51
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Romano E, Budzelaar PHM, De Rosa C, Talarico G. Unconventional Stereoerror Formation Mechanisms in Nonmetallocene Propene Polymerization Systems Revealed by DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6203-6209. [PMID: 36054494 PMCID: PMC9483984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An unconventional
mechanism for the stereoerror formation in propene
polymerization catalyzed by C1-symmetric
salalen-M systems (M = Zr, Hf) is suggested by DFT calculations. While
propagation happens with the ligand in its fac-mer conformation, a change of ligand wrapping mode from fac-mer to fac-fac is the main source of the lower stereoselectivities
obtained with Zr and Hf. This is different for the Ti analogues, where
the ligand fac-mer wrapping mode
does not play a role. Activation strain analysis indicates that the
preference for a chain stationary mechanism of the Zr/Hf species is
due to the energy required to distort the reactants (ΔEStrain) rather than to their mutual interaction
(ΔEInt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Romano
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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52
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Sun Y, Wang Q, Pan Y, Pang W, Zou C, Chen M.
SiO
2
‐supported Ni(
II
) and Fe(
II
) Catalysts bearing Sodium ‐Sulfonate Group for Olefin Polymerization. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Quan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Wenmin Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Min Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
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53
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Xiong S, Hong A, Bailey BC, Spinney HA, Senecal TD, Bailey H, Agapie T. Highly Active and Thermally Robust Nickel Enolate Catalysts for the Synthesis of Ethylene-Acrylate Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206637. [PMID: 35723944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The insertion copolymerization of polar olefins and ethylene remains a significant challenge in part due to catalysts' low activity and poor thermal stability. Herein we demonstrate a strategy toward addressing these obstacles through ligand design. Neutral nickel phosphine enolate catalysts with large phosphine substituents reaching the axial positions of Ni achieve activity of up to 7.7×103 kg mol-1 h-1 (efficiency >35×103 g copolymer/g Ni) at 110 °C, notable for ethylene/acrylate copolymerization. NMR analysis of resulting copolymers reveals highly linear microstructures with main-chain ester functionality. Structure-performance studies indicate a strong correlation between axial steric hindrance and catalyst performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyan Xiong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexandria Hong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brad C Bailey
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Heather A Spinney
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Todd D Senecal
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Hannah Bailey
- Chemical Science, Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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54
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McDaniel T, Smith NE, Cueny E, Landis CR. Dual-Chain Polymerization at an Early Transition-Metal Single-Site Catalyst. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanner McDaniel
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Smith
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eric Cueny
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clark R. Landis
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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55
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Dau H, Jones GR, Tsogtgerel E, Nguyen D, Keyes A, Liu YS, Rauf H, Ordonez E, Puchelle V, Basbug Alhan H, Zhao C, Harth E. Linear Block Copolymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14471-14553. [PMID: 35960550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers form the basis of the most ubiquitous materials such as thermoplastic elastomers, bridge interphases in polymer blends, and are fundamental for the development of high-performance materials. The driving force to further advance these materials is the accessibility of block copolymers, which have a wide variety in composition, functional group content, and precision of their structure. To advance and broaden the application of block copolymers will depend on the nature of combined segmented blocks, guided through the combination of polymerization techniques to reach a high versatility in block copolymer architecture and function. This review provides the most comprehensive overview of techniques to prepare linear block copolymers and is intended to serve as a guideline on how polymerization techniques can work together to result in desired block combinations. As the review will give an account of the relevant procedures and access areas, the sections will include orthogonal approaches or sequentially combined polymerization techniques, which increases the synthetic options for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Glen R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hasaan Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Valentin Puchelle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hatice Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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56
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Balzade Z, Sharif F, Ghaffarian Anbaran SR. Tailor-Made Functional Polyolefins of Complex Architectures: Recent Advances, Applications, and Prospects. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Balzade
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran
| | - Farhad Sharif
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran
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57
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Peng L, Zhao Y, Yang T, Tong Z, Tang Z, Orita A, Qiu R. Zirconium-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:41. [PMID: 35951161 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium is a silvery-white malleable and ductile metal at room temperature with a crustal abundance of 162 ppm. Its compounds, showing Lewis acidic behavior and high catalytic performance, have been recognized as a relatively cheap, low-toxicity, stable, green, and efficient catalysts for various important organic transformations. Commercially available inorganic zirconium chloride was widely applied as a catalyst to accelerate amination, Michael addition, and oxidation reactions. Well-designed zirconocene perfluorosulfonates can be applied in allylation, acylation, esterification, etc. N-Chelating oganozirconium complexes accelerate polymerization, hydroaminoalkylation, and CO2 fixation efficiently. In this review, the applications of both commercially available and synthesized zirconium catalysts in organic reactions in the last 5 years are highlighted. Firstly, the properties and application of zirconium and its compounds are simply introduced. After presenting the superiority of zirconium compounds, their applications as catalysts to accelerate organic transformations are classified and presented in detail. On the basis of different kinds of zirconium catalysts, organic reactions accelerated by inorganic zirconium catalysts, zirconium catalysts bearing Cp, and organozirconium catalysts without Cp are summarized, and the plausible reaction mechanisms are presented if available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Akihiro Orita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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58
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Kitphaitun S, Fujimoto T, Ochi Y, Nomura K. Effect of Borate Cocatalysts toward Activity and Comonomer Incorporation in Ethylene Copolymerization by Half-Titanocene Catalysts in Methylcyclohexane. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:386-391. [PMID: 36855669 PMCID: PMC9955119 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene copolymerizations with 2-methyl-1-pentene, 1-dodecene (DD), vinylcyclohexane (VCH), [Me2Si(C5Me4)(N t Bu)]TiCl2 (1), Cp*TiMe2(O-2,6- i Pr2-4-RC6H2) [R = H (2), SiEt3 (3)]-borate, and [A(H)]+[BAr4]- [Ar = C6F5; A(H)+ = N+(H)Me(n-C18H37)2, N+(H)(CH2CF3)(n-C18H37)2, HO+(n-C14H29)2·O(n-C14H29)2, HO+(n-C16H33)2·O(n-C16H33)2; Ar = C10F7, A(H)+ = HO+(n-C14H29)2·O(n-C14H29)2 (B5), N+(H)(CH2CF3)(n-C18H37)2] catalyst systems conducted in methylcyclohexane (MCH) exhibited better comonomer incorporation than those conducted in toluene (in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) or borate cocatalysts). The activity was affected by the borate cocatalyst and 1,3-B5 catalyst systems in MCH and showed the highest activity in the ethylene copolymerizations with VCH and DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphitchaya Kitphaitun
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0376, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujimoto
- AGC
Inc., Yokohama Technical Center, 1-1, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ochi
- AGC
Inc., Yokohama Technical Center, 1-1, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0376, Japan,
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59
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Si G, Tan C, Chen M, Chen C. A Cocatalyst Strategy to Enhance Ruthenium‐Mediated Metathesis Reactivity towards Electron‐Deficient Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203796. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guifu Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Min Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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60
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Wang C, Kang X, Mu H, Jian Z. Positive Effect of Polar Solvents in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hongliang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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61
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Alzamly A, Bakiro M, Hussein Ahmed S, Siddig LA, Nguyen HL. Linear α-olefin oligomerization and polymerization catalyzed by metal-organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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62
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Homogeneous Group IVB Catalysts of New Generations for Synthesis of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubbers: A Mini-Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers (EPDM) are one of the most important polyolefin materials widely commercialized and used in various industries in recent years. The production of EPDM is based solely on catalytic coordination polymerization processes. The development of new catalysts and processes for the synthesis of EPDM has expanded the range of products and their manufacturing in terms of energy efficiency, processability, and environmental safety. This mini-review mainly analyzes patented data on the synthesis of EPDM on new-generation single-site catalytic systems based on Group IVB complexes including the systems commercialized by major manufacturers of EPDM. The advantages of these systems are evident in comparison with conventional vanadium systems introduced into production in the 1960s and used to date in the industrial synthesis of EPDM.
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63
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Xiong S, Hong A, Bailey BC, Spinney HA, Senecal TD, Bailey H, Agapie T. Highly Active and Thermally Robust Nickel Enolate Catalysts for the Synthesis of Ethylene‐Acrylate Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyan Xiong
- California Institute of Technology Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Alexandria Hong
- California Institute of Technology Chemistry and Chemical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | | | - Theodor Agapie
- California Institute of Technology Chemistry 1200 California BlvdMC 127-72 91106 Pasadena UNITED STATES
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64
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Gao Y, Christianson MD, Wang Y, Coons MP, Chen J, Zhang J, Marshall S, Lohr TL, Klosin J, Marks TJ. Alkane-Soluble Bis[tris(alkylphenyl)carbenium] Diborate Cocatalyst for Olefin Polymerizations. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D. Christianson
- Corporate R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Marc P. Coons
- Corporate R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Steve Marshall
- Corporate R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Tracy L. Lohr
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jerzy Klosin
- Corporate R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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65
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Schirmeister CG, Mülhaupt R. Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200247. [PMID: 35635841 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, plastics are ubiquitous in everyday life, problem solvers of modern technologies, and crucial for sustainable development. Yet the surge in global demand for plastics of the growing world population has triggered a tidal wave of plastic debris in the environment. Moving from a linear to a zero-waste and carbon-neutral circular plastic economy is vital for the future of the planet. Taming the plastic waste flood requires closing the carbon loop through plastic reuse, mechanical and molecular recycling, carbon capture, and use of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In the quest for eco-friendly products, plastics do not need to be reinvented but tuned for reuse and recycling. Their full potential must be exploited regarding energy, resource, and eco efficiency, waste prevention, circular economy, climate change mitigation, and lowering environmental pollution. Biodegradation holds promise for composting and bio-feedstock recovery, but it is neither the Holy Grail of circular plastics economy nor a panacea for plastic littering. As an alternative to mechanical downcycling, molecular recycling enables both closed-loop recovery of virgin plastics and open-loop valorization, producing hydrogen, fuels, refinery feeds, lubricants, chemicals, and carbonaceous materials. Closing the carbon loop does not create a Perpetuum Mobile and requires renewable energy to achieve sustainability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Schirmeister
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Sustainability Center, University of Freiburg, Ecker-Str. 4, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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66
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Si G, Tan C, Chen M, Chen C. A Cocatalyst Strategy to Enhance Ruthenium‐Mediated Metathesis Reactivity towards Electron‐Deficient Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guifu Si
- University of Science and Technology of China Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chen Tan
- Anhui University Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology CHINA
| | - Min Chen
- Anhui University Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology CHINA
| | - Changle Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Polymer Science & Engineering Jinzhai Rd 96 230026 Hefei CHINA
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67
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Lu W, Liao Y, Dai S. Facile Access to Ultra-Highly Branched Polyethylenes Using Hybrid “Sandwich” Ni(II) and Pd(II) Catalysts. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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68
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Apilardmongkol P, Ratanasak M, Hasegawa JY, Parasuk V. Exploring the Reaction Mechanism of Heterobimetallic Nickel‐Alkali Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization: Secondary‐Metal‐Ligand Cooperative Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavee Apilardmongkol
- Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Science Chemistry Pathumwan 10330 Bangkok THAILAND
| | - Manussada Ratanasak
- Hokkaido University Catalysis Theory Research Division, Institute for Catalysis Kita21, Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 001-0021 001-0021 Sapporo JAPAN
| | - Jun-ya Hasegawa
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Institute for Catalysis Kita21, Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021 Sappporo JAPAN
| | - Vudhichai Parasuk
- Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Science Chemistry Pathumwan 10330 Bangkok THAILAND
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69
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Zou C, Si G, Chen C. A general strategy for heterogenizing olefin polymerization catalysts and the synthesis of polyolefins and composites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1954. [PMID: 35414067 PMCID: PMC9005542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogenization of homogeneous metal complexes on solid supports presents an efficient strategy for bridging homogeneous catalysts with industrially-preferred heterogeneous catalysts; however, a series of drawbacks restrict their implementation in olefin polymerization, particularly for copolymerization with polar comonomers. In this contribution, we report an ionic anchoring strategy that is highly versatile, generally applicable to different systems, and enables strong catalyst-support interactions while tolerating various polar functional groups. In addition to greatly enhanced polymerization properties, the supported catalysts achieved higher comonomer incorporation than their unsupported counterparts. This strategy enabled efficient polymerization at high temperatures at large scale and great control over product morphology, and the facile synthesis of polyolefin composites. More importantly, the dispersion of different fillers in the polyolefin matrix produced great material properties even at low composite loadings. It is expected that this strategy will find applications in different catalytic systems and the synthesis of advanced engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guifu Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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70
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Yan Z, Xu G, Wang H, Dai S. Synthesis of thermoplastic polyethylene elastomers and ethylene–methyl acrylate copolymers using methylene-bridged binuclear bulky dibenzhydryl α-diimine Ni(II) and Pd(II) catalysts. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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71
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Li F, Klok HA. Macromolecular engineering via polyhomologation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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72
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Akita S, Guo JY, Seidel FW, Sigman MS, Nozaki K. Statistical Analysis of Catalytic Performance in Ethylene/Methyl Acrylate Copolymerization Using Palladium/Phosphine-Sulfonate Catalysts. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Akita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jing-Yao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Falk W. Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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73
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Li K, Mu H, Kang X, Jian Z. Suppression of Chain Transfer and Promotion of Chain Propagation in Neutral Anilinotropone Nickel Polymerization Catalysis. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongliang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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74
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Wang Y. Olefin polymerization cocatalysts: Development, applications, and prospects. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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75
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Rosen MS. Catalyst coaxed to make branched α-olefins. Science 2022; 375:978. [PMID: 35239396 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Process conditions allow a titanium catalyst to add just two ethylene molecules to an α-olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari S Rosen
- Packaging & Specialty Plastics and Hydrocarbons, The Dow Chemical Company, 240 Abner Jackson Parkway, Lake Jackson, TX 77566, USA
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76
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Rezaeian A, Hanifpour A, Teimoury HR, Nekoomanesh-Haghighi M, Ahmadi M, Bahri-Laleh N. Synthesis of highly spherical Ziegler–Natta catalyst by employing Span 80 as an emulsifier suitable for UHMWPE production. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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77
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Selective branch formation in ethylene polymerization to access precise ethylene-propylene copolymers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:725. [PMID: 35132061 PMCID: PMC8821618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyolefins with branches produced by ethylene alone via chain walking are highly desired in industry. Selective branch formation from uncontrolled chain walking is a long-standing challenge to generate exclusively branched polyolefins, however. Here we report such desirable microstructures in ethylene polymerization by using sterically constrained α-diimine nickel(II)/palladium(II) catalysts at 30 °C–90 °C that fall into industrial conditions. Branched polyethylenes with exclusive branch pattern of methyl branches (99%) and notably selective branch distribution of 1,4-Me2 unit (86%) can be generated. The ultrahigh degree of branching (>200 Me/1000 C) enables the well-defined product to mimic ethylene-propylene copolymers. More interestingly, branch distribution is predictable and computable by using a simple statistical model of p(1-p)n (p: the probability of branch formation). Mechanistic insights into the branch formation including branch pattern and branch distribution by an in-depth density functional theory (DFT) calculation are elucidated. Selective branch formation from uncontrolled chain walking is a longstanding challenge to generate exclusively branched polyolefins. Here the authors report such desirable microstructures in ethylene polymerization enabled by a nickel catalyst at 30 °C–90 °C that fall into industrial conditions and mimic ethylene-propylene copolymers.
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78
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Solution XAS Analysis for Reactions of Phenoxide-Modified (Arylimido)vanadium(V) Dichloride and (Oxo)vanadium(V) Complexes with Al Alkyls: Effect of Al Cocatalyst in Ethylene (Co)polymerization. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
V K-edge XANES (XANES = X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) spectra of the reaction solution of V(NAr)Cl2(OAr) (1, Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3) with halogenated Al alkyls (Me2AlCl, Et2AlCl, EtAlCl2, 50 equiv) in toluene showed low energy shifts (2.6–3.6 eV on the basis of inflection point in the photon energy) in the edge absorption accompanying slight shift to low photon energy in the pre-edge peak (λmax values); a similar spectrum was observed when the reaction of 1 with Me2AlCl was conducted in n-hexane. These results strongly suggest a formation of similar vanadium(III) species irrespective of kind of Al alkyls and solvent (toluene or n-hexane). Significant low-energy shifts in the edge absorption accompanied with diminishing the strong pre-edge absorption were also observed when VOCl3 or VO(OiPr)3 was treated with Me2AlCl (10 equiv) in toluene, clearly indicating a formation of low oxidation state vanadium species accompanied with certain structural changes (from tetrahedral to octahedral) in solution.
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79
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Asim W, Waheeb AS, Awad MA, Kadhum AM, Ali A, Mallah SH, Iqbal MA, Kadhim MM. Recent advances in the synthesis of zirconium complexes and their catalytic applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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80
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Tan C, Zou C, Chen C. An Ionic Cluster Strategy for Performance Improvements and Product Morphology Control in Metal-Catalyzed Olefin–Polar Monomer Copolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2245-2254. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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81
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Zhang Q, Liu M, Ma Y, Ye Z, Liang T, Sun W. Highly Active and Thermostable Camphyl α‐Diimine Nickel (II) Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization: Effects of
N
‐Aryl Substituting Groups on Catalytic Properties and Branching Structures of Polyethylene. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Concordia University Quebec Canada
| | - Tongling Liang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wen‐Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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82
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Tripathi SN, Shukla DK, Bonda S, Saha S, Patade AP, Srivastava VK, Rao GSS, Jasra R. Investigation of colored lump formation inside the silos during the production of polypropylene copolymer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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83
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Cueny ES. Chromophore Quench Labeling: Simulated Snapshots of Molar Mass Distributions for the Rapid Mechanistic Analysis of Catalytic Alkene Polymerization. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Cueny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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84
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Gao H, Chen S, Du B, Dai Z, Lu X, Zhang K, Pan L, Li Y, Li Y. Cyclic olefin copolymers containing both linear polyethylene and poly(ethylene- co-norbornene) segments prepared from chain shuttling copolymerization of ethylene and norbornene. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel HDPE/COC multiblock copolymers have been effectively obtained via chain shuttling copolymerization of ethylene and NBE. These promising copolymers exhibit excellent clarity, high heat resistance and balanced mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shangtao Chen
- Synthetic Resin Laboratory, PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bin Du
- Synthetic Resin Laboratory, PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenyu Dai
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Li
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, China
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85
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Tian J, Zhang X, Liu S, Li Z. Chromium Complexes Supported by NNO-Tridentate Ligands: An Unprecedent Activity with the Low Requirement of MAO. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00125j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of metal catalysts with high activity and thermal stability but low requirement of MAO as cocatalyst is highly desired for polyolefin industrial application. In this contribution, a series...
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86
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Chen J, Wu X, Zhang S, Yan X, Wu X, Cao Q, Xu H, Li X. Commercially available palladium salts as practical and green single-component catalysts in the coordination polymerization of 1-chloro-2-phenylacetylenes in air. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available Pd salts serve as single-component catalysts for coordination polymerization of 1-chloro-2-phenylacetylenes, which affords a new design concept of metal catalysts for coordination polymerization of disubstituted alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiangqian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
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87
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Wisofsky GK, Rojales K, Su X, Bartholome TA, Molino A, Kaur A, Wilson DJD, Dutton JL, Martin CD. Ligation of Boratabenzene and 9-Borataphenanthrene to Coinage Metals. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18981-18989. [PMID: 34879201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of boratabenzene and borataphenanthrene anions with group 11 Ph3PMCl reagents furnished η2 coordination complexes, with the exception of the copper boratabenzene species that adopted an η6 mode. The binding of arene ligands to copper in an η6 manner is rare, and altering the ancillary ligand on copper to an N-heterocyclic carbene switched the binding of the boratabenzene to η2, indicating that such ligands are capable of vacating coordination sites. The η2 coordination complexes bind side-on, akin to olefins, via a borataalkene unit, although with the carbon atom much more proximal to the metal center than boron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta K Wisofsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Katherine Rojales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Xiaojun Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Tyler A Bartholome
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
| | - Aishvaryadeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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88
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Copolymerization of Ethylene with Selected Vinyl Monomers Catalyzed by Group 4 Metal and Vanadium Complexes with Multidentate Ligands: A Short Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244456. [PMID: 34961007 PMCID: PMC8708287 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper gives a short overview of homogeneous post-metallocene catalysts based on group 4 metal and vanadium complexes bearing multidentate ligands. It summarizes the catalytic behavior of those catalysts in copolymerization of ethylene with 1-olefins, with styrenic monomers and with α,ω-alkenols. The review is focused on finding correlations between the structure of a complex, its catalyst activity and comonomer incorporation ability, as well as the microstructure of the copolymer chains.
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89
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Lin F, Morgen TO, Mecking S. Living Aqueous Microemulsion Polymerization of Ethylene with Robust Ni(II) Phosphinophenolato Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20605-20608. [PMID: 34851651 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to chain transfer events being competitive with chain growth, ethylene polymerization by P,O-chelated Ni(II) complexes usually affords low molecular weight polymers or oligomers. We now show that appropriately bulky substituted phosphinophenolato Ni(II) can polymerize in a living fashion, virtually devoid of chain transfer. Aqueous polymerizations with microemulsions of [κ2-P,O-2-(2-(2',6'-(MeO)2C6H3)C6H4)(Ph)P-6-(3',5'-(CF3)2C6H3)C6H3O-NiMe(pyridine)] (3) at 30 °C yield polyethylenes with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn 1.02 to 1.34) and ultrahigh molecular weights (up to 2 × 106) in the form of aqueous nanoparticle dispersions. Catalyst stability and activity are maintained up to 70 °C in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tobias O Morgen
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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90
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Chen A, Liao D, Chen C. Promoting Ethylene (co)Polymerization in Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Solvents Using
tert
‐Butyl
Substituted Nickel Catalysts. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Daohong Liao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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91
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Palucci B, Zanchin G, Ricci G, Vendier L, Lorber C, Leone G. Vanadium-Catalyzed Terpolymerization of α,ω-Dienes with Ethylene and Cyclic Olefins: Ready Access to Polar-Functionalized Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Palucci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Giorgia Zanchin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ricci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, Toulouse 31077, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Christian Lorber
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, Toulouse 31077, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Giuseppe Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, Milano I-20133, Italy
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92
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Theoretical Study on Ethylene Polymerization Catalyzed by Half-Titanocenes Bearing Different Ancillary Groups. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Half-titanocenes are well known to show high activity for ethylene polymerization and good capability for copolymerization of ethylene with other olefins, and the ancillary ligands can crucially affect the catalytic performance. In this paper, the mechanisms of ethylene polymerization catalyzed by three half-metallocenes, (η5-C5Me5)TiCl2(O-2,6-iPr2C6H3) (1), (η5-C5Me5)TiCl2(N=CtBu2) (2) and [Me2Si(η5-C5Me4)(NtBu)]TiCl2 (3), have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) method. At the initiation stage, a higher free energy barrier was determined for complex 1, probably due to the presence of electronegative O atom in phenoxy ligand. At the propagation stage, front-side insertion of the second ethylene is kinetically more favorable than back-side insertion for complexes 1 and 2, while both side insertion orientations are comparable for complex 3. The energy decomposition showed that the bridged cyclopentadienyl amide ligand could enhance the rigidity of the active species as suggested by the lowest deformation energy derived from 3. At the chain termination stage, β-H transfer was calculated to be a dominant chain termination route over β-H elimination, presumably owing to the thermodynamic perspective.
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93
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Kumar S, Dholakiya BZ, Jangir R. Role of organometallic complexes in olefin polymerization: a review report. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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94
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Peng D, Chen C. Photoresponsive Palladium and Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Changle Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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95
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Kenyon P, Leung DJ, Lyu M, Chen C, Turner ZR, Buffet JC, O'Hare D. Controlling the activity of an immobilised molecular catalyst by Lewis acidity tuning of the support. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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96
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Kitphaitun S, Yan Q, Nomura K. Effect of para-Substituents in Ethylene Copolymerizations with 1-Decene, 1-Dodecene, and with 2-Methyl-1-Pentene Using Phenoxide Modified Half-Titanocenes-MAO Catalyst Systems. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:867-876. [PMID: 34227256 PMCID: PMC8409091 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of para-substituents in the ethylene (E) copolymerization with 1-decene (DC), 1-dodecene (DD), and with 2-methyl-1-pentene (2M1P) using a series of Cp*TiCl2 (O-2,6-i Pr2 -4-R-C6 H2 ) [R=H (1), t Bu (2), Ph (3), CHPh2 (4), CPh3 (5), SiMe3 (6), SiEt3 (7), and newly prepared 4-t BuC6 H4 (8) and 3,5-Me2 C6 H3 (9)]-MAO catalyst systems has been studied. The activities in these copolymerization reactions were affected by the para-substituent, and the SiMe3 (6), SiEt3 (7) and 3,5-Me2 C6 H3 (9) analogues showed the higher activities at 50 °C in the E copolymerization reactions with DC (1.06-1.44×106 kg-polymer/mol-Ti⋅h), DD (1.04-1.88×106 kg-polymer/mol-Ti⋅h) than the others, whereas no significant differences were observed in the comonomer incorporations. Complexes 6 and 7 also showed the higher activities at 50 °C in the E/2M1P copolymerization, and the 2M1P incorporation was affected by the para-substituent and the polymerization temperature; complex 9 showed better 2M1P incorporation at 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphitchaya Kitphaitun
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Metropolitan University1-1 Minami Osawa, HachiojiTokyo192-0397Japan
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Metropolitan University1-1 Minami Osawa, HachiojiTokyo192-0397Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Metropolitan University1-1 Minami Osawa, HachiojiTokyo192-0397Japan
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97
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Akita S, Nozaki K. Copolymerization of ethylene and methyl acrylate by palladium catalysts bearing IzQO ligands containing methoxyethyl ether moieties and salt effects for polymerization. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Hu X, Zhang Y, Li B, Jian Z. Fluorinated α-Diimine Nickel Mediated Ethylene (Co)Polymerization. Chemistry 2021; 27:11935-11942. [PMID: 34114692 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine substituents in transition metal catalysts are of great importance in olefin polymerization catalysis; however, the comprehensive effect of fluorine substituents is elusive in seminal late transition metal α-diimine catalytic system. In this contribution, fluorine substituents at various positions (ortho-, meta-, and para-F) and with different numbers (Fn ; n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5) were installed into the well-defined N-terphenyl amine and thus were studied for the first time in the nickel α-diimine promoted ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers. The position of the fluorine substituent was particularly crucial in these polymerization reactions in terms of catalytic activity, polymer molecular weight, branching density, and incorporation of polar monomer, and thus a picture on the fluorine effect was given. As a notable result, the ortho-F substituted α-diimine nickel catalyst produced highly linear polyethylenes with an extremely high molecular weight (Mw =8703 kDa) and a significantly low degree of branching of 1.4/1000 C; however, the meta-F and/or para-F substituted α-diimine nickel catalysts generated highly branched (up to 80.2/1000 C) polyethylenes with significantly low molecular weights (Mw =20-50 kDa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Baixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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99
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Hu X, Zhang Y, Li B, Jian Z. Horizontally and Vertically Concerted Steric Strategy in
α‐Diimine
Nickel Promoted Ethylene (Co)Polymerization
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Baixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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100
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Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Zaccaria F, Urciuoli G, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ, Uborsky DV, Ehm C, Cipullo R. Hafnium vs. Zirconium, the Perpetual Battle for Supremacy in Catalytic Olefin Polymerization: A Simple Matter of Electrophilicity? Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2621. [PMID: 34451163 PMCID: PMC8400551 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of C2-symmetric ansa-hafnocene catalysts for isotactic polypropylene typically deteriorates at increasing temperature much faster than that of their zirconium analogues. Herein, we analyze in detail a set of five Hf/Zr metallocene pairs-including some of the latest generation catalysts-at medium- to high-polymerization temperature. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for stereoselectivity, the ratio allyl/vinyl chain ends, and 2,1/3,1 misinsertions in the polymer indicate a strong dependence of polymerization performance on electrophilicity of the catalyst, which is a function of the ligand framework and the metal center. Based on this insight, the stronger performance decline of hafnocenes is ascribed to electrophilicity-dependent stabilization effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Samsonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Universitaà di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gaia Urciuoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alexander Z Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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