51
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Huang S, Yang L, Zhao L, Xu R, Wu Y. Novel In-Frame Deletion Mutation in NOTCH1 in a Chinese Sporadic Case of Adams-Oliver Syndrome. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:783-789. [PMID: 32129674 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and terminal transverse limb defects. The etiology of AOS has remained largely unknown, although mutations in the notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1) gene are most common genetic alteration associated with this disease. In this study, we aimed to identify the case of a 6-year-old boy, who presented with large ACC of the scalp and aortic valve stenosis, suggesting the possibility of AOS. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel, de novo, in-frame deletion in the NOTCH1 gene (NOTCH1 c.1292_1294del, p.Asn431del) in the patient. The p.Asn431del variant was evaluated by several in silico analyses, which predicted that the mutant was likely to be pathogenic. In addition, molecular modeling with the PyMOL Molecular Graphics System suggested that the NOTCH1-N431del destabilizes calcium ion chelation, leading to decreased receptor-ligand binding efficiency. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed further significant downregulation of the Notch target genes, hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1 (HEY1) and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 (HES1), suggesting that this mutation causes disease through dysregulation of the Notch signaling pathway. Our study provides evidence that the NOTCH1-N431del mutation is responsible for this case of AOS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with AOS caused by NOTCH1 mutation in Asia, and this information will be useful for providing the family with genetic counseling that can help to guide their future plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqiu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rang Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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52
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Saygin D, Tabib T, Bittar HET, Valenzi E, Sembrat J, Chan SY, Rojas M, Lafyatis R. Transcriptional profiling of lung cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:10.1177_2045894020908782. [PMID: 32166015 PMCID: PMC7052475 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020908782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent improvements in management of idiopathic pulmonary arterial
hypertension, mortality remains high. Understanding the alterations in the
transcriptome–phenotype of the key lung cells involved could provide insight
into the drivers of pathogenesis. In this study, we examined differential gene
expression of cell types implicated in idiopathic pulmonary arterial
hypertension from lung explants of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial
hypertension compared to control lungs. After tissue digestion, we analyzed all
cells from three idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and six control
lungs using droplet-based single cell RNA-sequencing. After dimensional
reduction by t-stochastic neighbor embedding, we compared the transcriptomes of
endothelial cells, pericyte/smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and macrophage
clusters, examining differential gene expression and pathways implicated by
analysis of Gene Ontology Enrichment. We found that endothelial cells and
pericyte/smooth muscle cells had the most differentially expressed gene profile
compared to other cell types. Top differentially upregulated genes in
endothelial cells included novel genes: ROBO4, APCDD1, NDST1, MMRN2,
NOTCH4, and DOCK6, as well as previously reported
genes: ENG, ORAI2, TFDP1, KDR, AMOTL2, PDGFB, FGFR1, EDN1, and
NOTCH1. Several transcription factors were also found to be
upregulated in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension endothelial cells
including SOX18, STRA13, LYL1, and ELK, which
have known roles in regulating endothelial cell phenotype. In particular,
SOX18 was implicated through bioinformatics analyses in
regulating the idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension endothelial cell
transcriptome. Furthermore, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
endothelial cells upregulated expression of FAM60A and
HDAC7, potentially affecting epigenetic changes in
idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension endothelial cells. Pericyte/smooth
muscle cells expressed genes implicated in regulation of cellular apoptosis and
extracellular matrix organization, and several ligands for genes showing
increased expression in endothelial cells. In conclusion, our study represents
the first detailed look at the transcriptomic landscape across idiopathic
pulmonary arterial hypertension lung cells and provides robust insight into
alterations that occur in vivo in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Saygin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Humberto E T Bittar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eleanor Valenzi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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53
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Notch Signaling in Skeletal Development, Homeostasis and Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020332. [PMID: 32092942 PMCID: PMC7072615 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development is a complex process which requires the tight regulation of gene activation and suppression in response to local signaling pathways. Among these pathways, Notch signaling is implicated in governing cell fate determination, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of skeletal cells-osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes. Moreover, human genetic mutations in Notch components emphasize the critical roles of Notch signaling in skeletal development and homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the physiological roles of Notch signaling in skeletogenesis, postnatal bone and cartilage homeostasis and fracture repair. We also discuss the pathological gain- and loss-of-function of Notch signaling in bone and cartilage, resulting in osteosarcoma and age-related degenerative diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Understanding the physiological and pathological function of Notch signaling in skeletal tissues using animal models and human genetics will provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and offer novel approaches for the treatment of bone/cartilage diseases.
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54
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Adashek JJ, Kato S, Lippman SM, Kurzrock R. The paradox of cancer genes in non-malignant conditions: implications for precision medicine. Genome Med 2020; 12:16. [PMID: 32066498 PMCID: PMC7027240 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-0714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has enabled patient selection for targeted drugs, some of which have shown remarkable efficacy in cancers that have the cognate molecular signatures. Intriguingly, rapidly emerging data indicate that altered genes representing oncogenic drivers can also be found in sporadic non-malignant conditions, some of which have negligible and/or low potential for transformation to cancer. For instance, activating KRAS mutations are discerned in endometriosis and in brain arteriovenous malformations, inactivating TP53 tumor suppressor mutations in rheumatoid arthritis synovium, and AKT, MAPK, and AMPK pathway gene alterations in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Furthermore, these types of alterations may also characterize hereditary conditions that result in diverse disabilities and that are associated with a range of lifetime susceptibility to the development of cancer, varying from near universal to no elevated risk. Very recently, the repurposing of targeted cancer drugs for non-malignant conditions that are associated with these genomic alterations has yielded therapeutic successes. For instance, the phenotypic manifestations of CLOVES syndrome, which is characterized by tissue overgrowth and complex vascular anomalies that result from the activation of PIK3CA mutations, can be ameliorated by the PIK3CA inhibitor alpelisib, which was developed and approved for breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the profound implications of finding molecular alterations in non-malignant conditions that are indistinguishable from those driving cancers, with respect to our understanding of the genomic basis of medicine, the potential confounding effects in early cancer detection that relies on sensitive blood tests for oncogenic mutations, and the possibility of reverse repurposing drugs that are used in oncology in order to ameliorate non-malignant illnesses and/or to prevent the emergence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Adashek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shumei Kato
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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55
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Yamamoto S. Making sense out of missense mutations: Mechanistic dissection of Notch receptors through structure-function studies in Drosophila. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:15-34. [PMID: 31943162 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in the development of almost all organ systems and is required post-developmentally to modulate tissue homeostasis. Rare variants in Notch signaling pathway genes are found in patients with rare Mendelian disorders, while unique or recurrent somatic mutations in a similar set of genes are identified in cancer. The human genome contains four genes that encode Notch receptors, NOTCH1-4, all of which are linked to genetic diseases and cancer. Although some mutations have been classified as clear loss- or gain-of-function alleles based on cellular or rodent based assay systems, the functional consequence of many variants/mutations in human Notch receptors remain unknown. In this review, I will first provide an overview of the domain structure of Notch receptors and discuss how each module is known to regulate Notch signaling activity in vivo using the Drosophila Notch receptor as an example. Next, I will introduce some interesting mutant alleles that have been isolated in the fly Notch gene over the past > 100 years of research and discuss how studies of these mutations have facilitated the understanding of Notch biology. By identifying unique alleles of the fly Notch gene through forward genetic screens, mapping their molecular lesions and characterizing their phenotypes in depth, one can begin to unravel new mechanistic insights into how different domains of Notch fine-tune signaling output. Such information can be useful in deciphering the functional consequences of rare variants/mutations in human Notch receptors, which in turn can influence disease management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.,Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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56
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Reichrath J, Reichrath S. Notch Pathway and Inherited Diseases: Challenge and Promise. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1218:159-187. [PMID: 32060876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34436-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary highly conserved Notch pathway governs many cellular core processes including cell fate decisions. Although it is characterized by a simple molecular design, Notch signaling, which first developed in metazoans, represents one of the most important pathways that govern embryonic development. Consequently, a broad variety of independent inherited diseases linked to defective Notch signaling has now been identified, including Alagille, Adams-Oliver, and Hajdu-Cheney syndromes, CADASIL (cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy), early-onset arteriopathy with cavitating leukodystrophy, lateral meningocele syndrome, and infantile myofibromatosis. In this review, we give a brief overview on molecular pathology and clinical findings in congenital diseases linked to the Notch pathway. Moreover, we discuss future developments in basic science and clinical practice that may emerge from recent progress in our understanding of the role of Notch in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, The Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Sandra Reichrath
- Department of Dermatology, The Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
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57
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Urata Y, Takeuchi H. Effects of Notch glycosylation on health and diseases. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 62:35-48. [PMID: 31886522 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway and is essential for cell-fate specification in metazoans. Dysregulation of Notch signaling results in various human diseases, including cardiovascular defects and cancer. In 2000, Fringe, a known regulator of Notch signaling, was discovered as a Notch-modifying glycosyltransferase. Since then, glycosylation-a post-translational modification involving literal sugars-on the Notch extracellular domain has been noted as a critical mechanism for the regulation of Notch signaling. Additionally, the presence of diverse O-glycans decorating Notch receptors has been revealed in the extracellular domain epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. Here, we concisely summarize the recent studies in the human diseases associated with aberrant Notch glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Urata
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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58
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Nees SN, Chung WK. The genetics of isolated congenital heart disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 184:97-106. [PMID: 31876989 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms underlying congenital heart disease (CHD) are complex and remain incompletely understood. The majority of patients with CHD have an isolated heart defect without other organ system involvement, but the genetic basis of isolated CHD has been even more difficult to elucidate compared to syndromic CHD. Our understanding of the genetics of isolated CHD is advancing in large part due to advances in next generation sequencing, and the list of genes associated with CHD is rapidly expanding. Variants in hundreds of genes have been identified that may cause or contribute to CHD, but a genetic cause can still only be identified in about 20-30% of patients. Identifying a genetic cause for CHD can have an impact on clinical outcomes and prognosis and thus it is important for clinicians to understand when and what to test in patients with isolated CHD. This chapter reviews some of the known genetic mechanisms that contribute to isolated inherited and sporadic CHD as well as recommendations for evaluation and genetic testing in patients with isolated CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Nees
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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59
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Page DJ, Miossec MJ, Williams SG, Monaghan RM, Fotiou E, Cordell HJ, Sutcliffe L, Topf A, Bourgey M, Bourque G, Eveleigh R, Dunwoodie SL, Winlaw DS, Bhattacharya S, Breckpot J, Devriendt K, Gewillig M, Brook JD, Setchfield KJ, Bu'Lock FA, O'Sullivan J, Stuart G, Bezzina CR, Mulder BJM, Postma AV, Bentham JR, Baron M, Bhaskar SS, Black GC, Newman WG, Hentges KE, Lathrop GM, Santibanez-Koref M, Keavney BD. Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals the Major Genetic Contributors to Nonsyndromic Tetralogy of Fallot. Circ Res 2019; 124:553-563. [PMID: 30582441 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Familial recurrence studies provide strong evidence for a genetic component to the predisposition to sporadic, nonsyndromic Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease phenotype. Rare genetic variants have been identified as important contributors to the risk of congenital heart disease, but relatively small numbers of TOF cases have been studied to date. OBJECTIVE We used whole exome sequencing to assess the prevalence of unique, deleterious variants in the largest cohort of nonsyndromic TOF patients reported to date. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight hundred twenty-nine TOF patients underwent whole exome sequencing. The presence of unique, deleterious variants was determined; defined by their absence in the Genome Aggregation Database and a scaled combined annotation-dependent depletion score of ≥20. The clustering of variants in 2 genes, NOTCH1 and FLT4, surpassed thresholds for genome-wide significance (assigned as P<5×10-8) after correction for multiple comparisons. NOTCH1 was most frequently found to harbor unique, deleterious variants. Thirty-one changes were observed in 37 probands (4.5%; 95% CI, 3.2%-6.1%) and included 7 loss-of-function variants 22 missense variants and 2 in-frame indels. Sanger sequencing of the unaffected parents of 7 cases identified 5 de novo variants. Three NOTCH1 variants (p.G200R, p.C607Y, and p.N1875S) were subjected to functional evaluation, and 2 showed a reduction in Jagged1-induced NOTCH signaling. FLT4 variants were found in 2.4% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.8%) of TOF patients, with 21 patients harboring 22 unique, deleterious variants. The variants identified were distinct to those that cause the congenital lymphoedema syndrome Milroy disease. In addition to NOTCH1, FLT4 and the well-established TOF gene, TBX1, we identified potential association with variants in several other candidates, including RYR1, ZFPM1, CAMTA2, DLX6, and PCM1. CONCLUSIONS The NOTCH1 locus is the most frequent site of genetic variants predisposing to nonsyndromic TOF, followed by FLT4. Together, variants in these genes are found in almost 7% of TOF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Page
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
| | - Matthieu J Miossec
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.J.M., H.J.C., L.S., A.T., M.S.-K.).,Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile (M.J.M.)
| | - Simon G Williams
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
| | - Richard M Monaghan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
| | - Elisavet Fotiou
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.J.M., H.J.C., L.S., A.T., M.S.-K.)
| | | | - Ana Topf
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.J.M., H.J.C., L.S., A.T., M.S.-K.)
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B.).,McGill Genome Center, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B., G.B., R.E., G.M.L.)
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- McGill Genome Center, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B., G.B., R.E., G.M.L.)
| | - Robert Eveleigh
- McGill Genome Center, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B., G.B., R.E., G.M.L.)
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Chain Reaction Program in Congenital Heart Disease Research, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (S.L.D.).,Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney (S.L.D.).,Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW (S.L.D.)
| | - David S Winlaw
- School of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney (D.S.W.).,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.S.W.).,RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford (D.S.W., S.B.)
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford (D.S.W., S.B.).,Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium (S.B., J.B., K.D.)
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium (S.B., J.B., K.D.).,Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven (J.B., M.G.)
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium (S.B., J.B., K.D.)
| | - Marc Gewillig
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven (J.B., M.G.)
| | - J David Brook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre (J.D.B., K.J.S.)
| | - Kerry J Setchfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre (J.D.B., K.J.S.)
| | - Frances A Bu'Lock
- Congenital and Paediatric Cardiology, East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre and University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital (F.A.B.)
| | - John O'Sullivan
- Adult Congenital and Paediatric Cardiac Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.O.)
| | - Graham Stuart
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol (G.S.)
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology (C.R.B.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara J M Mulder
- Department of Medical Biology (B.J.M.M.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Clinical Genetics (A.V.P.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - James R Bentham
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds (J.R.B.)
| | - Martin Baron
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester (M.B.)
| | - Sanjeev S Bhaskar
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford, Manchester (S.S.B., G.C.B.)
| | - Graeme C Black
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford, Manchester (S.S.B., G.C.B.)
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford (W.G.N.); and Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - G Mark Lathrop
- McGill Genome Center, Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B., G.B., R.E., G.M.L.)
| | - Mauro Santibanez-Koref
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.J.M., H.J.C., L.S., A.T., M.S.-K.)
| | - Bernard D Keavney
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (D.J.P., S.G.W., R.M.M., E.F., B.D.K.)
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60
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Dudoignon B, Huber C, Michot C, Di Rocco F, Girard M, Lyonnet S, Rio M, Rabia SH, Daire VC, Baujat G. Expanding the phenotype in Adams-Oliver syndrome correlating with the genotype. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:29-37. [PMID: 31654484 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a genetic disorder characterized by the association of aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), terminal transverse limb defect (TTLD), congenital cardiac malformation (CCM), and minor features, such as cutaneous, neurological, and hepatic abnormalities (HAs). The aim of the study is to emphasize phenotype-genotype correlations in AOS. METHODS We studied 29 AOS patients. We recorded retrospectively detailed phenotype data, including clinical examination, biological analyses, and imaging. The molecular analysis was performed through whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS Twenty-nine patients (100%) presented with ACC, the principal inclusion criteria in the study. Seventeen of twenty-one (81%) had cutis marmorata telangiectasia congenita, 16/26 (62%) had TTLD, 14/23 (61%) had CCM, 7/20 (35%) had HAs, and 9/27 (33%) had neurological findings. WES was performed in 25 patients. Fourteen of twenty-five (56%) had alterations in the genes already described in AOS. CCM and HAs are particularly associated with the NOTCH1 genotype. TTLD is present in patients with DOCK6 and EOGT alterations. Neurological findings of variable degree were associated sometimes with DOCK6 and NOTCH1 rarely with EOGT. CONCLUSION AOS is characterized by a clinical and molecular variability. It appears that degrees of genotype-phenotype correlations exist for patients with identified pathogenic mutations, underlining the need to undertake a systematic but adjusted multidisciplinary assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dudoignon
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Clinique, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Celine Huber
- INSERM, UMR1163, Iimagine Institute, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Michot
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Clinique, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1163, Iimagine Institute, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Paris, France
| | | | - Muriel Girard
- AP-HP, Liver Unit, National Reference Center for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants malades (INEM), Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Clinique, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Clinique, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Smail Hadj Rabia
- AP-HP, Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), INSERM U1163, Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier Daire
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Clinique, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1163, Iimagine Institute, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- AP-HP, Service de Génétique Clinique, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR1163, Iimagine Institute, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Paris, France
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61
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Pierpont ME, Brueckner M, Chung WK, Garg V, Lacro RV, McGuire AL, Mital S, Priest JR, Pu WT, Roberts A, Ware SM, Gelb BD, Russell MW. Genetic Basis for Congenital Heart Disease: Revisited: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 138:e653-e711. [PMID: 30571578 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an updated summary of the state of our knowledge of the genetic contributions to the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Since 2007, when the initial American Heart Association scientific statement on the genetic basis of congenital heart disease was published, new genomic techniques have become widely available that have dramatically changed our understanding of the causes of congenital heart disease and, clinically, have allowed more accurate definition of the pathogeneses of congenital heart disease in patients of all ages and even prenatally. Information is presented on new molecular testing techniques and their application to congenital heart disease, both isolated and associated with other congenital anomalies or syndromes. Recent advances in the understanding of copy number variants, syndromes, RASopathies, and heterotaxy/ciliopathies are provided. Insights into new research with congenital heart disease models, including genetically manipulated animals such as mice, chicks, and zebrafish, as well as human induced pluripotent stem cell-based approaches are provided to allow an understanding of how future research breakthroughs for congenital heart disease are likely to happen. It is anticipated that this review will provide a large range of health care-related personnel, including pediatric cardiologists, pediatricians, adult cardiologists, thoracic surgeons, obstetricians, geneticists, genetic counselors, and other related clinicians, timely information on the genetic aspects of congenital heart disease. The objective is to provide a comprehensive basis for interdisciplinary care for those with congenital heart disease.
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62
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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63
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Abstract
Systems medicine is a holistic approach to deciphering the complexity of human physiology in health and disease. In essence, a living body is constituted of networks of dynamically interacting units (molecules, cells, organs, etc) that underlie its collective functions. Declining resilience because of aging and other chronic environmental exposures drives the system to transition from a health state to a disease state; these transitions, triggered by acute perturbations or chronic disturbance, manifest as qualitative shifts in the interactions and dynamics of the disease-perturbed networks. Understanding health-to-disease transitions poses a high-dimensional nonlinear reconstruction problem that requires deep understanding of biology and innovation in study design, technology, and data analysis. With a focus on the principles of systems medicine, this Review discusses approaches for deciphering this biological complexity from a novel perspective, namely, understanding how disease-perturbed networks function; their study provides insights into fundamental disease mechanisms. The immediate goals for systems medicine are to identify early transitions to cardiovascular (and other chronic) diseases and to accelerate the translation of new preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic targets into clinical practice, a critical step in the development of personalized, predictive, preventive, and participatory (P4) medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Trachana
- From the Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (K.T., R.B., G.G., N.D.P., S.H., L.E.H.)
| | - Rhishikesh Bargaje
- From the Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (K.T., R.B., G.G., N.D.P., S.H., L.E.H.)
| | - Gustavo Glusman
- From the Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (K.T., R.B., G.G., N.D.P., S.H., L.E.H.)
| | - Nathan D Price
- From the Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (K.T., R.B., G.G., N.D.P., S.H., L.E.H.)
| | - Sui Huang
- From the Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (K.T., R.B., G.G., N.D.P., S.H., L.E.H.).,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (S.H.)
| | - Leroy E Hood
- From the Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA (K.T., R.B., G.G., N.D.P., S.H., L.E.H.)
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64
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Schröder KC, Duman D, Tekin M, Schanze D, Sukalo M, Meester J, Wuyts W, Zenker M. Adams–Oliver syndrome caused by mutations of the
EOGT
gene. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2246-2251. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim C. Schröder
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Duygu Duman
- Division of Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Department of PediatricsAnkara University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey
- Department of AudiologyAnkara University Faculty of Health Sciences Ankara Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tekin
- Division of Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Department of PediatricsAnkara University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, and Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Maja Sukalo
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Josephina Meester
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium
| | - Wim Wuyts
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
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65
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Antfolk D, Antila C, Kemppainen K, Landor SKJ, Sahlgren C. Decoding the PTM-switchboard of Notch. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118507. [PMID: 31301363 PMCID: PMC7116576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The developmentally indispensable Notch pathway exhibits a high grade of pleiotropism in its biological output. Emerging evidence supports the notion of post-translational modifications (PTMs) as a modus operandi controlling dynamic fine-tuning of Notch activity. Although, the intricacy of Notch post-translational regulation, as well as how these modifications lead to multiples of divergent Notch phenotypes is still largely unknown, numerous studies show a correlation between the site of modification and the output. These include glycosylation of the extracellular domain of Notch modulating ligand binding, and phosphorylation of the PEST domain controlling half-life of the intracellular domain of Notch. Furthermore, several reports show that multiple PTMs can act in concert, or compete for the same sites to drive opposite outputs. However, further investigation of the complex PTM crosstalk is required for a complete understanding of the PTM-mediated Notch switchboard. In this review, we aim to provide a consistent and up-to-date summary of the currently known PTMs acting on the Notch signaling pathway, their functions in different contexts, as well as explore their implications in physiology and disease. Furthermore, we give an overview of the present state of PTM research methodology, and allude to a future with PTM-targeted Notch therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Antila
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Kemppainen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sebastian K-J Landor
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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66
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Gain-of-Function Mutations in KCNN3 Encoding the Small-Conductance Ca 2+-Activated K + Channel SK3 Cause Zimmermann-Laband Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1139-1157. [PMID: 31155282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zimmermann-Laband syndrome (ZLS) is characterized by coarse facial features with gingival enlargement, intellectual disability (ID), hypertrichosis, and hypoplasia or aplasia of nails and terminal phalanges. De novo missense mutations in KCNH1 and KCNK4, encoding K+ channels, have been identified in subjects with ZLS and ZLS-like phenotype, respectively. We report de novo missense variants in KCNN3 in three individuals with typical clinical features of ZLS. KCNN3 (SK3/KCa2.3) constitutes one of three members of the small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels that are part of a multiprotein complex consisting of the pore-forming channel subunits, the constitutively bound Ca2+ sensor calmodulin, protein kinase CK2, and protein phosphatase 2A. CK2 modulates Ca2+ sensitivity of the channels by phosphorylating SK-bound calmodulin. Patch-clamp whole-cell recordings of KCNN3 channel-expressing CHO cells demonstrated that disease-associated mutations result in gain of function of the mutant channels, characterized by increased Ca2+ sensitivity leading to faster and more complete activation of KCNN3 mutant channels. Pretreatment of cells with the CK2 inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole revealed basal inhibition of wild-type and mutant KCNN3 channels by CK2. Analogous experiments with the KCNN3 p.Val450Leu mutant previously identified in a family with portal hypertension indicated basal constitutive channel activity and thus a different gain-of-function mechanism compared to the ZLS-associated mutant channels. With the report on de novo KCNK4 mutations in subjects with facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, epilepsy, ID, and gingival overgrowth, we propose to combine the phenotypes caused by mutations in KCNH1, KCNK4, and KCNN3 in a group of neurological potassium channelopathies caused by an increase in K+ conductance.
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67
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Digilio MC, Magliozzi M, Di Pede A, Valfrè L, Dentici ML, Auriti C, Marino B, Novelli A, Dallapiccola B. Familial aggregation of "apple peel" intestinal atresia and cardiac left-sided obstructive lesions: A possible causal relationship with NOTCH1 gene mutations. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1570-1574. [PMID: 31111652 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
"Apple peel" intestinal atresia is a rare form of small bowel atresia, in which the duodenum or proximal jejunum ends in a blind pouch and the distal small bowel wraps around its vascular supply, in a spiral resembling an apple peel. The etiology of "apple peel" intestinal atresia is presently unknown, although a congenital or acquired intestinal vascular accident can have a role in the pathogenesis. We report a family in which the proband affected by "apple peel" intestinal atresia, had a sibling (an interrupted pregnancy), and a paternal cousin with cardiac left-sided obstructive lesions. Molecular testing for NOTCH1 gene was carried out in the proband, because pathogenic mutations in this gene have been associated with familial and sporadic cardiac left-sided obstructive lesions and vascular anomalies, both isolated or within the spectrum of the Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). The heterozygous c.2734C>T (p.Arg912Trp) NOTCH1 variant was found in the proband with "apple peel" intestinal atresia and in his father. This result argues for a possible causal relationship between NOTCH1 gene mutations and some forms of intestinal defects, through a vascular mechanism. The spectrum of NOTCH1-associated malformations is widened. Genetic counseling should take into account intrafamilial variable clinical expression and incomplete penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cristina Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Neonatal Surgery Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Rectorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Magliozzi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Neonatal Surgery Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Rectorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Pede
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Neonatal Surgery Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Rectorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Valfrè
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Neonatal Surgery Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Rectorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Neonatal Surgery Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Rectorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Auriti
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Neonatal Surgery Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Rectorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Neonatal Surgery Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Rectorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Medical Genetics Unit, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Neonatal Surgery Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Scientific Rectorate, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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68
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Helle E, Córdova-Palomera A, Ojala T, Saha P, Potiny P, Gustafsson S, Ingelsson E, Bamshad M, Nickerson D, Chong JX, Ashley E, Priest JR. Loss of function, missense, and intronic variants in NOTCH1 confer different risks for left ventricular outflow tract obstructive heart defects in two European cohorts. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 43:215-226. [PMID: 30511478 PMCID: PMC6375786 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of function variants in NOTCH1 cause left ventricular outflow tract obstructive defects (LVOTO). However, the risk conferred by rare and noncoding variants in NOTCH1 for LVOTO remains largely uncharacterized. In a cohort of 49 families affected by hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a severe form of LVOTO, we discovered predicted loss of function NOTCH1 variants in 6% of individuals. Rare or low-frequency missense variants were found in 16% of families. To make a quantitative estimate of the genetic risk posed by variants in NOTCH1 for LVOTO, we studied associations of 400 coding and noncoding variants in NOTCH1 in 1,085 cases and 332,788 controls from the UK Biobank. Two rare intronic variants in strong linkage disequilibrium displayed significant association with risk for LVOTO amongst European-ancestry individuals. This result was replicated in an independent analysis of 210 cases and 68,762 controls of non-European and mixed ancestry. In conclusion, carrying rare predicted loss of function variants in NOTCH1 confer significant risk for LVOTO. In addition, the two intronic variants seem to be associated with an increased risk for these defects. Our approach demonstrates the utility of population-based data sets in quantifying the specific risk of individual variants for disease-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Helle
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tiina Ojala
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Praneetha Potiny
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jessica X Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Euan Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - James R Priest
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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69
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Ogawa M, Okajima T. Structure and function of extracellular O-GlcNAc. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:72-77. [PMID: 30669087 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular O-GlcNAc is a unique modification restricted to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-containing glycoproteins. This O-GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by the EGF-domain specific O-GlcNAc transferase (EOGT), which is localized in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum. In humans, EOGT is one of the causative genes of a congenital disease, Adams-Oliver syndrome. EOGT is highly expressed in endothelial cells and regulates vascular development and integrity by potentiating Delta-like ligand-mediated Notch signaling. In Drosophila, Eogt modifies Dumpy, an apical extracellular matrix glycoprotein, and affects Dumpy-dependent cell-matrix interaction. In this review, we summarize the current findings of the structure and functions of extracellular O-GlcNAc in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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70
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Southgate L. Current opinion in the molecular genetics of Adams-Oliver syndrome. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1559049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Southgate
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK
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71
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Tashima Y, Okajima T. Congenital diseases caused by defective O-glycosylation of Notch receptors. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 80:299-307. [PMID: 30214079 PMCID: PMC6125653 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.80.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is highly conserved and essential for animal development. It is required for cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation. Regulation of Notch signaling is a crucial process for human health. Ligands initiate a signal cascade by binding to Notch receptors expressed on a neighboring cell. Notch receptors interact with ligands through their epidermal growth factor-like repeats (EGF repeats). Most EGF repeats are modified by O-glycosylation with residues such as O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), O-fucose, and O-glucose. These O-glycan modifications are important for Notch function. Defects in O-glycosylation affect Notch-ligand interaction, trafficking of Notch receptors, and Notch stability on the cell surface. Although the roles of each modification are not fully understood, O-fucose is essential for binding of Notch receptors to their ligands. We reported an EGF domain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase (EOGT) localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in genes encoding EOGT or NOTCH1 cause Adams-Oliver syndrome. Dysregulation of Notch signaling because of defects or mutations in Notch receptors or Notch signal-regulating proteins, such as glycosyltransferases, induce a variety of congenital disorders. In this review, we discuss O-glycosylation of Notch receptors and congenital human diseases caused by defects in O-glycans on Notch receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tashima
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
Notch (Notch1 through 4) are transmembrane receptors that play a fundamental role in cell differentiation and function. Notch receptors are activated following interactions with their ligands in neighboring cells. There are five classic ligands termed Jagged (Jag)1 and Jag2 and Delta-like (Dll)1, Dll3, and Dll4. Recent work has established Notch as a signaling pathway that plays a critical role in the differentiation and function of cells of the osteoblast and osteoclast lineages and in skeletal development and bone remodeling. The effects of Notch are cell-context dependent, and the four Notch receptors carry out specific functions in the skeleton. Gain- and loss-of-function mutations of components of the Notch signaling pathway result in a variety of congenital disorders with significant craniofacial and skeletal manifestations. The Notch ligand Jag1 is a determinant of bone mineral density, and Notch plays a role in the early phases of fracture healing. Alterations in Notch signaling are associated with osteosarcoma and with the metastatic potential of carcinoma of the breast and of the prostate. Controlling Notch signaling could prove useful in diseases of Notch gain-of-function and in selected skeletal disorders. However, clinical data on agents that modify Notch signaling are not available. In conclusion, Notch signaling is a novel pathway that regulates skeletal homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-4037, USA.
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73
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Varshney S, Stanley P. Multiple roles for O-glycans in Notch signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3819-3834. [PMID: 30207383 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Notch signalling regulates a plethora of developmental processes and is also essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in adults. Therefore, fine-tuning of Notch signalling strength needs to be tightly regulated. Of key importance for the regulation of Notch signalling are O-fucose, O-GlcNAc and O-glucose glycans attached to the extracellular domain of Notch receptors. The EGF repeats of the Notch receptor extracellular domain harbour consensus sites for addition of the different types of O-glycan to Ser or Thr, which takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. Studies from Drosophila to mammals have demonstrated the multifaceted roles of O-glycosylation in regulating Notch signalling. O-glycosylation modulates different aspects of Notch signalling including recognition by Notch ligands, the strength of ligand binding, Notch receptor trafficking, stability and activation at the cell surface. Defects in O-glycosylation of Notch receptors give rise to pathologies in humans. This Review summarizes the nature of the O-glycans on Notch receptors and their differential effects on Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Varshney
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Giaimo BD, Borggrefe T. Introduction to Molecular Mechanisms in Notch Signal Transduction and Disease Pathogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:3-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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75
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is a novel notch ligand driving embryonic stem cell differentiation towards the smooth muscle lineage. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:69-80. [PMID: 29981303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a protective component of vascular extracellular matrix (ECM), maintains the homeostasis of mature vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, whether COMP modulates the differentiation of stem cells towards the smooth muscle lineage is still elusive. Firstly, purified mouse COMP directly induced mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into VSMCs both in vitro and in vivo, while the silencing of endogenous COMP markedly inhibited ESC-VSMC differentiation. RNA-Sequencing revealed that Notch signaling was significantly activated by COMP during ESC-VSMC differentiation, whereas the inhibition of Notch signaling attenuated COMP-directed ESC-VSMC differentiation. Furthermore, COMP deficiency inhibited Notch activation and VSMC differentiation in mice. Through silencing distinct Notch receptors, we identified that Notch1 mainly mediated COMP-initiated ESC-VSMC differentiation. Mechanistically, COMP N-terminus directly interacted with the EGF11-12 domain of Notch1 and activated Notch1 signaling, as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assay. In conclusion, COMP served as a potential ligand of Notch1, thereby driving ESC-VSMC differentiation.
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76
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Meester JAN, Sukalo M, Schröder KC, Schanze D, Baynam G, Borck G, Bramswig NC, Duman D, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Holder-Espinasse M, Itin P, Johnson DS, Joss S, Koillinen H, McKenzie F, Morton J, Nelle H, Reardon W, Roll C, Salih MA, Savarirayan R, Scurr I, Splitt M, Thompson E, Titheradge H, Travers CP, Van Maldergem L, Whiteford M, Wieczorek D, Vandeweyer G, Trembath R, Van Laer L, Loeys BL, Zenker M, Southgate L, Wuyts W. Elucidating the genetic architecture of Adams-Oliver syndrome in a large European cohort. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1246-1261. [PMID: 29924900 PMCID: PMC6175364 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adams–Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare developmental disorder, characterized by scalp aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and transverse terminal limb defects (TTLD). Autosomal dominant forms of AOS are linked to mutations in ARHGAP31, DLL4, NOTCH1 or RBPJ, while DOCK6 and EOGT underlie autosomal recessive inheritance. Data on the frequency and distribution of mutations in large cohorts are currently limited. The purpose of this study was therefore to comprehensively examine the genetic architecture of AOS in an extensive cohort. Molecular diagnostic screening of 194 AOS/ACC/TTLD probands/families was conducted using next‐generation and/or capillary sequencing analyses. In total, we identified 63 (likely) pathogenic mutations, comprising 56 distinct and 22 novel mutations, providing a molecular diagnosis in 30% of patients. Taken together with previous reports, these findings bring the total number of reported disease variants to 63, with a diagnostic yield of 36% in familial cases. NOTCH1 is the major contributor, underlying 10% of AOS/ACC/TTLD cases, with DLL4 (6%), DOCK6 (6%), ARHGAP31 (3%), EOGT (3%), and RBPJ (2%) representing additional causality in this cohort. We confirm the relevance of genetic screening across the AOS/ACC/TTLD spectrum, highlighting preliminary but important genotype–phenotype correlations. This cohort offers potential for further gene identification to address missing heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephina A N Meester
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maja Sukalo
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kim C Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia and the Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nuria C Bramswig
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Duygu Duman
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Muriel Holder-Espinasse
- Guy's Regional Genetics Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Itin
- Department of Dermatology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diana S Johnson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hannele Koillinen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fiona McKenzie
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Jenny Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Nelle
- MVZ für Pränatalmedizin und Genetik, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Willie Reardon
- Clinical Genetics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia Roll
- Abteilung Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Datteln, Germany
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravi Savarirayan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingrid Scurr
- Bristol Genetics Service, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, SA Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology at the Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hannah Titheradge
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Colm P Travers
- Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | | | - Margo Whiteford
- West of Scotland Genetic Services, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Geert Vandeweyer
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Richard Trembath
- Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lut Van Laer
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart L Loeys
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Southgate
- Division of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wim Wuyts
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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77
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Meester J, Verstraeten A, Alaerts M, Schepers D, Van Laer L, Loeys B. Overlapping but distinct roles for NOTCH receptors in human cardiovascular disease. Clin Genet 2018; 95:85-94. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.A.N. Meester
- Centre of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium
| | - A. Verstraeten
- Centre of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium
| | - M. Alaerts
- Centre of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium
| | - D. Schepers
- Centre of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium
| | - L. Van Laer
- Centre of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium
| | - B.L. Loeys
- Centre of Medical GeneticsUniversity of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium
- Department of GeneticsRadboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
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78
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Abstract
Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare congenital disorder with unknown etiology commonly presented with aplasia cutis and terminal limb defects. Central nervous and cardiopulmonary systems may also be affected. It is commonly inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder but autosomal recessive and sporadic cases have also been reported. Here, we present a 10-year-old boy with extensive aplasia cutis congenita and limb anomalies as well as mild pachygyria and focal acrania in neuroimaging. No other internal organ involvement was obvious in this patient. Family history was negative for this syndrome. AOS is a multisystem disorder, and so it is crucial to investigate for internal organ involvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Saeidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahime Ehsanipoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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79
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Aarabi M, Sniezek O, Jiang H, Saller DN, Bellissimo D, Yatsenko SA, Rajkovic A. Importance of complete phenotyping in prenatal whole exome sequencing. Hum Genet 2018; 137:175-181. [PMID: 29392406 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing (WES) is an emerging technique in prenatal diagnosis. In this retrospective study, we examined diagnostic utility and limitations of WES in prenatal cases with structural birth defects. DNA from 20 trios (fetal and parental), with normal karyotype and microarray findings, underwent WES and variant interpretation at a reference laboratory. The WES results were later re-evaluated in our academic center utilizing prenatal and postnatal phenotyping. Initial analysis using only prenatal ultrasound findings revealed no pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 20 pregnancies with structural birth defects. Re-analysis of WES variants and combination of prenatal and postnatal phenotyping yielded pathogenic variants in at least 20% of cases including PORCN gene in a fetus with split-hand/foot malformation, as well as variants of uncertain significance in NEB and NOTCH1 in fetuses with postnatal muscle weakness and Adams-Oliver syndrome, respectively. Furthermore, Sanger sequencing in a patient with holoprosencephaly, elucidated by postnatal MRI, revealed a pathogenic 47-base pairs deletion in ZIC2 which was missed by prenatal WES. This study suggests that incomplete prenatal phenotyping and lack of prenatal ultrasound-genotype databases are the limiting factors for current interpretation of WES data in prenatal diagnosis. Development of prenatal phenotype-genotype databases would significantly help WES interpretation in this setting. Patients who underwent prenatal clinical WES may benefit from the re-analysis based on detailed postnatal findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Aarabi
- Medical Genetics and Genomics Laboratories, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olivia Sniezek
- Westminster College, New Wilmington, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Huaiyang Jiang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Devereux N Saller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Bellissimo
- Medical Genetics and Genomics Laboratories, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Medical Genetics and Genomics Laboratories, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Medical Genetics and Genomics Laboratories, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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80
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Zhang D, Sun T, Yan J, Wang X, Sheng J. Secretory expression of negative regulatory region of human Notch1 in Escherichia coli and preparation of a functional polyclonal antibody. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:554-559. [PMID: 29341247 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is a highly conserved pathway existed in multicellular organisms. It plays roles in normal human body development, human cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. The Notch negative regulatory region (NRR) is critical for Notch signaling, and cleavage at the S2 site in the NRR ultimately leads to the activation of Notch signaling. To study the function of human NRR1, we expressed the recombinant human NRR1 (rhNRR1) domain in Escherichia coli. After purification, rhNRR1 was obtained with approximately 94% purity according to SDS-PAGE analysis. Furthermore, the polyclonal anti-rhNRR1 serum raised by immunizing mouse with the purified rhNRR1 was able to reduce the generation of active form of Notch1 intracellular domain in HeLa cells, which implied the raised antibody could recognize and bind the natural conformation of Notch1 NRR. Preparation of rhNRR1 by this way is convenient, time-consuming, and could be used to the preparation of anti-NRR1 therapeutic antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Agricultural Experiment Station for Tea and Tea Processing of Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzhu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Agricultural Experiment Station for Tea and Tea Processing of Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Agricultural Experiment Station for Tea and Tea Processing of Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Agricultural Experiment Station for Tea and Tea Processing of Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Agricultural Experiment Station for Tea and Tea Processing of Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Tea Research Center of Yunnan, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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81
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Genetic analysis of very obese children with autism spectrum disorder. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:725-736. [PMID: 29327328 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by the triad of deficits in social interactions, deficits in communication, and repetitive behaviors. Common co-morbidities in syndromic forms of ASD include intellectual disability, seizures, and obesity. We asked whether very obese children with ASD had different behavioral, physical and genetic characteristics compared to children with ASD who were not obese. We found that very obese children with ASD had significantly poorer scores on standardized behavioral tests. Very obese boys with ASD had lower full scale IQ and increased impairments with respect to stereotypies, communication and social skills. Very obese girls with ASD had increased impairments with respect to irritability and oppositional defiant behavior. We identified genetic lesions in a subset of the children with ASD and obesity and attempted to identify enriched biological pathways. Our study demonstrates the value of identifying co-morbidities in children with ASD as we move forward towards understanding the biological processes that contribute to this complex disorder and prepare to design customized treatments that target the diverse genetic lesions present in individuals with ASD.
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82
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Handford PA, Korona B, Suckling R, Redfield C, Lea SM. Structural Insights into Notch Receptor-Ligand Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:33-46. [PMID: 30030820 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pioneering cell aggregation experiments from the Artavanis-Tsakonas group in the late 1980's localized the core ligand recognition sequence in the Drosophila Notch receptor to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domains 11 and 12. Since then, advances in protein expression, structure determination methods and functional assays have enabled us to define the molecular basis of the core receptor/ligand interaction and given new insights into the architecture of the Notch complex at the cell surface. We now know that Notch EGF11 and 12 interact with the Delta/Serrate/LAG-2 (DSL) and C2 domains of ligand and that membrane-binding, together with additional protein-protein interactions outside the core recognition domains, are likely to fine-tune generation of the Notch signal. Furthermore, structure determination of O-glycosylated variants of Notch alone or in complex with receptor fragments, has shown that these sugars contribute directly to the binding interface, as well as to stabilizing intra-molecular domain structure, providing some mechanistic insights into the observed modulatory effects of O-glycosylation on Notch activity.Future challenges lie in determining the complete extracellular architecture of ligand and receptor in order to understand (i) how Notch/ligand complexes may form at the cell surface in response to physiological cues, (ii) the role of lipid binding in stabilizing the Notch/ligand complex, (iii) the impact of O-glycosylation on binding and signalling and (iv) to dissect the different pathologies that arise as a consequence of mutations that affect proteins involved in the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny A Handford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Boguslawa Korona
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Richard Suckling
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Susan M Lea
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
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83
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Salazar JL, Yamamoto S. Integration of Drosophila and Human Genetics to Understand Notch Signaling Related Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:141-185. [PMID: 30030826 PMCID: PMC6233323 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling research dates back to more than one hundred years, beginning with the identification of the Notch mutant in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Since then, research on Notch and related genes in flies has laid the foundation of what we now know as the Notch signaling pathway. In the 1990s, basic biological and biochemical studies of Notch signaling components in mammalian systems, as well as identification of rare mutations in Notch signaling pathway genes in human patients with rare Mendelian diseases or cancer, increased the significance of this pathway in human biology and medicine. In the 21st century, Drosophila and other genetic model organisms continue to play a leading role in understanding basic Notch biology. Furthermore, these model organisms can be used in a translational manner to study underlying mechanisms of Notch-related human diseases and to investigate the function of novel disease associated genes and variants. In this chapter, we first briefly review the major contributions of Drosophila to Notch signaling research, discussing the similarities and differences between the fly and human pathways. Next, we introduce several biological contexts in Drosophila in which Notch signaling has been extensively characterized. Finally, we discuss a number of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes in the Notch signaling pathway in humans and we expand on how Drosophila can be used to study rare genetic variants associated with these and novel disorders. By combining modern genomics and state-of-the art technologies, Drosophila research is continuing to reveal exciting biology that sheds light onto mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Salazar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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84
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Harvey BM, Haltiwanger RS. Regulation of Notch Function by O-Glycosylation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:59-78. [PMID: 30030822 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Notch receptor initiates a unique intercellular signaling pathway that is evolutionarily conserved across all metazoans and contributes to the development and maintenance of numerous tissues. Consequently, many diseases result from aberrant Notch signaling. Emerging roles for Notch in disease are being uncovered as studies reveal new information regarding various components of this signaling pathway. Notch activity is regulated at several levels, but O-linked glycosylation of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) repeats in the Notch extracellular domain has emerged as a major regulator that, depending on context, can increase or decrease Notch activity. Three types of O-linked glycosylation occur at consensus sequences found within the EGF repeats of Notch: O-fucosylation, O-glucosylation, and O-GlcNAcylation. Recent studies have investigated the site occupancy of these types of glycosylation and also defined specific roles for these glycans on Notch structure and function. Nevertheless, there are many functional aspects to each type of O-glycosylation that remain unclear. Here, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of how O-glycosylation regulates Notch signaling and describe disorders associated with defects in Notch O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Present Address: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. .,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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85
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Bodian DL, Vilboux T, Hourigan SK, Jenevein CL, Mani H, Kent KC, Khromykh A, Solomon BD, Hauser NS. Genomic analysis of an infant with intractable diarrhea and dilated cardiomyopathy. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:mcs.a002055. [PMID: 28701297 PMCID: PMC5701300 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of an infant presenting with intractable diarrhea who subsequently developed dilated cardiomyopathy, for whom a diagnosis was not initially achieved despite extensive clinical testing, including panel-based genetic testing. Research-based whole-genome sequences of the proband and both parents were analyzed by the SAVANNA pipeline, a variant prioritization strategy integrating features of variants, genes, and phenotypes, which was implemented using publicly available tools. Although the intestinal morphological abnormalities characteristic of congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) were not observed in the initial clinical gastrointestinal tract biopsies of the proband, an intronic variant, EPCAM c.556-14A>G, previously identified as pathogenic for CTE, was found in the homozygous state. A newborn cousin of the proband also presenting with intractable diarrhea was found to carry the same homozygous EPCAM variant, and clinical testing revealed intestinal tufting and loss of EPCAM staining. This variant, however, was considered nonexplanatory for the proband's dilated cardiomyopathy, which could be a sequela of the child's condition and/or related to other genetic variants, which include de novo mutations in the genes NEDD4L and GSK3A and a maternally inherited SCN5A variant. This study illustrates three ways in which genomic sequencing can aid in the diagnosis of clinically challenging patients: differential diagnosis despite atypical clinical presentation, distinguishing the possibilities of a syndromic condition versus multiple conditions, and generating hypotheses for novel contributory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale L Bodian
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | - Thierry Vilboux
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | - Suchitra K Hourigan
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA.,Inova Children's Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | - Callie L Jenevein
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | - Haresh Mani
- Department of Pathology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | | | - Alina Khromykh
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | - Natalie S Hauser
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
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86
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A non-canonical Notch complex regulates adherens junctions and vascular barrier function. Nature 2017; 552:258-262. [PMID: 29160307 PMCID: PMC5730479 DOI: 10.1038/nature24998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The vascular barrier that separates blood from tissues is actively regulated by the endothelium and is essential for transport, inflammation, and haemostasis. Haemodynamic shear stress plays a critical role in maintaining endothelial barrier function, but how this occurs remains unknown. Here we use an engineered organotypic model of perfused microvessels to show that activation of the transmembrane receptor NOTCH1 directly regulates vascular barrier function through a non-canonical, transcription-independent signalling mechanism that drives assembly of adherens junctions, and confirm these findings in mouse models. Shear stress triggers DLL4-dependent proteolytic activation of NOTCH1 to expose the transmembrane domain of NOTCH1. This domain mediates establishment of the endothelial barrier; expression of the transmembrane domain of NOTCH1 is sufficient to rescue defects in barrier function induced by knockout of NOTCH1. The transmembrane domain restores barrier function by catalysing the formation of a receptor complex in the plasma membrane consisting of vascular endothelial cadherin, the transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase LAR, and the RAC1 guanidine-exchange factor TRIO. This complex activates RAC1 to drive assembly of adherens junctions and establish barrier function. Canonical transcriptional signalling via Notch is highly conserved in metazoans and is required for many processes in vascular development, including arterial-venous differentiation, angiogenesis and remodelling. We establish the existence of a non-canonical cortical NOTCH1 signalling pathway that regulates vascular barrier function, and thus provide a mechanism by which a single receptor might link transcriptional programs with adhesive and cytoskeletal remodelling.
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87
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Mašek J, Andersson ER. The developmental biology of genetic Notch disorders. Development 2017; 144:1743-1763. [PMID: 28512196 DOI: 10.1242/dev.148007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates a vast array of crucial developmental processes. It is therefore not surprising that mutations in genes encoding Notch receptors or ligands lead to a variety of congenital disorders in humans. For example, loss of function of Notch results in Adams-Oliver syndrome, Alagille syndrome, spondylocostal dysostosis and congenital heart disorders, while Notch gain of function results in Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, serpentine fibula polycystic kidney syndrome, infantile myofibromatosis and lateral meningocele syndrome. Furthermore, structure-abrogating mutations in NOTCH3 result in CADASIL. Here, we discuss these human congenital disorders in the context of known roles for Notch signaling during development. Drawing on recent analyses by the exome aggregation consortium (EXAC) and on recent studies of Notch signaling in model organisms, we further highlight additional Notch receptors or ligands that are likely to be involved in human genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mašek
- Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14183, Sweden
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88
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Digilio MC, Gnazzo M, Lepri F, Dentici ML, Pisaneschi E, Baban A, Passarelli C, Capolino R, Angioni A, Novelli A, Marino B, Dallapiccola B. Congenital heart defects in molecularly proven Kabuki syndrome patients. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2912-2922. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Maria Gnazzo
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Lepri
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Elisa Pisaneschi
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Anwar Baban
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Chiara Passarelli
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Rossella Capolino
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Adriano Angioni
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics; Pediatric Cardiology; Sapienza University; Rome Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Medical Genetics Unit; Medical Genetics Laboratory; Pediatric Cardiology; Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital; IRCCS; Rome Italy
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89
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Krämer A, Shah S, Rebres RA, Tang S, Richards DR. Leveraging network analytics to infer patient syndrome and identify causal genes in rare disease cases. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:551. [PMID: 28812537 PMCID: PMC5558185 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing is widely used to identify disease-causing variants in patients with rare genetic disorders. Identifying those variants from whole-genome or exome data can be both scientifically challenging and time consuming. A significant amount of time is spent on variant annotation, and interpretation. Fully or partly automated solutions are therefore needed to streamline and scale this process. RESULTS We describe Phenotype Driven Ranking (PDR), an algorithm integrated into Ingenuity Variant Analysis, that uses observed patient phenotypes to prioritize diseases and genes in order to expedite causal-variant discovery. Our method is based on a network of phenotype-disease-gene relationships derived from the QIAGEN Knowledge Base, which allows for efficient computational association of phenotypes to implicated diseases, and also enables scoring and ranking. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the utility and performance of PDR by applying it to a number of clinical rare-disease cases, where the true causal gene was known beforehand. It is also shown that PDR compares favorably to a representative alternative tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Krämer
- QIAGEN Bioinformatics, 1001 Marshall Street, Suite 200, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA.
| | - Sohela Shah
- QIAGEN Bioinformatics, 1001 Marshall Street, Suite 200, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Robert Anthony Rebres
- QIAGEN Bioinformatics, 1001 Marshall Street, Suite 200, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Susan Tang
- QIAGEN Bioinformatics, 1001 Marshall Street, Suite 200, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Daniel Rene Richards
- QIAGEN Bioinformatics, 1001 Marshall Street, Suite 200, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
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90
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Baas M, Stubbs AP, van Zessen DB, Galjaard RJH, van der Spek PJ, Hovius SER, van Nieuwenhoven CA. Identification of Associated Genes and Diseases in Patients With Congenital Upper-Limb Anomalies: A Novel Application of the OMT Classification. J Hand Surg Am 2017; 42:533-545.e4. [PMID: 28669419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital upper-limb anomalies (CULA) can present as a part of a syndrome or association. There is a wide spectrum of CULA, each of which might be related to different diseases. The structure provided by the Oberg, Manske, and Tonkin (OMT) classification could aid in differential diagnosis formulation in patients with CULA. The aims of this study were to review the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) project database for diseases and causative genes related to the CULA described in the OMT classification and to develop a methodology for differential diagnosis formulation based on the observed congenital anomalies, CulaPhen. METHODS We reviewed the HPO database for all diseases, including causative genes related to CULA. All CULA were classified according to the OMT classification; associated non-hand phenotypes were classified into 12 anatomical groups. We analyzed the contribution of each anatomical group to a given disease and developed a tool for differential diagnosis formulation based on these contributions. We compared our results with cases from the literature and with a current HPO tool, Phenomizer. RESULTS In total, 514 hand phenotypes were obtained, 384 of which could be classified in the OMT classification. A total of 1,403 diseases could be related to those CULA. A comparison with 10 recently published cases with CULA revealed that the presented phenotype matched the descriptions in our dataset. The differential diagnosis produced using our methodology was more accurate than Phenomizer in 4 of 5 examples. CONCLUSIONS The OMT classification can be used to describe hand anomalies that may present in over 1,400 diseases. CulaPhen was developed to provide a (hand) phenotype-based differential diagnosis. Differential diagnosis formulation based on the proposed system outperforms the system in current use. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study illustrates that the OMT diagnoses, either individually or combined, can be cross-referenced with different diseases and syndromes. Therefore, use of the OMT classification can aid differential diagnosis formulation for CULA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Baas
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew P Stubbs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David B van Zessen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan H Galjaard
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven E R Hovius
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christianne A van Nieuwenhoven
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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91
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Pérez-García C, Martín YR, Del Hoyo AA, Rodríguez CM, Domínguez MC. Adams-Oliver Syndrome with Unusual Central Nervous System Findings and an Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt. Pediatr Rep 2017; 9:7211. [PMID: 28706620 PMCID: PMC5494440 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2017.7211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a premature neonate girl with scalp and skull defects and brachydactyly of the feet consistent with an Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). The patient had central nervous system abnormalities, such as periventricular calcifications, hypoplastic corpus callosum, and bilateral hemispheric corticosubcortical hemorrhagic lesions. A muscular ventricular septal defect and a portosystemic shunt were diagnosed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital supratentorial grey-white matter junction lesions without dural sinus thrombosis in association with AOS. Some of these lesions may be secondary to birth trauma (given the skull defect) whilst others have a watershed location, perhaps as further evidence of vascular disruption and decreased perfusion during critical periods of fetal brain development as the previously proposed pathogenesis of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-García
- Department of Radiology, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid
| | - Yolanda Ruíz Martín
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Mother and Child Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Marín Rodríguez
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Mother and Child Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minia Campos Domínguez
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Mother and Child Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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92
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Guevara C, Farias G, Bulatova K, Alarcón P, Soruco W, Robles C, Morales M. NOTCH 1 Mutation in a Patient with Spontaneous and Recurrent Dissections of Extracranial Arteries. Front Neurol 2017. [PMID: 28649221 PMCID: PMC5465274 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissections of extracranial arteries are estimated to account for only 2% of all ischemic strokes but for approximately 20% of strokes in patients younger than 45 years old. Most dissections of extracranial arteries involve some trauma stretch, mechanical stress, or connective tissue abnormalities. In the absence of these disorders, determining the etiology of recurrent extracranial dissections is quite challenging because the underlying nature of these cases is poorly understood. We report the case of a 44-year-old female with recurrent dissections of the vertebral and carotid arteries associated with a heterozygous mutation p.Pro2122Leu in the NOTCH 1 gene. Her mother with a thoracic aortic aneurysm was also positive for this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guevara
- Clínica de Neurología, Servicio de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Farias
- Clínica de Neurología, Servicio de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kateryna Bulatova
- Clínica de Neurología, Servicio de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Sección Genética, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wendy Soruco
- Clínica de Neurología, Servicio de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Robles
- Sección Neurorradiologia, Servicio de Imágenes, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Morales
- Clínica de Cardiologia, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Santiago, Chile
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93
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Lara DA, Loar RW, Allen HD. Visual Diagnosis: A Baby with a Scalp Lesion, Rash, and Left-Foot Deformity. Pediatr Rev 2017; 38:e20-e23. [PMID: 28572145 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2016-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Lara
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Health Center for Children, New Orleans, LA
| | - Robert W Loar
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hugh D Allen
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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94
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EOGT and O-GlcNAc on secreted and membrane proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:401-408. [PMID: 28408480 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a recently discovered O-GlcNAc transferase termed EOGT for EGF domain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase. EOGT transfers GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) to Ser or Thr in secreted and membrane proteins that contain one or more epidermal growth factor-like repeats with a specific consensus sequence. Thus, EOGT is distinct from OGT, the O-GlcNAc transferase, that transfers GlcNAc to Ser/Thr in proteins of the cytoplasm or nucleus. EOGT and OGT are in separate cellular compartments and have mostly distinct substrates, although both can act on cytoplasmic (OGT) and lumenal (EOGT) domains of transmembrane proteins. The present review will describe known substrates of EOGT and biological roles for EOGT in Drosophila and humans. Mutations in EOGT that give rise to Adams-Oliver Syndrome in humans will also be discussed.
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95
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Novel missense mutation in DLL4 in a Japanese sporadic case of Adams-Oliver syndrome. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:851-855. [PMID: 28446798 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS, OMIM; 100300) is a rare genetic disease characterized by aplasia cutis congenita, terminal transverse limb defects and cutis marmorata with vascular anomalies such as congenital heart defects. The etiology of this syndrome has remained largely unknown but defective Notch signaling during vascular formation has been suggested. Here we describe a sporadic Japanese newborn case with clinically diagnosed AOS. Trio whole-exome sequencing identified a de novo, novel, heterozygous missense mutation in the Delta-like 4 ligand gene (DLL4 c.572G>A, p.Arg191His) in the patient. DLL4 functions as a requisite ligand for NOTCH1 receptor, which is essential for vascular formation. Amino acid substitution of Arg191 to His was predicted by molecular models to interfere with direct binding between DLL4 and NOTCH1. DLL4 has recently been identified as a causative gene of an autosomal dominant type of AOS with milder symptoms. The case described here showed gradual recovery from skull defects after birth and no psychomotor developmental delay has been observed. This is the second report of an AOS case with DLL4 mutation, and the phenotypic characteristics between the two cases are compared and discussed.
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96
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Sawaguchi S, Varshney S, Ogawa M, Sakaidani Y, Yagi H, Takeshita K, Murohara T, Kato K, Sundaram S, Stanley P, Okajima T. O-GlcNAc on NOTCH1 EGF repeats regulates ligand-induced Notch signaling and vascular development in mammals. eLife 2017; 6:e24419. [PMID: 28395734 PMCID: PMC5388531 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferase EOGT transfers O-GlcNAc to a consensus site in epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of a limited number of secreted and membrane proteins, including Notch receptors. In EOGT-deficient cells, the binding of DLL1 and DLL4, but not JAG1, canonical Notch ligands was reduced, and ligand-induced Notch signaling was impaired. Mutagenesis of O-GlcNAc sites on NOTCH1 also resulted in decreased binding of DLL4. EOGT functions were investigated in retinal angiogenesis that depends on Notch signaling. Global or endothelial cell-specific deletion of Eogt resulted in defective retinal angiogenesis, with a mild phenotype similar to that caused by reduced Notch signaling in retina. Combined deficiency of different Notch1 mutant alleles exacerbated the abnormalities in Eogt-/- retina, and Notch target gene expression was decreased in Eogt-/-endothelial cells. Thus, O-GlcNAc on EGF repeats of Notch receptors mediates ligand-induced Notch signaling required in endothelial cells for optimal vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sawaguchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shweta Varshney
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Mitsutaka Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakaidani
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Subha Sundaram
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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97
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Chen Y, Bartanus J, Liang D, Zhu H, Breman AM, Smith JL, Wang H, Ren Z, Patel A, Stankiewicz P, Cram DS, Cheung SW, Wu L, Yu F. Characterization of chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancy losses reveals critical genes and loci for human early development. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:669-677. [PMID: 28247551 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of chromosomal abnormalities, a common cause for congenital abnormalities and pregnancy loss, is critical for elucidating genes for human fetal development. Here, 2,186 product-of-conception samples were tested for copy-number variations (CNVs) at two clinical diagnostic centers using whole-genome sequencing and high-resolution chromosomal microarray analysis. We developed a new gene discovery approach to predict potential developmental genes and identified 275 candidate genes from CNVs detected from both datasets. Based on Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and Zebrafish model organism database (ZFIN), 75% of identified genes could lead to developmental defects when mutated. Genes involved in embryonic development, gene transcription, and regulation of biological processes were significantly enriched. Especially, transcription factors and gene families sharing specific protein domains predominated, which included known developmental genes such as HOX, NKX homeodomain genes, and helix-loop-helix containing HAND2, NEUROG2, and NEUROD1 as well as potential novel developmental genes. We observed that developmental genes were denser in certain chromosomal regions, enabling identification of 31 potential genomic loci with clustered genes associated with development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin Bartanus
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Desheng Liang
- State Key Lab of Medical Genetics of China Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Amy M Breman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Cytogenetics Laboratory, Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas
| | - Janice L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Cytogenetics Laboratory, Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas
| | - Hua Wang
- Hunan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhilin Ren
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Cytogenetics Laboratory, Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Cytogenetics Laboratory, Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Cytogenetics Laboratory, Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas
| | - Lingqian Wu
- State Key Lab of Medical Genetics of China Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuli Yu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, China
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98
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Vanorny DA, Mayo KE. The role of Notch signaling in the mammalian ovary. Reproduction 2017; 153:R187-R204. [PMID: 28283672 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is a contact-dependent, or juxtacrine, signaling system that is conserved in metazoan organisms and is important in many developmental processes. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the Notch pathway is active in both the embryonic and postnatal ovary and plays important roles in events including follicle assembly and growth, meiotic maturation, ovarian vasculogenesis and steroid hormone production. In mice, disruption of the Notch pathway results in ovarian pathologies affecting meiotic spindle assembly, follicle histogenesis, granulosa cell proliferation and survival, corpora luteal function and ovarian neovascularization. These aberrations result in abnormal folliculogenesis and reduced fertility. The knowledge of the cellular interactions facilitated by the Notch pathway is an important area for continuing research, and future studies are expected to enhance our understanding of ovarian function and provide critical insights for improving reproductive health. This review focuses on the expression of Notch pathway components in the ovary, and on the multiple functions of Notch signaling in follicle assembly, maturation and development. We focus on the mouse, where genetic investigations are possible, and relate this information to the human ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas A Vanorny
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive ScienceNorthwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly E Mayo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive ScienceNorthwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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99
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Hassed S, Li S, Mulvihill J, Aston C, Palmer S. Adams-Oliver syndrome review of the literature: Refining the diagnostic phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:790-800. [PMID: 28160419 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is defined as aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) with transverse terminal limb defects (TTLD). Frequencies of associated anomalies are not well characterized. Six causative genes have been identified: ARHGAP31, DOCK6, EOGT, RBPJ, NOTCH1, and DLL4. We review 385 previously described individuals (139 non-familial and 246 familial probands and family members) and add clinical data on 13 previously unreported individuals with AOS. In addition to ACC and TTLD, the most commonly associated anomalies included a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies and congenital heart defects each seen in 23%. CNS anomalies included structural anomalies, microcephaly, vascular defects, and vascular sequelae. CNS migration defects were common. Cutis marmorata telangiectasia congenita (CMTC) was found in 19% of the study population and other vascular anomalies were seen in 14%. Hemorrhage was listed as the cause of death for five of 25 deaths reported. A relatively large number of non-familial probands were reported to have hepatoportal sclerosis with portal hypertension and esophageal varices. Non-familial probands were more likely to have additional anomalies than were familial probands. The data reported herein provide a basis for refining the diagnostic features of AOS and suggest management recommendations for probands newly diagnosed with AOS. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hassed
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Shibo Li
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - John Mulvihill
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Christopher Aston
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Susan Palmer
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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100
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Marble M, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Chikarmane R, Gargiulo D, Juusola J. Missense variant in UBA2 associated with aplasia cutis congenita, duane anomaly, hip dysplasia and other anomalies: A possible new disorder involving the SUMOylation pathway. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:758-761. [PMID: 28110515 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with aplasia cutis congenita, Duane anomaly, hip dysplasia, and other anomalies who had a de novo missense variant in UBA2, which encodes for a protein involved in the SUMOylation pathway. It has previously been suggested that UBA2 haploinsufficiency underlies scalp defects in the 19q13.11 deletion syndrome. We propose that disturbance of the SUMOylation pathway, mediated by pathogenic variants in UBA2, is a novel mechanism for aplasia cutis congenita and other phenotypic abnormalities. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Marble
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | - Dominic Gargiulo
- Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Division of Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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