51
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Yong C, Li Y, Bi T, Chen G, Zheng D, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Research Progress on the Synthesis and Activity of D-Galactose Derived Small Galectin Inhibitors. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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52
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Tse Sum Bui B, Haupt K. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Hydrogel Nanoparticles: Synthetic Antibodies for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100598. [PMID: 34873807 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) accounted for 10 million deaths in 2020. Promising theranostic (therapy and diagnostic) agents in the treatment of cancer are nanomaterials, which have come to the forefront because of their small size approaching those of protein complexes in the human body, and of their easy functionalization giving access to nanocomposite materials with diverse functions (fluorescence, magnetic, stimuli-responsiveness, etc.), and improved biocompatibility. Among them, affinity nanoparticles, often decorated with highly specific targeting ligands such as antibodies, aptamers, lectins and peptides, have enabled enhanced binding and exquisite recognition of biomarkers overexpressed in cancer cells. In this review, we describe an emerging class of targeting ligands, molecularly imprinted polymer hydrogel nanoparticles for their application in the early detection of disease, with the aim to improve diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Karsten Haupt
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
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53
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Yaman ME, Avci I, Atila NE, Atila A, Kayili HM, Salih B. Characterization of serum N-glycome alterations in seasonal allergic rhinitis using MALDI-TOF-MS: A pilot study. J Carbohydr Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.2009502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emrah Yaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Izzet Avci
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihal Efe Atila
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alptug Atila
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Haci Mehmet Kayili
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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54
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Algal and Cyanobacterial Lectins and Their Antimicrobial Properties. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120687. [PMID: 34940686 PMCID: PMC8707200 DOI: 10.3390/md19120687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with a remarkably high affinity and specificity for carbohydrates. Many organisms naturally produce them, including animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, archaea, and viruses. The present report focuses on lectins produced by marine or freshwater organisms, in particular algae and cyanobacteria. We explore their structure, function, classification, and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, we look at the expression of lectins in heterologous systems and the current research on the preclinical and clinical evaluation of these fascinating molecules. The further development of these molecules might positively impact human health, particularly the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, influenza, and severe acute respiratory coronaviruses, among others.
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55
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Boffoli D, Bellato F, Avancini G, Gurnani P, Yilmaz G, Romero M, Robertson S, Moret F, Sandrelli F, Caliceti P, Salmaso S, Cámara M, Mantovani G, Mastrotto F. Tobramycin-loaded complexes to prevent and disrupt Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1788-1810. [PMID: 34841492 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based materials are increasingly investigated for a range of applications spanning from healthcare to advanced functional materials. Synthetic glycopolymers are particularly attractive as they possess low toxicity and immunogenicity and can be used as multivalent ligands to target sugar-binding proteins (lectins). Here, we utilised RAFT polymerisation to synthesize two families of novel diblock copolymers consisting of a glycopolymers block containing either mannopyranose or galactopyranose pendant units, which was elongated with sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (AMPS) to generate a polyanionic block. The latter enabled complexation of cationic aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin through electrostatic interactions (loading efficiency in the 0.5-6.3 wt% range, depending on the copolymer). The resulting drug vectors were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential, and transmission electron microscopy. Tobramycin-loaded complexes were tested for their ability to prevent clustering or disrupt biofilm of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-negative bacterium responsible for a large proportion of nosocomial infection, especially in immunocompromised patients. P. aeruginosa possesses two specific tetrameric carbohydrate-binding adhesins, LecA (PA-IL, galactose/N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding) and LecB (PA-IIL, fucose/mannose-binding), and the cell-associated and extracellular adhesin CdrA (Psl/mannose-binding) thus ideally suited for targeted drug delivery using sugar-decorated tobramycin-loaded complexes here developed. Both aliphatic and aromatic linkers were utilised to link the sugar pendant units to the polyacrylamide polymer backbone to assess the effect of the nature of such linkers on bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties of the complexes. Results showed that tobramycin-loaded complexes efficiently suppressed (40 to 60% of inhibition) in vitro biofilm formation in PAO1-L P. aeruginosa and that preferential targeting of PAO1-L biofilm can be achieved using mannosylated glycopolymer-b-AMPSm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Boffoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Bellato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Avancini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Shaun Robertson
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Federica Sandrelli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, Nottingham University Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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56
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Single-molecule imaging of glycan-lectin interactions on cells with Glyco-PAINT. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1281-1288. [PMID: 34764473 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most lectins bind carbohydrate ligands with relatively low affinity, making the identification of optimal ligands challenging. Here we introduce a point accumulation in nanoscale topography (PAINT) super-resolution microscopy method to capture weak glycan-lectin interactions at the single-molecule level in living cells (Glyco-PAINT). Glyco-PAINT exploits weak and reversible sugar binding to directly achieve single-molecule detection and quantification in cells and is used to establish the relative kon and koff rates of a synthesized library of carbohydrate-based probes, as well as the diffusion coefficient of the receptor-sugar complex. Uptake of ligands correlates with their binding affinity and residence time to establish structure-function relations for various synthetic glycans. We reveal how sugar multivalency and presentation geometry can be optimized for binding and internalization. Overall, Glyco-PAINT represents a powerful approach to study weak glycan-lectin interactions on the surface of living cells, one that can be potentially extended to a variety of lectin-sugar interactions.
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57
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The Two Sweet Sides of Janus Lectin Drive Crosslinking of Liposomes to Cancer Cells and Material Uptake. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110792. [PMID: 34822576 PMCID: PMC8620536 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A chimeric, bispecific Janus lectin has recently been engineered with different, rationally oriented recognition sites. It can bind simultaneously to sialylated and fucosylated glycoconjugates. Because of its multivalent architecture, this lectin reaches nanomolar avidities for sialic acid and fucose. The lectin was designed to detect hypersialylation—a dysregulation in physiological glycosylation patterns, which promotes the tumor growth and progression of several cancer types. In this study, the characteristic properties of this bispecific Janus lectin were investigated on human cells by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in order to understand the fundamentals of its interactions. We evaluated its potential in targeted drug delivery, precisely leading to the cellular uptake of liposomal content in human epithelial cancer cells. We successfully demonstrated that Janus lectin mediates crosslinking of glyco-decorated giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and H1299 lung epithelial cells. Strikingly, the Janus lectin induced the internalization of liposomal lipids and also of complete GUVs. Our findings serve as a solid proof of concept for lectin-mediated targeted drug delivery using glyco-decorated liposomes as possible drug carriers to cells of interest. The use of Janus lectin for tumor recognition certainly broadens the possibilities for engineering diverse tailor-made lectin constructs, specifically targeting extracellular structures of high significance in pathological conditions.
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58
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Lamarre M, Tremblay T, Bansept MA, Robitaille K, Fradet V, Giguère D, Boudreau D. A glycan-based plasmonic sensor for prostate cancer diagnosis. Analyst 2021; 146:6852-6860. [PMID: 34623365 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer affects thousands of men who undergo clinical screening tests every year. The main biomarker used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, prostate specific antigen (PSA), presents limitations that justify investigating new biomarkers to improve reliability. Antibodies against the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (Tn), or TACA, develop early in carcinogenesis, making them an interesting alternative as a target for prostate cancer diagnostics. In this work, the Tn antigen was synthesized and immobilized on a surface plasmon resonance sensor coated with a polydopamine/polyethylene oxide mixed layer used both as an anchoring surface for Tn capture moieties and to minimize surface fouling. The sensor could be regenerated and reused at least 60 times without any significant loss in sensitivity. Anti-Tn antibodies were detected in the 0-10 nM concentration range with detection limits of 0.1 and 0.3 nM in spiked buffer solutions and diluted human blood serum samples, respectively. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, this carbohydrate-based sensor was used to successfully discriminate blood serum samples from prostate cancer-free and prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lamarre
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Tremblay
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Marc-Antoine Bansept
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Oncology Division, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Oncology Division, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Institute of nutrition and functional foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center - Nutrition, health and society of Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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59
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Sigal DS, Hermel DJ, Hsu P, Pearce T. The role of Globo H and SSEA-4 in the development and progression of cancer, and their potential as therapeutic targets. Future Oncol 2021; 18:117-134. [PMID: 34734786 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans, chains of sugar molecules found conjugated to cell proteins and lipids, contribute to their growth, movement and differentiation. Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of several medical conditions including tumorigenesis. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), consisting of glycans conjugated to a lipid (ceramide) core, are found in the lipid bilayer of eukaryotic cell membranes. GSLs, play an active role in cell processes. Several GSLs are expressed by human embryonic stem cells and have been found to be overexpressed in several types of cancer. In this review, we discuss the data, hypotheses and perspectives related to the GSLs Globo H and SSEA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren S Sigal
- Director, GI Oncology, Scripps Clinic & Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, 10710 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David J Hermel
- Scripps Clinic & Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center, 10710 N Torrey Pines Road, LA Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pei Hsu
- Medical Advisor, Medical Affairs & Clinical Development, OBI Pharma Inc. 7F, No. 369, Zhongxiao E Road, Nangang District, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tillman Pearce
- Chief Medical Officer, OBI Pharma USA Inc., 6020 Cornerstone Court W, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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60
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Davitashvili E, Burjanadze G, Koshoridze M, Koshoridze N, Tsertsvadze T, Mitskevich N, Tsintsadze O, Karazanashvili G, Solomonia R. Galactose specific lectins from prostate tissue with different pathologies: biochemical and cellular studies. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:443-450. [PMID: 34739688 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins-galactose-specific lectins are involved in various types of cell activities, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, inflammation and cell transformation. Galectins are implicated in prostate malignat transformation. It is not known yet if prostate glands with different grade of pathologies are expressing different galectins and if these galectins express different effects on the cell viability. METHODS Cytosolic galactose-spesific lectin fractions from prostate tissue with different diagnosis were purified by affinity chromatography and analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate. The lectin effects in a source-dependent maner were studied on cell viability on peripheral lymphocytes by MTT reduction method and on apoptosis by flow cytometry method. RESULTS Affinity purified galactose-specific lectins fractions from normal and pathological tissue samples are characterized with different protein composition and they express different effects on cell viability and apoptosis. CONCLUSION The effects of cytosolic galactose-specific lectins depend on the source of lectin fraction (glandular tissue disease). We suppose that the released cytosolic galectins from prostatic high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma tissue could suppress the immune status of the host patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elene Davitashvili
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - George Burjanadze
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Marine Koshoridze
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nana Koshoridze
- Department of Biology, Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Tsertsvadze
- Department of Biology Chair of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nunu Mitskevich
- Department of Biology Chair of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Omar Tsintsadze
- A. Tsulukidze Urology National Center, Pathomorphology Laboratory 1st Clinical Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Revaz Solomonia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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61
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Ershov АY, Martynenkov АА, Lagoda IV, Kopanitsa MA, Zarubaev VV, Slita AV, Buchkov EV, Panarin EF, Yakimansky АV. Gold Glyconanoparticles Based on Aldoses 6-Mercaptohexanoyl Hydrazones and Their Anti-Influenza Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221090188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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62
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Zheng S, Song Q, Zhang P. Metabolic Modifications, Inflammation, and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703681. [PMID: 34631531 PMCID: PMC8497755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has accomplished significant progresses on treatment of various cancers in the past decade; however, recent studies revealed more and more heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment which cause unneglectable therapy resistance. A central phenomenon in tumor malignancy is metabolic dysfunctionality; it reprograms metabolic homeostasis in tumor and stromal cells thus affecting metabolic modifications on specific proteins. These posttranslational modifications include glycosylation and palmitoylation, which usually alter the protein localization, stability, and function. Many of these proteins participate in acute or chronic inflammation and play critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Therefore, targeting these metabolic modifications in immune checkpoints and inflammation provides an attractive therapeutic strategy for certain cancers. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses on metabolic modifications in this field, focus on the mechanisms on how glycosylation and palmitoylation regulate innate immune and inflammation, and we further discuss designing new immunotherapy targeting metabolic modifications. We aim to improve immunotherapy or targeted-therapy response and achieve more accurate individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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63
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Huang Y, Jiang Z. Determination of Saccharides in Honey Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled with Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:705-711. [PMID: 34471929 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Saccharides are one of the most important biomoleculars in the world, which are responsible for various roles in living organisms. In this work, a combined use of mass spectrometry (MS) together with supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was applied for the separation of eight saccharides. A satisfactory separation was achieved within 15 min on a Unitary Diol column using 10 mM ammonium acetate in methanol as mobile phase additive at a temperature of 60°C. Compared to liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS), the SFC-MS presented faster running time and better selectivity. The SFC-MS was validated and applied to the analysis of three saccharides (fructose, glucose and sucrose) present in different honey samples. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of SFC-MS method for fructose, glucose and sucrose were 5.2, 4.5, 7.4 μg/mL and 17.2, 14.9, 24.1 μg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations for intrabatch and interbatch precision were <2.5% and the recoveries ranged from 97.6% to 103.1% for three concentration levels. The values of LODs and LOQs using SFC-MS method were lower (1.5-2.4-fold) than using LC-MS method. The results demonstrated the potential of SFC-MS for fast and sensitive determination of saccharides in honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No.1, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug for Thoracic Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, No.1, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 855, Xingye Avenue East, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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64
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Wilkinson H, Thomsson KA, Rebelo AL, Hilliard M, Pandit A, Rudd PM, Karlsson NG, Saldova R. The O-Glycome of Human Nigrostriatal Tissue and Its Alteration in Parkinson's Disease. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3913-3924. [PMID: 34191522 PMCID: PMC8353623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-Glycosylation changes in misfolded proteins are of particular interest in understanding neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD). This work outlines optimizations of a microwave-assisted nonreductive release to limit glycan degradation and employs this methodology to analyze O-glycosylation on the human striatum and substantia nigra tissue in PD, ILBD, and healthy controls, working alongside well-established reductive release approaches. A total of 70 O-glycans were identified, with ILBD presenting significantly decreased levels of mannose-core (p = 0.017) and glucuronylated structures (p = 0.039) in the striatum and PD presenting an increase in sialylation (p < 0.001) and a decrease in sulfation (p = 0.001). Significant increases in sialylation (p = 0.038) in PD were also observed in the substantia nigra. This is the first study to profile the whole nigrostriatal O-glycome in healthy, PD, and ILBD tissues, outlining disease biomarkers alongside benefits of employing orthogonal techniques for O-glycan analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Wilkinson
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, National Institute for
Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- UCD
School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D07 A8NN, Ireland
| | - Kristina A. Thomsson
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Ana L. Rebelo
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Mark Hilliard
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, National Institute for
Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, National Institute for
Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Niclas G. Karlsson
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
- Department
of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo 0167, Norway
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, National Institute for
Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- UCD
School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D07 A8NN, Ireland
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65
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Chettri D, Boro M, Sarkar L, Verma AK. Lectins: Biological significance to biotechnological application. Carbohydr Res 2021; 506:108367. [PMID: 34130214 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a set of non-enzymatic carbohydrate binding proteins appearing in all domains of life. They function to recognize, interact and bring about reversible binding of a specific sugar moiety present in a molecule. Since glycans are ubiquitous in nature and are an essential part of various biological process, the lectins are been investigated to understand the profile of these versatile but complex glycan molecule. The knowledge gained can be used to explore and streamline the various mechanisms involving glycans and their conjugates. Thus, lectins have gained importance in carbohydrate-protein interactions contributing to the development in the field of glycobiology. This has led to a deeper understanding of the importance of saccharide recognition in life. Since their discovery, the lectins have become a great choice of research in the field of glycobiology and their biological significances have recently received considerable attention in the biocontrol field as well as medical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manswama Boro
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, India.
| | - Lija Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, India.
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Feng L, Gao L, Sauer DF, Ji Y, Cui H, Schwaneberg U. Fe(III)-complex mediated bacterial cell surface immobilization of eGFP and enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4460-4463. [PMID: 33949502 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01575c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile and reversible method to immobilize a broad range of His6-tagged proteins on the E. coli cell surface through Fe(iii)-metal complexes. A His6-tagged eGFP and four His6-tagged enzymes were successfully immobilized on the cell surface. Additionally, a hydrogel sheath around E. coli cells was generated by immobilized His6-tagged HRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Feng
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Liang Gao
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Daniel F Sauer
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Yu Ji
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Haiyang Cui
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, Aachen 52074, Germany. and DWI - Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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67
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Li Y, Li Y, Xia J, Yang Q, Chen Y, Sun H. 3'-Sulfo-TF Antigen Determined by GAL3ST2/ST3GAL1 Is Essential for Antitumor Activity of Fungal Galectin AAL/AAGL. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17379-17390. [PMID: 34278124 PMCID: PMC8280635 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many lectins have been reported to have antitumor activities; identifying the glycan ligands in tumor cells of lectins is crucial for lectin clinical application. An edible mushroom galectin, Agrocybe aegerita lectin (AAL/AAGL), that has a high antitumor activity has been reported. In this paper, based on the glycan array data, it is showed that the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF antigen)-related O-glycans were found to be highly correlated with the antitumor activity of AAL/AAGL. Further glycosyltransferase quantification suggested that the ratio between GAL3ST2 and ST3GAL1 (GAL3ST2/ST3GAL1), which determined the 3'-sulfo-TF expression level, was highly correlated with the antitumor activity of AAL/AAGL. Overexpressing the enzyme of GAL3ST2 in HL60 and HeLa cell lines could increase the growth inhibition ratio of AAL/AAGL from 22.7 to 43.9% and 27.8 to 39.1%, respectively. However, ST3GAL1 in Jurkat cells could decrease the growth inhibition ratio from 44.7 to 35.6%. All the data suggested that the 3'-sulfo-TF antigen is one of the main glycan ligands that AAL/AAGL recognizes in tumor cells. AAL/AAGL may potentially serve as a reagent for cancer diagnosis and a targeted therapy for the 3'-sulfo-TF antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- College
of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430023, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College
of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
- Hubei
Province key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, P. R. China
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Studzian M, Pérez ME, Arias-Pérez MS. Experimental observations on the reductive cleavage of endo and exo 3,4-O-benzylidene fucopyranoside derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2021; 505:108338. [PMID: 34023694 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reductive cleavage of methyl 3,4-O-benzylidene-α-L-fucopyranosides with BH3·THF-TfOH and NaCNBH3-TfOH systems resulted in enhanced reaction rates and selectivity compared to BH3·THF-Bu2BOTf. With this latter system, the nature of the O-2 substituent exerted a clear control on the reactivity but practically did not affect the regioselectivity. With TfOH the direction of cleavage was determined, as expected, by the configuration of the acetal carbon atom, but slightly influenced by its competitive epimerization. Protic conditions provided higher regioselectivity in the openings of the exo isomers, affording a useful approach to the practical synthesis of 3-O-benzyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Studzian
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Elena Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Selma Arias-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Imperio D, Campo F, Panza L. Exploring glycosyl sulphates as donors for chemical glycosylation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4930-4936. [PMID: 33982734 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of anomeric tetrabutylammonium sulphates of glucose and galactose derivatives is reported and their role as donors in glycosylation reactions is studied. Metal triflates showed good performance in activating sulphate as a leaving group. Among them, ytterbium triflate in stoichiometric amounts gave the best results. Basic conditions using barium oxide in combination with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) were also shown to give good results. Benzylated sulphates were much more reactive than benzoylated donors when activated either by ytterbium triflate or by BaO and TMSOTf. Different acceptors were tested, such as isopropanol, cholesterol, and other common sugar derivatives. High reaction rates and excellent glycosylation yields were obtained under mild reaction conditions. The α/β anomeric ratio suggests a predominant SN2-like reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Imperio
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, L.go Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Federica Campo
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, L.go Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Luigi Panza
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, L.go Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Critical angle reflection imaging for quantification of molecular interactions on glass surface. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3365. [PMID: 34099717 PMCID: PMC8185113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of molecular interactions on a surface is typically achieved via label-free techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The sensitivity of SPR originates from the characteristic that the SPR angle is sensitive to the surface refractive index change. Analogously, in another interfacial optical phenomenon, total internal reflection, the critical angle is also refractive index dependent. Therefore, surface refractive index change can also be quantified by measuring the reflectivity near the critical angle. Based on this concept, we develop a method called critical angle reflection (CAR) imaging to quantify molecular interactions on glass surface. CAR imaging can be performed on SPR imaging setups. Through a side-by-side comparison, we show that CAR is capable of most molecular interaction measurements that SPR performs, including proteins, nucleic acids and cell-based detections. In addition, we show that CAR can detect small molecule bindings and intracellular signals beyond SPR sensing range. CAR exhibits several distinct characteristics, including tunable sensitivity and dynamic range, deeper vertical sensing range, fluorescence compatibility, broader wavelength and polarization of light selection, and glass surface chemistry. We anticipate CAR can expand SPR′s capability in small molecule detection, whole cell-based detection, simultaneous fluorescence imaging, and broader conjugation chemistry. Here, the authors present a method for quantifying molecular interactions on a glass surface, based on measuring surface refractive index changes via the reflectivity near the critical angle. They demonstrate tunable sensitivity and dynamic range, deep vertical sensing range, also for intracellular signals.
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Non-carbohydrate strategies to inhibit lectin proteins with special emphasis on galectins. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113561. [PMID: 34146913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a family of glycan-binding proteins, many of which have been established as key targets for therapeutic intervention. They play a central role in many physiological and cellular processes. With the advances in protein crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and computational power over the past couple of decades, the carbohydrate-receptor interactions are now well understood and characterized. Nevertheless, designing efficient carbohydrate inhibitors is a laborious endeavour. They are known to have weak affinities, unsuitable pharmacokinetic properties and highly cumbersome/complex synthetic routes. To circumvent these issues many non-carbohydrate strategies have been reported. Galectins are a sub-family of lectin proteins which have been recognized as crucial targets for a wide variety of diseases. Many candidates targeting galectins are currently in advanced stages of clinical trials. There have been a few reports of non-carbohydrate inhibitors targeting galectins which comprise of peptide-based inhibitors and a recent flourish of heterocyclic inhibitors. In this review, we have briefly highlighted the strategies like fragment-based drug-design and high-throughput screens utilized to identify non-carbohydrate based antagonists for proteins wherein the presence of a sugar was believed to be essential. Additionally, we have described the literature pertaining to non-carbohydrate inhibitors of galectins and how previous reports on rational substitution of a sugar motif could aid in design of heterocyclics that inhibit lectins/galectins. We have concluded with remarks on challenges, gap in our understanding and future perspectives concerned with rational design of non-carbohydrate molecules targeting lectins/galectins.
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Narayan R, Gadag S, Mudakavi RJ, Garg S, Raichur AM, Nayak Y, Kini SG, Pai KSR, Nayak UY. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles capped with chitosan-glucuronic acid conjugate for pH-responsive targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cavalcante T, Medeiros MM, Mule SN, Palmisano G, Stolf BS. The Role of Sialic Acids in the Establishment of Infections by Pathogens, With Special Focus on Leishmania. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671913. [PMID: 34055669 PMCID: PMC8155805 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates or glycans are ubiquitous components of the cell surface which play crucial biological and structural roles. Sialic acids (Sias) are nine-carbon atoms sugars usually present as terminal residues of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface or secreted. They have important roles in cellular communication and also in infection and survival of pathogens. More than 20 pathogens can synthesize or capture Sias from their hosts and incorporate them into their own glycoconjugates and derivatives. Sialylation of pathogens’ glycoconjugates may be crucial for survival inside the host for numerous reasons. The role of Sias in protozoa such as Trypanosoma and Leishmania was demonstrated in previous studies. This review highlights the importance of Sias in several pathogenic infections, focusing on Leishmania. We describe in detail the contributions of Sias, Siglecs (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins) and Neuraminidase 1 (NEU 1) in the course of Leishmania infection. A detailed view on the structural and functional diversity of Leishmania-related Sias and host-cell receptors will be provided, as well as the results of functional studies performed with different Leishmania species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medina Medeiros
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Ngao Mule
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Simonsen Stolf
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Santos JVDO, Porto ALF, Cavalcanti IMF. Potential Application of Combined Therapy with Lectins as a Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050520. [PMID: 34063213 PMCID: PMC8147472 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic monotherapy may become obsolete mainly due to the continuous emergence of resistance to available antimicrobials, which represents a major uncertainty to human health. Taking into account that natural products have been an inexhaustible source of new compounds with clinical application, lectins are certainly one of the most versatile groups of proteins used in biological processes, emerging as a promising alternative for therapy. The ability of lectins to recognize carbohydrates present on the cell surface allowed for the discovery of a wide range of activities. Currently the number of antimicrobials in research and development does not match the rate at which resistance mechanisms emerge to an effective antibiotic monotherapy. A promising therapeutic alternative is the combined therapy of antibiotics with lectins to enhance its spectrum of action, minimize adverse effects, and reduce resistance to treatments. Thus, this review provides an update on the experimental application of antibiotic therapies based on the synergic combination with lectins to treat infections specifically caused by multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also briefly discuss current strategies involving the modulation of the gut microbiota, its implications for antimicrobial resistance, and highlight the potential of lectins to modulate the host immune response against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology Animal, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil;
- Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 55-81-2101-2501
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Sobiepanek A, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Kobiela T. Biophysical characterization of melanoma cell phenotype markers during metastatic progression. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2021; 50:523-542. [PMID: 33730175 PMCID: PMC8190004 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer, with increasing prevalence worldwide. The most common melanoma genetic driver is mutation of the proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase BRAF; thus, the inhibition of its MAP kinase pathway by specific inhibitors is a commonly applied therapy. However, many patients are resistant, or develop resistance to this type of monotherapy, and therefore combined therapies which target other signaling pathways through various molecular mechanisms are required. A possible strategy may involve targeting cellular energy metabolism, which has been recognized as crucial for cancer development and progression and which connects through glycolysis to cell surface glycan biosynthetic pathways. Protein glycosylation is a hallmark of more than 50% of the human proteome and it has been recognized that altered glycosylation occurs during the metastatic progression of melanoma cells which, in turn facilitates their migration. This review provides a description of recent advances in the search for factors able to remodel cell metabolism between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and of changes in specific markers and in the biophysical properties of cells during melanoma development from a nevus to metastasis. This development is accompanied by changes in the expression of surface glycans, with corresponding changes in ligand-receptor affinity, giving rise to structural features and viscoelastic parameters particularly well suited to study by label-free biophysical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sobiepanek
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions Studies, Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tomasz Kobiela
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions Studies, Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
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77
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Zhu Y, Liao JY, Qian L. Isocyanides: Promising Functionalities in Bioorthogonal Labeling of Biomolecules. Front Chem 2021; 9:670751. [PMID: 33996762 PMCID: PMC8117350 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.670751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocyanides have drawn increasing attention in biological applications due to their attractive properties and unique reactivities, which can undergo various reactions, such as multicomponent reactions, α-addition reactions, [4 + 1] cycloaddition reactions, and the reaction scope keeps expanding. In addition to acting as reactants for the preparation of structurally interesting and diverse N-heterocycles or peptidomimetics, this type of functionality may be a good choice in the labeling and modulation of biomolecules due to the high biocompatibility and small size to minimize modifications on the parent molecule. It has been demonstrated that isocyanides can participate in biomolecule labeling through three strategies, including the two-component bioorthogonal reaction, multicomponent reaction, and metal chelation. Among them, the isocyanide-tetrazine reaction has been better studied recently, augmenting the potency of isocyanide as a bioorthogonal handle. This review will focus on the recent progress in isocyanide chemistry for labeling of biomolecules. Meanwhile, methods to introduce isocyano groups into biomacromolecules are also described to facilitate wider applications of this unique functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghui Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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The Immunomodulatory Properties of β-2,6 Fructans: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041309. [PMID: 33921025 PMCID: PMC8071392 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides such as β-2,1-linked fructans including inulin or fructose oligosaccharides are well-known prebiotics with recognised immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, other fructan types covering β-2,6-linked fructans, particularly microbial levans, have gained increasing interest in the field. β-2,6-linked fructans of different degrees of polymerisation can be synthesised by plants or microbes including those that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for these β-2,6 fructans in modulating immune function. Here, we provide an overview of the sources and structures of β-2,6 fructans from plants and microbes and describe their ability to modulate immune function in vitro and in vivo along with the suggested mechanisms underpinning their immunomodulatory properties. Further, we discuss the limitations and perspectives pertinent to current studies and the potential applications of β-2,6 fructans including in gut health.
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Liu Z, Liang Y, Zhou Y, Ge F, Yan X, Yang L, Wang Q. Single-cell fucosylation breakdown: Switching fucose to europium. iScience 2021; 24:102397. [PMID: 33997682 PMCID: PMC8091926 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylation and its fucosidic linkage-specific motifs are believed to be essential to understand their distinct roles in cellular behavior, but their quantitative information has not yet been fully disclosed due to the requirements of ultra-sensitivity and selectivity. Herein, we report an approach that converts fucose (Fuc) to stable europium (Eu) isotopic mass signal on hard ionization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Metabolically assembled azido-fucose on the cell surface allows us to tag them with an alkyne-customized Eu-crafted bacteriophage MS2 capsid nanoparticle for Eu signal multiplication, resulting in an ever lowest detection limit of 4.2 zmol Fuc. Quantitative breakdown of the linkage-specific fucosylation motifs in situ preserved on single cancerous HepG2 and paracancerous HL7702 cells can thus be realized on a single-cell ICP-MS platform, specifying their roles during the cancering process. This approach was further applied to the discrimination of normal hepatocellular cells and highly, moderately, and poorly differentiated hepatoma cells collected from real hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. Switching facile fucose to stable Eu mass signal on a single-cell ICP-MS platform Ever lowest LOD of 4.2 zmol FucAz was achieved using a Eu-decorated MS2 nanoparticle Single-cell breakdown of fucosidic linkage-specific motifs Discrimination of highly, moderately, and poorly differentiated HCC from normal ones
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fuchun Ge
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author
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El-Maradny YA, El-Fakharany EM, Abu-Serie MM, Hashish MH, Selim HS. Lectins purified from medicinal and edible mushrooms: Insights into their antiviral activity against pathogenic viruses. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:239-258. [PMID: 33676978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years, fungi have been a valuable and promising source of therapeutic agents for treatment of various diseases. Mushroom is a macrofungus which has been cultivated worldwide for its nutritional value and medicinal applications. Several bioactive molecules were extracted from mushroom such as polysaccharides, lectins and terpenoids. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with non-immunologic origin. Lectins were classified according to their structure, origin and sugar specificity. This protein has different binding specificity with surface glycan moiety which determines its activity and therapeutic applications. A wide range of medicinal activities such as antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic were reported from sugar-binding proteins. However, glycan-binding protein from mushroom is not well explored as antiviral agent. The discovery of novel antiviral agents is a public health emergency to overcome the current pandemic and be ready for the upcoming viral pandemics. The mechanism of action of lectin against viruses targets numerous steps in viral life cycle such as viral attachment, entry and replication. This review described the history, classification, purification techniques, structure-function relationship and different therapeutic applications of mushroom lectin. In addition, we focus on the antiviral activity, purification and physicochemical characteristics of some mushroom lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt; Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hashish
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba S Selim
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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81
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Menéndez-Rey A, González-Martos R, Ye P, Quiroz-Troncoso J, Alegría-Aravena N, Sánchez-Díez M, Maestu-Unturbe C, Bensadon-Naeder L, Ramírez-Castillejo C. Quantification of lectins in Synsepalum dulcificum and comparison with reference foods. Food Chem 2021; 352:129341. [PMID: 33657483 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A healthy life means a balance between physical activity and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, however, some plant-based foods can have certain adverse effects due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors, such as lectins, capable of binding molecules and preventing their normal assimilation. The level of lectins in Synsepalum dulcificum fruit was determined by hemagglutination assays in human blood, and its comparison with foods characterized as having high and low lectin content. The relative hemagglutinating activity of berries from Synsepalum dulcificum compared to our positive high lectin content food reference (Pinto bean) corresponds to 3.13-6.25%, representing safe levels for nutritional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Menéndez-Rey
- CTB (CTB-UPM) Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Medicinal Gardens S.L (Baïa Food), 28008 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel González-Martos
- CTB (CTB-UPM) Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Medicinal Gardens S.L (Baïa Food), 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peng Ye
- CTB (CTB-UPM) Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Medicinal Gardens S.L (Baïa Food), 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Quiroz-Troncoso
- CTB (CTB-UPM) Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Medicinal Gardens S.L (Baïa Food), 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Alegría-Aravena
- CTB (CTB-UPM) Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Díez
- CTB (CTB-UPM) Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Ceferino Maestu-Unturbe
- CTB (CTB-UPM) Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
- CTB (CTB-UPM) Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
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82
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Kearney CJ, Vervoort SJ, Ramsbottom KM, Todorovski I, Lelliott EJ, Zethoven M, Pijpers L, Martin BP, Semple T, Martelotto L, Trapani JA, Parish IA, Scott NE, Oliaro J, Johnstone RW. SUGAR-seq enables simultaneous detection of glycans, epitopes, and the transcriptome in single cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/8/eabe3610. [PMID: 33608275 PMCID: PMC7895430 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal single-cell RNA sequencing enables the precise mapping of transcriptional and phenotypic features of cellular differentiation states but does not allow for simultaneous integration of critical posttranslational modification data. Here, we describe SUrface-protein Glycan And RNA-seq (SUGAR-seq), a method that enables detection and analysis of N-linked glycosylation, extracellular epitopes, and the transcriptome at the single-cell level. Integrated SUGAR-seq and glycoproteome analysis identified tumor-infiltrating T cells with unique surface glycan properties that report their epigenetic and functional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Kearney
- Translational Haematology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- Translational Haematology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly M Ramsbottom
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Izabela Todorovski
- Translational Haematology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Emily J Lelliott
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Translational Haematology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Lizzy Pijpers
- Translational Haematology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ben P Martin
- Translational Haematology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Timothy Semple
- Translational Haematology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Luciano Martelotto
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ian A Parish
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Jane Oliaro
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Translational Haematology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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83
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Sánchez-Cano A, Andrés C, Herance JR, Pumarola T, Antón A, Baldrich E. Detection of Viruses and Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies Using Synthetic Erythrocytes: Toward a Tuneable Tool for Virus Surveillance. ACS Sens 2021; 6:83-90. [PMID: 33427446 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) is a classical method used worldwide in many analytical applications, including pathogen identification, vaccine production monitoring, and detection and characterization of pathogen-neutralizing antibodies (n-Ab). This is also a World Health Organization (WHO) reference method for the global surveillance of influenza viruses, which provides the information needed for the annual reformulation of the flu vaccine. HAI is a simple and inexpensive method that is performed without sophisticated equipment. However, it has to be carried out with fresh red blood cells (RBCs), a highly variable, unstable, and hard to mass-produce reagent, which impairs assay reproducibility. Here, we used the tests employed for influenza surveillance as a model to develop synthrocytes©, a synthetic reagent that could substitute animal erythrocytes in HAI. Contrary to previous examples exploiting sophisticated production paths to generate therapeutic synthetic RBCs, we founded production on the identification of microparticles able to generate different sedimentation patterns when agglutinated or not, which is the main requirement for HAI testing. Upon incorporation of influenza-binding receptors and optimization of production and assay conditions, synthrocytes succeeded in binding influenza A(H1N1) and B viruses as erythrocytes do, but were faster and more stable. Synthrocytes were finally employed in an HAI-like assay to detect the WHO reference reagents for influenza surveillance. Our results show that it is possible to substitute erythrocytes in classical HAI by a highly tuneable and potentially mass-produced synthetic reagent, which should facilitate worldwide HAI standardization with minimal equipment or training requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Cano
- Diagnostic Nanotools Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - José R. Herance
- Medical Molecular Imaging Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Tomás Pumarola
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Andrés Antón
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Eva Baldrich
- Diagnostic Nanotools Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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84
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Pellicle formation by Escherichia coli K-12: Role of adhesins and motility. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:381-389. [PMID: 33495047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Initial work to generate physically robust biofilms for biocatalytic applications revealed that Escherichia coli K-12 can form a floating biofilm at the air-liquid interface, commonly referred to as a pellicle. Unlike other species where pellicle formation is well-characterised, such as Bacillus subtilis, there are few reports of E. coli K-12 pellicles in the literature. In order to study pellicle formation, a growth model was developed and pellicle formation was monitored over time. Mechanical forces, both motility and shaking, were shown to have effects on pellicle formation and development. The role and regulation of curli, an amyloid protein adhesin critical in E. coli K-12 biofilm formation, was studied by using promoter-green fluorescent protein reporters; flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to monitor curli expression over time and in different locations. Curli were found to be not only crucial for pellicle formation, but also heterogeneously expressed within the pellicle. The components of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in pellicles were analysed by confocal microscopy using lectins, revealing distinct pellicle morphology on the air-facing and medium-facing sides, and spatially- and temporally-regulated generation of the EPS components poly-N-acetyl glucosamine and colanic acid. We discuss the difference between pellicles formed by E. coli K-12, pathogenic E. coli strains and other species, and the relationship between E. coli K-12 pellicles and solid surface-attached biofilms.
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85
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Kenney SP, Wang Q, Vlasova A, Jung K, Saif L. Naturally Occurring Animal Coronaviruses as Models for Studying Highly Pathogenic Human Coronaviral Disease. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:438-452. [PMID: 33357102 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820980842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) comprise a large group of positive stranded RNA viruses that infect a diverse host range including birds and mammals. Infection with CoVs typically presents as mild to severe respiratory or enteric disease, but CoVs have the potential to cause significant morbidity or mortality in highly susceptible age groups. CoVs have exhibited a penchant for jumping species barriers throughout history with devastating effects. The emergence of highly pathogenic or infectious CoVs in humans over the past 20 years, including severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), and most recently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), underscores the significant threat that CoV spillovers pose to humans. Similar to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, CoVs have been devastating to commercial animal production over the past century, including infectious bronchitis virus in poultry and bovine CoV, as well as the emergence and reemergence of multiple CoVs in swine including transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and porcine deltacoronavirus. These naturally occurring animal CoV infections provide important examples for understanding CoV disease as many animal CoVs have complex pathogenesis similar to SARS-CoV-2 and can shed light on the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. We provide an overview and update regarding selected existing animal CoVs and their primary host species, diseases caused by CoVs, how CoVs jump species, whether these CoVs pose an outbreak risk or risk to humans, and how we can mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kwonil Jung
- 2647The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Linda Saif
- 2647The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
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86
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Sagini MN, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Berger MR. A subgroup of lactosyl-Sepharose binding proteins requires calcium for affinity and galactose for anti-proliferation. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 334:109354. [PMID: 33309620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lactosyl-Sepharose binding proteins (LSBPs) were recently described in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Suit2-007 cells regarding their lectin-like properties and role in metastasis. This study further investigated how calcium and galactose influence the binding of LSBPs to the lactosyl resin as well as their anti-proliferative effect in Suit2-007 cells. Altered binding of LSBPs to the lactosyl resin was evaluated by affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. Calcium binding EF-hand proteins were aligned and identified with a motif derived from the Uniprot protein database. The antiproliferative effects of LSBPs and monosaccharides were determined by MTT assay. In addition, LSBPs and galactose effects were investigated by chip array and tumor take in nude rats. LSBPs reduced Suit2-007 cells' proliferation with an IC50 of 125 μg/mL. Coincubation of LSBPs with EGTA decreased the number of LSBPs binding to the lactosyl resin by ~50%. Ca2+ -sensitive LSBPs included subgroups of galactose-sensitive (10%) and EF-hand calcium binding motifs containing (2.5%) proteins. In vitro, the combination of LSBPs with monosaccharides including galactose synergistically decreased cell proliferation compared to single agents (p < 0.05). In addition, LSBPs in combination with galactose prevented the tumor growth of Suit2-007 cells in nude rats, as opposed to single treatments. At mRNA level, the combination treatment modulated 5% of Ca2+ -sensitive LSBPs and downregulated 216 genes, 18% of which were up-regulated during PDAC progression. This study highlights the importance of calcium and galactose in modulating the affinity and anti-proliferative activity of LSBPs and their potential application as therapeutic agents for metastatic PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah N Sagini
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Bioinformatics-Husar Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin R Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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87
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Rodríguez-Mayor AV, Peralta-Camacho GJ, Cárdenas-Martínez KJ, García-Castañeda JE. Development of Strategies for Glycopeptide Synthesis: An Overview on the Glycosidic Linkage. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200701121037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins and glycopeptides are an interesting focus of research, because of
their potential use as therapeutic agents, since they are related to carbohydrate-carbohydrate,
carbohydrate-protein, and carbohydrate-lipid interactions, which are commonly involved in
biological processes. It has been established that natural glycoconjugates could be an important
source of templates for the design and development of molecules with therapeutic applications.
However, isolating large quantities of glycoconjugates from biological sources
with the required purity is extremely complex, because these molecules are found in heterogeneous
environments and in very low concentrations. As an alternative to solving this
problem, the chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates has been developed. In this context,
several methods for the synthesis of glycopeptides in solution and/or solid-phase have been
reported. In most of these methods, glycosylated amino acid derivatives are used as building
blocks for both solution and solid-phase synthesis. The synthetic viability of glycoconjugates is a critical parameter
for allowing their use as drugs to mitigate the impact of microbial resistance and/or cancer. However, the
chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates is a challenge, because these molecules possess multiple reaction sites and
have a very specific stereochemistry. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement synthetic routes, which
may involve various protection schemes but can be stereoselective, environmentally friendly, and high-yielding.
This review focuses on glycopeptide synthesis by recapitulating the progress made over the last 15 years.
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88
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Naidu SAG, Clemens RA, Pressman P, Zaigham M, Kadkhoda K, Davies KJA, Naidu AS. COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Postpartum. J Diet Suppl 2020; 19:115-142. [PMID: 33164601 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1834049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Oxidative stress and its related metabolic syndromes are potential risk factors in the susceptibility to, and severity of COVID-19. In concert with the earliest reports of COVID-19, obstetricians started to diagnose and treat SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy ("COVID-19-Pregnancy"). High metabolic demand to sustain normal fetal development increases the burden of oxidative stress in pregnancy. Intracellular redox changes intertwined with acute phase responses at the maternal-fetal interface could amplify during pregnancy. Interestingly, mother-to-fetus transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has not been detected in most of the COVID-19-Pregnancy cases. This relative absence of vertical transmission may be related to the presence of lactoferrin in the placenta, amniotic fluid, and lacteal secretions. However, the cytokine-storm induced during COVID-19-Pregnancy may cause severe inflammatory damage to the fetus, and if uncontrolled, may later result in autism spectrum-like disorders and brain development abnormalities in neonates. Considering this serious health threat to child growth and development, the prevention of COVID-19 during pregnancy should be considered a high priority. This review summarizes the intricate virulence factors of COVID-19 and elucidate its pathobiological spectrum during pregnancy and postpartum periods with a focus on the putative and complex roles of endogenous and exogenous lactoferrin in conferring immunological advantage to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A Clemens
- University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mehreen Zaigham
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kamran Kadkhoda
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Robert J. Tomisch Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Division of Biogerontology, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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89
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Preparation and Nanoencapsulation of Lectin from Lepidium sativum on Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticle and Their Cytotoxicity against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (HepG2). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7251346. [PMID: 33145357 PMCID: PMC7599413 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7251346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are the oligomeric sugar-specific glycoprotein of nonimmune origin, are involved in the multiple biological recognition process, and have the capacity to perform a wide variety of physiological functions including antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, and cell agglutination. The main objective of the current study was to prepare lectin protein-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles via ionic gelation methods with different CS/TPP ratios and to investigate anticancer potential against HepG2 cells. The best ratio showed the mean particle size (298.10 ± 1.9 nm, 21.05 ± 0.95 mv) with optimal encapsulation efficiencies of 52.435 ± 0.09%. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against HepG2 cells, and IC50 values obtained were 265 μg/ml for lectin protein and 105 μg/ml for lectin-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles, respectively. The mRNA expression of proliferation markers like GPC3 was significantly decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) during lectin protein-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticle treatment. Apoptotic genes that indicating a marked increase in expression are Caspase 3, p53, and Bax, while Bcl2 and AFP showed a downregulation of expression after treatment of HepG2 cells with lectin-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles. The preliminary findings of our study highlighted that lectin protein-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles could be a promising anticancer agent.
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90
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Bartish M, Del Rincón SV, Rudd CE, Saragovi HU. Aiming for the Sweet Spot: Glyco-Immune Checkpoints and γδ T Cells in Targeted Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564499. [PMID: 33133075 PMCID: PMC7550643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though a healthy immune system is capable of recognizing and eliminating emergent cancerous cells, an established tumor is adept at escaping immune surveillance. Altered and tumor-specific expression of immunosuppressive cell surface carbohydrates, also termed the “tumor glycocode,” is a prominent mechanism by which tumors can escape anti-tumor immunity. Given their persistent and homogeneous expression, tumor-associated glycans are promising targets to be exploited as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, the exploitation of these glycans has been a challenge due to their low immunogenicity, immunosuppressive properties, and the inefficient presentation of glycolipids in a conventional major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner. Despite this, a subset of T-cells expressing the gamma and delta chains of the T-cell receptor (γδ T cells) exist with a capacity for MHC-unrestricted antigen recognition and potent inherent anti-tumor properties. In this review, we discuss the role of tumor-associated glycans in anti-tumor immunity, with an emphasis on the potential of γδ T cells to target the tumor glycocode. Understanding the many facets of this interaction holds the potential to unlock new ways to use both tumor-associated glycans and γδ T cells in novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Bartish
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Division of Immuno-Oncology, Research Center Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H Uri Saragovi
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Translational Center for Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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91
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Cavada BS, Pinto-Junior VR, Osterne VJS, Oliveira MV, Lossio CF, Silva MTL, Bari AU, Lima LD, Souza-Filho CHD, Nascimento KS. Comprehensive review on Caelsalpinioideae lectins: From purification to biological activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:333-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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92
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Jeanneret RA, Johnson SE, Galan MC. Conformationally Constrained Glycosyl Donors as Tools to Control Glycosylation Outcomes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15801-15826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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93
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Liu S, Li H, Zhang J, Tian X, Li X. A biocompatible supramolecular hydrogel with multivalent galactose ligands inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and growth. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33642-33650. [PMID: 35519035 PMCID: PMC9056750 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06718k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, peptide self-assembly proved to be an efficient strategy to create complex structures or functional materials with nanoscale precision. In this work, we designed and synthesized a novel glycopeptide molecule with a galactose moiety through peptide galactosylation. Then relying on peptide self-assembling strategies, we created a supramolecular hydrogel with multivalent galactose ligands on the surface of self-assembled nanofibers for molecular recognition and interactions. Because of multivalent galactose-LecA interactions, the self-assemblies of glycopeptide could target P. aeruginosa specifically, and acted as anti-virulence and antibacterial agents to inhibit biofilm formation and bacterial growth of P. aeruginosa. Moreover, in association with polymyxin B, a common antibiotic, the glycopeptide hydrogel exhibited a synergistic growth inhibition effect on biofilm colonization of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hang Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jikun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xinming Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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94
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An enzymatic toolkit for selective proteolysis, detection, and visualization of mucin-domain glycoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21299-21307. [PMID: 32817557 PMCID: PMC7474620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012196117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Densely O-glycosylated mucin domains are found in a broad range of cell surface and secreted proteins, where they play key physiological roles. In addition, alterations in mucin expression and glycosylation are common in a variety of human diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. These correlations have been challenging to uncover and establish because tools that specifically probe mucin domains are lacking. Here, we present a panel of bacterial proteases that cleave mucin domains via distinct peptide- and glycan-based motifs, generating a diverse enzymatic toolkit for mucin-selective proteolysis. By mutating catalytic residues of two such enzymes, we engineered mucin-selective binding agents with retained glycoform preferences. StcEE447D is a pan-mucin stain derived from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli that is tolerant to a wide range of glycoforms. BT4244E575A derived from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is selective for truncated, asialylated core 1 structures commonly associated with malignant and premalignant tissues. We demonstrated that these catalytically inactive point mutants enable robust detection and visualization of mucin-domain glycoproteins by flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Application of our enzymatic toolkit to ascites fluid and tissue slices from patients with ovarian cancer facilitated characterization of patients based on differences in mucin cleavage and expression patterns.
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95
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Epiphanies of well-known and newly discovered macromolecular carbohydrates – A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:51-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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96
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Haupt K, Medina Rangel PX, Bui BTS. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Antibody Mimics for Bioimaging and Therapy. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9554-9582. [PMID: 32786424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made chemical receptors that recognize and bind target molecules with a high affinity and selectivity. MIPs came into the spotlight in 1993 when they were dubbed "antibody mimics," and ever since, they have been widely studied for the extraction or trapping of chemical pollutants, in immunoassays, and for the design of sensors. Owing to novel synthesis strategies resulting in more biocompatible MIPs in the form of soluble nanogels, these synthetic antibodies have found favor in the biomedical domain since 2010, when for the first time, they were shown to capture and eliminate a toxin in live mice. This review, covering the years 2015-2020, will first describe the rationale behind these antibody mimics, and the different synthesis methods that have been employed for the preparation of MIPs destined for in vitro and in vivo targeting and bioimaging of cancer biomarkers, an emerging and fast-growing area of MIP applications. MIPs have been synthesized for targeting and visualizing glycans and protein-based cell receptors overexpressed in certain diseases, which are well-known biomarkers for example for tumors. When loaded with drugs, the MIPs could locally kill the tumor cells, making them efficient therapeutic agents. We will end the review by reporting how MIPs themselves can act as therapeutics by inhibiting cancer growth. These works mark a new opening in the use of MIPs for antibody therapy and even immunotherapy, as materials of the future in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Haupt
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Paulina X Medina Rangel
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
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97
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Kightlinger W, Warfel KF, DeLisa MP, Jewett MC. Synthetic Glycobiology: Parts, Systems, and Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1534-1562. [PMID: 32526139 PMCID: PMC7372563 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, the attachment of sugars to amino acid side chains, can endow proteins with a wide variety of properties of great interest to the engineering biology community. However, natural glycosylation systems are limited in the diversity of glycoproteins they can synthesize, the scale at which they can be harnessed for biotechnology, and the homogeneity of glycoprotein structures they can produce. Here we provide an overview of the emerging field of synthetic glycobiology, the application of synthetic biology tools and design principles to better understand and engineer glycosylation. Specifically, we focus on how the biosynthetic and analytical tools of synthetic biology have been used to redesign glycosylation systems to obtain defined glycosylation structures on proteins for diverse applications in medicine, materials, and diagnostics. We review the key biological parts available to synthetic biologists interested in engineering glycoproteins to solve compelling problems in glycoscience, describe recent efforts to construct synthetic glycoprotein synthesis systems, and outline exemplary applications as well as new opportunities in this emerging space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Kightlinger
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Katherine F. Warfel
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Department
of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert
Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Nancy
E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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98
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Guzmán-Téllez P, Martínez-Castillo M, Flores-Huerta N, Rosales-Morgan G, Pacheco-Yépez J, la Garza MD, Serrano-Luna J, Shibayama M. Lectins as virulence factors in Entamoeba histolytica and free-living amoebae. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:919-936. [PMID: 32716210 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is growing interest in the identification and purification of microbial lectins due to their involvement in the pathogenicity mechanisms of pathogens, such as Entamoeba histolytica and free-living amoebae. The Gal/GalNAc lectin from E. histolytica participates in adhesion, cytotoxicity and regulation of immune responses. Furthermore, mannose- and galactose-binding protein have been described in Acanthamoeba castellanii and Balamuthia mandrillaris, respectively and they also contribute to host damage. Finally, in Naegleria fowleri, molecules containing mannose and fucose are implicated in adhesion and cytotoxicity. Considering their relevance in the pathogenesis of the diseases caused by these protozoa, lectins appear to be promising targets in the diagnosis, vaccination and treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guzmán-Téllez
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of The National Polytechnic Institute, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Moisés Martínez-Castillo
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of The National Polytechnic Institute, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Liver, Pancreas & Motility Laboratory (HIPAM), School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nadia Flores-Huerta
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of The National Polytechnic Institute, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosales-Morgan
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of The National Polytechnic Institute, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yépez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of The National Polytechnic Institute, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Jesús Serrano-Luna
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of The National Polytechnic Institute, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies of The National Polytechnic Institute, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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99
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N-glycomic profiling of colorectal cancer according to tumor stage and location. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234989. [PMID: 32598367 PMCID: PMC7323945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in glycosylation are seen in many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Glycans, the sugar moieties of glycoconjugates, are involved in many important functions relevant to cancer and can be of value as biomarkers. In this study, we have used mass spectrometry to analyze the N-glycan profiles of 35 CRC tissue samples and 10 healthy tissue samples from non-CRC patients who underwent operations for other reasons. The tumor samples were divided into groups depending on tumor location (right or left colon) and stage (II or III), while the healthy samples were divided into right or left colon. The levels of neutral and acidic N-glycan compositions and glycan classes were analyzed in a total of ten different groups. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in glycan levels when all right- and left-sided CRC samples were compared, and few differences (such as in the abundance of the neutral N-glycan H3N5) were seen when the samples were divided according to both location and stage. Multiple significant differences were found in the levels of glycans and glycan classes when stage II and III samples were compared, and these glycans could be of value as candidates for new markers of cancer progression. In order to validate our findings, we analyzed healthy tissue samples from the right and left colon and found no significant differences in the levels of any of the glycans analyzed, confirming that our findings when comparing CRC samples from the right and left colon are not due to normal variations in the levels of glycans between the healthy right and left colon. Additionally, the levels of the acidic glycans H4N3F1P1, H5N4F1P1, and S1H5N4F1 were found to change in a cancer-specific but colon location-nonspecific manner, indicating that CRC affects glycan levels in similar ways regardless of tumor location.
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100
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Ghimire H, Garlapati C, Janssen EAM, Krishnamurti U, Qin G, Aneja R, Perera AGU. Protein Conformational Changes in Breast Cancer Sera Using Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1708. [PMID: 32605072 PMCID: PMC7407230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein structural alterations, including misfolding and aggregation, are a hallmark of several diseases, including cancer. However, the possible clinical application of protein conformational analysis using infrared spectroscopy to detect cancer-associated structural changes in proteins has not been established yet. The present study investigates the applicability of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in distinguishing the sera of healthy individuals and breast cancer patients. The cancer-associated alterations in the protein structure were analyzed by fitting the amide I (1600-1700 cm-1) band of experimental curves, as well as by comparing the ratio of the absorbance values at the amide II and amide III bands, assigning those as the infrared spectral signatures. The snapshot of the breast cancer-associated alteration in circulating DNA and RNA was also evaluated by extending the spectral fitting protocol to the complex region of carbohydrates and nucleic acids, 1140-1000 cm-1. The sensitivity and specificity of these signatures, representing the ratio of the α-helix and β-pleated sheet in proteins, were both 90%. Likewise, the ratio of amides II and amide III (I1556/I1295) had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 80%, respectively. Thus, infrared spectroscopy can serve as a powerful tool to understand the protein structural alterations besides distinguishing breast cancer and healthy serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemendra Ghimire
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | | | - Emiel A. M. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger NO-4068, Norway;
| | - Uma Krishnamurti
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Gengsheng Qin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (C.G.); (R.A.)
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - A. G. Unil Perera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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