51
|
Du Y, Dai J, Li Y, Li C, Qi J, Duan S, Jiang P. Immune responses of recombinant adenovirus co-expressing VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus and porcine interferon α in mice and guinea pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 124:274-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
52
|
Wang DM, Zhu JB, Peng M, Zhou P. Induction of a protective antibody response to FMDV in mice following oral immunization with transgenic Stylosanthes spp. as a feedstuff additive. Transgenic Res 2008; 17:1163-70. [PMID: 18651235 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-008-9188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The expression of antigens in transgenic plants has increasingly been used as an alternative to the classical methodologies for the development of experimental vaccines, and it remains one of the real challenges in this field to use transgenic plant-based vaccines effectively as feedstuff additives. We report herein the development of a new oral immunization system for foot and mouth disease with the structural protein VP1 of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) produced in transgenic Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Reyan II. The transgenic plantlets were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blotting, and northern blotting; and the production of VP1 protein in transgenic plants was confirmed and quantified by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Six transformed lines were obtained, and the level of the expressed protein was 0.1-0.5% total soluble protein (TSP). Mice that were orally immunized using studded feedstuff mixed with desiccated powder of the transgenic plants developed a virus-specific immune response to the structural VP1 and intact FMDV particles. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transgenic plants expressing the antigen protein of FMDV as feedstuff additives that has demonstrated the induction of a protective systemic antibody response in animals. These results support the feasibility of producing edible vaccines from transgenic forage plants, and provide proof of the possibility of using plant-based vaccines as feedstuff additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Pan L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Wang W, Fang Y, Jiang S, Lv J, Wang W, Sun Y, Xie Q. Foliar extracts from transgenic tomato plants expressing the structural polyprotein, P1-2A, and protease, 3C, from foot-and-mouth disease virus elicit a protective response in guinea pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 121:83-90. [PMID: 18006078 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The expression of recombinant antigens in transgenic plants is increasingly used as an alternative method of producing experimental immunogens. In this report, we describe the production of transgenic tomato plants that express the structural polyprotein, P1-2A, and protease, 3C, from foot-and-mouth disease (FMDV). P1-2A3C was inserted into the plant binary vector, pBin438, and transformed into tomato plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, GV3101. The presence of P1-2A3C was confirmed by PCR, transcription was verified by RT-PCR, and recombinant protein expression was confirmed by sandwich-ELISA and Western blot analyses. Guinea pigs immunized intramuscularly with foliar extracts from P1-2A3C-transgenic tomato plants were found to develop a virus-specific antibody response against FMDV. Vaccinated guinea pigs were fully protected against a challenge infection, while guinea pigs injected with untransformed plant extracts failed to elicit an antibody response and were not protected against challenge. These results demonstrate that transgenic tomato plants expressing the FMDV structural polyprotein, P1-2A, and the protease, 3C, can be used as a source of recombinant antigen for vaccine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Xujiaping 11, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Joensuu JJ, Niklander-Teeri V, Brandle JE. Transgenic plants for animal health: plant-made vaccine antigens for animal infectious disease control. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2008; 7:553-577. [PMID: 32214922 PMCID: PMC7089046 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-008-9088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A variety of plant species have been genetically modified to accumulate vaccine antigens for human and animal health and the first vaccine candidates are approaching the market. The regulatory burden for animal vaccines is less than that for human use and this has attracted the attention of researchers and companies, and investment in plant-made vaccines for animal infectious disease control is increasing. The dosage cost of vaccines for animal infectious diseases must be kept to a minimum, especially for non-lethal diseases that diminish animal welfare and growth, so efficient and economic production, storage and delivery are critical for commercialization. It has become clear that transgenic plants are an economic and efficient alternative to fermentation for large-scale production of vaccine antigens. The oral delivery of plant-made vaccines is particularly attractive since the expensive purification step can be avoided further reducing the cost per dose. This review covers the current status of plant-produced vaccines for the prevention of disease in animals and focuses on barriers to the development of such products and methods to overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Joensuu
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON Canada N5V 4T3
| | - V. Niklander-Teeri
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. E. Brandle
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON Canada N5V 4T3
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Immune responses of two recombinant adenoviruses expressing VP1 antigens of FMDV fused with porcine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Vaccine 2007; 25:8209-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
56
|
Abstract
This review examines the challenges of segregating biopharmed crops expressing pharmaceutical or veterinary agents from mainstream crops, particularly those destined for food or feed use. The strategy of using major food crops as production vehicles for the expression of pharmaceutical or veterinary agents is critically analysed in the light of several recent episodes of contamination of the human food chain by non-approved crop varieties. Commercially viable strategies to limit or avoid biopharming intrusion into the human food chain require the more rigorous segregation of food and non-food varieties of the same crop species via a range of either physical or biological methods. Even more secure segregation is possible by the use of non-food crops, non-crop plants or in vitro plant cultures as production platforms for biopharming. Such platforms already under development range from outdoor-grown Nicotiana spp. to glasshouse-grown Arabidopsis, lotus and moss. Amongst the more effective methods for biocontainment are the plastid expression of transgenes, inducible and transient expression systems, and physical containment of plants or cell cultures. In the current atmosphere of heightened concerns over food safety and biosecurity, the future of biopharming may be largely determined by the extent to which the sector is able to maintain public confidence via a more considered approach to containment and security of its plant production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis J Murphy
- Biotechnology Unit, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Glamorgan, Treforest, CF37 1DL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Rice J, Ainley WM, Shewen P. Plant-made vaccines: biotechnology and immunology in animal health. Anim Health Res Rev 2007; 6:199-209. [PMID: 16583782 DOI: 10.1079/ahr2005110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe use of plants as production systems for vaccine antigens has been actively investigated over the last 15 years. The original research focused on the value of this expression system for oral delivery based on the hypothesis that plant-expressed antigens would be more stable within the digestive tract and would allow for the use of the oral route of administration to stimulate a mucosal immune response. However, while first conceived for utility via the oral route, plant-made antigens have also been studied as classical immunogens delivered via a needle to model animal systems. Antigens have been expressed in a number of whole plant and cell culture systems. Several alternative expression platforms have been developed to increase expression of antigens or to elicit preferred immunological responses. The biotechnological advances in plant expression and the immunological testing of these antigens will be reviewed in this paper focusing primarily on diseases of livestock and companion animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rice
- Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
He DM, Qian KX, Shen GF, Li YN, Zhang ZF, Su ZL, Shao HB. Stable expression of foot-and-mouth disease virus protein VP1 fused with cholera toxin B subunit in the potato (Solanum tuberosum). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 55:159-63. [PMID: 17208421 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression vector, pBI121CTBVP1, containing the fusion of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 gene and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) gene was constructed by fused PCR and transferred into potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transformed plants were obtained by selecting on kanamycin-resistant medium strictly and regenerated. The transgenic plantlets were identified by PCR, Southern-blot and the production of fused protein was confirmed and quantified by Western-blot and ELISA assays. The results showed that the fused genes were expressed stablely under the control of specific-tuber patatin promoter. The expressed fused proteins have a certain degree of immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei He
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Twyman RM, Schillberg S, Fischer R. Transgenic plants in the biopharmaceutical market. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2006; 10:185-218. [PMID: 15757412 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.10.1.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many of our 'small-molecule-drugs' are natural products from plants, or are synthetic compounds based on molecules found naturally in plants. However, the vast majority of the protein therapeutics (or biopharmaceuticals) we use are from animal or human sources, and are produced commercially in microbial or mammalian bioreactor systems. Over the last few years, it has become clear that plants have great potential for the production of human proteins and other protein-based therapeutic entities. Plants offer the prospect of inexpensive biopharmaceutical production without sacrificing product quality or safety, and following the success of several plant-derived technical proteins, the first therapeutic products are now approaching the market. In this review, the different plant-based production systems are discussed and the merits of transgenic plants are evaluated compared with other platforms. A detailed discussion is provided of the development issues that remain to be addressed before plants become an acceptable mainstream production technology. The many different proteins that have already been produced using plants are described, and a sketch of the current market and the activities of the key players is provided. Despite the currently unclear regulatory framework and general industry inertia, the benefits of plant-derived pharmaceuticals are now bringing the prospect of inexpensive veterinary and human medicines closer than ever before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Twyman
- University of York, Department of Biology, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Li Y, Sun M, Liu J, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Shen G. High expression of foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein VP1 in tobacco chloroplasts. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2006; 25:329-33. [PMID: 16320056 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/02/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A tobacco chloroplast expression vector, pTRVP1, containing the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 gene and the selective marker aadA gene, was constructed and transferred to tobacco by biolistic method. Three resistant lines were obtained through spectinomycin selection, and each transgenic line was subjected to a second round of spectinomycin selection. PCR and PCR southern blot analysis revealed that the VP1 gene had integrated into the chloroplast genome. Western blot and quantification ELISA assays indicated that the VP1 gene was expressed in tobacco chloroplasts and accounted for 2-3% of total soluble protein. This suggested that plant chloroplasts were an efficient expression system for the potential production of recombinant antigens in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Huang LK, Liao SC, Chang CC, Liu HJ. Expression of avian reovirus sigmaC protein in transgenic plants. J Virol Methods 2006; 134:217-22. [PMID: 16488486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) structural protein, sigmaC encoded by S1 genome segment, is the prime candidate to become a vaccine against ARV infection. Two plant nuclear expression vectors with expression of sigmaC-encoding gene driven by CaMV 35S promoter and rice actin promoter were constructed, respectively. Agrobacterium containing the S1 expression constructs were used to transform alfalfa, and transformants were selected using hygromysin. The integration of S1 transgene in alfalfa chromosome was confirmed by PCR and histochemical GUS staining. Western blot analysis using antiserum against sigmaC was carried out to determine the expression of sigmaC protein in transgenic alfalfa cells. The highest expression levels of sigmaC protein in the cellular extracts of selected p35S-S1 and pAct1-S1 transgenic alfalfa lines were 0.008% and 0.007% of the total soluble protein, respectively. The transgenic alfalfa cells with expression of sigmaC protein pave the way for the development of edible vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Kai Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Gil F, Titarenko E, Terrada E, Arcalís E, Escribano JM. Successful oral prime-immunization with VP60 from rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus produced in transgenic plants using different fusion strategies. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2006; 4:135-43. [PMID: 17177792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Expression levels of vaccine antigens in transgenic plants have important consequences in their use as edible vaccines. The major structural protein VP60 from the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) has been produced in transgenic plants using different strategies to compare its accumulation in plant tissues. The highest expressing plants were those presenting stable, complex, high-density structures formed by VP60, suggesting the importance of multisubunit structures for the stability of this protein in plant cells. Mice fed with leaves of transgenic plants expressing VP60 were primed to a subimmunogenic baculovirus-derived vaccine single dose. This indicates that plants expressing VP60 antigen may be a new means for oral RHDV immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Gil
- Departamento de Biotecnología, INIA, Carretera de la Coruña Km7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Berinstein A, Vazquez-Rovere C, Asurmendi S, Gómez E, Zanetti F, Zabal O, Tozzini A, Conte Grand D, Taboga O, Calamante G, Barrios H, Hopp E, Carrillo E. Mucosal and systemic immunization elicited by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) transgenic plants as antigens. Vaccine 2005; 23:5583-9. [PMID: 16099555 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As a step towards developing a safe and effective edible vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), we have explored the use of plants genetically engineered to express viral proteins. We report the construction of transgenic potato plants expressing the genes coding for immunogenic proteins of NDV under the regulation of CaMV 35S promoter and its immunogenicity in mice. All mice receiving transgenic plant extracts in incomplete Freund adjuvant produced specific anti-NDV antibodies. Animals fed with transgenic leaves showed a specific response against NDV. Detection of IgA released from in vitro-cultured intestinal tissue fragments indicated the presence of IgA-secreting cells in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Analia Berinstein
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA, Cc25 B1712WAA, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Molina A, Veramendi J, Hervás-Stubbs S. Induction of neutralizing antibodies by a tobacco chloroplast-derived vaccine based on a B cell epitope from canine parvovirus. Virology 2005; 342:266-75. [PMID: 16140352 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 2L21 epitope of the VP2 protein from the canine parvovirus (CPV), fused to the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB-2L21), was expressed in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts. Mice and rabbits that received protein-enriched leaf extracts by parenteral route produced high titers of anti-2L21 antibodies able to recognize the VP2 protein. Rabbit sera were able to neutralize CPV in an in vitro infection assay with an efficacy similar to the anti-2L21 neutralizing monoclonal antibody 3C9. Anti-2L21 IgG and seric IgA antibodies were elicited when mice were gavaged with a suspension of pulverized tissues from CTB-2L21 transformed plants. Combined immunization (a single parenteral injection followed by oral boosters) shows that oral boosters help to maintain the anti-2L21 IgG response induced after a single injection, whereas parenteral administration of the antigen primes the subsequent oral boosters by promoting the induction of anti-2L21 seric IgA antibodies. Despite the induced humoral response, antibodies elicited by oral delivery did not show neutralizing capacity in the in vitro assay. The high yield of the fusion protein permits the preparation of a high number of vaccine doses from a single plant and makes feasible the oral vaccination using a small amount of crude plant material. However, a big effort has still to be done to enhance the protective efficacy of subunit vaccines by the oral route.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Chloroplasts/genetics
- Cholera Toxin/immunology
- Cholera Toxin/metabolism
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin A/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/analysis
- Injections, Intradermal
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests
- Parvoviridae Infections/blood
- Parvoviridae Infections/immunology
- Parvovirus, Canine/chemistry
- Parvovirus, Canine/immunology
- Plant Extracts
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Rabbits
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Molina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Grubman MJ. Development of novel strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: marker vaccines and antivirals. Biologicals 2005; 33:227-34. [PMID: 16289996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is economically the most important viral-induced livestock disease worldwide. The disease is highly contagious and FMD virus (FMDV) replicates and spreads extremely rapidly. Outbreaks in previously FMD-free countries, including Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and Uruguay, and the potential use of FMDV by terrorist groups have demonstrated the vulnerability of countries and the need to develop control strategies that can rapidly inhibit or limit disease spread. The current vaccine, an inactivated whole virus preparation, has a number of limitations for use in outbreaks in disease-free countries. We have developed an alternative approach using a genetically engineered FMD subunit vaccine that only contains the portions of the viral genome required for virus capsid assembly and lacks the coding region for most of the viral nonstructural (NS) proteins including the highly immunogenic 3D protein. Thus, animals inoculated with this marker vaccine can readily be differentiated from infected animals using diagnostic assays employing the NS proteins not present in the vaccine and production of this vaccine, which does not contain infectious FMDV, does not require expensive high-containment manufacturing facilities. One inoculation of this subunit vaccine delivered in a replication-defective human adenovirus vector can induce rapid, within 7 days, and relatively long-lasting protection in swine. Similarly cattle inoculated with one dose of this recombinant vector are rapidly protected from direct and contact exposure to virulent virus. Furthermore, cattle given two doses of this vaccine developed high levels of FMDV-specific neutralizing antibodies, but did not develop antibodies against viral NS proteins demonstrating the ability of FMD subunit vaccinated animals to be differentiated from infected animals. To stimulate early protection prior to the vaccine-induced adaptive immune response we inoculated swine with the antiviral agent, type I interferon, and induced complete protection within 1 day. Protection can last for 3-5 days. The combination of the FMD marker vaccine and type I interferon can induce immediate, within 1 day, and long-lasting protection against FMD. Thus, this combination approach successfully addresses a number of concerns of FMD-free countries with the current disease control plan. By rapidly limiting virus replication and spread this strategy may reduce the number of animals that need to be slaughtered during an outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J Grubman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North Atlantic Area, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Gu Q, Han N, Liu J, Zhu M. Cloning of Helicobacter pylori urease subunit B gene and its expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2005; 24:532-9. [PMID: 16133345 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-005-0962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Revised: 01/27/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines produced by transgenic plants would have the potential to change the traditional means of production and inoculation of vaccines, and to reduce the cost of vaccine production. In the present study, an UreB antigen gene from a new Helicobacter pylori strain ZJC02 was cloned into the binary vector pBI121 which contains a CaMV35S promoter and a kanamycin resistance gene, and then transformed UreB into tobacco leaf-disc by Agrobacterium-mediated method. A total of 50 regenerated plants with kanamycin resistance were obtained in the selection media. The 35 putative transgenic individuals were tested and verified the presence and integration of the UreB into the nuclear genome of tobacco plants by PCR, PCR-southern, and Southern analyses. Expression of UreB gene in the tobacco plants was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis using polyclonal human antiserum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the expression of Helicobacter pylori UreB antigen gene in a plant system, suggesting a major step in the production of plant-based vaccines for Helicobacter pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Abstract
The expression of antigens in transgenic plants has been increasingly used in the development of experimental vaccines, particularly oriented to the development of edible vaccines. Hence, this technology becomes highly suitable to express immunogenic proteins from pathogens. Foot and mouth disease virus, bovine rotavirus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus are considered to be the most important causative agents of economic loss of cattle production in Argentina, and they are thus optimal candidates for alternative means of immunization. Here, we present a review of our results corresponding to the expression of immunogenic proteins from these three viruses in alfalfa transgenic plants, and we discuss the possibility of using them for the development of plant-based vaccines.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/immunology
- Cattle Diseases/prevention & control
- Cattle Diseases/virology
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/genetics
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/immunology
- Medicago sativa/genetics
- Medicago sativa/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Rotavirus/genetics
- Rotavirus/immunology
- Solanum tuberosum/genetics
- Solanum tuberosum/metabolism
- Vaccines, Edible/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Edible/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Edible/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Veterinary Medicine/methods
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
Collapse
|
68
|
Ashraf S, Singh P, Yadav DK, Shahnawaz M, Mishra S, Sawant SV, Tuli R. High level expression of surface glycoprotein of rabies virus in tobacco leaves and its immunoprotective activity in mice. J Biotechnol 2005; 119:1-14. [PMID: 16038998 PMCID: PMC7114349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic gene coding for the surface glycoprotein (G protein) of rabies virus was strategically designed to achieve high-level expression in transgenic plants. The native signal peptide was replaced by that of the pathogenesis related protein, PR-S of Nicotiana tabacum. An endoplasmic reticulum retention signal was included at C-terminus of the G protein. Tobacco plants were genetically engineered by nuclear transformation. Selected transgenic lines expressed the chimeric G protein at 0.38% of the total soluble leaf protein. Mice immunized intraperitoneally with the G protein purified from tobacco leaf microsomal fraction elicited high level of immune response as compared to the inactivated commercial viral vaccine. The plant-derived G protein induced complete protective immunity in mice against intracerebral lethal challenge with live rabies virus. The results establish that plants can provide a safe and effective production system for the expression of immunoprotective rabies virus surface protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Ashraf
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - P.K. Singh
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Dinesh K. Yadav
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Md. Shahnawaz
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Satish Mishra
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Samir V. Sawant
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rakesh Tuli
- National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Piller KJ, Clemente TE, Jun SM, Petty CC, Sato S, Pascual DW, Bost KL. Expression and immunogenicity of an Escherichia coli K99 fimbriae subunit antigen in soybean. PLANTA 2005; 222:6-18. [PMID: 15609046 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 10/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause acute diarrhea in humans and farm animals, and can be fatal if the host is left untreated. As a potential alternative to traditional needle vaccination of cattle, we investigated the feasibility of expressing the major K99 fimbrial subunit, FanC, in soybean (Glycine max) for use as an edible subunit vaccine. As a first step in this developmental process, a synthetic version of fanC was optimized for expression in the cytosol and transferred to soybean via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Western analysis of T(0) events revealed the presence of a peptide with the expected mobility for FanC in transgenic protein extracts, and immunofluorescense confirmed localization to the cytosol. Two T(0) lines, which accumulated FanC to levels near 0.5% of total soluble protein, were chosen for further molecular characterization in the T(1) and T(2) generations. Mice immunized intraperitoneally with protein extract derived from transgenic leaves expressing synthetic FanC developed significant antibody titers against bacterially derived FanC and produced antigen-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes, demonstrating the ability of transgenic FanC to function as an immunogen. These experiments are the first to demonstrate the expression and immunogenicity of a model subunit antigen in the soybean system, and mark the first steps toward the development of a K99 edible vaccine to protect against ETEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Piller
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Dong JL, Liang BG, Jin YS, Zhang WJ, Wang T. Oral immunization with pBsVP6-transgenic alfalfa protects mice against rotavirus infection. Virology 2005; 339:153-63. [PMID: 15992851 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Revised: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A critical factor in edible plant-derived vaccine development is adequate expression of the exogenous antigens in transgenic plants. We synthesized a codon-optimized gene (sVP6) encoding the VP6 protein of human group A rotavirus and inserted it into the alfalfa genome using agrobacterium-mediated transformation. As much as 0.28% of the total soluble protein of the pBsVP6-transgenic alfalfa was sVP6. Female BALB/c mice were gavaged weekly with 10 mg of transgenic alfalfa extract containing 24 microg of sVP6 protein and 10 microg of CpG-rich oligodeoxynucleotides as mucosal adjuvant. Immunized mice developed high titers of anti-VP6 serum IgG and mucosal IgA. Offspring of immunized dams developed less severe diarrhea after challenge with simian rotavirus SA-11, indicating that antibodies generated in the dams provided passive heterotypic protection to the pups. These results suggest that oral immunization with pBsVP6-transgenic alfalfa provides a potential means of protecting children and young animals from severe acute rotavirus-induced diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Li Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yang NS, Wang JH, Lin KF, Wang CY, Kim SA, Yang YL, Jong MH, Kuo TY, Lai SS, Cheng RH, Chan MT, Liang SM. Comparative studies of the capsid precursor polypeptide P1 and the capsid protein VP1 cDNA vectors for DNA vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Gene Med 2005; 7:708-17. [PMID: 15693054 PMCID: PMC7166641 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a severe livestock disease, and the virus is an interesting target for virology and vaccine studies. Materials and methods Here we evaluated comparatively three different viral antigen‐encoding DNA sequences, delivered via two physical means (i.e., gene gun delivery into skin and electroporation delivery into muscle), for naked DNA‐mediated vaccination in a mouse system. Results Both methods gave similar results, demonstrating commonality of the observed DNA vaccine effects. Immunization with a cDNA vector expressing the major viral antigen (VP1) alone routinely failed to induce the production of anti‐VP1 or neutralizing antibodies in test mice. As a second approach, the plasmid L‐VP1 that produces a transgenic membrane‐anchored VP1 protein elicited a strong antibody response, but all test mice failed in the FMDV challenge experiment. In contrast, for mice immunized with the viral capsid precursor protein (P1) cDNA expression vector, both neutralizing antibodies and 80–100% protection in test mice were detected. Conclusions This strategy of using the whole capsid precursor protein P1 cDNA for vaccination, intentionally without the use of virus‐specific protease or other encoding genes for safety reasons, may thus be employed as a relevant experimental system for induction or upgrading of effective neutralizing antibody response, and as a convenient surrogate test system for DNA vaccination studies of FMDV and presumably other viral diseases. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Sun Yang
- Institute of BioAgricultural Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Abstract
Many protein subunit vaccine candidates have been expressed in transgenic plants, and in a few cases the recombinant material has entered early phase clinical or target animal trials. The expressed protein can be purified prior to formulation for any preferred delivery approach. However, there are major cost advantages associated with avoiding protein purification and pursuing the oral delivery of a processed plant product containing the recombinant protein. Grains and dry products that are processed from fresh plant tissues can stably store expressed proteins for extended periods of time at room temperature, making refridgeration unnecessary during storage and distribution. Encapsulation of recombinant proteins in plant tissues guards against their rapid degradation in the gut, therefore facilitating the uptake and induction of appropriate immune responses. Early trial data with plant-based vaccine candidates has shown promising safety and efficacy.
Collapse
|
73
|
Dus Santos MJ, Carrillo C, Ardila F, Ríos RD, Franzone P, Piccone ME, Wigdorovitz A, Borca MV. Development of transgenic alfalfa plants containing the foot and mouth disease virus structural polyprotein gene P1 and its utilization as an experimental immunogen. Vaccine 2005; 23:1838-43. [PMID: 15734052 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of transgenic plants as vectors for the expression of viral and bacterial antigens has been increasingly tested as an alternative methodology for the production of experimental vaccines. Here, we report the production of transgenic alfalfa plants containing the genes encoding the polyprotein P1 and the protease 3C of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The immunogenicity of the expressed products was tested using a mouse experimental model. Parenterally immunized mice developed a strong antibody response and were completely protected when challenged with the virulent virus. This report demonstrates the possibility of using transgenic plants to express polyprotein P1 and the protease 3C of FMDV and their utilization as effective experimental immunogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María J Dus Santos
- Instituto de Virología S. Rivenson C.I.C.V.y A., INTA-Castelar, Hurlingham (1712) Pcia. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Mason HS, Chikwamba R, Santi L, Mahoney RT, Arntzen CJ. Transgenic Plants for Mucosal Vaccines. Mucosal Immunol 2005. [PMCID: PMC7150293 DOI: 10.1016/b978-012491543-5/50062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
75
|
Wu H, Singh NK, Locy RD, Scissum-Gunn K, Giambrone JJ. Expression of immunogenic VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biotechnol Lett 2004; 26:787-92. [PMID: 15269548 PMCID: PMC7087603 DOI: 10.1023/b:bile.0000025878.30350.d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
VP2 protein is the major host-protective immunogen of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of chickens. Transgenic lines of Arabidopsisthaliana expressing recombinant VP2 were developed. The VP2 gene of an IBDV antigenic variant E strain was isolated, amplified by RT-PCR and introduced into a plant expression vector, pE1857, having a strong promoter for plant expression. A resulting construct with a Bar gene cassette for bialaphos selection in plant (rpE-VP2) was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciensby electroporation. Agrobacterium containing the rpE-VP2 construct was used to transform Ar. thaliana and transgenic plants were selected using bialaphos. The presence of VP2 transgene in plants was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis and its expression was confirmed by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis and antigen-capture ELISA assay using monoclonal anti-VP2 were used to determine the expression of VP2 protein in transgenic plants. The level of VP2 protein in the leaf extracts of selected transgenic plants varied from 0.5% to 4.8% of the total soluble protein. Recombinant VP2 protein produced in plants induced antibody response against IBDV in orally-fed chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Wu
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Wu H, Singh NK, Locy RD, Scissum-Gunn K, Giambrone JJ. Immunization of Chickens with VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Avian Dis 2004; 48:663-8. [PMID: 15529992 DOI: 10.1637/7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic plants represent a safe, effective, and inexpensive way to produce vaccines. The immunogenicity of VP2 protein of an infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus variant E isolate expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was compared with a commercial vaccine in specific-pathogen-free broiler chickens. The VP2 coding sequence was isolated and integrated into A. thaliana genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Soluble VP2 expressed in transgenic plants was used to immunize chickens. Chickens receiving oral immunization with plant-derived VP2 at 1 and 3 wk of age had an antibody response using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 80% protection against challenge infection at 4 wk. Chickens primed with a commercial vaccine at 1 wk followed by an oral booster with VP2 expressed in plants at 3 wk of age showed 90% protection. Chickens immunized with a commercial vaccine at 1 and 3 wk showed 78% protection. Results supported the efficacy of plant-produced VP2 as a vaccine against IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Wu
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Wigdorovitz A, Mozgovoj M, Santos MJD, Parreño V, Gómez C, Pérez-Filgueira DM, Trono KG, Ríos RD, Franzone PM, Fernández F, Carrillo C, Babiuk LA, Escribano JM, Borca MV. Protective lactogenic immunity conferred by an edible peptide vaccine to bovine rotavirus produced in transgenic plants. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:1825-1832. [PMID: 15218166 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines produced in transgenic plants constitute a promising alternative to conventional immunogens, presenting the possibility of stimulating secretory and systemic immunity against enteric pathogens when administered orally. Protection against enteric pathogens affecting newborn animals requires, in most cases, the stimulation of lactogenic immunity. Here, the group presents the development of an experimental immunogen based on expression of an immunorelevant peptide, eBRV4, of the VP4 protein of bovine rotavirus (BRV), which has been described as harbouring at least one neutralizing epitope as well as being responsible for the adsorption of the virus to epithelial cells. The eBRV4 epitope was efficiently expressed in transgenic alfalfa as a translational fusion protein with the highly stable reporter enzyme β-glucuronidase (βGUS), which served as a carrier, stabilized the synthesized peptide and facilitated screening for the higher expression levels in plants. Correlation of expression of the eBRV4 epitope in plants with those presenting the highest βGUS activities was confirmed by a Western blot assay specific for the BRV peptide. The eBRV4 epitope expressed in plants was effective in inducing an anti-rotavirus antibody response in adult female mice when administered either intraperitoneally or orally and, more importantly, suckling mice born from immunized female mice were protected against oral challenge with virulent rotavirus. These results demonstrate the feasibility of inducing lactogenic immunity against an enteric pathogen using an edible vaccine produced in transgenic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Consejo Nacional e Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA-Castelar, CC77, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Mozgovoj
- Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA-Castelar, CC77, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Dus Santos
- Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA-Castelar, CC77, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA-Castelar, CC77, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Instituto de Genética 'E. A. Favret', CICA, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel M Pérez-Filgueira
- Departamento de Biotecnología and Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA, Valdeolmos, 28140 Madrid, Spain
- Consejo Nacional e Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Karina G Trono
- Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA-Castelar, CC77, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl D Ríos
- Instituto de Genética 'E. A. Favret', CICA, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pascual M Franzone
- Instituto de Genética 'E. A. Favret', CICA, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Fernández
- Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA-Castelar, CC77, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Consuelo Carrillo
- Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA-Castelar, CC77, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorne A Babiuk
- University of Saskatchewan, VIDO, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E3
| | - José M Escribano
- Departamento de Biotecnología and Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA, Valdeolmos, 28140 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Consejo Nacional e Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA-Castelar, CC77, Morón 1708, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease was initially described in the 16th century and was the first animal pathogen identified as a virus. Recent FMD outbreaks in developed countries and their significant economic impact have increased the concern of governments worldwide. This review describes the reemergence of FMD in developed countries that had been disease free for many years and the effect that this has had on disease control strategies. The etiologic agent, FMD virus (FMDV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is examined in detail at the genetic, structural, and biochemical levels and in terms of its antigenic diversity. The virus replication cycle, including virus-receptor interactions as well as unique aspects of virus translation and shutoff of host macromolecular synthesis, is discussed. This information has been the basis for the development of improved protocols to rapidly identify disease outbreaks, to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals, and to begin to identify and test novel vaccine candidates. Furthermore, this knowledge, coupled with the ability to manipulate FMDV genomes at the molecular level, has provided the framework for examination of disease pathogenesis and the development of a more complete understanding of the virus and host factors involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J Grubman
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, North Atlantic Area, Greenport, New York 11944, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Khandelwal A, Renukaradhya GJ, Rajasekhar M, Sita GL, Shaila MS. Systemic and oral immunogenicity of hemagglutinin protein of rinderpest virus expressed by transgenic peanut plants in a mouse model. Virology 2004; 323:284-91. [PMID: 15193924 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2002] [Revised: 02/28/2003] [Accepted: 02/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rinderpest causes a devastating disease, often fatal, in wild and domestic ruminants. It has been eradicated successfully using a live, attenuated vaccine from most part of the world leaving a few foci of disease in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. We have developed transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants expressing hemagglutinin (H) protein of rinderpest virus (RPV), which is antigenically authentic. In this work, we have evaluated the immunogenicity of peanut-expressed H protein using mouse model, administered parenterally as well as orally. Intraperitoneal immunization of mice with the transgenic peanut extract elicited antibody response specific to H. These antibodies neutralized virus infectivity in vitro. Oral immunization of mice with transgenic peanut induced H-specific serum IgG and IgA antibodies. The systemic and oral immunogenicity of plant-derived H in absence of any adjuvant indicates the potential of edible vaccine for rinderpest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abha Khandelwal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Birch-Machin I, Newell CA, Hibberd JM, Gray JC. Accumulation of rotavirus VP6 protein in chloroplasts of transplastomic tobacco is limited by protein stability. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2004; 2:261-70. [PMID: 17147617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus VP6 is a highly immunogenic major capsid protein that may be useful as a subunit vaccine. The expression of a bovine group A rotavirus VP6 cDNA was examined in tobacco chloroplasts following particle bombardment. Constructs containing the VP6 cDNA under the control of plastid rrn or psbA promoters, or the Escherichia coli trc promoter, were inserted, together with the aadA selectable marker gene, between the rbcL and accD genes of the tobacco plastid genome. The 40-kDa VP6 protein accumulated to about 3% of total soluble protein in seedlings and young leaves of homoplasmic transplastomic plants containing the VP6 cDNA under the control of the rrn promoter. Lower amounts of VP6 (approximately 0.6% total soluble protein) accumulated in plants containing the VP6 cDNA under the control of the psbA promoter, and VP6 was undetectable in plants containing the VP6 cDNA under the control of the trc promoter. The VP6 protein in chloroplasts was shown to form trimers, as found in the rotavirus virion. However, the amount of VP6 protein declined as the leaves matured, although VP6 transcripts were still present, suggesting that the protein was susceptible to proteolytic degradation in chloroplasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Birch-Machin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Molina A, Hervás-Stubbs S, Daniell H, Mingo-Castel AM, Veramendi J. High-yield expression of a viral peptide animal vaccine in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2004; 2:141-53. [PMID: 17147606 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-7652.2004.00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2L21 peptide, which confers protection to dogs against challenge with virulent canine parvovirus (CPV), was expressed in tobacco chloroplasts as a C-terminal translational fusion with the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) or the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Expression of recombinant proteins was dependent on plant age. A very high-yield production was achieved in mature plants at the time of full flowering (310 mg CTB-2L21 protein per plant). Both young and senescent plants accumulated lower amounts of recombinant proteins than mature plants. This shows the importance of the time of harvest when scaling up the process. The maximum level of CTB-2L21 was 7.49 mg/g fresh weight (equivalent to 31.1% of total soluble protein, TSP) and that of GFP-2L21 was 5.96 mg/g fresh weight (equivalent to 22.6% of TSP). The 2L21 inserted epitope could be detected with a CPV-neutralizing monoclonal antibody, indicating that the epitope is correctly presented at the C-terminus of the fusion proteins. The resulting chimera CTB-2L21 protein retained pentamerization and G(M1)-ganglioside binding characteristics of the native CTB and induced antibodies able to recognize VP2 protein from CPV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an animal vaccine epitope expression in transgenic chloroplasts. The high expression of antigens in chloroplasts would reduce the amount of plant material required for vaccination (approximately 100 mg for a dose of 500 microg antigen) and would permit encapsulation of freeze-dried material or pill formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Molina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Mackenzie JS, Field HE, Guyatt KJ. Managing emerging diseases borne by fruit bats (flying foxes), with particular reference to henipaviruses and Australian bat lyssavirus. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 94 Suppl:59S-69S. [PMID: 12675937 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.94.s1.7.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since 1994, a number of novel viruses have been described from bats in Australia and Malaysia, particularly from fruit bats belonging to the genus Pteropus (flying foxes), and it is probable that related viruses will be found in other countries across the geographical range of other members of the genus. These viruses include Hendra and Nipah viruses, members of a new genus, Henipaviruses, within the family Paramyxoviridae; Menangle and Tioman viruses, new members of the Rubulavirus genus within the Paramyxoviridae; and Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), a member of the Lyssavirus genus in the family Rhabdoviridae. All but Tioman virus are known to be associated with human and/or livestock diseases. The isolation, disease associations and biological properties of the viruses are described, and are used as the basis for developing management strategies for disease prevention or control. These strategies are directed largely at disease minimization through good farm management practices, reducing the potential for exposure to flying foxes, and better disease recognition and diagnosis, and for ABLV specifically, the use of rabies vaccine for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. Finally, an intriguing and long-term strategy is that of wildlife immunization through plant-derived vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Wang JH, Liang CM, Peng JM, Shieh JJ, Jong MH, Lin YL, Sieber M, Liang SM. Induction of immunity in swine by purified recombinant VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Vaccine 2003; 21:3721-9. [PMID: 12922103 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
VP1, a capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), contains neutralizing epitopes of the virus. Due to its poor water solubility, recombinant Escherichia coli derived VP1 (rVP1) has previously been used mainly in a denatured form and is not well characterized. Here, using SDS to assist protein refolding and then removing SDS with a detergent removing column, we have successfully purified rVP1 in two aqueous-soluble forms, i.e. monomer and dimer. Studies showed that dimerization occurs by an inter-molecular disulfide bond between two cysteine residues at position 187 of each monomer. Heat treatment revealed that rVP1 dimer exhibited a more thermal-stable conformation than the monomeric form. Both monomeric and dimeric rVP1 reacted with anti-FMDV antibodies. Immunization studies demonstrated that vaccination of swine with either forms of rVP1 was effective in generating immune responses and protecting them from viral challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hwan Wang
- Institute of Bioagricultural Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2 Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Khandelwal A, Lakshmi Sita G, Shaila M. Oral immunization of cattle with hemagglutinin protein of rinderpest virus expressed in transgenic peanut induces specific immune responses. Vaccine 2003; 21:3282-9. [PMID: 12804859 PMCID: PMC7126942 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rinderpest is an acute, highly contagious often fatal disease of large and small ruminants, both domestic and wild. Global eradication of rinderpest needs a robust, safe and cost-effective vaccine. The causative agent, rinderpest virus (RPV) is an important member of the genus Morbillivirus in the Paramyxoviridae family. We have generated transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) plants expressing hemagglutinin protein of RPV and report here, the induction of immune responses in cattle following oral feeding with transgenic leaves expressing hemagglutinin protein without oral adjuvant. Hemagglutinin-specific antibody was detected in the serum as confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of virus-infected cells, and in vitro neutralization of virus infectivity. Oral delivery also resulted in cell-mediated immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M.S. Shaila
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-80-3942702/3600139; fax: +91-80-3602697.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
Plant systems are reviewed with regard to their ability to express and produce subunit vaccines. Examples of different types of expression systems producing a variety of vaccine candidates are illustrated. Many of these subunit vaccines have been purified and shown to elicit an immune response when injected into animal models. This review also includes vaccines that have been administered orally in a non-purified form as a food or feed product. Cases are highlighted which demonstrate that orally delivered plant-based vaccines can elicit immune responses and in some case studies, confer protection. Examples are used to illustrate some of the inherent advantages of a plant-based system, such as cost, ease of scale-up and convenience of delivery. Also, some of the key steps are identified that will be necessary to bring these new vaccines to the market.
Collapse
|
86
|
Khandelwal A, Sita G L, Shaila MS. Expression of hemagglutinin protein of rinderpest virus in transgenic tobacco and immunogenicity of plant-derived protein in a mouse model. Virology 2003; 308:207-15. [PMID: 12706071 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of transgenic plants as a production system for recombinant subunit vaccines has been considered safe and economical compared to cell culture methods. We have exploited this approach to produce rinderpest virus hemagglutinin (H) protein in transgenic tobacco as a model plant for testing the immunogenicity of plant-derived hemagglutinin protein. The transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed by molecular analysis such as gene specific PCR and Southern hybridization using full-length H gene as a probe. The Mendelian pattern of inheritance of the transgene has been demonstrated in T(1) generation. The transgenic plants express the H protein of molecular weight 72 kDa. The plant derived H protein is antigenically authentic as revealed by reactivity with H-specific antibodies as well as convalescent sera. The induction of immune response was tested in mice after intraperitoneal immunization with plant-derived H. High titers of antibodies were induced which were H-specific and they neutralized the infectivity of rinderpest virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abha Khandelwal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Walmsley AM, Kirk DD, Mason HS. Passive immunization of mice pups through oral immunization of dams with a plant-derived vaccine. Immunol Lett 2003; 86:71-6. [PMID: 12600748 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Passive immunization plays an important role in protecting young mammals against pathogens before the maturation of their own immune systems. Although many reports have shown active immunization of animals and human through the use of plant-derived vaccines, only one report has given evidence of passive immunization of offspring through oral immunization of parents using plant-derived vaccines. In this case, a challenge alone provided the evidence of passive immunization and the mechanism through which this occurred was not investigated. This report describes the first step in elucidating the mechanism of passive immunization of offspring through actively immunizing the female parent through an orally delivered, plant-derived vaccine. The authors found passive immunization of offspring was caused by transfer of antigen-specific IgG through either transplacental transfer or ingesting colostrum. Future studies will investigate the roles of transplacental antibody transfer and ingesting colostrum in passive immunization and the possible involvement of IgA in this immunization route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Walmsley
- Boyce Thomspon Institute for Plant Research, Inc., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Awram P, Gardner RC, Forster RL, Bellamy AR. The potential of plant viral vectors and transgenic plants for subunit vaccine production. Adv Virus Res 2003; 58:81-124. [PMID: 12205784 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(02)58003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Awram
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Webster DE, Gahan ME, Strugnell RA, Wesselingh SL. Advances in Oral Vaccine Delivery Options. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.2165/00137696-200301040-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
90
|
Ghosh MK, Borca MV, Roy P. Virus-derived tubular structure displaying foreign sequences on the surface elicit CD4+ Th cell and protective humoral responses. Virology 2002; 302:383-92. [PMID: 12441082 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2002.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Particulate vector systems for the presentation of immunogenic epitopes provide an alternate and powerful approach for the delivery of immunogens of interest. In this article, we have exploited a viral protein of unknown function, bluetongue virus (BTV) nonstructural protein NS1, which forms distinct tubular aggregates in infected cells, as an immunogen delivery system. Tubules are helical assemblies of NS1 protein that present the C-terminus of the protein to the outer edge effectively displaying appended residues in a regular and repeating array akin to the coat of a filamentous phage. To assess the breadth of response induced following tubule-based immunization, two different immunodominant foreign peptides were inserted at the C-terminus of NS1 and chimeric tubules generated following expression in the baculovirus expression system. Both constructs, one carrying a peptide of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) (aa 135-144 of VP1) and the other, a peptide of influenza A virus (aa 186-205 of HA), effectively assembled into tubules and were easily purified. Subsequently, using in vitro assay systems, we demonstrated that each purified chimeric particle was capable of eliciting strong immune responses. Further, NS1-FMDV chimeric tubules could induce a potent immune response that could protect against disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Mason HS, Warzecha H, Mor T, Arntzen CJ. Edible plant vaccines: applications for prophylactic and therapeutic molecular medicine. Trends Mol Med 2002; 8:324-9. [PMID: 12114111 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4914(02)02360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of edible plants for the production and delivery of vaccine proteins could provide an economical alternative to fermentation systems. Genes encoding bacterial and viral antigens are faithfully expressed in edible tissues to form immunogenic proteins. Studies in animals and humans have shown that ingestion of transgenic plants containing vaccine proteins causes production of antigen-specific antibodies in serum and mucosal secretions. In general, the technology is limited by low expression levels for nuclear-integrated transgenes, but recent progress in plant organelle transformation shows promise for enhanced expression. The stability and immunogenicity of orally delivered antigens vary greatly, which necessitates further study on protein engineering to enhance mucosal delivery. These issues are discussed with regard to the further development of plant-based vaccine technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh S Mason
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853-1801, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Dus Santos MJ, Wigdorovitz A, Trono K, Ríos RD, Franzone PM, Gil F, Moreno J, Carrillo C, Escribano JM, Borca MV. A novel methodology to develop a foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) peptide-based vaccine in transgenic plants. Vaccine 2002; 20:1141-7. [PMID: 11803075 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The expression of antigens in transgenic plants has been increasingly used as an alternative to the classical methodologies for antigen expression in the development of experimental vaccines. However, an important limitation in most cases is the low concentration of the recombinant antigens in the plant tissues, which reduces the possibilities of practical applications. Because the site of insertion of the transferred DNA into the cellular chromosomal DNA is at random, different levels of foreign protein expression in independent transformants is expected. Strategies to allow the evaluation of a high number of the transgenic individuals, usually an expensive and very time consuming process, would permit the selection of those plants presenting the highest levels of recombinant protein expression. Here, we present the development of an experimental immunogen based in the expression of a highly immunogenic epitope from foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) fused to the glucuronidase (gus A) reporter gene, which allows selection of the transgenic plants by the ss-glucuronidase (ssGUS) enzymatic activity. We produced transgenic plants of alfalfa expressing the immunogenic site between amino acid residues 135-160 of structural protein VP1 (VP135-160), fused to the ssGUS protein. Plants expressing the highest levels of the immunogenic epitope VP135-160, analyzed by Western blot, were efficiently selected based on their levels of ssGUS enzymatic activity. The FMDV epitope expressed in plants was highly immunogenic in mice which developed, after immunization, a strong anti-FMDV antibody response against a synthetic peptide representing the region VP135-160, to native virus VP1, and to purified FMDV particles. Additionally, these mice were completely protected against experimental challenge with the virulent virus. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first report of a peptide-based vaccine produced in transgenic plants that induces a protective immune response when used in experimental hosts. Also, these results demonstrated the possibility of using a novel and simple methodology for obtaining transgenic plants expressing high levels of foreign immunogenic epitopes, which could be directly applied in the development of plant-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María J Dus Santos
- Instituto de Virología, C.I.C.V., INTA-Castelar, CC77, Morón (1708), Pcia. De, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Roth JA, Henderson LM. New technology for improved vaccine safety and efficacy. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2001; 17:585-97, vii. [PMID: 11692510 DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all of the 2000 vaccines presently licensed by the US Department of Agriculture for veterinary use in the United States are conventional vaccines containing either killed or modified live whole bacteria or viruses. Recent advances in molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, and genetics and in understanding microbial pathogenesis have led to the development of a wide variety of new approaches for developing safer and more effective vaccines. This article briefly describes these new technologies and their potential advantages and disadvantages as compared with conventional killed and modified live vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Roth
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Abstract
Transgenic plants are showing considerable potential for the economic production of proteins, with a few already being marketed. Recent clinical trials of pharmaceuticals produced from transgenic plants are encouraging, with plant glycans showing reassuringly poor immunogenicity. Our increasing understanding of protein targeting and accumulation should further improve the potential of this new technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Giddings
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cledwyn Building, University of Wales Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DD, Ceredigion, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Carrillo C, Wigdorovitz A, Trono K, Dus Santos MJ, Castañón S, Sadir AM, Ordas R, Escribano JM, Borca MV. Induction of a virus-specific antibody response to foot and mouth disease virus using the structural protein VP1 expressed in transgenic potato plants. Viral Immunol 2001; 14:49-57. [PMID: 11270596 DOI: 10.1089/08828240151061383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently communicated the oral and parental immunogenicity of the structural protein VP1 of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) expressed in different transgenic plants. Those results clearly indicated the necessity of increasing the expression of the foreign genes in the transgenic plant to avoid additional steps toward the purification and/or concentration of the antigen of interest. Here, we report the production of transgenic potatoes plants containing the VP1 gene cloned under the regulatory activity of either a single (pRok2) or a double (pRok3) copy of the S35 cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S) promoter, as a strategy for increasing the level of VP1 gene expression. The presence of the VP1 gene in the plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its specific transcription activity was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that, although the immunized animals presented a FMDV VP1 specific antibody response and protection against the experimental challenge, no significant differences were demonstrated in the immunizing activity of plant extracts obtained from the pRok2 or pRok3 transformed plants. These results confirm those previously obtained using other plant species allowing the possibility of using plants as antigen expression vectors, and demonstrated that at least in the potato system, the use of double CaMV 35S promoter does not cause a significant increase in the level of the VP1 expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Carrillo
- Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Abstract
The requirement for large quantities of therapeutic proteins has fueled interest in the production of recombinant proteins in plants and animals. The first commercial products to be made in this way have experienced much success, and it is predicted that in the future a plethora of protein products will be made using these 'natural' bioreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Larrick
- Planet Biotechnology, Inc., 2438 Wyandotte Street, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Daniell H, Streatfield SJ, Wycoff K. Medical molecular farming: production of antibodies, biopharmaceuticals and edible vaccines in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2001; 6:219-26. [PMID: 11335175 PMCID: PMC5496653 DOI: 10.1016/s1360-1385(01)01922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of plants for medicinal purposes dates back thousands of years but genetic engineering of plants to produce desired biopharmaceuticals is much more recent. As the demand for biopharmaceuticals is expected to increase, it would be wise to ensure that they will be available in significantly larger amounts, on a cost-effective basis. Currently, the cost of biopharmaceuticals limits their availability. Plant-derived biopharmaceuticals are cheap to produce and store, easy to scale up for mass production, and safer than those derived from animals. Here, we discuss recent developments in this field and possible environmental concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Daniell
- Dept Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Center for Discovery of Drugs and Diagnostics, University of Central Florida, 12 722 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Abstract
Molecular farming is the production of pharmaceutically important and commercially valuable proteins in plants. Its purpose is to provide a safe and inexpensive means for the mass production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Complex mammalian proteins can be produced in transformed plants or transformed plant suspension cells. Plants are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical proteins on a field scale because the expressed proteins are functional and almost indistinguishable from their mammalian counterparts. The breadth of therapeutic proteins produced by plants range from interleukins to recombinant antibodies. Molecular farming in plants has the potential to provide virtually unlimited quantities of recombinant proteins for use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in health care and the life sciences. Plants produce a large amount of biomass and protein production can be increased using plant suspension cell culture in fermenters, or by the propagation of stably transformed plant lines in the field. Transgenic plants can also produce organs rich in a recombinant protein for its long-term storage. This demonstrates the promise of using transgenic plants as bioreactors for the molecular farming of recombinant therapeutics, including vaccines, diagnostics, such as recombinant antibodies, plasma proteins, cytokines and growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Fischer
- Institut für Biologie I (Botanik/Molekulargenetik), RWTH Aachen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Huang Z, Dry I, Webster D, Strugnell R, Wesselingh S. Plant-derived measles virus hemagglutinin protein induces neutralizing antibodies in mice. Vaccine 2001; 19:2163-71. [PMID: 11228389 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Measles remains a significant problem in both the developed and developing world, and new measles vaccination strategies need to be developed. This paper examines the strategy of utilizing transgenic plants expressing a measles antigen for the development of an oral sub-unit measles vaccine. A 1.8 kb fragment encompassing the coding region of the measles virus hemagglutinin (H) protein was cloned into a plant expression cassette. Three different expression constructs were tested: pBinH (H gene alone), pBinH/KDEL (addition of a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum-retention sequence SEKDEL) and pBinSP/H/KDEL (further addition of an authentic N-terminal plant signal peptide). The highest levels of recombinant H protein production were observed in plants transformed with pBinH/KDEL. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally with transgenic plant derived recombinant H protein produced serum anti-H protein antibodies that neutralized the measles virus (MV) in vitro. Mice gavaged with transgenic tobacco leaf extracts also developed serum H protein-specific antibodies with neutralizing activity against MV in vitro. These results indicate that the plant-derived measles H protein is immunogenic when administered orally and that, with further development, oral vaccination utilizing transgenic plants may become a viable approach to measles vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Huang
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Commercial Road, Vic. 3181, Prahran, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Gil F, Brun A, Wigdorovitz A, Catalá R, Martínez-Torrecuadrada JL, Casal I, Salinas J, Borca MV, Escribano JM. High-yield expression of a viral peptide vaccine in transgenic plants. FEBS Lett 2001; 488:13-7. [PMID: 11163787 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A high-yield production of a peptide vaccine in transgenic plants is described here. A 21-mer peptide, which confers protection to dogs against challenge with virulent canine parvovirus, has been expressed in transgenic plants as an amino-terminal translational fusion with the GUS gene. Transformants were selected on the basis of their GUS activities, showing expression levels of the recombinant protein up to 3% of the total leaf soluble protein, a production yield comparable to that obtained with the same epitope expressed by chimeric plant viruses. The immunogenicity of the plant-derived peptide was demonstrated in mice immunized either intraperitoneally or orally with transgenic plant extracts, providing the suitability of the GUS fusions approach for low-cost production of peptide vaccines.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Dogs
- Epitopes/immunology
- Genes, Reporter
- Genetic Engineering
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Parvovirus/immunology
- Peptides/immunology
- Plants/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Transformation, Genetic
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Gil
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|