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Rogol AM. Ethical Issues in the Evaluation and Treatment of Depression. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2020; 18:201-204. [PMID: 33162859 PMCID: PMC7587885 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Megan Rogol
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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52
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Tran MM, Curland RA, Leykin Y. Association Between Treatment Seeking and Personal Knowledge of Others With Emotional or Mental Problems. Psychiatr Serv 2020; 71:393-396. [PMID: 31822239 PMCID: PMC9448662 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether people who screened positive for depression were more likely to have sought treatment if they had personal knowledge of other individuals with emotional or mental problems or of individuals who have sought treatment for them. METHODS Participants who screened positive for current major depression (N=239) via an Internet-based depression screening study completed an online survey about seeking treatment for depression. RESULTS After the authors controlled for social support, stigma, and demographic variables, analyses showed that individuals who personally knew someone with emotional or mental problems either within or outside of their family were more likely to themselves have sought treatment for depression. The same was true for those who personally knew someone-again either within or outside of their family-who had sought treatment for emotional or mental problems. CONCLUSIONS Personal knowledge of others with emotional problems or who had sought treatment for them may play a role in decisions about one's own treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Tran
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (all authors); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (Leykin)
| | - Robert A Curland
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (all authors); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (Leykin)
| | - Yan Leykin
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (all authors); Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (Leykin)
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53
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Chong PS, Fung ML, Wong KH, Lim LW. Therapeutic Potential of Hericium erinaceus for Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010163. [PMID: 31881712 PMCID: PMC6982118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and severe neuropsychiatric disorder that is one of the leading causes of global disease burden. Although various anti-depressants are currently available, their efficacies are barely adequate and many have side effects. Hericium erinaceus, also known as Lion’s mane mushroom, has been shown to have various health benefits, including antioxidative, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. It has been used to treat cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Bioactive compounds extracted from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of H. erinaceus have been found to promote the expression of neurotrophic factors that are associated with cell proliferation such as nerve growth factors. Although antidepressant effects of H. erinaceus have not been validated and compared to the conventional antidepressants, based on the neurotrophic and neurogenic pathophysiology of depression, H. erinaceus may be a potential alternative medicine for the treatment of depression. This article critically reviews the current literature on the potential benefits of H. erinaceus as a treatment for depressive disorder as well as its mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Shan Chong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.S.C.); (M.-L.F.)
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.S.C.); (M.-L.F.)
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.H.W.); (L.W.L.); Tel.: +603-7967-4729 (K.H.W.); +852-9157-2575 (L.W.L.)
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (P.S.C.); (M.-L.F.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.W.); (L.W.L.); Tel.: +603-7967-4729 (K.H.W.); +852-9157-2575 (L.W.L.)
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Zaprutko T, Göder R, Kus K, Pałys W, Nowakowska E. Costs of inpatient care of depression in 2014 in Polish (Poznan) and German (Kiel) hospital. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2019; 23:258-264. [PMID: 31107117 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2019.1611863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Depression is highly prevalent worldwide and generates significant economic burden. Despite this, there is still insufficient information on hospitalisation costs related to depression. Therefore, this paper presents a comparison of costs of inpatient care of depression among patients hospitalised in 2014 in Kiel (Germany) and in Poznan (Poland).Methods: The retrospective study was conducted from October 2015 to May 2017 in Kiel and in Poznan and concerned all patients (n = 548 and eventually included n = 444; 334 in Kiel and 110 in Poznan) hospitalised in these centres.Results: The annual cost of inpatient care of patients hospitalised due to depression in 2014 was EUR [Formula: see text] = EUR 9397.21 (total EUR 313,8667.2) in Kiel and EUR [Formula: see text] = EUR 2962.90 (total EUR 325,919.38) in Poznan. In Kiel, the most frequently prescribed medicine was mirtazapine while in Poznan it was venlafaxine.Conclusions: The 3-fold difference in average costs of hospitalisation might result from differences in funding of mental health care which in Poland needs urgent amendment. Besides, mental health care was underfunded in Poznan. In general, treatment was comprehensive in both centres. Non-pharmacological treatment, however, was more comprehensive in Kiel.KEY POINTSThe cost of inpatient care of depression was very high both in Kiel and Poznan.Inpatient care of depression is long-lasting, but a reduction in the length of hospital stay seems to be possible.Hospital stay is the main part of costs of inpatient care of depression.Treatment of depression should be comprehensive, but differences e.g. in pharmacotherapy used are possible between hospitals and/or countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Zaprutko
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Göder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Kus
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiktor Pałys
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Karol Jonscher Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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55
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Cao B, Park C, Rosenblat JD, Chen Y, Iacobucci M, Subramaniapillai M, Mansur RB, Zuckerman H, Lee Y, McIntyre RS. Changes in sleep predict changes in depressive symptoms in depressed subjects receiving vortioxetine: An open-label clinical trial. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:1388-1394. [PMID: 31530216 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119874485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in patients with major depressive disorder. We aimed to investigate the effects of vortioxetine on sleep quality and association between changes in sleep and treatment response. METHODS This study is a post-hoc analysis of a clinical trial that sought to evaluate the sensitivity to cognitive change of THINC-integrated tool in patients with major depressive disorder. In total, 92 patients (aged 18 to 65) meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria for moderate or severe major depressive disorder and 54 healthy controls were included. All patients received open-label vortioxetine (10-20 mg/day, flexibly dosed) for 8 weeks. Herein, the primary outcomes of interest were changes in sleep, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Insomnia Severity Index, between weeks 0, 2, and 8. The association between changes in sleep and depressive symptom severity was secondarily assessed. RESULTS We observed that sleep, as indicated by scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Insomnia Severity Index, was significantly poorer in patients with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls at weeks 0, 2, and 8 (p < 0.05). Among patients with major depressive disorder, we observed significant improvements on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Insomnia Severity Index between weeks 0 and 8 (p < 0.05). We observed a significant association between improvements on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index and improvement of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Improvement of depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder patients treated with vortioxetine was associated with significant improvements in sleep. Furthermore, improvements in sleep were predictive of antidepressant response and were linearly correlated with improvement in overall depressive symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Park
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Iacobucci
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hannah Zuckerman
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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56
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Aleksandrova LR, Wang YT, Phillips AG. Evaluation of the Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression and the role of synaptic plasticity in depression and antidepressant response. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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57
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Ramos RM, Cheng PGF, Jonas SM. Validation of an mHealth App for Depression Screening and Monitoring (Psychologist in a Pocket): Correlational Study and Concurrence Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e12051. [PMID: 31538946 PMCID: PMC6754681 DOI: 10.2196/12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile health (mHealth) is a fast-growing professional sector. As of 2016, there were more than 259,000 mHealth apps available internationally. Although mHealth apps are growing in acceptance, relatively little attention and limited efforts have been invested to establish their scientific integrity through statistical validation. This paper presents the external validation of Psychologist in a Pocket (PiaP), an Android-based mental mHealth app which supports traditional approaches in depression screening and monitoring through the analysis of electronic text inputs in communication apps. Objective The main objectives of the study were (1) to externally validate the construct of the depression lexicon of PiaP with standardized psychological paper-and-pencil tools and (2) to determine the comparability of PiaP, a new depression measure, with a psychological gold standard in identifying depression. Methods College participants downloaded PiaP for a 2-week administration. Afterward, they were asked to complete 4 psychological depression instruments. Furthermore, 1-week and 2-week PiaP total scores (PTS) were correlated with (1) Beck Depression Index (BDI)-II and Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES-D) Scale for congruent construct validation, (2) Affect Balance Scale (ABS)–Negative Affect for convergent construct validation, and (3) Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and ABS–Positive Affect for divergent construct validation. In addition, concordance analysis between PiaP and BDI-II was performed. Results On the basis of the Pearson product-moment correlation, significant positive correlations exist between (1) 1-week PTS and CES-D Scale, (2) 2-week PTS and BDI-II, and (3) PiaP 2-week PTS and SWLS. Concordance analysis (Bland-Altman plot and analysis) suggested that PiaP’s approach to depression screening is comparable with the gold standard (BDI-II). Conclusions The evaluation of mental health has historically relied on subjective measurements. With the integration of novel approaches using mobile technology (and, by extension, mHealth apps) in mental health care, the validation process becomes more compelling to ensure their accuracy and credibility. This study suggests that PiaP’s approach to depression screening by analyzing electronic data is comparable with traditional and well-established depression instruments and can be used to augment the process of measuring depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roann Munoz Ramos
- Department of Medical Informatics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,College of Education, Graduate Studies, De La Salle University-Dasmarinas, Dasmarinas City, Cavite, Philippines
| | - Paula Glenda Ferrer Cheng
- Vivech System Solutions Inc, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Stephan Michael Jonas
- Department of Medical Informatics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Münich, Münich, Germany
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58
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Kern D, Busch A, Schneider KL, Miller SA, Appelhans BM, Waring ME, Whited MC, Pagoto S. Psychosocial factors associated with treatment outcomes in women with obesity and major depressive disorder who received behavioral activation for depression. J Behav Med 2019; 42:522-533. [PMID: 30467656 PMCID: PMC7286199 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral activation is an empirically supported treatment for depression, but much is unknown about factors associated with treatment response. The present study aimed to determine whether baseline levels and subsequent changes in psychosocial factors were associated with improvement in depression in women with comorbid obesity who received behavioral activation treatment for depression and a lifestyle intervention. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the associations between psychosocial factors and change in depression scores during the first 10 weeks of treatment and associations between changes in psychosocial factors from baseline to 6-month follow-up and change in depression over the same time period. No baseline psychosocial factors were associated with depression improvement during treatment (p = 0.110-0.613). However, greater improvement in hedonic capacity (p = 0.001), environmental reward (p = 0.004), and social impairment (p = 0.012) were associated with greater reductions in depression over 6 months. Findings highlight the differential relationship specific psychosocial factors have with depression treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kern
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Andrew Busch
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kristin L Schneider
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Steven A Miller
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Molly E Waring
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C Whited
- Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Sherry Pagoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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59
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Galhardo A, Alves J, Moura-Ramos M, Cunha M. Infertility-related stress and depressive symptoms - the role of experiential avoidance: a cross-sectional study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 38:139-150. [PMID: 31046433 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1612046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The current study aimed to explore the mediating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between infertility-related stress (impact of infertility in women's life and representations about the importance of parenthood) and depressive symptoms.Background: Infertility is a stress inducing condition presenting many challenges to individuals facing this diagnosis, particularly to the ones who decide to pursue medical treatment. One of its consequences may be the experience of depressive symptoms which have also been associated with increased infertility-related stress. Moreover, experiential avoidance, conceptualised as an emotion regulation process, has also been connected to psychopathological symptoms, particularly depressive symptoms.Methods: The sample consisted of 124 women presenting an infertility diagnosis who were pursuing medical treatment for fertility problems. Participants were recruited through the national patients' association website and completed the following self-report instruments: a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales 21 (DASS-21).Results: Results showed that representations about the importance of parenthood were associated with depressive symptoms indirectly, throughout the association with the impact of infertility in women's life and use of experiential avoidance.Conclusions: Experiential avoidance can be considered a relevant emotion regulation process to be targeted in psychological intervention programs for women facing infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Galhardo
- Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra-CINEICC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Alves
- Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Moura-Ramos
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra-CINEICC, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre-Reproductive Medicine Unit
| | - Marina Cunha
- Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra-CINEICC, Coimbra, Portugal
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Garabiles MR, Lao CK, Xiong Y, Hall BJ. Exploring comorbidity between anxiety and depression among migrant Filipino domestic workers: A network approach. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:85-93. [PMID: 30836284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are comorbid. From the network model perspective, comorbidity is due to direct interactions between depression and anxiety symptoms. These interacting symptoms are called bridge symptoms, suppression of which is expected to halt other symptoms. This study investigates the network structure of depression, anxiety, and bridge symptoms in a sample of migrant domestic workers, who are among the most vulnerable and marginalized groups of workers. METHOD Data were collected from 1375 Filipino domestic workers in Macao Special Administrative Region, China. Data from a subsample of 355 consisting of participants who met criteria for depression and anxiety were used in analysis. R software was used to estimate the network. RESULTS The eight strongest edges were between items from the same disorder. Six were between depression symptoms, like "concentration difficulties" and "psychomotor agitation/retardation," and "psychomotor agitation/retardation" and "thoughts of death." Two were between anxiety symptoms, including "worry too much" and "trouble relaxing." For centrality indices, "fatigue" had highest strength and closeness, and "restlessness" had highest betweenness. Results revealed three bridge symptoms: "fatigue," "depressed mood," and "anhedonia." LIMITATIONS The results may not generalize to the entire Filipino population. Further, while the centrality index of strength had adequate stability, it was not highly stable. CONCLUSIONS The current study highlighted critical transdiagnostic bridge symptoms as specific candidates for intervention. "Psychomotor agitation/retardation" was identified as key priority due to its association with suicidal ideation. Systemic multilevel interventions at the person-level (e.g., cognitive therapy and behavioral activation), and at the structural and policy-level to alleviate psychosocial stressors, could be applied to address disorder comorbidity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Kei Lao
- Caritas Macau, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China; Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Macau, E21-3040, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Xiong
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Macau, E21-3040, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Brian J Hall
- Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Macau, E21-3040, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Arora PG, Collins TA, Dart EH, Hernández S, Fetterman H, Doll B. Multi-tiered Systems of Support for School-Based Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Depression Interventions. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-019-09314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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62
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Winter G, Hart RA, Charlesworth RP, Sharpley CF. Gut microbiome and depression: what we know and what we need to know. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:629-643. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gut microbiome diversity has been strongly associated with mood-relating behaviours, including major depressive disorder (MDD). This association stems from the recently characterised bi-directional communication system between the gut and the brain, mediated by neuroimmune, neuroendocrine and sensory neural pathways. While the link between gut microbiome and depression is well supported by research, a major question needing to be addressed is the causality in the connection between the two, which will support the understanding of the role that the gut microbiota play in depression. In this article, we address this question by examining a theoretical ‘chronology’, reviewing the evidence supporting two possible sequences of events. First, we discuss that alterations in the gut microbiota populations of specific species might contribute to depression, and secondly, that depressive states might induce modification of specific gut microbiota species and eventually contribute to more severe depression. The feasibility of both sequences is supported by pre-clinical trials. For instance, research in rodents has shown an onset of depressive behaviour following faecal transplantations from patients with MDD. On the other hand, mental induction of stress and depressive behaviour in rodents resulted in reduced gut microbiota richness and diversity. Synthesis of these chronology dynamics raises important research directions to further understand the role that gut microbiota play in mood-relating behaviours, which holds substantial potential clinical outcomes for persons who experience MDD or related depressive disorders.
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Huey NS, Guan NC, Gill JS, Hui KO, Sulaiman AH, Kunagasundram S. Core Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder among Palliative Care Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1758. [PMID: 30115817 PMCID: PMC6121226 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A valid method to diagnose depression in palliative care has not been established. In this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of depression and the discriminant validity of the items of four sets of diagnostic criteria in palliative care. This is a cross-sectional study on 240 palliative care patients where the presence of depression was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM⁻IV Criteria, Modified DSM⁻IV Criteria, Cavanaugh Criteria, and Endicott's Criteria's. Anxiety, depression, and distress were measured with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Distress Thermometer. The prevalence of depression among the palliative care patients was highest based on the Modified DSM⁻IV Criteria (23.3%), followed by the Endicott's Criteria (13.8%), DSM⁻IV Criteria (9.2%), and Cavanaugh Criteria (5%). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the depressive symptoms showed by DSM⁻IV item 1 (dysphoric mood), item 2 (loss of interest or pleasure), and Endicott's criteria item 8 (brooding, self-pity, or pessimism) among the palliative patients, even after adjustment for the anxiety symptoms and distress level. We found that dysphoric mood, loss of interest, and pessimism are the main features of depression in palliative patients. These symptoms should be given more attention in identifying depression in palliative care patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng Su Huey
- Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Jalan Besar, 31259 Tanjong Rambutan, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Ng Chong Guan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jesjeet Singh Gill
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Koh Ong Hui
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sharmilla Kunagasundram
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Temperament clusters associate with anxiety disorder comorbidity in depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 236:252-258. [PMID: 29751240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual temperament is associated with psychiatric morbidity and could explain differences in psychiatric comorbidities. We investigated the association of temperament profile clusters with anxiety disorder comorbidity in patients with depression. METHODS We assessed the temperament of 204 specialized care-treated depressed patients with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) and their diagnoses with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Two-step cluster analysis was used for defining patients' temperament profiles and logistic regression analysis was used for predicting different anxiety disorders for various temperament profiles. RESULTS Four temperament clusters were found: 1) Novelty seekers with highest Novelty Seeking scores (n = 56),2) Persistent with highest Persistence scores (n = 36), 3) Reserved with lowest Novelty Seeking scores (n = 66) and 4) Wearied with highest Harm avoidance, lowest Reward Dependence and lowest Persistence scores (n = 58). After adjusting for clinical variables, panic disorder and/or agoraphobia were predicted by Novelty seekers' temperament profile with odds ratio [OR] = 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 - 6.9, p < 0.001), social anxiety disorder was predicted by Wearied temperament profile with OR = 3.4 (95% CI = 1.6 - 7.5, p = 0.002), and generalized anxiety disorder was predicted by Reserved temperament profile with OR = 2.6 (95% CI = 1.2 - 5.3, p = 0.01). LIMITATIONS The patients' temperament profiles were assessed while displaying depressive symptoms, which may have affected results. CONCLUSIONS Temperament clusters with unique dimensional profiles were specifically associated with different anxiety disorders in this study. These results suggest that TCI-R could offer a valuable dimensional method for predicting the risk of anxiety disorders in diverse depressed patients.
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Karim N, Khan I, Abdelhalim A, Khan A, Halim SA. Antidepressant potential of novel flavonoids derivatives from sweet violet (Viola odorata L): Pharmacological, biochemical and computational evidences for possible involvement of serotonergic mechanism. Fitoterapia 2018; 128:148-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jesulola E, Micalos P, Baguley IJ. Understanding the pathophysiology of depression: From monoamines to the neurogenesis hypothesis model - are we there yet? Behav Brain Res 2017; 341:79-90. [PMID: 29284108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of factors (biogenic amine deficiency, genetic, environmental, immunologic, endocrine factors and neurogenesis) have been identified as mechanisms which provide unitary explanations for the pathophysiology of depression. Rather than a unitary construct, the combination and linkage of these factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. That is, environmental stressors and heritable genetic factors acting through immunologic and endocrine responses initiate structural and functional changes in many brain regions, resulting in dysfunctional neurogenesis and neurotransmission which then manifest as a constellation of symptoms which present as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jesulola
- Paramedicine Discipline, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst Campus, NSW Australia.
| | - Peter Micalos
- Paramedicine Discipline, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst Campus, NSW Australia
| | - Ian J Baguley
- Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Rd, Wentworthville, NSW Australia
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Subba P, Luitel NP, Kohrt BA, Jordans MJD. Improving detection of mental health problems in community settings in Nepal: development and pilot testing of the community informant detection tool. Confl Health 2017; 11:28. [PMID: 29181088 PMCID: PMC5694900 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-017-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite increasing efforts to expand availability of mental health services throughout the world, there continues to be limited utilization of these services by persons with mental illness and their families. Community-based detection that facilitates identification and referral of people with mental health problems has been advocated as an effective strategy to increase help-seeking and service utilization. The Community Informant Detection Tool (CIDT) was developed for the community informants to identify people with depression, psychosis, alcohol use problems, epilepsy, and child behavioral problems in community settings. The CIDT has been validated in Nepal and found to be effective in promoting treatment initiation. To facilitate replication in other settings, this paper describes the development process of CIDT and the steps to achieve comprehensibility, utility and feasibility. Methods The CIDT was developed in four steps. First, case vignettes and illustrations were created incorporating local idioms of distress for symptoms of each disorder with an expert panel of 25 Nepali mental health professionals. Second, the utility of a draft tool was assessed through focus group discussions (n = 19) and in-depth interviews (n = 6). Third, a practice run was conducted assessing applicability of the tool through IDI among purposively selected community informants (n = 8). Finally, surveys were administered to 105 community informants to assess feasibility. Results The first through third steps led to modifications in the format and presentation of the CIDT. The pilot test found CIDT to be comprehensible and feasible for detection and referral of all conditions except child behavioral problems. Female community health volunteers were recommended as the most appropriate persons to utilize the CIDT. Conclusion Community-based detection using the CIDT for persons in need of mental health care is perceived to be useful and feasible by key community stakeholders who would integrate the tool into their daily activities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13031-017-0132-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasansa Subba
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nagendra P Luitel
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037 USA
| | - Mark J D Jordans
- Department of Research and Development, HealthNet TPO, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Global Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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Rahim T, Rashid R. Comparison of depression symptoms between primary depression and secondary-to-schizophrenia depression. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2017; 21:314-317. [PMID: 28503978 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2017.1324036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study exclusively aimed to clinically assess which symptom pattern discriminates primary depression from depression-secondary to-schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 98 patients with primary depression and 71 patients with secondary-to-schizophrenia depression were assessed for identifying the clinical phenomena of depression. Diagnosis of schizophrenia was confirmed by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Each participant was, however, assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 as well as Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) for possible concurrent depressive symptoms. RESULTS Depressed mood, loss of interest, reduced energy and pathological guilt were more common in primary depression, whereas sleep disturbance and guilty ideas of reference were more amounting towards the diagnosis of depression secondary-to-schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS It is clinically hard to differentiate primary from secondary-to-schizophrenia depression, especially in the absence of obvious psychotic symptoms. However, the classical symptoms of depression like subjective depressed mood, anhedonia, reduced energy and pathological guilt are more prominent in the primary depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twana Rahim
- a Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Sulaimani , Sulaimani City , Iraq
| | - Roshe Rashid
- b Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine , Hawler Medical University , Erbil , Iraq
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Ameral V, Bishop LS, Palm Reed KM. Beyond symptom severity: The differential impact of distress tolerance and reward responsiveness on quality of life in depressed and non-depressed individuals. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Atherogenic Indices Are Increased in Elderly Patients with Unipolar Depression—Case–Control Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:291-295. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Avital A, Aga-Mizrachi S, Zubedat S. Evidence for social cooperation in rodents by automated maze. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29517. [PMID: 27378418 PMCID: PMC4932492 DOI: 10.1038/srep29517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Social cooperation is defined as a joint action for mutual benefit that depends on the individual and the counterparts’ behaviors. To gain valid evidence for social cooperation behavior we conducted a series of experiments in our suggested fully automated non-conditioned maze and depicted three major findings: (i) During 18 days of training the rats showed a progressive social learning curve as well as latent social learning; (ii) Examining the perceptual communication between the cooperating partners, we found a correlation between the available perceptual modalities and the social cooperation performance; and (iii) Investigating contextual learning as a competing process to the social cooperation, we found that additional contextual cues impaired the social cooperation performance. In conclusion, our suggested automated cooperation maze is designed to further our understanding of social cooperation under normal conditions, such as decision-making, and to examine the neural basis of social cooperation. A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by disruptions in social behavior and social cognition, including depression, autism spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia. Thus, on the pathological end, our maze for social cooperation evaluation can contribute significantly to the investigation of a wide range of social cooperation impairments in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Avital
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, and Emek Medical Center, Israel
| | - Shlomit Aga-Mizrachi
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, and Emek Medical Center, Israel
| | - Salman Zubedat
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, and Emek Medical Center, Israel
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Bitsika V, Sharpley CF, Andronicos NM, Agnew LL. Prevalence, structure and correlates of anxiety-depression in boys with an autism spectrum disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 49-50:302-311. [PMID: 26771668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity of anxiety and depression predicts impaired treatment outcomes, poor quality of life and increased suicide risk. No study has reported on a combined measure of anxiety-depression in boys with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. AIMS To explore the prevalence, underlying factor structure and relationships between anxiety-depression, physiological stress and symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). METHODS 150 boys (aged 6-18 years; IQ M=94.9, range=73-132) with an ASD plus their parents (135 mothers, 15 fathers) completed scales about the boys' anxiety and depression, and the boys provided samples of their saliva in the morning and afternoon. Parents also completed the ASD Behaviour Checklist about the boys' ASD symptoms. RESULTS The two sources of ratings were not significantly different for prevalence of anxiety-depression but the factor structures varied between the parents' and boys' responses, with a four-factor solution for the boys' ratings and a three-factor solution for the parents' ratings. There were also differences in the correlations between cortisol and anxiety-depression and between ASD symptoms and anxiety depression across the boys' and parents' data. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of anxiety and depression comorbidity from parents and from children with an ASD themselves could provide a valuable adjunct datum when diagnosing ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Bitsika
- Centre for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bond University, Robina, Queensland 4225, Australia
| | - Christopher F Sharpley
- Centre for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Bond University, Robina, Queensland 4225, Australia; Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
| | - Nicholas M Andronicos
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Linda L Agnew
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
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73
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Jesulola E, Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Agnew LL, Wilson P. Frontal alpha asymmetry as a pathway to behavioural withdrawal in depression: Research findings and issues. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tighe CA, Shoji KD, Dautovich ND, Lichstein KL, Scogin F. Affective mediators of the association between pleasant events and global sleep quality in community-dwelling adults. J Behav Med 2015; 39:170-7. [PMID: 26275377 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-015-9666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the association of engagement in pleasant events and global sleep quality, as well as examined the intermediary roles of positive affect and depressive symptoms in this association. Data were derived from the Midlife in the United States-II study. The sample consisted of 1054 community-dwelling adults. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and indicated the frequency and enjoyableness of experiences on a positive events scale. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Positive affect was measured using the Mood and Symptoms Questionnaire. Regression analyses indicated more frequent engagement in pleasant events was associated with better global sleep quality. Depressive symptoms, but not positive affect, partially mediated the association between pleasant events and global sleep quality. The findings suggest that behavioral engagement in pleasant events may be related to global sleep quality via depressive symptoms, but not positive affect. These findings highlight the potential for engagement in pleasant activities to influence both mood and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan A Tighe
- University of Alabama, 356B Gordon Palmer Hall, 505 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0348, USA.
| | - Kristy D Shoji
- University of Alabama, 356B Gordon Palmer Hall, 505 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0348, USA.
| | - Natalie D Dautovich
- University of Alabama, 356B Gordon Palmer Hall, 505 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0348, USA.
| | - Kenneth L Lichstein
- University of Alabama, 356B Gordon Palmer Hall, 505 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0348, USA.
| | - Forrest Scogin
- University of Alabama, 356B Gordon Palmer Hall, 505 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0348, USA.
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Christie DR. The relative influence of patients’ self-reported depressive symptoms of cognitive deficit and cognitive bias on total depression in prostate cancer patients: implications for psychotherapy interventions. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2014.1002802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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76
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Ramnerö J, Folke F, Kanter JW. A learning theory account of depression. Scand J Psychol 2015; 57:73-82. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ramnerö
- Department of Psychology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry; Uppsala University; Uppsala University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research; Dalarna Sweden
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Polenick CA, Flora SR. Behavioral activation for depression in older adults: theoretical and practical considerations. THE BEHAVIOR ANALYST 2015; 36:35-55. [PMID: 25729131 DOI: 10.1007/bf03392291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a major public health concern that can have devastating effects on older individuals and their families. Behavioral theories predict that decreases in response-contingent positive reinforcement and increases in negatively reinforced avoidance behaviors, often accompanied by aversive life events, result in the selection and maintenance of depression. Based on these theories, behavioral activation treatments for depression are designed to facilitate structured increases in enjoyable activities that increase opportunities for contact with positive reinforcement. We discuss the applicability of behavioral models for LLD, and we briefly review current behavioral activation interventions for LLD with an emphasis on implications for future behavior-analytic research. Behavioral activation has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing depression and increasing healthy behavior in older adults. Potential challenges and considerations for future research are discussed. We suggest that applied behavior analysts and clinical behavior analysts are particularly well suited to improve and expand on the knowledge base and practical application of behavioral activation interventions with this population.
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78
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Yamamoto T, Shudo Y, Sakai M. Analog study investigating diary assessments of rewards and punishments for emotional states. Psychol Rep 2014; 115:842-8. [PMID: 25539172 DOI: 10.2466/02.15.pr0.115c34z2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral Activation is a treatment for depression relying on rewards from activities; but it is possible that the effects of punishments should also be considered, as should its generalizability to the healthy population. Effect of rewards and punishments on emotional states and depression were investigated by using the daily diary method. Participants (7 men, 21 women; M age = 19.4 yr.) recorded their daily activities and the intensity of rewards and punishments accompanying each activity for one week. Positive and negative affects of participants were assessed using the Japanese version of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both rewards and punishments predicted depressive symptoms. Moreover, rewards (but not punishments) predicted positive affect, whereas punishments predicted negative affects (and rewards did not). These preliminary results suggest that the effects of both rewards and punishments given for activities should be considered in models of behavioral activation.
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Abstract
The current research set out to investigate whether adolescents who self-reported high or low levels of depressive symptomatology would demonstrate differential sensitivity to changing contingencies as a function of accurate/inaccurate (Experiment 1) or pliance/tracking instructions (Experiment 2). Following a screening procedure, students were divided into two groups and instructed on how to respond during a simple learning task. In Experiment 1, we observed a characteristic set of outcomes that were contingent upon the type of instructional control provided and levels of depressive symptomatology reported. Whereas accurate instructions resulted in quick and efficient learning (schedule sensitivity) regardless of depressive symptomatology, inaccurate instructions lead to problematic rule-following in the high depressive symptom group. Experiment 2 revealed that schedule insensitivity effects can be further augmented when participants who report depressive symptoms are equipped with a set of superordinate pliance instructions. In contrast, students in the tracking condition showed increasing adaptation to the changing contingencies throughout the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Hughes
- National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland
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80
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Koffarnus MN, Jarmolowicz DP, Mueller ET, Bickel WK. Changing delay discounting in the light of the competing neurobehavioral decision systems theory: a review. J Exp Anal Behav 2012; 99:32-57. [PMID: 23344987 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessively devaluing delayed reinforcers co-occurs with a wide variety of clinical conditions such as drug dependence, obesity, and excessive gambling. If excessive delay discounting is a trans-disease process that underlies the choice behavior leading to these and other negative health conditions, efforts to change an individual's discount rate are arguably important. Although discount rate is often regarded as a relatively stable trait, descriptions of interventions and environmental manipulations that successfully alter discount rate have begun to appear in the literature. In this review, we compare published examples of procedures that change discount rate and classify them into categories of procedures, including therapeutic interventions, direct manipulation of the executive decision-making system, framing effects, physiological state effects, and acute drug effects. These changes in discount rate are interpreted from the perspective of the competing neurobehavioral decision systems theory, which describes a combination of neurological and behavioral processes that account for delay discounting. We also suggest future directions that researchers could take to identify the mechanistic processes that allow for changes in discount rate and to test whether the competing neurobehavioral decision systems view of delay discounting is correct.
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81
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Dymond S, May RJ, Munnelly A, Hoon AE. Evaluating the evidence base for relational frame theory: a citation analysis. THE BEHAVIOR ANALYST 2012; 33:97-117. [PMID: 22479129 DOI: 10.1007/bf03392206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Relational frame theory (RFT) is a contemporary behavior-analytic account of language and cognition. Since it was first outlined in 1985, RFT has generated considerable controversy and debate, and several claims have been made concerning its evidence base. The present study sought to evaluate the evidence base for RFT by undertaking a citation analysis and by categorizing all articles that cited RFT-related search terms. A total of 174 articles were identified between 1991 and 2008, 62 (36%) of which were empirical and 112 (64%) were nonempirical articles. Further analyses revealed that 42 (68%) of the empirical articles were classified as empirical RFT and 20 (32%) as empirical other, whereas 27 (24%) of the nonempirical articles were assigned to the nonempirical reviews category and 85 (76%) to the nonempirical conceptual category. In addition, the present findings show that the majority of empirical research on RFT has been conducted with typically developing adult populations, on the relational frame of sameness, and has tended to be published in either The Psychological Record or the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Overall, RFT has made a substantial contribution to the literature in a relatively short period of time.
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Christie DRH. Understanding the functionality of depression among Australian breast cancer patients: implications for cognitive and behavioural interventions. Int J Behav Med 2012; 18:319-24. [PMID: 20446075 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-010-9098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in breast cancer (BCa) patients can reduce quality of life, relationships and treatment compliance, thus constituting a major target for cognitive behavioural (CBT) interventions. Although CBT treatments, which are built upon consideration of the roles of antecedents and consequences for depressive behaviour, are effective, the nature of those antecedents which trigger depression among BCa patients has received relatively little attention. PURPOSE Hypotheses were (1) to determine if BCa patients were experiencing either or both of punishment type I and II and (2) to identify if these aspects of punishment were related to overall depression. METHOD Two hundred fifty-three BCa patients completed a standardised depression scale, and data were factor analysed. Components were interpreted for their relationship to punishment type I or II. RESULTS Two major components emerged: (1) loss of previously available sources of personal or social reinforcement (i.e. punishment type II or negative punishment) and (2) behavioural, emotional and cognitive responses to those losses. These two components represent the total symptomatology of major depressive episode from DSM-IV-TR. CONCLUSION These findings support the application of a functional analytic model of depression within CBT assessment and treatment procedures with BCa patients.
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Bitsika V, Sharpley CF, Rubenstein V. What Stresses University Students: An Interview Investigation of the Demands of Tertiary Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/ajgc.20.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough several previous scales have been developed to measure the presence and effects of the stressful demands encountered by university students, most of these have been validated with samples drawn from US universities, commonly using only undergraduate psychology students. In addition, many of the items used are from scales designed for application within general adult populations, with little focus upon the specific stressors met by students. In order to identify what are the major changes these students encounter that they find stressful, a sample of 32 university students from different degree areas within an Australian university was individually interviewed using a standardised protocol. Results indicated that (unlike US data) these students found dislocation to family, friend and partner relationships most stressful, followed by the time demands of study and financial restrictions. Limitations of the study, future research directions and implications for counsellors are discussed.
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84
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Bitsika V, Sharpley CF, Christie DRH. Positive (But Not Negative) Punishment Predicts Anxiety and Depression Among Prostate Cancer Patients: An Exploration of the Behaviour Analytic Model of Depression. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/bech.26.4.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe relative power of Positive and Negative Punishment as predictors of anxiety and depression was investigated within the gender-specific population of Prostate Cancer patients. As well as being a more powerful predictor of total test scores, Positive Punishment was also a stronger predictor of the presence of clinical levels of anxiety and depression. Examination of the particular Positive Punishment events that were significantly associated with clinical anxiety and depression showed considerable overlap, supporting the concept of a combined anxiety-depression disorder. Suggestions for behavioural interventions with this patient group are made.
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Hayes SC, Villatte M, Levin M, Hildebrandt M. Open, aware, and active: contextual approaches as an emerging trend in the behavioral and cognitive therapies. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2011; 7:141-68. [PMID: 21219193 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A wave of new developments has occurred in the behavioral and cognitive therapies that focuses on processes such as acceptance, mindfulness, attention, or values. In this review, we describe some of these developments and the data regarding them, focusing on information about components, moderators, mediators, and processes of change. These "third wave" methods all emphasize the context and function of psychological events more so than their validity, frequency, or form, and for these reasons we use the term "contextual cognitive behavioral therapy" to describe their characteristics. Both putative processes, and component and process evidence, indicate that they are focused on establishing a more open, aware, and active approach to living, and that their positive effects occur because of changes in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Hayes
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
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Sharpley CF, Agnew LL. Cytokines and depression: findings, issues, and treatment implications. Rev Neurosci 2011; 22:295-302. [DOI: 10.1515/rns.2011.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V. Joining the dots: neurobiological links in a functional analysis of depression. Behav Brain Funct 2010; 6:73. [PMID: 21143991 PMCID: PMC3009949 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-6-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the major contributors to the Total Disease Burden and afflicts about one-sixth of Western populations. One of the most effective treatments for depression focuses upon analysis of causal chains in overt behaviour, but does not include brain-related phenomena as steps along these causal pathways. Recent research findings regarding the neurobiological concomitants of depressive behaviour suggest a sequence of structural and functional alterations to the brain which may also produce a beneficial outcome for the depressed individual--that of adaptive withdrawal from uncontrollable aversive stressors. Linking these brain-based explanations to models of observable contingencies for depressive behaviour can provide a comprehensive explanation of how depressive behaviour occurs and why it persists in many patients.
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Manos RC, Kanter JW, Busch AM. A critical review of assessment strategies to measure the behavioral activation model of depression. Clin Psychol Rev 2010; 30:547-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Christie DR. Incidence and nature of anxiety–depression comorbidity in prostate cancer patients. JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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90
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Is depression "evolutionary" or just "adaptive"? A comment. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2010; 2010:631502. [PMID: 21152220 PMCID: PMC2989690 DOI: 10.1155/2010/631502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some recent explanations of depression have suggested that it may be "evolutionary" in that there are advantages to the depressed individual which arise from some aspects of depressive symptomatology. While the depressive behaviour of withdrawal from the adverse environment may provide some immediate benefits to the depressed individual, thus making it potentially "adaptive" in the short-term, this does not fit the biological definition of "evolutionary". In fact, depression does not meet two of the three required criteria from natural selection in order to be evolutionary. Therefore, while some depressive behaviour may be advantageous for the depressed individual, and is therefore "adaptive" in an immediate sense, it cannot be accurately described as "evolutionary". Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Sharpley CF. Neurobiological Pathways between Chronic Stress and Depression: Dysregulated Adaptive Mechanisms? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4137/cmpsy.s3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Stress-related diseases have been predicted to become major contributors to the Global Disease Burden within the next 20 years. Of these, depression is one of the principal identifiable sources of concern for public mental health, and has been hypothesized to be an outcome of prolonged stress. Examination of the hyper-responsiveness of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, consequent elevated serum cortisol, plus the effects of this upon brain structure and function, provides a model for understanding how chronic stress may be a causal vector in the development of depression. Evidence from studies of the effectiveness of antidepressants aimed at reducing cortisol within depressed patients supports this model and suggests avenues for future research and treatment of stress-induced depression.
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Christie DRH. ‘Why I feel bad’: refinement of the Effects of Prostate Cancer Upon Lifestyle Questionnaire and an initial exploration of its links with anxiety and depression among prostate cancer patients. Psychooncology 2009; 19:839-46. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Manos RC, Kanter JW, Rusch LC, Turner LB, Roberts NA, Busch AM. Integrating Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and Behavioral Activation for the Treatment of Relationship Distress. Clin Case Stud 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1534650109332484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The following case study demonstrates the potential for an integrated behavioral treatment to improve interpersonal functioning, specifically within a romantic relationship. This integrated treatment utilizes strategies from both Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) and Behavioral Activation (BA), and thus is termed FAP-Enhanced BA (FEBA). This case study represents an initial attempt to apply FEBA to a 22-year-old female undergraduate, Megan, presenting with relationship distress. Megan and her partner both completed a pretreatment and posttreatment assessment that included self-report questionnaires in addition to a conflict-interaction task that was later coded for the presence of specific emotions. After the pretreatment assessment, Megan participated in 8 sessions of FEBA. Session-by-session descriptions and data will be presented, as well as data from the pretreatment and posttreatment assessments.
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Wray AM, Freund RA, Dougher MJ. A behavior-analytic account of cognitive bias in clinical populations. THE BEHAVIOR ANALYST 2009; 32:29-49. [PMID: 22478512 PMCID: PMC2686991 DOI: 10.1007/bf03392174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive bias refers to a well-established finding that individuals who suffer from certain clinical problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, etc.) selectively attend to, remember, and interpret events relevant to their condition. Although a body of literature exists that has tried to examine this phenomenon, most existing explanations are mentalistic and mediational. In this paper we offer a behavior-analytic account of cognitive bias, its development, and how it may contribute to maintenance of clinical problems. This account is based on establishing operations or motivating events, verbal processes, and relational responding. Clinical and future research implications are also discussed.
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Christie DHR. Psychological Distress among Prostate Cancer Patients: Fact Or Fiction? Clin Med Oncol 2008; 2:563-72. [PMID: 21892333 PMCID: PMC3161698 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the detrimental effect upon psychological well-being of receiving a diagnosis of, or treatment for, cancer has been demonstrated across many different types of cancer, three recent reviews of the psychological health of prostate cancer patients have produced contradictory conclusions. In order to elucidate the reasons for these apparent different conclusions, each of these reviews is described, with principal methods and findings summarised. Actual data, methodology used to select/reject research studies for inclusion in reviews, plus the validity of strict methodological culling of some research studies are discussed. Several extra studies and commentaries are also described, and a resolution of the apparent contradictory review conclusions is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Sharpley
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England New South Wales, Australia
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