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Hars M, Biver E, Chevalley T, Herrmann F, Rizzoli R, Ferrari S, Trombetti A. Low Lean Mass Predicts Incident Fractures Independently From FRAX: a Prospective Cohort Study of Recent Retirees. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2048-2056. [PMID: 27253633 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Whether low muscle mass predisposes to fracture is still poorly understood. In the diagnosis of sarcopenia, different thresholds for low lean mass have been proposed but comparative data for these criteria against hard outcomes such as fractures are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of low lean mass according to different thresholds used in operational definitions of sarcopenia and their association with 3-year fracture incidence in a cohort of healthy 63- to 67-year-old community dwellers. In a longitudinal analysis of 913 participants (mean age 65.0 ± 1.4 years) enrolled in the Geneva Retirees Cohort (GERICO) study, lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and low trauma clinical fracture incidence was recorded over a 3-year period. Prevalence of low lean mass ranged from 3.5% to 20.2% according to the threshold applied. During a follow-up of 3.4 ± 0.9 years, 40 (4.4%) participants sustained at least one low trauma fracture. After multivariate adjustment including Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) probability with femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), low lean mass, as defined by Baumgartner thresholds, was associated with higher fracture risk (odds ratio [OR], 2.32; 95% CI, 1.04 to 5.18; p = 0.040). It also added significant predictive value beyond FRAX (likelihood ratio test for nested models, 4.28; p < 0.039). No significant association was found for other definition thresholds. The coexistence of sarcopenia and a T-score <-2.5 at spine or hip was associated with a 3.39-fold (95% CI, 1.54 to 7.46; p = 0.002) increase in low trauma fracture risk. In conclusion, low lean mass, as defined by the Baumgartner thresholds, is a predictor of incident fractures in a large cohort of healthy 65-year-old community dwellers, independently of FRAX probability. The increased risk is related to the threshold for low lean mass selected. These findings suggest that identification of sarcopenia should be considered in fracture risk assessment beyond usual risk factors. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélany Hars
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Herrmann
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Thônex, Switzerland
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Trombetti
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Liu W, Zhou L, Zhou C, Zhang S, Jing J, Xie L, Sun N, Duan X, Jing W, Liang X, Zhao H, Ye L, Chen Q, Yuan Q. GDF11 decreases bone mass by stimulating osteoclastogenesis and inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12794. [PMID: 27653144 PMCID: PMC5036163 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related disease that affects millions of people. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a secreted member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. Deletion of Gdf11 has been shown to result in a skeletal anterior-posterior patterning disorder. Here we show a role for GDF11 in bone remodelling. GDF11 treatment leads to bone loss in both young and aged mice. GDF11 inhibits osteoblast differentiation and also stimulates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through Smad2/3 and c-Fos-dependent induction of Nfatc1. Injection of GDF11 impairs bone regeneration in mice and blocking GDF11 function prevents oestrogen-deficiency-induced bone loss and ameliorates age-related osteoporosis. Our data demonstrate that GDF11 is a previously unrecognized regulator of bone remodelling and suggest that GDF11 is a potential target for treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ningyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Judex S, Zhang W, Donahue L, Ozcivici E. Genetic and tissue level muscle-bone interactions during unloading and reambulation. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2016; 16:174-82. [PMID: 27609032 PMCID: PMC5114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about interactions between muscle and bone during the removal and application of mechanical signals. Here, we applied 3wk of hindlimb unloading followed by 3wk of reambulation to a genetically heterogeneous population of 352 adult mice and tested the hypothesis that changes in muscle are associated with changes in bone at the level of the tissue and the genome. During unloading and relative to normally ambulating control mice, most mice lost muscle and cortical bone with large variability across the population. During reambulation, individual mice regained bone and muscle at different rates. Across mice, changes in muscle and trabecular/cortical bone were not correlated to each other during unloading or reambulation. For unloading, we found one significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for muscle area and five QTLs for cortical bone without overlap between mechano-sensitive muscle and cortical bone QTLs (but some overlap between muscle and trabecular QTLs). The low correlations between morphological changes in muscle and bone, together with the largely distinct genetic regulation of the response indicate that the premise of a muscle-bone unit that co-adjusts its size during (un)loading may need to be reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Judex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA,Corresponding author: Stefan Judex, Ph.D., Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering Building, Rm 213, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA E-mail:
| | - W. Zhang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - L.R. Donahue
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - E. Ozcivici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA,Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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54
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Yang CW, Chen CL, Chou WC, Lin HC, Jong YJ, Tsai LK, Chuang CY. An Integrative Transcriptomic Analysis for Identifying Novel Target Genes Corresponding to Severity Spectrum in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157426. [PMID: 27331400 PMCID: PMC4917114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disease resulting from a recessive mutation in the SMN1 gene. This disease affects multiple organ systems with varying degrees of severity. Exploration of the molecular pathological changes occurring in different cell types in SMA is crucial for developing new therapies. This study collected 39 human microarray datasets from ArrayExpress and GEO databases to build an integrative transcriptomic analysis for recognizing novel SMA targets. The transcriptomic analysis was conducted through combining weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) for gene module detection, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for functional categorization and filtration, and Cytoscape (visual interaction gene network analysis) for target gene identification. Seven novel target genes (Bmp4, Serpine1, Gata6, Ptgs2, Bcl2, IL6 and Cntn1) of SMA were revealed, and are all known in the regulation of TNFα for controlling neural, cardiac and bone development. Sequentially, the differentially expressed patterns of these 7 target genes in mouse tissues (e.g., spinal cord, heart, muscles and bone) were validated in SMA mice of different severities (pre-symptomatic, mildly symptomatic, and severely symptomatic). In severely symptomatic SMA mice, TNFα was up-regulated with attenuation of Bmp4 and increase of Serpine1 and Gata6 (a pathway in neural and cardiac development), but not in pre-symptomatic and mildly symptomatic SMA mice. The severely symptomatic SMA mice also had the elevated levels of Ptgs2 and Bcl2 (a pathway in skeletal development) as well as IL6 and Cntn1 (a pathway in nervous system development). Thus, the 7 genes identified in this study might serve as potential target genes for future investigations of disease pathogenesis and SMA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Tsai
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (LKT); (CYC)
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (LKT); (CYC)
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Wacker MJ, Touchberry CD, Silswal N, Brotto L, Elmore CJ, Bonewald LF, Andresen J, Brotto M. Skeletal Muscle, but not Cardiovascular Function, Is Altered in a Mouse Model of Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets. Front Physiol 2016; 7:173. [PMID: 27242547 PMCID: PMC4866514 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR) is a heritable disorder characterized by hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia, and poor bone development. ARHR results from inactivating mutations in the DMP1 gene with the human phenotype being recapitulated in the Dmp1 null mouse model which displays elevated plasma fibroblast growth factor 23. While the bone phenotype has been well-characterized, it is not known what effects ARHR may also have on skeletal, cardiac, or vascular smooth muscle function, which is critical to understand in order to treat patients suffering from this condition. In this study, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL-fast-twitch muscle), soleus (SOL–slow-twitch muscle), heart, and aorta were removed from Dmp1 null mice and ex-vivo functional tests were simultaneously performed in collaboration by three different laboratories. Dmp1 null EDL and SOL muscles produced less force than wildtype muscles after normalization for physiological cross sectional area of the muscles. Both EDL and SOL muscles from Dmp1 null mice also produced less force after the addition of caffeine (which releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum) which may indicate problems in excitation contraction coupling in these mice. While the body weights of the Dmp1 null were smaller than wildtype, the heart weight to body weight ratio was higher. However, there were no differences in pathological hypertrophic gene expression compared to wildtype and maximal force of contraction was not different indicating that there may not be cardiac pathology under the tested conditions. We did observe a decrease in the rate of force development generated by cardiac muscle in the Dmp1 null which may be related to some of the deficits observed in skeletal muscle. There were no differences observed in aortic contractions induced by PGF2α or 5-HT or in endothelium-mediated acetylcholine-induced relaxations or endothelium-independent sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations. In summary, these results indicate that there are deficiencies in both fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fiber type contractions in this model of ARHR, while there was less of a phenotype observed in cardiac muscle, and no differences observed in aortic function. These results may help explain skeletal muscle weakness reported by some patients with osteomalacia and need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wacker
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Neerupma Silswal
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Collaborative Science, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Chris J Elmore
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Bone Biology Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jon Andresen
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Collaborative Science, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington Arlington, TX, USA
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56
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Bilski J, Mazur-Bialy A, Brzozowski B, Magierowski M, Zahradnik-Bilska J, Wójcik D, Magierowska K, Kwiecien S, Mach T, Brzozowski T. Can exercise affect the course of inflammatory bowel disease? Experimental and clinical evidence. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:827-36. [PMID: 27255494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consisting of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are defined as idiopathic, chronic and relapsing intestinal disorders occurring in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to environmental risk factors such as diet and microbiome changes. Since conventional drug therapy is expensive and not fully efficient, there is a need for alternative remedies that can improve the outcome in patients suffering from IBD. Whether exercise, which has been proposed as adjunct therapy in IBD, can be beneficial in patients with IBD remains an intriguing question. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects of exercise on human IBD and experimental colitis in animal models that mimic human disease, although the information on exercise in human IBD are sparse and poorly understood. Moderate exercise can exert a beneficial ameliorating effect on IBD and improve the healing of experimental animal colitis due to the activity of protective myokines such as irisin released from working skeletal muscles. CD patients with higher levels of exercise were significantly less likely to develop active disease at six months. Moreover, voluntary exercise has been shown to exert a positive effect on IBD patients' mood, weight maintenance and osteoporosis. On the other hand, depending on its intensity and duration, exercise can evoke transient mild systemic inflammation and enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine release, thereby exacerbating the gastrointestinal symptoms. We discuss recent advances in the mechanism of voluntary and strenuous exercise affecting the outcome of IBD in patients and experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mazur-Bialy
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Brzozowski
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, The University Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janina Zahradnik-Bilska
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, The University Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wójcik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mach
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, The University Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Arun RM, Lakkakula BV, Chitharanjan AB. Role of myosin 1H gene polymorphisms in mandibular retrognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 149:699-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. Genetic factors, environmental factors and gene-environment interactions all contribute to a person's lifetime risk of developing an osteoporotic fracture. This Review summarizes key advances in understanding of the genetics of bone traits and their role in osteoporosis. Candidate-gene approaches dominated this field 20 years ago, but clinical and preclinical genetic studies published in the past 5 years generally utilize more-sophisticated and better-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS). High-throughput DNA sequencing, large genomic databases and improved methods of data analysis have greatly accelerated the gene-discovery process. Linkage analyses of single-gene traits that segregate in families with extreme phenotypes have led to the elucidation of critical pathways controlling bone mass. For example, components of the Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway have been validated (in both GWAS and functional studies) as contributing to various bone phenotypes. These notable advances in gene discovery suggest that the next decade will witness cataloguing of the hundreds of genes that influence bone mass and osteoporosis, which in turn will provide a roadmap for the development of new drugs that target diseases of low bone mass, including osteoporosis.
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Buch A, Carmeli E, Boker LK, Marcus Y, Shefer G, Kis O, Berner Y, Stern N. Muscle function and fat content in relation to sarcopenia, obesity and frailty of old age--An overview. Exp Gerontol 2016; 76:25-32. [PMID: 26785313 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In western countries, the proportion of people over age 60 is increasing faster than any other group. This is linked to higher rates of obesity. Older age, co-morbidities and obesity are all associated with frailty syndrome. In the core of both frailty and sarcopenia there are dysfunction and deterioration of the muscle and the fat tissues. This overview interlinks the phenotypes presented in older adults such as sarcopenia and frailty-alone and with relation to obesity, muscle function and fat tissue accumulation. RECENT FINDINGS Observational studies have well described the loss of muscle mass and strength through the years of adult life, both components of frailty and sarcopenia. They have shown that these changes are associated with dysmetabolism and functional deterioration, independent of common explanatory variables. In the metabolic mechanism core of this link, insulin resistance and higher ectopic fat accumulation may play a role. Basic experiments have partially validated this hypothesis. Whether there is a synergistic effect of obesity and frailty phenotype on morbidity risk is still questionable and currently under investigation; however, few cohort studies have shown that the frail-obese or sarcopenic-obese group have higher probability for metabolic complications. SUMMARY Muscle mass loss and fat accumulation in the muscle in the elderly, with or without the presence of obesity, may explain some of the functional and metabolic defects shown in the frail, sarcopenic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Buch
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Eli Carmeli
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; School of Public Health, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Yonit Marcus
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gabi Shefer
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ofer Kis
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yitshal Berner
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Naftali Stern
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Boudenot A, Maurel DB, Pallu S, Ingrand I, Boisseau N, Jaffré C, Portier H. Quick benefits of interval training versus continuous training on bone: a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry comparative study. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 96:370-7. [PMID: 26754273 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To delay age-related bone loss, physical activity is recommended during growth. However, it is unknown whether interval training is more efficient than continuous training to increase bone mass both quickly and to a greater extent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a 10-week interval training regime with a 14-week continuous training regime on bone mineral density (BMD). Forty-four male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were separated into four groups: control for 10 weeks (C10), control for 14 weeks (C14), moderate interval training for 10 weeks (IT) and moderate continuous training for 14 weeks (CT). Rats were exercised 1 h/day, 5 day/week. Body composition and BMD of the whole body and femur respectively were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after training to determine raw gain and weight-normalized BMD gain. Both trained groups had lower weight and fat mass gain when compared to controls. Both trained groups gained more BMD compared to controls when normalized to body weight. Using a 30% shorter training period, the IT group showed more than 20% higher whole body and femur BMD gains compared to the CT. Our data suggest that moderate IT was able to produce faster bone adaptations than moderate CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boudenot
- Movement to Health - Euromov, UFR STAPS, Université de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.,UMR-S658 INSERM, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Delphine B Maurel
- UMR-S658 INSERM, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,Laboratory of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Stéphane Pallu
- UMR-S658 INSERM, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,UMR 7052 Laboratory for Osteoarticular Bioengineering and Bioimaging, CNRS, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris, France.,Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Ingrand
- Epidémiologie et Biostatistique, Inserm CIC 802, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, EA 3533, Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Jaffré
- UMR-S658 INSERM, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,EA 3300, Adaptations Physiologiques à l'Exercice et Réadaptation à l'Effort, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Hugues Portier
- UMR 7052 Laboratory for Osteoarticular Bioengineering and Bioimaging, CNRS, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris, France.,Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
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61
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Oestreich AK, Carleton SM, Yao X, Gentry BA, Raw CE, Brown M, Pfeiffer FM, Wang Y, Phillips CL. Myostatin deficiency partially rescues the bone phenotype of osteogenesis imperfecta model mice. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:161-70. [PMID: 26179666 PMCID: PMC8018583 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mice with osteogenesis imperfecta (+/oim), a disorder of bone fragility, were bred to mice with muscle over growth to test whether increasing muscle mass genetically would improve bone quality and strength. The results demonstrate that femora from mice carrying both mutations have greater mechanical integrity than their +/oim littermates. INTRODUCTION Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heritable connective tissue disorder due primarily to mutations in the type I collagen genes resulting in skeletal deformity and fragility. Currently, there is no cure, and therapeutic strategies encompass the use of antiresorptive pharmaceuticals and surgical bracing, with limited success and significant potential for adverse effects. Bone, a mechanosensing organ, can respond to high mechanical loads by increasing new bone formation and altering bone geometry to withstand increased forces. Skeletal muscle is a major source of physiological loading on bone, and bone strength is proportional to muscle mass. METHODS To test the hypothesis that congenic increases in muscle mass in the osteogenesis imperfecta murine model mouse (oim) will improve their compromised bone quality and strength, heterozygous (+/oim) mice were bred to mice deficient in myostatin (+/mstn), a negative regulator of muscle growth. The resulting adult offspring were evaluated for hindlimb muscle mass, and bone microarchitecture, physiochemistry, and biomechanical integrity. RESULTS +/oim mice deficient in myostatin (+/mstn +/oim) were generated and demonstrated that myostatin deficiency increased body weight, muscle mass, and biomechanical strength in +/mstn +/oim mice as compared to +/oim mice. Additionally, myostatin deficiency altered the physiochemical properties of the +/oim bone but did not alter bone remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Myostatin deficiency partially improved the reduced femoral bone biomechanical strength of adult +/oim mice by increasing muscle mass with concomitant improvements in bone microarchitecture and physiochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Oestreich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - S M Carleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - X Yao
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - B A Gentry
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - C E Raw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - M Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Physical Therapy Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - F M Pfeiffer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - C L Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Bonnet M, Tournayre J, Cassar-Malek I. Integrated data mining of transcriptomic and proteomic datasets to predict the secretome of adipose tissue and muscle in ruminants. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2722-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00224b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue and muscle are endocrine organs releasing signalling and mediator proteins termed adipokines and myokines. The identification of the complete set of proteins secreted by adipose tissue and muscle is a challenge to understand the molecular cross-talk between these tissues and to reveal potential targets to control body or muscle composition and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bonnet
- INRA
- UMR1213 Herbivores
- F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle
- France
- Clermont Université
| | - J. Tournayre
- INRA
- UMR1213 Herbivores
- F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle
- France
- Clermont Université
| | - I. Cassar-Malek
- INRA
- UMR1213 Herbivores
- F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle
- France
- Clermont Université
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63
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Gorski JP, Huffman NT, Vallejo J, Brotto L, Chittur SV, Breggia A, Stern A, Huang J, Mo C, Seidah NG, Bonewald L, Brotto M. Deletion of Mbtps1 (Pcsk8, S1p, Ski-1) Gene in Osteocytes Stimulates Soleus Muscle Regeneration and Increased Size and Contractile Force with Age. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4308-22. [PMID: 26719336 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.686626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional deletion of Mbtps1 (cKO) protease in bone osteocytes leads to an age-related increase in mass (12%) and in contractile force (30%) in adult slow twitch soleus muscles (SOL) with no effect on fast twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles. Surprisingly, bone from 10-12-month-old cKO animals was indistinguishable from controls in size, density, and morphology except for a 25% increase in stiffness. cKO SOL exhibited increased expression of Pax7, Myog, Myod1, Notch, and Myh3 and 6-fold more centralized nuclei, characteristics of postnatal regenerating muscle, but only in type I myosin heavy chain-expressing cells. Increased expression of gene pathways mediating EGF receptor signaling, circadian exercise, striated muscle contraction, and lipid and carbohydrate oxidative metabolism were also observed in cKO SOL. This muscle phenotype was not observed in 3-month-old mice. Although Mbtps1 mRNA and protein expression was reduced in cKO bone osteocytes, no differences in Mbtps1 or cre recombinase expression were observed in cKO SOL, explaining this age-related phenotype. Understanding bone-muscle cross-talk may provide a fresh and novel approach to prevention and treatment of age-related muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff P Gorski
- From the Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City Center of Excellence in the Study of Dental and Musculoskeletal Tissues, School of Dentistry,
| | - Nichole T Huffman
- From the Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City Center of Excellence in the Study of Dental and Musculoskeletal Tissues, School of Dentistry
| | - Julian Vallejo
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144
| | | | - Amber Stern
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, Engineering Systems, Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina 28277, and
| | - Jian Huang
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
| | - Chenglin Mo
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W IR7, Canada
| | - Lynda Bonewald
- From the Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City Center of Excellence in the Study of Dental and Musculoskeletal Tissues, School of Dentistry
| | - Marco Brotto
- Muscle Biology Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Studies, and
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64
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Meakin LB, Udeh C, Galea GL, Lanyon LE, Price JS. Exercise does not enhance aged bone's impaired response to artificial loading in C57Bl/6 mice. Bone 2015; 81:47-52. [PMID: 26142929 PMCID: PMC4652609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bones adapt their structure to their loading environment and so ensure that they become, and are maintained, sufficiently strong to withstand the loads to which they are habituated. The effectiveness of this process declines with age and bones become fragile fracturing with less force. This effect in humans also occurs in mice which experience age-related bone loss and reduced adaptation to loading. Exercise engenders many systemic and local muscular physiological responses as well as engendering local bone strain. To investigate whether these physiological responses influence bones' adaptive responses to mechanical strain we examined whether a period of treadmill exercise influenced the adaptive response to an associated period of artificial loading in young adult (17-week) and old (19-month) mice. After treadmill acclimatization, mice were exercised for 30 min three times per week for two weeks. Three hours after each exercise period, right tibiae were subjected to 40 cycles of non-invasive axial loading engendering peak strain of 2250 με. In both young and aged mice exercise increased cross-sectional muscle area and serum sclerostin concentration. In young mice it also increased serum IGF1. Exercise did not affect bone's adaptation to loading in any measured parameter in young or aged bone. These data demonstrate that a level of exercise sufficient to cause systemic changes in serum, and adaptive changes in local musculature, has no effect on bone's response to loading 3h later. This study provides no support for the beneficial effects of exercise on bone in the elderly being mediated by systemic or local muscle-derived effects rather than local adaptation to altered mechanical strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee B Meakin
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK.
| | - Chinedu Udeh
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - Gabriel L Galea
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Lance E Lanyon
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Joanna S Price
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
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Regan JN, Waning DL, Guise TA. Skeletal muscle Ca(2+) mishandling: Another effect of bone-to-muscle signaling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 49:24-9. [PMID: 26593325 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Our appreciation of crosstalk between muscle and bone has recently expanded beyond mechanical force-driven events to encompass a variety of signaling factors originating in one tissue and communicating to the other. While the recent identification of new 'myokines' has shifted some focus to the role of muscle in this partnership, bone-derived factors and their effects on skeletal muscle should not be overlooked. This review summarizes some previously known mediators of bone-to-muscle signaling and also recent work identifying a new role for bone-derived TGF-β as a cause of skeletal muscle weakness in the setting of cancer-induced bone destruction. Oxidation of the ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel (RyR1) in skeletal muscle occurs via a TGF-β-Nox4-RyR1 axis and leads to calcium mishandling and decreased muscle function. Multiple points of potential therapeutic intervention were identified, from preventing the bone destruction to stabilizing the RYR1 calcium channel. This new data reinforces the concept that bone can be an important source of signaling factors in pathphysiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Regan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David L Waning
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Abstract
Bone is a living tissue needing mechanical stress to maintain strength. Traditional endurance exercises offer only modest effects on bone. Walking and running produce low impact but lead to bone fatigue. This article is specifically addressed to therapists and explains the mechanisms involved for the effects of exercise on bone. Intermittent exercise limits bone fatigue, and downhill exercises increase ground impact forces and involve eccentric muscle contractions, which are particularly osteogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boudenot
- a Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Université de Montpellier, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Zahra Achiou
- b Collegium Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Hugues Portier
- b Collegium Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,c Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7052 Laboratory for Osteoarticular bioengineering and Bioimaging, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) University Paris Diderot, Sorbone Paris, Cité. 75010 Paris, France
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a fatal neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration of motor neurons and by skeletal muscle atrophy. Although the death of motor neurons is a pathological hallmark of ALS, the potential role of other organs in disease progression remains to be elucidated. Skeletal muscle and bone are the two largest organs in the human body. They are responsible not only for locomotion but also for maintaining whole body normal metabolism and homeostasis. Patients with ALS display severe muscle atrophy, which may reflect intrinsic defects in mitochondrial respiratory function and calcium (Ca) signaling in muscle fibers, in addition to the role of axonal withdrawal associated with ALS progression. Incidence of fractures is high in ALS patients, indicating there are potential bone defects in individuals with this condition. There is a lifelong interaction between skeletal muscle and bone. The severe muscle degeneration that occurs during ALS progression may potentially have a significant impact on bone function, and the defective bone may also contribute significantly to neuromuscular degeneration in the course of the disease. Due to the nature of the rapid and severe neuromuscular symptoms, a majority of studies on ALS have focused on neurodegeneration. Just a few studies have explored the possible contribution of muscle defects, even fewer on bone defects, and fewer still on possible muscle-bone crosstalk in ALS. This review article discusses current studies on bone defects and potential defects in muscle-bone crosstalk in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Ave., Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA,
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68
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Moon RJ, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Curtis EM, Davies JH, Gregson CL, Robinson SM, Dennison EM, Godfrey KM, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC. Longitudinal changes in lean mass predict pQCT measures of tibial geometry and mineralisation at 6-7 years. Bone 2015; 75:105-10. [PMID: 25703480 PMCID: PMC4556067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in childhood suggest that both body composition and early postnatal growth are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). However, little is known of the relationships between longitudinal changes in fat (FM) and lean mass (LM) and bone development in pre-pubertal children. We therefore investigated these associations in a population-based mother-offspring cohort, the Southampton Women's Survey. METHODS Total FM and LM were assessed at birth and 6-7 years of age by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). At 6-7 years, total cross-sectional area (CSA) and trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) at the 4% site (metaphysis) of the tibia was assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography [pQCT (Stratec XCT-2000)]. Total CSA, cortical CSA, cortical vBMD and strength-strain index (SSI) were measured at the 38% site (diaphysis). FM, LM and bone parameters were adjusted for age and sex and standardised to create within-cohort z-scores. Change in LM (ΔLM) or FM (ΔFM) was represented by change in z-score from birth to 7 years old and conditioned on the birth measurement. Linear regression was used to explore the associations between ΔLM or ΔFM and standardised pQCT outcomes, before and after mutual adjustment and for linear growth. The β-coefficient represents SD change in outcome per unit SD change in predictor. RESULTS DXA at birth, in addition to both DXA and pQCT scans at 6-7 years, were available for 200 children (48.5% male). ΔLM adjusted for ΔFM was positively associated with tibial total CSA at both the 4% (β=0.57SD/SD, p<0.001) and 38% sites (β=0.53SD/SD, p<0.001), cortical CSA (β=0.48SD/SD, p<0.001) and trabecular vBMD (β=0.30SD/SD, p<0.001), but not with cortical vBMD. These relationships persisted after adjustment for linear growth. In contrast, ΔFM adjusted for ΔLM was only associated with 38% total and cortical CSA, which became non-significant after adjustment for linear growth. CONCLUSION In this study, gain in childhood LM was positively associated with bone size and trabecular vBMD at 6-7 years of age. In contrast, no relationships between change in FM and bone were observed, suggesting that muscle growth, rather than accrual of fat mass, may be a more important determinant of childhood bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Moon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Zoe A Cole
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Rheumatology, Salisbury Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Sarah R Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Curtis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Sian M Robinson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Elaine M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopedic Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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St John HC, Meyer MB, Benkusky NA, Carlson AH, Prideaux M, Bonewald LF, Pike JW. The parathyroid hormone-regulated transcriptome in osteocytes: parallel actions with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to oppose gene expression changes during differentiation and to promote mature cell function. Bone 2015; 72:81-91. [PMID: 25460572 PMCID: PMC4285334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although localized to the mineralized matrix of bone, osteocytes are able to respond to systemic factors such as the calciotropic hormones 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH. In the present studies, we examined the transcriptomic response to PTH in an osteocyte cell model and found that this hormone regulated an extensive panel of genes. Surprisingly, PTH uniquely modulated two cohorts of genes, one that was expressed and associated with the osteoblast to osteocyte transition and the other a cohort that was expressed only in the mature osteocyte. Interestingly, PTH's effects were largely to oppose the expression of differentiation-related genes in the former cohort, while potentiating the expression of osteocyte-specific genes in the latter cohort. A comparison of the transcriptional effects of PTH with those obtained previously with 1,25(OH)2D3 revealed a subset of genes that was strongly overlapping. While 1,25(OH)2D3 potentiated the expression of osteocyte-specific genes similar to that seen with PTH, the overlap between the two hormones was more limited. Additional experiments identified the PKA-activated phospho-CREB (pCREB) cistrome, revealing that while many of the differentiation-related PTH regulated genes were apparent targets of a PKA-mediated signaling pathway, a reduction in pCREB binding at sites associated with osteocyte-specific PTH targets appeared to involve alternative PTH activation pathways. That pCREB binding activities positioned near important hormone-regulated gene cohorts were localized to control regions of genes was reinforced by the presence of epigenetic enhancer signatures exemplified by unique modifications at histones H3 and H4. These studies suggest that both PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 may play important and perhaps cooperative roles in limiting osteocyte differentiation from its precursors while simultaneously exerting distinct roles in regulating mature osteocyte function. Our results provide new insight into transcription factor-associated mechanisms through which PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 regulate a plethora of genes important to the osteoblast/osteocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary C St John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark B Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nancy A Benkusky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alex H Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mathew Prideaux
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Beaudart C, Rizzoli R, Bruyère O, Reginster JY, Biver E. Sarcopenia: burden and challenges for public health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 72:45. [PMID: 25810912 PMCID: PMC4373245 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3258-72-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, operationally defined as the loss of muscle mass and muscle function, is a major health condition associated with ageing, and contributes to many components of public health at both the patient and the societal levels. Currently, no consensual definition of sarcopenia exists and therefore it is still a challenge to establish the actual prevalence of sarcopenia or to establish the direct and indirect impacts of sarcopenia on public health. Anyway, this geriatric syndrome represents a huge potential public health issue because of its multiple clinical and societal consequences. Moreover, all these aspects have an impact on healthcare costs both for the patient and the society. Therefore, the implementation of effective and broadly applicable preventive and therapeutic interventions has become a medical and societal challenge for the growing number of older persons affected by sarcopenia and its disabling complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Beaudart
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 3 - CHU B23, Liège, 4000 Belgium ; Support Unit in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva 14, CH-1211 Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 3 - CHU B23, Liège, 4000 Belgium ; Support Unit in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium ; Department of Motricity Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 3 - CHU B23, Liège, 4000 Belgium ; Bone, Cartilage and Muscle Metabolism Unit and Chair of the Department of Public Health Sciences, CHU of Liège, Quai Godefroid Kurth 45, Liège, 4000 Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva 14, CH-1211 Switzerland
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