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Shen H, Liu T, Cui J, Borole P, Benjamin A, Kording K, Issadore D. A web-based automated machine learning platform to analyze liquid biopsy data. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2166-2174. [PMID: 32420563 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy (LB) technologies continue to improve in sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexing and can measure an ever growing library of disease biomarkers. However, clinical interpretation of the increasingly large sets of data these technologies generate remains a challenge. Machine learning is a popular approach to discover and detect signatures of disease. However, limited machine learning expertise in the LB field has kept the discipline from fully leveraging these tools and risks improper analyses and irreproducible results. In this paper, we develop a web-based automated machine learning tool tailored specifically for LB, where machine learning models can be built without the user's input. We also incorporate a differential privacy algorithm, designed to limit the effects of overfitting that can arise from users iteratively developing a panel with feedback from our platform. We validate our approach by performing a meta-analysis on 11 published LB datasets, and found that we had similar or better performance compared to those reported in the literature. Moreover, we show that our platform's performance improved when incorporating information from prior LB datasets, suggesting that this approach can continue to improve with increased access to LB data. Finally, we show that by using our platform the results achieved in the literature can be matched using 40% of the number of subjects in the training set, potentially reducing study cost and time. This self-improving and overfitting-resistant automatic machine learning platform provides a new standard that can be used to validate machine learning works in the LB field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wang W, Chen D, Chen W, Xin Z, Huang Z, Zhang X, Xi K, Wang G, Zhang R, Zhao D, Liu L, Zhang L. Early Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Using a 12-microRNA Panel and a Nomogram for Assistant Diagnosis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:855. [PMID: 32596148 PMCID: PMC7301755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously identified a 12-microRNA (miRNA) panel (miRNA-17, miRNA-146a, miRNA-200b, miRNA-182, miRNA-155, miRNA-221, miRNA-205, miRNA-126, miRNA-7, miRNA-21, miRNA-145, and miRNA-210) that aided in the early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We validated the diagnostic value of this miRNA panel and compared it with that of traditional tumor markers and radiological diagnosis. We constructed a nomogram based on the miRNA panel's results to predict the risk of NSCLC. Methods: Eighty-two participants with pulmonary nodules on a CT scan and who underwent a pathological examination and surgical treatment were enrolled in our study. Patients were randomly divided into a training group or a validation group. The miRNA concentrations were quantified by RT-PCR and log-transformed for analysis. The cutoff value was determined in the training group and then applied in the validation group. A comparison between the miRNAs and traditional tumor markers [CEA, NSE, and cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (Cyfra21-1)] and radiological diagnosis was performed. A nomogram based on the miRNA panel's results to predict the risk of NSCLC was constructed. Results: The expression level of these 12 miRNAs was significantly higher in NSCLC patients than in benign patients. In the validation group, the specificity and positive predictive value were 96.4 and 95.8%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those using traditional tumor markers or radiological diagnosis. The sensitivity was 42.6%, which was also higher than that using tumor markers. Moreover, the sensitivity increased to 63.6% when the nodule diameters were larger than 2 cm. The miRNAs and seven clinical factors were integrated into the nomogram, and the calibration curves showed optimal agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities. Conclusions: Our miRNA panel has clinical value for the early detection of NSCLC. A nomogram was constructed and internally validated, and the results indicate that it can assist clinicians in making treatment recommendations in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongni Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziya Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirui Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexing Xi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rusi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dechang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Recent developments and advances in secondary prevention of lung cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 29:321-328. [PMID: 32452945 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer prevention may include primary prevention strategies, such as corrections of working conditions and life style - primarily smoking cessation - as well as secondary prevention strategies, aiming at early detection that allows better survival rates and limited resections. This review summarizes recent developments and advances in secondary prevention, focusing on recent technological tools for an effective early diagnosis.
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Trybek T, Kowalik A, Góźdź S, Kowalska A. Telomeres and telomerase in oncogenesis. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1015-1027. [PMID: 32724340 PMCID: PMC7377093 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are located at the ends of chromosomes and protect them from degradation. Suppressing the activity of telomerase, a telomere-synthesizing enzyme, and maintaining short telomeres is a protective mechanism against cancer in humans. In most human somatic cells, the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is repressed and telomerase activity is inhibited. This leads to the progressive shortening of telomeres and inhibition of cell growth in a process called replicative senescence. Most types of primary cancer exhibit telomerase activation, which allows uncontrolled cell proliferation. Previous research indicates that TERT activation also affects cancer development through activities other than the canonical function of mediating telomere elongation. Recent studies have improved the understanding of the structure and function of telomeres and telomerase as well as key mechanisms underlying the activation of TERT and its role in oncogenesis. These advances led to a search for drugs that inhibit telomerase as a target for cancer therapy. The present review article summarizes the organization and function of telomeres, their role in carcinogenesis, and advances in telomerase-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Trybek
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-319 Kielce, Poland.,Oncology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Aldona Kowalska
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland.,The Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-319 Kielce, Poland
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The MiR-17-92 Gene Cluster is a Blood-Based Marker for Cancer Detection in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:248-260. [PMID: 32466856 PMCID: PMC7211762 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most malignant cancers threatening human health. The miR-17-92 gene cluster is a highly conserved oncogene cluster encoding 6 miRNAs: miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b-1, miR-20a and miR-92a. This study explored whether these miRNAs can be used as diagnostic markers for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Serum samples were collected from healthy subjects (n = 23) and NSCLC patients at various stages (n = 74). Serum RNA was extracted by the TRIzol-glycogen method, and cDNA libraries were constructed by reverse transcription. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to detect the expression levels of the 6 miRNAs. Results The expression levels of the 6 miRNAs varied in different stages of NSCLC. Thus, 2 receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, that is, normal subjects and stage I-III patients and normal subjects and stage IV patients, of each miRNA were established to determine the interval of normal ΔCt values. The 2 areas under the curve (AUCs) of each miRNA were investigated (miR-17: 0.8097 and 1.000; miR-18a: 0.7388 and 0.9907; miR-19a/19b: 0.8451 and 0.5104; miR-20a: 0.8975 and 1.000; miR-92a: 0.8097 and 0.8342). In addition, a high positive correlation was discovered between miR-17 and miR-20a expression. Combining these 2 miRNAs can improve the screening effect of NSCLC. Conclusion The miR-17-92 gene cluster can likely serve as a diagnostic marker in NSCLC.
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Felaco P, Felaco M, Franceschelli S, Ferrone A, Gatta DMP, Speranza L, Patruno A, De Lutiis MA, Ballerini P, Sirolli V, Grilli A, Bonomini M, Pesce M. Erythropoietin induces miRNA-210 by JAK2/STAT5 signaling in PBMCs of End-stage Renal Disease patients. FEBS J 2020; 287:5167-5182. [PMID: 32196922 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anemia of chronic kidney disease is associated with blunted response/resistance to erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Several molecules have been successfully associated with ESA responsiveness; however, none of them is now considered a valid therapeutic biomarker of erythropoietin resistance in these patients. We performed an evaluation of the level of specific plasma circulating miRNAs in blood samples of HD patients, in relation to ESA treatment, with a follow-up of 1 year (T0-T3). We found significantly lower circulating levels of all miRNAs analyzed at baseline (T0) in HD patients vs. healthy control (HC). The plasmatic levels of miRNA-210 resulted significantly and negatively associated with Erythropoietin Resistance Index (ERI), and the variance of ΔmiRNA-210 (miRNA-210T3 minus miRNA-210T0 ) explained significant percentage of ΔERI (ERIT3 minus ERIT0 ) variance. The receiver operating characteristic analysis at T0 showed that the plasmatic level of miRNA-210 could distinguish HD patients with positive or negative trend in ERI at T3. In vitro, recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) induced significant release of miRNA-210 from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells, through the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, but not by the activation of the MAPK protein 38α and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½. Accordingly, HD patients with negative ΔERI showed higher level of phosphor-Janus kinase 2 and nuclear translocation of phosphor-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. vs. patients with positive ΔERI or HC. Our data highlighted that chronic HD significantly reduces the circulating level of the miRNAs evaluated; within the targets analyzed, the miRNA-210 could be considered as a prognostic indicator of ESA responsiveness and index for anemia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela M P Gatta
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A De Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sirolli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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Integrating circulating miRNA analysis in the clinical management of lung cancer: Present or future? Mol Aspects Med 2020; 72:100844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Asakura K, Kadota T, Matsuzaki J, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto Y, Nakagawa K, Takizawa S, Aoki Y, Nakamura E, Miura J, Sakamoto H, Kato K, Watanabe SI, Ochiya T. A miRNA-based diagnostic model predicts resectable lung cancer in humans with high accuracy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:134. [PMID: 32193503 PMCID: PMC7081195 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, is most frequently detected through imaging tests. In this study, we investigated serum microRNAs (miRNAs) as a possible early screening tool for resectable lung cancer. First, we used serum samples from participants with and without lung cancer to comprehensively create 2588 miRNAs profiles; next, we established a diagnostic model based on the combined expression levels of two miRNAs (miR-1268b and miR-6075) in the discovery set (208 lung cancer patients and 208 non-cancer participants). The model displayed a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 99% in the validation set (1358 patients and 1970 non-cancer participants) and exhibited high sensitivity regardless of histological type and pathological TNM stage of the cancer. Moreover, the diagnostic index markedly decreased after lung cancer resection. Thus, the model we developed has the potential to markedly improve screening for resectable lung cancer. Asakura, Kadota et al. demonstrate the diagnostic potential of serum microRNAs for resectable lung cancer. Their diagnostic model based on the combined expression levels of two miRNAs predicts resectable lung cancer with 99% sensitivity, regardless of histological types and pathological stages of cancer, suggesting its promising, diagnostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Asakura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kadota
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Juntaro Matsuzaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakagawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Satoko Takizawa
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Toray Industries, Inc. 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura city, Kanagawa, 248-0036, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Aoki
- Dynacom Co., Ltd., World Business Garden E25, 2-6-1 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, 261-7125, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakamura
- Dynacom Co., Ltd., World Business Garden E25, 2-6-1 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, 261-7125, Japan
| | - Junichiro Miura
- Dynacom Co., Ltd., World Business Garden E25, 2-6-1 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, 261-7125, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Department of Biobank and Tissue Resources, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan. .,Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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Srivastava A, Amreddy N, Pareek V, Chinnappan M, Ahmed R, Mehta M, Razaq M, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Progress in extracellular vesicle biology and their application in cancer medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1621. [PMID: 32131140 PMCID: PMC7317410 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Under the broader category of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes are now well recognized for their contribution and potential for biomedical research. During the last ten years, numerous technologies for purification and characterization of EVs have been developed. This enhanced knowledge has resulted in the development of novel applications of EVs. This review is an attempt to capture the exponential growth observed in EV science in the last decade and discuss the future potential to improve our understanding of EVs, develop technologies to overcome current limitations, and advance their utility for human benefit, especially in cancer medicine. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Narsireddy Amreddy
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Vipul Pareek
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mahendran Chinnappan
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rebaz Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mohammad Razaq
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Quirico L, Orso F. The power of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in liquid biopsies. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:117-139. [PMID: 35582611 PMCID: PMC9090592 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, progresses in medical oncology have ameliorated the treatment of patients and their outcome. However, further improvements are still necessary, in particular for certain types of tumors such as pancreatic, gastric, and lung cancer as well as acute myeloid leukemia where early detection and monitoring of the disease are crucial for final patient outcome. Liquid biopsy represents a great advance in the field because it is less invasive, less time-consuming, and safer compared to classical biopsies and it can be useful to monitor the evolution of the disease as well as the response of patients to therapy. Liquid biopsy allows the detection of circulating tumor cells, nucleic acids, and exosomes not only in blood but also in different biological fluids: urine, saliva, pleural effusions, cerebrospinal fluid, and stool. Among the potential biomarkers detectable in liquid biopsies, microRNAs (miRNAs) are gaining more and more attention, since they are easily detectable, quite stable in biological fluids, and show high sensitivity. Many data demonstrate that miRNAs alone or in combination with other biomarkers could improve the diagnostic and prognostic power for many different tumors. Despite this, standardization of methods, sample preparation, and analysis remain challenging and a huge effort should be made to address these issues before miRNA biomarkers can enter the clinic. This review summarizes the main findings in the field of circulating miRNAs in both solid and hematological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Quirico
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
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Kumar S, Sharawat SK, Ali A, Gaur V, Malik PS, Kumar S, Mohan A, Guleria R. Identification of differentially expressed circulating serum microRNA for the diagnosis and prognosis of Indian non-small cell lung cancer patients. Curr Probl Cancer 2020; 44:100540. [PMID: 32007320 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2020.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of noninvasive blood-based biomarkers is of utmost importance for the early diagnosis and predicting prognosis of advance stage lung cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in numerous diseases, however, their role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in Indian lung cancer patients has not been evaluated yet. METHODS For the identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in the serum of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, we performed small RNA sequencing. We validated the expression of 10 miRNAs in 75 NSCLC patients and 40 controls using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). miRNA expression was correlated with survival and therapeutic response. RESULTS We identified 16 differentially expressed miRNAs in the serum of NSCLC patients as compared to controls. We observed significant downregulation of miR-15a-5p, miR-320a, miR-25-3p, miR-192-5p, let-7d-5p, let-7e-5p, miR-148a-3p, and miR-92a-3p in the serum of NSCLC patients. The expression of miR-375 and miR-10b-5p was significantly downregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients than controls. The expression of miR-320a, miR-25-3p, and miR-148a-3p significantly correlated with stage. None of the miRNAs were correlated with survival outcome and therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the relative abundance of miRNAs in serum may be explored for the development of miRNA-based assays for better diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC. Moreover, further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of some of the less explored miRNAs, such as miR-375 and miR-320a, in the pathogenesis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Surender K Sharawat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashraf Ali
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Gaur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Wu Q, Yu L, Lin X, Zheng Q, Zhang S, Chen D, Pan X, Huang Y. Combination of Serum miRNAs with Serum Exosomal miRNAs in Early Diagnosis for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:485-495. [PMID: 32021461 PMCID: PMC6982436 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s232383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown the potential for non-invasive diagnosis of various types of malignancies at an early stage. The aim of the study was to explore the feasibility of a combination of 8 serum miRNAs related to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the corresponding serum exosomal miRNAs in early diagnosis for the patients with NSCLC. Methods We measured 8 serum miRNAs and the corresponding serum exosomal miRNAs including miR-21-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-223-3p, and miR-486-5p in 48 patients with early NSCLC at stages I/II, 32 patients with lung benign lesion (LBL), and 48 healthy control (HC) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The expression levels of 4 serum miRNAs including miR-21-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-222-3p, and miR-486-5p, and 2 serum exosomal miRNAs including miR-146a-5p and miR-486-5p in the early NSCLC group were significantly different from that in the LBL group and the HC group (P < 0.01). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of the 4 serum miRNAs and 2 serum exosomal miRNAs in the early NSCLC group were ≥0.697, of which serum exosomal miR-146a-5p and miR-486-5p were 0.813 and 0.886, respectively, and higher than that of the 4 serum miRNAs. Additionally, a combination of 4 serum miRNAs with 2 serum exosomal miRNAs improved the AUC to 0.960 for the patients with NSCLC at early stages, with a sensitivity of 85.42% and a specificity of 92.50%. Conclusion This study suggests that serum exosomal miRNAs other than serum miRNAs might be preferable biomarkers for the patients with NSCLC at early stages, and a combination of serum miRNAs with serum exosomal miRNAs contributes to the further improvement of early diagnosis for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Wu
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Yu
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhu Zheng
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Songgao Zhang
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dunyan Chen
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Pan
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.,Center for Experimental Research in Clinical Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
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Bai SY, Ji R, Wei H, Guo QH, Yuan H, Chen ZF, Wang YP, Liu Z, Yang XY, Zhou YN. Serum miR-551b-3p is a potential diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 30:415-419. [PMID: 31060996 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2019.17875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. Many studies have demonstrated that serum microRNAs have potential applications as non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of serum miR-551b-3p in patients with GC and to explore its potential as a diagnostic biomarker in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of miR-551b-3p was detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in preoperative serum samples of 50 patients with GC and 53 healthy individuals. An analysis was performed to determine the correlation between serum miR-551b-3p levels and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC. The receiver operating characteristic curve was generated, and the cut-off point of serum miR-551b-3p for the diagnosis of GC was selected. The clinical value of serum miR-551b-3p for GC was analyzed by a consistency test. RESULTS The expression of serum miR-551b-3p was significantly lower in patients with GC than in healthy individuals (p=0.000). Low level was positively associated with tumor size (p=0.014), depth of invasion (p=0.001), and Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (p=0.022). The area under the curve for serum miR-551b-3p distinguishing patients with GC from healthy individuals was 0.860 (95% CI: 0.787-0.933, p=0.000), with a specificity of 96.2% and a sensitivity of 70%. The kappa consistency test had a kappa value of 0.667 (p=0.000) in GC. CONCLUSION Serum miR-551b-3p may potentially serve as a diagnostic biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yang Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qing-Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong-Ning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. To improve disease outcome, it is crucial to implement biomarkers into the clinics which assist physicians in their decisions regarding diagnosis, prognosis, as well as prediction of treatment response. Liquid biopsy offers an opportunity to obtain such biomarkers in a minimal invasive manner by retrieving tumor-derived material from body fluids of the patient. The abundance of circulating microRNAs is known to be altered in disease and has therefore been studied extensively as a cancer biomarker. Circulating microRNAs present a variety of favorable characteristics for application as liquid biopsy-based biomarkers, including their high stability, relatively high abundance, and presence is nearly all body fluids. Although the application of circulating microRNAs for the management of lung cancer has not entered the clinics yet, several studies showed their utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy prediction of various treatment strategies, including surgery, radio-/chemotherapy, as well as targeted therapy. To compensate for their limited tumor specificity, several microRNAs are frequently combined into microRNA panels. Moreover, the possibility to combine single microRNAs or microRNA panels with tumor imaging or other cancer-specific biomarkers has the potential to increase specificity and sensitivity and could lead to the clinical application of novel multi-marker combinations.
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65
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Haghjoo N, Moeini A, Masoudi-Nejad A. Introducing a panel for early detection of lung adenocarcinoma by using data integration of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 112:104360. [PMID: 31843580 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung Adenocarcinoma is one of the most leading causes of death worldwide. Early detection of this cancer could enhance the survival chance of patients and even lead to better and more effective treatment. One of the approaches to find out more about biological malfunctions is using "omics" data. Among diverse computational procedures, data integration is becoming a striking tool to deal with complicated diseases such as cancer, considering the defective and informative nature of each kind of "omics" data. Data integration as relates to lung adenocarcinoma can lead to finding molecular biomarkers that could solve early-stage detection and progression prediction alongside other screening technologies like low-dose spiral computed tomography. In the present study, we hypothesized that genes with multiple variations are essential to provoke lung adenocarcinoma and one may use them to predict tumor formation or even cancer development. We integrated the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data. Consequently, five genes were introduced and validated by different analyses including classification of patients and survival analysis. Furthermore, we constructed a bipartite mRNA-miRNA network to identify a set of miRNAs for further experimental analyses. Finally, a sensitive and specific diagnostic panel comprising CDKN2A, CX3CR1, COX4I2, SLC15A2 and TFRC genes were identified for early detection of Lung Adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Haghjoo
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Moeini
- Department of Algorithm and Computation, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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66
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Zheng H, Wu X, Yin J, Wang S, Li Z, You C. Clinical applications of liquid biopsies for early lung cancer detection. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2567-2579. [PMID: 31911847 PMCID: PMC6943362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the clinical utility of liquid biopsies in lung cancer has drawn increasing attention. Having been successfully applied in targeted therapy for late stage lung cancer, liquid biopsies are being further investigated regarding their potential role for early detection of lung cancer. Novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are crucial for identifying patients at early stages as well as for monitoring high-risk populations. A variety of bodily fluids (such as plasma, serum, and sputum) and biomarkers (such as cfDNA, CTCs, gene methylation, and miRNA) have been investigated for their potential role in the diagnosis of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in circulating biomarkers regarding the early detection of lung cancer and discuss their potential applications and challenges in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Lianxi Biotech800 HuanHu Xier Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, Novo Vivo Inc435 Tasso St, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Purdue University625 Agriculture Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University BloomingtonBloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China HospitalChengdu, Sichuan, China
- Shanghai Putuo People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, Novo Vivo Inc435 Tasso St, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Lianxi Biotech800 HuanHu Xier Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Changxuan You
- Department of Oncology, Medical Center for Overseas Patient, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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67
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Li Y, Zhou L, Ni W, Luo Q, Zhu C, Wu Y. Portable and Field-Ready Detection of Circulating MicroRNAs with Paper-Based Bioluminescent Sensing and Isothermal Amplification. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14838-14841. [PMID: 31693337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a paper-based system that integrates bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and isothermal amplification for the analysis of tumor-associated circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in clinical serum samples. The analysis procedure could be easily accomplished with two pieces of functionalized paper and a low-cost smartphone-based device, which enables sequence-specific quantification of femtomolar miRNAs, without the need for tedious handling of aqueous reactions and operation of sophisticated equipment. Furthermore, the analytical performance of the proposed paper-based system was highly stable at room temperature, demonstrating its capability for cold-chain-free and remote deployment. These qualities highlight the practical utility of our method for the portable and field-ready miRNA diagnostic tests in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Ni
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061 , P. R. China
| | - Qingying Luo
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
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Hu Y, Ferdosi S, Kapuruge EP, Diaz de Leon JA, Stücker I, Radoï L, Guénel P, Borges CR. Diagnostic and Prognostic Performance of Blood Plasma Glycan Features in the Women Epidemiology Lung Cancer (WELCA) Study. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3985-3998. [PMID: 31566983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women living in the United States, which accounts for approximately the same percentage of cancer deaths in women as breast, ovary, and uterine cancers combined. Targeted blood plasma glycomics represents a promising source of noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer. Here, 208 samples from lung cancer patients and 207 age-matched controls enrolled in the Women Epidemiology Lung Cancer (WELCA) study were analyzed by a bottom-up glycan "node" analysis approach. Glycan features, quantified as single analytical signals, including 2-linked mannose, α2-6 sialylation, β1-4 branching, β1-6 branching, 4-linked GlcNAc, and antennary fucosylation, exhibited abilities to distinguish cases from controls (ROC AUCs: 0.68-0.92) and predict survival in patients (hazard ratios: 1.99-2.75) at all stages. Notable alterations of glycan features were observed in stages I-II. Diagnostic and prognostic glycan features were mostly independent of smoking status, age, gender, and histological subtypes of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Hu
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Shadi Ferdosi
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Erandi P Kapuruge
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Jesús Aguilar Diaz de Leon
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Isabelle Stücker
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Cancer and Environment Team, INSERM UMS1018 , University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Loredana Radoï
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Cancer and Environment Team, INSERM UMS1018 , University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 94800 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery , University Paris Descartes , 75006 Paris , France
| | - Pascal Guénel
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Cancer and Environment Team, INSERM UMS1018 , University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay , 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Chad R Borges
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
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Valbuena GN, Apostolidou S, Roberts R, Barnes J, Alderton W, Harper L, Jacobs I, Menon U, Keun HC. The 14q32 maternally imprinted locus is a major source of longitudinally stable circulating microRNAs as measured by small RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15787. [PMID: 31673048 PMCID: PMC6823392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the normal temporal variation of serum molecules is a critical factor for identifying useful candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic disease. Using small RNA sequencing in a longitudinal study of 66 women with no history of cancer, we determined the distribution and dynamics (via intraclass correlation coefficients, ICCs) of the miRNA profile over 3 time points sampled across 2-5 years in the course of the screening trial, UKCTOCS. We were able to define a subset of longitudinally stable miRNAs (ICC >0.75) that were individually discriminating of women who had no cancer over the study period. These miRNAs were dominated by those originating from the C14MC cluster that is subject to maternal imprinting. This assessment was not significantly affected by common confounders such as age, BMI or time to centrifugation nor alternative methods to data normalisation. Our analysis provides important benchmark data supporting the development of miRNA biomarkers for the impact of life-course exposure as well as diagnosis and prognostication of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel N Valbuena
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Apostolidou
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Rhiannon Roberts
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Julie Barnes
- Abcodia Ltd, PO Box 268, Royston, SG8 1EL, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Wendy Alderton
- Abcodia Ltd, PO Box 268, Royston, SG8 1EL, Hertfordshire, UK
- Early Detection Programme, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lauren Harper
- Cancer Research UK, Angel Building, 407 St John Street, London, UK
| | - Ian Jacobs
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Lee H, Lee SH. Single to three nucleotide polymorphisms assay of miRNA-21 using DNA capped gold nanoparticle-electrostatic force microscopy system. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-019-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) in biological cells is crucial evidence for early diagnosis of cancer. Improvements in molecular detection techniques enabled miRNA to be detected in human blood obtained from liquid biopsies (e.g., Polymerase chain reaction, microcantilever sensor, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy). Despite the advances in molecular detection technology, a simultaneous detection of single or multiple mutations of miRNAs is still a challenge. Here, we show electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) imaging of DNA-capped gold nanoparticles (DCNP) that enables discrimination between single and three-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, TNP): 1 and 3-point mismatched nucleotides in miRNA-21 (M1_RNA, M3_RNA). Detection of the miRNA-21 and their mutant sequence is owing to sterically well-adjusted DNA–RNA interactions that take place within the confined spaces of DCNP. The average absolute EFM amplitudes of DCNP interacting with M1_RNA, and M3_RNA (− 81.0 ± 11.5, and − 65.7 ± 8.2 mV) were found to be lower than the DCNP reacting with normal (non-mutant) miRNA-21 (− 100.2 ± 13.6 mV).
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71
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Bottani M, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Circulating miRNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Common Solid Tumors: Focus on Lung, Breast, Prostate Cancers, and Osteosarcoma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1661. [PMID: 31614612 PMCID: PMC6833074 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An early cancer diagnosis is essential to treat and manage patients, but it is difficult to achieve this goal due to the still too low specificity and sensitivity of classical methods (imaging, actual biomarkers), together with the high invasiveness of tissue biopsies. The discovery of novel, reliable, and easily collectable cancer markers is a topic of interest, with human biofluids, especially blood, as important sources of minimal invasive biomarkers such as circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), the most promising. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs and known epigenetic modulators of gene expression, with specific roles in cancer development/progression, which are next to be implemented in the clinical routine as biomarkers for early diagnosis and the efficient monitoring of tumor progression and treatment response. Unfortunately, several issues regarding their validation process are still to be resolved. In this review, updated findings specifically focused on the clinical relevance of circulating miRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for the most prevalent cancer types (breast, lung, and prostate cancers in adults, and osteosarcoma in children) are described. In addition, deep analysis of pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical issues still affecting the circulation of miRNAs' validation process and routine implementation is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bottani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy.
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, ul. Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Pomorskie, Poland.
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72
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Yang X, Su W, Chen X, Geng Q, Zhai J, Shan H, Guo C, Wang Z, Fu H, Jiang H, Lin J, Lagisetty KH, Zhang J, Li Y, Yang S, Massion PP, Beer DG, Chang AC, Ramnath N, Chen G. Validation of a serum 4-microRNA signature for the detection of lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:636-648. [PMID: 31737499 PMCID: PMC6835096 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.09.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have identified a serum-based 4-microRNA (4-miRNA) signature that may help distinguish patients with lung cancer (LC) from non-cancer controls (NCs). Here, we used an extended independent cohort of 398 subjects to further validate the diagnostic ability of this 4-miRNA signature. METHODS Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), expression of the 4-miRNAs was assessed in a total of 398 sera that included 213 LC patients and 185 NCs. A logistic regression model using training-test sets, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and t-test were used to test the impact of varying expression of these miRNAs on its diagnostic accuracy for LC. The cell proliferation and colony formation affected by these miRNAs, as well as gene ontology (GO) analysis of miRNA target genes were performed. RESULTS The levels of the 4-miRNAs were significantly higher in the serum of patients with LCs as compared to NCs. Using a logistic regression prediction model based on training and test sets analysis, we obtained the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.921 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.876-0.966] on the test set with specificity 90.6%, sensitivity 77.9%, accuracy 84.1%, positive predictive value (PPV) 89.8% and negative predictive value (NPV) 79.5%. CONCLUSIONS We have verified that this serum 4-miRNA signature could provide a promising noninvasive biomarker for the prediction of LC, particularly in patients with indeterminate lung nodules on screening CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenmei Su
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Xiuyuan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jingyi Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hu Shan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Chunfang Guo
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhuwen Wang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Han Fu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jules Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kiran Hari Lagisetty
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
| | - Pierre P. Massion
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David G. Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew C. Chang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nithya Ramnath
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Veterans Administration Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guoan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Direct S-Poly(T) Plus assay in quantification of microRNAs without RNA extraction and its implications in colorectal cancer biomarker studies. J Transl Med 2019; 17:316. [PMID: 31547825 PMCID: PMC6757382 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in microRNAs (miRNAs) biomarkers have generated disease markers with potential clinical values. However, none of these published results have been applied in clinic until today. The main reason could be the lack of simple but robust miRNA measurements. METHODS We built up a simple but ultrasensitive RT-qPCR protocol, Direct S-Poly(T) Plus assay, for detecting miRNAs without RNA purification. In this study, the method was optimized and compared with other RNA purification-based miRNA assays, and the sensitivity was tested. Using Direct S-Poly(T) Plus method, seven potential miRNA biomarkers of colorectal cancer were validated. RESULTS It is possible to detect approximately 100 miRNAs with minimal plasma inputs (20 μl) and time (~ 140 min) with this approach. The sensitivity of this method was 2.7-343-fold higher than that of the stem-loop method, and comparable with S-Poly(T) plus method. 7 validated miRNA biomarkers of colorectal cancer by Direct S-Poly(T) plus assay could discriminate colorectal cancer stage I from healthy individuals, and promised satisfactory discrimination with the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve ranging from 0.79 to 0.94 (p value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This simple and robust protocol may have strong impact on the development of specific miRNAs as biomarkers in clinic.
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74
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D'Antona P, Cattoni M, Dominioni L, Poli A, Moretti F, Cinquetti R, Gini E, Daffrè E, Noonan DM, Imperatori A, Rotolo N, Campomenosi P. Serum miR-223: A Validated Biomarker for Detection of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1926-1933. [PMID: 31488416 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The published circulating miRNA signatures proposed for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) detection are inconsistent and difficult to replicate. Reproducibility and validation of an miRNA simple signature of NSCLC are prerequisites for translation to clinical application. METHODS The serum level of miR-223 and miR-29c, emerging from published studies, respectively, as a highly sensitive and a highly specific biomarker of early-stage NSCLC, was measured with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technique in an Italian cohort of 75 patients with stage I-II NSCLC and 111 tumor-free controls. By ROC curve analysis we evaluated the miR-223 and miR-29c performance in discerning NSCLC cases from healthy controls. RESULTS Reproducibility and robust measurability of the two miRNAs using ddPCR were documented. In a training set (40 stage I-II NSCLCs and 56 controls), miR-223 and miR-29c, respectively, showed an AUC of 0.753 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.655-0.836] and 0.632 (95% CI, 0.527-0.729) in identifying NSCLC. Combination of miR-223 with miR-29c yielded an AUC of 0.750, not improved over that of miR-223 alone. Furthermore, in an independent blind set (35 stage I-II NSCLCs and 55 controls), we validated serum miR-223 as an effective biomarker of stage I-II NSCLC (AUC = 0.808; 95% CI, 0.712-0.884), confirming the miR-223 diagnostic performance reported by others in Chinese cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Using ddPCR technology, miR-223 was externally validated as a reproducible, effective serum biomarker of early-stage NSCLC in ethnically different subjects. Combination with miR-29c did not improve the miR-223 diagnostic performance. IMPACT Serum miR-223 determination may be proposed as a tool for refining NSCLC risk stratification, independent of smoking habit and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola D'Antona
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Cattoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, DMS, Center for Thoracic Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, DMS, Center for Thoracic Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Albino Poli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretti
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cinquetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Daffrè
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, DMS, Center for Thoracic Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Imperatori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, DMS, Center for Thoracic Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nicola Rotolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, DMS, Center for Thoracic Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Campomenosi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, DBSV, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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75
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Lin Q, Qu M, Zhou B, Patra HK, Sun Z, Luo Q, Yang W, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Deng L, Wang L, Gong T, He Q, Zhang L, Sun X, Zhang Z. Exosome-like nanoplatform modified with targeting ligand improves anti-cancer and anti-inflammation effects of imperialine. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:104-116. [PMID: 31484040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, most anti-cancer therapies are still haunted by serious and deleterious adverse effects. Here, we report a highly biocompatible tumor cell-targeting delivery systems utilizing exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) that delivers a low-toxicity anti-cancer agent imperialine against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, we introduced a novel micelle-aided method to efficiently load imperialine into intact ELVs. Then, integrin α3β1-binding octapeptide cNGQGEQc was modified onto ELV platform for tumor targeting as integrin α3β1 is overexpressed on NSCLC cells. This system not only significantly improved imperialine tumor accumulation and retention, but also had extremely low systemic toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our discoveries offer new ways to utilize ELV more efficiently for both drug loading and targeting. The solid pharmacokinetics improvement and extraordinary safety of this system also highlight possibilities of alternative long course cancer therapies using similar strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Mengke Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bingjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping 58185, Sweden; Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9BB, United Kingdom
| | - Zihan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yongcui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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76
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Sheervalilou R, Lotfi H, Shirvaliloo M, Sharifi A, Nazemiyeh M, Zarghami N. Circulating MiR-10b, MiR-1 and MiR-30a Expression Profiles in Lung Cancer: Possible Correlation with Clinico-pathologic Characteristics and Lung Cancer Detection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2019; 8:118-129. [PMID: 32215263 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.8.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs have been recognized as promising biomarkers for the detection of lung cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate miR-10b, miR-1 and, miR-30a in the plasma samples of lung cancer patients to confirm any possible relevance in the early detection of lung cancer. Plasma samples from 47 non-small-cell lung cancer patients and 41 cancer-free subjects were evaluated for selected microRNAs using the real-time PCR method. To evaluate the tobacco smoking effects on microRNAs expression, the studied groups were categorized into two subgroups: never-smokers and smokers. MiR-1/miR-30a expression levels were significantly reduced in lung cancer, while the miR-10b level was significantly elevated. We found that smoking had significant effects on the levels of circulating microRNAs in the smokers of the cancer-free group (a significant up-regulation of miR-10b and significant down-regulation of miR-1/miR-30a), and lung cancer patients (a significant elevation of miR-10b). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that miR-10b with an area under the curve of 0.861, and miR-1/miR-30a with values of0.905 and 0.889 for the same parameter, could distinguish non-small-cell lung cancer patients from cancer-free subjects. Our findings demonstrated significant differences in the expression of microRNAs in lung cancer and the considerable effects of smoking on microRNAs levels. Area under curve analysis showed that miR-10b with 78% sensitivity/78% specificity, miR-1 with 95% sensitivity/80% specificity and miR-30a with 87% sensitivity/83% specificity,might be good (miR-10b/miR-30a) and excellent (miR-1) markers for lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Sharifi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Nazemiyeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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77
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Fortunato O, Gasparini P, Boeri M, Sozzi G. Exo-miRNAs as a New Tool for Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E888. [PMID: 31242686 PMCID: PMC6627875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the predominant cause of cancer-related deaths. The high mortality rates are mainly due to the lack of diagnosis before the cancer is at a late stage. Liquid biopsy is a promising technique that could allow early diagnosis of lung cancer and better treatment selection for patients. Cell-free microRNAs have been detected in biological fluids, such as serum and plasma, and are considered interesting biomarkers for lung cancer screening and detection. Exosomes are nanovesicles of 30-150 nm and can be released by different cell types within the tumor microenvironment. Their exosomal composition reflects that of their parental cells and could be potentially useful as a biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung cancer, focusing on their potential use in clinical practice. Moreover, we describe the importance of exosomal miRNA cargo in lung cancer detection and their potential role during lung carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss our experience with the analysis of circulating exosomal miRNAs in the bioMILD screening trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Fortunato
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Gasparini
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mattia Boeri
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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78
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Cheung KWE, Choi SYR, Lee LTC, Lee NLE, Tsang HF, Cheng YT, Cho WCS, Wong EYL, Wong SCC. The potential of circulating cell free RNA as a biomarker in cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:579-590. [PMID: 31215265 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1633307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wan Emily Cheung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sin-yu Rachel Choi
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lok Ting Claire Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nga Lam Ella Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yin Tung Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Elaine Yue Ling Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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79
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Yang X, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Su W, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Beer DG, Yang S, Chen G. Serum microRNA Signature Is Capable of Early Diagnosis for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1712-1722. [PMID: 31360113 PMCID: PMC6643220 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of efforts, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer mortality globally primarily due to the challenge in early detection of the cancer. Being an important player in cancer development, the dysregulated miRNAs have been shown promising values as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC. The aim of our study is to access the efficacy and reliability of a potential circulating miRNA panel in early diagnosis of NSCLC. We first selected eight candidate miRNAs, miR-146b, miR-205, miR-29c, miR-31, miR-30b, miR-337, miR-411, and miR-708, which have been shown frequently aberrant in primary NSCLC patients based on our previous studies and other reports. The serum level of each of these miRNAs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in training and testing sets. We found that 5 out of 8 miRNAs (miR-146b, miR-205, miR-29c, miR-30b, and miR-337) were significantly up-regulated in NSCLCs patients compared to healthy or cancer-free controls in both training and testing sets. Based on the logistic regression model, a 4-miRNAs set (miR-146b, miR-205, miR-29c and miR-30b) was picked out of the 5 miRNAs owing to its excellent diagnostic power for NSCLC patients in the training set (AUC=0.99, accuracy=95.00%), the testing set (AUC=0.93, accuracy=89.69%), and the training-testing combined set ( AUC=0.96, accuracy=92.00%). When pathological subtypes of NSCLC are compared, this 4-miRNA panel carried a relatively higher prediction power and higher sensitivity for adenocarcinoma (AC) (AUC=0.98, sensitivity=99.10%) than for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (AUC=0.93, sensitivity=90.32%). Additionally, this panel demonstrated a comparable diagnostic capacity for stage I (AUC=0.96) and stage II-III (AUC=0.95) of NSCLC, suggesting its role in reflecting the tumor load. Importantly, the high levels of miR-146b and miR-29c in serum were significantly associated with poor 5-year overall survival (OS) (both p=0.04). Further survival analysis showed that high level of miR-146b in serum is specifically correlated with poor survival rate in SCC patients (p=0.0035) but not in AC patients (p=0.83), consistent with our previous finding that the high tissue expression of miR-146b in lung cancer specimen is indicative of a poor prognosis for SCC patients. Altogether, our study demonstrated that the 4-miRNA panel is a novel, sensitive and non-invasive serum marker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenmei Su
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhuwen Wang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - David G Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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80
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Plasma microRNA Profiling Reveals Novel Biomarkers of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: A Multidetector Computed Tomography Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060780. [PMID: 31159404 PMCID: PMC6616954 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) constitutes a novel parameter for cardiometabolic risk assessment and a target for therapy. Here, we evaluated for the first time the plasma microRNA (miRNA) profile as a source of biomarkers for epicardial fat volume (EFV). miRNAs were profiled in plasma samples from 180 patients whose EFV was quantified using multidetector computed tomography. In the screening study, 54 deregulated miRNAs were identified in patients with high EFV levels (highest tertile) compared with matched patients with low EFV levels (lowest tertile). After filtering, 12 miRNAs were selected for subsequent validation. In the validation study, miR-15b-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-148a-3p miR-148b-3p and miR-590-5p were directly associated with EFV, even after adjustment for confounding factors (p value < 0.05 for all models). The addition of miRNA combinations to a model based on clinical variables improved the discrimination (area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) from 0.721 to 0.787). miRNAs correctly reclassified a significant proportion of patients with an integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index of 0.101 and a net reclassification improvement (NRI) index of 0.650. Decision tree models used miRNA combinations to improve their classification accuracy. These results were reproduced using two proposed clinical cutoffs for epicardial fat burden. Internal validation corroborated the robustness of the models. In conclusion, plasma miRNAs constitute novel biomarkers of epicardial fat burden.
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81
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Abstract
While lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for many years in the United States, incidence and mortality statistics - among other measures - vary widely worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the evidence on lung cancer epidemiology, including data of international scope with comparisons of economically, socially, and biologically different patient groups. In industrialized nations, evolving social and cultural smoking patterns have led to rising or plateauing rates of lung cancer in women, lagging the long-declining smoking and cancer incidence rates in men. In contrast, emerging economies vary widely in smoking practices and cancer incidence but commonly also harbor risks from environmental exposures, particularly widespread air pollution. Recent research has also revealed clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlates, leading to greater knowledge in molecular profiling and targeted therapeutics, as well as an emphasis on the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma histology. Furthermore, emergent evidence about the benefits of lung cancer screening has led to efforts to identify high-risk smokers and development of prediction tools. This review also includes a discussion on the epidemiologic characteristics of special groups including women and nonsmokers. Varying trends in smoking largely dictate international patterns in lung cancer incidence and mortality. With declining smoking rates in developed countries and knowledge gains made through molecular profiling of tumors, the emergence of new risk factors and disease features will lead to changes in the landscape of lung cancer epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Barta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
| | - Juan P. Wisnivesky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, US
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82
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Dama E, Melocchi V, Colangelo T, Cuttano R, Bianchi F. Deciphering the Molecular Profile of Lung Cancer: New Strategies for the Early Detection and Prognostic Stratification. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010108. [PMID: 30658453 PMCID: PMC6352200 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in radiological imaging and genomic analysis are profoundly changing the way to manage lung cancer patients. Screening programs which couple lung cancer risk prediction models and low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) recently showed their effectiveness in the early diagnosis of lung tumors. In addition, the emerging field of radiomics is revolutionizing the approach to handle medical images, i.e., from a “simple” visual inspection to a high-throughput analysis of hundreds of quantitative features of images which can predict prognosis and therapy response. Yet, with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the establishment of large genomic consortia, the whole mutational and transcriptomic profile of lung cancer has been unveiled and made publicly available via web services interfaces. This has tremendously accelerated the discovery of actionable mutations, as well as the identification of cancer biomarkers, which are pivotal for development of personalized targeted therapies. In this review, we will describe recent advances in cancer biomarkers discovery for early diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dama
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Unit of Oncology Biomarkers, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Valentina Melocchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Unit of Oncology Biomarkers, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Unit of Oncology Biomarkers, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Roberto Cuttano
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Unit of Oncology Biomarkers, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Unit of Oncology Biomarkers, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
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83
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Fortunato O, Borzi C, Milione M, Centonze G, Conte D, Boeri M, Verri C, Moro M, Facchinetti F, Andriani F, Roz L, Caleca L, Huber V, Cova A, Camisaschi C, Castelli C, Cancila V, Tripodo C, Pastorino U, Sozzi G. Circulating mir-320a promotes immunosuppressive macrophages M2 phenotype associated with lung cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2746-2761. [PMID: 30426475 PMCID: PMC6590261 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs play a central role in the complex signaling network of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment. Little is known on the origin of circulating miRNAs and their relationship with the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer. Here, we focused on the cellular source and relative contribution of different cell types to circulating miRNAs composing our risk classifier of lung cancer using in vitro/in vivo models and clinical samples. A cell‐type specific expression pattern and topography of several miRNAs such as mir‐145 in fibroblasts, mir‐126 in endothelial cells, mir‐133a in skeletal muscle cells was observed in normal and lung cancer tissues. Granulocytes and platelets are the major contributors of miRNAs release in blood. miRNAs modulation observed in plasma of lung cancer subjects was consistent with de‐regulation of the same miRNAs observed during immunosuppressive conversion of immune cells. In particular, activated neutrophils showed a miRNA profile mirroring that observed in plasma of lung cancer subjects. Interestingly mir‐320a secreted by neutrophils of high‐risk heavy‐smokers promoted an M2‐like protumorigenic phenotype through downregulation of STAT4 when shuttled into macrophages. These findings suggest a multifactorial and nonepithelial cell‐autonomous origin of circulating miRNAs associated with risk of lung cancer and that circulating miRNAs may act in paracrine signaling with causative role in lung carcinogenesis and immunosuppression. What's new? microRNAs play a central role in the complex signaling network of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment. However, little is known on the origin of circulating miRNAs and their mechanisms of action. This study found a multifactorial and non‐epithelial cell‐autonomous origin of circulating miRNAs associated with lung cancer risk. The findings also suggest a link between an immunosuppressive and pro‐tumorigenic microenvironment and modulation of circulating miRNAs associated with lung cancer risk. The authors propose a novel mechanism whereby miRNA released by neutrophils induce macrophage polarization to support lung cancer growth, highlighting the potential for reprogramming macrophages toward an anti‐tumor polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Fortunato
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Borzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Conte
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Boeri
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Verri
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Moro
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facchinetti
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Andriani
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Roz
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Caleca
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Huber
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Agata Cova
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Camisaschi
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Castelli
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Pastorino
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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84
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Circulating small non-coding RNAs associated with age, sex, smoking, body mass and physical activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17650. [PMID: 30518766 PMCID: PMC6281647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) are regulators of cell functions and circulating sncRNAs from the majority of RNA classes are potential non-invasive biomarkers. Understanding how common traits influence ncRNA expression is essential for assessing their biomarker potential. In this study, we identify associations between sncRNA expression and common traits (sex, age, self-reported smoking, body mass, self-reported physical activity). We used RNAseq data from 526 serum samples from the Janus Serum Bank and traits from health examination surveys. Ageing showed the strongest association with sncRNA expression, both in terms of statistical significance and number of RNAs, regardless of RNA class. piRNAs were abundant in the serum samples and they were associated to sex. Interestingly, smoking cessation generally restored RNA expression to non-smoking levels, although for some sncRNAs smoking-related expression levels persisted. Pathway analysis suggests that smoking-related sncRNAs target the cholinergic synapses and may therefore potentially play a role in smoking addiction. Our results show that common traits influence circulating sncRNA expression. It is clear that sncRNA biomarker analyses should be adjusted for age and sex. In addition, for specific sncRNAs, analyses should also be adjusted for body mass, smoking, physical activity and technical factors.
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85
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Seijo LM, Peled N, Ajona D, Boeri M, Field JK, Sozzi G, Pio R, Zulueta JJ, Spira A, Massion PP, Mazzone PJ, Montuenga LM. Biomarkers in Lung Cancer Screening: Achievements, Promises, and Challenges. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:343-357. [PMID: 30529598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present review is an update of the research and development efforts regarding the use of molecular biomarkers in the lung cancer screening setting. The two main unmet clinical needs, namely, the refinement of risk to improve the selection of individuals undergoing screening and the characterization of undetermined nodules found during the computed tomography-based screening process are the object of the biomarkers described in the present review. We first propose some principles to optimize lung cancer biomarker discovery projects. Then, we summarize the discovery and developmental status of currently promising molecular candidates, such as autoantibodies, complement fragments, microRNAs, circulating tumor DNA, DNA methylation, blood protein profiling, or RNA airway or nasal signatures. We also mention other emerging biomarkers or new technologies to follow, such as exhaled breath biomarkers, metabolomics, sputum cell imaging, genetic predisposition studies, and the integration of next-generation sequencing into study of circulating DNA. We also underline the importance of integrating different molecular technologies together with imaging, radiomics, and artificial intelligence. We list a number of completed, ongoing, or planned trials to show the clinical utility of molecular biomarkers. Finally, we comment on future research challenges in the field of biomarkers in the context of lung cancer screening and propose a design of a trial to test the clinical utility of one or several candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Seijo
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain; CIBERES, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nir Peled
- Oncology Division, The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center and Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Solid Tumors Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mattia Boeri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - John K Field
- The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ruben Pio
- Solid Tumors Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier J Zulueta
- Department of Pulmonology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Visiongate Inc., Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Avrum Spira
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Luis M Montuenga
- Solid Tumors Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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86
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Niu Y, Su M, Wu Y, Fu L, Kang K, Li Q, Li L, Hui G, Li F, Gou D. Circulating Plasma miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Obtained by High-Throughput Real-Time PCR Profiling. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:327-336. [PMID: 30377207 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of limited stability and sensitivity, circulating miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers have not so far been used for early diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinic. Therefore, it is imperative to find more reliable biomarker(s). METHODS We performed one of most sensitive qRT-PCR assays, S-Poly(T) Plus, to select differently expressed miRNAs from genome-wide miRNA profiling. miRNA candidates were validated through a three-phase selection and two validation processes with 437 NSCLC cases and 415 controls. RESULTS A unique set of 7 and 9 miRNAs differed significantly in adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples compared with those in controls, of which, there were 5 universal biomarkers for NSCLC (ADC or SCC). Ten of 11 miRNAs could discriminate early stage (stage I) of NSCLC from healthy individuals. Risk score was obtained from the validation set-1 and was tested using the ROC curves with a high area under ROC curve of 0.89 in ADC and 0.96 in SCC. Ultimately, potential biomarkers and the risk score were verified by the validation set-2 with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 91.6% in ADC, and a sensitivity of 98.5% and a specificity of 51.5% in SCC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, 7 miRNAs and 9 miRNAs may provide noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in ADC and SCC, respectively. IMPACT On the basis of our sensitive and accurate method, we hope that these candidate miRNAs may have strong impact on the early lung cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyang Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yike Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Hui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Furong Li
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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87
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Song Z, Liu Y. [Progress of Liquid Biopsy in Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2018; 21:620-627. [PMID: 30172270 PMCID: PMC6105353 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2018.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
肺癌的早期诊断有利于提高患者的生存率。应用影像学方法对肺癌高风险人群进行筛查,可以起到早发现、早诊断的作用。越来越多的研究显示,液体活检(liquid biopsy)可以对该方法进行替代和补充。检测肺癌患者外周血中的循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells, CTCs)、循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA)、微小核糖核酸(microRNA, miRNA)、外泌体(exosomes)、肿瘤血小板(tumor educated platelets, TEPs)可以用于肺癌的早期诊断,并且可能为影像学检查阴性的高风险人群提供相应的诊疗建议。全文就以上标志物的检测手段、在肺癌早期诊断中的价值以及存在优势与局限性进行综述,以期促进液体活检在肺癌早期诊断、与其他筛查手段相结合方面的应用。
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
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88
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Port M, Hérodin F, Valente M, Drouet M, Ostheim P, Majewski M, Abend M. Persistent mRNA and miRNA expression changes in irradiated baboons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15353. [PMID: 30337559 PMCID: PMC6194144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the transcriptome/post-transcriptome for persistent gene expression changes after radiation exposure in a baboon model. Eighteen baboons were irradiated with a whole body equivalent dose of 2.5 or 5 Gy. Blood samples were taken before, 7, 28 and 75–106 days after radiation exposure. Stage I was a whole genome screening for mRNA combined with a qRT-PCR platform for detection of 667 miRNAs. Candidate mRNAs and miRNAs differentially up- or down-regulated in stage I were chosen for validation in stage II using the remaining samples. Only 12 of 32 candidate genes provided analyzable results with two mRNAs showing significant 3–5-fold differences in gene expression over the reference (p < 0.0001). From 667 candidate miRNAs, 290 miRNA were eligible for analysis with 21 miRNAs independently validated using qRT-PCR. These miRNAs showed persistent expression changes on each day and over days 7–106 days after exposure (n = 7). In particular miR-212 involved in radiosensitivity and immune modulation appeared persistently and 48–77-fold up-regulated over the entire time period. We are finally trying to put our results into a context of clinical implications and provide possible hints on underlying molecular mechanisms to be examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, Munich, 80937, Germany
| | - Francis Hérodin
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, 91220, France
| | - Marco Valente
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, 91220, France
| | - Michel Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, 91220, France
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, Munich, 80937, Germany
| | - Matthäus Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, Munich, 80937, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstr. 11, Munich, 80937, Germany.
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89
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Yu H, Guan Z, Cuk K, Brenner H, Zhang Y. Circulating microRNA biomarkers for lung cancer detection in Western populations. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4849-4862. [PMID: 30259714 PMCID: PMC6198213 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Patients with LC usually have poor prognosis due to the difficulties in detecting tumors at early stages. Multiple studies have shown that circulating miRNAs might be promising biomarkers for early detection of LC. We aimed to provide an overview of published studies on circulating miRNA markers for early detection of LC and to summarize their diagnostic performance in Western populations. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge to find relevant studies published up to 11 August 2017. Information on study design, population characteristics, miRNA markers, and diagnostic accuracy (including sensitivity, specificity, and AUC) were independently extracted by two reviewers. Overall, 17 studies evaluating 35 circulating miRNA markers and 19 miRNA panels in serum or plasma were included. The median sensitivity (range) and specificity (range) were, respectively, 78.4% (51.7%-100%) and 78.7% (42.9%-93.5%) for individual miRNAs, and 83.0% (64.0%-100%) and 84.9% (71.0%-100%) for miRNA panels. Most studies incorporated individual miRNA markers as panels (with 2-34 markers), with multiple miRNA-based panels generally outperforming individual markers. Two promising miRNA panels were discovered and verified in prospective cohorts. Of note, both studies exclusively applied miRNA ratios when building up panels. In conclusion, circulating miRNAs may bear potential for noninvasive LC screening, but large studies conducted in screening or longitudinal settings are needed to validate the promising results and optimize the marker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Yu
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhong Guan
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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90
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Aiso T, Ohtsuka K, Ueda M, Karita S, Yokoyama T, Takata S, Matsuki N, Kondo H, Takizawa H, Okada AA, Watanabe T, Ohnishi H. Serum levels of candidate microRNA diagnostic markers differ among the stages of non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6643-6651. [PMID: 30405804 PMCID: PMC6202492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Numerous studies evaluating miRNAs as markers for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been conducted in recent years; however, the majority of candidate markers proposed via individual studies were inconsistent and no marker miRNAs for the diagnosis of early stage NSCLC have been established. In the present study, miR-145, miR-20a, miR-21 and miR-223, which were previously reported as candidate diagnostic markers of NSCLC, were re-evaluated. The serum levels of these miRNAs were quantified in 56 patients with stage I-IV NSCLC using the TaqMan microRNA assays and separately compared the levels at each stage with those in 26 control patients. The level of miR-145 was significantly reduced in patients with NSCLC, regardless of clinical stage, and its level increased following tumor resection in patients with stage I-II disease. These results indicate that miR-145 is relevant as a diagnostic marker for stages I-IV NSCLC. Additionally, the levels of miR-20a and miR-21 demonstrated notable differences among patients at different clinical stages. These miRNAs distinguished patients in a number of, but not all, stages of NSCLC from cancer-free control patients. These results indicated that it is essential to analyze miRNA levels at each stage separately in order to evaluate marker miRNAs for NSCLC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Aiso
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Kouki Ohtsuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Makiko Ueda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shin Karita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, JR Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo 151-8528, Japan
| | - Takuma Yokoyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Saori Takata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Naoko Matsuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kondo
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Annabelle A Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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91
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Schrank Z, Khan N, Osude C, Singh S, Miller RJ, Merrick C, Mabel A, Kuckovic A, Puri N. Oligonucleotides Targeting Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092267. [PMID: 30189661 PMCID: PMC6225148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase have become attractive targets for the development of anticancer therapeutics due to their involvement in cancer cell immortality. Currently, several therapeutics have been developed that directly target telomerase and telomeres, such as telomerase inhibitors and G-quadruplex stabilizing ligands. Telomere-specific oligonucleotides that reduce telomerase activity and disrupt telomere architecture are also in development as novel anticancer therapeutics. Specifically, GRN163L and T-oligos have demonstrated promising anticancer activity in multiple cancers types via induction of potent DNA damage responses. Currently, several miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of telomerase activity and may prove to be valuable targets in the development of novel therapies by reducing expression of telomerase subunits. Targeting miRNAs that are known to increase expression of telomerase subunits may be another strategy to reduce carcinogenesis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of current oligonucleotide-based anticancer therapies that target telomeres and telomerase. These studies may help design novel therapeutic approaches to overcome the challenges of oligonucleotide therapy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Schrank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Nabiha Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Chike Osude
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Sanjana Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Rachel J Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Collin Merrick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Alexander Mabel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Adijan Kuckovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
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92
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Low-dose computed tomography screening reduces lung cancer mortality. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:230-236. [PMID: 29425790 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer causes an estimated 1.6 million deaths each year, being the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Late diagnosis and, in some cases, the high aggressiveness of the tumour result in low overall five-year survival rates of 12% among men and 7% among women. The cure is most likely in early-stage disease. The poor outcomes of treatment in lung cancer resulting from the fact that most cases are diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease justify the implementation of an optimal lung cancer prevention in the form of smoking cessation and screening programmes that would offer a chance to detect early stages of the disease, while fitting within specific economic constraints. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) - the largest and most expensive randomised, clinical trial in the USA demonstrated a 20% mortality rate reduction in patients who had undergone chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening, as compared to patients screened with a conventional chest X-ray. Results of the NLST enabled the implementation of lung cancer screening programme among highrisk patients in the USA and parts of China. In 2017, recommendations of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons also strongly recommend an implementation of a screening programme in the EU. Further studies of improved lung cancer risk assessment scores and of effective molecular markers should intensify in order to reduce all potential harms to the high-risk group and to increase cost-effectiveness of the screening.
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93
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Myint NNM, Verma AM, Fernandez-Garcia D, Sarmah P, Tarpey PS, Al-Aqbi SS, Cai H, Trigg R, West K, Howells LM, Thomas A, Brown K, Guttery DS, Singh B, Pringle HJ, McDermott U, Shaw JA, Rufini A. Circulating tumor DNA in patients with colorectal adenomas: assessment of detectability and genetic heterogeneity. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:894. [PMID: 30166531 PMCID: PMC6117318 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Improving early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a key public health priority as adenomas and stage I cancer can be treated with minimally invasive procedures. Population screening strategies based on detection of occult blood in the feces have contributed to enhance detection rates of localized disease, but new approaches based on genetic analyses able to increase specificity and sensitivity could provide additional advantages compared to current screening methodologies. Recently, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has received much attention as a cancer biomarker for its ability to monitor the progression of advanced disease, predict tumor recurrence and reflect the complex genetic heterogeneity of cancers. Here, we tested whether analysis of cfDNA is a viable tool to enhance detection of colon adenomas. To address this, we assessed a cohort of patients with adenomas and healthy controls using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and mutation-specific assays targeted to trunk mutations. Additionally, we performed multiregional, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of adenomas and unmasked extensive heterogeneity, affecting known drivers such as APC, KRAS and mismatch repair (MMR) genes. However, tumor-related mutations were undetectable in patients' plasma. Finally, we employed a preclinical mouse model of Apc-driven intestinal adenomas and confirmed the inability to identify tumor-related alterations via cfDNA, despite the enhanced disease burden displayed by this experimental cancer model. Therefore, we conclude that benign colon lesions display extensive genetic heterogeneity, that they are not prone to release DNA into the circulation and are unlikely to be reliably detected with liquid biopsies, at least with the current technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ni Moe Myint
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Ajay M Verma
- University of Leicester, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | | | - Panchali Sarmah
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | | | - Saif Sattar Al-Aqbi
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Hong Cai
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Ricky Trigg
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Kevin West
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, NN16 8UZ, UK
| | - Lynne M Howells
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Anne Thomas
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Karen Brown
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - David S Guttery
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Baljit Singh
- University of Leicester, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Howard J Pringle
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | | | - Jacqui A Shaw
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
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94
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Han Y, Li H. miRNAs as biomarkers and for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:3119-3131. [PMID: 29997981 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.05.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the most common cause of cancer death globally, of which 85% is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Early detection of NSCLC is essential to identify potential individuals for radical cure. Although low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended as standard screening with a mortality reduction of 20%, it displays a high false positive rate that poses an issue of overdiagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs acting as important regulators in post-transcriptional gene expression and have been studied for their extensive role as novel biomarkers in NSCLC. Herein, we discuss the miRNA biology, its role in cancer, the potential of biomarkers both in cancer and NSCLC, and promising current publications of diagnostic biomarkers for early detection in NSCLC, especially studies in order to complement LDCT screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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95
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Yang L, Zhang Q, Bai L, Li TY, He C, Ma QL, Li LS, Huang XQ, Qian GS. Assessment of the cancer risk factors of solitary pulmonary nodules. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29318-29327. [PMID: 28404977 PMCID: PMC5438732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no large samples or exact prediction models for assessing the cancer risk factors of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) in the Chinese population. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of patients with SPNs who underwent computer tomography guided needle biopsy in our hospital from Jan 1st of 2011 to March 30th of 2016. These patients were divided into a development data set and a validation data set. These groups included 1078 and 344 patients, respectively. A prediction model was developed from the development data set and was validated with the validation data set using logistic regression. The predictors of cancer in our model included female gender, age, pack-years of smoking, a previous history of malignancy, nodule size, lobulated and spiculated edges, lobulation alone and spiculation alone. The Area Under the Curves, sensitivity and specificity of our model in the development and validation data sets were significantly higher than those of the Mayo model and VA model (p < 0.001). We established the largest sampling risk prediction model of SPNs in a Chinese cohort. This model is particularly applicable to SPNs > 8 mm in size. SPNs in female patients, as well as SPNs featuring a combination of lobulated and spiculated edges or lobulated edges alone, should be evaluated carefully due to the probability that they are malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Interventional Radiology Department, the First Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Bai
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ting-Yuan Li
- Interventional Radiology Department, the First Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chuang He
- Interventional Radiology Department, the First Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qian-Li Ma
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Liang-Shan Li
- Interventional Radiology Department, the First Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xue-Quan Huang
- Interventional Radiology Department, the First Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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96
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Exosomal miRNAs species in the blood of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19793-19806. [PMID: 29731983 PMCID: PMC5929426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a devastating disease with overall bleak prognosis. Current methods to diagnose lung cancer are rather invasive and are inadequate to detect the disease at an early stage when treatment is likely to be most effective. In this study, a shotgun sequencing approach was used to study the microRNA (miRNA) cargo of serum-derived exosomes of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (n=9) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (n=11) patients, and healthy controls (n=10). The study has identified 17 miRNA species that are differentially expressed in cancer patients and control subjects. Furthermore, within the patient groups, a set of miRNAs were differentially expressed in exosomal samples obtained before and after chemotherapy treatment. This manuscript demonstrates the potential of exosomal miRNAs for developing noninvasive tests for disease differentiation and treatment monitoring in lung cancer patients.
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97
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Li L, Sun Y, Feng M, Wang L, Liu J. Clinical significance of blood-based miRNAs as biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8915-8925. [PMID: 29805626 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all cases of lung cancer. However, the predicted 5-year survival rate of patients with NSCLC is only 15.9%. microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, noncoding RNA molecules that are easily detectable in blood in a non-invasive manner, with features of stability, reproducibility and consistency in blood. Therefore, miRNAs derived from blood are able to have a significant impact on NSCLC diagnosis, metastasis and targeted therapies. Compared with the clinical protein markers carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin fragment 21-1 and cancer antigen-125, blood-based miRNAs also display a higher diagnostic efficacy in NSCLC. Exosomal miRNAs are identified to be easily measured and have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers in NSCLC, therefore providing an alternative method of biopsy profiling. The miRNA profile in exosomes is similar to the profile in primary tumor, meaning that this feature may be a powerful tool for NSCLC clinical diagnosis and targeted therapies. The focus of the present review was the clinical significance of blood-based exosomal miRNAs in diagnosis, prognosis, metastasis and targeted therapies of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Min Feng
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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98
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Santarpia M, Liguori A, D'Aveni A, Karachaliou N, Gonzalez-Cao M, Daffinà MG, Lazzari C, Altavilla G, Rosell R. Liquid biopsy for lung cancer early detection. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S882-S897. [PMID: 29780635 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have markedly improved the therapeutic management of advanced lung cancer. However, it still remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with disease stage at diagnosis representing the main prognostic factor. Detection of lung cancer at an earlier stage of disease, potentially susceptible of curative resection, can be critical to improve patients survival. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening of high-risk patients has been demonstrated to reduce mortality from lung cancer, but can be also associated with high false-positive rate, thus often resulting in unnecessary interventions for patients. Novel sensitive and specific biomarkers for identification of high-risk subjects and early detection that can be used alternatively and/or complement current routine diagnostic procedures are needed. Liquid biopsy has recently demonstrated its clinical usefulness in advanced NSCLC as a surrogate of tissue biopsy for noninvasive assessment of specific genomic alterations, thereby providing prognostic and predictive information. Different biosources from liquid biopsy, including cell free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), have also been widely investigated for their potential role in lung cancer diagnosis. This review will provide an overview on the circulating biomarkers being evaluated for lung cancer detection, mainly focusing on results from most recent studies, the techniques developed to perform their assessment in blood and other biologic fluids and challenges in their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Liguori
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Aveni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Cao
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Oncology Rosell (IOR), Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Daffinà
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Altavilla
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
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99
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Identification of a three-miRNA signature as a blood-borne diagnostic marker for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26070-86. [PMID: 27036025 PMCID: PMC5041965 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The subtypes of NSCLC have unique characteristics of pathogenic mechanism and responses to targeted therapies. Thus, non-invasive markers for diagnosis of different subtypes of NSCLC at early stage are needed. Results Based on the results from the screening and validation process, 3 miRNAs (miR-532, miR-628-3p and miR-425-3p) were found to display significantly different expression levels in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, as compared to those in healthy controls. ROC analysis showed that the miRNA–based biomarker could distinguish lung adenocarcinoma from healthy controls with high AUC (0.974), sensitivity (91.5%), and specificity (97.8%). Importantly, these three miRNAs could also distinguish lung adenocarcinoma from lung benigh diseases and other subtypes of lung cancer. Methods Two hundreds and one early-stage lung adenocarcinoma cases and one hundreds seventy eight age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited to this study. We screened the differentially expressed plasma miRNAs using TaqMan Low Density Arrays (TLDA) followed by three-phase qRT-PCR validation. A risk score model was established to evaluate the diagnostic value of the plasma miRNA profiling system. Conclusions Taken together, these findings suggest that the 3 miRNA–based biomarker might serve as a novel non-invasive approach for diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.
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100
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Gasparri R, Romano R, Sedda G, Borri A, Petrella F, Galetta D, Casiraghi M, Spaggiari L. Diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer prevention. J Breath Res 2018; 12:027111. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa9386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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