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Tatischeff I. Dictyostelium: A Model for Studying the Extracellular Vesicle Messengers Involved in Human Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E225. [PMID: 30857191 PMCID: PMC6468606 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly uncovered messengers for intercellular communication. They are released by almost all cell types in the three kingdoms, Archeabacteria, Bacteria and Eukaryotes. They are known to mediate important biological functions and to be increasingly involved in cell physiology and in many human diseases, especially in oncology. The aim of this review is to recapitulate the current knowledge about EVs and to summarize our pioneering work about Dictyostelium discoideum EVs. However, many challenges remain unsolved in the EV research field, before any EV application for theranostics (diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy) of human cancers, can be efficiently implemented in the clinics. Dictyostelium might be an outstanding eukaryotic cell model for deciphering the utmost challenging problem of EV heterogeneity, and for unraveling the still mostly unknown mechanisms of their specific functions as mediators of intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Tatischeff
- Honorary CNRS (Centre de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France) and UPMC (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France) Research Director, Founder of RevInterCell, a Scientific Consulting Service, 91400 Orsay, France.
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52
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Zhang X, Chen L, Xiao B, Liu H, Su Y. Circ_0075932 in adipocyte-derived exosomes induces inflammation and apoptosis in human dermal keratinocytes by directly binding with PUM2 and promoting PUM2-mediated activation of AuroraA/NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:551-558. [PMID: 30824182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear why obese persons displayed a slower wound healing rate than the normal. In this study, we found that has_circ_0075932, a single-exon circular RNA, was outstandingly expressed in human normal adipose tissue and overexpressed in burned skin of obese persons compared with that of non-obese persons. Circ_0075932 overexpression or silencing in dermal keratinocytes had no obvious effect on cell behaviors, unless dozens of times overexpression, since its basal expression level in keratinocytes is too low. However, the exosome released from circ_0075932-overexpressing adipocytes displayed a significantly promoting effect on inflammation and apoptosis in dermal keratinocytes. Then, in our mechanism exploration, we found that circ_0075932 directly bound with the RNA-binding protein PUM2, which was reported to positively regulated AuroraA kinase, thus activating the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, either silencing PUM2, silencing AuroraA, or blockade of NF-κB activation, could abrogate the promoting effect of adipocyte-derived exosomal circ_0075932 on cell inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hengxin Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Military Medical University of PLA Airforce (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
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Ayala-Mar S, Gallo-Villanueva RC, González-Valdez J. Dielectrophoretic manipulation of exosomes in a multi-section microfluidic device. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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54
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Ben-Hur S, Biton M, Regev-Rudzki N. Extracellular Vesicles: A Prevalent Tool for Microbial Gene Delivery? Proteomics 2018; 19:e1800170. [PMID: 30358122 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic plasticity of prokaryotic microbial communities is largely dependent on the ongoing exchange of genetic determinants by Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT). HGT events allow beneficial genetic transitions to occur throughout microbial life, thus promoting adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Here, the significance of secreted vesicles in mediating HGT between microorganisms is discussed, while focusing on the benefits gained by vesicle-mediated gene delivery and its occurrence under different environmental cues. The potential use of secreted DNA-harboring vesicles as a mechanism of currently unresolved HGT events in eukaryotic microbes is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ben-Hur
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mirit Biton
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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55
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Tang YT, Huang YY, Li JH, Qin SH, Xu Y, An TX, Liu CC, Wang Q, Zheng L. Alterations in exosomal miRNA profile upon epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung cancer cell lines. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:802. [PMID: 30400814 PMCID: PMC6219194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as a critical event during tumor metastasis. Recent studies have revealed changes and the contributions of proteins in/on exosomes during EMT. Besides proteins, microRNA (miRNA) is another important functional component of exosomes. We hypothesized that the miRNA profile of exosomes may change following EMT and these exosomal miRNAs may in return promote EMT, migration and invasion of cancer cells. RESULTS The small RNA profile of exosomes was altered following EMT. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the specific miRNAs of M-exosomes have the potential to drive signal transduction networks in EMT and cancer progression. Co-culture experiments confirmed that M-exosomes can enter epithelial cells and promote migration, invasion and expression of mesenchymal markers in the recipient cells. CONCLUSION Our results reveal changes in the function and miRNA profile of exosomes upon EMT. M-exosomes can promote transfer of the malignant (mesenchymal) phenotype to epithelial recipient cells. Further, the miRNAs specifically expressed in M-exosomes are associated with EMT and metastasis, and may serve as new biomarkers for EMT-like processes in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ting Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yi-Yao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Jing-Huan Li
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire UK
| | - Si-Hua Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Tai-Xue An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Chun-Chen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
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56
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Williams AM, Dennahy IS, Bhatti UF, Halaweish I, Xiong Y, Chang P, Nikolian VC, Chtraklin K, Brown J, Zhang Y, Zhang ZG, Chopp M, Buller B, Alam HB. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Provide Neuroprotection and Improve Long-Term Neurologic Outcomes in a Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:54-60. [PMID: 29690826 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) remains a leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have demonstrated promise in small animal models of neurologic injury. To investigate the effects of exosome treatment in a clinically realistic large animal model, Yorkshire swine underwent TBI and HS. Animals were maintained in shock for 2 h before resuscitation with normal saline (NS). Animals were then resuscitated either with NS (3 × volume of shed blood) or with the same volume of NS with delayed exosome administration (1 × 1013 particles/4 mL) (n = 5/cohort). Exosomes were administered 9 h post-injury, and on post-injury days (PID) 1, 5, 9, and 13. Neurologic severity scores (NSS) were assessed for 30 days, and neurocognitive functions were objectively measured. Exosome-treated animals had significantly lower NSS (p < 0.05) during the first five days of recovery. Exosome-treated animals also had a significantly shorter time to complete neurologic recovery (NSS = 0) compared with animals given NS alone (days to recovery: NS = 16.8 ± 10.6; NS + exosomes = 5.6 ± 2.8; p = 0.03). Animals treated with exosomes initiated neurocognitive testing earlier (days to initiation: NS = 9.6 ± 0.5 vs. NS + exosomes = 4.2 ± 0.8; p = 0.008); however, no difference was seen in time to mastery of tasks. In conclusion, treatment with exosomes attenuates the severity of neurologic injury and allows for faster neurologic recovery in a clinically realistic large animal model of TBI and HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Williams
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Isabel S Dennahy
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Umar F Bhatti
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ihab Halaweish
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ye Xiong
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Panpan Chang
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vahagn C Nikolian
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kiril Chtraklin
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jordana Brown
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- 3 Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael Chopp
- 3 Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.,4 Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Benjamin Buller
- 3 Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hasan B Alam
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Arthropod EVs mediate dengue virus transmission through interaction with a tetraspanin domain containing glycoprotein Tsp29Fb. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6604-E6613. [PMID: 29946031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720125115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes dengue fever in humans, worldwide. Using in vitro cell lines derived from Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, the primary vectors of DENV, we report that DENV2/DENV3-infected cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, containing infectious viral RNA and proteins. A full-length DENV2 genome, detected in arthropod EVs, was infectious to naïve mosquito and mammalian cells, including human-skin keratinocytes and blood endothelial cells. Cryo-electron microscopy showed mosquito EVs with a size range from 30 to 250 nm. Treatments with RNase A, Triton X-100, and 4G2 antibody-bead binding assays showed that infectious DENV2-RNA and proteins are contained inside EVs. Viral plaque formation and dilution assays also showed securely contained infectious viral RNA and proteins in EVs are transmitted to human cells. Up-regulated HSP70 upon DENV2 infection showed no role in viral replication and transmission through EVs. In addition, qRT-PCR and immunoblotting results revealed that DENV2 up-regulates expression of a mosquito tetraspanin-domain-containing glycoprotein, designated as Tsp29Fb, in A. aegypti mosquitoes, cells, and EVs. RNAi-mediated silencing and antibody blocking of Tsp29Fb resulted in reduced DENV2 loads in both mosquito cells and EVs. Immunoprecipitation showed Tsp29Fb to directly interact with DENV2 E-protein. Furthermore, treatment with GW4869 (exosome-release inhibitor) affected viral burden, direct interaction of Tsp29Fb with E-protein and EV-mediated transmission of viral RNA and proteins to naïve human cells. In summary, we report a very important finding on EV-mediated transmission of DENV2 from arthropod to mammalian cells through interactions with an arthropod EVs-enriched marker Tsp29Fb.
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Sedgwick A, Olivia Balmert M, D'Souza-Schorey C. The formation of giant plasma membrane vesicles enable new insights into the regulation of cholesterol efflux. Exp Cell Res 2018. [PMID: 29522754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cellular cholesterol accumulation contributes to the pathophysiology of many diseases including neurodegenerative disorders such as Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) and Alzheimer's Disease1-4. Many aspects of cholesterol efflux from cells remain elusive. Here we describe the utility of cholesterol-rich giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) as a means to monitor cholesterol that is translocated to the plasma membrane for secretion. We demonstrate that small molecules known to enhance lipid efflux, including those in clinical trials for lipid storage disorders, enhance this GPMV formation. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of cholesterol efflux blocks GPMV formation. We show that microtubule stabilization via paclitaxel treatment and increased tubulin acetylation via HDAC6 inhibition promotes the formation of GPMVs with concomitant reduction in cellular cholesterol in a cell model of NPC disease. The pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat, which has been shown to reduce the severity of cholesterol storage in NPC, elicited a similar response. Further, the disruption of actin polymerization inhibits the formation of GPMVs, whereas the small GTP-binding protein Arl4c promotes actin remodeling at sites overlapping with GPMV formation. Thus, monitoring the formation of GPMVs provides a new avenue to better understand diseases whose pathology may be sensitive to alterations in cellular cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Sedgwick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA
| | - M Olivia Balmert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA
| | - Crislyn D'Souza-Schorey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369, USA.
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Zhou W, Woodson M, Neupane B, Bai F, Sherman MB, Choi KH, Neelakanta G, Sultana H. Exosomes serve as novel modes of tick-borne flavivirus transmission from arthropod to human cells and facilitates dissemination of viral RNA and proteins to the vertebrate neuronal cells. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006764. [PMID: 29300779 PMCID: PMC5754134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular determinants and mechanisms of arthropod-borne flavivirus transmission to the vertebrate host are poorly understood. In this study, we show for the first time that a cell line from medically important arthropods, such as ticks, secretes extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes that mediate transmission of flavivirus RNA and proteins to the human cells. Our study shows that tick-borne Langat virus (LGTV), a model pathogen closely related to tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), profusely uses arthropod exosomes for transmission of viral RNA and proteins to the human- skin keratinocytes and blood endothelial cells. Cryo-electron microscopy showed the presence of purified arthropod/neuronal exosomes with the size range of 30 to 200 nm in diameter. Both positive and negative strands of LGTV RNA and viral envelope-protein were detected inside exosomes derived from arthropod, murine and human cells. Detection of Nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein in arthropod and neuronal exosomes further suggested that exosomes contain viral proteins. Viral RNA and proteins in exosomes derived from tick and mammalian cells were secured, highly infectious and replicative in all tested evaluations. Treatment with GW4869, a selective inhibitor that blocks exosome release affected LGTV loads in both arthropod and mammalian cell-derived exosomes. Transwell-migration assays showed that exosomes derived from infected-brain-microvascular endothelial cells (that constitute the blood-brain barrier) facilitated LGTV RNA and protein transmission, crossing of the barriers and infection of neuronal cells. Neuronal infection showed abundant loads of both tick-borne LGTV and mosquito-borne West Nile virus RNA in exosomes. Our data also suggest that exosome-mediated LGTV viral transmission is clathrin-dependent. Collectively, our results suggest that flaviviruses uses arthropod-derived exosomes as a novel means for viral RNA and protein transmission from the vector, and the vertebrate exosomes for dissemination within the host that may subsequently allow neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthropod Vectors/cytology
- Arthropod Vectors/ultrastructure
- Arthropod Vectors/virology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Cerebral Cortex/pathology
- Cerebral Cortex/ultrastructure
- Cerebral Cortex/virology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Coculture Techniques
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/pathogenicity
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/physiology
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/ultrastructure
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/pathology
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/transmission
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/virology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Endothelium, Vascular/virology
- Exosomes/ultrastructure
- Exosomes/virology
- Host-Parasite Interactions
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Ixodes/cytology
- Ixodes/ultrastructure
- Ixodes/virology
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/pathology
- Keratinocytes/ultrastructure
- Keratinocytes/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Biological
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/pathology
- Neurons/ultrastructure
- Neurons/virology
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Michael Woodson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Biswas Neupane
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States of America
| | - Fengwei Bai
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Sherman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kyung H. Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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60
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Cobelli NJ, Leong DJ, Sun HB. Exosomes: biology, therapeutic potential, and emerging role in musculoskeletal repair and regeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1410:57-67. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Cobelli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Daniel J. Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
| | - Hui B. Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center; Bronx New York
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61
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Cai XW, Zhu R, Ran L, Li YQ, Huang K, Peng J, He W, Zhou CL, Wang RP. A novel non-contact communication between human keratinocytes and T cells: Exosomes derived from keratinocytes support superantigen-induced proliferation of resting T cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7032-7038. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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62
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Guo P, Yu H, Wang Y, Xie X, Chen G. Exosome: An Emerging Participant in the Development of Liver Disease. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.58021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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63
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Cho YE, Kim SH, Lee BH, Baek MC. Circulating Plasma and Exosomal microRNAs as Indicators of Drug-Induced Organ Injury in Rodent Models. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:367-373. [PMID: 28208010 PMCID: PMC5499614 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate whether microRNAs (miRNAs) in circulating exosomes may serve as biomarkers of drug-induced liver, kidney, or muscle-injury. Quantitative PCR analyses were performed to measure the amounts of liver-specific miRNAs (miR-122, miR-192, and miR-155), kidney-specific miR-146a, or muscle-specific miR-206 in plasma and exosomes from mice treated with liver, kidney or muscle toxicants. The levels of liver-specific miRNAs in circulating plasma and exosomes were elevated in acetaminophen-induced liver injury and returned to basal levels by treatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine. Circulating miR-146a and miR-206 were increased in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and bupivacaine-induced myotoxicity, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that circulating plasma and exosomal miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers specific for drug-induced liver, kidney or muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.,Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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64
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Felli C, Vincentini O, Silano M, Masotti A. HIV-1 Nef Signaling in Intestinal Mucosa Epithelium Suggests the Existence of an Active Inter-kingdom Crosstalk Mediated by Exosomes. Front Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28642743 PMCID: PMC5462933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal mucosal surface represents the first defense against pathogens and regulates the immune response through the combination of epithelial cell (EC) functions and immunological factors. ECs act as sensors of luminal stimuli and interact with the immune cells through signal-transduction pathways, thus representing the first barrier that HIV-1 virus encounters during infection. In particular, the HIV-1 Nef protein plays a crucial role in viral invasion and replication. Nef is expressed early during viral infection and interacts with numerous cellular proteins as a scaffold/adaptor. Nef is localized primarily to cellular membranes and affects several signaling cascades in infected cells modulating the expression of cell surface receptors critical for HIV-1 infection and transmission, also accompanied by the production of specific cytokines and progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells. At the intestinal level, Nef contributes to affect the mucosal barrier by increasing epithelial permeability, that results in the translocation of microbial antigens and consequently in immune system activation. However, the pathological role of Nef in mucosal dysfunction has not been fully elucidated. Interestingly, Nef is secreted also within exosomes and contributes to regulate the intercellular communication exploiting the vesicular trafficking machinery of the host. This can be considered as a potential inter-kingdom communication pathway between virus and humans, where viral Nef contributes to modulate and post-transcriptionally regulate the host gene expression and immune response. In this mini-review we discuss the effects of HIV-1 Nef protein on intestinal epithelium and propose the existence of an inter-kingdom communication process mediated by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Felli
- Gene Expression - Microarrays Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere ScientificoRome, Italy
| | - Olimpia Vincentini
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of HealthRome, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of HealthRome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Gene Expression - Microarrays Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere ScientificoRome, Italy
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Gao J, Wang S, Wang Z. High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy. Biomaterials 2017; 135:62-73. [PMID: 28494264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. However, the translation of EVs is hindered by the heterogeneous composition, low yield, inefficient drug loading and unlikely scalability. Here we report a strategy to generate EVs using nitrogen cavitation (NC-EVs) that instantly disrupts neutrophils to form nanosized membrane vesicles. NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. The production of NC-EVs was increased by 16 folds and is easy to scale up for clinical use compared to NS-EVs. To examine the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform, piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) was remotely loaded in NC-EVs via the pH gradient. We found that piceatannol-loaded NC-EVs dramatically alleviated acute lung inflammation/injury and sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
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Quesada A, Segarra AB, Montoro-Molina S, de Gracia MDC, Osuna A, O’Valle F, Gómez-Guzmán M, Vargas F, Wangensteen R. Glutamyl aminopeptidase in microvesicular and exosomal fractions of urine is related with renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175462. [PMID: 28399178 PMCID: PMC5388492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to investigate if the content of glutamyl aminopeptidase (GluAp) in microvesicular and exosomal fractions of urine is related with renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated rats. METHODS Urine samples were collected 24 hours after injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg, n = 10) or saline serum (n = 10), and they were subjected to differential centrifugation at 1.000, 17.000 and 200.000 g to obtain microvesicular and exosomal fractions. GluAp was measured with a commercial ELISA kit in both fractions. Serum creatinine (SCr) and body weight were measured 15 days after treatment. We analyzed if early excretion of GluAp in microsomal and exosomal fractions was correlated with final SCr and body weight increase. In a second experiment, enzymatic activities of GluAp and alanyl aminopeptidase (AlaAp) in urine, microvesicular and exosomal fractions were measured three days after injection. We analyzed the correlation of both markers with SCr determined at this point. Finally, we studied the expression of GluAp and extracellular vesicles markers Alix and tumor susceptibility gene (TSG101) in both fractions by immunoblotting. RESULTS GluAp excretion was increased in all fractions of urine after cisplatin treatment, even if data were normalized per mg of creatinine, per body weight or per total protein content of each fraction. We found significant predictive correlations with SCr concentration, and inverse correlations with body weight increase determined 15 days later. Three days after injection, aminopeptidasic activities were markedly increased in all fractions of urine in cisplatin-treated rats. The highest correlation coefficient with SCr was found for GluAp in microvesicular fraction. Increase of GluAp in microvesicular and exosomal fractions from cisplatin-treated rats was confirmed by immunoblotting. Alix and TSG101 showed different patterns of expression in each fraction. CONCLUSIONS Determination of GluAp content or its enzymatic activity in microvesicular and exosomal fractions of urine is an early and predictive biomarker of renal dysfunction in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Measurement of GluAp in these fractions can serve to detect proximal tubular damage independently of glomerular filtration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Quesada
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, FIBAO, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Segarra
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Osuna
- Unidad de Nefrología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, FIBAO, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, IBIMER, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Guzmán
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Félix Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosemary Wangensteen
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Zhang Z, Li X, Sun W, Yue S, Yang J, Li J, Ma B, Wang J, Yang X, Pu M, Ruan B, Zhao G, Huang Q, Wang L, Tao K, Dou K. Loss of exosomal miR-320a from cancer-associated fibroblasts contributes to HCC proliferation and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2017; 397:33-42. [PMID: 28288874 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in regulating tumour progression. Therefore, understanding how CAFs communicate with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial for HCC therapy. Recently, exosomes have been considered an important "messenger" between cells. In this study, we performed microRNA (miRNA) sequencing of exosomes derived from CAFs and corresponding para-cancer fibroblasts (PAFs) of HCC patients. We found a significant reduction in the miR-320a level in CAF-derived exosomes. Using exogenous miRNAs, we demonstrated that stromal cells could transfer miRNA to HCC cells. In vitro and in vivo studies further revealed that miR-320a could function as an antitumour miRNA by binding to its direct downstream target PBX3 to suppress HCC cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. The miR-320a-PBX3 pathway inhibited tumour progression by suppressing the activation of the MAPK pathway, which could induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and upregulate cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and MMP2 expression to promote cell proliferation and metastasis. In xenograft experiments involving CAFs mixed with MHCC97-H cells, miR-320a overexpression in CAFs could inhibit tumourigenesis. Therefore, these data suggest that CAF-mediated HCC tumour progression is partially related to the loss of antitumour miR-320a in the exosomes of CAFs and that promoting the transfer of stromal cell-derived miR-320a might be a potential treatment option to overcome HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuochao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqiang Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyue Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xisheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qike Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kefeng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Ye Y, Su X, He J, Bai W, He X. MSCs-Derived Exosomes and Neuroinflammation, Neurogenesis and Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:55. [PMID: 28293177 PMCID: PMC5329010 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are endosomal origin membrane-enclosed small vesicles (30-100 nm) that contain various molecular constituents including proteins, lipids, mRNAs and microRNAs. Accumulating studies demonstrated that exosomes initiated and regulated neuroinflammation, modified neurogenic niches and neurogenesis, and were even of potential significance in treating some neurological diseases. These tiny extracellular vesicles (EVs) can derive from some kinds of multipotent cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have been confirmed to be a potentially promising therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in experimental models and in preclinical studies. Nevertheless, subsequent studies demonstrated that the predominant mechanisms of MSCs's contributions to brain tissue repairment and functional recovery after TBI were not the cell replacement effects but likely the secretion-based paracrine effects produced by EVs such as MSCs-derived exosomes. These nanosized exosomes derived from MSCs cannot proliferate, are easier to preserve and transfer and have lower immunogenicity, compared with transplanted exogenous MSCs. These reports revealed that MSCs-derived exosomes might promise to be a new and valuable therapeutic strategy for TBI than MSCs themselves. However, the concrete mechanisms involved in the positive effects induced by MSCs-derived exosomes in TBI are still ambiguous. In this review, we intend to explore the potential effects of MSCs-derived exosomes on neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in TBI and, especially, on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China; Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 422nd HospitalZhanjiang, China
| | - Yuqin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China; Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 163rd Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)Changsha, China
| | - Xinhong Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
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Abstract
Virtually all cells in the organism secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicles that transport and deliver payloads of proteins and nucleic acids to recipient cells, thus playing central roles in cell-cell communications. Exosomes, nanosized EVs of endosomal origin, regulate many pathophysiological processes including immune responses and inflammation, tumour growth, and infection. Healthy subjects and patients with different diseases release exosomes with different RNA and protein contents into the circulation, which can be measured as biomarkers. The discovery of exosomes as natural carriers of functional small RNA and proteins has raised great interest in the drug delivery field, as it may be possible to harness these vesicles for therapeutic delivery of miRNA, siRNA, mRNA, lncRNA, peptides, and synthetic drugs. However, systemically delivered exosomes accumulate in liver, kidney, and spleen. Targeted exosomes can be obtained by displaying targeting molecules, such as peptides or antibody fragments recognizing target antigens, on the outer surface of exosomes. Display of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored nanobodies on EVs is a novel technique that enables EV display of a variety of proteins including antibodies, reporter proteins, and signaling molecules. However, naturally secreted exosomes show limited pharmaceutical acceptability. Engineered exosome mimetics that incorporate desirable components of natural exosomes into synthetic liposomes or nanoparticles, and are assembled using controllable procedures may be more acceptable pharmaceutically. In this communication, we review the current understanding of physiological and pathophysiological roles of exosomes, their potential applications as diagnostic markers, and current efforts to develop improved exosome-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Taverne, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Taverne, Switzerland; Dept. of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Exosome-Mediated Intercellular Communication Between Stellate Cells and Cancer Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2017; 46:1-4. [PMID: 27977625 PMCID: PMC5171232 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has long being viewed as a consequence of recurrent or unresolved inflammation, associated with fibrogenesis and extensive cross-communication between different cell types within the tumor microenvironment. A plethora of cytokines, chemokines and DAMPs such as TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, ATP and HMGB1, produced in response to pancreas damage from injury fuel inflammatory and fibrogenic responses. These and other factors contribute to the intercellular interplay within the complex milieu of the tumor microenvironment. However, precisely which factors represent appropriate or inappropriate signals, which cell type(s) produces the factors, and the detailed understanding of the sequence of events by which regeneration and malignant transformation are orchestrated have not yet been unraveled. Clearly, further understanding of cause-and effect relationships between the diverse cell populations and the factors they release into the microenvironment is urgently needed.
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Wang X, Xu C, Hua Y, Sun L, Cheng K, Jia Z, Han Y, Dong J, Cui Y, Yang Z. Exosomes play an important role in the process of psoralen reverse multidrug resistance of breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:186. [PMID: 27906043 PMCID: PMC5131502 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Release of exosomes have been shown to play critical roles in drug resistance by delivering cargo. Targeting the transfer of exosomes from resistant cells to sensitive cells may be an approach to overcome some cases of drug resistance. Method In this study, we investigated the potential role of exosomes in the process of psoralen reverse multidrug resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells. Exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation of culture media from MCF-7/ADR cells (ADR/exo) and MCF-7 parental cells (S/exo). Exosomes were characterized by morphology, exosomal markers and size distribution. The ability of ADR/exo to transfer multidrug resistance was assessed by MTT and real-time quantitative PCR. The different formation and secretion of exosomes were detected by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Then we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis using RNA-Seq technology and real-time quantitative PCR to better understand the gene expression regulation in exosmes formation and release after psoralen treatment. Results Our data showed that exosomes derived from MCF-7/ADR cells were able to promote active sequestration of drugs and could induce a drug resistance phenotype by transferring drug-resistance-related gene MDR-1 and P-glycoprotein protein. Psoralen could reduce the formation and secretion of exosomes to overcome drug resistance. There were 21 differentially expressed genes. Gene ontology (GO) pathway analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the most significantly expressed genes were linked to PPAR and P53 signaling pathways which were related to exosomes formation, secretion and cargo sorting. Conclusions Psoralen can affect the exosomes and induce the reduction of resistance transmission via exosomes might through PPAR and P53 signaling pathways, which might provide a novel strategy for breast cancer resistance to chemotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 522 Yellow Three Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 522 Yellow Three Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Hua
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 522 Yellow Three Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Nneurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 522 Yellow Three Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongming Jia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 522 Yellow Three Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 522 Yellow Three Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 522 Yellow Three Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Cui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 522 Yellow Three Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 522 Yellow Three Road, Binzhou, Shandong, 256603, People's Republic of China.
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Karlsson T, Lundholm M, Widmark A, Persson E. Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomes from the Prostate Cancer Cell Line TRAMP-C1 Impair Osteoclast Formation and Differentiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166284. [PMID: 27832183 PMCID: PMC5104397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastatic disease is a deleterious consequence of dissemination of tumor cells from numerous primary sites, such as prostate, lung and breast. Skeletal metastases are still incurable, resulting in development of clinical complications and decreased survival for cancer patients with metastatic disease. During the last decade, tumor cell-derived microvesicles have been identified and suggested to be involved in cancer disease progression. Whether cancer exosomes are involved in tumor and bone cell interactions in the metastatic site is still, however, a rather unexplored field. Here we show that exosomes isolated from the murine prostate cancer cell line TRAMP-C1 dramatically decrease fusion and differentiation of monocytic osteoclast precursors to mature, multinucleated osteoclasts. The presence of tumor cell-derived exosomes also clearly decreased the expression of established markers for osteoclast fusion and differentiation, including DC-STAMP, TRAP, cathepsin K, and MMP-9. In contrast, exosomes derived from murine fibroblastic cells did not affect osteoclast formation. Our findings suggest that exosomes released from tumor cells in the tumor-bone interface are involved in pathological regulation of bone cell formation in the metastatic site. This further strengthens the role of tumor cell-derived microvesicles in cancer progression and disease aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Karlsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Division of Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Lundholm
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Division of Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Widmark
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Division of Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Persson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Division of Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Bobis-Wozowicz S, Kmiotek K, Kania K, Karnas E, Labedz-Maslowska A, Sekula M, Kedracka-Krok S, Kolcz J, Boruczkowski D, Madeja Z, Zuba-Surma EK. Diverse impact of xeno-free conditions on biological and regenerative properties of hUC-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:205-220. [PMID: 27638341 PMCID: PMC5239805 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that intracellular signaling mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by stem cells plays a considerable role in triggering the regenerative program upon transplantation. EVs from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC-EVs) have been shown to enhance tissue repair in animal models. However, translating such results into clinical practice requires optimized EV collection procedures devoid of animal-originating agents. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the influence of xeno-free expansion media on biological properties of UC-MSCs and UC-MSC-EVs for future applications in cardiac repair in humans. Our results show that proliferation, differentiation, phenotype stability, and cytokine secretion by UC-MSCs vary depending on the type of xeno-free media. Importantly, we found distinct molecular and functional properties of xeno-free UC-MSC-EVs including enhanced cardiomyogenic and angiogenic potential impacting on target cells, which may be explained by elevated concentration of several pro-cardiogenic and pro-angiogenic microRNA (miRNAs) present in the EVs. Our data also suggest predominantly low immunogenic capacity of certain xeno-free UC-MSC-EVs reflected by their inhibitory effect on proliferation of immune cells in vitro. Summarizing, conscious selection of cell culture conditions is required to harvest UC-MSC-EVs with the optimal desired properties including enhanced cardiac and angiogenic capacity, suitable for tissue regeneration. KEY MESSAGE Type of xeno-free media influences biological properties of UC-MSCs in vitro. Certain xeno-free media promote proliferation and differentiation ability of UC-MSCs. EVs collected from xeno-free cultures of UC-MSCs are biologically active. Xeno-free UC-MSC-EVs enhance cardiac and angiogenic potential of target cells. Type of xeno-free media determines immunomodulatory effects mediated by UC-MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kmiotek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Kania
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Labedz-Maslowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Kolcz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Polish-American Children's Hospital, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Prada I, Meldolesi J. Binding and Fusion of Extracellular Vesicles to the Plasma Membrane of Their Cell Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081296. [PMID: 27517914 PMCID: PMC5000693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and ectosomes, extracellular vesicles of two types generated by all cells at multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane, respectively, play critical roles in physiology and pathology. A key mechanism of their function, analogous for both types of vesicles, is the fusion of their membrane to the plasma membrane of specific target cells, followed by discharge to the cytoplasm of their luminal cargo containing proteins, RNAs, and DNA. Here we summarize the present knowledge about the interactions, binding and fusions of vesicles with the cell plasma membrane. The sequence initiates with dynamic interactions, during which vesicles roll over the plasma membrane, followed by the binding of specific membrane proteins to their cell receptors. Membrane binding is then converted rapidly into fusion by mechanisms analogous to those of retroviruses. Specifically, proteins of the extracellular vesicle membranes are structurally rearranged, and their hydrophobic sequences insert into the target cell plasma membrane which undergoes lipid reorganization, protein restructuring and membrane dimpling. Single fusions are not the only process of vesicle/cell interactions. Upon intracellular reassembly of their luminal cargoes, vesicles can be regenerated, released and fused horizontally to other target cells. Fusions of extracellular vesicles are relevant also for specific therapy processes, now intensely investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Prada
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Meldolesi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
All known cells continuously release nanoscale lipid membrane-enclosed packets. These packets, termed extracellular vesicles (EVs), bear the signature of their cells of origin. These vesicles can be detected in just about every type of biofluid tested, including blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. The majority comes from normal cells, but disease cells also release them. There is a great interest in collecting and analyzing EVs in biofluids as diagnostics for a wide spectrum of central nervous system diseases. Here, we will review the state of central nervous system EV research in terms of molecular diagnostics and biomarkers.
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Szajnik M, Czystowska-Kuźmicz M, Elishaev E, Whiteside TL. Biological markers of prognosis, response to therapy and outcome in ovarian carcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:811-26. [PMID: 27268121 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1194758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is among the most common types of cancer and is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies in western countries. Cancer biomarkers have a potential for improving the management of OvCa patients at every point from screening and detection, diagnosis, prognosis, follow up, response to therapy and outcome. AREAS COVERED The literature search has indicated a number of candidate biomarkers have recently emerged that could facilitate the molecular definition of OvCa, providing information about prognosis and predicting response to therapy. These potentially promising biomarkers include immune cells and their products, tumor-derived exosomes, nucleic acids and epigenetic biomarkers. Expert commentary: Although most of the biomarkers available today require prospective validation, the development of noninvasive liquid biopsy-based monitoring promises to improve their utility for evaluations of prognosis, response to therapy and outcome in OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szajnik
- a Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology , Military Institute of Medicine , Warsaw , Poland.,b Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Esther Elishaev
- c Department of Pathology , University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- c Department of Pathology , University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,d University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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Cheow ESH, Cheng WC, Lee CN, de Kleijn D, Sorokin V, Sze SK. Plasma-derived Extracellular Vesicles Contain Predictive Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Myocardial Ischemic (MI) Injury. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2628-40. [PMID: 27234505 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.055731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a potent inflammatory response via the release of circulatory mediators, including extracellular vesicles (EVs) by damaged cardiac cells, necessary for myocardial healing. Timely repression of inflammatory response are critical to prevent and minimize cardiac tissue injuries, nonetheless, progression in this aspect remains challenging. The ability of EVs to trigger a functional response upon delivery of carried bioactive cargos, have made them clinically attractive diagnostic biomarkers and vectors for therapeutic interventions. Using label-free quantitative proteomics approach, we compared the protein cargo of plasma EVs between patients with MI and from patients with stable angina (NMI). We report, for the first time, the proteomics profiling on 252 EV proteins that were modulated with >1.2-fold after MI. We identified six up-regulated biomarkers with potential for clinical applications; these reflected post-infarct pathways of complement activation (Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A (C1QA), 3.23-fold change, p = 0.012; Complement C5 (C5), 1.27-fold change, p = 0.087), lipoprotein metabolism (Apoliporotein D (APOD), 1.86-fold change, p = 0.033; Apolipoprotein C-III (APOCC3), 2.63-fold change, p = 0.029) and platelet activation (Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain (GP1BA), 9.18-fold change, p < 0.0001; Platelet basic protein (PPBP), 4.72-fold change, p = 0.027). The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002950. This novel biomarker panel was validated in 43 patients using antibody-based assays (C1QA (p = 0.005); C5 (p = 0.0047), APOD (p = 0.0267); APOC3 (p = 0.0064); GP1BA (p = 0.0031); PPBP (p = 0.0465)). We further present that EV-derived fibrinogen components were paradoxically down-regulated in MI, suggesting that a compensatory mechanism may suppress post-infarct coagulation pathways, indicating potential for therapeutic targeting of this mechanism in MI. Taken together, these data demonstrated that plasma EVs contain novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets that can be further developed for clinical use to benefit patients with coronary artery diseases (CADs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sok Hwee Cheow
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Woo Chin Cheng
- §Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore 119228
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- §Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore 119228; ¶National University Heart Centre, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic & Vascular Surgery, Singapore 119228; ‖Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- §Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore 119228; **Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands & Interuniversity Cardiovascular Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vitaly Sorokin
- §Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore 119228; ¶National University Heart Centre, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic & Vascular Surgery, Singapore 119228
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551;
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78
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Koniusz S, Andrzejewska A, Muraca M, Srivastava AK, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Extracellular Vesicles in Physiology, Pathology, and Therapy of the Immune and Central Nervous System, with Focus on Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Tools. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:109. [PMID: 27199663 PMCID: PMC4852177 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-surrounded structures released by most cell types. They are characterized by a specific set of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. EVs have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication to transmit biological signals between cells. In addition, pathophysiological roles of EVs in conditions like cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders are well established. In recent years focus has been shifted on therapeutic use of stem cell derived-EVs. Use of stem cell derived-EVs present distinct advantage over the whole stem cells as EVs do not replicate and after intravenous administration, they are less likely to trap inside the lungs. From the therapeutic perspective, the most promising cellular sources of EVs are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are easy to obtain and maintain. Therapeutic activity of MSCs has been shown in numerous animal models and the beneficial paracrine effect of MSCs may be mediated by EVs. The various components of MSC derived-EVs such as proteins, lipids, and RNA might play a specific therapeutic role. In this review, we characterize the role of EVs in immune and central nervous system (CNS); present evidences for defective signaling of these vesicles in neurodegeneration and therapeutic role of EVs in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Koniusz
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua Padua, Italy
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland; Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, USA
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw, Poland
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79
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Virzì GM, Clementi A, Brocca A, de Cal M, Ronco C. Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms Involved in the Pathogenesis of Cardiorenal Cross Talk. Pathobiology 2016; 83:201-10. [DOI: 10.1159/000444502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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80
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Royo F, Zuñiga-Garcia P, Sanchez-Mosquera P, Egia A, Perez A, Loizaga A, Arceo R, Lacasa I, Rabade A, Arrieta E, Bilbao R, Unda M, Carracedo A, Falcon-Perez JM. Different EV enrichment methods suitable for clinical settings yield different subpopulations of urinary extracellular vesicles from human samples. J Extracell Vesicles 2016; 5:29497. [PMID: 26895490 PMCID: PMC4759834 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v5.29497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine sample analysis is irreplaceable as a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis and follow-up. However, in urine samples, non-degraded protein and RNA may be only found in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs). In recent years, various methods of uEV enrichment using low volumes of urine and unsophisticated equipment have been developed, with variable success. We compared the results of the differential ultracentrifugation procedure with 4 of these methods. The methods tested were a lectin-based purification, Exoquick (System Biosciences), Total Exosome Isolation from Invitrogen and an in-house modified procedure employing the Exosomal RNA Kit from Norgen Biotek Corp. The analysis of selected gene transcripts and protein markers of extracellular vesicles (EVs) revealed that each method isolates a different mixture of uEV protein markers. In our conditions, the extraction with Norgen's reagent achieved the best performance in terms of gene transcript and protein detection and reproducibility. By using this method, we were able to detect alterations of EVs protein markers in urine samples from prostate cancer adenoma patients. Taken together, our results show that the isolation of uEVs is feasible from small volumes of urine and avoiding ultracentrifugation, making easier the analysis in a clinical facility. However, caution should be taken in the selection of the enrichment method since they have a differential affinity for protein uEVs markers and by extension for different subpopulation of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Royo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ainara Egia
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Amparo Perez
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana Loizaga
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Raquel Arceo
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Isabel Lacasa
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ainara Rabade
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Edurne Arrieta
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Roberto Bilbao
- Basque Biobank, Basque Foundation for Health Innovation and Research-BIOEF, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Miguel Unda
- Department of Urology, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain;
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81
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Moro L, Bardají A, Macete E, Barrios D, Morales-Prieto DM, España C, Mandomando I, Sigaúque B, Dobaño C, Markert UR, Benitez-Ribas D, Alonso PL, Menéndez C, Mayor A. Placental Microparticles and MicroRNAs in Pregnant Women with Plasmodium falciparum or HIV Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146361. [PMID: 26757431 PMCID: PMC4710532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During pregnancy, syncytiotrophoblast vesicles contribute to maternal tolerance towards the fetus, but also to pathologies such as pre-eclampsia. The aim of the study was to address whether Plasmodium falciparum and HIV infections in pregnancy affect the secretion, microRNA content and function of trophoblast microparticles. Methods Microparticles were isolated and characterized from 122 peripheral plasmas of Mozambican pregnant women, malaria- and/or HIV-infected and non-infected. Expression of placenta-related microRNAs in microparticles was analysed by qPCR and the effect of circulating microparticles on dendritic cells assessed by phenotype analysis and cytokine/chemokine measurement. Results Concentrations of total and trophoblast microparticles detected by flow cytometry were higher in HIV-positive (P = 0.005 and P = 0.030, respectively) compared to non-infected mothers, as well as in women delivering low birthweight newborns (P = 0.032 and P = 0.021, respectively). miR-517c was overexpressed in mothers with placental malaria (P = 0.034), compared to non-infected. Microparticles from HIV-positive induced a higher expression of MHCII (P = 0.021) and lower production of MCP1 (P = 0.008) than microparticles from non-infected women. Conclusions In summary, alterations in total and trophoblast microparticles associated with malaria and HIV in pregnant women may have an immunopathogenic role. The potential for placental-derived vesicles and microRNAs as biomarkers of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and malaria infection should be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moro
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Azucena Bardají
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Eusebio Macete
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carolina España
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Betuel Sigaúque
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Udo R. Markert
- Placenta-Labor, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Benitez-Ribas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Alonso
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique
- * E-mail:
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82
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Fatima F, Nawaz M. Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:541-53. [PMID: 26369565 PMCID: PMC4593342 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are known to maintain stemness at least in part through secreted factors that promote stem-like phenotypes in resident cells. Accumulating evidence has clarified that stem cells release nano-vesicles, known as exosomes, which may serve as mediators of cell-to-cell communication and may potentially transmit stem cell phenotypes to recipient cells, facilitating stem cell maintenance, differentiation, self-renewal, and repair. It has become apparent that stem cell-derived exosomes mediate interactions among stromal elements, promote genetic instability in recipient cells, and induce malignant transformation. This review will therefore discuss the potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the context of stromal remodeling and their ability to generate cancer-initiating cells in a tumor niche by inducing morphologic and functional differentiation of fibroblasts into tumor-initiating fibroblasts. In addition, the immunosuppressive potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer immunotherapy and their prospective applications in cell-free therapies in future translational medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Fatima
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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83
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Gray WD, Mitchell AJ, Searles CD. An accurate, precise method for general labeling of extracellular vesicles. MethodsX 2015; 2:360-7. [PMID: 26543819 PMCID: PMC4589801 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular, membrane vesicles (microvesicles, exosomes) are secreted by cells and may serve as mediators of intercellular communication. Methods for detecting them by flow cytometry have included the use of agents that fluorescently stain vesicle membrane, or fluorescent antibodies that target specific cell-of-origin antigens. However, these methods may falsely detect cell debris or require prior cell-of-origin knowledge. Here, we demonstrate the suitability of calcein AM for detection of intact extracellular vesicles (EVs) by flow cytometry.Calcein AM is non-fluorescent until it passively enters EVs, after which it is activated and becomes fluorescent and EV-impermeant. Permeabilized/lysed EVs label positive with antibodies and lipophilic membrane stain, whereas no labeling was observed with calcein. In contrast to methods that use antibodies or membrane stains, calcein AM allows for the differentiation between intact EVs and debris. Calcein AM can be used for detection of intact EVs from numerous cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren D Gray
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States ; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Adam J Mitchell
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States ; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Charles D Searles
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States ; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
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84
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Giusti I, Di Francesco M, Cantone L, D'Ascenzo S, Bollati V, Carta G, Dolo V. Time-dependent release of extracellular vesicle subpopulations in tumor CABA I cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2752-9. [PMID: 26323210 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into extracellular vesicles (EVs) have significantly increased since their role in physiological and pathological processes has become more clearly understood. Furthermore, it has become increasingly clear that several subpopulations of EVs exist, such as exosomes (EXOs) and microvesicles (MVs). Various methods and techniques used to identify and isolate the specific EVs subpopulations exist. However, these methods should be further elucidated. A deep understanding of the different factors that affect the EVs release may therefore be useful for the standardization of protocols and to establish guidelines for a more adequate analysis and correct inter‑laboratory comparison. In the present study, we investigated whether composition and molecular features of EVs altered over time following a trigger stimulus. Starved CABA I cells were stimulated with FBS and conditioned medium was collected after different time intervals (30 min and 4, 8 and 18 h). The dynamic of EVs release was time-dependent, as shown by the results of scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the time elapsed from the stimulus affected the size distribution (as highlighted by transmission electron microscopy and NanoSight assay), amount (in terms of the number of particles and protein amount) and molecular composition (CD63, HLA, Ago-2, gelatinases, and plasminogen activators) suggesting that, different EVs subpopulations were released at different time intervals following cell stimulation. Collectively, the results suggested that, parameters useful to standardize procedures for EVs isolation, including stimulation time should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Francesco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Cantone
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Molecular Epidemiology and Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Ascenzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Molecular Epidemiology and Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaspare Carta
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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85
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Yoon YJ, Kim OY, Gho YS. Extracellular vesicles as emerging intercellular communicasomes. BMB Rep 2015; 47:531-9. [PMID: 25104400 PMCID: PMC4261509 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.10.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
All living cells release extracellular vesicles having pleiotropic functions in intercellular communication. Mammalian extracellular vesicles, also known as exosomes and microvesicles, are spherical bilayered proteolipids composed of various bioactive molecules, including RNAs, DNAs, proteins, and lipids. Extracellular vesicles directly and indirectly control a diverse range of biological processes by transferring membrane proteins, signaling molecules, mRNAs, and miRNAs, and activating receptors of recipient cells. The active interaction of extracellular vesicles with other cells regulates various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent developments in high-throughput proteomics, transcriptomics, and lipidomics tools have provided ample data on the common and specific components of various types of extracellular vesicles. These studies may contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in vesicular cargo sorting and the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles, and, further, to the identification of disease-specific biomarkers. This review focuses on the components, functions, and therapeutic and diagnostic potential of extracellular vesicles under various pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Jin Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Oh Youn Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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86
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Bobis-Wozowicz S, Kmiotek K, Sekula M, Kedracka-Krok S, Kamycka E, Adamiak M, Jankowska U, Madetko-Talowska A, Sarna M, Bik-Multanowski M, Kolcz J, Boruczkowski D, Madeja Z, Dawn B, Zuba-Surma EK. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles Transmit RNAs and Proteins to Recipient Mature Heart Cells Modulating Cell Fate and Behavior. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2748-61. [PMID: 26031404 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic fragments released by normal and activated cells that have been described as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Although the ability of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to participate in tissue repair is being increasingly recognized, the use of hiPSC-derived MVs (hiPSC-MVs) in this regard remains unknown. Accordingly, we investigated the ability of hiPSC-MVs to transfer bioactive molecules including mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and proteins to mature target cells such as cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs), and we next analyzed effects of hiPSC-MVs on fate and behavior of such target cells. The results show that hiPSC-MVs derived from integration-free hiPSCs cultured under serum-free and feeder-free conditions are rich in mRNA, miRNA, and proteins originated from parent cells; however, the levels of expression vary between donor cells and MVs. Importantly, we found that transfer of hiPSC components by hiPSC-MVs impacted on transcriptome and proteomic profiles of target cells as well as exerted proliferative and protective effects on cMSCs, and enhanced their cardiac and endothelial differentiation potential. hiPSC-MVs also transferred exogenous transcripts from genetically modified hiPSCs that opens new perspectives for future strategies to enhance MV content. We conclude that hiPSC-MVs are effective vehicles for transferring iPSC attributes to adult somatic cells, and hiPSC-MV-mediated horizontal transfer of RNAs and proteins to injured tissues may be used for therapeutic tissue repair. In this study, for the first time, we propose a new concept of use of hiPSCs as a source of safe acellular bioactive derivatives for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kmiotek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Sekula
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kamycka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Adamiak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Madetko-Talowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Chair of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Kolcz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, Kansas, USA
| | - Ewa K Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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87
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Kutralam-Muniasamy G, Flores-Cotera LB, Perez-Guevara F. Potential of yeast secretory vesicles in biodelivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:659-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fuhrmann G, Herrmann IK, Stevens MM. Cell-derived vesicles for drug therapy and diagnostics: opportunities and challenges. NANO TODAY 2015; 10:397-409. [PMID: 28458718 PMCID: PMC5409525 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small lipid-based membrane-bound entities shed by cells under both physiological and pathological conditions. Their discovery as intercellular communicators through transfer of nucleic acid- and protein-based cargos between cells locally and at distance in a highly specific manner has created recent excitement. The information they transport and their composition may vary depending on the cell of origin as well as the eliciting stimulus. Such sensitive changes in vesicle characteristics hold significant promise for the improved diagnosis of pathological conditions, including infections and neoplastic lesions in a minimally invasive way. Similarly, these cell-derived vesicles exhibit promising characteristics that could enhance drug targeting efficiencies. Recent developments in the field have aimed at studying EVs as novel drug carriers due to their natural composition, biological function and selective cell interaction. In this review, we discuss new research avenues in diagnostics and drug therapy based on extracellular vesicles. We show how cell-derived vesicles can be harvested and engineered to meet application-specific design requirements. We finally discuss potential risks encountered when translating extracellular vesicle based approaches into (pre)clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Fuhrmann
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Inge K. Herrmann
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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89
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Free Extracellular miRNA Functionally Targets Cells by Transfecting Exosomes from Their Companion Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122991. [PMID: 25923429 PMCID: PMC4414541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node and spleen cells of mice doubly immunized by epicutaneous and intravenous hapten application produce a suppressive component that inhibits the action of the effector T cells that mediate contact sensitivity reactions. We recently re-investigated this phenomenon in an immunological system. CD8+ T lymphocyte-derived exosomes transferred suppressive miR-150 to the effector T cells antigen-specifically due to exosome surface coat of antibody light chains made by B1a lymphocytes. Extracellular RNA (exRNA) is protected from plasma RNases by carriage in exosomes or by chaperones. Exosome transfer of functional RNA to target cells is well described, whereas the mechanism of transfer of exRNA free of exosomes remains unclear. In the current study we describe extracellular miR-150, extracted from exosomes, yet still able to mediate antigen-specific suppression. We have determined that this was due to miR-150 association with antibody-coated exosomes produced by B1a cell companions of the effector T cells, which resulted in antigen-specific suppression of their function. Thus functional cell targeting by free exRNA can proceed by transfecting companion cell exosomes that then transfer RNA cargo to the acceptor cells. This contrasts with the classical view on release of RNA-containing exosomes from the multivesicular bodies for subsequent intercellular targeting. This new alternate pathway for transfer of exRNA between cells has distinct biological and immunological significance, and since most human blood exRNA is not in exosomes may be relevant to evaluation and treatment of diseases.
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90
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Sok Hwee Cheow E, Hwan Sim K, de Kleijn D, Neng Lee C, Sorokin V, Sze SK. Simultaneous Enrichment of Plasma Soluble and Extracellular Vesicular Glycoproteins Using Prolonged Ultracentrifugation-Electrostatic Repulsion-hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (PUC-ERLIC) Approach. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1657-71. [PMID: 25862729 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o114.046391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles represent excellent sources of disease biomarkers, but laboratory detection of these circulating structures are limited by their relatively low abundance in complex biological fluids. Although intensive research has led to the development of effective methods for the enrichment and isolation of either plasma glycoproteins or extracellular vesicles from clinical materials, at present it is not possible to enrich both structures simultaneously from individual patient sample, a method that affords the identification of biomarker combinations from both entities for the prediction of clinical outcomes will be clinically useful. We have therefore developed an enrichment method for use in mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling that couples prolonged ultracentrifugation with electrostatic repulsion-hydrophilic interaction chromatography, to facilitate the recovery of both glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles from nondepleted human plasma. Following prolonged ultracentrifugation, plasma glycoproteins and extracellular vesicles were concentrated as a yellow suspension, and simultaneous analyses of low abundant secretory and vesicular glycoproteins was achieved in a single LC-MS/MS run. Using this systematic prolonged ultracentrifugation-electrostatic repulsion-hydrophilic interaction chromatography approach, we identified a total of 127 plasma glycoproteins at a high level of confidence (FDR ≤ 1%), including 48 glycoproteins with concentrations ranging from pg to ng/ml. The novel enrichment method we report should facilitate future human plasma-based proteome and glycoproteome that will identify novel biomarkers, or combinations of secreted and vesicle-derived biomarkers, that can be used to predict clinical outcomes in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sok Hwee Cheow
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Kae Hwan Sim
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- §Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore 119228; ¶Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands & Interuniversity Cardiovascular Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- §Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore 119228; ‖National University Heart Centre, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Singapore 119228; **Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Vitaly Sorokin
- §Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore 119228; ‖National University Heart Centre, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Singapore 119228; **Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- From the ‡School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551;
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91
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Smith JA, Leonardi T, Huang B, Iraci N, Vega B, Pluchino S. Extracellular vesicles and their synthetic analogues in aging and age-associated brain diseases. Biogerontology 2015; 16:147-85. [PMID: 24973266 PMCID: PMC4578234 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms rely upon diverse and complex intercellular communications networks for a myriad of physiological processes. Disruption of these processes is implicated in the onset and propagation of disease and disorder, including the mechanisms of senescence at both cellular and organismal levels. In recent years, secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a particularly novel vector by which cell-to-cell communications are enacted. EVs actively and specifically traffic bioactive proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites between cells at local and systemic levels, modulating cellular responses in a bidirectional manner under both homeostatic and pathological conditions. EVs are being implicated not only in the generic aging process, but also as vehicles of pathology in a number of age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative and disease. Thus, circulating EVs-or specific EV cargoes-are being utilised as putative biomarkers of disease. On the other hand, EVs, as targeted intercellular shuttles of multipotent bioactive payloads, have demonstrated promising therapeutic properties, which can potentially be modulated and enhanced through cellular engineering. Furthermore, there is considerable interest in employing nanomedicinal approaches to mimic the putative therapeutic properties of EVs by employing synthetic analogues for targeted drug delivery. Herein we describe what is known about the origin and nature of EVs and subsequently review their putative roles in biology and medicine (including the use of synthetic EV analogues), with a particular focus on their role in aging and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
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92
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Cocucci E, Meldolesi J. Ectosomes and exosomes: shedding the confusion between extracellular vesicles. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:364-72. [PMID: 25683921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 996] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long- and short-distance communication can take multiple forms. Among them are exosomes and ectosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the cell to deliver signals to target cells. While most of our understanding of how these vesicles are assembled and work comes from mechanistic studies performed on exosomes, recent studies have begun to shift their focus to ectosomes. Unlike exosomes, which are released on the exocytosis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), ectosomes are ubiquitous vesicles assembled at and released from the plasma membrane. Here we review the similarities and differences between these two classes of vesicle, suggesting that, despite their considerable differences, the functions of ectosomes may be largely analogous to those of exosomes. Both vesicles appear to be promising targets in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases, especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Cocucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jacopo Meldolesi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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93
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Gámez-Valero A, Lozano-Ramos SI, Bancu I, Lauzurica-Valdemoros R, Borràs FE. Urinary extracellular vesicles as source of biomarkers in kidney diseases. Front Immunol 2015; 6:6. [PMID: 25688242 PMCID: PMC4311634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cells physiologically release vesicles as way of intercellular communication. The so-called Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) include exosomes, ectosomes, and apoptotic bodies, which basically differ in their composition and subcellular origin. Specifically, EVs found in urine reflect the state of the urinary system, from podocytes to renal-tubular cells, thus making them an excellent source of samples for the study of kidney physiology and pathology. Several groups have focused on defining biomarkers of kidney-related disorders, from graft rejection to metabolic syndromes. So far, the lack of a standard protocol for EVs isolation precludes the possibility of a proper comparison among the different biomarkers proposed in the literature, stressing the need for validation of these biomarkers not only in larger cohorts of patients but also considering the different methods for EVs isolation. In this review, we aim to gather the current knowledge about EVs-related biomarkers in kidney diseases, with a special emphasis in the methods used to date for EVs enrichment, and discussing the need for more specific protocols of EV isolation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gámez-Valero
- IVECAT-Group, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Badalona , Spain
| | | | - Ioana Bancu
- Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital , Badalona , Spain
| | | | - Francesc E Borràs
- IVECAT-Group, Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Badalona , Spain ; Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital , Badalona , Spain
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94
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Pais V, Pais ES. Intercellular communication by extracellular vesicles with emphasis on the roles of cordocytes in the human brain. An ultrastructural study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2015; 39:177-86. [PMID: 25569160 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2014.981327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe in this work the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) along different cell types, especially cordocytes, in various clinical conditions of the human brain (atherothrombotic disease, cerebral tumors, hygroma durae matris, intracerebral cysts, Moyamoya disease and parenchymatous hematoma) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). EVs, illustrated as exosomes and microvesicles, were causally related to cell-to-cell communication, and other vital functions of resident cells around the brain parenchyma, either around the cortical vessels or into the subarachnoid space and the reticular arachnoid. Our direct demonstration by TEM of these information transporters in all locations and situations where the cordocytes play coordinating and regulating roles, producing and delivering a significant number of EVs to their targets, remains to be better documented in future studies. This first study on this topic showed clearly that EVs can be important modulators of cell functions with roles in cell activation, differentiation, phenotypic change, cancer progression, from precursor/stem cells to tumoral phenotypes, because EVs are released en masse during key interactions and certain moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Pais
- Independent Researcher , Bucharest , Romania and
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95
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Microvesicles as a Biomarker for Tumor Progression versus Treatment Effect in Radiation/Temozolomide-Treated Glioblastoma Patients. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:752-8. [PMID: 25500085 PMCID: PMC4311040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard of care for glioblastoma (GB) is surgery followed by concurrent radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) and then adjuvant TMZ. This regime is associated with increased survival but also increased occurrence of equivocal imaging findings, e.g., tumor progression (TP) versus treatment effect (TE), which is also referred to as pseudoprogression (PsP). Equivocal findings make decisions regarding further treatment difficult and often delayed. Because none of the current imaging assays have proven sensitive and specific for differentiation of TP versus TE/PsP, we investigated whether blood-derived microvesicles (MVs) would be a relevant assay. METHODS: 2.8 ml of citrated blood was collected from patients with GB at the time of their RT simulation, at the end of chemoradiation therapy (CRT), and multiple times following treatment. MVs were collected following multiple centrifugations (300g, 2500g, and 15,000g). The pellet from the final spin was analyzed using flow cytometry. A diameter of approximately 300 nm or greater and Pacific Blue–labeled Annexin V positivity were used to identify the MVs reported herein. RESULTS: We analyzed 19 blood samples from 11 patients with GB. MV counts in the patients with stable disease or TE/PsP were significantly lower than patients who developed TP (P = .014). CONCLUSION: These preliminary data suggest that blood analysis for MVs from GB patients receiving CRT may be useful to distinguish TE/PsP from TP. MVs may add clarity to standard imaging for decision making in patients with equivocal imaging findings.
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96
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of unknown cause, in which chronic inflammation drives multifocal demyelination of axons in both white and gray matter in the CNS. The pathological course of the disease is heterogeneous and involves an early, predominantly inflammatory demyelinating disease phase of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), which, over a variable period of time, evolves into a progressively degenerative stage associated with axonal loss and scar formation, causing physical and cognitive disability. For patients with RRMS, there is a growing arsenal of disease-modifying agents (DMAs), with varying degrees of efficacy, as defined by reduced relapse rates, improved magnetic resonance imaging outcomes, and preservation of neurological function. Establishment of personalized treatment plans remains one of the biggest challenges in therapeutic decision-making in MS because the disease prognosis and individual therapeutic outcomes are extremely difficult to predict. Current research is aimed at discovery and validation of biomarkers that reliably measure disease progression and effective therapeutic intervention. Individual biomarker candidates with evident clinical utility are highlighted in this review and include neutralizing autoantibodies against DMAs, fetuin-A, osteopontin, isoprostanes, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13), neurofilament light and heavy, and chitinase 3-like protein. In addition, application of more advanced screening technologies has opened up new categories of biomarkers that move beyond detection of individual soluble proteins, including gene expression and autoantibody arrays, microRNAs, and circulating microvesicles/exosomes. Development of clinically useful biomarkers in MS will not only shape the practice of personalized medicine but will also serve as surrogate markers to enable investigation of innovative treatments within clinical trials that are less costly, are of shorter duration, and have more certainty of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine K. Harris
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, 521 West 57th Street, New York, NY 10019 USA
| | - Saud A. Sadiq
- Tisch Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, 521 West 57th Street, New York, NY 10019 USA
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97
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Inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, upregulated in glioblastoma multiforme, raise the levels of CRYAB in exosomes secreted by U373 glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:326-31. [PMID: 25261722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, levels of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), are elevated under traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammatory conditions and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In GBM, the levels of small heat shock protein, CRYAB (HspB5) are also reported to be elevated, where it has been shown to exert anti-apoptotic activity. Interestingly, CRYAB is secreted via exosomes by various cells. In order to understand the relation between inflammatory cytokines and CRYAB, U373 glioma cells, were stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, and their effect on CRYAB levels in cells and secreted exosomes was studied. Our results show that U373 cells produce and secrete CRYAB via exosomes and that stimulation with IL-1β and TNF-α significantly increase the levels of CRYAB in not only the cells but also in the secreted exosomes. In addition, cytokine stimulation of U373 cells brings about changes in the secreted exosomal proteome, many of which are involved in cancer progression.
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98
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Contreras H, Joens MS, McMath LM, Le VP, Tullius MV, Kimmey JM, Bionghi N, Horwitz MA, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Goulding CW. Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis nanocompartment and its potential cargo proteins. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18279-89. [PMID: 24855650 PMCID: PMC4140288 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved various mechanisms by which the bacterium can maintain homeostasis under numerous environmental assaults generated by the host immune response. M. tuberculosis harbors enzymes involved in the oxidative stress response that aid in survival during the production of reactive oxygen species in activated macrophages. Previous studies have shown that a dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) is encapsulated by a bacterial nanocompartment, encapsulin (Enc), whereby packaged DyP interacts with Enc via a unique C-terminal extension. M. tuberculosis also harbors an encapsulin homolog (CFP-29, Mt-Enc), within an operon with M. tuberculosis DyP (Mt-DyP), which contains a C-terminal extension. Together these observations suggest that Mt-DyP interacts with Mt-Enc. Furthermore, it has been suggested that DyPs may function as either a heme-dependent peroxidase or a deferrochelatase. Like Mt-DyP, M. tuberculosis iron storage ferritin protein, Mt-BfrB, and an M. tuberculosis protein involved in folate biosynthesis, 7,8-dihydroneopterin aldolase (Mt-FolB), have C-terminal tails that could also interact with Mt-Enc. For the first time, we show by co-purification and electron microscopy that mycobacteria via Mt-Enc can encapsulate Mt-DyP, Mt-BfrB, and Mt-FolB. Functional studies of free or encapsulated proteins demonstrate that they retain their enzymatic activity within the Mt-Enc nanocompartment. Mt-DyP, Mt-FolB, and Mt-BfrB all have antioxidant properties, suggesting that if these proteins are encapsulated by Mt-Enc, then this nanocage may play a role in the M. tuberculosis oxidative stress response. This report provides initial structural and biochemical clues regarding the molecular mechanisms that utilize compartmentalization by which the mycobacterial cell may aid in detoxification of the local environment to ensure long term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Contreras
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and
| | - Matthew S Joens
- the Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Lisa M McMath
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and
| | - Vincent P Le
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and
| | - Michael V Tullius
- the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Jaqueline M Kimmey
- the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Neda Bionghi
- the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Marcus A Horwitz
- the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- the Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Celia W Goulding
- From the Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
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99
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Jaworski E, Narayanan A, Van Duyne R, Shabbeer-Meyering S, Iordanskiy S, Saifuddin M, Das R, Afonso PV, Sampey GC, Chung M, Popratiloff A, Shrestha B, Sehgal M, Jain P, Vertes A, Mahieux R, Kashanchi F. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-infected cells secrete exosomes that contain Tax protein. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22284-305. [PMID: 24939845 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.549659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. The HTLV-1 transactivator protein Tax controls many critical cellular pathways, including host cell DNA damage response mechanisms, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Extracellular vesicles called exosomes play critical roles during pathogenic viral infections as delivery vehicles for host and viral components, including proteins, mRNA, and microRNA. We hypothesized that exosomes derived from HTLV-1-infected cells contain unique host and viral proteins that may contribute to HTLV-1-induced pathogenesis. We found exosomes derived from infected cells to contain Tax protein and proinflammatory mediators as well as viral mRNA transcripts, including Tax, HBZ, and Env. Furthermore, we observed that exosomes released from HTLV-1-infected Tax-expressing cells contributed to enhanced survival of exosome-recipient cells when treated with Fas antibody. This survival was cFLIP-dependent, with Tax showing induction of NF-κB in exosome-recipient cells. Finally, IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cells that received Tax-containing exosomes were protected from apoptosis through activation of AKT. Similar experiments with primary cultures showed protection and survival of peripheral blood mononuclear cells even in the absence of phytohemagglutinin/IL-2. Surviving cells contained more phosphorylated Rb, consistent with the role of Tax in regulation of the cell cycle. Collectively, these results suggest that exosomes may play an important role in extracellular delivery of functional HTLV-1 proteins and mRNA to recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Jaworski
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Rachel Van Duyne
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine and
| | - Shabana Shabbeer-Meyering
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Sergey Iordanskiy
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine and
| | - Mohammed Saifuddin
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Ravi Das
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Philippe V Afonso
- the Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France, CNRS, UMR3569, F-75015 Paris, France, and
| | - Gavin C Sampey
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Myung Chung
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- the Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D. C. 20037
| | - Bindesh Shrestha
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20037
| | - Mohit Sehgal
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902
| | - Pooja Jain
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902
| | - Akos Vertes
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20037
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- the Equipe Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, Equipe labelisée "Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer," International Center for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69364 Cedex 07, France
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- From the School of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110,
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100
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Szostak N, Royo F, Rybarczyk A, Szachniuk M, Blazewicz J, del Sol A, Falcon-Perez JM. Sorting signal targeting mRNA into hepatic extracellular vesicles. RNA Biol 2014; 11:836-44. [PMID: 24921245 DOI: 10.4161/rna.29305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication mediated by extracellular vesicles has proved to play an important role in normal and pathological scenarios. However not too much information about the sorting mechanisms involved in loading the vesicles is available. Recently, our group has characterized the mRNA content of vesicles released by hepatic cellular systems, showing that a set of transcripts was particularly enriched in the vesicles in comparison with their intracellular abundance. In the current work, based on in silico bioinformatics tools, we have mapped a novel sequence of 12 nucleotides C[TA]G[GC][AGT]G[CT]C[AT]GG[GA], which is significantly enriched in the set of mRNAs that accumulate in extracellular vesicles. By including a 3'-UTR containing this sequence in a luciferase mRNA reporter, we have shown that in a hepatic cellular system this reporter mRNA was incorporated into extracellular vesicles. This study identifies a sorting signal in mRNAs that is involved in their enrichment in EVs, within a hepatic non-tumoral cellular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szostak
- Institute of Computing Science; Poznan University of Technology; Poznan, Poland
| | - Felix Royo
- Metabolomics Unit; CIC bioGUNE; CIBERehd; Bizkaia Technology Park; Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk
- Institute of Computing Science; Poznan University of Technology; Poznan, Poland; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Szachniuk
- Institute of Computing Science; Poznan University of Technology; Poznan, Poland; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Blazewicz
- Institute of Computing Science; Poznan University of Technology; Poznan, Poland; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Poznan, Poland
| | - Antonio del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB); University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Metabolomics Unit; CIC bioGUNE; CIBERehd; Bizkaia Technology Park; Derio, Bizkaia Spain; IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; Bilbao, Spain
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