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Rådjursöga M, Lindqvist HM, Pedersen A, Karlsson BG, Malmodin D, Ellegård L, Winkvist A. Nutritional Metabolomics: Postprandial Response of Meals Relating to Vegan, Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian, and Omnivore Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081063. [PMID: 30103400 PMCID: PMC6115722 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics provide an unbiased tool for exploring the modulation of the human metabolome in response to food intake. This study applied metabolomics to capture the postprandial metabolic response to breakfast meals corresponding to vegan (VE), lacto ovo-vegetarian (LOV), and omnivore (OM) diets. In a cross over design 32 healthy volunteers (16 men and 16 females) consumed breakfast meals in a randomized order during three consecutive days. Fasting and 3 h postprandial serum samples were collected and then subjected to metabolite profiling using ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Changes in concentration of identified and discriminating metabolites, between fasting and postprandial state, were compared across meals. Betaine, choline, and creatine displayed higher concentration in the OM breakfast, while 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, carnitine, proline, and tyrosine showed an increase for the LOV and unidentified free fatty acids displayed a higher concentration after the VE breakfast. Using ¹H NMR metabolomics it was possible to detect and distinguish the metabolic response of three different breakfast meals corresponding to vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and omnivore diets in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie Rådjursöga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Helen M Lindqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anders Pedersen
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 465, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - B Göran Karlsson
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 465, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Malmodin
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 465, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lars Ellegård
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Natacci L, M Marchioni D, C Goulart A, Nunes MA, B Moreno A, O Cardoso L, Giatti L, B Molina MDC, S Santos I, Brunoni AR, A Lotufo P, M Bensenor I. Omega 3 Consumption and Anxiety Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060663. [PMID: 29882923 PMCID: PMC6024589 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the association between diet and mental disorders, and it has been established that ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids may have a beneficial effect for sufferers of anxiety disorders. This study is part of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)—a population-based cohort study on diet and mental health—and searched for associations between anxiety disorders and consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The study had a cross-sectional design, with a total sample of 12,268 adults. Dietary exposure was measured by a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and mental diagnoses were assessed by the Clinical Interview Schedule—Revised Version and diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Logistic regression models were built using quintiles of n-3, ω 6 (n-6), n-6/n-3 ratio, and PUFA, using the 1st quintile as reference. Anxiety disorders were identified in 15.4% of the sample. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, diet variables, and depression, intakes in the 5th quintile were inversely associated with anxiety disorders for EPA (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69⁻0.98), DHA (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69⁻0.98), and DPA (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69⁻0.98). Participants in the fifth quintile of n-6/n-3 ratio had a positive association with anxiety disorders. Although results suggest a possible protective effect of n-3 fatty acids against anxiety, all associations lost significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Natacci
- Postgraduate student, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Dirce M Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo SP 01246-904, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra C Goulart
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Maria Angélica Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRS), Porto Alegre RS 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Arlinda B Moreno
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health, National School of Public Health Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro RJ 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Letícia O Cardoso
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods in Health, National School of Public Health Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro RJ 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Luana Giatti
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health; General Hospital, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte MG 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Maria Del Carmen B Molina
- Departament of Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória ES 29043-900, Brazil.
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - André R Brunoni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo SP 05403-010, Brazil.
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Aparicio E, Canals J, Voltas N, Valenzano A, Arija V. Emotional Symptoms and Dietary Patterns in Early Adolescence: A School-Based Follow-up Study. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 49:405-414.e1. [PMID: 28495039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between early emotional symptoms and dietary patterns over 3 years in a school-based sample. DESIGN Three-year longitudinal prospective study. SETTING Thirteen schools in Reus, Spain. PARTICIPANTS From a sample of 562 preadolescents with and without emotional symptoms, 165 were observed and were classified as either showing (n = 100) or not showing emotional symptoms (n = 65). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Emotional symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 1 and 3 years. In the third year, data were collected on food consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), and physical activity. ANALYSIS Dietary patterns were created by principal component analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with P < .05 considered significant. RESULTS Girls with emotional symptoms scored significantly lower in assessments for MD (score of 5.41 ± 2.19) and physical activity (score of 4.97 ± 2.05) than did girls who had no emotional symptoms (scores: MD, 6.19 ± 1.67; physical activity: 5.86 ± 1.94). Approximately 39.68% of girls with emotional symptoms showed high adherence to a sweet and fatty food pattern. After adjusted logistic regression, girls with emotional symptoms were 4 times as likely to have high adherence to a sweet and fatty food pattern (odds ratio, 4.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.55-15.10). No differences were observed among boys. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Girls with emotional symptoms during early adolescence have high adherence to a pattern rich in sweet and fat foods and low adherence to MD, and engage in low levels of physical activity. These findings highlight the importance of managing emotional distress to prevent it from having a negative effect on eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Aparicio
- Public Health and Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria Voltas
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Victoria Arija
- Public Health and Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària, IDIAP Jordi Gol i Gurina, Catalonia, Spain.
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Koski M, Naukkarinen H. Severe obesity, emotions and eating habits: a case-control study. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:2. [PMID: 28078092 PMCID: PMC5219768 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has a multifaceted etiology that involves genetic, biological and behavioral factors, body growth, eating habits, energy expenditure and the function of adipose tissue. The present study aimed to expand upon knowledge about the relationships among obesity, emotions and eating habits in severely obese individuals using a case-control method. METHODS The subject group consisted of 112 individuals (81 females and 31 males) receiving a permanent disability pension primarily for obesity. The control subjects were randomly selected from the same area and were receiving a disability pension for a different primary illness. The controls were matched with the subjects by the place of residence, sex, age, the time since the pension was granted and occupation. Psychiatric interviews were conducted on all participants. The results were analyzed using the chi-squared test (χ2-test) and the percent distribution. The subject and control groups were compared using the t-test for paired variables. Conditional logistic regression analysis was also conducted. RESULTS The emotional state of eating was significantly associated with quarrels and feelings of loneliness. The subjects suffered from night eating syndrome, which was associated with an increased risk of early retirement. Binge eating syndrome was observed more frequently in the study group. The subjects reported feeling increased hunger compared with the controls. A significant percentage of the subjects had a body mass index of ≥ 40. No differences in eating habits were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION This study provides information on the relationship between emotions and eating habits in obesity, which is a rarely studied topic. We believe that our study provides a novel and necessary overview of the associations among severe obesity, emotions and eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koski
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Naukkarinen
- Carea Hospital District, Kymenlaakso Psychiatric Hospital, University of Helsinki, Töölönkatu 26 C 55, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
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Santa Cecília Silva AA, Lopes TDVC, Teixeira KR, Mendes JA, de Souza Borba ME, Mota MC, Waterhouse J, Crispim CA. The association between anxiety, hunger, the enjoyment of eating foods and the satiety after food intake in individuals working a night shift compared with after taking a nocturnal sleep: A prospective and observational study. Appetite 2017; 108:255-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Adherence to the DASH diet in relation to psychological profile of Iranian adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:309-320. [PMID: 26520851 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although empirically derived dietary patterns have been examined in relation to depression, limited data are available linking theory-based dietary patterns and psychological health. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between adherence to DASH-style diet and psychological health among Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done among 3846 general public adults in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary assessment was conducted using a validated 106-item dish-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. To investigate participants' adherence to DASH-style diet, we created DASH score based on earlier publications focusing on eight components (fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, dairy products, grains, sweetened beverages and sweets, sodium, and red and processed meats). Participants were classified into three categories based on their DASH score [low (≤40), moderate (41-50), and high adherence (≥51)]. This categorization, instead of distribution-based classification, was used due to low adherence to the DASH dietary pattern in the study population. Psychological health was examined by means of validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were defined based on standard criteria. RESULTS We found that moderate adherence to DASH-style diet was associated with lower odds of depression (OR 0.73; 95 % CI 0.59-0.90, P trend = 0.63) compared with those with the lowest adherence. In our stratified analyses, these associations remained significant for women (0.70; 0.54-0.91) and for normal-weight participants (0.70; 0.52-0.92). Moreover, after controlling for potential confounders, an inverse association was observed between high adherence to DASH-style diet and anxiety in normal-weight participants (0.61; 0.37-0.98). Such associations were also seen between moderate adherence to DASH-eating style and anxiety in overweight or obese individuals (0.63; 0.42-0.95). We failed to find any significant association between consumption of DASH-style diet and psychological distress. CONCLUSION We found an inverse association between moderate adherence to DASH dietary pattern and depression. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Hasan SS, Clavarino AM, Mamun AA, Kairuz T. Anxiety symptoms and the risk of diabetes mellitus in Australian women: evidence from 21-year follow-up. Public Health 2015; 130:21-8. [PMID: 26321179 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the association between transitions in anxiety symptoms and the risk of diabetes in women, using longitudinal data. STUDY DESIGN This longitudinal study measured diabetes, and transitions in anxiety symptoms, using validated instruments. METHODS Data obtained by the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy were analysed. Anxiety was measured using the Delusion Symptoms States Inventory (DSSI). To examine possible transitions over different time periods, anxiety was grouped into four categories and assessed at different phases over a 21-year period. RESULTS Three hundred and one women reported diabetes 21 years after the index pregnancy. Almost half of the women who reported anxiety symptoms continued to report these at a subsequent follow-up (FU) phase. About 1 in 10 women who had not reported anxiety symptoms at 5-year FU did so at the subsequent 14-year FU. In prospective analyses, we did not find significant association of diabetes with negative transition (no anxiety to anxiety at subsequent phase) or with positive history of anxiety symptom, but an increasing risk was evident. Women with persistent symptoms had a 1.85-fold greater risk of diabetes (95% CI: 1.18-2.90). The cross-sectional analysis did not produce significant results. CONCLUSIONS Despite some limitations, this study provides insight into the long-term association between events of anxiety and the risk of diabetes across the reproductive life of women. However, the evidence is not strong enough to support a direct effect of anxiety in causing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Hasan
- School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; School of Population Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A M Clavarino
- School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - A A Mamun
- School of Population Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Kairuz
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Association of Prepregnancy Dietary Patterns and Anxiety Symptoms from Midpregnancy to Early Postpartum in a Prospective Cohort of Brazilian Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015; 115:1626-35. [PMID: 25769749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns may alter the risk of mental disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between prepregnancy dietary patterns and prospective variations on anxiety symptoms from midpregnancy to early postpartum. METHODS A prospective cohort of 207 healthy pregnant women was followed at 5 to 13, 20 to 26, and 30 to 36 gestational weeks, and once at 30 to 45 days postpartum. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to evaluate anxiety symptoms at the second and third gestational trimesters and during the postpartum period. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire administered during the first trimester of pregnancy that referred to the 6 months before pregnancy. Principal components analysis was used to identify dietary patterns and three prepregnancy dietary patterns were identified: common-Brazilian, healthy, and processed. Three longitudinal mixed-effect models were estimated to verify the association between dietary patterns and anxiety symptoms, adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS The mean anxiety symptom scores were 40.4, 40.5, and 37.2 for the second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum, respectively. The rate of variation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score was 0.535 (95% CI -0.035 to 1.107; P=0.066) and -0.010 (95% CI -0.018 to -0.002; P=0.019) when accounting for gestational age and quadratic gestational age, respectively. The common-Brazilian pattern, comprised mainly of rice and beans (β=-1.200, 95% CI -2.220 to -0.181; P=0.021), and the healthy pattern comprised mostly of vegetables, fruits, fish, and tea (β=-1.290, 95% CI -2.438 to -0.134; P=0.029), were negatively associated with prospective changes in anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS High adherence to the common-Brazilian or healthy patterns was negatively associated with higher anxiety symptom scores from mid-pregnancy to early postpartum in this group of Brazilian women.
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Yajima J, Tsuda A, Okamura H, Urata H, Matsubara A, Mihara K, Isomura T, Takeda K, Midoh N. Effects of Soup Intake for Fourteen Days on the Mood and the Difference in Cortisol of Awakening and Evening in the Clerical Employees: An Effectiveness Study Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.69108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Leblanc V, Bégin C, Hudon AM, Royer MM, Corneau L, Dodin S, Lemieux S. Gender differences in the long-term effects of a nutritional intervention program promoting the Mediterranean diet: changes in dietary intakes, eating behaviors, anthropometric and metabolic variables. Nutr J 2014; 13:107. [PMID: 25416917 PMCID: PMC4247653 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term adherence to principles of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) following a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern in Canadian men and women is not known. Moreover, gender differences in dietary and metabolic profile in such an intervention context has never been addressed. Objective was to determine gender differences in long-term effects of a 12-week nutritional intervention program promoting the adoption of the MedDiet and based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) on dietary intakes, eating behaviors, anthropometric and metabolic variables, in men and women presenting cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Sixty-four men and 59 premenopausal women were recruited. The 12-week nutritional program used a motivational interviewing approach and included individual and group sessions. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to evaluate dietary intakes from which a Mediterranean score (Medscore) was derived and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire allowed assessment of eating behaviors. Measurements were performed at baseline and after the 12-week nutritional intervention, and then at 3 and 6-month post intervention. RESULTS No gender difference was observed in changes in the Medscore during the nutritional intervention and follow-up. However, the Medscore returned towards baseline values during follow-up in men and women (P < 0.0001). Men reported larger decreases in red and processed meat and larger increases in whole fruit intakes than women (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). Men showed a greater decrease in habitual susceptibility to disinhibition than women (P = 0.03). A gender by time interaction was found for waist circumference, i.e. men had lower waist circumference at the end of the intervention as well as at follow-up than at baseline while women's waist circumference decreased in response to the intervention only (P = 0.05). As for metabolic variables, changes observed in total-cholesterol (C) to HDL-C ratio, triglyceride levels and triglycerides to HDL-C ratio were more pronounced in men than in women after the intervention as well as at follow-up (P ≤ 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the 12-week nutritional intervention based on the SDT leads to more pronounced beneficial changes in long-term dietary intakes in men than in women and to greater improvements in metabolic profile in men. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials NCT01852721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Leblanc
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- />School of Psychology, Laval University, Pavillon Félix-Antoine Savard, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Hudon
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Marie-Michelle Royer
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Louise Corneau
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Sylvie Dodin
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Laval University, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Medicine Avenue, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies investigating mood in vegetarian diets have yielded conflicting results, either demonstrating risk for mental disorders or mood protection. Our objective was to investigate mood, as well as factors that potentially impact mood in vegans (VG), vegetarians (VEG), and omnivores (OMN). METHODS We surveyed mood, diet, and lifestyle factors in a broad geographic online sample of adult VG (n = 283), VEG (n = 109), and OMN (n = 228) who were recruited via diet-related social networks. Mood was measured with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). RESULTS The sample was mostly female (78.5%), and age was inversely correlated with all DASS scores (p < 0.05). Mean DASS-A (anxiety) and DASS-S (stress) scores differed by group (F(2,616) = 4.73, p = 0.009, η(2) = 0.015, and F(2, 615) = 8.23, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.026, respectively), with VG scores lower than OMN scores, indicating less mood disturbance. Analyses of covariance were conducted by gender, adjusting for age. Anxiety scores were different in males only (F(2,128) = 5.39, p = 0.006, η(p)(2) = 0.078) and lower anxiety in males was related to a vegan diet and daily fruit and vegetable intake. Mean stress scores were different in females only (F(2,476) = 3.82, p = 0.023, η(p)(2) = 0.016) and lower stress in females was related to a vegan diet and lower daily intake of sweets. DISCUSSION A strict plant-based diet does not appear to negatively impact mood, in fact, reduction of animal food intake may have mood benefits. The improved mood domains were not consistent with those found in other studies, which may be due to methodological differences.
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Hasan SS, Clavarino AM, Dingle K, Mamun AA, Kairuz T. Psychological Health and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Australian Women: A 21-Year Prospective Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 23:912-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaeleen Dingle
- Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abdullah A. Mamun
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Therese Kairuz
- School of Pharmacy, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
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Galvez JF, Bauer IE, Sanches M, Wu HE, Hamilton JE, Mwangi B, Kapczinski FP, Zunta-Soares G, Soares JC. Shared clinical associations between obesity and impulsivity in rapid cycling bipolar disorder: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:306-13. [PMID: 25086289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity seems to show a two-way relationship with bipolar disorder (BD), representing not only a possible vulnerability factor but also a consequence of chronic mood dysregulation associated with an overall poor prognosis. Increased impulsivity has been described across all stages and phases of BD as being also associated with a worse prognosis. Although obesity and impulsivity are common features among rapid cycling bipolar disorder (RC-BD) patients, there is a lack of understanding about the clinical implications of these conditions combined in BD. METHODS To explore and integrate available evidence on shared clinical associations between obesity and impulsivity in RC-BD a systematic search of the literature in the electronic database of the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) has been conducted. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen articles were included in our systematic review. Among RC-BD patients, substance abuse disorders (SUDs), anxiety disorders (ADs), predominantly depressive polarity, chronic exposure to antidepressants, psychotic symptoms, suicidality, and comorbid medical conditions are strongly associated with both obesity and impulsivity. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity of published data, inconsistent measurements of both obesity and impulsivity in RC-BD and an absence of control for RC-BD in epidemiological surveys. Consequently, their combined impact on the severity of RC-BD is yet to be recognized and remains to be poorly understood. CONCLUSION In RC-BD patients the co-occurrence of obesity and impulsivity is associated with an unfavorable course of illness, specific shared clinical correlates, negative psychosocial impact, and overall worse prognosis. There is a need to examine obesity and impulsivity as modulating factors and markers of severity in RC-BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Galvez
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Isabelle E Bauer
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Marsal Sanches
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hanjing E Wu
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jane E Hamilton
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Benson Mwangi
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Flavio P Kapczinski
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Houston, TX, USA; Harris County Psychiatric Center (HCPC), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Giovana Zunta-Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jair C Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Harris County Psychiatric Center (HCPC), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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64
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Rintamäki R, Kaplas N, Männistö S, Montonen J, Knekt P, Lönnqvist J, Partonen T. Difference in diet between a general population national representative sample and individuals with alcohol use disorders, but not individuals with depressive or anxiety disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2014; 68:391-400. [PMID: 24320018 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2013.851736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders influence diet and food consumption, but there is a lack of consistent findings. AIMS To investigate food consumption, nutrient intakes and serum metabolic biomarkers in depressive, anxiety and alcohol use disorders in comparison with the remaining from a population-based nationwide sample. METHODS The study was based on the Health 2000 Survey data of which 5504 subjects aged 30 and over (3009 women and 2495 men) were used for the analysis. Depressive disorder, anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders were diagnosed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). The consumption of food and beverage items, and nutrient intakes were measured with a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the concentrations of biomarkers were determined in blood samples. RESULTS Overall, no similar differences with both genders were found in the intakes of energy, dietary fibre or macronutrients or in biomarkers in depressive or anxiety disorders. Women suffering from depressed disorder consumed more soft drinks (P = 0.034) and women suffering from anxiety disorders consumed more oils (P = 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.001) and less potatoes (P = 0.002) than the remaining participants. Men suffering from depressive disorder consumed less sweets and chocolate (P = 0.001) and men with anxiety disorder consumed more tea (P = 0.033) compared with the remaining participants. In alcohol use disorders, the intake of carbohydrate was lower in both genders (P = 0.001 for women, P = 0.001 for men). CONCLUSIONS A difference in the usual diet exists between individuals with alcohol use disorders and the remaining participants on a population level. No consistent difference in both genders between those with depressive or anxiety disorders and the remaining was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Rintamäki
- Reeta Rintamäki, M.D., Ph.D., National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services , Helsinki FI-00271 , Finland
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Bertoli S, Spadafranca A, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Ponissi V, Beggio V, Leone A, Battezzati A. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is inversely related to binge eating disorder in patients seeking a weight loss program. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:107-14. [PMID: 24559856 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The key factors influencing the development of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) are not well known. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been suspected to reduce the risk of several mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. There are no existing studies that have examined the relationships between BED and MD. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 1472 participants (71.3% women; mean age: 44.8 ± 12.7) at high risk of BED. A MD score (MED-score) was derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire and BED by Binge Eating Scale questionnaire (BES). Body mass index, waist circumference and total body fat (%) were assessed by anthropometric measurements. RESULTS 376 (25.5%) cases of self reported BED were identified. 11.1% of participants had a good adherence to MD (MED-score ≥ 9). After adjustments for age, gender, nutritional status, education, and physical activity level, high MED-score was associated with lower odds for BED (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of a BED disorder for successive levels of MED-score were 1 (reference), 0.77 (0.44, 1.36), 0.66 (0.37, 1.15), 0.50 (0.26, 0.96), and 0.45 (0.22, 0.55) (P for trend: <0.01). Olive oil and nut consumption were associated with low risk of BED development whereas butter, cream, sweets and commercial bakery/sweets/cakes consumption increased the risk. We did not find a cumulative effect of depression and anxiety on MED-score in binge eaters. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate an inverse association between MD and the development of BED in a clinical setting among subjects at risk of BED. Therefore, we should be cautious about generalizing the results to the whole population, although reverse causality and confounding cannot be excluded as explanation. Further prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Angela Spadafranca
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Veronica Ponissi
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Beggio
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Italy
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66
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The potential role of fruit and vegetables in aspects of psychological well-being: a review of the literature and future directions. Proc Nutr Soc 2013; 72:420-32. [PMID: 24020691 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113003388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present paper was to review the literature investigating the potential relationship between fruit and vegetables (FV) and psychological well-being. The rising prevalence of mental ill health is causing considerable societal burden. Inexpensive and effective strategies are therefore required to improve the psychological well-being of the population, and to reduce the negative impact of mental health problems. A growing body of literature suggests that dietary intake may have the potential to influence psychological well-being. For example, studies have suggested that particular dietary constituents, including vitamins and minerals, might be beneficial to psychological health. However, in order to better reflect normal dietary intake, health-based research has increasingly begun to focus on whole foods and dietary patterns, rather than individual nutrients. One food group that has received increasing attention with regard to psychological health is FV. This is probably a result of the strong evidence base, which exists in relation to their protective association with a number of chronic diseases, as well as the fact that they are a rich source of some of the nutrients which have been linked to psychological health. While some promising findings exist with regards to FV intake and psychological well-being, overall, results are inconsistent. Possible reasons for this, such as methodological issues related to study design and the measurement of psychological well-being and FV intake, are discussed within this review. Based on the predominantly observational nature of existing literature, the present paper concludes that future well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the relationship further.
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67
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Karita K, Harada M, Yoshida M, Kokaze A. Factors associated with dietary habits and mood states affecting taste sensitivity in Japanese college women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2013; 58:360-5. [PMID: 23327972 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.58.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the factors associated with dietary habits and mood states affecting taste sensitivity in 127 Japanese college women with a mean age of 19.2 y. Differential thresholds for the four basic tastes on the tongue were determined by the filter paper disc method, while dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Psychological mood states were evaluated by the Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire. Differential thresholds for saltiness and bitterness in alcohol drinkers were higher than those in alcohol non drinkers, whereas differential thresholds for the other tastes did not differ significantly between any of the stratified groups. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that among the five POMS mood states, POMS fatigue scores showed relatively stronger association with combined variables of taste thresholds. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant involvement of zinc and iron intake, and that POMS fatigue and anger scores affected the differential threshold for sourness. Specific mood and dietary factors were shown to be associated with sensitivity to sourness and bitterness. Among the five POMS mood states, high POMS fatigue scores and low POMS anger scores appeared to be associated with decreased taste sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Karita
- Department of Public Health, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
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68
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Fragkos KC, Frangos CC. Assessing eating disorder risk: the pivotal role of achievement anxiety, depression and female gender in non-clinical samples. Nutrients 2013; 5:811-28. [PMID: 23482057 PMCID: PMC3705321 DOI: 10.3390/nu5030811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess factors predicting eating disorder risk in a sample of undergraduate students. A structured questionnaire was employed on a random sample (n = 1865) consisting of the following sections: demographics, SCOFF (Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food) questionnaire for screening eating disorders and the Achievement Anxiety Test and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. The students at risk for eating disorders (SCOFF score ≥2) were 39.7%. Eating disorder risk was more frequent in females, students with divorced parents, students who lived alone, students who were seeking a romantic relationship or were married, students who were at a post-secondary vocational institute/college (private-public) educational level and who were more likely to have marks under merit level. Also, the mean scores for the psychological factors of depression, stress and anxiety were higher in students with eating disorder risk. A logistic regression model was produced depicting that depression, stress, female gender, being married and searching for a romantic relationship were risk factors of having an eating disorder risk. The suggested psychological model examined with structural equation modelling signified the role of academic anxiety as an immediate precursor of general anxiety. Hence, college populations in Greece need organized infrastructures of nutrition health services and campaigns to assist in reducing the risk of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C. Fragkos
- Centre for Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, UK
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +44-7960-340489; Fax: +44-2032-876102
| | - Christos C. Frangos
- Department of Business Administration, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens, Agiou Spyridonos Street, Egaleo 12210, Athens, Greece; E-Mail:
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69
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Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Georgousopoulou E, Kostapanos MS, Yannakoulia M, Nikolaou V, Vemmos KN, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB. Modelling eating practices in non-fatal acute coronary syndrome or stroke development: a case/case-control study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:242-249. [PMID: 22459077 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although significant evidence exists regarding the role of specific foods and dietary patterns on the development of cardiovascular disease, the influence of eating practices has not been thoroughly examined and understood. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the independent role of eating practices on the likelihood of developing an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or ischemic stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS During 2009-2010, 1000 participants were enrolled; 250 were consecutive patients with a first ACS, 250 were consecutive patients with a first ischemic stroke and 500 were population-based control subjects (250 age-sex matched one-for-one with ACS patients, and 250 age-sex matched one-for-one with stroke patients). Eating practices were evaluated using a special questionnaire. Socio-demographic, clinical, psychological, dietary and other lifestyle characteristics were also measured. After controlling for potential confounding factors, each 20 min prolongation of dinner-to-sleep time was associated with 10% lower likelihood of ischemic stroke (95%CI: 0.83-0.98). Furthermore, eating practices related to stress (i.e., eating while being stressed, eating while working at the same time, skipping a meal due to work obligations) were associated with higher likelihood of having an ACS. Finally, eating while watching television was associated with lower likelihood of having an ACS (OR: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.27-0.78) or stroke event (OR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.23-0.77). CONCLUSION Results of this work, present novel information, indicating the significance of eating practices, in addition to dietary patterns, regarding the development of coronary heart disease and stroke, and could be used in the primary prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Kastorini
- School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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70
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Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and personality in patients attending a primary health center. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112:887-91. [PMID: 22709815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Personality influences lifestyle behaviors, and particularly dietary behavior. The possible association of personality with adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern (MDP) has not been reported. The objective of this study was to analyze the possible association of personality traits with adherence to the MDP, controlling for sociodemographic variables, presence of chronic illnesses, minor psychiatric morbidity, body mass index (BMI), daily smoking, and physical activity. This cross-sectional study included 206 patients, age 18 to 65 years, recruited at a primary health service in Granada, Spain, during 2007 to 2008. The participants answered a questionnaire, including sociodemographic characteristics, data on personality, and MDP. Personality was measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125). Adherence to MDP was measured using the validated 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). MEDAS score was directly associated with the character dimension of self-directedness, age, and minor psychiatric morbidity score; and inversely with marital status (widowed, separated, or divorced) and BMI. Because highly self-directed individuals may respond better to diet advice, consideration of personality may prove helpful in the design of interventions to enhance the adherence to MDP. To improve the adherence to MDP in interventions with patients with low self-directedness, more intensive professional support and counseling with tailored messages about the health benefits of MDP may be indicated.
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71
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Bossola M, Ciciarelli C, Di Stasio E, Panocchia N, Conte GL, Rosa F, Tortorelli A, Luciani G, Tazza L. Relationship between appetite and symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients on chronic hemodialysis. J Ren Nutr 2011; 22:27-33. [PMID: 21684178 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed at evaluating the association between appetite and symptoms of depression and anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, and comorbidities in patients on hemodialysis (HD). DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTING The study was conducted in an outpatient HD service of a tertiary level academic hospital. PATIENTS A total of 90 patients on HD were evaluated for appetite (during the past week, how would you rate your appetite?), symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]) and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [HARS]), cognitive dysfunction (Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE]), and comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Relationship between appetite and symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, and comorbidities was assessed. RESULTS In 43 patients, the appetite was very good/good (group 1), in 22, it was fair (group 2), and in 25, it was poor/very poor (group 3). Mean and median BDI were significantly higher in group 3 as well as the percentage of patients with BDI ≥16. Mean and median HARS and the percentage of patients with HARS >13 were significantly higher in group 3. MMSE was significantly lower in group 3 as well as the percentage of patients with MMSE ≤23. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a dependence of appetite by age and BDI (P = .007 and P = .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Anorexia is associated with older age and symptoms of depression in patients on HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bossola
- Servizio Emodialisi, Istituto di Clinica Chirurgica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
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Functional somatic syndromes, anxiety disorders and the upper airway: a matter of paradigms. Sleep Med Rev 2011; 15:389-401. [PMID: 21295503 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the functional somatic syndromes, anxiety disorders and the upper airway (particularly, sleep disordered breathing) remains ambiguous. This ambiguity, despite a growing body of research supporting a relationship, may result from the absence of a paradigm to explain how upper airway dysfunction can promote disorders commonly associated with one's mental health. This review models the functional somatic syndromes and anxiety disorders as consequences of chronically increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. It then examines the literature supporting a relationship between these disorders and upper airway dysfunction during wakefulness and sleep. Finally, building upon an existing paradigm of neural sensitization, sleep disordered breathing is linked to functional somatic syndromes and anxiety disorders through chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Gariepy G, Nitka D, Schmitz N. The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 34:407-19. [PMID: 19997072 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in developed countries. Obesity is hypothesized to be a risk factor for anxiety disorders but evidence supporting an association between these two conditions is not clear. The objectives of this paper were to systematically review the literature for a link between obesity and anxiety disorders in the general population, and to present a pooled estimate of association. We performed a systematic search for epidemiological articles reporting on obesity (explanatory variable) and anxiety disorders (outcome variable) in seven bibliographical databases. Two independent reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study quality. We found 16 studies (2 prospective and 14 cross-sectional) that met the selection criteria. Measures of effect from prospective data were mixed but cross-sectional evidence suggested a positive association between obesity and anxiety. The pooled odds ratio from cross-sectional studies was 1.4 (confidence interval: 1.2-1.6). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association in men and women. Overall, a moderate level of evidence exists for a positive association between obesity and anxiety disorders. Questions remain regarding the role of obesity severity and subtypes of anxiety disorders. The causal relationship from obesity to anxiety disorders could not be inferred from current data; future etiologic studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gariepy
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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