51
|
Abstract
The lung is an attractive target for drug delivery due to noninvasive administration via inhalation aerosols, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, direct delivery to the site of action for the treatment of respiratory diseases, and the availability of a huge surface area for local drug action and systemic absorption of drug. Colloidal carriers (ie, nanocarrier systems) in pulmonary drug delivery offer many advantages such as the potential to achieve relatively uniform distribution of drug dose among the alveoli, achievement of improved solubility of the drug from its own aqueous solubility, a sustained drug release which consequently reduces dosing frequency, improves patient compliance, decreases incidence of side effects, and the potential of drug internalization by cells. This review focuses on the current status and explores the potential of colloidal carriers (ie, nanocarrier systems) in pulmonary drug delivery with special attention to their pharmaceutical aspects. Manufacturing processes, in vitro/in vivo evaluation methods, and regulatory/toxicity issues of nanomedicines in pulmonary delivery are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Mansour
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Drug Development Division, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Hazards and Risks of Engineered Nanoparticles for the Environment and Human Health. SUSTAINABILITY 2009. [DOI: 10.3390/su1041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
53
|
Fisichella M, Dabboue H, Bhattacharyya S, Saboungi ML, Salvetat JP, Hevor T, Guerin M. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles enhance MTT formazan exocytosis in HeLa cells and astrocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:697-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
54
|
Cartiera MS, Johnson KM, Rajendran V, Caplan MJ, Saltzman WM. The uptake and intracellular fate of PLGA nanoparticles in epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2790-8. [PMID: 19232712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising approach for intracellular delivery of drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, but little is known about their intracellular fate, particularly in epithelial cells, which represent a major target. Rhodamine-loaded PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs were used to explore particle uptake and intracellular fate in three different epithelial cell lines modeling the respiratory airway (HBE), gut (Caco-2), and renal proximal tubule (OK). To track intracellular fate, immunofluorescence techniques and confocal microscopy were used to demonstrate colocalization of NPs with specific organelles: early endosomes, late endosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Golgi apparatus. Confocal analysis demonstrated that NPs are capable of entering cells of all three types of epithelium. NPs appear to colocalize with the early endosomes at short times after exposure (approximately 2 h), but are also found in other compartments within the cytoplasm, notably Golgi and, possibly, ER, as time progressed over the period of 4-24 h. The rate and extent of uptake differed among these cell lines: at a fixed particle/cell ratio, cellular uptake was most abundant in OK cells and least abundant in Caco-2 cells. We present a model for the intracellular fate of particles that is consistent with our experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata S Cartiera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, MEC 414, New Haven, CT 06520-8260, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Bailey MM, Berkland CJ. Nanoparticle formulations in pulmonary drug delivery. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:196-212. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
56
|
Azarmi S, Löbenberg R, Roa WH, Tai S, Finlay WH. Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation of Effervescent Inhalable Carrier Particles for Pulmonary Delivery of Nanoparticles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:943-7. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040802149079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirzad Azarmi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wilson. H. Roa
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shusheng Tai
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - W. H. Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Packhaeuser CB, Lahnstein K, Sitterberg J, Schmehl T, Gessler T, Bakowsky U, Seeger W, Kissel T. Stabilization of Aerosolizable Nano-carriers by Freeze-Drying. Pharm Res 2008; 26:129-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
58
|
Wang G, Uludag H. Recent developments in nanoparticle-based drug delivery and targeting systems with emphasis on protein-based nanoparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:499-515. [PMID: 18491978 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.5.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug delivery systems with nm dimensions (nanoparticles [NPs]) are attracting increasing attention because they can sequester drugs in systemic circulation, prevent non-specific biodistribution, and target to specific tissues. OBJECTIVE We reviewed the recent literature pertinent to NP-based drug delivery, primarily emphasizing NPs fabricated from proteins. METHODS A summary of common NP fabrication techniques is provided along with the range of sizes and functional properties obtained. The NP properties critical for injectable drug delivery are reviewed, as well as the attempts to design 'tissue-specific' NPs. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS It has been possible to design > 100 nm NPs from different biomaterials, and further understanding of in vivo stability and interactions with physiologic systems will lead to improved drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Wang
- Faculty of Engineering University of Alberta, Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, #526 CME Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2G6, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Card JW, Zeldin DC, Bonner JC, Nestmann ER. Pulmonary applications and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L400-11. [PMID: 18641236 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their unique physicochemical properties, engineered nanoparticles have the potential to significantly impact respiratory research and medicine by means of improving imaging capability and drug delivery, among other applications. These same properties, however, present potential safety concerns, and there is accumulating evidence to suggest that nanoparticles may exert adverse effects on pulmonary structure and function. The respiratory system is susceptible to injury resulting from inhalation of gases, aerosols, and particles, and also from systemic delivery of drugs, chemicals, and other compounds to the lungs via direct cardiac output to the pulmonary arteries. As such, it is a prime target for the possible toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the potential usefulness of nanoparticles and nanotechnology in respiratory research and medicine and to highlight important issues and recent data pertaining to nanoparticle-related pulmonary toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Card
- Cantox Health Sciences International, 2233 Argentia Rd., Suite 308, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5N 2X7.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Azarmi S, Roa WH, Löbenberg R. Targeted delivery of nanoparticles for the treatment of lung diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:863-75. [PMID: 18308418 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of drug molecules to organs or special sites is one of the most challenging research areas in pharmaceutical sciences. By developing colloidal delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles and nanoparticles a new frontier was opened for improving drug delivery. Nanoparticles with their special characteristics such as small particle size, large surface area and the capability of changing their surface properties have numerous advantages compared with other delivery systems. Targeted nanoparticle delivery to the lungs is an emerging area of interest. This article reviews research performed over the last decades on the application of nanoparticles administered via different routes of administration for treatment or diagnostic purposes. Nanotoxicological aspects of pulmonary delivery are also discussed.
Collapse
|
61
|
Pulliam B, Sung JC, Edwards DA. Design of nanoparticle-based dry powder pulmonary vaccines. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 4:651-63. [PMID: 17970667 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.4.6.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of needle-less vaccination for pulmonary delivery may require dry forms of vaccines whose powder properties allow for a low cost, heat and freeze tolerance, efficient aerosolization, and the ability to target cells of the immune system. For each of these reasons, nanoparticles can play a critical role in the formulation, development and delivery of needle-less vaccination. This review aims to communicate present biomaterial design issues surrounding the incorporation of nanoparticles into pulmonary vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pulliam
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, 40 Oxford Street, ESL 406, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
du Toit LC, Pillay V, Choonara YE, Iyuke SE. Formulation and evaluation of a salted-out isoniazid-loaded nanosystem. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:174-81. [PMID: 18446479 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-007-9016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a drug-loaded nanosystem that has the ability to achieve flexible yet rate-controlled release of model drug isoniazid (INH) employing either an aqueous or emulsion-based salting-out approach. Formulation conditions were aimed at reducing the polymeric size with subsequent rate-modulated INH release patterns from the polymeric nanosystem. The emulsion-based salted-out nanosystems had particle sizes ranging from 77-414 nm and a zeta potential of -24 mV. The dispersant dielectric constant was set at 78.5 and a conductivity of 3.99 mS/cm achieved. The reduced nanosystem size of the aqueous-based approach has demonstrated an intrinsically enhanced exposure of methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate to zinc sulphate which was employed as a crosslinking reagent. This resulted in robustly interconnected polymeric supports in which INH was efficiently embedded and subsequently released. The multi-layer perceptron data obtained showed that the aqueous and emulsion-based salting out approaches had Power (law) (MSE = 0.020) and Linear (MSE = 0.038) relationships, respectively. Drug release from the nanosystems occurred in two phases with an initial burst-release in aqueous-based nanosystems (30-100%) and significantly lower bursts observed in emulsion-based nanosystems (20-65%) within the first 2 h. This was followed by a gradual exponential release phase over the remaining 12 h. The nanosystems developed demonstrated the ability to control the release of INH depending on the formulation approach adopted.
Collapse
|
63
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONNanoparticles have been widely used to overcome the barriers for drug delivery. Those prepared from natural polymers have a significant advantage over others prepared from synthetic polymers. This article outlines the advantages of gelatin for the preparation of nanoparticles and a method for preparing them. The uses of nanoparticles are also discussed. Cell trafficking can be studied using nanoparticles encapsulated with electron-dense material (e.g., gold); such particles are then visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA-encapsulated nanoparticles can be used for transfection and other methods of gene delivery. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of transfection studies is outlined briefly.
Collapse
|
64
|
Khosravi-Darani K, Pardakhty A, Honarpisheh H, Rao VM, Mozafari MR. The role of high-resolution imaging in the evaluation of nanosystems for bioactive encapsulation and targeted nanotherapy. Micron 2007; 38:804-18. [PMID: 17669661 PMCID: PMC7126426 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has already started to significantly impact many industries and scientific fields including biotechnology, pharmaceutics, food technology and semiconductors. Nanotechnology-based tools and devices, including high-resolution imaging techniques, enable characterization and manipulation of materials at the nanolevel and further elucidate nanoscale phenomena and equip us with the ability to fabricate novel materials and structures. One of the most promising impacts of nanotechnology is in the area of nanotherapy. Employing nanosystems such as dendrimers, nanoliposomes, niosomes, nanotubes, emulsions and quantum dots, nanotherapy leads toward the concept of personalized medicine and the potential for early diagnoses coupled with efficient targeted therapy. The development of smart targeted nanocarriers that can deliver bioactives at a controlled rate directly to the designated cells and tissues will provide better efficacy and reduced side effects. Nanocarriers improve the solubility of bioactives and allow for the delivery of not only small-molecule drugs but also the delivery of nucleic acids and proteins. This review will focus on nanoscale bioactive delivery and targeting mechanisms and the role of high-resolution imaging techniques in the evaluation and development of nanocarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kianoush Khosravi-Darani
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 76175-493, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Honarpisheh
- Deputy of Education, Iranian Council of General Medical Education Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Ghods Town, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M. Reza Mozafari
- Riddet Centre, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Grenha A, Grainger CI, Dailey LA, Seijo B, Martin GP, Remuñán-López C, Forbes B. Chitosan nanoparticles are compatible with respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007; 31:73-84. [PMID: 17408932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the biocompatibility of novel respirable powder formulations of nanoparticles (NP) entrapped in mannitol microspheres using human respiratory epithelial cell lines. Microspheres formulated at NP:mannitol ratios of 10:90, 20:80 and 40:60 were evaluated using the Calu-3 and A549 cell lines. The MTT cell viability assay revealed an absence of overt toxicity to Calu-3 or A549 cells following exposure to the formulations containing <1.3mg NP/ml (equivalent to 0.87 mg NP/cm(2)) for up to 48 h. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and solute permeability in Calu-3 cell layers were determined following exposure of the cells to the NP:mannitol 20:80 formulation. After administration of the formulation dissolved in serum-free cell culture medium (1.3mg/ml NP suspension) to the cells, neither TER nor permeability were altered compared to untreated cell layers. Confocal microscopy did not reveal any NP internalisation under the conditions used in this study, although evidence of mucoadhesion was observed. All the data presented are encouraging with respect to the development of chitosan NP-containing microspheres for the pulmonary administration of therapeutic macromolecules. Not only do the formulations possess suitable aerodynamic characteristics and the capacity to encapsulate proteins as shown previously; they have now been shown to exhibit in vitro biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Grenha
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Hughes GA. Nanostructure-mediated drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2007; 1:22-30. [PMID: 17292054 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is expected to have an impact on all industries including semiconductors, manufacturing, and biotechnology. Tools that provide the capability to characterize and manipulate materials at the nanoscale level further elucidate nanoscale phenomena and equip researchers and developers with the ability to fabricate novel materials and structures. One of the most promising societal impacts of nanotechnology is in the area of nanomedicine. Personalized health care, rational drug design, and targeted drug delivery are some of the benefits of a nanomedicine-based approach to therapy. This review will focus on the development of nanoscale drug delivery mechanisms. Nanostructured drug carriers allow for the delivery of not only small-molecule drugs but also the delivery of nucleic acids and proteins. Delivery of these molecules to specific areas within the body can be achieved, which will reduce systemic side effects and allow for more efficient use of the drug.
Collapse
|
67
|
Ha CS, Gardella JA. Surface Chemistry of Biodegradable Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems. Chem Rev 2005; 105:4205-32. [PMID: 16277374 DOI: 10.1021/cr040419y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sik Ha
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Forbes B, Ehrhardt C. Human respiratory epithelial cell culture for drug delivery applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 60:193-205. [PMID: 15939233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Revised: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in delivering drugs to the lung are driving the need for in vitro methods to evaluate the fate of inhaled medicines. Constraints on experimentation using animals have promoted the use of human respiratory epithelial cell cultures to model the absorption barrier of the lung; with two airway cell lines, 16HBE14o- and Calu-3, and primary cultured human alveolar type I-like cells (hAEpC) gaining prominence. These in vitro models develop permeability properties which are comparable to those reported for native lung epithelia. This is in contrast to the high permeability of the A549 human alveolar cell line, which is unsuitable for use in drug permeability experiments. Tabulation of apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of compounds measured in 'absorptive' and 'secretory' directions reveals that fewer compounds (< 15) have been evaluated in 16HBE14o- cells and hAEpC compared to Calu-3 cells (> 50). Vectorial (asymmetric) transport of compounds is reported in the three cell types with P-glycoprotein, the most studied transport mechanism, being reported in all. Progress is being made towards in vitro-in vivo-correlation for pulmonary absorption and in the use of cultured respiratory cells to evaluate drug metabolism, toxicity and targeting strategies. In summary, methods for the culture of human respiratory epithelial cell layers have been established and data regarding their permeability characteristics and suitability to model the lung is becoming available. Discerning the circumstances under which the use of human respiratory cell models will be essential, or offers advantages over non-organ, non-species specific cell models, is the next challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Forbes
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, King's College London, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
|
70
|
Conwell CC, Huang L. Recent Advances in Non‐viral Gene Delivery. NON-VIRAL VECTORS FOR GENE THERAPY, SECOND EDITION: PART 1 2005; 53PA:1-18. [PMID: 16243058 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(05)53001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been deemed the medicine of the future due to its potential to treat many types of diseases. However, many obstacles remain before gene delivery is optimized to specific target cells. Over the last several decades, many approaches to gene delivery have been closely examined. By understanding the factors that determine the efficiency of gene uptake and expression as well as those that influence the toxicity of the vector, we are better able to develop new vector systems. This chapter will provide a brief overview of recent advances in gene delivery, specifically on the development of novel non-viral vectors. The following chapters will provide additional details regarding the evolution of non-viral gene delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Conwell
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Michaelis M, Langer K, Arnold S, Doerr HW, Kreuter J, Cinatl J. Pharmacological activity of DTPA linked to protein-based drug carrier systems. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:1236-40. [PMID: 15451429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The chelating agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) inhibits human cytomegalovirus replication. Since chelating agents are known to exhibit anti-cancer effects, DTPA-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and neuroblastoma cells (UKF-NB-3). DTPA inhibited cancer cell growth in threefold lower concentrations compared to human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). Antiviral and anti-cancer activity of chelating agents is caused by intracellular complexation of metal ions. DTPA, an extracellular chelator, was covalently coupled to human serum albumin (HSA) molecules, HSA nanoparticles (HSA-NP), gelatin type B (GelB) molecules, and GelB nanoparticles (GelB-NP) to increase cellular uptake. Coupling of DTPA to drug carrier systems increased its cytotoxic and antiviral activity by 5- to 8-fold. Confocal laser scanning microscope examination revealed uptake of DTPA-HSA-NP in UKF-NB-3 cells and HFF. Therefore, coupling of DTPA to protein-based drug carrier systems increases its antiviral and anti-cancer activity probably by mediating cellular uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Michaelis
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Zentrum der Hygiene, Klinikum der J.W. Goethe-Universität, Paul Ehrlich Str. 40, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|