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Bio-selective hormonal breast cancer cytotoxic and antioxidant potencies of Melia azedarach L. wild type leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:e00437. [PMID: 32140442 PMCID: PMC7044715 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1st report on physical qualities and phytochemical content of M. azedarach wild type leaves extract and fractions. Ethyl acetate fraction was the most active against bio-selective hormonal breast cancer T47D cell cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The phytochemicals content of active fraction was steroids and triterpene saponin, limonoid (toosendanin, meliarachin, salannin, salannal, 12-hydroxyamoorastatin, meliacarpinin and its derivates), and flavonoids (quercetin glycoside). Significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed between TPC, IC50DPPH, FRAP and IC50T47D.
Melia azedarach L. is used widely in traditional medicine for local or systemic ailments. Although studies exist on phytochemicals and potencies of Chinese and Indian cultivars of Melia, the present study investigated in vitro antioxidant properties of Melia wild type and its cytotoxicity against T47D cell. The ethanolic extract of the Melia leaves was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, and the secondary metabolites were obtained. The antioxidant properties were determined with IC50 DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl) radical and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), while the cytotoxicity was determined with the MTT method. The total phenolic (TPC) and β-sitosterol (SC) contents were also measured. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had higher antioxidant and cytotoxic activities (IC50 211.89 ± 10.86 and 147.90 ± 8.49 μg/mL, respectively) than others. Significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed between TPC, IC50DPPH, FRAP and IC50T47D. LC-EI MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the steroid and triterpenoid saponins, limonoids and quercetin glycosides, which influenced the medicinal properties of the Melia leaves. Melia azedarach L. wild type leaf extracts are a promising natural resource for managing breast cancer.
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Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:1975904. [PMID: 32089694 PMCID: PMC7008253 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1975904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%-5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%-2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.
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Fitzgerald M, Heinrich M, Booker A. Medicinal Plant Analysis: A Historical and Regional Discussion of Emergent Complex Techniques. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1480. [PMID: 31998121 PMCID: PMC6962180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of medicinal plants has had a long history, and especially with regard to assessing a plant's quality. The first techniques were organoleptic using the physical senses of taste, smell, and appearance. Then gradually these led on to more advanced instrumental techniques. Though different countries have their own traditional medicines China currently leads the way in terms of the number of publications focused on medicinal plant analysis and number of inclusions in their Pharmacopoeia. The monographs contained within these publications give directions on the type of analysis that should be performed, and for manufacturers, this typically means that they need access to more and more advanced instrumentation. We have seen developments in many areas of analytical analysis and particularly the development of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and the hyphenation of these techniques. The ability to process data using multivariate analysis software has opened the door to metabolomics giving us greater capacity to understand the many variations of chemical compounds occurring within medicinal plants, allowing us to have greater certainty of not only the quality of the plants and medicines but also of their suitability for clinical research. Refinements in technology have resulted in the ability to analyze and categorize plants effectively and be able to detect contaminants and adulterants occurring at very low levels. However, advances in technology cannot provide us with all the answers we need in order to deliver high-quality herbal medicines and the more traditional techniques of assessing quality remain as important today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fitzgerald
- Herbal and East Asian Medicine, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Booker
- Herbal and East Asian Medicine, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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Comparison of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Lemon Juice and Citric Acid Fueled Solution Combustion Synthesis. BIONANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-019-00670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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55
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Ghotekar S, Pansambal S, Pawar SP, Pagar T, Oza R, Bangale S. Biological activities of biogenically synthesized fluorescent silver nanoparticles using Acanthospermum hispidum leaves extract. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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56
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Studies on Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Rhizome Extracts of Coleus forskohlii Briq. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.3.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gaikwad D, Jadhav N. Development of stable emulsified formulations of Terminalia arjuna for topical application: evaluation of antioxidant activity of final product and molecular docking study. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1740-1750. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1656732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinanath Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, India
| | - Namdeo Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, India
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Vyas S, Kothari S, Kachhwaha S. Nootropic medicinal plants: Therapeutic alternatives for Alzheimer’s disease. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Parmar A, Kaur G, Kapil S, Sharma V, Sachar S, Sandhir R, Sharma S. Green chemistry mediated synthesis of PLGA-Silver nanocomposites for antibacterial synergy: Introspection of formulation parameters on structural and bactericidal aspects. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Potential of Antibacterial Compounds from Sweet Root Extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra L) on Bacillus cereus. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2019. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.22.4.105-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high number of poisoning food and diarrheal diseases caused by Bacillus cereus bacteria has been treated with chemical drugs and traditionally herbal plants. One of the commonly used herbal plants is sweet root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). This study aims to extract and fractionate sweet root plants, determine the antibacterial activity and identify the types of bioactive compounds as antibacterial compounds. The extraction process uses a maceration technique and fractionation using buthanol, ethyl acetate, and hexan solvents. Antibacterial activity was carry out by the diffusion method and identification of bioactive compounds by GCMS analysis. This study showed that greatest antibacterial activity was found in ethyl acetate fraction with a strong category and MIC value of 12,5%. This study for the first time also revealed that the types of bioactive compounds from sweet root plants (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as antibacterial compounds are n-Hexadecanoic as a fatty acid group and 4H-Pyran 4-one 2.3 dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6 methyl from the flavonoid group.
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Isolation of Flavonoid Compounds from Amyl Alcohol Fraction of Golek Mango Leaf (Mangifera indica L cv. Golek). JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2019. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.22.3.67-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mango plant (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit plant with high nutrition in the Anacardiaceae family. One of the several varieties of mango plants spread throughout Indonesia, namely mango golek. This study aims to obtain flavonoid isolates and find out the types of flavonoids in the leaves of mango golek. In this study, maceration was carried out to obtain ethanol extract, then followed by phytochemical tests, removal of chlorophyll using distilled water (1: 1), hydrolysis using 2N HCl, followed by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate and amyl alcohol. In the amyl alcohol fraction, flavonoid was separated using gravity column chromatography with a mixture of eluent n-butanol:n-hexane:methanol (4:2:1). Phytochemical tests showed positive results for alkaloids, saponins, tannins, quinones and flavonoids. UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis provides absorption at a wavelength of 263 nm while FTIR analysis showed the presence of O-H, C=O, C-O-C aliphatic, and C-O alcohol groups. LC-MS/MS instrument analysis showed m/z of 300 which is the molecular mass of isoflavone compound.
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Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Urtica dioica Linn. leaves and their synergistic effects with antibiotics. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Farid O, Zeggwagh NA, Ouadi FEL, Eddouks M. Mentha pulegium Aqueous Extract Exhibits Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Effects in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:292-301. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666181005102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of aerial
parts aqueous extract (A.P.A.E) of Mentha pulegium (M. pulegium) on blood glucose levels in normal
and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rat. The glucose tolerance was evaluated in normal rats.
Moreover, the histological sections and morphometric analysis at the liver and pancreas have been
carried out in this investigation both in normal and STZ-diabetic rats.
Methods:
The effect of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) on blood glucose levels was investigated
in normal and diabetic rats (n=6). Histopathological changes in liver and pancreas were examined under
phase contrast microscope and a preliminary screening for various bioactive constituents was realized
according to standard methods.
Key Findings:
Both single and repeated oral administration of A.P.A.E (20 mg/kg) caused a significant
reduction in blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats (p<0.0001). The morphometric analysis and
histological sections realized in pancreas and liver have showed the beneficial effect of the A.P.A.E in
cellular population. According to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the aqueous extract has revealed
an improvement of glucose tolerance in normal rat. Furthermore, the preliminary phytochemical
screening of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium has demonstrated the presence of various metabolite compounds
including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids tannins, cyanidins, sesquiterpenes, and glycosides.
Conclusion:
We conclude that the A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) exhibits a potent antihyperglycemic
activity in STZ diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Farid
- Department Physiology and Endocrine Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Naoufel Ali Zeggwagh
- Department Physiology and Endocrine Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Fadwa EL Ouadi
- Department Physiology and Endocrine Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Department Physiology and Endocrine Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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HemRaj V, Gupta A, Upmanyu N. Anti-Arthritics Activity of Cissampelos pareira Leaves and Stephania glabra Rhizome Ethanolic Extract on Adjuvant and Potassium Oxonate Treated Rat. Open Rheumatol J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874312901913010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
The study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of ethanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae) and Stephania glabra (Menispermaceae).
Methods:
Sprague Dawley rats (200 ± 20g) were used as experimental animals. Animal models like Freund’s Adjuvant (FA) induced inflammation, Monosodium Iodo Acetate (MIA) induced osteoarthritis and Potassium Oxonate Induced Uricemia (POU) were used for the study. Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) were assessed in the blood of rats. The dose of 200 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira (CPE) and Stephania glabra (SGE) was recorded as the safe dose.
Results:
CPE and SGE significantly decreased (P < 0.001) elevated paw edema on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 in FA-induced arthritis as compared to the control group. Both extracts were found to cause a significant decrease. Also, a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in MIA-induced increase in knee diameter was observed in extracts treated groups. CPE was found to be more effective than SGE. Both extracts were found to be significantly effective (P < 0.001) in potassium Oxonate induced hyperuricemia.
Conclusion:
From the result, it is clear that the ethanolic extracts of CPE and SGE possess beneficial effects against rheumatic disease, osteoarthritis as well as against hyperuricemia. The result may provide an effective treatment against such arthritic problems. Again it may be assumed from the study that the drugs Cissampelos pareira and Stephania glabra can be used to formulate novel drug formulations against the above said ailments.
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Annenkov VV, Krishnan UM, Pal'shin VA, Zelinskiy SN, Kandasamy G, Danilovtseva EN. Design of Oligonucleotide Carriers: Importance of Polyamine Chain Length. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1297. [PMID: 30961222 PMCID: PMC6401700 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amine containing polymers are extensively studied as special carriers for short-chain RNA (13⁻25 nucleotides), which are applied as gene silencing agents in gene therapy of various diseases including cancer. Elaboration of the oligonucleotide carriers requires knowledge about peculiarities of the oligonucleotide⁻polymeric amine interaction. The critical length of the interacting chains is an important parameter which allows us to design sophisticated constructions containing oligonucleotide binding segments, solubilizing, protective and aiming parts. We studied interactions of (TCAG)n, n = 1⁻6 DNA oligonucleotides with polyethylenimine and poly(N-(3-((3-(dimethylamino)propyl)(methyl)amino)propyl)-N-methylacrylamide). The critical length for oligonucleotides in interaction with polymeric amines is 8⁻12 units and complexation at these length can be accompanied by "all-or-nothing" effects. New dimethylacrylamide based polymers with grafted polyamine chains were obtained and studied in complexation with DNA and RNA oligonucleotides. The most effective interaction and transfection activity into A549 cancer cells and silencing efficiency against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was found for a sample with average number of nitrogens in polyamine chain equal to 27, i.e., for a sample in which all grafted chains are longer than the critical length for polymeric amine⁻oligonucleotide complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Viktor A Pal'shin
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Stanislav N Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Gayathri Kandasamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Elena N Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
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Isolation of Flavonoid Compounds from Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) and Antioxidant Tests with DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) Method. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2018. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.21.4.187-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The research had been conducted of the isolation of flavonoid compounds from water hyacinth plants (Eichhornia crassipes) and antioxidant activity test by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. This research starts from maceration of water hyacinth with ethanol solvent. Ethanol extract was hydrolyzed with HCl. Flavonoid separation is carried out by column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The obtained isolates were analyzed by UV vis spectrophotometer and FTIR spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH method. Flavonoid isolates were obtained as heavy as 4.5 mg (0.006%). The results of the analysis of flavonoid isolates A4a with UV vis spectrophotometer appear at a wavelength of 368 nm (band I) and 260 nm (band II). The results of the analysis with FTIR shown that the isolates had functional groups O-H, aliphatic C-H, CH3, C =O, aromatic C = C, and C-O ether, it was suspected that flavonoid isolates had a basic structure of quercetin 7-methyl ether compounds. The results of antioxidant activity test of flavonoid isolates shown IC50 price of 254.66 mg / L
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Singh V, Krishan P, Shri R. Antioxidant-mediated neuroprotection by Allium schoenoprasum L. leaf extract against ischemia reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 29:403-410. [PMID: 29933243 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is strongly implicated in ischemia reperfusion (IR)-mediated functional and neuronal impairment. Therefore, strategies employing antioxidants to reverse the damage due to IR are being investigated. Allium schoenoprasum L. is a culinary medicine whose antioxidant properties are well documented but whose neuroprotective potential has not been examined. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. schoenoprasum leaf extract (ASLE) on functional deficit against IR-induced cerebral injury in mice. Methods Acute toxicity studies of ASLE were performed following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 423. IR injury was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 15 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. Animals were treated for 7 days with ASLE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. once daily) after IR injury. Functional outcomes (memory and sensorimotor functions) were measured using Morris water maze and neurological severity score, respectively. Cerebral infarct size and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity) were measured in order to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of ASLE. Results No toxic effects of ASLE were observed in mice. Oral treatment with ASLE for 7 days significantly attenuated IR-mediated memory and sensorimotor function deficit in the animals. The extract also reduced the cerebral infarct size and rise in brain TBARS levels, and restored the GSH levels and SOD activity. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that ASLE is safe and effective in improving functional outcomes. It demonstrates neuroprotective effect by enhancing the antioxidant defence against IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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In vivo antianxiety and antidepressant activity of Murraya paniculata leaf extracts. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 15:320-325. [PMID: 28659237 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(17)60352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Different parts of Murraya paniculata have been used traditionally for treating several ailments including mental disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate the antianxiety and antidepressant potential of M. paniculata leaves using elevated plus maze model and forced swim test, respectively. METHODS Extracts of M. paniculata made with petroleum ether (60-80 °C), chloroform, ethanol and water were evaluated for antianxiety and antidepressant activity. The anxiolytic chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatography, yielding five fractions (F1-F5). Fraction F5 (100 mg/kg), which showed notable anxiolytic activity, was further chromatographed to get four subfractions (F5.1-F5.4). Simultaneously, the ethanol extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain ethyl acetate soluble fraction (EASF) and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. Phytochemical screening of bioactive extracts/fractions and detection of mahanimbine in M. paniculata leaf extract by thin-layer chromatography was also carried out. RESULTS Fraction F5.3 (25 mg/kg) and EASF (20 mg/kg) showed significant anxiolytic and antidepressant activity, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography and phytochemical screening demonstrated the absence of mahanimbine in M. paniculata leaves. Coumarins were observed to be responsible for the anxiolytic activity. CONCLUSION The results validate the traditional use of M. paniculata leaves in the treatment of mental disorders.
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Singh V, Krishan P, Shri R. Improvement of memory and neurological deficit with Ocimum basilicum L. extract after ischemia reperfusion induced cerebral injury in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1111-1120. [PMID: 29546690 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke. Strategies using antioxidants to improve neurological functions after stroke have, thus, gained significant attention. Ocimum basilicum L. is used traditionally to treat CNS disorders. Its antioxidant capacity is well established. Our laboratory has reported protective effects of pre-treatment with O. basilicum in experimental stroke, but its curative (post-treatment) effects in ischemic stroke have not been documented. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of O. basilicum leaf extract (OBLE) on functional outcomes following cerebral injury in mice. Cerebral injury was induced in the experimental animals by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) followed by reperfusion. OBLE treatment (200 and 400 mg/kg; orally, once daily) was given for 7 days after BCCAO. Cognitive outcomes and sensorimotor disturbances were evaluated with Morris Water Maze, Elevated Plus Maze and neurological severity score, respectively. TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining was used to measure cerebral infarct size. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity in mice brain homogenate were estimated to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of OBLE. Treatment with OBLE resulted in marked improvement in memory and motor coordination. OBLE also decreased cerebral infarct size and oxidative stress in mice. The extract was standardised with respect to total phenol content; an HPLC-PDA analysis showed the presence of eight phenolic acids in OBLE. It is concluded that treatment with OBLE improves functional outcomes after ischemic stroke and this may be developed as a neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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Samat N, Ng MF, Ruslan NF, Okuda KS, Tan PJ, Patel V. Interference Potential of Tannins and Chlorophylls in Zebrafish Phenotypic-Based Assays. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:408-419. [PMID: 29985634 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are prolific producers of diverse chemical scaffolds, which have yielded several clinically useful drugs. However, the complex features of natural products present challenges for identifying bioactive molecules using high-throughput screens. For most assays, measured endpoints are either colorimetric or luminescence based. Thus, the presence of the major metabolites, tannins, and chlorophylls, in natural products could potentially interfere with these measurements to give either false-positive or false-negative hits. In this context, zebrafish phenotypic assays provide an alternative approach to bioprospect naturally occurring bioactive compounds. Whether tannins and/or chlorophylls interfere in zebrafish phenotypic assays, is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the interference potential of tannins and chlorophylls against efficacy of known small-molecule inhibitors that are known to cause phenotypic abnormalities in developing zebrafish embryos. First, we fractionated tannin-enriched fraction (TEF) and chlorophyll-enriched fraction (CEF) from Camellia sinensis and cotreated them with PD0325901 [mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase (MEK) inhibitor] and sunitinib malate (SM; anti-[lymph]angiogenic drug). While TEF and CEF did not interfere with phenotypic or molecular endpoints of PD0325901, TEF at 100 μg/mL partially masked the antiangiogenic effect of SM. On the other hand, CEF (100 μg/mL) was toxic when treated up to 6 dpf. Furthermore, CEF at 100 μg/mL potentially enhanced the activity of γ-secretase inhibitors, resulting in toxicity of treated embryos. Our study provides evidence that the presence of tannin and/or chlorophyll in natural products do interfere with zebrafish phenotype assays used for identifying potential hits. However, this may be target/assay dependent and thus requiring additional optimization steps to assess interference potential of tannins and chlorophylls before performing any screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Fong Ng
- Cancer Research Malaysia , Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Pei Jean Tan
- Cancer Research Malaysia , Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia , Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mouffouk C, Hambaba L, Haba H, Mouffouk S, Bensouici C, mouffouk S, Hachemi M, Khadraoui H. Acute toxicity and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects and in vitro antioxidant and anti-arthritic potential of Scabiosa stellata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-018-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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72
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Allelopathic prospective of Retama raetam L. against the noxious weed Phalaris minor Retz. growing in Triticum aestivum L. fields. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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73
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Popli D, Anil V, Subramanyam AB, M N N, V R R, Rao SN, Rai RV, Govindappa M. Endophyte fungi, Cladosporium species-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles possessing in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer activity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:676-683. [PMID: 29400565 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1434188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This research study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous extract of endophytic fungi, Cladosporium species (CsAgNPs) and investigated the effects of antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity. Cladosporium species-mediated silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The aqueous extract of Cladosporium species has shown the presence of carbohydrates, tannin, phenolic glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenol and anthraquinones. At 438 nm conformed the absorbance of AgNPs. The SEM result confirms that size, morphology and high density of the synthesized nanoparticles with huge disparity in the particle size distribution. The FTIR analysis confirmed the important biological compounds responsible for reduction of silver. Strong absorption property of AgNPs was studied by EDX. In antioxidant activity, CsAgNPs showed the involvement of NADPH-dependent reductase in the formation of AgNPs. The AgNPs has reduced the activity of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in vitro antidiabetic activity. The CsAgNPs showed significant glucose uptake in 3T3L1 cell line. The AgNPs have shown excellent inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE. To our best knowledge, this is the first on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using endophytic fungi, Cladosporium species isolated from healthy leaf of Loranthus micranthus. Hence, to validate our results the in vivo animal studies at molecular level are needed to develop an antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-cholinesterase agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Popli
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering , Bengaluru , India
| | - Vishaka Anil
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering , Bengaluru , India
| | - Akshatha B Subramanyam
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering , Bengaluru , India
| | - Namratha M N
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering , Bengaluru , India
| | - Ranjitha V R
- b Department of Studies in Microbiology , University of Mysore , Mysore , India
| | - Saroja N Rao
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering , Bengaluru , India
| | - Ravishankar V Rai
- b Department of Studies in Microbiology , University of Mysore , Mysore , India
| | - Melappa Govindappa
- a Department of Biotechnology , Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering , Bengaluru , India
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74
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Hebi M, Eddouks M. Hypolipidemic activity of Tamarix articulata Vahl. in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2017; 15:476-482. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(17)60361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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75
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Silva KMMDA, Nóbrega ABDA, Lessa B, Anholeti MC, Lobão AQ, Valverde AL, Paiva SRDE, Joffily A. Clusia criuva Cambess. (Clusiaceae): anatomical characterization, chemical prospecting and antioxidant activity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1565-1578. [PMID: 28767887 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims the anatomical description and chemical characterization of aerial parts of Clusia criuva Cambess., Clusiaceae in addition to the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of crude extracts, correlated to the flavonoid content. The morphological characterization was performed using traditional techniques of plant anatomy. For phytochemical studies, crude extracts were obtained by static maceration and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The antioxidant activity and the flavonoids content were determined by colorimetric methods involving, respectively, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and aluminum chloride. C. criuva has uniseriate epidermis, paracytic stomata, hypostomatic leaves, cuticular flanges and cordiform vascular cylinder with accessory bundles. Chemical prospecting confirmed the abundant presence of terpenes and phenols in the extracts of leaves and of fruits. The methanolic extract of seeds showed the lowest EC50 value, but the methanolic extract of pericarps exhibited the highest maximum antioxidant activity. The results suggested a high percentage of flavonoids in the hexanic extract of pericarps, however, this could represent, in fact, the presence of benzophenones. Secretory ducts and the shape of the midrib are diagnostic for C. criuva. The antioxidant activity is not directly related to the flavonoids. The results indicate the importance of future studies with C. criuva chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M M DA Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, Jardim Botânico, 22460-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea B DA Nóbrega
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Far-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Av. Comandante Guaranys, 447, Jacarepaguá, 22775-903 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lessa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Far-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Av. Comandante Guaranys, 447, Jacarepaguá, 22775-903 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Anholeti
- Setor de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Q Lobão
- Setor de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra L Valverde
- Lapromar, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Selma R DE Paiva
- Setor de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Joffily
- Setor de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Campus do Valonguinho, Centro, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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76
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Kaur R, Singh V, Shri R. Anti-amnesic effects of Ganoderma species: A possible cholinergic and antioxidant mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:1055-1061. [PMID: 28618650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are valued for their nutritional as well as medicinal properties. Ganoderma species are used traditionally to treat neurological disorders but scientific evidence for this is insufficient. The present study was designed to systematically evaluate the anti-amnesic effect of selected Ganoderma species i.e. G. mediosinense and G. ramosissimum. Extracts of selected mushroom species were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition using in-vitro assays (DPPH and Ellman tests respectively). The anti-amnesic potential of the most active extract (i.e. 70% methanol extract of G. mediosinense) was confirmed using mouse model of scopolamine-induced amnesia. Mice were treated with bioactive extract and donepezil once orally before the induction of amnesia. Cognitive functions were evaluated using passive shock avoidance (PSA) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. The effect on brain AChE activity, brain oxidative stress (TBARS level) and neuronal damage (H & E staining) were also assessed. In-vitro results showed strong antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activities by G. mediosinense extract (GME). Therefore, it was selected for in-vivo studies. GME pre-treatment (800mg/kg, p.o.) reversed the effect of scopolamine in mice, evident by significant decrease (p <0.05) in the transfer latency time and increase in object recognition index in PSA and NOR, respectively. GME significantly reduced the brain AChE activity and oxidative stress. Histopathological examination of brain tissues showed decrease in vacuolated cytoplasm and increase in pyramidal cells in brain hippocampal and cortical regions. GME exerts anti-amnesic effect through AChE inhibition and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Julianti E, Rajah KK, Fidrianny I. Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cinnamon Bark, Honey, and Their Combination Effects against Acne-Causing Bacteria. Sci Pharm 2017; 85:E19. [PMID: 28398231 PMCID: PMC5489923 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm85020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the major skin bacteria that cause the formation of acne. The present study was conducted to investigate antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of cinnamon bark, honey, and their combination against acne bacteria. The antibacterial activity of extract of cinnamon bark and honey were investigated against P. acnes and S. epidermidis using disc diffusion. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were attained using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) methods. The interaction between cinnamon bark extract and honey was determined using a checkerboards method. The results showed that the MICs of cinnamon bark extract and honey against P. acne were 256 µg/mL and 50% v/v, respectively, while those against S. epidermidis were 1024 µg/mL and 50% v/v, respectively. The MBC of cinnamon bark extract against P. acnes and S. epidermidis were more than 2048 µg/mL, whereas the MBC for honey against P. acnes and S. epidermidis were 100%. The combination of cinnamon bark extract and honey against P. acnes and S. epidermidis showed additive activity with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value of 0.625. Therefore, the combination of cinnamon bark extract and honey has potential activity against acne-causing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Julianti
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Labtek VII, JL. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kasturi K Rajah
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Labtek VII, JL. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Irda Fidrianny
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Labtek VII, JL. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia.
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78
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Isolasi Bakteri Endofit pada Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Linn. Var Rubrum) Penghasil Senyawa Antioksidan. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2017. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.20.1.25-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai isolasi bakteri endhofit pada jahe merah (zingiber officinale linn. var rubrum)penghasil senyawa antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri endofit yang bersimbiosis dengan rimpang jahe merah, memperoleh data aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan mengetahui informasi mengenai kandungan kimia metabolit sekunder bakteri endofit. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah surface sterilization dan spreading pada media YMA dilanjutkan dengan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode peredaman radikal DPPH dan penapisan fitokimia. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi isolasi bakteri endofit yang bersimbiosis dengan rimpang jahe, produksi metabolit sekunder isolat bakteri endofit, uji aktivitas antioksidan dan penapisan fitokimia. Penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga isolat bakteri endofit yaitu isolat J1, isolat J2 dan isolat J3 yang memiliki morfologi sel berbeda serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang paling efektif pada konsentrasi 31,25 ppm dengan nilai % inhibisi pada isolat J1, J2 dan J3 berturut-turut sebesar 22,71% ; 20,86% dan 13,08% dan semua metabolit sekunder isolat bakteri endofit memiliki kandungan flavanoid dan saponin.
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Ansari P, Uddin MJ, Akther S, Azam S, Mahmud MK, Azad SB, Ullah A, Hannan JMA. Investigation of antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Persicaria orientalis leaves in rodents. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:171-179. [PMID: 28121616 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the scientific basis of traditional application of Persicaria orientalis for reducing pain and inflammation. METHODS An in vitro method was performed to investigate the presence of the anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic crude extract of P. orientalis. In addition, an in vivo study was conducted in which the hot-plate and tail immersion methods were applied to explore the acute effect of P. orientalis on analgesia. The potency to inhibit chronic inflammation in mice was justified by the carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin-induced edema methods. For all in vivo testing in animal models (albino mice and rats), plant extract was given via the oral route at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. RESULTS The methanolic extract of P. orientalis produced a significant (p<0.001) inhibition of analgesia with a prolongation of pain response time by 61.80% at 500 mg/kg. The extract also exhibited a potential anti-inflammatory (56.99%) effect, which was also statistically significant (p<0.001). The present study suggests that the methanolic extract of P. orientalis has potential anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic activity and this extract is effective in the treatment of both acute and chronic pain. CONCLUSIONS Our current study revealed pharmacological properties of the methanolic extract of P. orientalis and also gave a solid scientific platform against its traditional use. The protecting ability of P. orientalis against inflammatory stimuli may be due to phenolic or flavonoid compounds which we have found through phytochemical analysis.
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Allelopathic potential of invasive species: Nicotiana glauca Graham on some ecological and physiological aspects of Medicago sativa L. and Triticum aestivum L. RENDICONTI LINCEI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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81
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Antimutagenic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schott Leaves on Mice. Sci Pharm 2017; 85:scipharm85010007. [PMID: 28218683 PMCID: PMC5388144 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm85010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhaphidophora pinnata is suggested to prevent or treat cancer of genetic mutations. In this study, antimutagenic activity of an ethanol extract of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves was evaluated by using a bone marrow micronucleus assay on mice. Male mice (20–30 g) were treated for sevendays with an ethanol extract of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves at a dose of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg/day/orally, prior to exposure to cyclophosphamide (i.p. 30 mg/kg), 24 h after the end of the treatment. Antimutagenic activity was determined by the decrease of micronuclei (MN). The results showed that a single administration of all variant doses of the extract had significantly decreased the micronucleus formation in bone marrow cell of mice as compared to the cyclophosphamide group. The ethanol extract of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves had antimutagenic activity against cyclophosphamide-induced gene mutation.
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Singh V, Krishan P, Singh N, Kumar A, Shri R. Amelioration of ischemia-reperfusion induced functional and biochemical deficit in mice by Ocimum kilimandscharicum leaf extract. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:556-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Anam K, Susilo D, Kusrini D, Agustina L. Chemical Constituents and Inhibition Xanthine Oxidase Activity of Avicennia marina Exudate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2017.19.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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84
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Dahiya J, Singh J, Kumar A, Sharma A. Isolation, characterization and quantification of an anxiolytic constituent - mahanimbine, from Murraya koenigii Linn. Spreng Leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:706-711. [PMID: 27737817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaves of M. koenigii Linn. Spreng (Rutaceae) have been used as traditional medicine for anxiety disorders. Aim of the study was to isolate antianxiety principle(s) from the leaves of M. koenigii using bioactivity guided approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hydroalcoholic extract of M. koenigii leaves was prepared using soxhlet apparatus, and the same was evaluated for antianxiety activity at 250, 500 and 750mg/kg, po, using Elevated plus-maze (EPM). The extract was further partitioned successively with pet ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 1-butanol. All the fractions were evaluated for antianxiety activity. The bioactive ethyl acetate fraction was column chromatographed to get 5 fractions (F1-F5). All the fractions were evaluated for antianxiety activity using EPM. A pure compound, separated out from F2, was characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques, and its anxiolytic activity was evaluated using EPM. Antianxiety activity of isolated compound was further evaluated using Actophotometer and m-CPP induced anxiety model. TLC-densitometric method was developed to quantify mahanimbine in the plant. RESULTS The present study resulted in the isolation of mahanimbine, which exhibits potent antianxiety activity at 3mg/kg, and the activity was statistically comparable to that of diazepam (2mg/kg). The developed TLC-densitometric method is specific, linear, precise, accurate, repeatable and robust. CONCLUSIONS This study validates the ethnopharmacological use of M. koenigii leaves in the management of anxiety disorders. Mahanimbine is responsible for the antianxiety effect of M. koenigii leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dahiya
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jitender Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Anupam Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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85
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Identifikasi Kandungan Kimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Kulit Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.). JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2016. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.19.3.87-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ekstraksi, fraksinasi, uji aktivitas antimikroba dengan metode difusi agar serta identifikasi kandungan kimia dari fraksi aktif dari kulit durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) telah dilakukan. Dari maserasi dari kulit durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) yang dilakukan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, diperoleh ekstrak etanol kulit durian. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana, kloroform, etil asetat, dan metanol sehingga diperoleh masing-masing fraksi n-heksana, kloroform, etil asetat, dan metanol. Dari ekstrak dan fraksi kulit durian, kemudian dilakukan uji aktivitas antimikroba, hingga diperoleh fraksi teraktif adalah fraksi etil asetat. Identifikasi kandungan kimia dalam fraksi aktif etil asetat kulit durian dilakukan dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis preparatif. Sedangkan uji kemurnian isolat dianalisis menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan didapatkan isolat E.2.2.2. Isolat berbentuk serbuk putih dan karakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis menunjukkan panjang gelombang maksimum 205 nm, 236 nm, dan 270-300 nm. Analisis dengan spektofotometer FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus O-H, =C-H aromatik, C=C aromatik, substitusi aromatik, C=O asam karboksilat, C=C alkena dan C-O eter. Sedangkan Analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dengan pembanding senyawa standar asam fenolat, diduga bahwa isolat E.2.2.2 adalah asam ferulat.
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Morsy N, Al Sherif EA, Abdel-rassol TM. Phytochemical analysis of Calotropis procera with antimicrobial activity investigation. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-160206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagy Morsy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, University of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad A. Al Sherif
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, University of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, BeniSuef University, BeniSuef, Egypt
| | - Tayseer M.A. Abdel-rassol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Khulais, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Egypt
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Jena AK, Vasisht K, Sharma N, Kaur R, Dhingra MS, Karan M. Amelioration of testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by Prunus species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:33-45. [PMID: 27235020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder of men. The ethnomedicinal use of an African plant Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (Pygeum) in treating men's problems made it a popular remedy all over the globe for the treatment of BPH and related disorders. However, rampant collections made from the wild in Africa have pushed the plant to Appendix II of CITES demanding conservation of the species. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the aim was to unearth the protective effect of bark of different species of Prunus against BPH. The five selected Indian plants of family Rosaceae viz. Prunus amygdalus Stokes, Prunus armeniaca L., Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prunus domestica L. and Prunus persica (L.) Batsch were evaluated against P. africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman for a suitable comparison of efficacy as antiBPH agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiBPH activity was evaluated in testosterone (2mg/kg/day, s.c, 21 days) induced BPH in Wistar rats. The parameters studied were body weights; histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry (PCNA) and biochemical estimations of the prostate; supported by prostatic index, testicular index, creatinine, testosterone levels; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory evaluation. The study also included chemical profiling using three markers (β-sitosterol, docosyl ferulate and ursolic acid) and estimation of β-sitosterol content through GC. RESULTS The Prunus species showed the presence of all the three markers in their TLC fingerprint profile and maximum amount of β-sitosterol by GC was observed in P. domestica. Interestingly, all the species exhibited significant amelioration in testosterone induced parameters with P. domestica showing the most encouraging effect as indicated from histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry and biochemical studies. The Prunus species further showed remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity signifying their role in interfering with various possible factors involved in BPH. CONCLUSIONS These findings are suggestive of a meaningful inhibitory effect of testosterone induced BPH by the bark of different species of Prunus in the order of P. domestica, P. persica, P. amygdalus, P. cerasoides and P. armeniaca with an efficacy of P. domestica comparable to P. africana and can be used as the potential backup of Pygeum for the management of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Jena
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Karan Vasisht
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Neetika Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ramdeep Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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88
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Amin A, Tuenter E, Exarchou V, Upadhyay A, Cos P, Maes L, Apers S, Pieters L. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations on Nymphoides indica Leaf Extracts. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1624-1633. [PMID: 27282639 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze (Menyanthaceae) is traditionally used in the Indian subcontinent. However, scientific data reporting its constituents are poor. This study aimed at evaluating its phytochemical constituents and various biological activities. Phytochemical investigations of the extracts and fractions resulted in the isolation of 5 lipophilic compounds, i.e. azelaic (nonanedioic) acid (1) and 4-methyl-heptanedioic acid (3), hexadecanoic (2) and stearic acid (5) and the fatty alcohol hexadecanol (4); 3 seco-iridoids, i.e. 7-epiexaltoside (6), 6″,7″-dihydro-7-epiexaltoside (7) and menthiafolin (8); 3 flavonoids, i.e. 3,7-di-O-methylquercetin-4'-O-β-glucoside (9), 3-O-methylquercetin-7-O-β-glucoside (10) and 3,7-di-O-methylquercetin (11); scopoletin (12) and ferulic acid (13); and the monoterpenoids foliamenthoic acid (14) and 6,7-dihydrofoliamenthoic acid methyl ester (15). Compounds 1-5 showed moderate antimicrobial activities, whereas compound 9 presented mild antiprotozoal activities against Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 8 μM), Leishmania infantum (IC50 32 μM) and Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 30 μM). Antiglycation activity was shown by compounds 7 (IC50 0.36 mM), 10 (IC50 0.42 mM) and 15 (IC50 0.61 mM). Finally α-glucosidase inhibition was shown by compounds 7, 9, 11 and 13-15. It could be concluded that N. indica leaf extracts possess mild to moderate antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Amin
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Emmy Tuenter
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vassiliki Exarchou
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Atul Upadhyay
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Apers
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Abstract
Plumeria (Apocynaceae) is a genus comprising mostly of lactiferous trees and deciduous shrubs. Plumeria obtusa L. is a widely available but pharmacologically lesser explored species of this genus. Thus, present research was undertaken to determine the phytochemical constituents and the antioxidant potential of the methanol extract and fractions of the plant. The antioxidant potential was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nittya K Dogra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, India
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90
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Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory finishing of cotton by microencapsulation using three marine organisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:59-64. [PMID: 26776873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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91
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Ferrari FC, Lemos Lima RDC, Schimith Ferraz Filha Z, Barros CH, de Paula Michel Araújo MC, Antunes Saúde-Guimarães D. Effects of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus extracts on gout: Anti-inflammatory activity and anti-hyperuricemic effect through xantine oxidase and uricosuric action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:37-42. [PMID: 26778678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaves infusion of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat the predisposition to arthritical and gouty affections of the joints, fever and other diseases. A refreshing drink prepared with the specie is also used due to its diuretic, sedative and aphrodisiac actions. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms of anti-hyperuricemic effect and anti-inflammatory activity of P. pseudocaryophyllus extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-hyperuricemic effect was investigated using xanthine oxidase assay and uricosuric studies with rats in which hyperuricemia was induced by potassium oxonate and uric acid. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated on MSU crystal-induced paw edema model. Ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves (EAL) and branches (EAB), ethanolic extracts of leaves (EEL) and branches (EEB) and aqueous extracts of leaves (AL) and branches (AB) were evaluated. RESULTS The extracts of P. pseudocaryophyllus evaluated showed expressive results regarding the inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme in vitro and they were also able to reduce serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic rats. The investigation of the mechanism of action, it was found that EAL, EAB, EEB, AB (125 and 250 mg/kg) and AL (250 mg/kg) promoted an increase on the urinary excretion of uric acid and EEL, EEB, AB (125 and 250 mg/kg) and EAB (250 mg/kg) were capable to inhibit liver xanthine oxidase. Treatments with EEL (125 and 250 mg/kg) and EEB (250 mg/kg) were able to reduce edema at 48 th h. EAL and EAB (125 and 250 mg/kg) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity on monosodium urate crystal-induced paw edema model at all evaluated times. CONCLUSIONS The specie P. pseudocaryophyllus showed remarkable anti-hyperuricemic effects through uricosuric effects and inhibition of xanthine oxidase and therefore can be considered as a promise in the treatment of diseases related to hyperuricemia. Moreover, ethyl acetate extracts had significant anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cristina Ferrari
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Lemos Lima
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Zilma Schimith Ferraz Filha
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Helena Barros
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Dênia Antunes Saúde-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil.
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92
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Aman U, Subhan F, Shahid M, Akbar S, Ahmad N, Ali G, Fawad K, Sewell RDE. Passiflora incarnata attenuation of neuropathic allodynia and vulvodynia apropos GABA-ergic and opioidergic antinociceptive and behavioural mechanisms. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:77. [PMID: 26912265 PMCID: PMC4765057 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Passiflora incarnata is widely used as an anxiolytic and sedative due to its putative GABAergic properties. Passiflora incarnata L. methanolic extract (PI-ME) was evaluated in an animal model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic allodynia and vulvodynia in rats along with antinociceptive, anxiolytic and sedative activities in mice in order to examine possible underlying mechanisms. Methods PI-ME was tested preliminary for qualitative phytochemical analysis and then quantitatively by proximate and GC-MS analysis. The antinociceptive property was evaluated using the abdominal constriction assay and hot plate test. The anxiolytic activity was performed in a stair case model and sedative activity in an open field test. The antagonistic activities were evaluated using naloxone and/or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). PI-ME was evaluated for prospective anti-allodynic and anti-vulvodynic properties in a rat model of streptozotocin induced neuropathic pain using the static and dynamic testing paradigms of mechanical allodynia and vulvodynia. Results GC-MS analysis revealed that PI-ME contained predominant quantities of oleamide (9-octadecenamide), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) and 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, among other active constituents. In the abdominal constriction assay and hot plate test, PI-ME produced dose dependant, naloxone and pentylenetetrazole reversible antinociception suggesting an involvement of opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms. In the stair case test, PI-ME at 200 mg/kg increased the number of steps climbed while at 600 mg/kg a significant decrease was observed. The rearing incidence was diminished by PI-ME at all tested doses and in the open field test, PI-ME decreased locomotor activity to an extent that was analagous to diazepam. The effects of PI-ME were antagonized by PTZ in both the staircase and open field tests implicating GABAergic mechanisms in its anxiolytic and sedative activities. In the streptozotocin-induced neuropathic nociceptive model, PI-ME (200 and 300 mg/kg) exhibited static and dynamic anti-allodynic effects exemplified by an increase in paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency. PI-ME relieved only the dynamic component of vulvodynia by increasing flinching response latency. Conclusions These findings suggest that Passiflora incarnata might be useful for treating neuropathic pain. The antinociceptive and behavioural findings inferring that its activity may stem from underlying opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms though a potential oleamide-sourced cannabimimetic involvement is also discussed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1048-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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93
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Kusmiati, Dhewantara FXR. Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Beta Glucan Extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Rats. Sci Pharm 2016; 84:153-65. [PMID: 27110506 PMCID: PMC4839553 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.isp.2015.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucans are present in fungi, plants, algae, and bacteria. β-Glucan, one of the major cell wall components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been found to enhance immune functions. Glucans are glucose polymers with an α- or β-type glycosidic chain. The role of (1→3)-β-D-glucan is in the maintenance of yeast cell wall shape and rigidity. Studies reveal that soluble glucans can lower total cholesterol and LDL levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia. The important benefit of β-glucan is to improve the immune system and to decrease cholesterol levels in the blood. Several studies have reported the benefits of β-glucan as: antiseptic, antioxidant, anti-aging, immune system activators, protection against radiation, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cholesterol etc. In this research S. cerevisiae was cultured in yeast extract–peptone–glucose (YPG) broth medium to produce beta-glucan. Cells were harvested at the stationary phase, washed, and disrupted by means of sonication method. The obtained cell walls were used to prepare alkali-soluble β-glucan (glucan-S1). In this regard, 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 3% acetic acid were used in alkaline–acid extraction, respectively. Potential use of beta-glucan extract as an anticholesterol agent was tested using Sprague dawley strain rats. The experiments were divided into eight groups with four replicates: Group I (normal control), group II (fed with cholesterol without beta-glucan), group III (fed with cholesterol + atorvastatin), group IV (fed with cholesterol + β-glucan standard), group V–VIII (fed of cholesterol + β-glucan of S. cerevisiae with each dose of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg / BW. Rats were fed with cholesterol for 14 days, except for group I. Analysis of blood was carried out to determine total cholesterol, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde. The results showed that beta-glucan crude obtained from S. cerevisiae cultures was 6.890g.L−1. Βeta-glucan extract of S. cerevisiae can reduce total cholesterol approaching normal values at doses of 10 mg of 32.79 % (blood plasma) and 33.71 % (in the liver). The extract was capable of reducing triglyceride levels in a dose of 10 mg of beta-glucan 64.43 % (blood plasma) and at a dose 30 mg of beta-glucan 19.45 % (liver). Beta-glucan treatment at a dose of 40 mg can reduce MDA levels of 45.22 % (blood plasma) and 42.64 % (liver).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusmiati
- Research Center for Biotechnology - LIPI, Jl Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - F X Rizky Dhewantara
- Faculty of Pharmacy - Univ. of Pancasila, Srengseng Sawah Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia
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94
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Algandaby MM, El-Darier SM. Management of the noxious weed; Medicago polymorpha L. via allelopathy of some medicinal plants from Taif region, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:1339-1347. [PMID: 30505179 PMCID: PMC6251993 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Germination bioassay was carried out to test the biological activity of Achillea santolina L. (ASAE), Artemisia monosperma Del. (AMAE), Pituranthus tortuosus L. (PTAE) and Thymus capitatus L. (TCAE) aqueous extracts (collected from Taif region, KSA) on germination percentage (GP), plumule (PL) and radicle (RL) lengths (mm) besides seedling dry weight (SDW) (mg/seedlings) of Medicago polymorpha L. The inhibitory effect of P. tortuosus was insignificant compared to the other three donor species which attained the strongest allelopathic potential in the following order: A. santolina > A. monosperma > T. capitatus. Growth experiment using crude powder of the four donor species was conducted to examine their effects on leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic pigments, total available carbohydrates (TAC) and total protein (TP). It is worth mentioning that each of the four donor species crude powders mixed with clay loam soil appeared to have a great inhibitory allelopathic effect on LAI, total photosynthetic pigment and chlorophyll a (Chl a) while carotenoids exhibited a slight increase with the application of the four donor species crude powders. TAC and TP were significantly decreased with increasing the crude powder concentrations while a slight decrease was recorded for carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. There is possibility of using these allelochemicals directly or as structural leads for the discovery and development of environmentally friendly herbicides to control weeds. The study recommended that these species must be phytochemically examined in future for their allelochemicals in order to provide information on the possibilities of using one or more of these species as bioherbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi Mohammed Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salama M El-Darier
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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95
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Aktivitas Inhibisi α-Glukosidase dan Identifikasi Senyawa dalam Fraksi Aktif Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.). JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2015. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.18.3.110-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosela merupakan tanaman yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi penyakit diabetes melitus (DM), dalam terapi DM dapat dilakukan dengan menghambat kerja enzim α-glukosidase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan fraksi aktif dari ekstrak bunga rosella yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor α-glukosidase dan mengidentifikasi jenis senyawa dalam fraksi aktif tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol-HCl 0,1%, dilanjutkan fraksinasi secara kromatografi kolom dengan fasa diam sephadex LH-20 dan fasa gerak air-metanol fraksi A (100:0), fraksi B (75:25), fraksi C (50:50), fraksi D (25:75), fraksi E (0:100), dan uji aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase fraksi bunga rosella. Identifikasi senyawa aktif yang memberikan nilai aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase paling tinggi dengan KLT dan penampak bercak (AlCl3, uap amoniak dan FeCl3), penentuan kadar relatif (%) komponen dari fraksi aktif dengan TLC scanner, dan karakterisasi senyawa utama dalam fraksi aktif menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa fraksi C (50:50) merupakan fraksi aktif yang memberikan nilai aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase paling tinggi (31,163 %) pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm, dan senyawa utama dalam fraksi C adalah 3,3’,4’-trihidroksiflavon dan 5,7,3’,4’-tetrahidroksiflavon dengan masing-masing kadar relatif 23,33% dan 24,52 %.
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96
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In vitro antibacterial and cytotoxicity studies of ZnO nanopowders prepared by combustion assisted facile green synthesis. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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97
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Joshi BC, Prakash A, Kalia AN. Hepatoprotective potential of antioxidant potent fraction from Urtica dioica Linn. (whole plant) in CCl 4 challenged rats. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1101-1110. [PMID: 28962451 PMCID: PMC5598394 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate hepatoprotective component from Urtica dioica Linn. (whole plant) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in-vitro (HepG2 cells) and in-vivo (rats) model. Antioxidant activity of hydro alcoholic extract and its fractions petroleum ether fraction (PEF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (NBF) and aqueous fraction (AF) were determined by DPPH and NO radicals scavenging assay. Fractions were subjected to in-vitro HepG2 cell line study. Further, the most potent fraction (EAF) was subjected to in-vivo hepatoprotective potential against CCl4 challenged rats. The in-vivo hepatoprotective active fraction was chromatographed on silica column to isolate the bioactive constituent(s). Structure elucidation was done by using various spectrophotometric techniques like UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectroscopy. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of hydro-alcoholic extract of U. dioica possessed the potent antioxidant activity viz. DPPH (IC50 78.99 ± 0.17 μg/ml) and NO (IC50101.39 ± 0.30 μg/ml). The in-vitro HepG2 cell line study showed that the EAF prevented the cell damage. The EAF significantly attenuated the increased liver enzymes activities in serum and oxidative parameters in tissue of CCl4-induced rats, suggesting hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant action respectively. Column chromatography of most potent antioxidant fraction (EAF) lead to the isolation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid (ferulic acid) which is responsible for its hepatoprotective potential. Hence, the present study suggests that EAF of hydro-alcoholic extract has significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in-vitro and in-vivo.
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Key Words
- AF, aqueous fraction
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- Antioxidant
- CAT, catalase
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- EAF, ethyl acetate fraction
- Ferulic acid
- GSH, glutathione
- HepG2 cell line
- HepG2, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
- Hepatoprotective
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NBF, n-butanol fraction
- OD, optical density
- PEF, petroleum ether fraction
- SGOT, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
- SGPT, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase
- UD, Urtica dioica
- Urtica dioica Linn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atish Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Ajudhia N Kalia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Punjab 145001, India
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98
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Skrining Metabolit Sekunder Bakteri Endofit yang Berfungsi sebagai Antidiabetes dari Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica). JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2015. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.18.2.73-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang skrining metabolit sekunder bakteri endofit yang berfungsi sebagai antidiabetes dari daun mimba (Azadirachta indica). Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh data morfologi, memperoleh data kurva pertumbuhan isolat bakteri endofit dari daun mimba, memperoleh hasil inhibisi metabolit sekunder bakteri endofit dari daun miba terhadap α-glukosidase, serta mendapatkan informasi mengenai kandungan kimia dari metabolit sekunder isolat bakteri endofit yang didapat. Aktivitas antidiabetes diuji menggunakan metode penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah bakteri endofit A5 dan A6 dari daun mimba merupakan bakteri dengan jenis bakteri gram negatif, dengan bentuk penampakan mikroskopis yang berbeda. Berdasarkan data kurva pertumbuhan bakteri endofit dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk memperoleh metabolit sekunder adalah pada jam ke-33 hingga jam ke-48 untuk isolat A5 dan jam ke-36 hingga jam ke-48 untuk isolat A6. Adapun daya inhibisi aktivitas α-glukosidase optimal dari metabolit sekunder A5 dan A6 masing-masing pada konsentrasi 62,5 ppm berturut-turut sebesar 18,462% dan 20,173%. Penapisan fitokimia pada penelitian ini masing-masing metabolit sekunder bakteri endofit A5 dan A6 dari daun mimba mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, dan terpenoid/steroid.
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Mathew GE, Mathew B, Gokul S, Krishna R, Farisa MP. Determination of in vitro free radical scavenging and antiproliferative effect of Pennisetum alopecuroides on cultured A549 human lung cancer cells. Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:175-8. [PMID: 26120234 PMCID: PMC4458910 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.157165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Pennisetum alopecuroides (Poaceae) is a grass predominantly distributed in tropics and sub tropics. It is used as a cattle feed in many regions. AIM The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro free radical scavenging and antiproliferative activity of ethanol extract of P. alopecuroides (EEPA) on cultured A549 human lung cancer cell lines. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The anti-oxidant activity of ethanol extract was evaluated at dose level 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml. The in vitro antiproliferative activity was measured at doses of 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS The free radical scavenging activity of the EEPA was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and in vitro antiproliferative activity on A549 human lung cancer cells was conducted by using MTT assay method. RESULTS The phytochemical screening revealed that the P. alopecuroides contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids as the major secondary metabolites. The IC50 value of DPPH scavenging activity was found to be 44.41 μg/ml and 31.02 μg/ml for a mixture of EEPA and standard ascorbic acid, respectively. In vitro MTT assay showed that EEPA had anti-proliferation effects on A549 cells in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This is the 1(st) time a pharmacological exploration of P. alopecuroides grasses has been conducted. We have shown that P. alopecuroides exhibits good free radical scavenging and strong in vitro cytotoxic activities against human lung cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - S Gokul
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Rahul Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - M P Farisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Randhawa K, Kumar D, Jamwal A, Kumar S. Screening of antidepressant activity and estimation of quercetin from Coccinia indica using TLC densitometry. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1867-1874. [PMID: 25845639 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1025289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coccinia indica Naud (Cucurbitaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of depression but these claims have not been validated. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate antidepressant activity of various extracts and fractions of C. indica aerial parts, and to estimate content of quercetin in the plant using TLC densitometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Coccinia indica aerial parts were successively extracted using solvents in increasing order of polarity, namely n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, and water. Various extracts were evaluated for antidepressant activity at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o., upon acute administration in mice using the forced swim test (FST). The bioactive extract was partitioned successively using solvents in increasing order of polarity, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. All fractions were also screened for antidepressant activity at doses of 25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o., upon acute administration in mice. RESULTS The methanol extract significantly reduced the duration of immobility in FST at dose of 400 mg/kg without affecting locomotor activity in open field test, thus, confirmed its antidepressant activity, which was statistically equivalent to the standard drug (imipramine, 15 mg/kg, i.p.). Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited antidepressant activity at 50 mg/kg. Comparative TLC fingerprint studies confirmed the presence of quercetin in methanol extract and EAF. Quercetin was used as a chemical marker to standardize C. indica aerial parts using the validated TLC densitometric method, and the content of quercetin was found to be 0.00172% w/w. CONCLUSIONS The present studies scientifically validated traditional claims of C. indica for antidepressant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudrat Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University , Patiala, Punjab , India
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