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Shinohara T, Saida K, Tanaka S, Murayama A, Higuchi D. Factors for the change in frailty status during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort study over six- and 12-month periods in Japan. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 48:111-117. [PMID: 36155309 PMCID: PMC9436893 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to verify the frailty status and the factors associated with the change in frailty status during the COVID-19 pandemic. A three-wave cohort study was conducted every six months, from May to July 2020, November 2020 to January 2021, and again from May to July 2021. The frailty status was assessed using the frailty screening index. Multivariate generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to determine whether changes in frailty status were associated with health conditions and lifestyle. The 404 survey forms were analyzed. Decline in chewing function (beta = 0.552) and leg muscle strength weakness (beta = 0.515) were significantly associated with the change in frailty status over six months, and leg muscle strength weakness (beta = 0.512) was significantly associated over 12 months. Risk factors associated with worsening health should be assessed for appropriate support. It is especially important to assess subjective leg muscle weakness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Shinohara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 501 Naka Orui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Saida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 501 Naka Orui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeya Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 501 Naka Orui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiko Murayama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Gunma University of Health and Welfare, K'BIX Genki21 Maebashi 6-7F, 2-12-1 Hon-machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0023, Japan
| | - Daisuke Higuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 501 Naka Orui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
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Nakamura M, Ohki M, Mizukoshi R, Takeno I, Tsujita T, Imai R, Imaoka M, Takeda M. Effect of Home-Based Training with a Daily Calendar on Preventing Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14205. [PMID: 36361085 PMCID: PMC9658038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that marked decreases in physical activity including social activities, deterioration in eating habits and mental health, and an increase in frailty have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to devise a method to prevent the onset and progression of frailty during the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify its effect. The subjects were 111 community-dwelling older people who answered questionnaires before and after the intervention. A calendar incorporating 31 different tasks, one for each day, was created as an intervention tool with the aim of improving motor, oral, and cognitive functions. The intervention group (n = 49) participants performed these tasks every day for 3 months. The primary outcome was the Kihon checklist (KCL) score. When the amount of change in the KCL score before and after 3 months was compared between the two groups, no difference in the total score was observed between the two groups; however, the intervention group showed significantly improved cognitive function in the KCL sub-domain. In the intervention group, the number of pre-frailty and frailty patients decreased significantly after the intervention compared to before the intervention. These results suggest that the use of the calendar created in this study during the COVID-19 pandemic could prevent decreased cognitive function in the KCL sub-domain and could help prevent the onset and progression of pre-frailty and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Masataka Ohki
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Riku Mizukoshi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Itsuki Takeno
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Taira Tsujita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Ryota Imai
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Masakazu Imaoka
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka 597-0104, Japan
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Teraoka K, Tsuji T, Jindo T, Tokunaga S, Okura T. [Changes in the physical fitness of elderly people in the COVID-19 pandemic: An examination using performance tests]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2022; 59:491-500. [PMID: 36476697 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.59.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to ascertain the physical-fitness trends among community-dwelling older adults using performance testing. The results of the evaluation conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared to data from the pre-pandemic period. METHODS A total of 240 community-dwelling older adults who participated in a health checkup program from 2016-2020 underwent the following tests: grip strength (upper limb muscle), single-leg balance with eyes open (static balance), sit-and-reach test (flexibility), timed up-and-go test (TUG, functional mobility), 5 meter habitual walk (walking ability), and hand working with pegboard (hand dexterity). Linear mixed effect models were applied to the hierarchical dataset: repeated data (Level 1), pre-pandemic (2016-2019), pandemic (2019-2020) (Level 2), and individuals (Level 3). Fixed effects and interactions were estimated for the survey year (Level 1), and between the survey year and pre- and post-pandemic (Level 2), with the range of decline set measured in terms of its standardized partial regression coefficient, "B," from 2019-2020. RESULTS The items for which significant cross-level interactions were identified. In males, the following items showed significant cross-level interactions: sit and reach test (B=-2.56, 95% CI: -4.45--0.66 cm), TUG (+0.39, 0.21-0.56 sec) and 5 meter habitual walk (+0.15, 0.04-0.27 sec). In females items except single-leg balance with eyes open showed significant cross-level interactions: grip strength (-0.58, -1.11--0.05 kg), sit-and-reach test (-3.53, -5.11--1.95 cm), TUG (+0.15, 0.03-0.27 sec), for 5 meter habitual walk (+0.14, 0.04-0.24 sec), and hand working with pegboard (+0.89, 0.28-1.51 sec). CONCLUSION In both males and females, a significant deterioration in flexibility and mobility movement ability was observed in 2019-2020. In addition, upper limb muscle strength and hand dexterity movement deteriorated in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Teraoka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Tokyo Health Cooperative Association
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Takashi Jindo
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Satoshi Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Department of Rehabilitation, Ushio Hospital
| | - Tomohiro Okura
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Research and Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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Kamimoto T, Kawakami M, Morita T, Miyazaki Y, Hijikata N, Akimoto T, Tsujikawa M, Honaga K, Suzuki K, Kondo K, Tsuji T. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Function of Community-Dwelling People with Disabilities in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12599. [PMID: 36231898 PMCID: PMC9566647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, COVID-19 spread throughout the world, and international measures such as travel bans, quarantines, and increased social distancing were implemented. In Japan, the number of infected people increased, and a state of emergency was declared from 16 April to 25 May 2020. Such a change in physical activity could lead to a decline in physical function in people with disabilities. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the impact of the pandemic on the physical function of disabled persons living in the community. Data were collected at four points in time: two points before the declaration of the state of emergency was issued and two points after the declaration period had ended. Time series data of physical function at four points in time were compared for 241 people with disabilities. The mean age was 72.39 years; 157 had stroke, 59 musculoskeletal disease, and 26 other diseases. Overall, there was a long-term decrease in walking speed (p < 0.001) and a worsening of the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) score (p < 0.001) after the period of the state of emergency. The TUG score worsened only in the group with a walking speed of 1.0 m/s or less before the state of emergency (p = 0.064), suggesting that this group was more susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kamimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Kawakami
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
| | - Towa Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
| | - Yuta Miyazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Nanako Hijikata
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tomonori Akimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
| | - Kaoru Honaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kanjiro Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Waseda Clinic, Miyazaki 880-0933, Japan
| | - Kunitsugu Kondo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba 275-0026, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Hirose T, Sawaya Y, Ishizaka M, Hashimoto N, Ito A, Endo Y, Kobayashi K, Yakabi A, Onoda K, Hara T, Watanabe M, Itokazu M, Kubo A, Urano T. Characteristics of Japanese Older Adults Whose Trunk Muscle Mass Decreased during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11438. [PMID: 36141711 PMCID: PMC9517623 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected the physical and mental functions in older adults, resulting in "corona-frailty". This 2-year prospective study characterized changes in quantitative measures and corona-frailty among a cohort of community-dwelling older women. Changes were evaluated using face-to-face interactions with 39 Japanese women (mean age: 76.1 ± 5.9) in 2019 (pre-pandemic baseline) and 2021 (follow-up during the pandemic). Quantitative measurements of handgrip strength, walking speed, calf circumference, body composition, and background factors were evaluated. Body weight and trunk muscle mass significantly decreased at follow-up. Multiple regression analysis, using change in trunk muscle mass as the dependent variable and background factors as independent variables, identified that decrease in trunk muscle mass was associated with "being robust at baseline" and answering "Yes" to the question of "Do you go out less frequently compared with last year"? The 2-year trunk muscle mass change for each baseline frailty stage showed a significant decrease only in the robust group (-8.0%). The decrease in trunk muscle mass might be related to pandemic-induced lifestyle restraint, suggesting that robust older adults who are healthy and active should take measures that focus on trunk muscles to avoid "corona-frailty".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Hirose
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yohei Sawaya
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishizaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naori Hashimoto
- Senior Services Division of Otawara, 1-4-1 Honcho, Otawara 324-8641, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Endo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yakabi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ko Onoda
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hara
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miyoko Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Itokazu
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Kubo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Otawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Chiba, Japan
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Association among mild cognitive impairment, social frailty, and clinical events in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. Heart Lung 2022; 55:82-88. [PMID: 35500433 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support is considered a key factor for secondary prevention in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recent studies have suggested the clinical importance of social frailty in CVD. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association among coexistent MCI, social frailty, and clinical events in patients with CVD. METHODS This study included 184 hospitalized elderly patients with CVD who participated in inpatient cardiac rehabilitation (median age, 75 years; male, 66.3%). MCI was defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of ≤25 points at discharge. Social frailty was defined using the Makizako criteria. Lack of caregiver support was also assessed as an indicator of poor social support. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the combined impact of MCI and social frailty or the lack of caregiver support on the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or unplanned rehospitalization. RESULTS The prevalence of MCI, social frailty, and lack of caregiver support were 65.2%, 70.7%, and 19.0%, respectively. There was a significant difference among subgroups by MCI and a lack of caregiver support (log-rank test, p = 0.018), and the MCI/non-caregiver group showed the worst prognosis (adjusted hazard ratio 3.96; 95% confidence interval 1.57-9.98). Likewise, MCI/social frailty group showed a significantly high event risk (3.94; 1.20-12.9) among the subgroups by MCI and social frailty. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the clinical importance of assessing the presence of caregiver support along with conventional social frailty for patients with CVD and MCI.
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Su Y, Yuki M, Ogawa N. Association of visceral fat area with pre-frailty in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:686. [PMID: 35986260 PMCID: PMC9388358 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Screening and intervention in pre-frailty can help prevent or delay frailty among older adults. Being overweight has shown associated with pre-frailty, and overweight is highly prevalent among community-dwelling older adults during COVID-19. However, the impact of visceral fat accumulation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between visceral fat area and pre-frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Methods The participants of this study included community-dwelling older adults from three elderly welfare centers. The frailty phenotype was assessed using the frailty screening index. The body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results A total of 214 community-dwelling older adults completed the questionnaire and measurements. After excluding 16 frail participants, 149 (75.3%) were pre-frailty. The mean age of participants was 75.4 ± 5.4 years, and 69.7% (138) of participants were women. There were 54 (27.3%) participants with high visceral fat area. The multivariable model showed that participants with high visceral fat area were at increased risk for pre-frailty (adjusted OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.26 − 7.87; P = 0.014), even after adjusted for age, sex, health status, and impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions This study suggests that the association between visceral fat accumulation and pre-frailty may help to identify a new target for prevention. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine their mechanisms in older adults.
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COVID-19 pandemic and the international classification of functioning in multiple system atrophy: a cross-sectional, nationwide survey in Japan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14163. [PMID: 35986084 PMCID: PMC9389480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the magnitude of and risk factors for the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) in patients with multiple system atrophy (PwMSA). The study was part of a cross-sectional, nationwide, multipurpose mail survey for Japanese PwMSA from October to December, 2020. The primary outcome was the impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on ICF functioning, consisting of body function, activity, and participation. Age, sex, disease type, disease duration, and dwelling place were asked as participants’ characteristics, and the multiple system impairment questionnaire (MSIQ), patient health questionnaire-2, modified rankin scale, barthel index, life-space assessment (LSA), and EuroQoL were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for a worse function score due to the COVID-19 pandemic for each ICF functioning domain. A total of 155 patients (mean age 65.6 [SD 8.1] years; 43.9% women; mean disease duration 8.0 [SD 6.2] years; 65% MSA with cerebellar ataxia, 13% MSA with parkinsonism, 9% MSA with predominant autonomic features) were analyzed. Of the ICF functioning domains, the respondents reported that the early COVID-19 pandemic affected body function in 17.4%, activity in 17.6%, and participation in 46.0%. The adjusted multivariate model identified MSIQ and LSA as the two variables that independently contributed to all domains. The COVID-19 pandemic affected ICF functioning of PwMSA in Japan, and the severity of disease-related impairments and a large daily living space were common risk factors. These results help support the focus on patient characteristics for medical and social welfare support.
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Sasaki S, Sato A, Tanabe Y, Matsuoka S, Adachi A, Kayano T, Yamazaki H, Matsuno Y, Nakano A, Watanabe T. Internet use and physical activity of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in a northern Japanese City. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:688. [PMID: 35986245 PMCID: PMC9390958 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known of whether Internet use is associated with physical activity among socially isolated older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study investigated the association between Internet use and physical activity, and whether this association differs depending on social isolation among community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1048 community-dwelling residents aged 65–90 years. Data were obtained using a self-reported questionnaire in August 2020. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between Internet use and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results Internet use showed a significant association with MVPA (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.06–1.90) after adjusting for age, sex, self-reported socioeconomic status, and other health-related characteristics. When the results were stratified by social participation and living status, Internet use was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of MVPA among participants with no social participation (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.03–3.17) and living with family (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02–1.93). Conclusion Internet use was associated with sufficient physical activity, and this association may differ depending on the social isolation among community-dwelling older adults in Japan.
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The Functional Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in Myogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152291. [PMID: 35892588 PMCID: PMC9332450 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a pivotal organ in humans that maintains locomotion and homeostasis. Muscle atrophy caused by sarcopenia and cachexia, which results in reduced muscle mass and impaired skeletal muscle function, is a serious health condition that decreases life longevity in humans. Recent studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms by which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate skeletal muscle mass and function through transcriptional regulation, fiber-type switching, and skeletal muscle cell proliferation. In addition, lncRNAs function as natural inhibitors of microRNAs and induce muscle hypertrophy or atrophy. Intriguingly, muscle atrophy modifies the expression of thousands of lncRNAs. Therefore, although their exact functions have not yet been fully elucidated, various novel lncRNAs associated with muscle atrophy have been identified. Here, we comprehensively review recent knowledge on the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, we discuss the issues and possibilities of targeting lncRNAs as a treatment for skeletal muscle atrophy and muscle wasting disorders in humans.
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Hotta K, Muller-Delp J. Microvascular Adaptations to Muscle Stretch: Findings From Animals and the Elderly. Front Physiol 2022; 13:939459. [PMID: 35860661 PMCID: PMC9289226 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.939459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcirculation in skeletal muscle is disturbed with advancing aging, causing limited capillary blood flow and exercise incapacity. Muscle stretch has been widely performed in physical therapy, sports medicine, and health promotion. However, the effect of stretch on microvascular reactivity and muscle blood flow remains unknown. This review focuses on stretch-induced microvascular adaptations based on evidence from cultured cells, small animals, and human studies. Vascular endothelium senses and responds to mechanical stimuli including stretch. This endothelial mechanotransduction potentially plays a vital role in the stretch-induced microvascular adaptation alongside hypoxia. Aging impairs microvascular endothelial function, but muscle stretch has the potential to restore it. Muscle stretch may be an alternative to improve vascular function and enhance exercising blood flow, especially for those who have difficulties in participating in exercise due to medical, functional, or psychological reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hotta
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuki Hotta,
| | - Judy Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Aging and the COVID-19 pandemic: The inter-related roles of biology, physical wellbeing, social norms and global health systems. Maturitas 2022; 167:99-104. [PMCID: PMC9328837 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Influence of Discontinuation of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Elderly Outpatients Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060194. [PMID: 35735824 PMCID: PMC9225516 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has restricted people’s activities and necessitated the discontinuation of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs for outpatients. In our hospital, CR for outpatients had to be discontinued for 3 months. We investigated the influence of this discontinuation of CR on physical activity, body composition, and dietary intake in cardiovascular outpatients. Method: Seventy-eight outpatients who restarted CR were investigated. We measured body composition, balance test, stage of locomotive syndrome, and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) results at restart and 3 months later. We also investigated the results of examination that were obtained before discontinuation. Results: With regard to baseline characteristics, the percentage of male was 62.7% (n = 49), and average age and body mass index were 74.1 ± 8.5 years and 24.9 ± 7.0 kg/m2, respectively. Stage of locomotive syndrome and the results of FFQ did not change significantly. The one-leg standing time with eyes open test significantly worsened at restart (p < 0.001) and significantly improved 3 months later (p = 0.007). With regard to body composition, all limb muscle masses were decreased at restart and decreased even further 3 months later. Conclusions: Discontinuation of CR influenced standing balance and limb muscle mass. While the restart of CR may improve a patient’s balance, more time is required for additional daily physical activities. The recent pandemic-related interruption of CR should inspire the development of alternatives that could ensure the continuity of CR in a future crisis.
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Yamada M, Arai H. Recovery from or progression to frailty during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:681-682. [PMID: 35715977 PMCID: PMC9349631 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Yamada
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Ono T, Fujii K, Asakawa Y. Changes in Going Out after Lifting a Stay-At-Home Order and Decreases of Higher-Level Functional Capacities. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2022.2088917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takazumi Ono
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Japan
- Rehappy Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujii
- Aijinkai Rehabilitation Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yasuyosi Asakawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Arakawa, Japan
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Effects of Two Short-Term Aerobic Exercises on Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults during COVID-19 Confinement in Japan: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106202. [PMID: 35627740 PMCID: PMC9140575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise improves executive function-which tends to decline with age-and dual-task training with aerobic exercise improves the global cognitive function. However, home-based older adults could not follow these programs due to social isolation during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Therefore, we conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial with 88 healthy older adults without dementia or sarcopenia who were randomly assigned into the Nordic walking (aerobic exercise), dance (dual-task training with aerobic exercise), or control group. The participants in both exercise intervention groups trained for 30 min, three times per week, for 4 weeks. All groups consumed amino acid-containing foods three times per week. We found that both exercise intervention groups showed improvements in executive function, while the dance group showed additional improvement in global cognitive function. The dance group showed a higher maximum gait speed, greater improvement in imitation ability, and improved executive function and cognitive function than the Nordic walking group. The intervention programs did not significantly affect the muscle mass or muscle output than the control group; however, both programs improved the participant neurological functions such as the heel lift, with dance training being the most effective intervention. In conclusion, dance training effectively improves cognitive function.
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Kimura Y, Akasaka H, Takahashi T, Yasumoto S, Kamide K, Ikebe K, Kabayama M, Kasuga A, Rakugi H, Gondo Y. Factors Related to Preventive Behaviors against a Decline in Physical Fitness among Community-Dwelling Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106008. [PMID: 35627545 PMCID: PMC9141717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Older adults face the concern of developing frailty and sarcopenia due to an inactive lifestyle during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to reveal the preventive behaviors taken by older adults who perceived a decline in physical fitness during COVID-19 and analyze the background factors which promoted such behaviors using a qualitative study design in 2020. The participants were recruited through the cohort study of Japanese older adults who were aged 79–81 and had not been diagnosed with sarcopenia previously in 2019 and perceived their physical fitness to have declined during the pandemic. The interviews of 19 participants were analyzed using thematic analysis. The participants engaged in five types of preventive behaviors to counter declining physical fitness: “walking”, “exercising at home”, “improving daily diet”, “maintaining a daily routine”, and “taking a good rest”. Four themes were extracted pertaining to backgrounds of such preventive behaviors: “feeling anxiety and mental pressure”, “available networks with family and neighbors”, “prior experiences of behaviors”, and “access to information”. Anxiety due to lifestyle changes during the pandemic was the primary reason for the behaviors. This study can be a useful guide for undertaking possible measures to prevent frailty during future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kimura
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-8080
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (H.A.); (H.R.)
| | - Toshihito Takahashi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology, and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.T.); (K.I.)
| | - Saori Yasumoto
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Kei Kamide
- Department of Health Promotion System Science, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology, and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (T.T.); (K.I.)
| | - Mai Kabayama
- Department of Health Promotion System Science, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Ayaka Kasuga
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (H.A.); (H.R.)
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.K.); (Y.G.)
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Maeoka R, Nakagawa I, Saeki K, Nakase H, Ohnishi H. Decline in the Incidence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Retrospective Single-Center Descriptive Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:865969. [PMID: 35645974 PMCID: PMC9137406 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.865969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced restrictions on social activities in some areas. There has also been a decrease in the number of trauma patients in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a traumatic disorder that often develops following head injury. We therefore investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CSDH. In this retrospective single-center descriptive study from April 2018 through September 2021, there were 5,282 head trauma patients and 196 patients with CSDH in the pre-pandemic group compared to 4,459 head trauma patients and 140 patients with CSDH in the intra-pandemic group. Significant decreases in the incidence rate (IR) of head trauma (951/100,000 vs. 795/100,000 person-years; IR ratio (IRR): 0.836, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.803–0.870, p < 0.001) and also in the IR of CSDH (35.0/100,000 vs. 24.8/100,000 person-years, IRR: 0.708, 95% CI: 0.570–0.879, p = 0.002) were seen in the intra-pandemic group compared to the pre-pandemic group. In this study, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significant decreases in the IRs of head trauma and CSDH due to forced restrictions on social activities. Besides, the IR of mild cases of CSDH was significantly lower in the intra-pandemic group than in the pre-pandemic group (IRR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.89, p = 0.006). Fewer people being out in communities should result in fewer chances for head trauma and CSDH. On the other hand, forced restrictions on social activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic should aggravate CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Maeoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohnishi Neurological Center, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryosuke Maeoka
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ohnishi Neurological Center, Hyogo, Japan
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Son BK, Imoto T, Inoue T, Nishimura T, Tanaka T, Iijima K. Social Detachment Influenced Muscle Mass and Strength during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Women. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:231-235. [PMID: 35441202 PMCID: PMC8795718 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Social detachment due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a decline in physical activity, leading to sarcopenia and frailty in older adults. This study aimed to compare muscle mass, strength, and function values in older women before and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Furthermore, changes in muscle measures across women who experienced different levels of impact on their social participation due to the COVID-19 pandemic were examined. Muscle mass (total, trunk, and appendicular muscle), grip strength, oral motor skills, social interactions (social network and participation), and social support were assessed in 46 Japanese community-dwelling older women (mean, 77.5 y; range 66-93 y) before and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trunk muscle mass significantly decreased after the first wave of the pandemic. When comparing changed values between the enhanced/maintained and reduced group during the pandemic, significant group difference was observed in trunk muscular mass, grip strength, and oral motor skills. Intriguingly, those who enhanced social participation had a positive change of grip strength values, showing that social participation might influence muscle function during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Son
- Son BK, PhD., Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Phone: 81 3 5800 6534, Fax: 81 3 5800 8837, E-mail:
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Choudhury R, Park JH, Thiamwong L, Xie R, Stout JR. Objectively Measured Physical Activity Levels and Associated Factors in Older US Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study (Preprint). JMIR Aging 2022; 5:e38172. [PMID: 35994346 PMCID: PMC9400844 DOI: 10.2196/38172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renoa Choudhury
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Joon-Hyuk Park
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Disability, Aging and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ladda Thiamwong
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Dove A, Guo J, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Vetrano DL, Fratiglioni L, Xu W. Association between social isolation and reduced mental well-being in Swedish older adults during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of cardiometabolic diseases. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2462-2474. [PMID: 35294400 PMCID: PMC9004574 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation has been recommended as a strategy for reducing COVID-19 risk, but it may have unintended consequences for mental well-being. We explored the relationship between social isolation and symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and assessed the role of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in this association. Between May and September 2020, 1,190 older adults from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen were surveyed about their behaviors and health consequences during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 913 (76.7%) participants reported socially isolating at home to avoid infection during this period. Social isolation was associated with a greater likelihood of reduced mental well-being (i.e., feelings of depression or anxiety) (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.15-2.65). In joint exposure analysis, there was a significant likelihood of reduced mental well-being only among people who were socially isolating and had CMDs (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.22-3.71) (reference: not isolating, CMD-free). In conclusion, social isolation as a COVID-19 prevention strategy was related to reduced mental well-being in an urban sample of Swedish older adults, especially among individuals with CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dove
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jie Guo
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Liborio Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weili Xu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lefferts EC, Saavedra JM, Song BK, Lee DC. Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061568. [PMID: 35329894 PMCID: PMC8952771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the COVID-19 pandemic has long-lasting effects on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in the vulnerable older adult population is uncertain. A total of 387 older adults (75 ± 6 years) completed a retrospective questionnaire on time spent sitting, walking, and performing aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA before, during the first three months, and one year into the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether the participants met the aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA guidelines was then determined. Of the 387 older adults, 376 (97%) were vaccinated. The participants completed 361 ± 426, 293 ± 400, and 454 ± 501 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic PA before, during the first three months, and one year into the pandemic, respectively. During the same time periods, the participants performed muscle-strengthening PA 87 ± 157, 68 ± 163, and 90 ± 176 min/week, walked 2.4 ± 1.7, 2.3 ± 1.7, and 2.6 ± 1.9 h/day, and sat 6.2 ± 2.9, 7.4 ± 3.1, and 6.1 ± 2.9 h/day, respectively. Aerobic PA, muscle-strengthening PA, and walking time decreased, whereas sitting time increased, during the first three months of the pandemic (p < 0.05), and then returned to pre-pandemic levels after one year (p < 0.05). The percentage of participants meeting both aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA guidelines decreased during the first three months of the pandemic (48.9% to 33.5%, p < 0.001), but returned to pre-pandemic levels one year later (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased PA and increased sitting time in older adults; however, both PA and sitting time returned to pre-pandemic levels after one year.
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Oliveira MR, Sudati IP, Konzen VDM, de Campos AC, Wibelinger LM, Correa C, Miguel FM, Silva RN, Borghi-Silva A. Covid-19 and the impact on the physical activity level of elderly people: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2022; 159:111675. [PMID: 34954282 PMCID: PMC8695515 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social isolation and lifestyle changes provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic have negatively affected the level of physical activity of the elderly people. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the available evidence related to the level of physical activity (PA) of elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This is a systematic review, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021241116), which included cross-sectional and cohort studies. Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases were used to search for the studies. Finally, the New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale was used to measure the quality of the studies. RESULTS 25 studies were found, being 14 cross-sectional and 11 cohort studies. The studies showed that the elderly population was highly affected in relation to the level of physical activity and lifestyle during restrictions, quarantine and lockdowns caused by the COVID-19. There was a significant reduction in physical activity levels, leading to declines in physical fitness and increased sedentary lifestyle, factors directly related to the increase in frailty in this population. CONCLUSION The level of physical activity in the elderly population decreased during the quarantine period of COVID-19 worldwide. Strategies to maintain physical condition must be encouraged with physical exercises that meets the needs of the elderly in the current pandemic scenario, in order to maintain and improve the health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Clisman Correa
- Lutheran University of Brazil, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Kyan A, Takakura M. Socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity among Japanese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health 2022; 207:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kinoshita K, Satake S, Arai H. Impact of Frailty on Dietary Habits among Community-Dwelling Older Persons during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:109-114. [PMID: 35122098 PMCID: PMC8607062 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in reduced physical activity and social interaction. These restrictions may have affected the food intake habits of frail older people more than non-frail older people. Objectives To investigate the association between frailty and change in dietary habit during the pandemic. Design Cross-sectional mail survey Setting Community-based Participants The study questionnaire was mailed to 4,436 older residents of Higashiura, Aich Japan, who were aged ≥75 years and who did not need care as of April 1, 2020. Of these, 2,738 participants provided complete answers to the questionnaires (75–96 years old, 49.3% males). Measurements The participants’ frailty status and changes in food consumption during social isolation were assessed. Frailty status was assessed using the five-item frailty screening index (i.e., weight loss, low physical function, low physical activity, cognition, and exhaustion). Any participant who reported an increase or a decrease in ≥1 of the 12 food categories was defined as having change in dietary habit. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of frailty for changes in diet were estimated by adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and living alone. In each of the 12 food categories, the proportion of participants with increased and decreased food intake was compared between the groups. Results Among the participants, 470 (17.2%) were frail, and 1,097 (40.1%) experienced a change in dietary habit under social restriction. The adjusted OR (95% CI) of the frail group for a change in dietary habit was 2.01 (1.63–2.47, p<0.001). Participants with decreased consumption of meat, fish, seaweed and mushroom, and fruits and those with increased consumption of eggs, bread, and noodles tended to be frail. Conclusion The nutritional intervention for frail older people should be strengthened during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kinoshita
- Shosuke Satake, Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan, Phone: +81-0562-46-2311, Fax: +81-0562-46-2373,
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D’Oliveira A, De Souza LC, Langiano E, Falese L, Diotaiuti P, Vilarino GT, Andrade A. Home Physical Exercise Protocol for Older Adults, Applied Remotely During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for Randomized and Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2022; 13:828495. [PMID: 35185739 PMCID: PMC8855123 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.828495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) at the beginning of 2020, considered a public health emergency due to its high transmission rate and lack of specific treatment, led many countries to adhere to social isolation. Although necessary, social isolation causes important psychological changes, negatively affecting the health of the population, including the older population. The aim of this study is to propose a 4-week, home-based physical exercise protocol for older people in social isolation and evaluate whether will promote positive changes in psychological variables such as anxiety, mood, depression, and stress, and in the variables sleep, quality of life, and physical capacities in the older adults. The sample will be selected in a probabilistic way from individuals aged 60 years or more from the city of Itajaí (Santa Catarina, Brazil). Of these, half will perform a home-based resistance training protocol, with 3 weekly sessions, for 4 consecutive weeks. For group allocation, patients will be randomized with a computer-generated 1:1 allocation to the physical exercise (PE) group or control group. Outcomes will be depressive symptoms, sleep quality, quality of life, stress, mood states, anxiety, and functional capacity, evaluated at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 15 days of follow-up. This study will offer a home-based exercise protocol for older adults, with load progression and remote monitoring, thus filling a gap in the provision of PE in this population. The results will be able to identify possible improvements not only in physical health, but also in quality of life and mental health. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial registration was carried out in the Brazil Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-5qh6f3v). (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5qh6f3v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson D’Oliveira
- Health and Sports Science Center – CEFID/Santa Catarina State University, UDESC, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology – LAPE, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Loiane Cristina De Souza
- Health and Sports Science Center – CEFID/Santa Catarina State University, UDESC, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology – LAPE, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Elisa Langiano
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health/University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Lavinia Falese
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health/University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health/University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Guilherme Torres Vilarino
- Health and Sports Science Center – CEFID/Santa Catarina State University, UDESC, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology – LAPE, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Andrade
- Health and Sports Science Center – CEFID/Santa Catarina State University, UDESC, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology – LAPE, Florianópolis, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alexandro Andrade,
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Saldanha MF, Moraes END, Santos RRD, Jansen AK. Incidência de fragilidade e fatores associados à piora funcional na pessoa idosa longeva durante pandemia da covid-19: Estudo de Coorte. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562022025.220077.pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a incidência de fragilidade na pessoa idosa longeva, durante a pandemia da covid–19 e identificar as associações entre os domínios do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional (IVCF -20) e a fragilização. Métodos Estudo de coorte com 64 pessoas idosas longevas previamente não frágeis, avaliados em dois momentos: na linha de base, até um ano antes do início da pandemia e no seguimento, com uma média de intervalo entre os dois momentos de 15 meses. A fragilidade foi avaliada por meio do VS – Frailty (linha de base) e aplicação remota do IVCF-20 (seguimento). Resultados A idade média foi de 88,7±5 anos e a incidência de fragilidade de 20,6%. As pessoas idosas que fragilizaram apresentaram maior dependência em: deixar de fazer compras (p<0,001), deixar de controlar o próprio dinheiro (p<0,001) e deixar de fazer trabalhos domésticos (p=0,010), assim como em: deixar de tomar banho sozinho (p=0,041). A piora da cognição foi mais presente nos idosos que fragilizaram. A presença de desânimo, tristeza ou desesperança foi elevada (92,3%) e teve associação com a fragilização (p<0,001). Na análise multivariada, a fragilização esteve associada com piora do esquecimento (RR=2,39; IC95% 1,27-4,46), perda de interesse e prazer na realização de atividades (RR=4,94; IC95% 1,98-12,35) e incontinência esfincteriana (RR=2,40; IC95% 2.91-1,53). Conclusões A incidência de fragilização entre as pessoas idosas longevas durante a pandemia foi alta. Identificou-se que mais de um domínio foi afetado o que reforça a necessidade de avaliação da pessoa idosa em sua integralidade, sobretudo em períodos atípicos como o vivenciado.
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78
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Maruyama Y. Change in static standing balance ability of community-residing elderly females after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:183-186. [PMID: 35291472 PMCID: PMC8918099 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the changes in the balance ability of
community-residing elderly females between 2017 and 2020. [Participants and Methods] The
participants included 202 females with ≥65 years of age (average age, 78.3 ± 5.88 years),
living independently in the community and attending the salon. The balance ability was
measured through a one-legged standing test by keeping the participants’ eyes open. The
measurement duration was a maximum of 120 s while standing still. Each participant
underwent the measurement twice, and the best attempt was recorded. The survey period was
from 2017 to 2020, and the measurements were conducted once a year. [Results] The 2020
records showed a statistically significant difference compared to those of the other
3 years. The degree of decline was higher in the old-old than that in the young-old.
[Conclusion] The balance ability of the elderly females was found to reduce significantly
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, supporting physical activities in the old-old
females is necessary to improve their balance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Maruyama
- Tokai Gakuen University Miyoshi Campus: 21-233 Nishinohora, Ukigai, Miyoshi, Aichi 470-0207, Japan
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79
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Maezawa K, Nozawa M, Sano K, Maruyama Y, Sugimoto M, Ishijima M. Effects of social isolation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on hip muscle strength, hip joint pain, and walking ability in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joint. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 48:224-228. [PMID: 36283146 PMCID: PMC9595286 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 virus, governments in many countries adopted a social isolation strategy. However, social isolation may adversely affect people's health, e.g., by decreasing the muscle function of lower limbs. We recruited 118 patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 87 patients with moderate to severe hip joint osteoarthritis (OA) and measured hip muscle strength, hip joint pain, and walking ability from before to one year after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, hip flexion (straight leg raise, SLR) strength decreased in 13.1% of patients in the post-THA group and 25.6% in the severe-OA group; in the severe-OA group, the decrease in SLR strength was mainly in patients aged 65 years and older. In addition, pain increased to mild or moderate and walkable distance decreased in more patients in the severe-OA group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Maezawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu city, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan,Corresponding author at: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Address: 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu City, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nozawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, 3-1-10 Takanodai, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, 177-8521, Japan
| | - Kei Sano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu city, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu city, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Munehiko Sugimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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80
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Wang Y, Li C, Ma Y, Zheng F, Xie W. Associations of physical activity participation trajectories with subsequent motor function declines and incident frailty: A population-based cohort study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:939310. [PMID: 36386976 PMCID: PMC9644212 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.939310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining physical function and delaying frailty are of significant importance in both quality of life and health longevity for successful aging. The objective of this study is to investigate whether different trajectories of long-term physical activity (PA) participation are associated with subsequent motor function declines and incident frailty in middle-aged and elderly adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 8,227 aged ≥ 50 years adults enrolled in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging were analyzed. Long-term PA participation trajectories were assessed using group-based trajectory modeling over the first 6-year period from wave 1 (2002-2003) to wave 4 (2008-2009). The longitudinal associations of PA trajectories with motor function declines and incident frailty were evaluated by a linear mixed model and Cox regression model, respectively, with follow-up of 10 years from wave 4 to wave 9 (2018-2019). RESULTS Five distinct trajectories of long-term PA participation were identified in the aging cohort, including persistently low-active trajectory (N = 2,039), increasing active trajectory (N = 1,711), declining active trajectory (N = 216), persistently moderate-active trajectory (N = 2,254), and persistently high-active trajectory (N = 2,007). Compared with the persistently low-active group, the participants in persistently moderate- and high-active groups experienced significantly decelerated grip strength decline, decreased gait speed decline, and faster chair rises after multiple-adjustment. Similarly, participants maintaining moderate- and high-active PA were also associated with a lower risk of incident frailty (multiple-adjusted hazard ratio: 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.62-0.80, and 0.42, 95% CI: 0.36-0.49, respectively), compared with those with persistently low PA. Notably, the participants with the increasing active trajectory got similar health benefits as those with persistently moderate and high levels of PA. CONCLUSION In addition to persistent PA, increasing PA was linked to a slower decline in motor function and lower risk of incident frailty in the cohort. Our findings suggest that regular PA is never too late.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Hospital of Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfan Zheng
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wuxiang Xie
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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81
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Saldanha MF, Moraes END, Santos RRD, Jansen AK. Incidence of frailty and factors associated with functional deterioration in oldest old during the covid-19 pandemic: A cohort study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562022025.220077.en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective To assess the incidence of frailty in oldest old during the covid-19 pandemic and to evaluate the associations between the domains of the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index (IVCF -20) and frailty. Methods A cohort study of 64 non-frail oldest old was conducted. Participants were evaluated at two timepoints: at baseline up to one year before the onset of the pandemic; and at follow-up, with an average interval between the two timepoints of 15 months. Frailty was assessed using the VS – Frailty (baseline) and remote application of the IVCF-20 (follow-up). Results Mean participant age was 88.7±5 years and the incidence of frailty was 20.6%. Frail participants exhibited greater dependence shopping (p<0.001), controlling their own money (p<0.001) and doing housework (p=0.010), as well as bathing alone (p=0.041). Cognitive decline was more prevalent in the frail individuals. The presence of despondency sadness or hopelessness proved high (92.3%) and was associated with frailty (p<0.001). On the multivariate analysis, frailty was associated with worsening forgetfulness (RR=2.39; 95%CI 1.27-4.46), loss of interest and pleasure in performing activities (RR=4.94; 95%CI 1.98-12.35) and fecal/urinary incontinence (RR=2.40; 95%CI 2.91-1.53). Conclusions
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Suzumura S, Ito K, Narukawa R, Takano E, Satoh K, Ueda T, Kondo I. Effect on Physical Functions of Older Adults When Refraining from Going out due to COVID-19 Restrictions. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2022; 12. [PMCID: PMC9774067 DOI: 10.1134/s2079057022040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of refraining from going out during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical function in community-dwelling older adults. The study included 49 patients who underwent home-visit rehabilitation. Four parameters of physical function—grip strength, five-times sit-to-stand test, single-leg stance test, and standing test for imbalance and disequilibrium (SIDE)—were assessed. They were evaluated before (March 2020) and after (May 2020) the state emergency was imposed, and the results were compared. The grip strength decreased significantly. A significant difference was also observed in the proportion of different SIDE levels in the study group before and after the implementation of the state emergency. The number of SIDE 2a or lower patients increased during the state emergency (p < 0.001). Comprehensive community support and rehabilitation are necessary to maintain physical function in older individuals. In particular, we believe that there is a need to utilize remote rehabilitation using digital devices (such as internet-based guidance) so that older adults can continue to exercise at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Suzumura
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, 470-1192 Toyoake City, Aichi Japan ,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 474-8511 Obu City, Aichi Japan
| | - K. Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 474-8511 Obu City, Aichi Japan
| | - R. Narukawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 474-8511 Obu City, Aichi Japan
| | - E. Takano
- Assistive Robotics Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 474-8511 Obu City, Aichi Japan
| | - K. Satoh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 474-8511 Obu City, Aichi Japan
| | - T. Ueda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 474-8511 Obu City, Aichi Japan
| | - I. Kondo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 474-8511 Obu City, Aichi Japan
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83
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Kasuga A, Yasumoto S, Nakagawa T, Ishioka Y, Kikuchi A, Inagaki H, Ogawa M, Hori N, Masui Y, Choe H, Muto H, Kabayama M, Godai K, Ikebe K, Kamide K, Ishizaki T, Gondo Y. Older Adults' Resilience Against Impact of Lifestyle Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221116226. [PMID: 35937277 PMCID: PMC9350500 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221116226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults were expected to experience a decline in physical activities and an increase in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We investigated the changes in living conditions of 508 older adults (79.70 years ± 0.88) before (from July to December 2019) and during (in August 2020) the pandemic. We compared the mean score for the same individual instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), frequency of going out, exercise, and social interaction at two-time points. We also examined the influence of living arrangement (living alone or not) on the frequency of exercise and social interaction. Results The frequency of going out decreased during the pandemic (in 2020); however, there was no significant change in IADL. The frequency of exercise and social interaction increased irrespective of the living arrangement. The frequency of exercise increased more in those living alone. Conclusions Although older adults refrained from going out, they compensated for the risks of inactivity in daily life by increasing or maintaining their frequency of exercise and social interactions. The view that "older adults have a poor ability to accommodate the lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic" may be a stereotypical assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Hori
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Japan
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84
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COVID-19-Related Lifestyle Changes among Community-Dwelling Older Adult Day-Care Users: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010256. [PMID: 35010515 PMCID: PMC8750638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, the community-based comprehensive care system is an important initiative. The purpose of this study was to understand COVID-19-related lifestyle changes experienced by older adults who lived in communities and used day-care services. Using a qualitative inductive research method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 older adults who used day-care services in Kyoto City, which assessed lifestyle changes before and after the spread of COVID-19 during March-April 2021. The extracted lifestyle change codes were classified into six categories and 16 subcategories. The data revealed that older adults felt socially isolated and experienced multiple changes in their lives, including limited leisure activities, changes in roles, decreased interpersonal interaction with family and acquaintances, poor diet and sleep quality, and reduced attention to personal appearance and grooming. The findings suggest that during COVID-19, older adults had difficulty adapting to the various changes in their lives and showed a decline in physical and mental functioning. Thus, it is important for day-care facilities to create sustainable spaces in response to the various care needs of community-dwelling older adults whose lifestyles have changed as a result of the COVID-19 situation.
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85
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Yamada M, Arai H. Implication of frailty and disability prevention measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:242-246. [PMID: 34901692 PMCID: PMC8653388 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Yamada
- Faculty of Human Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Obu Japan
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86
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Markotegi M, Irazusta J, Sanz B, Rodriguez-Larrad A. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical and psychoaffective health of older adults in a physical exercise program. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111580. [PMID: 34601075 PMCID: PMC8492068 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns restricted physical activity levels for individuals in many countries. In particular, older adults experienced limited access to their usual activities, including physical exercise programs. How such restrictions and interruptions in physical exercise programs might impact the physical and mental health of older adults has not yet been studied. We sought to analyse changes in the physical and mental health of older adults enrolled in a group-based multicomponent physical exercise (MPE) program that was interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We followed 17 participants of this program from October 2018 to October 2020, including the interruption of the program during the pandemic. The MPE program included strength, balance, and stretching exercises. We compared anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters, physical fitness, frailty, quality of life, and psychoaffective status of participants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most parameters followed the same pattern, improving after 8 months of the first MPE season (Oct. 2018-Jun. 2019), worsening after 4 months of summer rest, improving from October 2019 to January 2020 in the second MPE season (Oct. 2019-Jan. 2020), and severely worsening after 7 months of program interruption. We show that an MPE program has clear benefits to the physical and psychoaffective health of older adults, and interruption of these programs could adversely impact participants. These results highlight the need to maintain physical exercise programs or facilitate engagement in physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in older adults, particularly in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Markotegi
- Fundación Siel Bleu, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Begoña Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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87
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Costantini H. COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy of Family Carers for Their Older Parents in Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1038. [PMID: 34442175 PMCID: PMC8393727 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9081038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In super-ageing Japan, COVID-19 vaccinations were starting to reach older people as of June 2021, which raises the issue of vaccine literacy. This study focuses on family members who work and also care for their older parents, as they are at risk of COVID-19 and also risk transmitting COVID-19 to the parents they care for and potentially influencing their parents' vaccine uptake. Such family carers are central to the approach in Japan to achieving a sustainable and resilient society in response to ageing. Contrasting family carers' COVID-19 vaccine literacy with their overall health literacy provides insights into their preparedness for COVID-19 vaccinations. The purpose of this study is to understand how vaccine literacy, compared to health literacy, varies across family carers and the sources of information they use. Through a cross-sectional online survey, family carers' vaccine literacy, health literacy and their sources of information, including mass media, social media, health and care professionals, family, colleagues, friends, and others, were assessed. The participants' (n = 292) mean age was 53, with 44% women, and an average of 8.3 h per week caring for their parents. Notwithstanding the increased risks from COVID-19 with age, COVID-19 vaccine literacy relative to health literacy for older family carers is lower on average, higher with increased provision of care, and more variable, resulting in a substantial proportion of older family carers with relatively low vaccine literacy. At this stage of vaccine rollout in Japan, family carers' sources of information to inform COVID-19 vaccine literacy is distinct, including more national and local mass media versus less health and care professionals and informal networks, which indicates the importance of tailored health communication strategies to enhance vaccine literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Costantini
- Observatoire Sociologique du Changement (OSC), Sciences Po and Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK
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88
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Yamada M, Arai H. Does the COVID-19 pandemic robustly influence the incidence of frailty? Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21:754-755. [PMID: 34216187 PMCID: PMC8444923 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Yamada
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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