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Han WM, Mohiuddin M, Anderson SE, García AJ, Jang YC. Co-delivery of Wnt7a and muscle stem cells using synthetic bioadhesive hydrogel enhances murine muscle regeneration and cell migration during engraftment. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:243-252. [PMID: 31228633 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses efficient ability to regenerate upon minor injuries, but its capacity to regenerate is severely compromised with traumatic injuries and muscle-associated diseases. Recent evidence suggests that skeletal muscle regeneration can be enhanced by transplantation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) or treatment with pro-myogenic factors, such as Wingless-type MMTV Integrated 7a (Wnt7a) protein. Although direct intramuscular injection is the simplest method to deliver MuSCs and Wnt7a for regenerative therapy, direct injections are not viable in many clinical cases where structural integrity is severely compromised. To address this challenge, we evaluated the feasibility of co-delivering pro-myogenic factors, such as Wnt7a, and MuSCs using a synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel to the affected skeletal muscles. The Wnt7a release rate can be controlled by modulating the polymer density of the hydrogel, and this release rate can be further accelerated through the proteolytic degradation of the hydrogel. Treating cryo-injured tibialis anterior (TA) muscles with Wnt7a-loaded hydrogels resulted in an improved regenerative response by day 14, measured by increased muscle fiber cross-sectional area, bulk TA mass, and the number of Pax7+ MuSCs at the injury site, compared to the TA muscles treated with Wnt7a-free hydrogels. Co-delivery of Wnt7a and primary MuSCs using the synthetic hydrogel to the cryo-injured TA muscles significantly increased cellular migration during the engraftment process. This work provides a synthetic biomaterial platform for advancing treatment strategies of skeletal muscle conditions where direct intramuscular injection may be challenging. Finally, the current outcomes establish an important foundation for future applications in treating severe muscle trauma and diseases, where the endogenous repair capacity is critically impaired. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Skeletal muscle injuries and diseases cause debilitating health consequences, including disability and diminished quality of life. Treatment using protein and stem cell-based therapeutics may help regenerate the affected muscles, but direct intramuscular injection may not be feasible in severe muscle injuries due to the gravely damaged tissue structure. In chronic muscle diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, local treatment of the diaphragm, a muscle critical for respiration, may be necessary but direct injection is difficult due to its thin dimensions. To address this challenge, this work presents a synthetic and bioactive muscle "patch" that enables concurrent administration of proteins and muscle stem cells for accelerated muscle healing.
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Holyoak DT, Wheeler TA, van der Meulen MCH, Singh A. Injectable mechanical pillows for attenuation of load-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:211-219. [PMID: 31402982 PMCID: PMC6683954 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is a degenerative disease initiated by mechanical stress that affects millions of individuals. The disease manifests as joint damage and synovial inflammation. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a specific form of OA caused by mechanical trauma to the joint. The progression of PTOA is prevented by immediate post-injury therapeutic intervention. Intra-articular injection of anti-inflammatory therapeutics (e.g. corticosteroids) is a common treatment option for OA before end-stage surgical intervention. However, the efficacy of intra-articular injection is limited due to poor drug retention time in the joint space and the variable efficacy of corticosteroids. Here, we endeavored to characterize a four-arm maleimide-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-4MAL) hydrogel system as a 'mechanical pillow' to cushion the load-bearing joint, withstand repetitive loading and improve the efficacy of intra-articular injections of nanoparticles containing dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory agent. PEG-4MAL hydrogels maintained their mechanical properties after physiologically relevant cyclic compression and released therapeutic payload in an on-demand manner under in vitro inflammatory conditions. Importantly, the on-demand hydrogels did not release nanoparticles under repetitive mechanical loading as experienced by daily walking. Although dexamethasone had minimal protective effects on OA-like pathology in our studies, the PEG-4MAL hydrogel functioned as a mechanical pillow to protect the knee joint from cartilage degradation and inhibit osteophyte formation in an in vivo load-induced OA mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T Holyoak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tibra A Wheeler
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marjolein C H van der Meulen
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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53
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Reyes‐Martínez JE, Ruiz‐Pacheco JA, Flores‐Valdéz MA, Elsawy MA, Vallejo‐Cardona AA, Castillo‐Díaz LA. Advanced hydrogels for treatment of diabetes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1375-1393. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juana E. Reyes‐Martínez
- Departamento de Biología. División de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato México
| | | | - Mario A. Flores‐Valdéz
- Biotecnología Médica y FarmacéuticaCentro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ) Guadalajara México
| | - Mohamed A. Elsawy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Central Lancashire Preston UK
| | - Alba A. Vallejo‐Cardona
- Biotecnología Médica y FarmacéuticaCentro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ) Guadalajara México
| | - Luis A. Castillo‐Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la SaludUniversidad de Sonora Hermosillo México
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Hu S, de Vos P. Polymeric Approaches to Reduce Tissue Responses Against Devices Applied for Islet-Cell Encapsulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:134. [PMID: 31214587 PMCID: PMC6558039 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoisolation of pancreatic islets is a technology in which islets are encapsulated in semipermeable but immunoprotective polymeric membranes. The technology allows for successful transplantation of insulin-producing cells in the absence of immunosuppression. Different approaches of immunoisolation are currently under development. These approaches involve intravascular devices that are connected to the bloodstream and extravascular devices that can be distinguished in micro- and macrocapsules and are usually implanted in the peritoneal cavity or under the skin. The technology has been subject of intense fundamental research in the past decade. It has co-evolved with novel replenishable cell sources for cure of diseases such as Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus that need to be protected for the host immune system. Although the devices have shown significant success in animal models and even in human safety studies most technologies still suffer from undesired tissue responses in the host. Here we review the past and current approaches to modulate and reduce tissue responses against extravascular cell-containing micro- and macrocapsules with a focus on rational choices for polymer (combinations). Choices for polymers but also choices for crosslinking agents that induce more stable and biocompatible capsules are discussed. Combining beneficial properties of molecules in diblock polymers or application of these molecules or other anti-biofouling molecules have been reviewed. Emerging are also the principles of polymer brushes that prevent protein and cell-adhesion. Recently also immunomodulating biomaterials that bind to specific immune receptors have entered the field. Several natural and synthetic polymers and even combinations of these polymers have demonstrated significant improvement in outcomes of encapsulated grafts. Adequate polymeric surface properties have been shown to be essential but how the surface should be composed to avoid host responses remains to be identified. Current insight is that optimal biocompatible devices can be created which raises optimism that immunoisolating devices can be created that allows for long term survival of encapsulated replenishable insulin-producing cell sources for treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixan Hu
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Immunoendocrinology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Williams EK, García JR, Mannino RG, Schneider RS, Lam WA, García AJ. Enabling mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulatory analysis using scalable platforms. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:154-162. [PMID: 31135880 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are a promising cell source for numerous regenerative medicine and cell therapy-based applications. However, MSC-based therapies have faced challenges in translation to the clinic, in part due to the lack of sufficient technologies that accurately predict MSC potency and are viable in the context of cell manufacturing. Microfluidic platforms may provide an innovative opportunity to address these challenges by enabling multiparameter analyses of small sample sizes in a high throughput and cost-effective manner, and may provide a more predictive environment in which to analyze hMSC potency. To this end, we demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating 3D culture environments into microfluidic platforms for analysis of hMSC secretory response to inflammatory stimuli and multi-parameter testing using cost-effective and scalable approaches. We first find that the cytokine secretion profile for hMSCs cultured within synthetic poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels is significantly different compared to those cultured on glass substrates, both in growth media and following stimulation with IFN-γ and TNF-α, for cells derived from two donors. For both donors, perfusion with IFN-γ and TNF-α leads to differences in secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) between hMSCs cultured in hydrogels and those cultured on glass substrates. We then demonstrate the feasibility of analyzing the response of hMSCs to a stable concentration gradient of soluble factors such as inflammatory stimuli for potential future use in potency analyses, minimizing the amount of sample required for dose-response testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kendall Williams
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - José R García
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Robert G Mannino
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca S Schneider
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA
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56
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Becker MW, Simonovich JA, Phelps EA. Engineered microenvironments and microdevices for modeling the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Biomaterials 2019; 198:49-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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57
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58
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Minardi S, Guo M, Zhang X, Luo X. An elastin-based vasculogenic scaffold promotes marginal islet mass engraftment and function at an extrahepatic site. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 3:1-12. [PMID: 31681866 PMCID: PMC6824601 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In islet transplantation, one of the major obstacles to optimal engraftment is the loss of islet natural vascularization and islet-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) during the islet isolation process. Thus, transplanted islets must re-establish nutritional and physical support through formation of new blood vessels and new ECM. To promote this critical process, we developed an elastin-based vasculogenic and ECM-promoting scaffold engineered for extrahepatic islet transplantation. The scaffold by design consisted of type I collagen (Coll) blended with 20wt% of elastin (E) shown to promote angiogenesis as well as de novo ECM deposition. The resulting "CollE" scaffolds h ad interconnected pores with a size distribution tailored to accommodate seeding of islets as well as growth of new blood vessels. In vitro, CollE scaffolds enabled prolonged culture of murine islets for up to one week while preserving their integrity, viability and function. In vivo, after only four weeks post-transplant of a marginal islet mass, CollE scaffolds demonstrated enhanced vascularization of the transplanted islets in the epididymal fat pad and promoted a prompt reversal of hyperglycemia in previously diabetic recipients. This outcome was comparable to that of kidney capsular (KC) islet transplantation, and superior to that of islets transplanted on the control collagen-only scaffolds (Coll). Crucial genes associated with angiogenesis (VEGFA, PDGFB, FGF1, and COL3A1) as well as de novo islet-specific matrix deposition (COL6A1, COL4A1, LAMA2 and FN1) were all significantly upregulated in islets on CollE scaffolds in comparison to those on Coll scaffolds. Finally, CollE scaffolds were also able to support human islet culture in vitro. In conclusion, CollE scaffolds have the potential to improve the clinical outcome of marginal islet transplantation at extrahepatic sites by promoting angiogenesis and islet-specific ECM deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Minardi
- Center for Kidney Research and Therapeutics, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michelle Guo
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Center for Kidney Research and Therapeutics, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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59
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Remodelling and Improvements in Organoid Technology to Study Liver Carcinogenesis in a Dish. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3831213. [PMID: 30915124 PMCID: PMC6399527 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3831213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the sixth most common tumour disease and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The two most common types of PLC are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Diverse subgroups are described and a manifold number of gene mutations are known. Asymptomatic disease progression and limited therapeutic options are the reasons for the high mortality rate in PLC. Up to date, the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and lenvatinib are the only FDA-approved first-line treatments for advanced HCC. One of the major drawbacks in the preclinical drug development is the lack of suitable model systems. In recent years, 3D organoid cultures were established from several organs and tumour subtypes, thereby opening new avenues in tumour research. 3D organoid cultures are used to describe the tumour diversity, for cancer modelling in a dish and for therapy responsiveness. The establishment of living biobanks and the development of next-generation matrices are promising approaches to overcome drug resistance and to improve the quality of personalised anticancer strategies for patients with PLC. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of 3D cultures generated from healthy liver and primary liver cancer.
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60
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Paving the way for successful islet encapsulation. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:737-748. [PMID: 30738185 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder that decimates pancreatic β-cells which produce insulin. Direct pancreatic islet transplantation cannot serve as a widespread therapeutic modality owing to the need for lifelong immunosuppression and donor shortage. Therefore, several encapsulation techniques have been developed to enclose the islets in semipermeable vehicles that will allow oxygen and nutrient input as well as insulin, other metabolites and waste output, while accomplishing immunoisolation. Although encapsulation technology continues to face significant obstacles, recent advances in material science, stem cell biology and immunology potentially serve as pathways to success. This review summarizes the accomplishments of the past 5 years.
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61
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Subbiah R, Guldberg RE. Materials Science and Design Principles of Growth Factor Delivery Systems in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801000. [PMID: 30398700 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) are signaling molecules that direct cell development by providing biochemical cues for stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. GFs play a key role in tissue regeneration, but one major limitation of GF-based therapies is dosage-related adverse effects. Additionally, the clinical applications and efficacy of GFs are significantly affected by the efficiency of delivery systems and other pharmacokinetic factors. Hence, it is crucial to design delivery systems that provide optimal activity, stability, and tunable delivery for GFs. Understanding the physicochemical properties of the GFs and the biomaterials utilized for the development of biomimetic GF delivery systems is critical for GF-based regeneration. Many different delivery systems have been developed to achieve tunable delivery kinetics for single or multiple GFs. The identification of ideal biomaterials with tunable properties for spatiotemporal delivery of GFs is still challenging. This review characterizes the types, properties, and functions of GFs, the materials science of widely used biomaterials, and various GF loading strategies to comprehensively summarize the current delivery systems for tunable spatiotemporal delivery of GFs aimed for tissue regeneration applications. This review concludes by discussing fundamental design principles for GF delivery vehicles based on the interactive physicochemical properties of the proteins and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Subbiah
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact; 6231 University of Oregon; Eugene OR 97403 USA
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62
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Salg GA, Giese NA, Schenk M, Hüttner FJ, Felix K, Probst P, Diener MK, Hackert T, Kenngott HG. The emerging field of pancreatic tissue engineering: A systematic review and evidence map of scaffold materials and scaffolding techniques for insulin-secreting cells. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419884708. [PMID: 31700597 PMCID: PMC6823987 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419884708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioartificial endocrine pancreas is proposed as a future alternative to current treatment options. Patients with insulin-secretion deficiency might benefit. This is the first systematic review that provides an overview of scaffold materials and techniques for insulin-secreting cells or cells to be differentiated into insulin-secreting cells. An electronic literature survey was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science, limited to the past 10 years. A total of 197 articles investigating 60 different materials met the inclusion criteria. The extracted data on materials, cell types, study design, and transplantation sites were plotted into two evidence gap maps. Integral parts of the tissue engineering network such as fabrication technique, extracellular matrix, vascularization, immunoprotection, suitable transplantation sites, and the use of stem cells are highlighted. This systematic review provides an evidence-based structure for future studies. Accumulating evidence shows that scaffold-based tissue engineering can enhance the viability and function or differentiation of insulin-secreting cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Alexander Salg
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia A Giese
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Schenk
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J Hüttner
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Felix
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Probst
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus K Diener
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Götz Kenngott
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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63
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3D-Models of Insulin-Producing β-Cells: from Primary Islet Cells to Stem Cell-Derived Islets. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:177-188. [PMID: 29181780 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for physiologically relevant assay platforms to provide functionally relevant models of diabetes, to accelerate the discovery of new treatment options and boost developments in drug discovery. In this review, we compare several 3D-strategies that have been used to increase the functional relevance of ex vivo human primary pancreatic islets and developments into the generation of stem cell derived pancreatic beta-cells (β-cells). Special attention will be given to recent approaches combining the use of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds with pancreatic molecular memory, which can be used to improve yield and functionality of in vitro stem cell-derived pancreatic models. The ultimate goal is to develop scalable cell-based platforms for diabetes research and drug screening. This article will critically assess key aspects related to in vitro pancreatic 3D-ECM models and highlight the most promising approaches for future research.
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64
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Kumar M, Gupta P, Bhattacharjee S, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Immunomodulatory injectable silk hydrogels maintaining functional islets and promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization. Biomaterials 2018; 187:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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65
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Perez-Basterrechea M, Esteban MM, Vega JA, Obaya AJ. Tissue-engineering approaches in pancreatic islet transplantation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:3009-3029. [PMID: 30144310 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising alternative to whole-pancreas transplantation as a treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. This technique has been extensively developed during the past few years, with the main purpose of minimizing the complications arising from the standard protocols used in organ transplantation. By using a variety of strategies used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, pancreatic islets have been successfully introduced in host patients with different outcomes in terms of islet survival and functionality, as well as the desired normoglycemic control. Here, we describe and discuss those strategies to transplant islets together with different scaffolds, in combination with various cell types and diffusible factors, and always with the aim of reducing host immune response and achieving islet survival, regardless of the site of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Perez-Basterrechea
- Unidad de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain.,Plataforma de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel M Esteban
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose A Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro J Obaya
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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66
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Rios PD, Skoumal M, Liu J, Youngblood R, Kniazeva E, Garcia AJ, Shea LD. Evaluation of encapsulating and microporous nondegradable hydrogel scaffold designs on islet engraftment in rodent models of diabetes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2356-2364. [PMID: 29873059 PMCID: PMC6131066 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes mellitus, yet the current delivery into the hepatic portal vasculature is limited by poor engraftment. Biomaterials have been used as a means to promote engraftment and function at extrahepatic sites, with strategies being categorized as encapsulation or microporous scaffolds that can either isolate or integrate islets with the host tissue, respectively. Although these approaches are typically studied separately using distinct material platforms, herein, we developed nondegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogels for islet encapsulation or as microporous scaffolds for islet seeding to compare the initial engraftment and function of islets in syngeneic diabetic mice. Normoglycemia was restored with transplantation of islets within either encapsulating or microporous hydrogels containing 700 islet equivalents (IEQ), with transplantation on microporous hydrogels producing lower blood glucose levels at earlier times. A glucose challenge test at 1 month after transplant indicated that encapsulated islets had a delay in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas microporous hydrogels restored normoglycemia in times consistent with native pancreata. Encapsulated islets remained isolated from the host tissue, whereas the microporous scaffolds allowed for revascularization of the islets after transplant. Finally, we compared the inflammatory response after transplantation for the two systems and noted that microporous hydrogels had a substantially increased presence of neutrophils. Collectively, these findings suggest that both encapsulation and microporous PEG scaffold designs allow for stable engraftment of syngeneic islets and the ability to restore normoglycemia, yet the architecture influences islet function and responsiveness after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Rios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Michael Skoumal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Richard Youngblood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ekaterina Kniazeva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrés J Garcia
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Cruz-Acuña R, Quirós M, Huang S, Siuda D, Spence JR, Nusrat A, García AJ. PEG-4MAL hydrogels for human organoid generation, culture, and in vivo delivery. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:2102-2119. [PMID: 30190557 PMCID: PMC7240347 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived organoids (HOs) facilitates the production of multicellular three-dimensional structures analogous to native human tissues. Most current methods for the generation of HOs rely on Matrigel, a poorly defined basement membrane derivative secreted by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells, limiting the potential use of HOs for regenerative medicine applications. Here, we describe a protocol for the synthesis of a fully defined, synthetic hydrogel that supports the generation and culture of HOs. Modular, cell-encapsulating hydrogels are formed from a four-armed poly(ethylene glycol) macromer that has maleimide groups at each terminus (PEG-4MAL) and is conjugated to cysteine-containing adhesive peptides and cross-linked via protease-degradable peptides. The protocol also includes guidelines for the localized in vivo delivery of PEG-4MAL hydrogel-encapsulated HOs to injured mouse colon. The PEG-4MAL hydrogel supports the engraftment of the HOs and accelerates colonic wound repair. This culture and delivery strategy can thus be used to develop HO-based therapies to treat injury and disease. Hydrogel and tissue preparation and subsequent encapsulation can be performed within 2.5-3.5 h. Once HOs have been cultured in synthetic hydrogels for at least 14 d, they can be prepared and delivered to the mouse colon in under 5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miguel Quirós
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dorothée Siuda
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Andrés J García
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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68
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Han WM, Anderson SE, Mohiuddin M, Barros D, Nakhai SA, Shin E, Amaral IF, Pêgo AP, García AJ, Jang YC. Synthetic matrix enhances transplanted satellite cell engraftment in dystrophic and aged skeletal muscle with comorbid trauma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar4008. [PMID: 30116776 PMCID: PMC6093653 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) play a central role in muscle regeneration, but their quantity and function decline with comorbidity of trauma, aging, and muscle diseases. Although transplantation of MuSCs in traumatically injured muscle in the comorbid context of aging or pathology is a strategy to boost muscle regeneration, an effective cell delivery strategy in these contexts has not been developed. We engineered a synthetic hydrogel-based matrix with optimal mechanical, cell-adhesive, and protease-degradable properties that promotes MuSC survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, we establish a biomaterial-mediated cell delivery strategy for treating muscle trauma, where intramuscular injections may not be applicable. Delivery of MuSCs in the engineered matrix significantly improved in vivo cell survival, proliferation, and engraftment in nonirradiated and immunocompetent muscles of aged and dystrophic mice compared to collagen gels and cell-only controls. This platform may be suitable for treating craniofacial and limb muscle trauma, as well as postoperative wounds of elderly and dystrophic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin M. Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Shannon E. Anderson
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Mahir Mohiuddin
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Daniela Barros
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shadi A. Nakhai
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Eunjung Shin
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Isabel Freitas Amaral
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Young C. Jang
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Headen DM, Woodward KB, Coronel MM, Shrestha P, Weaver JD, Zhao H, Tan M, Hunckler MD, Bowen WS, Johnson CT, Shea L, Yolcu ES, García AJ, Shirwan H. Local immunomodulation Fas ligand-engineered biomaterials achieves allogeneic islet graft acceptance. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:732-739. [PMID: 29867165 PMCID: PMC6060019 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for type 1 diabetes. However, chronic immunosuppression to control rejection of allogeneic islets induces morbidities and impairs islet function. T effector cells are responsible for islet allograft rejection and express Fas death receptors following activation, becoming sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Here, we report that localized immunomodulation using microgels presenting an apoptotic form of the Fas ligand with streptavidin (SA-FasL) results in prolonged survival of allogeneic islet grafts in diabetic mice. A short course of rapamycin treatment boosted the immunomodulatory efficacy of SA-FasL microgels, resulting in acceptance and function of allografts over 200 days. Survivors generated normal systemic responses to donor antigens, implying immune privilege of the graft, and had increased CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in the graft and draining lymph nodes. Deletion of T regulatory cells resulted in acute rejection of established islet allografts. This localized immunomodulatory biomaterial-enabled approach may provide an alternative to chronic immunosuppression for clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon M Headen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyle B Woodward
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - María M Coronel
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pradeep Shrestha
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Min Tan
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michael D Hunckler
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William S Bowen
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher T Johnson
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lonnie Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Esma S Yolcu
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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70
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Yang KC, Yanai G, Yang SY, Canning P, Satou Y, Kawagoe M, Sumi S. Low-adhesive ethylene vinyl alcohol-based packaging to xenogeneic islet encapsulation for type 1 diabetes treatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2341-2355. [PMID: 29777589 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of encapsulated porcine islets is proposed to treat type 1 diabetes. However, the envelopment of fibrous tissue and the infiltration of immune cells impair islet function and eventually cause implant failure. It is known that hemodialysis using an ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) membrane results in minor tissue responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that using a low-adhesive EVOH membrane for encapsulation may prevent host cell accumulation and fibrous capsule formation. In this study, rat islets suspended in chitosan gel were encapsulated in bags made from highly porous EVOH membranes, and their in vitro insulin secretion function as well as in vivo performance was evaluated. The results showed that the EVOH bag did not affect islet survival or glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Whereas naked islets were dysfunctional after 7 days of culture in vitro, islets within the EVOH bag produced insulin continuously for 30 days. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were given islets-chitosan gel-EVOH implants intraperitoneally (650-800 islets equivalent) and exhibited lower blood glucose levels and regained body weight during a 4-week observation period. The transplanted mice had higher levels of serum insulin and C-peptide, with an improved blood glucose disappearance rate. Retrieved implants had minor tissue adhesion, and histology showed a limited number of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts surrounding the implants. No invasion of host cells into the EVOH bags was noticed, and the encapsulated islets were intact and positive for insulin-glucagon immunostaining. In conclusion, an EVOH bag can protect encapsulated islets, limit fibrous capsule formation, and extend graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chiang Yang
- Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Goichi Yanai
- Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sin-Yu Yang
- Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Priyadarshini Canning
- Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Satou
- Molding Component Business Department, Kuraray Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Kawagoe
- Molding Component Business Department, Kuraray Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Sumi
- Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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71
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Gabr MM, Zakaria MM, Refaie AF, Ismail AM, Khater SM, Ashamallah SA, Azzam MM, Ghoneim MA. Insulin-producing Cells from Adult Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Could Control Chemically Induced Diabetes in Dogs: A Preliminary Study. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:937-947. [PMID: 29860900 PMCID: PMC6050912 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718759913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten mongrel dogs were used in this study. Diabetes was chemically induced in 7 dogs, and 3 dogs served as normal controls. For each diabetic dog, 5 million human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells/kg were differentiated to form insulin-producing cells using a trichostatin-based protocol. Cells were then loaded in 2 TheraCyte capsules which were transplanted under the rectus sheath. One dog died 4 d postoperatively from pneumonia. Six dogs were followed up with for 6 to 18 mo. Euglycemia was achieved in 4 dogs. Their glucose tolerance curves exhibited a normal pattern demonstrating that the encapsulated cells were glucose sensitive and insulin responsive. In the remaining 2 dogs, the fasting blood sugar levels were reduced but did not reach normal values. The sera of all transplanted dogs contained human insulin and C-peptide with a negligible amount of canine insulin. Removal of the transplanted capsules was followed by prompt return of diabetes. Intracytoplasmic insulin granules were seen by immunofluorescence in cells from the harvested capsules. Furthermore, all pancreatic endocrine genes were expressed. This study demonstrated that the TheraCyte capsule or a similar device can provide adequate immunoisolation, an important issue when stem cells are considered for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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72
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Hydrogel delivery of lysostaphin eliminates orthopedic implant infection by Staphylococcus aureus and supports fracture healing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4960-E4969. [PMID: 29760099 PMCID: PMC5984524 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801013115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic implant infections require long-term antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement to successfully retain the implant; however, therapeutic failure can lead to implant removal. Here an injectable PEG-based hydrogel that adheres to exposed tissue and fracture surfaces is engineered to deliver the antimicrobial enzyme lysostaphin to infected, implant-fixed, mouse femoral fractures. Lysostaphin encapsulation within the hydrogel enhances enzyme stability while providing enhanced antibiofilm activity and serving as a controlled delivery platform. In a preclinical animal model of orthopedic-implant infection, we show that lysostaphin-delivering hydrogels outperform prophylactic antibiotic therapy and soluble lysostaphin, by eradicating infection while promoting bone repair. Importantly, lysostaphin-delivering hydrogels are effective against antibiotic-resistant infections. This lysostaphin delivery platform could be highly effective at treating and preventing implant infections. Orthopedic implant infections are a significant clinical problem, with current therapies limited to surgical debridement and systemic antibiotic regimens. Lysostaphin is a bacteriolytic enzyme with high antistaphylococcal activity. We engineered a lysostaphin-delivering injectable PEG hydrogel to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections in bone fractures. The injectable hydrogel formulation adheres to exposed tissue and fracture surfaces, ensuring efficient, local delivery of lysostaphin. Lysostaphin encapsulation within this synthetic hydrogel maintained enzyme stability and activity. Lysostaphin-delivering hydrogels exhibited enhanced antibiofilm activity compared with soluble lysostaphin. Lysostaphin-delivering hydrogels eradicated S. aureus infection and outperformed prophylactic antibiotic and soluble lysostaphin therapy in a murine model of femur fracture. Analysis of the local inflammatory response to infections treated with lysostaphin-delivering hydrogels revealed indistinguishable differences in cytokine secretion profiles compared with uninfected fractures, demonstrating clearance of bacteria and associated inflammation. Importantly, infected fractures treated with lysostaphin-delivering hydrogels fully healed by 5 wk with bone formation and mechanical properties equivalent to those of uninfected fractures, whereas fractures treated without the hydrogel carrier were equivalent to untreated infections. Finally, lysostaphin-delivering hydrogels eliminate methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections, supporting this therapy as an alternative to antibiotics. These results indicate that lysostaphin-delivering hydrogels effectively eliminate orthopedic S. aureus infections while simultaneously supporting fracture repair.
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73
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Weaver JD, Headen DM, Hunckler MD, Coronel MM, Stabler CL, García AJ. Design of a vascularized synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) macroencapsulation device for islet transplantation. Biomaterials 2018; 172:54-65. [PMID: 29715595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of immunoisolating macrodevices in islet transplantation confers the benefit of safety and translatability by containing transplanted cells within a single retrievable device. To date, there has been limited development and characterization of synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel macrodevices for islet encapsulation and transplantation. Herein, we describe a two-component synthetic PEG hydrogel macrodevice system, designed for islet delivery to an extrahepatic islet transplant site, consisting of a hydrogel core cross-linked with a non-degradable PEG dithiol and a vasculogenic outer layer cross-linked with a proteolytically sensitive peptide to promote degradation and enhance localized vascularization. Synthetic PEG macrodevices exhibited equivalent passive molecular transport to traditional microencapsulation materials (e.g., alginate) and long-term stability in the presence of proteases in vitro and in vivo, out to 14 weeks in rats. Encapsulated islets demonstrated high viability within the device in vitro and the incorporation of RGD adhesive peptides within the islet encapsulating PEG hydrogel improved insulin responsiveness to a glucose challenge. In vivo, the implementation of a vasculogenic, degradable hydrogel layer at the outer interface of the macrodevice enhanced vascular density within the rat omentum transplant site, resulting in improved encapsulated islet viability in a syngeneic diabetic rat model. These results highlight the benefits of the facile PEG platform to provide controlled presentation of islet-supportive ligands, as well as degradable interfaces for the promotion of engraftment and overall graft efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Weaver
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Devon M Headen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Michael D Hunckler
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Maria M Coronel
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Cherie L Stabler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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74
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Schweikle M, Zinn T, Lund R, Tiainen H. Injectable synthetic hydrogel for bone regeneration: Physicochemical characterisation of a high and a low pH gelling system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:67-76. [PMID: 29853138 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid poly(ethylene glycol)-co-peptide hydrogels are a versatile platform for bone regeneration. For the use as injectable scaffolds, a good understanding of reaction kinetics and physical properties is vital. However, these factors have not yet been comprehensively illuminated. We show that gelation time can be effectively controlled by pH without affecting the elasticity of the formed hydrogels. Maleimide functionalised PEG gels at lower pH and produces more densely cross-linked networks than vinylsulfone functionalised PEG. Both form non-ideal networks. The elastic moduli on the order of a few kPa are in good agreement with the structural characterisation. Primary human osteoblasts cultured in proximity to bulk gels were not adversely affected in vitro. The results demonstrate that hybrid PEG-peptide hydrogels can be tailored to the requirements of in situ gelation. Attributed to their increased structural properties and a higher tolerance towards low pH, maleimide functionalised hydrogels might provide a better alternative for injectable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schweikle
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 69-71, 0455 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thomas Zinn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Tiainen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 69-71, 0455 Oslo, Norway
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75
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Navarro-Requena C, Weaver JD, Clark AY, Clift DA, Pérez-Amodio S, Castaño Ó, Zhou DW, García AJ, Engel E. PEG hydrogel containing calcium-releasing particles and mesenchymal stromal cells promote vessel maturation. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:53-65. [PMID: 29246650 PMCID: PMC6534820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) for treating diseased tissues with poor vascularization has received significant attention, but low cell survival has hampered its translation to the clinic. Bioglasses and glass-ceramics have also been suggested as therapeutic agents for stimulating angiogenesis in soft tissues, but these effects need further evaluation in vivo. In this study, calcium-releasing particles and hMSC were combined within a hydrogel to examine their vasculogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. The particles provided sustained calcium release and showed proangiogenic stimulation in a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The number of hMSC encapsulated in a degradable RGD-functionalized PEG hydrogel containing particles remained constant over time and IGF-1 release was increased. When implanted in the epidydimal fat pad of immunocompromised mice, this composite material improved cell survival and stimulated vessel formation and maturation. Thus, the combination of hMSC and calcium-releasing glass-ceramics represents a new strategy to achieve vessel stabilization, a key factor in the revascularization of ischemic tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Increasing blood vessel formation in diseased tissues with poor vascularization is a current clinical challenge. Cell therapy using human mesenchymal stem cells has received considerable interest, but low cell survival has hampered its translation to the clinic. Bioglasses and glass-ceramics have been explored as therapeutic agents for stimulating angiogenesis in soft tissues, but these effects need further evaluation in vivo. By incorporating both human mesenchymal stem cells and glass-ceramic particles in an implantable hydrogel, this study provides insights into the vasculogenic potential in soft tissues of the combined strategies. Enhancement of vessel formation and maturation supports further investigation of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Navarro-Requena
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Amy Y Clark
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Douglas A Clift
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Óscar Castaño
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Dennis W Zhou
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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76
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Abstract
Review of emerging advances and persisting challenges in the engineering and translation of islet encapsulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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77
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Zhang S, Xin P, Ou Q, Hollett G, Gu Z, Wu J. Poly(ester amide)-based hybrid hydrogels for efficient transdermal insulin delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6723-6730. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01466c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive, non-invasive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Peikun Xin
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qianmin Ou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology
- Hospital of Stomatology
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510055
| | - Geoffrey Hollett
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
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78
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Ndong JDLC, Stephenson Y, Davis ME, García AJ, Goudy S. Controlled JAGGED1 delivery induces human embryonic palate mesenchymal cells to form osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:552-560. [PMID: 28913955 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast commitment and differentiation are controlled by multiple growth factors including members of the Notch signaling pathway. JAGGED1 is a cell surface ligand of the Notch pathway that is necessary for murine bone formation. The delivery of JAGGED1 to induce bone formation is complicated by its need to be presented in a bound form to allow for proper Notch receptor signaling. In this study, we investigate whether the sustained release of JAGGED1 stimulates human mesenchymal cells to commit to osteoblast cell fate using polyethylene glycol malemeide (PEG-MAL) hydrogel delivery system. Our data demonstrated that PEG-MAL hydrogel constructs are stable in culture for at least three weeks and maintain human mesenchymal cell viability with little cytotoxicity in vitro. JAGGED1 loaded on PEG-MAL hydrogel (JAGGED1-PEG-MAL) showed continuous release from the gel for up to three weeks, with induction of Notch signaling using a CHO cell line with a Notch1 reporter construct, and qPCR gene expression analysis in vitro. Importantly, JAGGED1-PEG-MAL hydrogel induced mesenchymal cells towards osteogenic differentiation based on increased Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast genes expression including RUNX2, ALP, COL1, and BSP. These results thus indicated that JAGGED1 delivery in vitro using PEG-MAL hydrogel induced osteoblast commitment, suggesting that this may be a viable in vivo approach to bone regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 552-560, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Steven Goudy
- Emory University, Department of Otolaryngology, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia
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79
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Cruz-Acuña R, Quirós M, Farkas AE, Dedhia PH, Huang S, Siuda D, García-Hernández V, Miller AJ, Spence JR, Nusrat A, García AJ. Synthetic hydrogels for human intestinal organoid generation and colonic wound repair. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1326-1335. [PMID: 29058719 PMCID: PMC5664213 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of human intestinal organoids (HIOs) from pluripotent stem cells is an unparalleled system for creating complex, multicellular three-dimensional structures capable of giving rise to tissue analogous to native human tissue. Current methods for generating HIOs rely on growth in an undefined tumour-derived extracellular matrix (ECM), which severely limits the use of organoid technologies for regenerative and translational medicine. Here, we developed a fully defined, synthetic hydrogel based on a four-armed, maleimide-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) macromer that supports robust and highly reproducible in vitro growth and expansion of HIOs, such that three-dimensional structures are never embedded in tumour-derived ECM. We also demonstrate that the hydrogel serves as an injection vehicle that can be delivered into injured intestinal mucosa resulting in HIO engraftment and improved colonic wound repair. Together, these studies show proof-of-concept that HIOs may be used therapeutically to treat intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cruz-Acuña
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Miguel Quirós
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | - Attila E Farkas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | - Dorothée Siuda
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | | | - Alyssa J Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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80
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Garcia JR, Campbell PF, Kumar G, Langberg JJ, Cesar L, Wang L, García AJ, Levit RD. A Minimally Invasive, Translational Method to Deliver Hydrogels to the Heart Through the Pericardial Space. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:601-609. [PMID: 30062173 PMCID: PMC6058920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are a new treatment strategy for cardiovascular diseases but are difficult to deliver to the heart in a safe, precise, and translatable way. We developed a method to deliver hydrogels to the epicardium through the pericardial space. Our device creates a temporary compartment for hydrogel delivery and gelation using anatomic structures. The method minimizes risk to patients from embolization, thrombotic occlusion, and arrhythmia. In pigs there were no clinically relevant acute or subacute adverse effects from pericardial hydrogel delivery, making this a translatable strategy to deliver biomaterials to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R. Garcia
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Gautam Kumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Cardiology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jonathan J. Langberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Liliana Cesar
- T3 Labs-Translational, Testing and Training Laboratories, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca D. Levit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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81
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Wang X, Wang K, Zhang W, Qiang M, Luo Y. A bilaminated decellularized scaffold for islet transplantation: Structure, properties and functions in diabetic mice. Biomaterials 2017; 138:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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82
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Modular tissue engineering for the vascularization of subcutaneously transplanted pancreatic islets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9337-9342. [PMID: 28814629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619216114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of pancreatic islets, following the Edmonton Protocol, is a promising treatment for type I diabetics. However, the need for multiple donors to achieve insulin independence reflects the large loss of islets that occurs when islets are infused into the portal vein. Finding a less hostile transplantation site that is both minimally invasive and able to support a large transplant volume is necessary to advance this approach. Although the s.c. site satisfies both these criteria, the site is poorly vascularized, precluding its utility. To address this problem, we demonstrate that modular tissue engineering results in an s.c. vascularized bed that enables the transplantation of pancreatic islets. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic SCID/beige mice, the injection of 750 rat islet equivalents embedded in endothelialized collagen modules was sufficient to restore and maintain normoglycemia for 21 days; the same number of free islets was unable to affect glucose levels. Furthermore, using CLARITY, we showed that embedded islets became revascularized and integrated with the host's vasculature, a feature not seen in other s.c. STUDIES Collagen-embedded islets drove a small (albeit not significant) shift toward a proangiogenic CD206+MHCII-(M2-like) macrophage response, which was a feature of module-associated vascularization. While these results open the potential for using s.c. islet delivery as a treatment option for type I diabetes, the more immediate benefit may be for the exploration of revascularized islet biology.
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83
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Knobeloch T, Abadi SEM, Bruns J, Zustiak SP, Kwon G. Injectable Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel for Islet Encapsulation: an in vitro and in vivo Characterization. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [PMID: 29527325 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa742b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An injection of hydrogel-encapsulated islets that controls blood glucose levels over long term would provide a much needed alternative treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). To this end, we tested the feasibility of using an injectable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel as a scaffold for islet encapsulation. Encapsulated islets cultured in vitro for 6 days showed excellent cell viability and released insulin with higher basal and stimulated insulin secretion than control islets. Host responses to PEG hydrogels were studied by injecting PEG hydrogels (no treatment and vehicle controls used) into the peritoneal cavities of B6D2F1 mice and monitoring alterations in body weight, food and water intake, and blood glucose levels. After 2 weeks, peritoneal cavity cells were harvested, followed by hydrogel retrieval, and extraction of spleens. Body weights, food and water intake, and blood glucose levels were unaltered in mice injected with hydrogels compared to no treatment and vehicle-injected control mice. Frozen sections of a hydrogel showed the presence of tissues and small number of immune cells surrounding the hydrogel but no cell infiltration into the hydrogel bulk. Spleen sizes were not significantly different under the experimental conditions. Peritoneal cavity cells were slightly higher in mice injected with hydrogels compared to control mice but no statistical difference between vehicle- and hydrogel-injected mice was noted. As an in vivo feasibility study, streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were injected with vehicle or hydrogels containing 50 islets each into two sites, the peritoneal cavity and a subcutaneous site on the back. Transient control of blood glucose levels were observed in mice injected with hydrogels containing islets. In summary, we developed an injectable PEG hydrogel that supported islet function and survival in vitro and in vivo and elicited only a mild host response. Our work illustrates the feasibility of using injectable PEG hydrogels for islet encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Knobeloch
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026
| | | | - Joseph Bruns
- Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103
| | | | - Guim Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026
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84
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Weaver JD, Headen DM, Aquart J, Johnson CT, Shea LD, Shirwan H, García AJ. Vasculogenic hydrogel enhances islet survival, engraftment, and function in leading extrahepatic sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700184. [PMID: 28630926 PMCID: PMC5457148 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising alternative therapy for insulin-dependent patients, with the potential to eliminate life-threatening hypoglycemic episodes and secondary complications of long-term diabetes. However, widespread application of this therapy has been limited by inadequate graft function and longevity, in part due to the loss of up to 60% of the graft in the hostile intrahepatic transplant site. We report a proteolytically degradable synthetic hydrogel, functionalized with vasculogenic factors for localized delivery, engineered to deliver islet grafts to extrahepatic transplant sites via in situ gelation under physiological conditions. Hydrogels induced differences in vascularization and innate immune responses among subcutaneous, small bowel mesentery, and epididymal fat pad transplant sites with improved vascularization and reduced inflammation at the epididymal fat pad site. This biomaterial-based strategy improved the survival, engraftment, and function of a single pancreatic donor islet mass graft compared to the current clinical intraportal delivery technique. This biomaterial strategy has the potential to improve clinical outcomes in islet autotransplantation after pancreatectomy and reduce the burden on donor organ availability by maximizing graft survival in clinical islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Weaver
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Devon M. Headen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jahizreal Aquart
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Christopher T. Johnson
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Suite 03-2303, 250 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- FasCure Therapeutics LLC, 300 East Market Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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85
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Foster GA, García AJ. Bio-synthetic materials for immunomodulation of islet transplants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:266-271. [PMID: 28532691 PMCID: PMC5581997 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation is an effective therapy in restoring physiological glycemic control in type 1 diabetics. However, allogeneic islets derived from cadaveric sources elicit immune responses that result in acute and chronic islet destruction. To prevent immune destruction of islets, transplant recipients require lifelong delivery of immunosuppressive drugs, which are associated with debilitating side effects. Biomaterial-based strategies to eliminate the need for immunosuppressive drugs are an emerging therapy for improving islet transplantation. In this context, two main approaches have been used: 1) encapsulation of islets to prevent infiltration and contact of immune cells, and 2) local release of immunomodulatory molecules from biomaterial systems that suppress local immunity. Synthetic biomaterials provide excellent control over material properties, molecule presentation, and therapeutic release, and thus, are an emerging platform for immunomodulation to facilitate islet transplantation. This review highlights various synthetic biomaterial-based strategies for preventing immune rejection of islet allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Foster
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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86
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Dollinger BR, Gupta MK, Martin JR, Duvall CL. Reactive Oxygen Species Shielding Hydrogel for the Delivery of Adherent and Nonadherent Therapeutic Cell Types<sup/>. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1120-1131. [PMID: 28394196 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies suffer from poor survival post-transplant due to placement into hostile implant sites characterized by host immune response and innate production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that cellular encapsulation within an injectable, antioxidant hydrogel would improve viability of cells exposed to high oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, we applied a dual thermo- and ROS-responsive hydrogel comprising the ABC triblock polymer poly[(propylene sulfide)-block-(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)-block-(N-isopropylacrylamide)] (PPS135-b-PDMA152-b-PNIPAAM225, PDN). The PPS chemistry reacts irreversibly with ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), imparting inherent antioxidant properties to the system. Here, PDN hydrogels were successfully integrated with type 1 collagen to form ROS-protective, composite hydrogels amenable to spreading and growth of adherent cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It was also shown that, using a control hydrogel substituting nonreactive polycaprolactone in place of PPS, the ROS-reactive PPS chemistry is directly responsible for PDN hydrogel cytoprotection of both MSCs and insulin-producing β-cell pseudo-islets against H2O2 toxicity. In sum, these results establish the potential of cytoprotective, thermogelling PDN biomaterials for injectable delivery of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Dollinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mukesh K Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John R Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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87
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Strand BL, Coron AE, Skjak‐Braek G. Current and Future Perspectives on Alginate Encapsulated Pancreatic Islet. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1053-1058. [PMID: 28186705 PMCID: PMC5442831 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets in immune protective capsules holds the promise as a functional cure for type 1 diabetes, also about 40 years after the first proof of principal study. The concept is simple in using semipermeable capsules that allow the ingress of oxygen and nutrients, but limit the access of the immune system. Encapsulated human islets have been evaluated in four small clinical trials where the procedure has been evaluated as safe, but lacking long-term efficacy. Host reactions toward the biomaterials used in the capsules may be one parameter limiting the long-term function of the graft in humans. The present article briefly discusses important capsule properties such as stability, permeability and biocompatibility, as well as possible strategies to overcome current challenges. Also, recent progress in capsule development as well as the production of insulin-producing cells from human stem cells that gives promising perspectives for the transplantation of encapsulated insulin-producing tissue is briefly discussed. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1053-1058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit L. Strand
- NOBIPOL, Department of BiotechnologyNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Abba E. Coron
- NOBIPOL, Department of BiotechnologyNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Gudmund Skjak‐Braek
- NOBIPOL, Department of BiotechnologyNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
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88
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Harrington S, Williams J, Rawal S, Ramachandran K, Stehno-Bittel L. Hyaluronic Acid/Collagen Hydrogel as an Alternative to Alginate for Long-Term Immunoprotected Islet Transplantation<sup/>. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1088-1099. [PMID: 28142500 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate has long been the material of choice for immunoprotection of islets due to its low cost and ability to easily form microspheres. Unfortunately, this seaweed-derived material is notoriously prone to fibrotic overgrowth in vivo, resulting in premature graft failure. The purpose of this study was to test an alternative, hyaluronic acid (HA-COL), for in vitro function, viability, and allogeneic islet transplant outcomes in diabetic rats. In vitro studies indicated that the HA-COL gel had diffusion characteristics that would allow small molecules such as glucose and insulin to enter and exit the gel, whereas larger molecules (70 and 500 kDa dextrans) were impeded from diffusing past the gel edge in 24 h. Islets encapsulated in HA-COL hydrogel showed significantly improved in vitro viability over unencapsulated islets and retained their morphology and glucose sensitivity for 28 days. When unencapsulated allogeneic islet transplants were administered to the omentum of outbred rats, they initially were normoglycemic, but by 11 days returned to hyperglycemia. Immunohistological examination of the grafts and surrounding tissue indicated strong graft rejection. By comparison, when using the same outbred strain of rats, allogeneic transplantation of islets within the HA-COL gel reversed long-term diabetes and prevented graft rejection in all animals. Animals were sacrificed at 40, 52, 64, and 80 weeks for evaluation, and all were non-diabetic at sacrifice. Explanted grafts revealed viable islets in the transplant site as well as intact hydrogel, with little or no evidence of fibrotic overgrowth or cellular rejection. The results of these studies demonstrate great potential for HA-COL hydrogel as an alternative to sodium alginate for long-term immunoprotected islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Harrington
- 1 School of Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas.,2 University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,3 Likarda, LLC, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Janette Williams
- 2 University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,3 Likarda, LLC, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sonia Rawal
- 2 University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- 1 School of Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas.,2 University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.,3 Likarda, LLC, Kansas City, Kansas
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89
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Engineered microenvironments for synergistic VEGF - Integrin signalling during vascularization. Biomaterials 2017; 126:61-74. [PMID: 28279265 PMCID: PMC5354119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have engineered polymer-based microenvironments that promote vasculogenesis both in vitro and in vivo through synergistic integrin-growth factor receptor signalling. Poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) triggers spontaneous organization of fibronectin (FN) into nanonetworks which provide availability of critical binding domains. Importantly, the growth factor binding (FNIII12-14) and integrin binding (FNIII9-10) regions are simultaneously available on FN fibrils assembled on PEA. This material platform promotes synergistic integrin/VEGF signalling which is highly effective for vascularization events in vitro with low concentrations of VEGF. VEGF specifically binds to FN fibrils on PEA compared to control polymers (poly(methyl acrylate), PMA) where FN remains in a globular conformation and integrin/GF binding domains are not simultaneously available. The vasculogenic response of human endothelial cells seeded on these synergistic interfaces (VEGF bound to FN assembled on PEA) was significantly improved compared to soluble administration of VEGF at higher doses. Early onset of VEGF signalling (PLCγ1 phosphorylation) and both integrin and VEGF signalling (ERK1/2 phosphorylation) were increased only when VEGF was bound to FN nanonetworks on PEA, while soluble VEGF did not influence early signalling. Experiments with mutant FN molecules with impaired integrin binding site (FN-RGE) confirmed the role of the integrin binding site of FN on the vasculogenic response via combined integrin/VEGF signalling. In vivo experiments using 3D scaffolds coated with FN and VEGF implanted in the murine fat pad demonstrated pro-vascularization signalling by enhanced formation of new tissue inside scaffold pores. PEA-driven organization of FN promotes efficient presentation of VEGF to promote vascularization in regenerative medicine applications.
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90
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Purwada A, Shah SB, Beguelin W, Melnick AM, Singh A. Modular Immune Organoids with Integrin Ligand Specificity Differentially Regulate Ex Vivo B Cell Activation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:214-225. [PMID: 33450794 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers are dynamic structures within lymphoid tissues, which develop once B cells receive activating signals from surrounding immune cells. Germinal center B cells are small in number, heterogeneous, and prone to rapid apoptosis unless selected by the body to form memory B cells. Despite extensive research in the B cell differentiation process, the role of the lymphoid niche, in particular integrin ligands, in the development of early germinal center-like phenotype remains unclear. Here, we report a biomaterials-based modular immune organoid that enables development of early germinal-center phenotype in an integrin ligand-specific manner. We demonstrate the differential role of integrin α4β1- and αvβ3-binding ligands in the induction of GL7+ (GC-like) and GL7- (non-GC-like) phenotype in differentiating B cells while in the presence of CD40 ligand and interleukin-4. We further demonstrate the role of integrin ligand specificities in clustering of β3 integrin and B cell receptor on the surface of differentiated B cells in 3D organoids as compared to the classic 2D cocultures. The study demonstrates that biomaterials-based immune organoids represent an ex vivo platform technology, which recapitulates certain aspects of GC biology to understand the process of B cell differentiation and induction of immunological responses. This platform is particularly useful in understanding the role of selective biomolecular signals and the temporal dependency of immune responses to these signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Purwada
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Shivem B Shah
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Wendy Beguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ankur Singh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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91
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Foster GA, Headen DM, González-García C, Salmerón-Sánchez M, Shirwan H, García AJ. Protease-degradable microgels for protein delivery for vascularization. Biomaterials 2017; 113:170-175. [PMID: 27816000 PMCID: PMC5121008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Degradable hydrogels to deliver bioactive proteins represent an emerging platform for promoting tissue repair and vascularization in various applications. However, implanting these biomaterials requires invasive surgery, which is associated with complications such as inflammation, scarring, and infection. To address these shortcomings, we applied microfluidics-based polymerization to engineer injectable poly(ethylene glycol) microgels of defined size and crosslinked with a protease degradable peptide to allow for triggered release of proteins. The release rate of proteins covalently tethered within the microgel network was tuned by modifying the ratio of degradable to non-degradable crosslinkers, and the released proteins retained full bioactivity. Microgels injected into the dorsum of mice were maintained in the subcutaneous space and degraded within 2 weeks in response to local proteases. Furthermore, controlled release of VEGF from degradable microgels promoted increased vascularization compared to empty microgels or bolus injection of VEGF. Collectively, this study motivates the use of microgels as a viable method for controlled protein delivery in regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Foster
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Devon M Headen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cristina González-García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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92
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García JR, García AJ. Biomaterial-mediated strategies targeting vascularization for bone repair. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:77-95. [PMID: 26014967 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Repair of non-healing bone defects through tissue engineering strategies remains a challenging feat in the clinic due to the aversive microenvironment surrounding the injured tissue. The vascular damage that occurs following a bone injury causes extreme ischemia and a loss of circulating cells that contribute to regeneration. Tissue-engineered constructs aimed at regenerating the injured bone suffer from complications based on the slow progression of endogenous vascular repair and often fail at bridging the bone defect. To that end, various strategies have been explored to increase blood vessel regeneration within defects to facilitate both tissue-engineered and natural repair processes. Developments that induce robust vascularization will need to consolidate various parameters including optimization of embedded therapeutics, scaffold characteristics, and successful integration between the construct and the biological tissue. This review provides an overview of current strategies as well as new developments in engineering biomaterials to induce reparation of a functional vascular supply in the context of bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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93
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Clarifying intact 3D tissues on a microfluidic chip for high-throughput structural analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14915-14920. [PMID: 27956625 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609569114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
On-chip imaging of intact three-dimensional tissues within microfluidic devices is fundamentally hindered by intratissue optical scattering, which impedes their use as tissue models for high-throughput screening assays. Here, we engineered a microfluidic system that preserves and converts tissues into optically transparent structures in less than 1 d, which is 20× faster than current passive clearing approaches. Accelerated clearing was achieved because the microfluidic system enhanced the exchange of interstitial fluids by 567-fold, which increased the rate of removal of optically scattering lipid molecules from the cross-linked tissue. Our enhanced clearing process allowed us to fluorescently image and map the segregation and compartmentalization of different cells during the formation of tumor spheroids, and to track the degradation of vasculature over time within extracted murine pancreatic islets in static culture, which may have implications on the efficacy of beta-cell transplantation treatments for type 1 diabetes. We further developed an image analysis algorithm that automates the analysis of the vasculature connectivity, volume, and cellular spatial distribution of the intact tissue. Our technique allows whole tissue analysis in microfluidic systems, and has implications in the development of organ-on-a-chip systems, high-throughput drug screening devices, and in regenerative medicine.
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94
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Rios PD, Zhang X, Luo X, Shea LD. Mold-casted non-degradable, islet macro-encapsulating hydrogel devices for restoration of normoglycemia in diabetic mice. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2485-95. [PMID: 27159557 PMCID: PMC11287382 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a potential cure for diabetic patients, however this procedure is not widely adopted due to the high rate of graft failure. Islet encapsulation within hydrogels is employed to provide a three-dimensional microenvironment conducive to survival of transplanted islets to extend graft function. Herein, we present a novel macroencapsulation device, composed of PEG hydrogel, that combines encapsulation with lithography techniques to generate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds. PEG solutions are mixed with islets, which are then cast into PDMS molds for subsequent crosslinking. The molds can also be employed to provide complex architectures, such as microchannels that may allow vascular ingrowth through pre-defined regions of the hydrogel. PDMS molds allowed for the formation of stable gels with encapsulation of islets, and in complex architectures. Hydrogel devices with a thickness of 600 μm containing 500 islets promoted normoglycemia within 12 days following transplantation into the epididymal fat pad, which was sustained over the two-month period of study until removal of the device. The inclusion of microchannels, which had a similar minimum distance between islets and the hydrogel surface, similarly promoted normoglycemia. A glucose challenge test indicated hydrogel devices achieved normoglycemia 90 min post-dextrose injections, similar to control mice with native pancreata. Histochemical staining revealed that transplanted islets, identified as insulin positive, were viable and isolated from host tissue at 8 weeks post-transplantation, yet devices with microchannels had tissue and vascular ingrowth within the channels. Taken together, these results demonstrate a system for creating non-degradable hydrogels with complex geometries for encapsulating islets capable of restoring normoglycemia, which may expand islet transplantation as a treatment option for diabetic patients. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2485-2495. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Daniel Rios
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60611
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60611.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois, 60208.
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois, 60208.
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60611.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, 205 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60611.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2099.
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95
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Hwang PTJ, Lim DJ, Fee T, Alexander GC, Tambralli A, Andukuri A, Tian L, Cui W, Berry J, Gilbert SR, Jun HW. A bio-inspired hybrid nanosack for graft vascularization at the omentum. Acta Biomater 2016; 41:224-34. [PMID: 27286678 PMCID: PMC4969099 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED For three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds, the major challenges of hydrogels are poor mechanical integrity and difficulty in handling during implantation. In contrast, electrospun scaffolds provide tunable mechanical properties and high porosity; but, are limited in cell encapsulation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a "hybrid nanosack" by combination of a peptide amphiphile (PA) nanomatrix gel and an electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) (ePCL) nanofiber sheet with porous crater-like structures. This hybrid nanosack design synergistically possessed the characteristics of both approaches. In this study, the hybrid nanosack was applied to enhance local angiogenesis in the omentum, which is required of tissue engineering scaffolds for graft survival. The ePCL sheet with porous crater-like structures improved cell and blood vessel penetration through the hybrid nanosack. The hybrid nanosack also provided multi-stage fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) release kinetics for stimulating local angiogenesis. The hybrid nanosack was implanted into rat omentum for 14days and vascularization was analyzed by micro-CT and immunohistochemistry; the data clearly demonstrated that both FGF-2 delivery and porous crater-like structures work synergistically to enhance blood vessel formation within the hybrid nanosack. Therefore, the hybrid nanosack will provide a new strategy for engineering scaffolds to achieve graft survival in the omentum by stimulating local vascularization, thus overcoming the limitations of current strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE For three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds, the major challenges of hydrogels are poor mechanical integrity and difficulty in handling during implantation. In contrast, electrospun scaffolds provide tunable mechanical properties and high porosity; but, are limited in cell encapsulation. To overcome these limitations, we developed a "hybrid nanosack" by combination of a peptide amphiphile (PA) nanomatrix gel and an electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) (ePCL) nanofiber sheet with porous crater-like structures. This design synergistically possessed the characteristics of both approaches. In this study, the hybrid nanosack was applied to enhance local angiogenesis in the omentum, which is required of tissue engineering scaffolds for graft survival. The hybrid nanosack was implanted into rat omentum for 14days and vascularization was analyzed by micro-CT and immunohistochemistry. We demonstrate that both FGF-2 delivery and porous crater-like structures work synergistically to enhance blood vessel formation within the hybrid nanosack. Therefore, the hybrid nanosack will provide a new strategy for engineering scaffolds to achieve graft survival in the omentum by stimulating local vascularization, thus overcoming the limitations of current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T J Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dong-Jin Lim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Fee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Grant C Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ajay Tambralli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adinarayana Andukuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Liqun Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Wanxing Cui
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC 20007, USA
| | - Joel Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shawn R Gilbert
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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96
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Malheiro A, Wieringa P, Mota C, Baker M, Moroni L. Patterning Vasculature: The Role of Biofabrication to Achieve an Integrated Multicellular Ecosystem. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1694-1709. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Malheiro
- Department
of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Department
of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Department
of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department
of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department
of Complex Tissue
Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative
Medicine, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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97
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Allen AB, Butts EB, Copland IB, Stevens HY, Guldberg RE. Human platelet lysate supplementation of mesenchymal stromal cell delivery: issues of xenogenicity and species variability. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2876-2884. [PMID: 27339032 DOI: 10.1002/term.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of fetal bovine serum (FBS) poses a problem for its use in the propagation of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cell therapy. Human platelet lysate (hPL), an enriched growth factor solution containing mitogenic and angiogenic cues, has potential utility in replacing FBS for human MSC (hMSC) delivery strategies. Despite its potentiation of hMSC number in vitro, little is known concerning its capacity to supplement implanted hMSC-seeded constructs and promote tissue regeneration in vivo. In this study, we tested the effects of incorporating hPL in cell-seeded constructs implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised rats, investigated in vitro interactions between hPL and rat MSCs (rMSCs) and determined interspecies variability in the PL product [hPL vs rat PL (rPL)] and its effect on cultured MSCs (hPL/hMSCs vs rPL/rMSCs). The overarching aim was to determine the utility of hPL to foster MSC survival in preclinical rodent models. Exposure to hPL-supplemented media resulted in rMSC death, by a process attributable to heat-labile proteins, but not membrane attack complex formation. In the in vitro syngeneic model, the rodent product proved fundamentally distinct from the human product, with rPL having substantially lower growth factor content than hPL. Moreover, contrary to the positive effects of hPL on hMSC expansion, rPL did not reduce rMSC doubling time for the serum concentrations examined. When tested in vivo, hPL did not improve cell survival within hydrogel constructs through 2 weeks postimplantation. In summary, this study highlights the many facets of xenogenicity and interspecies variability that must be considered in the preclinical evaluation of hPL. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Allen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily B Butts
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian B Copland
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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98
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Noel S, Fortier C, Murschel F, Belzil A, Gaudet G, Jolicoeur M, De Crescenzo G. Co-immobilization of adhesive peptides and VEGF within a dextran-based coating for vascular applications. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:69-82. [PMID: 27039978 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multifunctional constructs providing a proper environment for adhesion and growth of selected cell types are needed for most tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In this context, vinylsulfone (VS)-modified dextran was proposed as a matrix featuring low-fouling properties as well as multiple versatile moieties. The displayed VS groups could indeed react with thiol, amine or hydroxyl groups, be it for surface grafting, crosslinking or subsequent tethering of biomolecules. In the present study, a library of dextran-VS was produced, grafted to aminated substrates and characterized in terms of degree of VS modification (%VS), cell-repelling properties and potential for the oriented grafting of cysteine-tagged peptides. As a bioactive coating of vascular implants, ECM peptides (e.g. RGD) as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were co-immobilized on one of the most suitable dextran-VS coating (%VS=ca. 50% of saccharides units). Both RGD and VEGF were efficiently tethered at high densities (ca. 1nmol/cm(2) and 50fmol/cm(2), respectively), and were able to promote endothelial cell adhesion as well as proliferation. The latter was enhanced to the same extent as with soluble VEGF and proved selective to endothelial cells over smooth muscle cells. Altogether, multiple biomolecules could be efficiently incorporated into a dextran-VS construct, while maintaining their respective biological activity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work addresses the need for multifunctional coatings and selective cell response inherent to many tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, for instance, vascular graft. More specifically, a library of dextrans was first generated through vinylsulfone (VS) modification. Thoroughly selected dextran-VS provided an ideal platform for unbiased study of cell response to covalently grafted biomolecules. Considering that processes such as healing and angiogenesis require multiple factors acting synergistically, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was then co-immobilized with the cell adhesive RGD peptide within our dextran coating through a relevant strategy featuring orientation and specificity. Altogether, both adhesive and proliferative cues could be incorporated into our construct with additive, if not synergetic, effects.
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99
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Ogle ME, Segar CE, Sridhar S, Botchwey EA. Monocytes and macrophages in tissue repair: Implications for immunoregenerative biomaterial design. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1084-97. [PMID: 27229903 PMCID: PMC4898192 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216650293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in tissue development, homeostasis, and injury repair. These innate immune cells participate in guiding vascular remodeling, stimulation of local stem and progenitor cells, and structural repair of tissues such as muscle and bone. Therefore, there is a great interest in harnessing this powerful endogenous cell source for therapeutic regeneration through immunoregenerative biomaterial engineering. These materials seek to harness specific subpopulations of monocytes/macrophages to promote repair by influencing their recruitment, positioning, differentiation, and function within a damaged tissue. Monocyte and macrophage phenotypes span a continuum of inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory or pro-regenerative cells (M2), and their heterogeneous functions are highly dependent on microenvironmental cues within the injury niche. Increasing evidence suggests that division of labor among subpopulations of monocytes and macrophages could allow for harnessing regenerative functions over inflammatory functions of myeloid cells; however, the complex balance between necessary functions of inflammatory versus regenerative myeloid cells remains to be fully elucidated. Historically, biomaterial-based therapies for promoting tissue regeneration were designed to minimize the host inflammatory response; although, recent appreciation for the roles that innate immune cells play in tissue repair and material integration has shifted this paradigm. A number of opportunities exist to exploit known signaling systems of specific populations of monocytes/macrophages to promote repair and to better understand the biological and pathological roles of myeloid cells. This review seeks to outline the characteristics of distinct populations of monocytes and macrophages, identify the role of these cells within diverse tissue injury niches, and offer design criteria for immunoregenerative biomaterials given the intrinsic inflammatory response to their implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Claire E Segar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sraeyes Sridhar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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100
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Abstract
Since insulin discovery, islet transplantation was the first protocol to show the possibility to cure patients with type 1 diabetes using low-risk procedures. The scarcity of pancreas donors triggered a burst of studies focused on the production of new β cells in vitro. These were rapidly dominated by pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) demonstrating diabetes-reversal potential in diabetic mice. Subsequent enthusiasm fostered a clinical trial with immunoisolated embryonic-derived pancreatic progenitors. Yet safety is the Achilles' heel of PSCs, and a whole branch of β cell engineering medicine focuses on transdifferentiation of adult pancreatic cells. New data showed the possibility to chemically stimulate acinar or α cells to undergo β cell neogenesis and provide opportunities to intervene in situ without the need for a transplant, at least after weighing benefits against systemic adverse effects. The current studies suggested the pancreas as a reservoir of facultative progenitors (e.g., in the duct lining) could be exploited ex vivo for expansion and β cell differentiation in timely fashion and without the hurdles of PSC use. Diabetes cell therapy is thus a growing field not only with great potential but also with many pitfalls to overcome for becoming fully envisioned as a competitor to the current treatment standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Lysy
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Elisa Corritore
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne M Sokal
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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