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Thoi VS, Kornienko N, Margarit CG, Yang P, Chang CJ. Visible-light photoredox catalysis: selective reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide by a nickel N-heterocyclic carbene-isoquinoline complex. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14413-24. [PMID: 24033186 DOI: 10.1021/ja4074003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The solar-driven reduction of carbon dioxide to value-added chemical fuels is a longstanding challenge in the fields of catalysis, energy science, and green chemistry. In order to develop effective CO2 fixation, several key considerations must be balanced, including (1) catalyst selectivity for promoting CO2 reduction over competing hydrogen generation from proton reduction, (2) visible-light harvesting that matches the solar spectrum, and (3) the use of cheap and earth-abundant catalytic components. In this report, we present the synthesis and characterization of a new family of earth-abundant nickel complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbene-amine ligands that exhibit high selectivity and activity for the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CO. Systematic changes in the carbene and amine donors of the ligand have been surveyed, and [Ni((Pr)bimiq1)](2+) (1c, where (Pr)bimiq1 = bis(3-(imidazolyl)isoquinolinyl)propane) emerges as a catalyst for electrochemical reduction of CO2 with the lowest cathodic onset potential (E(cat) = -1.2 V vs SCE). Using this earth-abundant catalyst with Ir(ppy)3 (where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) and an electron donor, we have developed a visible-light photoredox system for the catalytic conversion of CO2 to CO that proceeds with high selectivity and activity and achieves turnover numbers and turnover frequencies reaching 98,000 and 3.9 s(-1), respectively. Further studies reveal that the overall efficiency of this solar-to-fuel cycle may be limited by the formation of the active Ni catalyst and/or the chemical reduction of CO2 to CO at the reduced nickel center and provide a starting point for improved photoredox systems for sustainable carbon-neutral energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sara Thoi
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Molecular and Cell Biology and the §Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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52
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Frath D, Yarnell JE, Ulrich G, Castellano FN, Ziessel R. Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Viologen‐Linked BODIPY Dyes. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3348-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Frath
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées, ICPEES, UMR 7515 au CNRS, Ecole Européene de Chimie, Polymère, et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐68‐85‐26‐89 http://icpees.unistra.fr/lcosa/
| | - James E. Yarnell
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, 43403 (USA)
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées, ICPEES, UMR 7515 au CNRS, Ecole Européene de Chimie, Polymère, et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐68‐85‐26‐89 http://icpees.unistra.fr/lcosa/
| | - Felix N. Castellano
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, 43403 (USA)
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Spectroscopies Avancées, ICPEES, UMR 7515 au CNRS, Ecole Européene de Chimie, Polymère, et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐68‐85‐26‐89 http://icpees.unistra.fr/lcosa/
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Eckenhoff WT, McNamara WR, Du P, Eisenberg R. Cobalt complexes as artificial hydrogenases for the reductive side of water splitting. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:958-73. [PMID: 23689026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The generation of H2 from protons and electrons by complexes of cobalt has an extensive history. During the past decade, interest in this subject has increased as a result of developments in hydrogen generation that are driven electrochemically or photochemically. This article reviews the subject of hydrogen generation using Co complexes as catalysts and discusses the mechanistic implications of the systems studied for making H2. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Metals in Bioenergetics and Biomimetics Systems.
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Yuan YJ, Yu ZT, Gao HL, Zou ZG, Zheng C, Huang W. Tricyclometalated Iridium Complexes as Highly Stable Photosensitizers for Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2013; 19:6340-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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55
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56
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Wever WJ, Cinelli MA, Bowers AA. Visible Light Mediated Activation and O-Glycosylation of Thioglycosides. Org Lett 2012; 15:30-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302941q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Wever
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Maris A. Cinelli
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Albert A. Bowers
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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57
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Yu ZT, Yuan YJ, Cai JG, Zou ZG. Charge-Neutral Amidinate-Containing Iridium Complexes Capable of Efficient Photocatalytic Water Reduction. Chemistry 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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58
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Ito A, Kang Y, Saito S, Sakuda E, Kitamura N. Photophysical and Photoredox Characteristics of a Novel Tricarbonyl Rhenium(I) Complex Having an Arylborane-Appended Aromatic Diimine Ligand. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:7722-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3007469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eri Sakuda
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi,
Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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59
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Sakuda E, Tanaka M, Ito A, Kitamura N. Dynamic emission quenching of a novel ruthenium(ii) complex by carbon dioxide in solution. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00268j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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60
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Artero V, Chavarot-Kerlidou M, Fontecave M. Splitting Water with Cobalt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7238-66. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1121] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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61
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Watanabe K, Moriya K, Kouyama T, Onoda A, Minatani T, Takizawa SY, Murata S. Photoinduced transmembrane electron transport in DPPC vesicles: Mechanism and application to a hydrogen generation system. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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63
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Ozawa H, Sakai K. Photo-hydrogen-evolving molecular devices driving visible-light-induced water reduction into molecular hydrogen: structure–activity relationship and reaction mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:2227-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04708b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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64
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65
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Doherty MD, Grills DC, Muckerman JT, Polyansky DE, Fujita E. Toward more efficient photochemical CO2 reduction: Use of scCO2 or photogenerated hydrides. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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66
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Synthesis of new CO2-soluble ruthenium(II) and cobalt(II) polypyridine complexes bearing fluorinated alkyl chains and their application to photoreduction of liq. CO2. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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67
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Curtin PN, Tinker LL, Burgess CM, Cline ED, Bernhard S. Structure-activity correlations among iridium(III) photosensitizers in a robust water-reducing system. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:10498-506. [PMID: 19606847 DOI: 10.1021/ic9007763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic water-reducing system utilizing a bis-cyclometalated bipyridyl iridium(III) photosensitizer (PS) and a platinum or palladium heterogeneous catalyst was used to identify systematic property-activity correlations among a library of structural derivatives of [Ir(ppy)(2)(bpy)](+). A heterogeneous Pd catalyst proved to be more durable than its previously reported Pt-based counterpart, allowing for more reliable photosensitizer study. The deliberate steric and electronic variations of the ppy and bpy moieties resulted in a dramatic decrease of the degradation rates observed with selected photosensitizers when compared to the more substitution-labile [Ir(ppy)(2)(bpy)](+) parent compound. An improved photosensitizer structure with a Pd catalyst in a nonligating solvent exhibited a 150-fold increase in catalyst turnover numbers compared to the system using [Ir(ppy)(2)(bpy)](+) and a Pt catalyst. Furthermore, photocatalytic and photophysical studies at varied temperatures provided information on the rate-limiting step of the photocatalytic process, which is shown to be dependent on both the PS and the Pt or Pd catalytic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Curtin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton New Jersey 08544, USA
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69
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Takeda H, Ishitani O. Development of efficient photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction using mononuclear and multinuclear metal complexes based on mechanistic studies. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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70
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Jasimuddin S, Yamada T, Fukuju K, Otsuki J, Sakai K. Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water in self-assembled supramolecular iridium–cobalt systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8466-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02486d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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71
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Li C, Wang M, Pan J, Zhang P, Zhang R, Sun L. Photochemical hydrogen production catalyzed by polypyridyl ruthenium–cobaloxime heterobinuclear complexes with different bridges. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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72
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73
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Inagaki A, Nakagawa H, Akita M, Inoue K, Sakai M, Fujii M. Synthesis of Pd complexes directly linked to the light-absorbing [(bpy)(3)Ru](2+) unit and their photochemical reactions toward styrenes. Dalton Trans 2008:6709-23. [PMID: 19153619 DOI: 10.1039/b809020c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of bipyridyl-Pd and Rh complexes containing a [(bpy)(3)Ru](2+) or [(bpy)(2)Ru(phen)](2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) moiety as visible-light absorbing unit was synthesized. The complexes were synthesized via a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction between the Ru complexes having a 4-bromo-2,2'-bipyridyl ligand and a 2,2'-bipyridyl-4-boronic acid and a subsequent reaction with various mononuclear Pd and Rh precursors. There was a noticeable structural difference between the QP (2,2':4',4'':2'',2'''-quaterpyridyne) and PB (5-(2,2'-bipyridyl)-yl-1,10-phenanthroline) complexes, which involved the dihedral angles within the bridging ligand; the PB complexes possessed large dihedral angles but the QP complexes showed small values. This structural difference clearly indicated a strong pi-conjugation through the QP ligand. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the QP and PB complexes were compared with the parent mononuclear Ru complexes, such as [(bpy)(3)Ru](2+), [(bpy)(2)Ru(phen)](2+), and [(bpy)(2)Ru(bpm)](2+) (bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine). The QP and PB complexes showed a (3)MLCT life time that was similar to [(bpy)(3)Ru](2+) and [(bpy)(2)Ru(phen)](2+), which was about 10 times longer (ca. 1 mus) than the corresponding bpm complexes. Reactivity studies with Pd complexes toward styrene dimerizations were examined. The reaction proceeded under visible-light irradiated conditions and the reactivity of the QP complexes was much higher than the corresponding PB complexes. Substantial acceleration of the reaction was observed with the introduction of an Me substituent on the bipyridyl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Inagaki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-27, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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74
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Lam ST, Wang G, Yam VWW. Luminescent Metallogels of Alkynylrhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Diimine Complexes. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800610x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Tung Lam
- Centre for Carbon-Rich Molecular and Metal-Based Materials Research and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Wang
- Centre for Carbon-Rich Molecular and Metal-Based Materials Research and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Centre for Carbon-Rich Molecular and Metal-Based Materials Research and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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75
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Fujita E, Muckerman JT. Catalytic Reactions Using Transition-Metal-Complexes Toward Solar Fuel Generation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.4019/bjscc.51.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
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76
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J. Esswein
- Department of Chemistry 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
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77
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Himeda Y. Conversion of CO
2
into Formate by Homogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation in Water: Tuning Catalytic Activity and Water Solubility through the Acid–Base Equilibrium of the Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Himeda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5–2, 1–1‐1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8565, Japan, Fax: +81‐29‐861‐4687
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78
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Artificial Photosynthetic Transformations Through Biocatalysis and Biomimetic Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470133514.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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79
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Ozawa H, Yokoyama Y, Haga MA, Sakai K. Syntheses, characterization, and photo-hydrogen-evolving properties of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) derivatives tethered to a cis-Pt(ii)Cl2unit: insights into the structure–activity relationship. Dalton Trans 2007:1197-206. [PMID: 17353951 DOI: 10.1039/b617617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photo-hydrogen-evolving activity (activity to enhance the photochemical EDTA-reduction of water into molecular hydrogen) was evaluated for three different Ru(II)Pt(II) dimers with a general formula of [(bpy)2Ru(micro-bridge)PtCl2]2+(bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; bridge = 4,4'-bis(N-(3-aminopropyl)carbamoyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (L1), 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (L2), and 4,4'-bis(N-(4-pyridyl)methylcarbamoyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (L3); EDTA = ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt). A new Ru(II)Pt(II) complex, [(bpy)2Ru(micro-L3)PtCl2]2+, was synthesized and characterized. It was confirmed that all three compounds are ineffective towards photochemical H2 production. In each case, an acetate-buffer solution (pH = 5) containing the Ru(II)Pt(II) dimer and EDTA was photolysed using a 350-W Xe lamp under an Ar atmosphere, during which the amount of H2 evolved was analysed by gas chromatography. Additional photolysis experiments were carried out by adding [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and methylviologen (N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) to the photolysis solutions described above to test the H2-evolving activity of the Pt(II) unit involved in these Ru(II)Pt(II) dimers. As a result, the Pt(II) units involved in the L1 and L2 compounds were found to be active as an H2-evolving catalyst, while that of the L3 compound was found to show no activity at all. The extent of intramolecular electron-transfer quenching from the 3MLCT excited state of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ derivative to the tethering Pt(II) catalyst centre was investigated by comparison of the luminescence spectra of these compounds, together with the related compounds. The results showed that the quenching of the 3MLCT luminescence is not at all enhanced in either the L1 or the L3 compounds. On the other hand, the L2 compound is strongly quenched as previously reported. In addition to the above studies, the H2-evolving activity of some Pt(II) monomers, cis-PtCl2(NH3)2, PtCl2(en)(en = ethylenediamine), cis-PtCl2(4-methylpyridine)2, PtCl2(2,2'-bipyrimidine), PtCl2(4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine), and [PtCl(terpy)]+(terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine), were similarly investigated in the presence of EDTA, [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and methylviologen, since they were regarded as structural analogues of the Pt(II) units involved in the L1-L3 compounds. The compounds having a cis-Pt(II)Cl2 unit were generally found to show high H2-evolving activity. This was interpreted in terms of the ligation of negatively charged chloride anions leading to the destabilization of the Pt(II) dz2 orbital responsible for the hydrogenic activation. Importantly, cis-PtCl2(4-methylpyridine)2 exhibited relatively high activity as an H2-evolving catalyst, suggesting the importance of the flexible rotation of the pyridyl ligands for efficient hydrogenic activation at the axial site of the Pt(II) ion. The DFT calculations also showed the validity of the structure-activity relationship discussed above for the L3 compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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80
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Sutin N, Creutz C, Fujita E. Photo-Induced Generation of Dihydrogen and Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using Transition Metal Complexes. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/02603599708032729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Sutin
- a Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York , 11973-5000
| | - Carol Creutz
- a Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York , 11973-5000
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- a Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York , 11973-5000
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81
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Himeda Y, Onozawa-Komatsuzaki N, Sugihara H, Kasuga K. Highly efficient conversion of carbon dioxide catalyzed by half-sandwich complexes with pyridinol ligand: The electronic effect of oxyanion. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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82
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Rivarola CR, Bertolotti SG, Previtali CM. Photoreduction of Ru(bpy)32+ by Amines in Aqueous Solution. Kinetics Characterization of a Long-Lived Nonemitting Excited State†. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:213-8. [PMID: 16097860 DOI: 10.1562/2005-05-31-ra-558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of Ru(bpy)(3)+2 in the presence of amines was investigated in water by laser flash photolysis. N,N'-Dimethylaniline and p-phenylenediamine quench the luminescent metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state of the complex by an electron transfer reaction that produces the semireduced form Ru(bpy)3+ in relatively high yields. On the other hand, triethylamine (TEA) and aniline do not quench the MLCT. Nevertheless, when laser flash irradiation at 532 nm is carried out in the presence of these amines, the formation of Ru(bpy)3+ is clearly detected by its transient absorption at 510 nm. These results are interpreted by an electron transfer reaction with the participation of a nonemitting excited state of the complex, formed independently of the MLCT from the Franck-Condon or the relaxed singlet excited state. The rate constants for the quenching of this state by TEA and aniline and the quantum yields for Ru(bpy)(3)+ were determined. The new state is formed in a very fast process and has a lifetime of ca 4 micros in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R Rivarola
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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83
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Artificial photosynthetic model systems using light-induced electron transfer reactions in catalytic and biocatalytic assemblies. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-53257-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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84
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Goldsmith JI, Hudson WR, Lowry MS, Anderson TH, Bernhard S. Discovery and High-Throughput Screening of Heteroleptic Iridium Complexes for Photoinduced Hydrogen Production. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:7502-10. [PMID: 15898800 DOI: 10.1021/ja0427101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic process of photoinduced hydrogen generation via the reduction of water has been investigated. The use of parallel synthetic techniques has facilitated the synthesis of a 32 member library of heteroleptic iridium complexes that was screened, using high-throughput photophysical techniques, to identify six potential photosensitizers for use in catalytic photoinduced hydrogen production. A Pd/Ni thin film hydrogen selective sensor allowed for rapid quantification of hydrogen produced via illumination of aqueous systems of the photosensitizer, tris(2,2'-dipyridyl)dichlorocobalt ([Co(bpy)(3)]Cl(2)), and triethanolamine (a sacrificial reductant) with ultra-bright light emitting diodes (LEDs). The use of an 8-well parallel photoreactor expedited the investigation of the hydrogen evolution process and facilitated mechanistic studies. All six compounds investigated produced considerably more hydrogen than commonly utilized photosensitizers and had relative quantum efficiencies of hydrogen production up to 37 times greater than that of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas I Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544, USA
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85
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Electrochemical reduction of CO2 mediated by poly-M-aminophthalocyanines (M=Co, Ni, Fe): poly-Co-tetraaminophthalocyanine, a selective catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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86
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