51
|
Shigehara K, Konaka H, Koh E, Nakashima K, Iijima M, Nohara T, Izumi K, Kitagawa Y, Kadono Y, Sugimoto K, Iwamoto T, Mizokami A, Namiki M. Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on hypogonadal men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a subanalysis of a prospective randomized controlled study in Japan (EARTH study). Aging Male 2017; 20:139-145. [PMID: 28347184 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1303829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) among hypogonadal men with osteopenia/osteoporosis. METHODS From our previous EARTH study population, 74 patients with a clinical diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis and hypogonadism were included in this study, as the TRT (n = 35) and control (n = 34) groups. The TRT group was administered 250 mg of testosterone enanthate injection every 4 weeks for 12 months. The BMD, waist circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, and muscle volume were measured at baseline and at 12 months. Blood biochemical data, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and adiponectin values were also evaluated. RESULTS At the 12-month visit, BMD significantly increased in both groups. However, comparisons on changes of parameter values from baseline to the 12-month visit between the TRT and control groups were significantly different in BMD (5.0 ± 5.0 vs. 3.0 ± 3.2; p = .0434) and in adiponectin value (-0.90 ± 3.33 vs. 0.10 ± 2.04; p = .0192). There were no significant changes in other parameters. CONCLUSIONS TRT for 12 months could improve BMD with a decrease in adiponectin levels among hypogonadal men with osteopenia/osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konaka
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Eitetsu Koh
- b Komagane Urological Clinic , Nagano , Japan
| | - Kazufumi Nakashima
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Masashi Iijima
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Takahiro Nohara
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Koji Izumi
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kitagawa
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | | | - Teruaki Iwamoto
- d Division of Male Infertility , Center for Infertility and IVF, International University of Health and Welfare , Nasushiobara , Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Mikio Namiki
- a Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology , Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science , Kanazawa , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
An Q, Zhou H, Hu J, Luo Y, Hickford JGH. Haplotypes of the Ovine Adiponectin Gene and Their Association with Growth and Carcass Traits in New Zealand Romney Lambs. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E160. [PMID: 28604630 PMCID: PMC5485524 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin plays an important role in energy homeostasis and metabolism in mammalian adipose tissue. In this study, the relationship between adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) haplotypes and variation in growth and carcass traits in New Zealand (NZ) Romney lambs was investigated using General Linear Models (GLMs). Eight haplotypes were found in these lambs and they were composed of the four previously reported promoter fragment sequences (A₁-D₁) and three previously reported intron 2-exon 3 sequences (A₃-C₃). The frequencies of the haplotypes ranged from 0.07% to 45.91%. The presence of A₁-A₃ was associated with a decreased pre-weaning growth rate (p = 0.037), and decreased leg lean-meat yield (p = 0.001), loin lean-meat yield (p = 0.018) and total lean-meat yield (p = 0.004). The presence of A₁-C₃ was associated with increased carcass fat depth over the 12th rib (V-GR; p = 0.001) and a decreased proportion of loin lean-meat yield (p = 0.045). The presence of B₁-A₃ was associated with an increased proportion of leg lean-meat yield (p = 0.016) and proportion of shoulder lean-meat yield (p = 0.030). No associations were found with birth weight, tailing weight and weaning weight. These results suggest that ovine ADIPOQ may have value as a genetic marker for NZ Romney sheep breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingming An
- Faculty of Wujiang, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China.
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Huitong Zhou
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7646, New Zealand.
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jon G H Hickford
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7646, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
The adipokine adiponectin affects multiple target tissues and plays important roles in glucose metabolism and whole-body energy homeostasis. Circulating adiponectin levels in obese people are lower than in non-obese, and increased serum adiponectin is associated with weight loss. Numerous clinical studies have established that fat mass is positively related to bone mass, a relationship that is maintained by communication between the two tissues through hormones and cytokines. Since adiponectin levels inversely correspond to fat mass, its bone effects and its potential contribution to the relationship between fat and bone have been investigated. In clinical observational studies, adiponectin was found to be negatively associated with bone mineral density, suggesting it might be a negative regulator of bone metabolism. In order to identify the mechanisms that underlie the activity of adiponectin in bone, a large number of laboratory studies in vitro and in animal models of mice over-expressing or deficient of adiponectin have been carried out. Results of these studies are not entirely congruent, partly due to variation among experimental systems and partly due to the complex nature of adiponectin signaling, which involves a combination of multiple direct and indirect mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - David S Musson
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
High doses of vitamin C plus E reduce strength training-induced improvements in areal bone mineral density in elderly men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1073-1084. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
55
|
Abstract
The rising incidence of metabolic diseases worldwide has prompted renewed interest in the study of intermediary metabolism and cellular bioenergetics. The application of modern biochemical methods for quantitating fuel substrate metabolism with advanced mouse genetic approaches has greatly increased understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the whole organism. Examination of the intermediary metabolism of skeletal cells has been sparked by a series of unanticipated observations in genetically modified mice that suggest the existence of novel endocrine pathways through which bone cells communicate their energy status to other centers of metabolic control. The recognition of this expanded role of the skeleton has in turn led to new lines of inquiry directed at defining the fuel requirements and bioenergetic properties of bone cells. This article provides a comprehensive review of historical and contemporary studies on the metabolic properties of bone cells and the mechanisms that control energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. Special attention is devoted to identifying gaps in our current understanding of this new area of skeletal biology that will require additional research to better define the physiological significance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and The Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Sulston RJ, Cawthorn WP. Bone marrow adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: close to the bone? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 28:21-38. [PMID: 27149203 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major endocrine organ, secreting a diverse range of hormones, lipid species, cytokines and other factors to exert diverse local and systemic effects. These secreted products, known as 'adipokines', contribute extensively to WAT's impact on physiology and disease. Adipocytes also exist in the bone marrow (BM), but unlike WAT, study of this bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) has been relatively limited. We recently discovered that MAT contributes to circulating adiponectin, an adipokine that mediates cardiometabolic benefits. Moreover, we found that MAT expansion exerts systemic effects. Together, these observations identify MAT as an endocrine organ. Additional studies are revealing further secretory functions of MAT, including production of other adipokines, cytokines and lipids that exert local effects within bone. These observations suggest that, like WAT, MAT has secretory functions with diverse potential effects, both locally and systemically. A major limitation is that these findings are often based on in vitro approaches that may not faithfully recapitulate the characteristics and functions of BM adipocytes in vivo. This underscores the need to develop improved methods for in vivo analysis of MAT function, including more robust transgenic models for MAT targeting, and continued development of techniques for non-invasive analysis of MAT quantity and quality in humans. Although many aspects of MAT formation and function remain poorly understood, MAT is now attracting increasing research focus; hence, there is much promise for further advances in our understanding of MAT as an endocrine organ, and how MAT impacts human health and disease.
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterized by altered body image, persistent food restriction and low body weight, and is associated with global endocrine dysregulation in both adolescent girls and women. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis includes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with relative oestrogen and androgen deficiency, growth hormone resistance, hypercortisolaemia, non-thyroidal illness syndrome, hyponatraemia and hypooxytocinaemia. Serum levels of leptin, an anorexigenic adipokine, are suppressed and levels of ghrelin, an orexigenic gut peptide, are elevated in women with anorexia nervosa; however, levels of peptide YY, an anorexigenic gut peptide, are paradoxically elevated. Although most, but not all, of these endocrine disturbances are adaptive to the low energy state of chronic starvation and reverse with treatment of the eating disorder, many contribute to impaired skeletal integrity, as well as neuropsychiatric comorbidities, in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Although 5-15% of patients with anorexia nervosa are men, only limited data exist regarding the endocrine impact of the disease in adolescent boys and men. Further research is needed to understand the endocrine determinants of bone loss and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in anorexia nervosa in both women and men, as well as to formulate optimal treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schorr
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Bulfinch 457B, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Karen K Miller
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Bulfinch 457B, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Gavriatopoulou M, Dimopoulos MA, Kastritis E, Terpos E. Emerging treatment approaches for myeloma-related bone disease. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:217-228. [PMID: 28092987 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1283213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma is characterized by the presence of osteolytic lesions that leads to devastating skeletal-related events in the majority of patients. Myeloma bone disease is attributed to increased osteoclastic and suppressed osteoblastic activity. Areas covered: Bisphosphonates remain the main treatment option, however they have limitations on their own. Understanding the pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease may provide a roadmap for new therapeutic approaches. The pathway of RANKRANKLOPG pathway has revealed denosumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting RANKL as a novel emerging therapy for myeloma-related bone disease. Furthermore, the Wnt signaling inhibitors dicckopf-1 and sclerostin that are implicated in the pathogenesis of bone destruction of myeloma are now targeted by novel monoclonal antibodies. Activin-A is a TGF-beta superfamily member which increases osteoclast activity and inhibits osteoblast function in myeloma; sotatercept and other molecules targeting activin-A have entered into clinical development. Several other molecules and pathways that play an important role in the pathogenesis of bone destruction in myeloma, such as periostin, adiponectin, Notch and BTK signaling are also targeted in an attempt to develop novel therapies for myeloma-related bone disease. Expert commentary: We summarize the current advances in the biology of myeloma bone disease and the potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gavriatopoulou
- a Department of Clinical Therapeutics , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- a Department of Clinical Therapeutics , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- a Department of Clinical Therapeutics , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- a Department of Clinical Therapeutics , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Nutrition and IBD: Malnutrition and/or Sarcopenia? A Practical Guide. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:8646495. [PMID: 28127306 PMCID: PMC5239980 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8646495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a major complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This mini review is focusing on main determinants of malnutrition in IBD, the most important components of malnutrition, including lean mass loss and sarcopenia, as an emerging problem. Each one of these components needs to be well considered in a correct nutritional evaluation of an IBD patient in order to build a correct multidisciplinary approach. The review is then focusing on possible instrumental and clinical armamentarium for the nutritional evaluation.
Collapse
|
60
|
Lombardi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Perego S, Sansoni V, Banfi G. Implications of exercise-induced adipo-myokines in bone metabolism. Endocrine 2016; 54:284-305. [PMID: 26718191 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has been recognized, by the World Health Organization as the fourth cause of death (5.5 % worldwide). On the contrary, physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved quality of life and decreased risk of several diseases (i.e., stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, obesity, malignancies). Bone turnover is profoundly affected from PA both directly (load degree is the key determinant for BMD) and indirectly through the activation of several endocrine axes. Several molecules, secreted by muscle (myokines) and adipose tissues (adipokines) in response to exercise, are involved in the fine regulation of bone metabolism in response to the energy availability. Furthermore, bone regulates energy metabolism by communicating its energetic needs thanks to osteocalcin which acts on pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. The beneficial effects of exercise on bone metabolism depends on the intermittent exposure to myokines (i.e., irisin, IL-6, LIF, IGF-I) which, instead, act as inflammatory/pro-resorptive mediators when chronically elevated; on the other hand, the reduction in the circulating levels of adipokines (i.e., leptin, visfatin, adiponectin, resistin) sustains these effects as well as improves the whole-body metabolic status. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest findings about the exercise-dependent regulation of these molecules and their role in the fine regulation of bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Naot D, Watson M, Callon KE, Tuari D, Musson DS, Choi AJ, Sreenivasan D, Fernandez J, Tu PT, Dickinson M, Gamble GD, Grey A, Cornish J. Reduced Bone Density and Cortical Bone Indices in Female Adiponectin-Knockout Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3550-61. [PMID: 27384302 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A positive association between fat and bone mass is maintained through a network of signaling molecules. Clinical studies found that the circulating levels of adiponectin, a peptide secreted from adipocytes, are inversely related to visceral fat mass and bone mineral density, and it has been suggested that adiponectin contributes to the coupling between fat and bone. Our study tested the hypothesis that adiponectin affects bone tissue by comparing the bone phenotype of wild-type and adiponectin-knockout (APN-KO) female mice between the ages of 8-37 weeks. Using a longitudinal study design, we determined body composition and bone density using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. In parallel, groups of animals were killed at different ages and bone properties were analyzed by microcomputed tomography, dynamic histomorphometry, 3-point bending test, nanoindentation, and computational modelling. APN-KO mice had reduced body fat and decreased whole-skeleton bone mineral density. Microcomputed tomography analysis identified reduced cortical area fraction and average cortical thickness in APN-KO mice in all the age groups and reduced trabecular bone volume fraction only in young APN-KO mice. There were no major differences in bone strength and material properties between the 2 groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate a positive effect of adiponectin on bone geometry and density in our mouse model. Assuming adiponectin has similar effects in humans, the low circulating levels of adiponectin associated with increased fat mass are unlikely to contribute to the parallel increase in bone mass. Therefore, adiponectin does not appear to play a role in the coupling between fat and bone tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maureen Watson
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Callon
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Donna Tuari
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David S Musson
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ally J Choi
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Dharshini Sreenivasan
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Pao Ting Tu
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Dickinson
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Greg D Gamble
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Grey
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Scheller EL, Burr AA, MacDougald OA, Cawthorn WP. Inside out: Bone marrow adipose tissue as a source of circulating adiponectin. Adipocyte 2016; 5:251-69. [PMID: 27617171 PMCID: PMC5014002 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1149269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin mediates beneficial cardiometabolic effects, and hypoadiponectinemia is a biomarker for increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Indeed, circulating adiponectin decreases in obesity and insulin-resistance, likely because of impaired production from white adipose tissue (WAT). Conversely, lean states such as caloric restriction (CR) are characterized by hyperadiponectinemia, even without increased adiponectin production from WAT. The reasons underlying this paradox have remained elusive, but our recent research suggests that CR-associated hyperadiponectinemia derives from an unexpected source: bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Herein, we elaborate on this surprising discovery, including further discussion of potential mechanisms influencing adiponectin production from MAT; additional evidence both for and against our conclusions; and observations suggesting that the relationship between MAT and adiponectin might extend beyond CR. While many questions remain, the burgeoning study of MAT promises to reveal further key insights into MAT biology, both as a source of adiponectin and beyond.
Collapse
|
63
|
Epstein S, Defeudis G, Manfrini S, Napoli N, Pozzilli P. Diabetes and disordered bone metabolism (diabetic osteodystrophy): time for recognition. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1931-51. [PMID: 26980458 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and osteoporosis are rapidly growing diseases. The link between the high fracture incidence in diabetes as compared with the non-diabetic state has recently been recognized. While this review cannot cover every aspect of diabetic osteodystrophy, it attempts to incorporate current information from the First International Symposium on Diabetes and Bone presentations in Rome in 2014. Diabetes and osteoporosis are fast-growing diseases in the western world and are becoming a major problem in the emerging economic nations. Aging of populations worldwide will be responsible for an increased risk in the incidence of osteoporosis and diabetes. Furthermore, the economic burden due to complications of these diseases is enormous and will continue to increase unless public awareness of these diseases, the curbing of obesity, and cost-effective measures are instituted. The link between diabetes and fractures being more common in diabetics than non-diabetics has been widely recognized. At the same time, many questions remain regarding the underlying mechanisms for greater bone fragility in diabetic patients and the best approach to risk assessment and treatment to prevent fractures. Although it cannot cover every aspect of diabetic osteodystrophy, this review will attempt to incorporate current information particularly from the First International Symposium on Diabetes and Bone presentations in Rome in November 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Epstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Manfrini
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128, Rome, Italy
| | - N Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128, Rome, Italy
| | - P Pozzilli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21-00128, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Effects of Modified Qing'e Pill () on expression of adiponectin, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and coagulation-related factors in patients with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:183-189. [PMID: 27154871 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the regulation of Chinese herbal medicine, Modifified Qing'e Pill (, MQEP), on the expression of adiponectin, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and other potentially relevant risk factors in patients with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). METHODS A total of 96 patients with nontraumatic ONFH were unequal randomly divided into treatment group (60 cases) and control group (36 cases). The treatment group were treated with MQEP while the control group were treated with simulated pills. Both groups were given caltrate D. Six months were taken as a treatment course. Patients were followed up every 2 months. The levels of plasma adiponectin, BMP2, OPG, von Willebrand factor (vWF), von Willebrand factor cleaving protease (vWF-cp), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood rheology, bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral head and Harris Hip Score were measured before and after treatment. RESULTS After 6 months of treatment, compared with the control group, patients in the treatment group had signifificantly higher adiponectin and BMP2 levels (P<0.01 and P=0.013, respectively), lower vWF, PAI-1 and CRP levels (P=0.019, P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively), and lower blood rheology parameters. BMD of the femoral neck, triangle area and Harris Hip Score in the treatment group were signifificantly higher than those in the control group. Moreover, plasma adiponectin showed a positive association with BMP2 (r=0.231, P=0.003) and a negative association with PAI-1 (r=-0.159, P<0.05). CONCLUSION MQEP may play a protective role against nontraumatic ONFH by increasing the expression of adiponectin, regulating bone metabolism and improving the hypercoagulation state, which may provide an experimental base for its clinical effects.
Collapse
|
65
|
Neumann E, Junker S, Schett G, Frommer K, Müller-Ladner U. Adipokines in bone disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:296-302. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
66
|
Solis-Trapala I, Schoenmakers I, Goldberg GR, Prentice A, Ward KA. Sequences of Regressions Distinguish Nonmechanical from Mechanical Associations between Metabolic Factors, Body Composition, and Bone in Healthy Postmenopausal Women. J Nutr 2016; 146:846-854. [PMID: 26962186 PMCID: PMC4807646 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.224485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition of complex interrelations between the endocrine functions of bone and fat tissues or organs. OBJECTIVE The objective was to describe nonmechanical and mechanical links between metabolic factors, body composition, and bone with the use of graphical Markov models. METHODS Seventy postmenopausal women with a mean ± SD age of 62.3 ± 3.7 y and body mass index (in kg/m2) of 24.9 ± 3.8 were recruited. Bone outcomes were peripheral quantitative computed tomography measures of the distal and diaphyseal tibia, cross-sectional area (CSA), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and cortical CSA. Biomarkers of osteoblast and adipocyte function were plasma concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (UCOC), and phylloquinone. Body composition measurements were lean and percent fat mass, which were derived with the use of a 4-compartment model. Sequences of Regressions, a subclass of graphical Markov models, were used to describe the direct (nonmechanical) and indirect (mechanical) interrelations between metabolic factors and bone by simultaneously modeling multiple bone outcomes and their relation with biomarker outcomes with lean mass, percent fat mass, and height as intermediate explanatory variables. RESULTS The graphical Markov models showed both direct and indirect associations linking plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations with CSA and vBMD. At the distal tibia, lean mass, height, and adiponectin-UCOC interaction were directly explanatory of CSA (R2 = 0.45); at the diaphysis, lean mass, percent fat mass, leptin, osteocalcin, and age-adiponectin interaction were directly explanatory of CSA (R2 = 0.49). The regression models exploring direct associations for vBMD were much weaker, with R2 = 0.15 and 0.18 at the distal and diaphyseal sites, respectively. Lean mass and UCOC were associated, and the global Markov property of the graph indicated that this association was explained by osteocalcin. CONCLUSIONS This study, to our knowledge, offers a novel approach to the description of the complex physiological interrelations between adiponectin, leptin, and osteocalcin and the musculoskeletal system. There may be benefits to jointly targeting both systems to improve bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Solis-Trapala
- Nutrition Studies and Surveys and,Health Services Research Unit, Institute for Science and Technology, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Inez Schoenmakers
- Nutrition and Bone Health, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gail R Goldberg
- Nutrition and Bone Health, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ann Prentice
- Nutrition and Bone Health, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kate A Ward
- Nutrition and Bone Health, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Li J, Liu X, Zuo B, Zhang L. The Role of Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Governing the Balance between Osteoblastogenesis and Adipogenesis. Aging Dis 2015; 7:514-25. [PMID: 27493836 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult bone marrow, osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common precursor called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The plasticity between the two lineages has been confirmed over the past decades, and has important implications in the etiology of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, which involves an imbalance between osteoblasts and adipocytes. The commitment and differentiation of bone marrow (BM) MSCs is tightly controlled by the local environment that maintains a balance between osteoblast lineage and adipocyte. However, pathological conditions linked to osteoporosis can change the BM microenvironment and shift the MSC fate to favor adipocytes over osteoblasts, and consequently decrease bone mass with marrow fat accumulation. This review discusses the changes that occur in the BM microenvironment under pathological conditions, and how these changes affect MSC fate. We suggest that manipulating local environments could have therapeutic implications to avoid bone loss in diseases like osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Tong Ji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Chaplin A, Palou A, Serra F. Body fat loss induced by calcium in co-supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid is associated with increased expression of bone formation genes in adult mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1540-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
69
|
Abuna RP, De Oliveira FS, Santos TDS, Guerra TR, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. Participation of TNF-α in Inhibitory Effects of Adipocytes on Osteoblast Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:204-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robrigo P.F. Abuna
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fabiola S. De Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thiago De S. Santos
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thais R. Guerra
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adalberto L. Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcio M. Beloti
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wei B, Wei W. Identification of aberrantly expressed of serum microRNAs in patients with hormone-induced non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 75:191-5. [PMID: 26298803 PMCID: PMC7127261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The non-translation RNA-microRNA (miRNA) has been demonstrated to correlate to various disease occurrence in body. Serum miRNA was gradually considered as molecular markers for disease diagnosis. This study was designed to analyze differential serum miRNAs level in hormone-induced non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (hormone-NOFH) patients. Methods We selected 30 patients with hormone-NOFH as case group, and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited as control group. miRCURYTM LNA miRNA chip and quantitative RT-PCR were used to examine differential miRNAs expression. Correlation assay was performed between miRNAs and NOFH trait. Results We found that 9 miRNAs were upregulated while 3 miRNAs were downregulated in hormone-TOFH patient serum by result of miRNA chip. QRT-PCR assay revealed that the level of miR-423-5p was significantly increased and miR-10a-5p was significantly decreased. Using Spearman correlation analysis, we observed that miR-423-5p serum level is positive association to FHC levels whereas miR-10a-5p has no association with FHC levels. Furthermore, miR-423-5p is negatively correlated to its downstream molecule-adiponectin. Conclusion We report a miRNA profile of hormone-NOFH and provide a new perspective to understand this intricate disease. This novel information suggests the potential roles of miR-423-5p in the diagnosis, prognosis biomarkers, or therapy targets of hormone-NOFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biaofang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic, First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 Jichang Rd., Guangzhou 510405, China.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Abstract
PURPOSE In epidemiologic and animal studies, a high fat diet (HFD) has been shown to be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures. Meanwhile, consuming a HFD containing diacylglycerol (DAG) instead of triacylglycerol (TAG) is known to offer metabolically beneficial effects of reductions in body weight and abdominal fat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a HFD containing DAG (HFD-DAG) on bone in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n=39) were divided into three weight-matched groups based on diet type: a chow diet group, a HFD containing TAG (HFD-TAG) group, and a HFD-DAG group. After 20 weeks, body composition and bone microstructure were analyzed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR of bone marrow cells were performed to investigate the expressions of transcription factors for osteogenesis or adipogenesis. RESULTS The HFD-DAG group exhibited lower body weight, higher BMD, and superior microstructural bone parameters, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group showed increased expression of Runx2 and decreased expression of PPARgamma in bone marrow cells, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group also had lower levels of plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride than the HFD-TAG group. CONCLUSION Compared to HFD-TAG, HFD-DAG showed beneficial effects on bone and bone metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Seok Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Kil Lim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Khan MP, Singh AK, Joharapurkar AA, Yadav M, Shree S, Kumar H, Gurjar A, Mishra JS, Tiwari MC, Nagar GK, Kumar S, Ramachandran R, Sharan A, Jain MR, Trivedi AK, Maurya R, Godbole MM, Gayen JR, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Pathophysiological Mechanism of Bone Loss in Type 2 Diabetes Involves Inverse Regulation of Osteoblast Function by PGC-1α and Skeletal Muscle Atrogenes: AdipoR1 as a Potential Target for Reversing Diabetes-Induced Osteopenia. Diabetes 2015; 64:2609-23. [PMID: 25633418 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased fracture risk and delayed fracture healing; the underlying mechanism, however, remains poorly understood. We systematically investigated skeletal pathology in leptin receptor-deficient diabetic mice on a C57BLKS background (db). Compared with wild type (wt), db mice displayed reduced peak bone mass and age-related trabecular and cortical bone loss. Poor skeletal outcome in db mice contributed high-glucose- and nonesterified fatty acid-induced osteoblast apoptosis that was associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) downregulation and upregulation of skeletal muscle atrogenes in osteoblasts. Osteoblast depletion of the atrogene muscle ring finger protein-1 (MuRF1) protected against gluco- and lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis. Osteoblast-specific PGC-1α upregulation by 6-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol (GTDF), an adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) agonist, as well as metformin in db mice that lacked AdipoR1 expression in muscle but not bone restored osteopenia to wt levels without improving diabetes. Both GTDF and metformin protected against gluco- and lipotoxicity-induced osteoblast apoptosis, and depletion of PGC-1α abolished this protection. Although AdipoR1 but not AdipoR2 depletion abolished protection by GTDF, metformin action was not blocked by AdipoR depletion. We conclude that PGC-1α upregulation in osteoblasts could reverse type 2 diabetes-associated deterioration in skeletal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Parvez Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Manisha Yadav
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Shree
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anagha Gurjar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Sharan Mishra
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahesh Chandra Tiwari
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geet Kumar Nagar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravishankar Ramachandran
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Sharan
- Vinayak Cosmetic Surgery & Laser Centre, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madan Madhav Godbole
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jiaur Rahaman Gayen
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Hampe L, Radjainia M, Xu C, Harris PWR, Bashiri G, Goldstone DC, Brimble MA, Wang Y, Mitra AK. Regulation and Quality Control of Adiponectin Assembly by Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone ERp44. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18111-18123. [PMID: 26060250 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, a collagenous hormone secreted abundantly from adipocytes, possesses potent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Mediated by the conserved Cys(39) located in the variable region of the N terminus, the trimeric (low molecular weight (LMW)) adiponectin subunit assembles into different higher order complexes, e.g. hexamers (middle molecular weight (MMW)) and 12-18-mers (high molecular weight (HMW)), the latter being mostly responsible for the insulin-sensitizing activity of adiponectin. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone ERp44 retains adiponectin in the early secretory compartment and tightly controls the oxidative state of Cys(39) and the oligomerization of adiponectin. Using cellular and in vitro assays, we show that ERp44 specifically recognizes the LMW and MMW forms but not the HMW form. Our binding assays with short peptide mimetics of adiponectin suggest that ERp44 intercepts and converts the pool of fully oxidized LMW and MMW adiponectin, but not the HMW form, into reduced trimeric precursors. These ERp44-bound precursors in the cis-Golgi may be transported back to the ER and released to enhance the population of adiponectin intermediates with appropriate oxidative state for HMW assembly, thereby underpinning the process of ERp44 quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Hampe
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Mazdak Radjainia
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 999007 Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ghader Bashiri
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David C Goldstone
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, 999007 Hong Kong, China
| | - Alok K Mitra
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Abstract
The skeleton, populated by large numbers of osteoblasts and long-lived osteocytes, requires a constant supply of energy-rich molecules to fuel the synthesis, deposition and mineralization of bone matrix during bone modelling and remodelling. When these energetic demands are not met, bone acquisition is suppressed. Recent findings suggest that key developmental signals emanating from Wnt low-density lipoprotein-related receptor 5 and hypoxia-inducible factor pathways impact osteoblast bioenergetics to accommodate the energy requirements for bone cells to fulfil their function. In vivo studies in several mutant mouse strains have confirmed a link between bone cells and global metabolism, ultimately leading to the identification of hormonal interactions between the skeleton and other tissues. The hormones insulin and leptin affect postnatal bone acquisition, whilst osteocalcin produced by the osteoblast in turn stimulates insulin secretion by the pancreas. These observations have prompted additional questions regarding the nature of the mechanisms of fuel sensing and processing in the osteoblast and their contribution to overall energy utilization and homeostasis. Answers to such questions should advance our understanding of metabolic diseases and may ultimately improve management of affected patients. In this review, we highlight recent studies in this field and offer a perspective on the evolutionary implications of bone as a metabolic endocrine organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R C Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Rong J, Li Q, Zhang P, Wu X, Huang J, Li C, Liao Z, Xie Y, Lv Q, Wei Q, Li T, Huang J, Cao S, Shen Y, Gu J. A rare co-segregation-mutation in the insulin receptor substrate 1 gene in one Chinese family with ankylosing spondylitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126348. [PMID: 25978640 PMCID: PMC4433214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS; MIM 106300) is a common rheumatic disease with strong genetic components affecting approximately 0.3% of the population. The exact genetic mechanism of AS remains elusive. Our previous study showed that AS could be transmitted in an autosomal dominant inheritance mode and a 6-cM candidate region located on the chromosome 2q36.1-36.3 was mapped in a Chinese family. Mutation screening was conducted within the candidate region in the family and other AS by sequencing, and the novel mutation will be further validated in other AS families, sporadic cases and healthy controls by mass spectrometry. We identified a rare non-synonymous mutation (Arg580Gly) in insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) co-segregated with disease phenotype in patients of the family, which was not found in other AS families, sporadic patients and healthy controls. In the study, we found a rare non-synonymous mutation in IRS1 co-segregation in one Chinese family with AS, which indicated a new candidate disease causative gene for AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Rong
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinxian Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zetao Liao
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qiujing Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tianwang Li
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jianlin Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuangyan Cao
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yan Shen
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College and Chinese National Human Genome Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Division of Rheumatology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou 510630, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Wauquier F, Léotoing L, Philippe C, Spilmont M, Coxam V, Wittrant Y. Pros and cons of fatty acids in bone biology. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:121-45. [PMID: 25835096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in deciphering the causes and consequences of obesity-related disorders, the mechanisms linking fat intake to bone behaviour remain unclear. Since bone fractures are widely associated with increased morbidity and mortality, most notably in elderly and obese people, bone health has become a major social and economic issue. Consistently, public health system guidelines have encouraged low-fat diets in order to reduce associated complications. However, from a bone point of view, mechanisms linking fat intake to bone alteration remain quite controversial. Thus, after more than a decade of dedicated studies, this timely review offers a comprehensive overview of the relationships between bone and fatty acids. Using clinical evidences as a starting-point to more complex molecular elucidation, this work highlights the complexity of the system and reveals that bone alteration that cannot be solved simply by taking ω-3 pills. Fatty acid effects on bone metabolism can be both direct and indirect and require integrated investigations. Furthermore, even at the level of a single cell, one fatty acid is able to trigger several different independent pathways (receptors, metabolites…) which may all have a say in the final cellular metabolic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Wauquier
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Laurent Léotoing
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Claire Philippe
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Mélanie Spilmont
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Véronique Coxam
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Tan M, Tang G, Rui H. Adiponectin attenuates Ang Ⅱ-induced TGFβ1 production in human mesangial cells via an AMPK-dependent pathway. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:848-54. [PMID: 25471552 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glomerulosclerosis is a key element in end-stage renal failure. Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in modulating cell growth and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation. Adiponectin, a protein derived from adipocytes, is primarily involved in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid break down. It has recently been shown to have antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of adiponectin as a renoprotective agent has not been fully explored. We herein examine the effect of adiponectin on Ang II-induced TGFβ1 and ECM production in human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) and explore the signaling pathway involved. In this study, we found that both adiponectin receptor 1 and adiponectin receptor 2 are expressed in HRMCs. Adiponectin (10 μg/mL) attenuated the stimulatory effect of Ang II on TGF-β1 and fibronectin. Furthermore, adiponectin activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the AMPK-specific inhibitor (compound C) blocked AMPK activation. We also determined that compound C blocked the inhibitory effect of adiponectin on Ang II-stimulated TGFβ1 and fibronectin production. In summary, these results demonstrate that adiponectin suppresses Ang II-induced synthesis of ECM in mesangial cells via activation of the AMPK pathway. Based on our data, we suggest that this mechanism could delay the progression of kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Tan
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Health Ministry of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongyao Tang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Health Ministry of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Rui
- Center Of Kidney Disease, An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Mpalaris V, Anagnostis P, Goulis DG, Iakovou I. Complex association between body weight and fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Obes Rev 2015; 16:225-33. [PMID: 25586664 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease, characterized by low bone mass with micro-architectural disruption and skeletal fragility, resulting in an increased risk of fracture. A substantial number of studies has examined the possible relationship between body weight, bone mineral density and fracture risk in post-menopausal women, with the majority of them concluding that low body weight correlates with increased risk of fracture, especially hip fracture. Controversies about the potential protective effect of obesity on osteoporosis and consequent fracture risk still exist. Several recent studies question the concept that obesity exerts a protective effect against fractures, suggesting that it stands as a risk factor for fractures at specific skeletal sites, such as upper arm. The association between body weight and fracture risk is complex, differs across skeletal sites and body mass index, and is modified by the interaction between body weight and bone mineral density. Some potential explanations that link obesity with increased fracture risk may be the pattern of falls and impaired mobility in obese individuals, comorbidities, such as asthma, diabetes and early menopause, as well as, increased parathyroid hormone and reduced 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Mpalaris
- Third Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
|
80
|
Wang Q, Li Y, Zhang Z, Fang Y, Li X, Sun Y, Xiong C, Yan L, Zhao J. Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profiles of osteoarthritis. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:40-6. [PMID: 25466988 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA) by bioinformatics analysis. Synovial tissue samples from five OA and five normal donors (ND) were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by paired t-test. Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed, followed by construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. A functional enrichment analysis of the modules identified from the PPI network was performed, and the module with the highest enrichment scores was selected for pathway enrichment analysis. A total of 184 DEGs, including 95 up-regulated and 89 down-regulated DEGs, were identified. Up-regulated DEGs were enriched in 6 pathways, such as MAPK signaling and Wnt signaling pathway, while down-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. In the PPI network, PTTG1 with the highest connectivity degree of 18 was significantly related to nuclear division, mitosis and the cell cycle. Genes in Module A with the highest functional enrichment scores of 9.27 were mainly enriched in the pathways of oocyte meiosis, cell cycle, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation. The MAPK signaling and Wnt signaling pathways were closely associated with OA. The DEGs, such as PTTG1, MAP2K6, PPP3CC and CSNK1E, may be the potential targets for OA diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
|
81
|
Faienza MF, Luce V, Ventura A, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Cavallo L, Grano M, Brunetti G. Skeleton and glucose metabolism: a bone-pancreas loop. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:758148. [PMID: 25873957 PMCID: PMC4383460 DOI: 10.1155/2015/758148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone has been considered a structure essential for mobility, calcium homeostasis, and hematopoietic function. Recent advances in bone biology have highlighted the importance of skeleton as an endocrine organ which regulates some metabolic pathways, in particular, insulin signaling and glucose tolerance. This review will point out the role of bone as an endocrine "gland" and, specifically, of bone-specific proteins, as the osteocalcin (Ocn), and proteins involved in bone remodeling, as osteoprotegerin, in the regulation of insulin function and glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Luce
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ventura
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luciano Cavallo
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- *Giacomina Brunetti:
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Wang QP, Li XP, Wang M, Zhao LL, Li H, Xie H, Lu ZY. Adiponectin exerts its negative effect on bone metabolism via OPG/RANKL pathway: an in vivo study. Endocrine 2014; 47:845-53. [PMID: 24627163 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of adiponectin on the bone metabolism in vivo. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone microstructure, serum adiponectin levels, and biochemical markers of the bone turnover were measured in 12-week-old male Adipo-/- and WT mice. In addition, the osteoclast formation, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression were examined. The serum adiponectin levels were normal in the WT mice while undetectable in the Adipo-/- mice. Compared with the WT mice, the Adipo-/- mice had higher BMD, more trabecular bone, greater bone volume fraction, and trabecular thickness in the left femur. On the contrary, fewer osteoclasts were observed in the Adipo-/- mice when compared with the WT mice. Meanwhile, the Adipo-/- mice had a significantly decreased serum carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX)/osteocalcin (OC) ratio. Interestingly, both the adiponectin and RANKL would cause a significant increase of CTX/OC ratio in the co-culture of the CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the osteoblasts from Adipo-/- mice. Further, immunohistochemistry assays in tibias and both the RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses in the cultured osteoblasts showed the Adipo-/- mice expressed lower levels of RANKL but higher levels of OPG. Adiponectin had a negative effect on the bone metabolism, and this negative effect might be mediated, at least in part, by the OPG/RANKL pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Shaoxing Hospital of China Medical University, 1# Huayu Road Keqiao, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312030, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Jeong BC, Kang IH, Hwang YC, Kim SH, Koh JT. MicroRNA-194 reciprocally stimulates osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis via regulating COUP-TFII expression. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1532. [PMID: 25412310 PMCID: PMC4260743 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and adipocytes are differentiated from common mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in processes which are tightly controlled by various growth factors, signaling molecules, transcriptional factors and microRNAs. Recently, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) was identified as a critical regulator of MSC fate. In the present study, we aimed to identify some microRNAs (miR), which target COUP-TFII, and to determine the effects on MSCs fate. During osteoblastic or adipocytic differentiation from MSCs lineage cells, miR-194 expression was found to be reversal. In the cultures of mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 and primary bone marrow stromal cells, osteogenic stimuli increased miR-194 expression with accompanying decreases in COUP-TFII expression, whereas adipogenic stimuli reduced miR-194 expression with accompanying increases in COUP-TFII expression. A luciferase assay with COUP-TFII 3'-untranslated region (UTR) reporter plasmid, including the miR-194 binding sequences, showed that the introduction of miR-194 reduced the luciferase activity. However, it did not affect the activity of mutated COUP-TFII 3'-UTR reporter. Enforced expression of miR-194 significantly enhanced osteoblast differentiation, but inhibited adipocyte differentiation by decreasing COUP-TFII mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, inhibition of the endogenous miR-194 reduced matrix mineralization in the MSCs cultures, promoting the formation of lipid droplets by rescuing COUP-TFII expression. Furthermore, overexpression of COUP-TFII reversed the effects of miR-194 on the cell fates. Taken together, our results showed that miR-194 acts as a critical regulator of COUP-TFII, and can determinate the fate of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. This suggests that miR-194 and COUP-TFII may be good target molecules for controlling bone and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B-C Jeong
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - I-H Kang
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y-C Hwang
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J-T Koh
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, and Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Abstract
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common manifestations in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) but the pathogenetic mechanism of bone loss in IBD is only partially understood. There is evidence that fat mass is an important determinant of the bone mineral density and adipose-derived factors seem to play an important role for the association between fat mass and bone mass. The association between adiposity and low bone density is rather poorly studied in IBD, but emerging data on adipokines in IBD in relation to osteoporosis provide a novel pathophysiological concept that may shed light on the etiology of bone loss in IBD. It could be suggested that adipokines interfere in bone metabolism by altering the sensitive balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts although further studies in this setting are needed.
Collapse
|
85
|
Markula-Patjas KP, Ivaska KK, Pekkinen M, Andersson S, Moilanen E, Viljakainen HT, Mäkitie O. High adiposity and serum leptin accompanied by altered bone turnover markers in severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:2474-81. [PMID: 25320222 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.131107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate interactions between skeleton and adipose tissue, and association of adipokines and bone turnover markers with disease-related factors in patients with severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS Forty-nine patients (median age 14.8 yrs, median disease duration 10.2 yrs) with refractory polyarticular JIA and 89 sex-matched and age-matched healthy controls participated in the study. Study subjects underwent clinical examination, body composition assessment with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and analyses for leptin, adiponectin, and bone turnover markers. RESULTS Patients with JIA were shorter and more often overweight (p = 0.001) or obese (p < 0.001) than controls. They had significantly higher serum leptin, even when adjusted for fat mass (p < 0.001), than did controls. Adiponectin did not differ between the groups. Concentration of carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen was higher (p = 0.006) in patients. The inverse association between leptin and bone turnover markers disappeared in controls but was strengthened in patients when adjusted for fat mass. Leptin, adiponectin, or bone markers did not associate with variables of disease activity. CONCLUSION Patients with severe JIA had high adiposity accompanied by increased bone resorption. Their serum leptin was higher, even independently of fat mass. Leptin tended to associate inversely with bone turnover markers but did not associate with variables of disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kati P Markula-Patjas
- From the Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku;Folkhälsan Research Center; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki; The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.K.P. Markula-Patjas, MD, Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; K.K. Ivaska, PhD, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku; M. Pekkinen, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center; S. Andersson, MD, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; E. Moilanen, MD, PhD, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; H.T. Viljakainen, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; O. Mäkitie, MD, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki.
| | - Kaisa K Ivaska
- From the Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku;Folkhälsan Research Center; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki; The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.K.P. Markula-Patjas, MD, Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; K.K. Ivaska, PhD, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku; M. Pekkinen, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center; S. Andersson, MD, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; E. Moilanen, MD, PhD, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; H.T. Viljakainen, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; O. Mäkitie, MD, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki
| | - Minna Pekkinen
- From the Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku;Folkhälsan Research Center; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki; The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.K.P. Markula-Patjas, MD, Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; K.K. Ivaska, PhD, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku; M. Pekkinen, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center; S. Andersson, MD, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; E. Moilanen, MD, PhD, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; H.T. Viljakainen, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; O. Mäkitie, MD, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki
| | - Sture Andersson
- From the Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku;Folkhälsan Research Center; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki; The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.K.P. Markula-Patjas, MD, Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; K.K. Ivaska, PhD, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku; M. Pekkinen, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center; S. Andersson, MD, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; E. Moilanen, MD, PhD, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; H.T. Viljakainen, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; O. Mäkitie, MD, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- From the Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku;Folkhälsan Research Center; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki; The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.K.P. Markula-Patjas, MD, Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; K.K. Ivaska, PhD, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku; M. Pekkinen, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center; S. Andersson, MD, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; E. Moilanen, MD, PhD, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; H.T. Viljakainen, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; O. Mäkitie, MD, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki
| | - Heli T Viljakainen
- From the Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku;Folkhälsan Research Center; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki; The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.K.P. Markula-Patjas, MD, Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; K.K. Ivaska, PhD, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku; M. Pekkinen, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center; S. Andersson, MD, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; E. Moilanen, MD, PhD, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; H.T. Viljakainen, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; O. Mäkitie, MD, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- From the Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku;Folkhälsan Research Center; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki; The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.K.P. Markula-Patjas, MD, Pediatric Research Center, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital; K.K. Ivaska, PhD, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku; M. Pekkinen, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center; S. Andersson, MD, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; E. Moilanen, MD, PhD, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; H.T. Viljakainen, PhD, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki; O. Mäkitie, MD, PhD, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Hardaway AL, Herroon MK, Rajagurubandara E, Podgorski I. Bone marrow fat: linking adipocyte-induced inflammation with skeletal metastases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:527-43. [PMID: 24398857 PMCID: PMC4154371 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9484-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are important but underappreciated components of bone marrow microenvironment, and their numbers greatly increase with age, obesity, and associated metabolic pathologies. Age and obesity are also significant risk factors for development of metastatic prostate cancer. Adipocytes are metabolically active cells that secrete adipokines, growth factors, and inflammatory mediators; influence behavior and function of neighboring cells; and have a potential to disturb local milleu and dysregulate normal bone homeostasis. Increased marrow adiposity has been linked to bone marrow inflammation and osteoporosis of the bone, but its effects on growth and progression of prostate tumors that have metastasized to the skeleton are currently not known. This review focuses on fat-bone relationship in a context of normal bone homeostasis and metastatic tumor growth in bone. We discuss effects of marrow fat cells on bone metabolism, hematopoiesis, and inflammation. Special attention is given to CCL2- and COX-2-driven pathways and their potential as therapeutic targets for bone metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimalie L. Hardaway
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of, Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of, Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mackenzie K. Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of, Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Erandi Rajagurubandara
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of, Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of, Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Rm 6304, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of, Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Webb SL, Edwards CM. Novel therapeutic targets in myeloma bone disease. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3765-76. [PMID: 24750110 PMCID: PMC4128042 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic disorder of plasma cells characterized by clonal proliferation within the bone marrow. One of the major clinical features of multiple myeloma is the destructive osteolytic bone disease that occurs in the majority of patients. Myeloma bone disease is associated with increased osteoclast activity and suppression of osteoblastogenesis. Bisphosphonates have been the mainstay of treatment for many years; however, their use is limited by their inability to repair existing bone loss. Therefore, research into novel approaches for the treatment of myeloma bone disease is of the utmost importance. This review will discuss the current advances in our understanding of osteoclast stimulation and osteoblast suppression mechanisms in myeloma bone disease and the treatments that are under development to target this destructive and debilitating feature of myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Webb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Lin YY, Chen CY, Chuang TY, Lin Y, Liu HY, Mersmann HJ, Wu SC, Ding ST. Adiponectin receptor 1 regulates bone formation and osteoblast differentiation by GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in mice. Bone 2014; 64:147-54. [PMID: 24713193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin and its receptors are expressed in bone marrow-derived osteoblasts. Previous studies in vivo and in vitro have produced controversial results. The purpose of this study was to use porcine adiponectin receptor 1 transgenic mice (pAdipoR1) as a model to evaluate the role of AdipoR1 on bone physiology at different ages. pAdipoR1 transgenic mice had higher bone mineral density than wild-type mice in both genders at 56 weeks of age. The bone volume and trabecular number, measured by micro-computed tomography (μCT) was significantly greater in transgenic than in wild-type female mice at both 8 and 56 weeks of age. ELISA analysis revealed that both serum osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were significantly increased in 8-week old pAdipoR1 transgenic mice of both genders. Furthermore, serum OPG was elevated at 32 and 56 weeks of age in female and male pAdipoR1 transgenic mice. Serum TRAP5b concentration was reduced in 8 and 56 weeks old male pAdipoR1 mice compared with wild-type male mice. Knock-down of AdipoR1 significantly decreased gene expression of osteocalcin, OPG, alkaline phosphatase and msh homeobox 2 and the mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells and mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, pathscan analysis and real-time PCR analysis suggest AdipoR1 regulates osteoblast differentiation through GSK-3 β and β-Catenin signaling. Consequently, the lack of AdipoR1 impaired osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We conclude that AdipoR1 is a critical factor for the osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai Yuan Chuang
- Department of Athletics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui Yu Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Harry John Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shinn Chih Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Mohiti-Ardekani J, Soleymani-Salehabadi H, Owlia MB, Mohiti A. Relationships between serum adipocyte hormones (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in osteoporosis patients. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:400-4. [PMID: 24052207 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fasting serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporosis patients and a non-osteoporosis control group. We studied 81 non-diabetic osteoporosis patients (92 % female, 8 % male; mean age 54.5 ± 15.5 years and body mass index [BMI] 28.2 ± 4.6) and 120 non-diabetic individuals with normal BMD as controls (86 % female, 14 % male; mean age 39.7 ± 10.4 years and BMI 28.8 ± 4.4). BMD was studied by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry from the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck and fasting blood samples were taken for biochemical measurement of fasting blood glucose, leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Fasting levels of plasma adiponectin had a significant negative correlation with BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine in the osteoporosis group (r = -0.478, P = 0.003, r = -0.513, P = 0.023) but not in the non-osteoporosis group (r = -0.158, P = 0.057, r = -0.23, P = 0.465). Fasting plasma levels of resistin were significantly correlated only with femur BMD in the osteoporosis group, and not significantly correlated with lumbar spine BMD (r = -0.244, P = 0.048 vs r = 0.276, P = 0.56). Leptin did not have a significant correlation with BMD in either the osteoporosis or non-osteoporosis groups (P > 0.05). Adiponectin had a significant negative correlation with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The correlation between leptin and resistin are not inconclusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mohiti-Ardekani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Saduoghi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is prevalent in adolescents and young adults, and endocrine changes include hypothalamic amenorrhoea; a nutritionally acquired growth-hormone resistance leading to low concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); relative hypercortisolaemia; decreases in leptin, insulin, amylin, and incretins; and increases in ghrelin, peptide YY, and adiponectin. These changes in turn have harmful effects on bone and might affect neurocognition, anxiety, depression, and the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. Low bone-mineral density (BMD) is particularly concerning, because it is associated with changes in bone microarchitecture, strength, and clinical fractures. Recovery leads to improvements in many--but not all--hormonal changes, and deficits in bone accrual can persist. Oestrogen-replacement therapy, primarily via the transdermal route, increases BMD in adolescents, although catch-up is incomplete. In adults, oral oestrogen--combined with recombinant human IGF-1 in one study and bisphosphonates in another--increased BMD, but not to the normal range. More studies are necessary to investigate the optimum therapeutic approach in patients with, or recovering from, anorexia nervosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Misra
- Neuroendocrine Unit and Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit and Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Lecka-Czernik B, Stechschulte LA. Bone and fat: a relationship of different shades. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:124-9. [PMID: 24956594 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and behavioral changes which occurred over the last century led simultaneously to a remarkable increase in human lifespan and to the development of health problems associated with functional impairment of organs either regulating or dependent on balanced energy metabolism. Diseases such as diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis are prevalent in our society and pose major challenges with respect to the overall health and economy. Therefore, better understanding of regulatory axes between bone and fat may provide the basis for development of strategies which will treat these diseases simultaneously and improve health and life quality of elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States.
| | - Lance A Stechschulte
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Sun H, Kim JK, Mortensen R, Mutyaba LP, Hankenson KD, Krebsbach PH. Osteoblast-targeted suppression of PPARγ increases osteogenesis through activation of mTOR signaling. Stem Cells 2014; 31:2183-92. [PMID: 23766271 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is an essential transcription factor for adipocyte differentiation. In mesenchymal stem cells, PPARγ has been assumed to play a negative role in osteoblastic differentiation, by working in an adipogenesis dependent manner, due to the reciprocal relationship between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. However, the direct role of PPARγ in osteoblast function is not fully understood, due in part to inadequate model systems. Here, we describe an adenoviral-mediated PPARγ knockout system in which suppression of PPARγ in mesenchymal stem cells enhanced osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipogenesis in vitro. Consistent with this in vitro observation, lipoatrophic A-ZIP/F1 mice, which do not form adipocytes, displayed a phenotype in which both cortical and trabecular bone was significantly increased compared with wild-type mice. We next developed an inducible osteoblast-targeted PPARγ knockout (Osx Cre/flox- PPARγ) mouse to determine the direct role of PPARγ in bone formation. Data from both in vitro cultures of mesenchymal stem cells and in vivo µCT analysis of bones suggest that suppression of PPARγ activity in osteoblasts significantly increased osteoblast differentiation and trabecular number. Endogenous PPARγ in mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts strongly inhibited Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6k activity and led to decreased osteoblastic differentiation. Therefore, we conclude that PPARγ modulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through both direct and indirect mechanisms. The direct mode, as shown here, involves PPARγ regulation of the mTOR pathway, while the indirect pathway is dependent on the regulation of adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Sun
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Scotece M, Conde J, Abella V, López V, Pino J, Lago F, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Bone metabolism and adipokines: are there perspectives for bone diseases drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:945-57. [PMID: 24857197 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.922539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past 20 years, the idea that white adipose tissue (WAT) is simply an energy depot organ has been radically changed. Indeed, present understanding suggests WAT to be an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting a wide variety of proteins termed adipokines. These adipokines appear to be relevant factors involved in a number of different functions, including metabolism, immune response, inflammation and bone metabolism. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors focus on the effects of several adipose tissue-derived factors in bone pathophysiology. They also consider how the modification of the adipokine network could potentially lead to promising treatment options for bone diseases. EXPERT OPINION There are currently substantial developments being made in the understanding of the interplay between bone metabolism and the metabolic system. These insights could potentially lead to the development of new treatment strategies and interventions with the aim of successful outcomes in many people affected by bone disorders. Specifically, future research should look into the intimate mechanisms regulating peripheral and central activity of adipokines as it has potential for novel drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morena Scotece
- Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, Division of Rheumatology, Research Laboratory 9 , Santiago de Compostela, 15706 , Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Fiaschi T, Magherini F, Gamberi T, Modesti PA, Modesti A. Adiponectin as a tissue regenerating hormone: more than a metabolic function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1917-25. [PMID: 24322911 PMCID: PMC11113778 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The great interest that scientists have for adiponectin is primarily due to its central metabolic role. Indeed, the major function of this adipokine is the control of glucose homeostasis that it exerts regulating liver and muscle metabolism. Adiponectin has insulin-sensitizing action and leads to down-regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and an increase of fatty acid oxidation. In addition, adiponectin is reported to play an important role in the inhibition of inflammation. The hormone is secreted in full-length form, which can either assemble into complexes or be converted into globular form by proteolytic cleavage. Over the past few years, emerging publications reveal a more varied and pleiotropic action of this hormone. Many studies emphasize a key role of adiponectin during tissue regeneration and show that adiponectin deficiency greatly inhibits the mechanisms underlying tissue renewal. This review deals with the role of adiponectin in tissue regeneration, mainly referring to skeletal muscle regeneration, a process in which adiponectin is deeply involved. In this tissue, globular adiponectin increases proliferation, migration and myogenic properties of both resident stem cells (namely satellite cells) and non-resident muscle precursors (namely mesoangioblasts). Furthermore, skeletal muscle could be a site for the local production of the globular form that occurs in an inflamed environment. Overall, these recent findings contribute to highlight an intriguing function of adiponectin in addition to its well-recognized metabolic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fiaschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Pacheco-Pantoja EL, Fraser WD, Wilson PJM, Gallagher JA. Differential effects of adiponectin in osteoblast-like cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:351-60. [PMID: 24673523 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.898658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton should maintain an adequate volume, vigour and strength to carry out the role for which it is designed: to hold the whole soft tissue mass that shapes the body and to protect the vital organs. To fulfil this task a satisfactory food intake is required and regulators that are released in the feeding and fasting states, among other signals indicate how much soft mass needs to be built up. Those signals include the secretion of adipocytokines which could represent a relevant link between soft mass (adipose tissue) and skeleton. We studied the presence of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2) and its direct effects in osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2. The results indicated that adiponectin receptors were present in the osteoblastic cells with a higher expression of AdipoR1. Human recombinant globular adiponectin was able to increase viability levels and decrease cytotoxicity rates in cell cultures. Also, adiponectin significantly inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in supernatants. Osteoprotegerin mRNA expression was significantly reduced after 72 h treatment. The FOS induction was studied and the results exhibited a significant increase caused by adiponectin. In conclusion, all these observations suggest that adiponectin influences bone metabolism decreasing the levels of bone formation. Regulators of adiponectin or its receptors could be circulating to modulate the activities of this peptide.
Collapse
|
96
|
Cho HY, Jung JY, Park H, Yang JY, Jung S, An JH, Cho SW, Kim SW, Kim SY, Kim JE, Park YJ, Shin CS. In vivo deletion of CAR resulted in high bone mass phenotypes in male mice. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:561-71. [PMID: 24114688 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) was originally identified as xenobiotic sensor that regulates the expression of cytochrome P450 genes. However, recent studies suggest that this nuclear receptor is also involved in the regulation of energy metabolism including glucose and lipid homeostasis. This study investigated the role of CAR in the regulation of bone mass in vivo using CAR(-/-) mice. Endogenous mRNA expression of CAR was observed in both primary osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors. CAR(-/-) mice have exhibited significant increase in whole body bone mineral density (BMD) by 9.5% (P < 0.01) and 5.5% (P < 0.05) at 10 and 15 weeks of age, respectively, compared with WT mice in males. Microcomputed tomography analysis of proximal tibia demonstrated a significant increase in trabecular bone volume (62.7%), trabecular number (54.1%) in male CAR(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. However, primary culture of calvarial cells exhibited no significant changes in osteogenic differentiation potential between CAR(-/-) and WT. In addition, the number of tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase positive osteoclasts in the femur and serum level of CTx was not different between CAR(-/-) and WT mice. The higher BMD and microstructural parameters were not observed in female mice. Interestingly, serum level of testosterone in male CAR(-/-) mice was 2.5-fold higher compared with WT mice and the mRNA expressions of Cyp2b9 and 2b10 in the liver, which regulate testosterone metabolism, were significantly down-regulated in male CAR(-/-) mice. Furthermore, the difference in BMD between CAR(-/-) and WT mice disappeared at 8 weeks after performing orchiectomy. CAR(-/-) mice also exhibited significant increase in serum 1,25(OH)2 D3 levels but Cyp 27B1 which converts 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2 D3 was significantly down-regulated compared to WT mice. These results suggest that in vivo deletion of CAR resulted in higher bone mass, which appears to be a result from reduced metabolism of testosterone due to down-regulation of Cyp2b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
O’Rourke RW. An emerging role for bone in interorgan communication and the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014; 10:303-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
98
|
Adipokines as drug targets in joint and bone disease. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:241-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
99
|
Doherty AH, Florant GL, Donahue SW. Endocrine regulation of bone and energy metabolism in hibernating mammals. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:463-83. [PMID: 24556365 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise coordination among organs is required to maintain homeostasis throughout hibernation. This is particularly true in balancing bone remodeling processes (bone formation and resorption) in hibernators experiencing nutritional deprivation and extreme physical inactivity, two factors normally leading to pronounced bone loss in non-hibernating mammals. In recent years, important relationships between bone, fat, reproductive, and brain tissues have come to light. These systems share interconnected regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism that potentially protect the skeleton during hibernation. This review focuses on the endocrine and neuroendocrine regulation of bone/fat/energy metabolism in hibernators. Hibernators appear to have unique mechanisms that protect musculoskeletal tissues while catabolizing their abundant stores of fat. Furthermore, the bone remodeling processes that normally cause disuse-induced bone loss in non-hibernators are compared to bone remodeling processes in hibernators, and possible adaptations of the bone signaling pathways that protect the skeleton during hibernation are discussed. Understanding the biological mechanisms that allow hibernators to survive the prolonged disuse and fasting associated with extreme environmental challenges will provide critical information regarding the limit of convergence in mammalian systems and of skeletal plasticity, and may contribute valuable insight into the etiology and treatment of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Doherty
- *Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA*Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA
| | - Gregory L Florant
- *Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA
| | - Seth W Donahue
- *Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anorexia nervosa is among the most prevalent chronic medical conditions in young adults. It has acute as well as long-term consequences, some of which, such as low bone mineral density (BMD), are not completely reversible even after weight restoration. This review discusses our current understanding of endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa. RECENT FINDINGS Anorexia nervosa is characterized by changes in multiple neuroendocrine axes including acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, growth hormone resistance with low insulin-like growth factor-1 (likely mediated by fibroblast growth factor-1), relative hypercortisolemia, alterations in adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin and resistin, and gut peptides including ghrelin, PYY and amylin. These changes in turn contribute to low BMD. Studies in anorexia nervosa have demonstrated abnormalities in bone microarchitecture and strength, and an association between increased marrow fat and decreased BMD. One study in adolescents reported an improvement in BMD following physiologic estrogen replacement, and another in adults demonstrated improved BMD following risedronate administration. Brown adipose tissue is reduced in anorexia nervosa, consistent with an adaptive response to the energy deficit state. SUMMARY Anorexia nervosa is associated with widespread physiologic adaptations to the underlying state of undernutrition. Hormonal changes in anorexia nervosa affect BMD adversely. Further investigation is underway to optimize therapeutic strategies for low BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Singhal
- Pediatric Endocrine Units of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Pediatric Endocrine Units of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Neuroendocrine Units of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Units of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|