51
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Higashibayashi S, Pandit P, Haruki R, Adachi SI, Kumai R. Redox-Dependent Transformation of a Hydrazinobuckybowl between Curved and Planar Geometries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Palash Pandit
- Institute for Molecular Science; Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
| | - Rie Haruki
- Photon Factory; Institute of Materials Structure Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory; Institute of Materials Structure Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Photon Factory; Institute of Materials Structure Science; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Tsukuba 305-0801 Japan
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52
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Liu J, Osella S, Ma J, Berger R, Beljonne D, Schollmeyer D, Feng X, Müllen K. Fused Dibenzo[a,m]rubicene: A New Bowl-Shaped Subunit of C70 Containing Two Pentagons. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8364-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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53
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Stöckl QS, Hsieh YC, Mairena A, Wu YT, Ernst KH. Aggregation of C70-Fragment Buckybowls on Surfaces: π–H and π–π Bonding in Bowl Up-Side-Down Ensembles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6111-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quirin S. Stöckl
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ya-Chu Hsieh
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Anaïs Mairena
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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54
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Yamaguchi M, Higuchi M, Tazawa K, Manabe K. Three-Step Synthesis of Fluoranthenes through Pd-Catalyzed Inter- and Intramolecular C-H Arylation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3967-74. [PMID: 27045332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A three-step synthetic method for the preparation of fluoranthenes, involving Miura's intermolecular C-H arylation, nonaflation, and intramolecular C-H arylation, has been developed. Various 1-naphthols and haloarenes were successfully used as substrates. Reaction conditions that afford high site selectivity have been developed for the intramolecular C-H arylation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Yamaguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mayu Higuchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kanae Tazawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kei Manabe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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55
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Liu Y, Singharoy A, Mayne CG, Sengupta A, Raghavachari K, Schulten K, Flood AH. Flexibility Coexists with Shape-Persistence in Cyanostar Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4843-4851. [PMID: 27014837 PMCID: PMC4957974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shape-persistent macrocycles are attractive functional targets for synthesis, molecular recognition, and hierarchical self-assembly. Such macrocycles are noncollapsible and geometrically well-defined, and they are traditionally characterized by having repeat units and low conformational flexibility. Here, we find it necessary to refine these ideas in the face of highly flexible yet shape-persistent macrocycles. A molecule is shape-persistent if it has a small change in shape when perturbed by external stimuli (e.g., heat, light, and redox chemistry). In support of this idea, we provide the first examination of the relationships between a macrocycle's shape persistence, its conformational space, and the resulting functions. We do this with a star-shaped macrocycle called cyanostar that is flexible as well as being shape-persistent. We employed molecular dynamics (MD), density functional theory (DFT), and NMR experiments. Considering a thermal bath as a stimulus, we found a single macrocycle has 332 accessible conformers with olefins undergoing rapid interconversion by up-down and in-out motions on short time scales (0.2 ns). These many interconverting conformations classify single cyanostars as flexible. To determine and confirm that cyanostars are shape-persistent, we show that they have a high 87% shape similarity across these conformations. To further test the idea, we use the binding of diglyme to the single macrocycle as guest-induced stimulation. This guest has almost no effect on the conformational space. However, formation of a 2:1 sandwich complex involving two macrocycles enhances rigidity and dramatically shifts the conformer distribution toward perfect bowls. Overall, the present study expands the scope of shape-persistent macrocycles to include flexible macrocycles if, and only if, their conformers have similar shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Abhishek Singharoy
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Arkajyoti Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Klaus Schulten
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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56
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Zhang G, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Fused π-Extended Truxenes via a Threefold Borylation as the Key Step. Chemistry 2016; 22:3084-93. [PMID: 26833764 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a threefold borylated truxene, which is accessible in high yields by iridium-catalyzed borylation under CH-activation, fused π-extended truxenes have been synthesized by a two-step method of first Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and subsequent condensation reaction. The mild condensation method tolerates the presence of a variety of functional groups, such as nitro, fluoro, or carboxyl moieties. Furthermore, by using this approach, N- and S-heteroarene analogues become accessible for the first time, as well as larger structures that represent derivatives of precursors for fullerene C60 or buckybowls. The attached tert-butyl groups make all derivatives sufficiently soluble to allow full spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations. Postfunctionalization of selected derivatives for further synthetic applications of the compounds is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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57
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Josa D, Rodríguez-Otero J, Cabaleiro-Lago EM. Fullerene recognition with molecular tweezers made up of efficient buckybowls: a dispersion-corrected DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13206-14. [PMID: 25805299 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, Sygula and co-workers introduced a novel type of molecular tweezers with buckybowl pincers that have attracted the substantial interest of researchers due to their ideal architecture for recognizing fullerenes by concave-convex π∙∙∙π interactions (A. Sygula et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 3842). Although in recent years some modifications have been performed on these original molecular tweezers to improve their ability for catching fullerenes, very few improvements were achieved to date. For that reason, in the present work a series of molecular tweezers have been devised and their supramolecular complexes with C60 studied at the B97-D2/TZVP//SCC-DFTB-D and B97-D2/TZVP levels. Three different strategies have been tested: (1) changing the corannulene pincers to other buckybowls, (2) replacing the tetrabenzocyclooctatetraene tether by a buckybowl, and (3) adding methyl groups on the molecular tweezers. According to the results, all the three approaches are effective, in such a way that a combination of the three strategies results in buckycatchers with complexation energies (with C60) up to 2.6 times larger than that of the original buckycatcher, reaching almost -100 kcal mol(-1). The B97-D2/TZVP//SCC-DFTB-D approach can be a rapid screening tool for testing new molecular tweezers. However, since this approach does not reproduce correctly the deformation energy and this energy represents an important contribution to the total complexation energy of complexes, subsequent higher-level re-optimization is compulsory to achieve reliable results (the full B97-D2/TZVP level is used herein). This re-optimization could be superfluous when quite rigid buckycatchers are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Josa
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química, Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente, s/n 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
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58
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Amaya T, Ito T, Hirao T. Construction of a hemifullerene skeleton: a regioselective intramolecular oxidative cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5483-7. [PMID: 25757861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A two-step synthesis of a strained π bowl, with hemifullerene skeleton from sumanene, was achieved in a high yield. The first step is a base-promoted condensation reaction with a benzophenone compound, bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)methanone. The second step is the regioselective intramolecular oxidative cyclization, which is a key reaction for the hemifullerene skeleton synthesis. This regioselective cyclization is likely to be under thermodynamic control. This strategy will allow facile synthesis of various highly strained π bowls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871(Japan).
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59
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Amaya T, Ito T, Hirao T. Construction of a Hemifullerene Skeleton: A Regioselective Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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60
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Nishiuchi T, Iyoda M. Bent π-conjugated systems composed of three-dimensional benzoannulenes. CHEM REC 2015; 15:329-46. [PMID: 25612235 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes bent π-conjugated systems composed of alternating o-phenylene and Z-vinylene units. all-Z-[n]Benzo[4n]annulenes are higher homologues of dibenzocyclooctatetraene (DBCOT) with a concave π system, and attempts were made to convert [20]- and [24]annulenes having partial belt structures of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes into [10]- and [12]phenacenes. A bent π-conjugated system composed of two DBCOT units showed dynamic syn-anti equilibrium in solution and behaved as dynamic molecular tweezers (DMTs). The syn isomers of the DMTs formed blue charge-transfer complexes with DDQ in solution, and this complexation and color change were applied to thermochromism. Furthermore, DMTs having two CN groups on each COT ring exhibited crystalline-state emission in the presence of solvent molecules, although almost no emission was observed in solution or the solid state. Based on this crystalline-state emission, a vapochromic system was established. The multifunctional properties of DMTs caused by the flexibility of the nonplanar π system are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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61
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Josa D, González-Veloso I, Rodríguez-Otero J, Cabaleiro-Lago EM. Tailoring buckybowls for fullerene recognition. A dispersion-corrected DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6233-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The shape of a buckybowl plays a fundamental role in the enhancement of fullerene recognition. Compounds whose structure possesses flaps at the rim of the bowl show an enhanced ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Josa
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Iván González-Veloso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Otero
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Rúa Jenaro de la Fuente
- Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Enrique M. Cabaleiro-Lago
- Departamento de Química Física
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Campus de Lugo
- Av. Alfonso X El Sabio
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62
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Hirose T, Tsunoi Y, Fujimori Y, Matsuda K. Fluorescence Enhancement of Covalently Linked 1-Cyano-1,2-diphenylethene Chromophores with Naphthalene-1,8-diyl Linker Units: Analysis Based on Kinetic Constants. Chemistry 2014; 21:1637-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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63
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Feng CN, Hsieh YC, Wu YT. Metal-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: Useful Synthetic Tools for the Preparation of Polycyclic Arenes. CHEM REC 2014; 15:266-79. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ning Feng
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd. 70101 Tainan (Taiwan)
| | - Ya-Chu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd. 70101 Tainan (Taiwan)
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd. 70101 Tainan (Taiwan)
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64
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Nishiuchi T, Iyoda M. Bent π-Conjugated System Composed of Two Dibenzocyclooctatetraene Units: Multifunctional Properties of Dynamic Molecular Tweezers in Solution and the Solid State. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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65
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Yang X, Liu D, Miao Q. Heptagon-Embedded Pentacene: Synthesis, Structures, and Thin-Film Transistors of Dibenzo[d,d′]benzo[1,2-a:4,5-a′]dicycloheptenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6786-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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66
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Yang X, Liu D, Miao Q. Heptagon-Embedded Pentacene: Synthesis, Structures, and Thin-Film Transistors of Dibenzo[d,d′]benzo[1,2-a:4,5-a′]dicycloheptenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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67
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Saito N, Terakawa R, Yamaguchi M. Synthesis, π-face-selective aggregation, and π-face chiral recognition of configurationally stable C(3)-symmetric propeller-chiral molecules with a π-core. Chemistry 2014; 20:5601-7. [PMID: 24737294 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The C3 -symmetric propeller-chiral compounds (P,P,P)-1 and (M,M,M)-1 with planar π-cores perpendicular to the C3 -axis were synthesized in optically pure states. (P,P,P)-1 possesses two distinguishable propeller-chiral π-faces with rims of different heights named the (P/L)-face and (P/H)-face. Each face is configurationally stable because of the rigid structure of the helicenes contained in the π-core. (P,P,P)-1 formed dimeric aggregates in organic solutions as indicated by the results of (1) H NMR, CD, and UV/Vis spectroscopy and vapor pressure osmometry analyses. The (P/L)/(P/L) interactions were observed in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray analysis, and they were also predominant over the (P/H)/(P/H) and (P/L)/(P/H) interactions in solution, as indicated by the results of (1) H and 2D NMR spectroscopy analyses. The dimerization constant was obtained for a racemic mixture, which showed that the heterochiral (P,P,P)-1/(M,M,M)-1 interactions were much weaker than the homochiral (P,P,P)-1/(P,P,P)-1 interactions. The results indicated that the propeller-chiral (P/L)-face interacts with the (P/L)-face more strongly than with the (P/H)-face, (M/L)-face, and (M/H)-face. The study showed the π-face-selective aggregation and π-face chiral recognition of the configurationally stable propeller-chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Saito
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 22-795-6811; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 (Japan)
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68
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Jin T, Zhao J, Asao N, Yamamoto Y. Metal-catalyzed annulation reactions for π-conjugated polycycles. Chemistry 2014; 20:3554-76. [PMID: 24591267 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The progress of the metal-catalyzed annulation reactions toward construction of various π-conjugated polycyclic cores with high conjugation extension is described. This article gives a brief overview of various annulation reactions promoted by metal catalysts including C-H bond functionalization, [2+2+2] cycloaddition, cascade processes, ring closing metathesis, electrophilic aromatization, and various cross-coupling reactions. A variety of conjugated polycycles with planar, bowl-shaped, and helical structures have been constructed in high efficiency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienan Jin
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 (Japan).
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69
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Miller RW, Duncan AK, Schneebeli ST, Gray DL, Whalley AC. Synthesis and structural data of tetrabenzo[8]circulene. Chemistry 2014; 20:3705-11. [PMID: 24615957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In 1976, the first attempted synthesis of the saddle-shaped molecule [8]circulene was reported. The next 37 years produced no advancement towards the construction of this complicated molecule. But remarkably, over the last six months, a flurry of progress has been made with two groups reporting independent and strikingly different strategies for the synthesis of [8]circulene derivatives. Herein, we present a third synthetic method, in which we target tetrabenzo[8]circulene. Our approach employs a Diels-Alder reaction and a palladium-catalyzed arylation reaction as the key steps. Despite calculations describing the instability of [8]circulene, coupled with the reported instability of synthesized derivatives of the parent molecule, the addition of four fused benzenoid rings around the periphery of the molecule provides a highly stable structure. This increased stability over the parent [8]circulene was predicted by using Clar's theory of aromatic sextets and is a result of the compound becoming fully benzenoid upon incorporation of these additional rings. The synthesized compound exhibits remarkable stability under ambient conditions-even at elevated temperatures-with no signs of decomposition over several months. The solid-state structure of this compound is significantly twisted compared to the calculated structure primarily as a result of crystal-packing forces in the solid state. Despite this contortion from the lowest-energy structure, a range of structural data is presented confirming the presence of localized aromaticity in this large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 (USA), Fax: (+1) 802-656-8705
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70
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Josa D, Azevedo dos Santos L, González-Veloso I, Rodríguez-Otero J, Cabaleiro-Lago EM, de Castro Ramalho T. Ring-annelated corannulenes as fullerene receptors. A DFT-D study. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02744b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring-annelated corannulenes behave as better C60/C70 receptor than corannulene C20H10. The interaction is dominated by dispersion, with CH⋯π interactions playing a very important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Josa
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucas Azevedo dos Santos
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Lavras
- Campus Universitário UFLA
- 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
| | - Iván González-Veloso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Otero
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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71
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Shi K, Lei T, Wang XY, Wang JY, Pei J. A bowl-shaped molecule for organic field-effect transistors: crystal engineering and charge transport switching by oxygen doping. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Chen MK, Hsin HJ, Wu TC, Kang BY, Lee YW, Kuo MY, Wu YT. Highly Curved Bowl-Shaped Fragments of Fullerenes: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Physical Properties. Chemistry 2013; 20:598-608. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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73
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Kabdulov M, Jansen M, Amsharov KY. Bottom-up C60 fullerene construction from a fluorinated C60H21F9 precursor by laser-induced tandem cyclization. Chemistry 2013; 19:17262-6. [PMID: 24273113 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kabdulov
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany), Fax: (+49) 711-6891502
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Schmidt BM, Topolinski B, Yamada M, Higashibayashi S, Shionoya M, Sakurai H, Lentz D. Fluorinated and trifluoromethylated corannulenes. Chemistry 2013; 19:13872-80. [PMID: 24009101 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and properties of corannulenes carrying electron-withdrawing groups (F, CF3 , C6 F5 ) are reported. Direct fluorination of corannulene (C20 H10 ) was carried out with xenon difluoride, and the crystal structure of the product was confirmed by the X-ray analysis. Novel trifluoromethylated corannulenes, including the versatile 4,9-dibromo-1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)corannulene, were obtained by various established ring-closing reactions. Besides the use of hexafluorobutyne for the construction of fluoranthenes by Diels-Alder reaction as precursor molecules to form 1,2-disubstituted corannulenes, bis(pentafluorophenyl)acetylene was employed as dienophile. The molecular structure and crystal packing of a trifluoromethylated corannulene was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis and compared with those known brominated and trifluoromethylated corannulenes. The general electron-acceptor properties of corannulenes bearing substituents introduced in particular positions by liquid-phase synthesis are discussed together with published computational results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd M Schmidt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin (Germany); Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787 (Japan)
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Koyama Y, Hiroto S, Shinokubo H. Synthesis of Highly Distorted π-Extended [2.2]Metacyclophanes by Intermolecular Double Oxidative Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Koyama Y, Hiroto S, Shinokubo H. Synthesis of Highly Distorted π-Extended [2.2]Metacyclophanes by Intermolecular Double Oxidative Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5740-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Baldridge KK, Siegel JS. Of Graphs and Graphenes: Molecular Design and Chemical Studies of Aromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5436-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Baldridge KK, Siegel JS. Von Graphen und Graphenen: molekulares Design und chemische Studien aromatischer Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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