosis of the pathological specimen, as well as control samples of normal esophagus, proximal stomach, and small intestine tissue. Our experimental results indicate that UV AF microscopy could provide real-time histological information for visualizing changes in tissue microstructure that are currently undetectable using conventional endoscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevin Lin
- University of California, Davis, NSF Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology, 4800 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
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Lamont EB, Christakis NA. Complexities in prognostication in advanced cancer: "to help them live their lives the way they want to". JAMA 2003; 290:98-104. [PMID: 12837717 DOI: 10.1001/jama.290.1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Predicting survival and disclosing the prediction to patients with advanced disease, particularly cancer, is among the most difficult tasks that physicians face. With the de-emphasis of prognosis in favor of diagnosis and therapeutics in the medical literature, physicians may have difficulty finding the survival information they need to make appropriate estimates of survival for patients who develop cancer. Quite separate from the challenge of estimating survival accurately, physicians may also find the process of disclosing the prognosis to their patients difficult. Using the vignette of a real patient with advanced cancer who far outlived her physician's prognostic estimate, we discuss clinical issues related to the science of prognosis in advanced cancer and the art of its disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Lamont
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Burtner DD, Goodman M. Traumatic neuroma of the nose. ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1977; 103:108-9. [PMID: 836227 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1977.00780190088012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of a traumatic neuroma of the nose. It was an unusual site for two distinct types of tissue response to skin and soft trauma that exceeded the reparative needs of the body. In the first instance, a small cutaneous nerve was sectioned, and its inability to establish continuity distally resulted in a neuroma. In the second instance, the excision site of the neuroma was reinjured, and an abnormal connective tissue response occurred, resulting in a hypertrophic scar or keloid. Both were treated similarly with excision, and ultimately with local steroid injection with satisfactory results.
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